Page No.

Name: Ayush Narayan

Std: 6 Div: F
Roll no. 27
SST
MULTIPLE
ASSESSMENT
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Index
• Introduction
• Explanation of the effect of a pandemic on the socio-
economic life of the people in Mumbai (Maharashtra).
• Explanation of the effect of the pandemic on the
socio-economic life of the people in Bhubaneshwar
(Odisha).
• References
 Page No. 3

Introduction
❖ The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19, the
disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, as a global
pandemic on 11 March 2020. At present, the world is undergoing a
process that some have called “Covidisation”, or the unraveling of the
manifold, far-reaching medical, economic, and social impacts of a global
health emergency on the world.
❖ The pandemic quickly
resulted in lockdowns and strong
social (physical) distancing
interventions worldwide to reduce
the virus's transmission.
❖ The First Case of Covid-19
infection in India was reported In
Kerala on January 27, 2020. The
First Case of Covid-19 in Mumbai
was reported on 11 March 2020.
The First Case of Bhubaneshwar
was reported on 12 March 2020.
India implemented its nationwide
lockdown on 24 March 2020,
limiting the movement of 1.3
billion people. The national
lockdown in India temporarily shut
down portions of the economy and
substantially altered daily life, generating fear about economic and food
security among the many living in poverty and resulting in a mass exodus
of millions of migrant workers from cities to their rural villages.
❖ This fact file aims to portray the impact of COVID-19 on the
community that is reeling under the weight of an unprecedented health
crisis that has taken a massive toll on lives and livelihoods across the
globe.
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Explanation of the effect of a pandemic on

the socio-economic life of the people in
Mumbai (Maharashtra).
A DAY after the Maharashtra government invoked sections of the
Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897, in light of the rising number of COVID-19
cases in the state, Mumbai’s famous social life took a hit. From hand
sanitizers being given outside pubs to a considerably lower footfall in
malls and tourist places, places that regularly see large crowds in
Mumbai over the weekend did not attract as many people. The only
place that saw higher than usual traffic: grocery and departmental
chains with people stocking up fearing the worst. The government’s
decision to shut down movie halls, swimming pools and gymnasiums
have also meant shutting down yoga centers, Zumba, and other dance
fitness centers. The economic downturn, extensive containment
measures, and inadequate social protection have meant a significant
drop in income for many even in the financial capital of India - Mumbai.
The drastic changes in the socio-political and economic milieu of
Mumbai caused by the pandemic and lockdown drove the intent for
conducting a household survey to better analyze its impacts.
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This fact file presents the findings of the household survey
commissioned in some of the key areas of livelihood, health,
education, housing, and transport. The data surveyed 2,087
households in Mumbai to study the impact of the pandemic on
the city and its people. The fact file revealed that 2 out of 3
respondents of the total survey sample said that the pandemic
has hurt their jobs. While 24 percent of respondents said that
the pandemic affected their jobs severely, 17 percent said they
lost their jobs. Breaking down the structure of the 17 percent
respondents who lost their jobs, around 44 percent of those
who lost jobs were unskilled workers, 14 percent were skilled
workers and 24 percent were self-employed people. Every 3
out 4 (71 percent) of the total sample survey said they were not
able to save any money during the Lockdown. Livelihood and
employment across sectors have been the worst hit. Two of
every three respondents said that their livelihood was
adversely impacted, of which 36% had leave-without-pay, 28
percent worked with a reduced salary, 25 percent worked
without salary and 13% had extra working hours or were
otherwise overburdened. Mumbai which is known for its in-
migration from across the country mainly for livelihood saw a
huge outmigration during the pandemic. Of the 23 percent of
respondents who fact-file that they had migrated out of
Mumbai during the lockdown, 57 percent went due to loss of
job. According to the fact file, around 69% of the total
respondents said they faced difficulties in paying their house
rent, while 60 percent of respondents said their Rent contract
wasn't eased during the Lockdown. "Almost 2 of 3 respondents
(63 percent of total sample survey) who worked from home,
preferred to do so in the future as well. Demand for use of
pedestrian spaces for mobility in Mumbai has increased post-
pandemic," the fact-file stated. Total 39 percent of the 2,087
respondents received free treatment for COVID-19. Of the 61
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percent who spent money on COVID-19 treatment majority (50
percent) spent less than Rs 10,000. Nearly 48 percent of
respondents said that they managed the treatment cost with
help from family, relatives, or friends, 27 percent sourced it
from their regular income, while 23 percent sourced it from
insurance. The majority of respondents were satisfied with
public hospital treatment. Page | 6 Elaborating on online
education conducted during and post lockdown period the fact-
file revealed that 82 percent of respondents said their school
provided adequate training to use online learning platforms (85
percent private 76 percent public). Total 79 percent said the
teacher spoke to them directly for an update on the child’s
learning and well-being (81 percent private, 72 percent public).
Online learning, however, did have its negative aspects,
especially on the health of children. Nearly 63 percent said
online classes made children physically inactive and irritable (65
percent) while 43 percent said their child faced eyesight
problems. This is also reflected in the preference of the
majority of parents (62 percent) towards offline education- 54
percent felt it was now safe to send their children to school.
The fact file has highlighted the urgency for better
policymaking and planning for the future. The focus, in the
immediate term, needs to be on creating avenues and securing
livelihoods of the lowest socio-economic sections of the city,
most affected by the pandemic. For the future, this experience
provides cues for better planning of the city and strengthening
of public infrastructure.
 Page No. 7
Explanation of the effect of the pandemic on the
Socioeconomic life of the people in Bhubaneshwar (Odisha).

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This is a report of Bhubaneshwar, July 8, 2020

The report said Odisha’s PCI in the 2019-20 years is ahead of states
like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh,
and Chhattisgarh while the contraction in the state’s Page | 8
economy is less than the national level, which is expected to contract
by 7.7 percent during 2020-21 financial year. Odisha’s economy that
had grown at 7.1 percent per annum during 2012-13 to 2019-20 is
expected to witness negative growth of (-4.92 percent) in 2020-21.
“But for the resilience of the state economy and effective
governance measure in managing the pandemic, the decline would
have been much sharper,” said the survey report. All the major
contributors of the state’s economy—agriculture, industry, and
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service—are expected to witness negative growth resulting in the
contraction of the state’s economy. The agriculture sector, the share
of which in the state’s economy is 21.27 percent, is expected to
contract by 6.54 percent because of factors like Covid-19, flood,
cyclone Amphan in some parts, and long dry spells during the Kharif
season. The industry sector contributing 36.26 percent of the state’s
economy would contract by 8percentcent in 2020-21. The fall is due
to disruptions caused by the pandemic that affected major sub-
sectors like mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas, water supply, and
construction. Decline in activities like trade, transport, storage,
communication, and real estate activities because of the pandemic
has led to negative growth of (-3.18 percent) in the service sector,
the highest contributor (42.47 percent) to the state’s economy.
Around 27 percent and 30 percent of the households in Odisha and
UP respectively had no income during the lockdown, according to
the study. Urban households (43 percent) reported more loss of
income compared to their rural counterparts (24 percent). Despite
negative growth and contraction of the economy, the survey report
said the state’s economy will rebound more vigorously in 2021-22
because of initiatives like Make in Odisha conclave, industrial policy
resolution 2015, ease of doing business framework, new agriculture
policy 2019-20 and other measures of development, 5T and ‘Mo
Sarkar’ reforms. “And if 2020-21 was the worst ‘annus horribles (a
year of disaster or misfortune), we can hope 2021-22 to be the best
‘annus mirabilis’ (a remarkable or auspicious year,” said the report.
There was a severe impact for households that relied on casual labor
or non-agricultural self-employment as their main source of income
during the lockdown in UP. In Odisha, the impact was felt primarily
by households whose members were engaged in casual labor. The
survey also found a large majority of households — 81 percent in
Odisha and 77 percent in UP — reported some reduction in income.
In contrast, 95 percent of households interviewed supported the
Union government’s lockdown strategy.
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Results from the study showed the impact of the lockdown to
be above and beyond economic impacts. It was, instead, an
assortment of additional societal and psychological elements. A
unique feature of the study was it tried to measure the
conditions of families before and after the lockdown to
understand the disruption in the social, economic, and health
status of the respondents. We have all observed minor
behavioral vicissitudes with major after-effects on our thoughts
during this stretch. While buying necessities from the market,
for example, someone at a shop may have obtrusively
encouraged you to keep your distance, implying you could be
the bearer of the infection. You hand over your card to pay for
your purchases and the shopkeeper asks you to enter the PIN
by using a toothpick. Such changes do leave some sort of
impression on our minds, including simply walking on the
streets looking at each other’s masked faces, something that
brings a sense of threat that the other person could be a carrier
of the virus. These are a few instances most of us can relate to
in this world of the ‘new normal. The lockdown intensified the
number of those who became frustrated and depressed. There
is an upsurge in social issues, including psychological disorders,
domestic violence, suicides, etc. Children are getting depressed
as well. Depression affects 264 million people around the world
due to no contact with their peer groups and minimal physical
activities, according to a May 14 United Nations report. This
pandemic is preparing us to adapt to a diverse way of living
with positives and major negatives that directly or indirectly
affect our mental states. These include a risk of depression and
anxiety, a sense of detachment, loneliness, fear of losing our
loved ones, and stressing about our futures. Interesting results
were found by the fact file over this: Of all responses, about 95
percent of households were afraid of being infected and
worried about becoming disengaged from others. The average
 Page No. 10
annual inflation of Odisha increased to 8.49 percent while the
inflation in rural Odisha has been higher than urban inflation in
the past years except in 2017 and 2018. The difference
between rural and urban inflation has been higher for ‘non-
food’ items. Odisha has achieved poverty reduction by 24.6
percent during 2004-05, highest than the national level
reduction of 15.3 percent while the value of goods exported
from Odisha also exhibited an increasing trend from 2011-12 to
2017-18. As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey of the Centre,
the unemployment rate moderated in 2018-19 (7.0 percent)
compared to 2017-18 (7.1 percent).
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References
❖ http://odishapostepaper.com/uploads/epaper/2
020-07/5f05fead1bb99.pdf
❖ https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/coro
navirus-outbreak-social-distancing-hits-social-life-in-
mumbai-6314811/
❖ https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-social-
impact-of-the-covid19-pandemic.
❖ COVID-19 and its impact on education, social life
and mental health of students: A survey -
PubMed (nih.gov)
❖ The Biggest Impact of COVID-19 on Dentistry -
Oral Health Group
❖ COVID devastates people’s life in Mumbai, says
survey (freepressjournal. in)
❖ The Social Impact of the COVID19 Pandemic |
ORF (orfonline.org)