INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

What is Intelligence?

The ability to learn, reason, understand and solve problems is called intelligence.

Attributes of Intelligence: -

 Ability to interact with the real world.

o To perceive, understand and act
o Example: Speech Recognition – Understanding and synthesis
o Example: Image Recognition
o Example: Ability to take action: to have an effect
 Reasoning and planning
o Modelling the external world, given input
o Solving new problems, planning, and making decisions
o Ability to deal with unexpected problems, uncertainties.
 Learning and adaptation
o Continuous learning and adapting
o Our internal models are always being updated.
o Example: Baby learning to categorize and recognize animal
o

Types of Intelligence: -
What is decision making?

It is the process of making a choice and deciding what to do in different situations. Decision making depends upon
the availability of information and how we experience and understand it.

How do you make decisions?

 Identification of a problem.
 Collection of information related to the problem.
 Analyzing and evaluating the information to identify potential solutions.
 Comparing pros and cons of each potential solution.
 Selecting the best solution
 Taking action for implementation.
 Evaluating the result and making adjustments is required.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The term AI was first coined by John McCarthy in 1956. AI refers to any technique that enables computers to mimic
human intelligence Artificial intelligence refers to the ability of a machine or application to carry out a task that
requires some degree of intelligence comparable to human intelligence.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence

1. Google –Google not only quickly returns the results of our search, but it also shows advertisement as per our
interest without asking for it.
2. Personal Assistants – personal assistants like Siri, AleXa, Google Assistant, Cortana etc. perform numerous
tasks in an interactive way.
3. Google Map – Apps like Uber and Google Maps come in handy for helping us find our way about. Consequently,
it is no longer necessary to stop and ask for directions constantly.
4. FIFA – AI has significantly improved the gaming experience. Many modern video games are supported by
artificial intelligence (AI), which improves graphics, creates new challenges for players, etc.
5. Recommendation System– AI has taken care of our habits, likes, and dislikes. Because of this, services like
Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, and YouTube, among others, display recommendations based on our preferences, create
personalized playlist according to our interest.
6. Social-Media – Social media networks like Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat etc. provide us with various amazing
filters, recommend posts or feed as per our interest, construct playlists based on our demands, and many more.
7. Health App – Our health is also being tracked by AI. There are many chatbots and other health apps available
that continuously track their users’ physical and emotional wellbeing.
8. Humanoid – Humanoid is a special category of robots that are designed to resemble humans or have human
like features. These robots are equipped with sensors, motor and other technologies. Sophia is the first humanoid.
9. Autonomous Vehicles – Self driving car in the future and it uses AI based technology such as computer vision,
NLP and machine learning to navigate roads, avoid obstacles and make decisions.
10. Chatbots- Chatbots are AI powered applications that can simulate conversation with humans and can be used
for customer service, sales, or support functions etc. Most popular chatbots nowadays is Chat GPT.
11. Image Recognition- It is used in various fields like face recognition, object recognition and barcode scanning
etc. It can help in identifying individuals or objects in real time. Google Photos and Facebook automatic picture
tagging are some of the examples of image recognition applications.
12. E-commerce website: With the use of big data, AI in E-Commerce is impacting customer choices by recording
the data of previous purchases, searched products, and online browsing habits. Product recommendations
provide multiple benefits for E-commerce retailers including Higher number of returning customers.

How do machines can become Artificially Intelligent?

Machines also become intelligent once they are trained with some information which helps them achieve their
tasks. AI machines also keep updating their knowledge to optimize their output.

What is not AI?

Today, because there are so many different technologies all around us, we frequently mistake any other technology
for artificial intelligence. Because of this, we must clearly define what constitutes
AI and what does not.
1. Fully Automated Washing Machine – It can function on its own but choosing the washing parameters and
making the necessary preparations before each wash require human participation.
2. Air Conditioner – The internet can be used to remotely turn on and off an air conditioner, but it still
requires a human touch.
3. IoT (Internet of Things)- IoT is a system of interconnected electronic devices that can communicate with each
other using internet.
4. Automatic gates in shopping malls
5. Remote control drones
6. Smart Refrigerators
7. Smart Watch
8. Smart TV

How smart devices are different from AI enabled devices?

All smart devices are not AI enabled. Smart devices can be programmed to respond to specific input or perform
tasks based on predefined rules. However artificial intelligence involved the ability to learn, reason and make
decisions based on complex patterns.
Differentiate between what is AI and what is not AI with the help of an example?
What K.W.L.H. Chart: -
K What do you know about Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
W What do you want to know about AI?
L What have you learnt about AI?
H How have you learnt this about AI?
What are some misconceptions about AI?
The following list includes a few of these myths:
a. AI does not require humans – The first false assumption regarding artificial intelligence is that it
does not require humans. But in truth, every AI-based system still depends on people in some way
and will continue to do so. For instance, human data collection is necessary to learn about the data.
b. AI will take your job – One of the major misconceptions is that AI would eliminate most
occupations, but in truth, it is opening up more options for people to find new employment.
c. AI is harmful to people – Although strong or super AI, which is intelligent enough to outsmart
people, has not yet been developed, AI is nevertheless potentially harmful to people. If it is not used
improperly, any strong technology cannot be dangerous.