Bitcoins are a well-known cryptocurrency (a digital or virtual currency) but nobody

% ! " 64-65 of 160 Go − 100%

knows who exactly created them. The person used the name Satoshi Nakamoto, so it
+ $
Listening
sounds like he (a)
Grammar in context
may have been2 (be) Japanese. However, other people are not
& Flipped classroom video
3b Complete the sentences with must, can’t or
may/might.
6 Complete the text with past modal verbs of
speculation and the verbs given.

so sure. They think that the person (b) may have used 1
Watch the Grammar Presentation video Sarah
(use) a Japanese
be learning Spanish because
she’s got a Spanish text book.
News Technology Entertainment Sport

2 She be Spanish because she’s only

Modal verbs of speculation and
' deduction – present and future
learning the language now.

pseudonym to confuse people. Journalists found a manbecause called Satoshi Nakamoto in

3 She be very good at Spanish yet
1 Look at these sentences and complete rules a–d with The mysterious
her book is for beginners.
the verbs in bold.
4 She like the number 10 or it
1 The cleaner might become very rich. be the number they gave her in a team. creator of
(c) and she’s got a gold credit card.
2 This person must have a big heart to give away money 5 She be quite well-off because her
( 1
California.
SPEAKING
At
Look at the photos and
first they
like that.
weren’t sure
3 The story may or may not end well for him.
but they thought he may have inventedbitcoins
wallet is very full
6 She have a full-time job because she’s
describe what you can see. 4 She might not discover the person’s identity. still a student.
5 It can’t be easy for him to relax. 7 She love cats. Who knows, she
2
(invent) bitcoins because
25 Listen to four news stories.
he
6 The treasure could
For each story (1–4), decide (a) who knew
be worth £5 million. about computer programming.
have a pet cat at But
home. the man denied
Bitcoins are a well-known cryptocurrency (a digital or virtual
currency) but nobody knows who exactly created them.
made the discovery, (b) where they a We use , , and Modal verbs of speculation and The person used the name Satoshi Nakamoto, so it sounds like
made it, and (c) what it was.
deduction – past he (a) (be) Japanese. However, other people
)
when there is a 50% possibility that something is or

it. The 64-year-old Satoshi claimed he (d) couldn't have4 Look

will be true. The negative forms are are not so sure. They think that the person (b)
Exam tip
Look at the next task. Before you listen,
and done
a–c (do) it because he had
at these sentences and complete rules
. We cannot use the negative form
with the verbs in bold.
(use) a Japanese pseudonym to confuse people. Journalists
found a man called Satoshi Nakamoto in California. At first they
of when there is a 50% possibility that weren’t sure but they thought he (c) (invent)
it’s a good idea to read the statements something isn’t true. 1 The owner of the coins must have been
carefully and underline any important very rich. bitcoins because he knew about computer programming.
b We use when we are 90% certain that But the man denied it. The 64-year-old Satoshi claimed he
information. When you listen, remember
been suffering from an illness
something is true.
that different speakers may use words
c We use
and didn’t
when we are 90% certain that
even know what bitcoins were until his son
2 The gold can’t have had any connection with
the war because it was produced much later.
(d) (do) it because he had been suffering from
an illness and didn’t even know what bitcoins were until his
that come in other sentences but you
something isn’t true. 3 He may/might/could have forgotten where son told him! What is clear is that, right from the beginning,
are listening for the ideas, not just the it was buried. the mysterious creator of bitcoins (e) (want)
words that express them. d When we are speculating and making deductions, the to remain anonymous because he was careful never to give
4 She mightn’t/may not have seen the gold if
told him! What is clear is that, right
opposite of must is .
from the beginning,thethe
water inmysterious
the lake hadn’t been so clear. creator of
! "
away any information about his identity. His? Who knows? It
Check it page 68 (f) (be) a woman, not a man. Or some people
3 25 Listen again. Which of the four are sure that a team of people (g) (create)
a We use , , and
stories and main characters does each bitcoins because the code was too complicated for just one
2 Choose the best alternative. when there is a 50% possibility

bitcoins (e) must have

person. One other theory is that perhaps the person or people
statement refer to?
three cars.wanted (want) to remain anonymous because he was
1 His parents might/must have a lot of money because they have that something was true but we cannot use (h) (be) working for a government. One thing
A The financial value of their discovery in the negative form with this seems sure. They (i) (make) a lot of money
is still not very clear. 1/2/3/4 meaning. from bitcoins. Some people calculate that they have bitcoins
2 She can’t/must sing very well because nobody wants to listen
B They still need to wait half a year b We use when we are 90% worth billions of dollars!
to her.
before they can receive their prize.1/2/3/4 (f) certain that something was true.
careful never to give away any information about his identity.
3 It may/must be hard to write a bestseller because not many
C They had immediate access to
people manage it. c We use His?when weWhoare 90% knows? It
the financial value of what they certain that something wasn’t true. 7 SPEAKING Look at these situations and write at
4 That can’t/mightn’t be Joe’s jacket because his is blue and this
found. 1/2/3/4 least two sentences with must have, might have,
one’s grey. Check it page 68
and can’t have to explain or comment on them.
D The discovery happened during
may have been (be) a woman, not a man. Or someand correctpeople aresentences.
sure that a team
5 She’s seen that band five times. She can’t/must really like them.
their holidays. 1/2/3/4 5 Find the mistakes in these 1 Sandra always rides her bike very carefully but
6 It’s unusual that the teacher hasn’t arrived yet. She can’t/may not yesterday she had an accident.
E They are very interested in 1 You must have saw Liam. He was here just a second
be well, or perhaps she had a problem on the way here.
discovering where the financial ago. 2 Joe is usually very easy-going but yesterday he was
prize they received came from. 1/2/3/4 7 My parents might/must let me stay out on Saturday night or furious.

of people (g) must have created

they can’t/may not. I don’t really know because I’ve never asked 2 Let’s not buy her that book. I’m not sure but I think
F Their discovery was lucky but not
only a question of luck. 1/2/3/4
them before. (create) bitcoins 3because the code was too
she might read it already.
You can’t finish watching that film already. It lasts two
3 My uncle didn’t use to be rich but now he’s got a
really expensive sports car.
G There is no real theory now why hours and you only started half an hour ago! 4 My sister is not usually very good at maths but she
3a Look at these objects from the bag of a girl called Sarah. What
the prize was where it was found. 1/2/3/4 can you guess about Sarah? Use must, can’t or may/might. got full marks in her last exam.
4 You look full of energy. You must have a good rest
complicated for just one person. One other theory is 5that
H They are going to do something
to show appreciation for their perhaps the person5 Paula
Somebody’s taken my physics text book. It must
orit.used to love chocolate but now she never
eats
last night.

good luck. 1/2/3/4 have been Kim because she doesn’t study science. 6 The last time I saw my cousin she couldn’t speak a
word of English but now she’s really fluent.
6 I think Joel might seen that film last week.
4 Critical thinkers
In your opinion, should people My answers 7 Sam hasn’t replied to my message. She mightn’t had
received it.
8
Use it … don’t lose it!
SPEAKING Compare your ideas in 7 with
who find treasure be able to 8 The exam mustn’t have been very hard because
keep it? the rest of the class and choose the best
everybody got ten out of ten. sentence for each situation.
What makes you say that?
Reach higher page 138
Activity 6 64 Unit 5 Unit 5 65