afeqturi (emociuri) sferos paTologia

emocia – (laT: `aRelveba~) aris adamianis obieqturi sinamdvilisa da sakuTari Tavisadmi

damokidebulebis gancda, dakmayofileba da daukmayofilebloba sakuTari qmedebebiT.
martivi grZnobebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelTa drosac adgili aqvs calkeul SegrZnebebsa
da STabeWdilebebze reaqciebs, emocia ufro rTuli, gacilebiT meti xangrZlivobis
grZnobiTi aqtia. mas safuZvlad udevs sxvadasxva sagnis, movlenisa da yofiTi ambis
Sesaxeb mravalferovani STabeWdilebebi.
arCeven sxvadasxva saxis emociebs:
biologiurs, romelic filogenezurad ufro Zvelia, elementarulia (qerqqveSa kvanZebi,
Talamusi) – dakavSirebulia adamianis sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebasa da
daukmayofileblobasTan (SimSili, wyurvili, sqesobrivi ltolva da a.S) da umaRless
filogenezurad ufro axals, mxolod adamianisTvis damaxasiaTebels (Tavis tvinis qerqi) _
dakavSirebuls sulieri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebasa da daukmayofileblobasTan
(socialuri,, SemecnebiTi, zneobrivi, esTetikuri da a.S.). emociebi adamianis erT-erTi
yvelaze Zveli fsiqikuri funqciaa. bevri emociuri reaqcia (gansak. instiqturi) adamianma
miiRo Tavisi cxoveluri bunebidan. cxovelebis msgavsad, adamianSic, emociebs met-
naklebad Tan axlavs vegetatiuri reaqciebi, mg: SiSis dros kani xdeba fermkrTali, Cndeba
`batis kani~, Cqardeba guliscema, iwyeba kidurebis kankali da a.S.
amdenad, emociebi mWidrod arian dakavSirebulni organizmis sasicocxlo
funqciebTan, apirobeben adamianis qcevas, mis inteleqtualur moqmedebas da
moTxovnaTa dakmayofilebas. emociuri gancdebi monawileoben pirovnebis formirebaSi.
emociebi sxvadasxvagvaria: maT SeiZleba hqondes dadebiTi* (kmayofileba,
TviTkmayofileba, simpaTia, usafrTxoebis gancda) an uaryofiTi xasiaTi (SfoTi, wyena,
Seuracxyofis gancda). Tumca, emociuri damokidebuleba SeiZleba iyos შერეული
ბუნების (gakvirveba, cnobismoyvareoba, Secbuneba).
ემოციებს ანსხვავებენ ინტენსივობის მიხედვით:
guneba-ganwyoba mcire intensivobis da didi xangrZlivobis
emociuri gancdaa da is dRis ganmavlobaSi miRebuli STabeWdilebebisa

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da fizikuri TviTgrZnobis safuZvelze yalibdeba. es aris SedarebiT
stabiluri emociuri mdgomareoba.
afeqti guneba-ganwyobis emociur fonTan SedarebiT meti intensivobisa da
daZabulobis mqone grZnobiTi gancdaa, Tumca SedarebiT xanmokle drois manZilze
grZeldeba. afeqti, rogorc mZlavri gancda, adamianSi iwvevs did fsiqikur da fiziologiur
Zvrebs da aiZulebs pirovnebas Caidinos misaTvis uCveulo saqcieli. iseve, rogorc
zogadad emocia, afeqtic tonis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos sTeniuri (dadebiTi tonis Zlieri
gancda, mag. aRtaceba, sixaruli, eqstazi), asTeniuri (uaryofiTi tonis Zlieri gancda, mag.
SiSi, elda, boRma), Sereuli, romelsac aqvs rogorc sTeniuri, ise asTeniuri afeqtis niSani
(mag. mouTmenloba, lodini, mrisxaneba).
mniSvnelovania gavarCioT afeqtis fiziologiuri da paTologiuri saxeebi.
fiziologiuri afeqti xasiaTdeba emociuri gancdis adekvaturobiT, naTeli cnobierebis
fonze kritikisa da kontrolis unaris SenarCunebiT – ris gamoc pirovneba pasuxs agebs
afeqtSi Cadenil qmedebebze da Seracxadad iTvleba. afeqturi reaqcia sruldeba reaqtiuli
sisustiT da momxdar faqtebze mogonebebis SenarCunebiT.
paTologiuri afeqti – viTardeba cnobierebis Secvlis fonze (misi Seviwroebidan –
bindisebr mdgomareobamde). xasiaTdeba gamomwvev mizezebTan SeuTavsebeli,
araadekvaturi reaqciiT. emociuri gancda SedarebiT Zlieria, qcevebi uazro sisastikiT
gamoirCeva. admians ar xelewifeba sakuTar qcevaSi koreqciis Setana, ver acnobierebs
Cadenil qmedebas da iTvleba Seuracxadad. paTologiuri afeqti mTavrdeba Rrma ZiliT da
axasiaTebs momxdari movlenebis mimarT sruli amnezia. fiziologiursa da paTologiur
afeqtebs Soris ZiriTadi ganmasxvavebeli diagnostikuri kriteriumi aris cnobierebis Secvla,
rac damaxasiaTebelia paTologiuri afeqtebisaTvis da aris am mdgomareobaSi myofi
adamianebis Seuracxadobis safuZveli.
emociuri darRvevebi diferencirdeba guneba-ganwyobis awevis (hiperTimia), guneba-
ganwyobis dawevis (hipoTimia), emociuri Sefasebis gaukuRmarTebis (paraTimia) da
ganurCevlobis (apaTia) mixedviT: hiperTimias ganekuTvneba.
eiforia – mogvagonebs SezarxoSebuli adamianis moqmedebas _ mxiaruleba,
uxvsityvaoba, oxunjoba. gare samyaro mxolod `vardisfer ferebSia~ aRqmuli. zeaweuli
udardeli guneba-ganwyoba da netarebis SegrZneba. ukritikod afasebs sakuTar, xSirad
sakmaod rTul avadmyofur mdgomareobas. SeiniSneba usafuZvlo optimizmi.

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 moria (berZn. moria – sisulele) _ paTologiuri, zeaweuli guneb-ganwyoba, romlsac
Tan erTvis motoruli agzneba, udardeloba, oxunjoba, midrekileba uxamsi xumrobisa da
kalamburebisaken. xasiaTdeba aseve ltolvebis TavSeukaveblobiT, eiforiiT da amoraluri
qcevebisaken midrekilebiT. ZiriTadad vlindeba Tavis tvinis Sublis wilis dazianebis dros.
eqstazi (berZn. ekstasis _ aRtyineba, aRtaceba) _ aRtyinebisa da gasxivosnebis
gancda, romelsac xSirad Tan erTvis cnobierebis ioli dabindva.
maniakaluri mdgomareoba hiperTimiis erT-erTi ZiriTadi saxea.
klasikuri maniakaluri sindromi xasiaTdeba simptomTa triadiT: (aweuli guneba-
ganwyoba, fsiqikuri procesebis _ azrovnebis, metyvelebis _ aCqareba da fsiqomotoruli
agzneba) avadmyofebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia zRvardaudebeli mxiaruleba, yuradRebis
gafantuloba, zedapiruli azrovneba, optimisturi damokidebuleba awmyosa da
momavlisadmi. avadmyofebi ganicdian ZalaTa mozRvavebas, simxneves, ar ician, ra aris
daRla. aTas saqmes arian modebulni da arcerTi mihyavT bolomde, uazrod da
uangariSod xarjaven fuls, samsaxurSi aramkiTxed erevian TanamSromlebisa da
ufrosebis saqmeebSi da a.S.
inteleqtualuri agzneba vlindeba aCqarebuli azrovnebiT, gamoirCevian
uxvsityvaobiT, gauTaveblad qaqaneben, mRerian, enamzeoben. xSirad ewyebaT `ideaTa
jiriTi~ – erTi daumTavrebeli azridan meoreze gadaxtoma. intonacia, rogorc wesi,
paTetikuria, Teatraluri. garemoSi mimdinare yvela movlena Tanabrad iwvevs maT
interess, magram yuradRebis koncentracia ar xdeba arcerTze. sakuTari pirovnebis
Sefaseba hipertrofirebulia: xSirad aRmoaCenen Tavis TavSi poetis, msaxiobis, mecnieris
gansakuTrebul niWsa da unars an Tavs asaReben aseT adamianad; gamoiyurebian
gaaxalgazrdavebulad – Semcirebuli aqvT Zilis xangrZlivoba, mometebuli aqvT Wamis
mada da seqsualuroba, rac vlindeba sruliad ucnob pirebTan urTierTobaSic ki – urcxv
bRlarZunSi, erotiul saubrebSi da anekdotebSi.
hipoTimias ganekuTvneba:
fsiqikuri anesTezia – aRiniSneba depresiis SemTxvevaSi. es aris ugrZnoblobis
mtanjveli gancda. pacients tanjavs is, rom igi verc sixaruls verc mwuxarebas ver
ganicdis.
guneba-ganwyobis daqveiTeba anu depresia _ melanqoliuri, daweuli, sevdiani
ganwyobilebaa. garemo samyaro Savbnel ferebSi exatebaT, warsuli aRiqmeba rogorc

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Secdomebis da codvaTa jaWvi. daqveiTebulia mada da darRveulia Zili. awmyo da
momavali samoqmedo gegmebis dasaxvis survils ar aRuZravs, arafers moaqvs maTTvis
sixaruli da xalisi.
SeiZleba guneba-ganwyobis daqveiTebis dros depresiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
yvela niSani SedarebiT sustad iyos gamoxatuli. aseT mdgomareobas subdepresias
uwodeben. zog SemTxvevaSi wina planze gamodis vegetatiuri darRvevebi, usiamovno
SegrZnebebi sxeulis sxvadasxva nawilSi, romlebic faraven, `Slian~ klinikur suraTs, rac
arTulebs diagnostikas. am SemTxvevaSi laparakoben farul anu latentur depresiaze.
depresiis dros gansakuTrebulad aRsaniSnavi movlenaa midrekileba suicidisaken
(TviTmkvlelobisaken), rac sagangebo yuradRebas saWiroebs avadmyofis
garSemomyofTa mxridan.
SfoTva afeqtia, romelic aRmocenebulia gaurkveveli saSiSroebis, movlenis
arakeTilsaimedo ganviTarebis Sinagan gancdaSi, molodinSi. SfoTvis afeqti aiZulebs
adamians, eZebos SesaZlo saSiSroebis wyaro. SfoTva SeiZleba emsaxurebodes mizans,
Seamzados pirovneba aracnobieri konfliqtis SedegebisaTvis. pirovnuli me (`ego~)
iwvevs aracnobier dacviT operaciebs, raTa Tavidan aicilos cnobierisaTvis miuRebeli,
instiqturi survilebi.
paraTimia – emociuri reagirebis gaukuRmarTebaa. guneba-ganwyobis
darRvevaTa am jgufs miekuTvneba:
disforia (berZ. disforia _ gaRizianeba, wyena) _ xasiaTdeba pirquSi, gaRizianebuli
da boRmiani guneba-ganwyobiT. SeiZleba gagrZeldes ramdenime wuTidan ramdenime
dRemde. xSiria afeqturi afeTqebebi, agresiuli gamovlinebani.
sustsulovneba (rus. малодушие) – grZnobaTa aCvileba anu paTologiuri
gulCviloba. sulieri procesebi moklebulia siRrmes da amitom advilad icvleba guneba-
ganwyoba, avadmyofebi uceb atirdebian xolme, magram sakmarisia maTi gamxneveba,
rom tirils uceb Secvlis sicili da mxiaruleba.
zemoT Cvens mier xsenebul ambivalentobas axasiaTebs ori urTierTgamomricxavi
emociis erTdrouli Tanaarseboba: mag. avadmyofs uyvars deda, mouTmenlad elis mis
mosvlas, magram Sexvedraze uars ambobs da ar iRebs dedis mier motanil sakvebs.
apaTia (berZ. apathia _ ugrZnobloba) – emociur-nebiTi sferos aSlilobaa. misTvis
damaxasiaTebelia emociuri gamovlinebis unaris dakargva, moduneba, sakuTari Tavis,

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axloblebisa da movlenebisadmi ganurCevloba, sasicocxlo survilebis dakargva,
umoqmedoba. avadmyofebi kargaven interess garemos mimarT, xdebian usufTaoni da
mouwesrigebelni, azrovnebis unari rCebaT, moqmedebis survili erTmevaT. apaTiis
abuliasTan (stimulebis dakargva, gaqroba) Serwymisas laparakoben apaTiur-abuliur
sindromze.
emociuri gauxeSeba _ dakargulia yvelaze natifi, diferencirebuli emociuri reaqciis unari;
qreba delikaturoba, TanagrZnobis unari, Tavs iCens naklebceremoniuloba, Camciebloba.
axasiaTebs alkoholizms, aTeroskleroziT gamowveul pirovnul cvlilebebs.
emociuri siClunge _ axasiaTebs emociuri reaqciebis gamoxatulebis da kontaqtebis
Sesusteba, gancdebis gaRaribeba, emociuri sicive.