8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS

CONDITIONALS (1)
(Câu điều kiện)

First Conditional (Câu điều kiện loại 1)

If - clause main clause
If + Chủ ngữ + Vhiện tại đơn Chủ ngữ + will + Vnguyên thể
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
If he doesn’t study harder, he will fail the final exam.
(*) Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để diễn tả những điều kiện và hệ quả có thể xảy ra
trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Hoặc được dùng để đưa ra gợi ý, đề nghị.
(*) Trong một số trường hợp, có thể sử dụng hiện tại tiếp diễn hoặc hiện tại hoàn
thành trong mệnh đề có chứa “If”.
Ví dụ: If you are working till 6.30pm, we will have dinner at about 7.30pm.
I will do the washing-up if you have finished your meal.
(*) Ngoài “will”, có thể sử dụng một số động từ khuyết thiếu khác thay thế như: can,
might, should tùy theo ngữ cảnh.
Ví dụ: If you take this medicine, you might feel better tomorrow.
If you want to go to the zoo, I can take you there.
If Peter is going to a job interview, he should wear a suit.
(*) Câu điều kiện loại 0 (Zero conditional): Trong câu điều kiện loại 0, hiện tại đơn
được dùng ở cả 2 vế câu. Thường dùng để diễn tả những điều kiện và hệ quả luôn
đúng.
Ví dụ: If you heat water, it boils.
If you put ice under the sun, it melts.
(*) Để diễn đạt một hướng dẫn, đề nghị, yêu cầu…, đôi khi mệnh đề chính sẽ ở dưới
dạng động từ nguyên thể, không đi kèm chủ ngữ.
Ví dụ: If you want to start the computer, press the red button.
(*) “Unless” = “If … not…”.
Ví dụ: I will be there at six if I don’t get delayed.
= I will be there at six unless I get delayed.
1
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
PRACTICE EXERCISES
Bài 1. Nhìn vào các bức tranh sau và viết các câu sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 0 với các từ gợi ý.
1. you / heat / water / it / boil
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
2. you / send / an e-mail / it / free
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….

3. it / be / dangerous / you / not wear / a seatbelt

…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….

4. you / have / an injection / it / not / usually / hurt

…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
5. you / not / water / plants and flowers / they / die
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….

6. the sea / not / be / calm / not / be / safe / to swim

…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….

Bài 2. Chọn phương án trả lời đúng nhất.

1. Dr Lee doesn't / can't see you today if you don't / won't have an appointment.
2. If we walk / ’ll walk faster, we get / 'll get to the cinema on time.
3. If you go / ’ll go to the supermarket, buy / you buy some milk.

2
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
4. They get / won't get lost if they take / will take a map with them.
5. If you see / will see a snake, you don't / mustn’t touch it!
6. Don't / You don't tell John where I am if he asks / 'll ask you.
7. We catch / 'll catch the last bus home if we hurry / ’ll hurry.
8. If he doesn't tell / not tell her the truth, she might be / is very angry.
9. I call / will call you if the train arrives / will arrive late.

Bài 3. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc (câu điều kiện loại 1)
1. If we_______________(send) an invitation, our friends____________________(come) to our party.
2. He____________________(not/ understand) you if you ____________________ (whisper).
3. They____________________(not/ survive) in the desert if they____________________(not/ take)
extra water with them.
4. If you____________________(press) CTRL+S, you____________________(save) the file.
5. You____________________(cross) the Channel if you______________(fly) from Paris to London.
6. Fred____________________(answer) the phone if his wife____________________ (have) a bath.
7. If Claire__________________(wear) this dress at the party, our guests____________________(not/
stay) any longer.
8. If I____________________(touch) this snake, my girlfriend____________________(scream).
9. She____________________(forget) to pick you up if you ____________________ (not/phone) her.
10. I____________________(remember) you if you____________________(give) me a photo.

Bài 4. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc để hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại sau.
Sally: Do you think Tina will be OK in Paris?
Tim: I’m sure she (0)____will be___ (be) happy if she (1 )_________________________(make) friends
quickly and if she (2) _________________________ (feel) lonely at first, she (3)
_________________________ (can / phone) us.
Dan: She’s going soon. If we (4) _________________________ (not organize) a party now, it
(5) _________________________ (might / be) too late.
Mark: She (6)_______________________ (be) disappointed if she (7)_________________________
(not get) a present from us. If we all (8) _________________________ (give) some money, we (9)
_________________________ (can / get) something nice.
Sally: If you (10)_________________________ (see) her, (11)_________________________(ask) her
if there’s anything that she needs, but (12 )________________________(not mention) the party. Then
it’ll be a surprise!

Bài 5. Mỗi câu sau đây đều chứa lỗi sai. Hãy tìm và sửa lại cho đúng.
3
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
1. If we will go shopping tomorrow, I’ll probably buy a new top. _________go__________
2. If mum is tired tonight, I cook the dinner. _____________________
3. John will tell us if there will be any news. _____________________
4. If I won’t get a good mark in the geography test, I’ll be very annoyed! _____________________
5. You are tired in the morning if you don’t go to bed soon. _____________________
6. If you see Karen, do you ask her to call me? _____________________
7. Does Frank come with us if we go to the beach at the weekend? _____________________
8. If you need help, will tell me! _____________________

Bài 6. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. If I (do) _____________________ well in the exam, my parents will buy me an MP3 player.
2. If my sister takes my clothes again, I (tell) _____________________ mum.
3. We'll leave at six o'clock if the weather (be) _____________________ bad.
4. They (not / mind) _____________________ if we're a bit late this afternoon.
5. Sarah will be very annoyed if Dave (not / call) _____________________ her this evening.
6. Will you still go to the concert if the tickets (cost) _____________________ 60 euros?
7. If Rania doesn't come to the party, (Greg / be) _____________________ upset?
8. I'll be surprised if Doug and Dana (not / get) _____________________ a new car soon.

Bài 7. Hoàn thành câu với if hoặc unless

0. I won’t go to university this year __unless___ I can study medicine. I won’t be able to study medicine
(1)_____________________ I get good exam results. (2)_____________________ I don’t get good
results, I’ll take my exams again next year. I’ll have time to travel abroad (3)_____________________
I don’t go to university. But (4)_____________________ I work this summer, I won’t have enough
money to go travelling. I won’t find a summer job (5)_____________________ I start looking for one
soon. (6)_____________________ I contact my uncle, he might give me a job in his company. My uncle
won’t give me a job (7)_____________________ I do well at school. But (8)___________________ I
do well at school, I’ll have good exam results and I won’t need a job!

Bài 8. Sắp xếp các từ xáo trộn thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
0. I / get into / the concert / if / I / not buy / a ticket in advance?
Will I get into the concert if I don't buy a ticket in advance?
1. if / I / phone / you at six o’clock / you / be / at home?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. what / we / do / if / the restaurant / not serve / vegetarian food?
______________________________________________________________________________
4
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
3. Jean / be / angry / if / we / not arrive / on time?
______________________________________________________________________________
4. if / I / get / a laptop / where / I / should / buy / it?
______________________________________________________________________________
5. who / you / go / on holiday with / if / you / win / the competition?
______________________________________________________________________________
6. if / you / go away / this weekend / I / can / have / a party in the flat?
______________________________________________________________________________

Bài 9. Chọn đáp án đúng

1. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, ..……this incident again.
A. I will never mention B. I never mention
C. will I never mention D. I don’t mention
2. Unless you ……all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering
3. If someone ……in to the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A. comes B. came C. would come D. could come
4. “Here’s my phone number”.
“Thanks. I ‘ll give you a call if I ……. some help tomorrow”.
A. will need B. need C. would need D. needed
5. If it……convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight,
A. be B. is C. was D. were
6. If you……time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
7. If I ……. get a rod, I will go fishing.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
8. Trees won’t grow……. there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
9. Come and work for my company if you……. better to do.
A. have nothing B. will have nothing C. had something D. had nothing
10. If it……… tomorrow, we may cancel the camping.
A. rains B. will rain C. shall rain D. raining

Bài 10. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc để hoàn thiện câu.
1. ___________we____________ dinner if we arrive so late? (have)
2. In case you _________________________ the piano, how will you practice? (sell)
5
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
3. Sue will be unhappy if she _________________________any present. (not get)
4. I can lend you some money on condition that you _________________________it back soon. (give)
5. How ____________you___________ me know if you don't take you mobile phone with you? (let)
6. Even if I _________________________ to talk to him, he won't listen. (try)
7. It won't be possible unless they _________________________ us. (support)
8. If you _________________________ a bath, there will be no hot water left. (have)
9. She won't be slim if she _________________________eating so much chocolate. (not stop)
10. The tea ____________________strong enough in case you don't use three teabags. (not be)

Bài 11. Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
1. I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.
Unless______________________________________________________________________
2. In the snowy weather we don’t go to school.
If___________________________________________________________________________
3. Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you some sweets.
 If__________________________________________________________________________
4. If the painting is finished by Saturday, we’ll pay you extra.
Finish______________________________________________________________________
5. Getting up early makes me feel hungry.
 If_________________________________________________________________________
6. Frozen food can be bad for you unless you cook it very well.
Frozen food can be bad for you if_________________________________________________
7. That plant will die if she doesn’t water it more often.
That plant will die unless________________________________________________________

Bài 12. Hãy dùng cấu trúc điều kiện loại 1 với will/can để viết lại các tình huống sau.
► It might rain. If it does, everyone can eat inside.
If it rains, everyone can eat inside.
► The children mustn’t go near Nick’s dog. It’ll bite them.
If the children go near Nick’s dog, it’ll bite them
1. Rachel might fail her driving test. But she can take it again.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. United might lose. If they do, Tom will be upset.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. The office may be closed. In that case Mark won't be able to get in.
______________________________________________________________________________
6
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
4. Nick may arrive a bit early. If he does, he can help Tom to get things ready.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. The party might go on all night. If it does, no one will want to do any work tomorrow.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Emma may miss the train. But she can get the next one.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Is Matthew going to enter the race? He'll probably win it.
______________________________________________________________________________

Bài 13. Nối các vế câu sử dụng IF và câu điều kiện loại 0.
► You lose your credit card. I can't sleep.
1. You get promoted. You get a warning letter.
2. I drink coffee late at night. You have to ring the bank.
3. You don't pay the bill. Your safety goes up.
4. I try to run fast. The alarm goes off.
5. Someone enters the building. I get out of breath.

► If you lose your credit card, you have to ring the bank.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________

Bài 14. Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
1. If we don’t leave now, we will miss the plane.
Unless ___we leave now, we will miss the plane_________.
2 I will give you a present, if you get good marks.
Unless ___you get good marks, I won’t give you a present____.
3. Our gardener won’t cut the grass if it rains tomorrow.
Unless ______________________________________________________________.
4. If we do the homework, our teacher will be pleased.
Unless ______________________________________________________________.
5. Unless you hurry, you won’t arrive on time.
If __________________________________________________________________.

7
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
6. Unless it rains, we will go camping.
If __________________________________________________________________.
7. If their friends don’t have a spare room, they will stay in a hotel.
Unless ______________________________________________________________.
8. I will forget to post the letter if you don’t remind me.
Unless ______________________________________________________________.
9. If you don’t exercise, you will get fat.
Unless ______________________________________________________________.
10. Unless she books the tickets, she won’t go to the concert.
If __________________________________________________________________.
11. If she doesn’t apologize, I will never speak to her again.
Unless ______________________________________________________________.
12. I will call the police if they don’t stop fighting.
Unless ______________________________________________________________.

Bài 15. Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 với If.
1. Recycle and we’ll save natural resources.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Be careful or you will fall over the rocks.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Working too much can make you feel tired.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Don’t be careless or you’ll break the vase.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Ha can pass the exam, she has to work hard.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. He can do a part to save the environment by buying recycled products.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Putting garbage into the bins is one answer to minimize pollution.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. We should take the map with us or we will lose our way on the street.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Ellen can borrow that book, but she must give it back next week.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The authorities are thinking of raising the petrol prices. I will have to cycle to work.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
Bài 16. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc theo cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 1.
1. If you __________________ (help) me, I __________________ (help) you.
2. If they ___________________ (catch) the bus, they __________________ (arrive) on time.
3. If my parents ____________________ (support) me, I _________________ (be) a better person.
4. If it _____________________ (rain), I ____________________ (get) wet.
5. Sally and Elizabeth ____________________ (go) out tonight if their parents
____________________ (allow) it.
6. They ___________________ (visit) Eiffel Tower if they __________________ (go) to France.
7. If I ___________________ (pass) the entrance exam, my parents _____________________ (give)
me a gift. If I _______________________ (not/pass) that exam, my parents
______________________ (be) very disappointed.
8. If the cable TV ____________________ (not/work), we ____________________ (rent) a DVD.
9. If the baby ______________________ (not/eat), we _____________________ (see) the doctor.
10. If the T-shirt _______________________ (suit) me, I ______________________ (buy) it.
11. If you _________________ (continue) on a diet, you _________________ (get) sick.
12. If you ________________ (be) a good listener, you _______________ (have) many friends.
13. If you _________________ (not/be) careful, you ________________ (break) the machine.
14. If she _______________ (not / be) careful, she _______________ (not/have) enough money left.
15. If you __________________ (get) enough sleep, you _____________ (feel) healthier.
16. My grandparents ____________ (give) me a hug if I ______________ (visit) them.
17. If you _______________ (not/be) careful, you _______________ (fall).
18. If she _______________ (eat) that sauce, she ________________ (be) sick.
19. If they _____________________ (not/behave) well, their parents _______________________
(punish) them.
20. She ______________ (go) on a trip if she ______________ (have) some days off in August.
21. I ______________ (get) thirsty if I _________________ (not/drink) more water.
22. If it _____________ (be) too hot, I _______________ (turn on) the air conditioner.
23. You ______________ (understand) conditional sentences if you ______________ (practise)
carefully.

CONDITIONALS (2)
9
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
(Câu điều kiện)
Second Conditional (Câu điều kiện loại 2)
If - clause main clause
If + Chủ ngữ + Vquá khứ đơn Chủ ngữ + would + Vnguyên thể
If today were Sunday, we would go to the movie.
If he didn’t go to work today, he would take his son to the zoo.

(*) Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả những điều kiện và hệ quả không có khả
năng xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Câu điều kiện loại 2 cũng thường được
sử dụng để đưa ra lời khuyên. (If I were you, …)
(*) was or were?
Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, động từ “be” được chia là “were” với mọi chủ ngữ.
Ví dụ: If today were Sunday, we would go to the movie.
If my legs were longer, I would be a much faster runner.

PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer using the second conditional
1. A: I’ve got a problem. John lent me his MP3 player and I’ve lost it. What (1) did / would you do if
you (2) were/ would be me?
B: I (3) bought /would buy him a new one.
A: What about you, Danny? (4) Would / Did you buy him a new one?
C: No, I (5) didn't/ wouldn't. I (6) told / would tell him what happened and wait to see what he said
first.
2. A: If you (7) found /would find a wallet in the street, what (8) did / would you do?
B: If it (9) had/ would have identification in it, I (10) took /would take it to the police.
A: And if it (11) didn't/ wouldn't have any, (12) did / would you keep the money?
B: Yes, I (13) did / would. Why do you ask?
A: I’ve just found one and I don’t know what to do.

Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets, using the second conditional
10
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
1. What would you do if you had more free time?
- If I had more free time, I ______________________my room. (tidy)
2. Where would you spend your holiday provided that a sponsor paid for it?
- Provided that someone ______________________ me the money, I'd travel round the world. (give)
3. If you didn't learn English, would you study any other language?
- If I didn't learn English, I ______________________ studying Spanish or French. (try)
4. Where would you go at the weekend, if you weren't so busy?
- If I ______________________ some time to spare, I'd visit a museum or an art gallery. (have)
5. If you found a stranger in your bedroom, how would you react?
- Oh, I don't know what I ______________________ if I found someone in my bedroom. (do)
6. If you didn't like your teachers, would you tell them?
- Are you joking? If I ______________________ my teachers, I'd never tell them. (can't stand)
7. What kind of business would you start if you had fifty thousand dollars?
- I ______________________ any business, I'd give the money to charity! (not set up)
8. If your best friend didn't give you any birthday present, would you give a present to him?
- If he __________________ about it, I'd definitely give him some present. He's my best friend! (forget)

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences, using the second conditional

1. If ______________________ (I / know) his number, I would phone him.
2. ______________________ (I /not / buy) that coat if I were you.
3. ______________________ (I / help) you if I could, but I'm afraid I can't.
4. We don't need a car at present, but we would need a car if______________________ (we / live) in
the country.
5. If we had the choice, ______________________ (we/ live) in the country.
6. This soup isn't very good. ______________________ (it / taste) better if it wasn't so salty.
7. I wouldn't mind living in England if the weather______________________ (be) better.
8. If I were you, ______________________ (I /not / wait), ____________________ (I /go) now.
9. You're always tired. If ______________________ (you / not / go) to bed so late every night, you
wouldn't be tired all the time.
10. I think there are too many cars. If______________________ (there/not/be) so many cars,
______________________ (there/not/be) so much pollution.

Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences, using the second conditional

Example: My car is out of order. I won't drive you there.
11
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
If my car weren’t out of order, I would drive you there.
1. I don't know his address. I can't contact him.
 If I ______________________ it, I ______________________ him.
2. He is ill. He can't go skiing.
 If he ______________________ill, he______________________ skiing.
3. He doesn't like tomatoes. He won't eat the salad.
 If he ______________________ tomatoes, he______________________ the salad.
4. We don't have enough room in our house. You can't stay with us.
 If we ___________________ enough room in our house, you ___________________ with us.
5. You aren't lucky. You will not win.
 If you ______________________lucky, you______________________
6. I am eighteen. I can vote.
 If I ______________________ eighteen, I______________________
7. Go to Corfu. You may like it.
 If you ______________________ to Corfu, you ______________________ it.
8. Don't be panic. You'll manage it.
 If__________________________________________________________________
9. I can't meet you tomorrow- I have to work late.
 If__________________________________________________________________
10. It would be nice to have lunch outside but it's raining, so we can't.
 We__________________________________________________________________
Exercise 5: Complete the 2nd sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
1. Sylvia doesn’t have enough money, so she can’t buy a new computer.
 If Sylvia ____________________________________________________________
2. The twins don’t see their friends often because they’re very busy.
 If the twins ____________________________________________________________
3. I don’t live in a city, so there’s not much to do in the evening.
 If I ____________________________________________________________
4. Ted’s grandma won’t get a dog because she lives in a small flat.
 If Ted’s grandma ____________________________________________________________
5. You use your mobile a lot, so you have large phone bills.
 If you ____________________________________________________________
6. I think you should tell your parents the truth.
 If I ____________________________________________________________
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer
1. I would work a lot harder if I was/ were you.
12
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
2. If it is / will be fine tomorrow, we go / will go to the coast.
3. If I were in your position, I will / would get legal advice.
4. If she lived / could live anywhere she wanted to, she’d live in Paris.
5. If you help / helped me with this exercise, I will do / would do the same for you one day.
6. According to the timetable, if the train leaves / left on time, we will / would arrive at 5.30
7. If they asked / to ask me for my opinion, I’d advise them to reconsider their decision.
8. If we find / found a taxi, we will get / would get there before the play starts.
9. If they offered / offer you the job, would you accept it?
10. If I were/ am free, I would spend time with you.
11. If I were / would be 10 years younger, I’d go out with him.
12. If they had enough money, they would buy/ bought this new house tomorrow.
13. I wouldn’t be telling you this if I thought / would think you were going to repeat it.
14. She might win/ won 1st prize if she entered the competition.
15. If I do/did well in the exam, my parents will/ would buy me an i-pad.

Exercise 7: Underline the most suitable verb forms in each sentence.

a) If the machine stops / will stop, you press / will press this button.
b) I can't understand what he sees in her! If anyone treats/will treat/treated me like that, I am/will
be/would be extremely angry!
c) If you help/helped me with this exercise, I will/would do the same for you one day.
d) According to the timetable, if the train leaves/left on time, we will/would arrive at 5.30.
e) If it is/will be fine tomorrow, we go/will go to the coast.
f) If we find/found a taxi, we will get/would get there before the play starts.
g) It’s quite simple really. If you take/will take/took these tablets every day, then you lose/will
lose/lost/would lose weight.
h) I don't like this flat. I think I am/will be/would be happier if I live/will live/would live/lived in a
house in the country.
i) I don't know how to play baseball, but I’m sure that if I will do/did, I play/will play/would play a lot
better than anyone in this awful team!
j) If I phone/will phone/phoned you tonight, are you/will you be/would you be in?

CONDITIONALS (3)
(Câu điều kiện)
13
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
Third Conditional (Câu điều kiện loại 3)
If - clause main clause
If + Chủ ngữ + had + P2 Chủ ngữ + would + have + P2
If she had studied more, she would have passed the final exams.
If he hadn’t helped me yesterday, I wouldn’t have carried all these books.

(*) Câu điều kiện loại 3 dùng để diễn tả những điều kiện và hệ quả không có khả
năng xảy ra trong quá khứ.
(*) Trong câu điều kiện loại 3, could, might cũng có thể được dùng thay thế cho would
trong mệnh đề chính.

PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Read the sentences and answer Yes/No to the following statements.
1. If Charles had had enough money, he’d have bought the CD.
- Did Charles have enough money? Yes / No
- Did he buy the CD? Yes / No
2. Cilla would have called Andrea if she’d taken her mobile with her.
- Did Cilla call Andrea? Yes / No
- Did she take her mobile with her? Yes / No
3. If we hadn’t been late, we’d have seen the start of the film.
- Were they late? Yes / No
- Did they see the start of the film? Yes / No
4. Paul wouldn’t have made a mistake if he’d listened to Lee.
- Did Paul make a mistake? Yes / No
- Did Paul listen to Lee? Yes / No
5. Jo wouldn’t have gone to the party if she hadn’t been invited.
- Did Jo come to the party? Yes / No
- Was Jo invited to the party? Yes / No
6. Tom would have forgotten his keys if Lisa hadn’t reminded him.
- Did Tom forget his keys? Yes / No
- Did Lisa remind him about his keys? Yes / No
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences
1. If you __________________ (tell) me you were going to the beach, I’d have come with you.
14
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
2. If Dan had missed the plane, he __________________ (be) very annoyed.
3. I’d have got you a present if I __________________ (know) it was your birthday.
4. We __________________ (not get) lost if we’d taken a map with us.
5. If the car __________________ (not break down), I wouldn’t have been late.
6. If you __________________ (not help) me, I wouldn’t have finished in time.
7. If Baz __________________ (not show) you what to do, what __________________ (you/do)?

Exercise 3: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
beginning as shown.
1. It wasn’t cold, so we didn’t light a fire.
 If it ____________________________________________________________
2. John didn’t come, so we didn’t do any painting.
 If John ____________________________________________________________
3. Claire didn’t buy any clothes because she didn’t see anything she liked.
 If Claire ____________________________________________________________
4. The audience laughed because the joke was very funny.
 The audience ____________________________________________________________
5. We decided to leave because it was really noisy.
 We wouldn’t ____________________________________________________________

Exercise 4. Look at the pictures and complete sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs below.
You may have to use some negative forms.

1. If Kevin hadn’t just got a text message, he _____________________________ at his mobile phone.
2. If he ____________________ at his mobile phone, he _____________________________ the
banana skin.
3. If someone _____________________________ the banana skin earlier, it wouldn’t have been there.
4. If Kevin ______________________ the banana skin, he wouldn’t ____________________ on it.
5. If he hadn’t _____________________________ on it, he _____________________________.
15
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
6. If he hadn’t _______________________ over, he ________________________ his mobile.
7. If he hadn’t broken his mobile, he _____________________________ to the text message.

Exercise 5: Read the story and complete the sentences.

Vida loved to keep fit. Whenever she could, she
went to the gym after work. But one evening,
Vida got home late. ‘It's too late to go to the gym
now.’ she said to herself. ‘I'll just watch TV
instead.’
She made herself a nice, fresh, healthy salad and
sat down in front of the TV. Suddenly she saw
something on TV that caught her attention. It
was an advert for an exercise bike called the
Fitmaster 5000.
‘That looks fantastic!’ thought Vida. ‘I think I'll
buy that!’
She phoned the number and ordered the
machine. It came the next day.
It was much bigger than it looked on TV, and the
only place Vida could put it was at the top of the
stairs.
She loved the Fitmaster 5000 so much, though,
that from that day on, she only exercised at
home. She didn't go to the gym any more. She
spent hours every evening on her exercise bike,
and every evening she went faster and faster.
One evening, she was going so fast that the
exercise bike began to move forwards. Before she
knew what had happened, she - and the bike - felt
down the stairs. All sixteen of them. Right to the
bottom. Ouch!
The Fitmaster 5000 was broken, and so was
Vida's leg.
‘I think that's enough exercise for a while,’
thought Vida, as she lay in her hospital bed. ‘And
that’s enough watching adverts on TV too.’

1. If Vida had got home earlier, ________________________________________________

2. If she’d gone to the gym that evening, ________________________________________________
3. If she hadn’t watched TV, ________________________________________________
4. She wouldn’t have bought the Fitmaster 5000 __________________________________________
5. She wouldn’t have put it at the top of the stairs _________________________________________
6. She’d have continued going to the gym ________________________________________________
7. If she hadn’t gone so fast, ________________________________________________
8. If she hadn’t fallen down the stairs, ________________________________________________

WISH
(Câu ước)

16
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
Use Structure Example
Diễn tả mong ước ở hiện tại wish + quá khứ đơn He wishes he had a telescope.
I wish I weren’t scared of
spiders.
Diễn tả mong ước ở quá wish + had + P2 We wish they hadn’t cut down
khứ so many trees.
Janice wishes she had seen that
movie last nigh.
Phê phán, chỉ trích, phàn wish + would + Vnguyên I wish you wouldn’t smoke in
nàn vì điều gì đó thể here.
I wish people would throw their
litter in the bin and not on the
ground.
Diễn tả mong ước một việc wish + could + Vnguyên I wish I could travel through
gì đó có thể xảy ra trong thể time.
hiện tại hoặc tương lai David wishes he could come
with us, but I think his parents
won’t let him.
(*) Có thể thay “wish” bằng “if only”
If only I were an astronaut. = I wish I were an astronaut.
(*) “wish” được sử dụng cho những tình huống không có thật. Nếu như tình huống có
khả năng xảy ra trong tương lai, ta có thể dùng “hope” thay thế.
I hope it doesn’t snow tomorrow.

PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Complete using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
17
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
1. I wish I (have) ____________________ a million euros! I would buy lots of great things.
2. I wish we (live) ____________________ in a bigger house. This one is too small.
3. Rebecca wishes she (be) ____________________ old enough to drive a car.
4. Do you wish you (feel) ____________________ more confident about the exam tomorrow?
5. I wish my computer (not be) ____________________ broken. I can’t check my email.
6. I wish I (not like) ____________________ chocolate so much! I eat three bars a day!
7. Grant wishes he (not make) ____________________ so many mistakes all the time.
8. Look what they’re wearing! I bet they wish they (not look) ____________________ so silly.

Exercise 2. Complete using the correct form of the verbs in the box. You may have to use some
negative forms.
feel give have live spend wear
1. I wish I ____________________ in the countryside. The city is so noisy.
2. Tracy has got curly hair but she often wishes she ____________________ straight hair.
3. I wish our teachers ____________________ us less homework every day, but there’s nothing I can
do about it.
4. I wish I ____________________ so scared, but I do.
5. Do you wish you ____________________ contact lenses or are you happy with glasses?
6. Jake’s mum wishes he ____________________ so much money on clothes whenever he goes
shopping.

Exercise 3. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.

1. I wish I _________________
(win)
2. I wish I _________________
(listen to my mother.
3. I wish we _________________
(bring) a camera with us.
4. I wish I _________________
(study) a bit harder for this test.
5. I wish I _________________ (not
make) so many phone calls last
month!
6. I wish he _________________
(not choose) me!
Exercise 4. The words in bold in each sentence are wrong. Write the correct word or phrase.

18
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
1. I wish I can speak German, but I never learnt it at school. _________________
2. I wish you will put your toys away! It’s not difficult. _________________
3. Do you sometimes wish you can fly? _________________
4. I wish you won’t lie to me all the time. _________________
5. I wish the neighbors won’t make so much noise. _________________
6. If only she will ask me to go to the disco with her. _________________
7. If only you can come with us! _________________

Exercise 5. Underline the correct answer.

1. I wish I have / had / would have an MP3 player.
2. We all wish Tim helps / will help / would help with the house work.
3. I wish I remember / remembered / had remembered to buy a lottery ticket last night.
4. I wish you don’t / didn’t / won’t live so far away.
5. I wish they couldn’t / wouldn’t / don’t keep changing the time of this programme.
6. Do you wish you hadn’t offered / didn’t offered / haven’t offered to help Michael in the shop last
weekend?

Exercise 6. Circle the correct word of phrase.

19
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
REVISION
Exercise 1. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
a) If we'd be / we're late for class, our teacher will be / was angry.
b) If we would live / lived on another planet, we'll see / we'd see the Earth in the sky.
c) If we take / will take a taxi, we arrived / we'll arrive sooner.
d) If we won't hurry / don't hurry, we'll be / we'd be late.
e) If we were / are birds, we would be able to / are able to fly.
f) If you don't wear / wouldn't wear your pullover, you'll feel / you felt cold.
g) If I studied / will study harder, I get / would get better marks.
h) If I have / had a motorbike, I rode /I'd ride it to school.
i) If you will lend / lend me your bike, I'll let / I let you borrow my skateboard.
j) If I had / have lots of money, I gave / I'd give some to all my friends.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentence for each situation using the verbs given.
a) You're standing very close to the edge of a swimming-pool. You're wearing all your clothes, not a
swimming costume. A friend says:
If you (fall in) __fall in__, your clothes (get) __will get__ wet!
b) You're sitting in the classroom on a hot day. You're day-dreaming about going to the beach. You
think:
If today (be) ____________________ a holiday, I (go) ____________________ to the beach.
c) You can't answer a question in your English book. You ask a friend to help, but she doesn't know the
answer. She says:
If I (know) ____________________ the answer, I (tell) ____________________ you.
d) You're walking towards the bus stop with a friend. Suddenly the bus arrives. The bus stop is far away,
but you think there is a chance of catching the bus. You say:
If we (run) ____________________, we (catch) ____________________ it!
e) You're planning to go to the beach tomorrow with some friends. You are not sure about the weather,
because it sometimes rains at this time of the year. You arrange to meet tomorrow afternoon and say:
If it (rain) ____________________, we (go) ____________________ to the cinema instead.
f) You're very busy, because you have lots of school work, and you also play in two teams. A friend asks
you to join a computer club. You say:
If I (have) ____________________ more free time, I (join) ____________________ the club. But it's
impossible at the moment because I'm too busy!

Exercise 3. Complete each sentence using if, unless or would.

20
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
a) If he asked me to help him, I ___would__.
b) We'll have lunch outside in the garden ____________________ it’s too cold.
c) John ____________________ win more races if he trained harder.
d) Come on, ____________________ we hurry, we'll miss the plane!
e) ____________________ you like to see my stamp collection?
f) The manager won't be long. ____________________ you take a seat, please.
g) I'm sure that Connie ____________________ go to the cinema with you, if you asked her.
h) ____________________ you feel like a chat, phone me tonight.
i) What ____________________ you do if you saw a snake?
j) I don't feel happy ____________________ I swim every day.

Exercise 4. Complete each sentence (a-j) with an ending (1-10).

a) If you play the music too loud,
b) If the North Pole melted,
c) If we don't have enough ice-cream,
d) If I found someone's wallet,
e) If a burglar broke into this house,
f) If my train isn't late,
g) If you were famous,
h) If my father lends me the money,
i) If you took more exercise,
j) If you tell me what you want,
8 1. the alarm would go off.
2. I'll buy a new bike.
3. I'll be in Paris at 6.00.
4. you wouldn't see me any more!
5. you would feel better.
6. the water would flood many cities.
7. I'll buy it for you.
8. you'll wake up the neighbours.
9. we'll get some more.
10. I'd take it to the police station.

Exercise 5. Complete each sentence as either a first conditional or a second conditional sentence
using the verb in brackets.
a) If I (have) __had___ arms five metres long, I (be able) __would be able__ to reach the top of that
shelf!
b) Don't worry, you've just got a cold. If you (take) ____________________ an aspirin, you (feel)
____________________ better.
c) Vegetarians believe that if nobody (eat) ____________________ meat, everyone (live)
____________________ longer.
d) If I (become) ____________________ a famous rock star, I (buy) ____________________ my
parents an enormous house.
e) It says 'No Parking'. If you (leave) ____________________ the car here, the police (give)
____________________ you a parking fine.

21
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
f) It's not far. If you (follow) ____________________ this path, you (come) ____________________
to the station.
g) If people (use) ____________________ bikes instead of cars, there (not be) ____________________
so much pollution.
h) Actually, Brutus is a very friendly dog. If you (touch) ____________________ him, he (not bite)
____________________ you.
i) If you (leave) ____________________ your books on the desk, I (give) ____________________ them
back to you at the end of the lesson.
j) If you (own) ____________________ a pet tiger, your friends (not visit) ____________________
you!

Exercise 6. Rewrite each comment, beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning.
a) Supposing you had wings, what would you do?
What ____would you do if you had wings?_____
b) Why don't you leave now? That's what I'd do.
If _______________________________________________________________
c) Imagine you lived on Mars. How would you feel?
How _______________________________________________________________
d) I think you should buy a bike. That's what I'd do.
If _______________________________________________________________
e) Imagine you were rich. What would you do?
What _______________________________________________________________
f) Supposing Jim came with us, what would you say?
What _______________________________________________________________
g) Why don't you take the bus. That's what I'd do.
If _______________________________________________________________
h) Imagine you owned a robot. What would you do?
What _______________________________________________________________

Exercise 7. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.

a) If you phoned/had phoned me yesterday, I had given/would have given you the news.
b) If you took/would have taken more exercise, you might feel/had felt better.
c) If Tim drove/had driven more carefully, he wouldn't have crashed/didn't crash.
d) If you had come/came to see the film, you had enjoyed/would have enjoyed it.
e) If I'd known/I would know it was your birthday, I would send/would have sent you a card.
f) If people had helped/helped one another more often, the world might be/was a better place.
22
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
g) If our team had scored/scored more goals, we had won/could have won.
h) If you would have worn/wore a coat, you wouldn't get/didn't get wet.
Exercise 8. Complete the sentence for each situation.
a) Charlotte didn't leave early, and so she missed the bus.
If Charlotte ____had left early___, she ___wouldn’t have missed___ the bus.
b) I didn't buy more milk, so I didn't have enough for breakfast.
If I _____________________________, I ______________________________ enough for breakfast.
c) We forgot to take a map, so we got lost in the mountains.
If we ____________________________, we _______________________________ in the mountains.
d) I didn't go to bed early, so I didn't wake up at 7.00.
If I _______________________________ early, I _______________________________ at 7.00.
e) Mike didn't make a shopping list, and he forgot to buy some coffee.
If Mike ______________________________, he _______________________________ some coffee.
f) I didn't realize you were tired when I asked you to go for a walk.
If I _______________________________, I _______________________________ for a walk.
g) The Romans didn't sail across the Atlantic, so they didn't reach America.
If the Romans ___________________________, they ______________________________ America.
h) I didn't turn left at the station, and I lost my way.
If I _______________________________, I _______________________________ my way.

Exercise 9. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.

a) I'm sunburnt. I wish I hadn't sunbathed / didn't sunbathe for so long.
b) I don't feel well. I wish I could stay / stayed at home tomorrow.
c) I'm not a good swimmer, but I wish I could swim / would swim well.
d) I wish I had / have a puppy or a kitten!
e) I wish I could see / saw you tomorrow, but it's impossible.
f) I wish Jim didn't sit / doesn't sit next to me. He's so annoying!
g) If only we had / would have some money we could take the bus.
h) I hope you enjoyed / enjoy yourselves at the dance tomorrow.
i) I wish I can / could speak English better!
j) 1 hope I'll / I'd win the lottery!

Exercise 10. Underline the correct continuation for each sentence.

a) I've got lots of work to do, and I'm tired, but I can't stop.
1. I wish I had taken a rest. 2. I wish I could take a rest.
b) I wasn't paying attention in class, and now I can't do my homework.
23
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
1. I wish I listened to my teacher. 2. I wish I'd listened to my teacher.

c) Sarah painted her room green, but she doesn't like it.
1. She wishes she'd painted it blue. 2. She wishes she painted it blue.
d) This is a very puzzling problem!
1. I wish I'd known the answer. 2. I wish I knew the answer.
e) It's really cold and miserable here in the winter.
1. I wish we lived in a warm place. 2. I hope we live in a warm place.
f) I can't repair my bike because I haven't got any tools.
1. If only I would have a screwdriver. 2. If only I had a screwdriver.
g) I'm worried about my basketball team. Perhaps they won't win!
1. I wish they play well. 2. I hope they play well.
h) You promised not to tell anyone my secrets but you did!
1. I wish I hadn't told you. 2. I wish I didn't tell you.
i) I've been feeling ill all week.
1. I hope I feel better soon. 2. I hope I'd feel better soon.
j) I want to see my sister. I haven't seen her for ages.
1. I wish I could speak to her. 2. I wish I spoke to her.

Exercise 11. Complete each sentence with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
a) I'm soaked to the skin! If only I (bring) __had brought__ an umbrella!
b) This pullover was cheap. I wish I (buy) _____________________ two of them!
c) I like your school. I wish I (go) _____________________ there too.
d) I must get in touch with Sue. If only I (know) _____________________ her phone number!
e) This bus is really slow! I wish we (take) _____________________ the train.
f) I'm disappointed in this camera. I wish I (not buy) _____________________ it.
g) I answered three questions well. If only I (finish) _____________________ the whole test!
h) I can't understand Marie! I wish 1 (speak) _____________________ French.

Exercise 12. Complete each sentence in a suitable way.

a) I'm hungry. If only ___I had a sandwich___ with me.
b) Enjoy your holiday. I hope _____________________ time.
c) This is a lovely place. I wish we _____________________ before.
d) It's a pity you live so far away. If only you _____________________ nearer.
e) Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _____________________ as well as her!

24
 8A1/GRAM/CONDITIONALS
Exercise 13. Rita isn't very happy at the moment. Complete her words.
a) Rita wasted a lot of money on DVDs.
'I wish I ___hadn’t wasted___ so much money on expensive DVDs!'
b) Rita thinks new jobs are difficult to find.
'I wish new jobs _____________________ so difficult to find.'
c) Rita thinks new jobs are difficult to find.
'I wish new jobs _____________________ easier to find.'
d) Rita can't go on holiday this summer.
'I wish I _____________________ on holiday.'
e) Rita doesn't have very good qualifications.
'I wish I _____________________ better qualifications.'
f) Rita has to do the washing up. She hates doing it.
'I wish I _____________________ do the washing up.'
g) Rita is sorry her family moved to the suburbs.
'I wish we _____________________ to the suburbs.'
h) Rita thinks she is very untidy.
'I wish I _____________________ so untidy.'

25