Some Applications of Trigonometry INCLUDES ‘© Basic Concepts ‘= Advanced Problems One of the objectives of trigonometry is to find the distances * Quick Recap between points or the heights of objects, without actually | 4, ‘measuring these distances or these heights. Trigonometry is also * Assignment used in geography and in navigation. Let us explore the methods to find the height of an inaccessible tower, mountain, tree by means of observations made at distant points with the use-of.angles and linked trigonometric ratios. BASIC CONCEPTS Line of sight : The line drawn from the eye of an observer fo the point of the object under observation is, called the line of sight. Angle of elevation : For a point being vieWed, the angle of elevation is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when the point being viewed is above the horizontal level. Angle of depression : For a point being viewed, the angle of depression is the angle formed by the line of, sight with the horizontal when the point being viewed is below the horizontal level. Let © be an eye of an observer and OX be the horizontal line drawn through O. Let P be an object, then OP is called the line of sight, © 1 ie stove OX ae slag Bie 256 = len 6 arate of elevation of P (ax obeerved (W If Pls below OX as shown in figure (b), then “XOP Is called the angle of depression of P (as observed from 0). ae angie of Seen > “e > Dp p (©) Odject ‘ : o w €In figure (i), Let, AE be height of the person observing the mountain AB = Distance of the foot of the mountain from the observer AG = Line of sight ZBAC = Angle of elevation CD = Height of mountain AE = BD = Height of observer Now, if we need to find the height of the mountain and we know AE, ED and =AB = h = height of the tree (let) OB = distance of the point from the foot of the tree where the angle of elevation is 30° (OA = line of sight ZAOB = angle of elevation = 30° Now, to solve the problem, we have to choose the appropriate trigonometric ratio. AB Here, tan 30° = $5 1 as 5 = 1-48 tan30° = Vs 30 [ V3 30 _ 3x10 = 103m, = AB= Be = AB = 10% 1.732 =17.32m <+ Height of the tree = 17.32 m Mustration 2 A ladder makes an angle of 30° with the floor whilé leaning against the wall of height 10 m. Keeping foot of the ladder fixed, it is made to lean against another opposite wall and row it makes an angle of 60° with the floor. Find the height of the opposite wall Solution : e In right AOAB, OA = length of ladder - = AB A sinaor = AB \ ' AB _ 10 2 = 2° -20m tom OA gingoe 472 20 i Now, Aas D o B Length of the ladder is same in the new situation also. 0c = 0A=20m Now, let height of the walll be h, therefore CD = h In s0cD, Se oc ~ 20 sin6o" = h=sin 60° x 20 x20 = 10V3 Height of the opposite wall = 10/3 mExample 1 : The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two distinct points at a distance of x and y from the base of the tower and in the same straight line are complementary. Find the height of the tower. Solution : Let the given data be represented as shown in the figure. Now, in right AACD 2 = an(90 — 0) = oot = h=xcoto @ In ght ADC, * tano = = h=ytano ii) From (i) and (ll), we get x cots = ytane x _ tano ¥ > cote — [Eneno Hi payne 2% fF => [Height of the tower = Jay Example 2: a 20-8 wae A pole stands in a park such that its shadow increases by 1 m when the angle of elevation of sun changes from 45° to 30°. Find the hoight of the pole. ‘Solution : Let the data given in the question be represented as shown in the figure. In right aDcB, a tan 45° = h=BC o In right ADA, tii)From () and (i), we get ac Bc= = Vec=1+8C oe ~ ¥3+1 = 8c=3- m Now, = BC AB= 1m) = | Height of the pote = Y3*1 Example 3 : The angle of elevation of the top of a hill from the foot of @ tower is 60° and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the hill is 45°. If the tower is 45 m high, then find the height of the hill. ‘Solution : Let PQ be the hill and RS be the tower: According to the question, 2PRQ = 60" and ZRQS = 45° Let PQ =f and QR = x In ght ASRO, Rs ; BS tanas = 821 5 xe45m In eight APOR, PQ _taneor 2 22 sano fas n= Bx = N= 8x45 = 1.732 = 45 = 77.94% Height of the hill = 7.94 m. Example 4: From a point on the ground, the angles of elevation of a 10 m tall tower and of a helicopter hovering at some height over the top of the tower are 30° and 45° respectively. Find the height of the helicopter above the tower. ‘Solution Let QR be the tower with R as its top and S be the helicopter which is hovering at some height over the top of the tower. Let RS = hand PQ=x Now, QR = 10 m, ZQPR = 30°, In right triangle QPR, ZOPS = 45°al 1@ Applications of Trigonometry ‘Mathematics - Clase X (Levelt) + = x= 10V3 m t . + x & Now, In right triangle SQP, | hom sa Ze, $2 _ tanase Pa a} hvto she t0=% 1 = n+ 10 = 10/3 « 10¥3) = n= 10¥3 ~ 10 = 10(V3~1) = = 10 (1.732 ~ 1) = 10 x 0.732 = 7.32 m Hence, the helicopter is at the distance of 7.32 m above the tower. 1. If the angle of depression from the top of a building to a point situated 10/3 m away from the bottom of the building is 60°, then the height of the building will be 40 Om @) 15m @ 30m (4) 30/3 m 2. Ifa ladder of length 40 m, leaning against a wall makes an angle of 30° with the ground, then the height from the ground where the ladder meets the wall will be (1) 20m @ 10m @) 20/3 m @) 1043 m 3. Two men on either side of a temple 75 m high have angles of elevation as 45° each. The distance between them is (1) 125m @ s m @) 1503 m (4) 150 m 4. From the top of a building 15 m high, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is found to be 30°. From the bottom of the same building, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is found to be 45°. The height of the tower is ay 81+ V3)m 2 1858 (4, J3ym @ Z0+a)m @) Zea sym 5. There are two lamp-posts L, and L, of equal height on either side of the road having width equal to 100 m. If angles of elevation of the lamp-posts from a point on the road are 30° and 45°, then the height of the lamp-post will be (1) 36m @) 636m @) 63m @) 366m [ws ‘@r We (Wz LE “suv) ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456ADVANCED PROBLEMS The angle of elevation of the top of a vertical tower from a point on the ground is 60°. From another point, 40 m vertically above the initial point, the angle of elevation to the top of the tower is 45°. Find the height of the tower, Solution : Let EC be the tower, A be the initial point and 8 be the point 40 m above point A. Also, let CD = h and AE = y. In right ACEA, = h= VBy-40 (i) In right ABDC, CD Ly ase BB = tanass = hay 240) From (i) and (i), we got V3y-40 =y¥ 40 _ 40 = 895 49) ¥* ag ese y= 20(/3 +1) m 4 4 4 So, height of tower = (54.64 + 40) m ='94.64 m. Example 5 A man on the top of a light house, observes that @ boat coming towards him takes 10 minutes for the angle 0f depression to change from 30° 060". How much more time will the boat take to reach the light house? Solution : Let AB = h be the height of the light house. Let C and D be the position of the boat such that ZADB = 30° land ZACB = 60°. Let BC =x, cD=y In right triangle ABC, 48 —tan6o- 4 Bc favs n= V3 4oy > VEhaxty = BB =x+y [From (0) sxty = 2=y of x= ¥ = bxexty = ary ¥ Time taken from D to C = 10 min (10. to cover distance y) _ Tina then fom G2 B= 5 rin Distance of Cte B= 1 sitance of Dio 1 Hence, 5 more minutes will be required by the boat to reach the light house. —[esnrete si A man of height ‘a’ stands at a distance.of ‘2a’ from a lamp-post and éasts a Shadow of ‘3a’ on the ground. Find the height of the lamp-post. ‘Solution Let the data in the question be represénted-as” shown inthe figure. In right aaBc, > Again, in right AAED, g h Ass Hence, the height of lampposts Sa Ris mcd[ Mathematics - Class X (Level-) ‘Some Applications of —.,, 7. An aeroplane flying horizontally 800 m above the ground is observed at an angle of elevation of 60°. After 10 s, the angle of elevation from the same point becomes 30°. The approximate speed of the aeropiane (in m/s) is 2 @) 83 @) 100 (4) 105 8. From an aeroplane vertically above a straight line in a horizontal plane, the angles of depression of two consecutive kilometre stones on the opposite sides of the aeroplane are found to be « and fs. Then, the height of the aeroplane (in ken) is fang + tang (1) tan Co ar caer tana-tanp tana—tanp © Jana+tanB © “TanoctanB 9. A manis standing on the top of a tower of height 300 m. He observes two cars on the same side whose angles of depression are 60° and 30°. The distance between the cars is (1) 200 m (2) 200/3 m @) 100/53 m (4) 100m 10. From the top of a cliff 25 m high, if the angle of elevation of a tower is found to be equal to the angle of depression of the foot of the tower, then the height of the tower is (1) 80m 2) 40m 3) 50m (4) 60m [e)or “Ze “(ede “(L)2 (Z9 “suv QUICK RECAP 1. The line of sight is the line drawa from thé\eye of an'ebserver to the point of the object viewed by the observer. 2. For a point being viewed, the angié)of elevation ls. the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when the point being viewed Is above the horizontal level 2. For a point being viewed, the angle of depression is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when the point being viewed is below the horizontal level. 4. The height or the length of an Object being viewed or the distance between two distant objects can be determined with the help of trigonometric ratios. gaa ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456: Very Short Answer Type Questions : 1. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground, which is 100 maway from the foot of the tower Is 30°. Find the height of the: tower 2. The string of a kite Is 150 m long and it makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal. Find the height of the kite from the ground, assuming that there is no slack in the string, 3. A tower is 100 m high. Find the angle of elevation, of its top from a point 100/3 m away from lits foot 4, A tree breaks due to storm and the, broken part bends such that the top of the tree touches the ground making an angle 60° with it: The distance between the foot of the trea and the point where the top touches the ground is 15 m. Find the length of the broken part of the tree. 5. In the given figure, find the angle of depression of. the point C from A. — A Short Answer Type Questions : 1. The top of a tower Is observed from two points on the same horizontal line through the base of the tower. If the angles of elevation from the two points fare 30° and 45° on the same side of the tower and the distance between them is 25 m, then find the height of the tower. CATTLE From a boat 150 m away from the vertical cliff, the angles of elevation of the top and the foot of ‘a vertical pillar which Is at the top of the cliff are 60” and 45° respectively. Calculate (|) the height of the cliff (i) the height of the pillar. ‘At a certain point) the angle of elevation of a tower i ounass ease aggont On walking 35 m away from the tower, the angle of sae art Find ne hight of he 4 ‘Arman standing on the deck, which is 10 m above the water level, observes the angle of elevation of the top of a hill as 60° and angle of depression of the base of the hill as 30°. Find the height of the hill: ‘The shadow of a flagstaff is twice as long as the shadow of the flagstaff when the sun rays meet the ground at an angle of 45°. Find the tangent of the langle between the sun rays and the ground at the time of longer shadow. ‘An aeroplane when ‘h' m high, passes vertically ‘above another aeroplane at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two aeroplanes from the ‘same point on the ground are 45° and 30° respectively. Find the vertical distance between the two planes. ‘The angles of elevation of the top of a hill at the city centres of two towns on either side of the hill fare observed to be 45° and 60°. If the distance Uphill from the first city centre is 12 km, then find in kilometers, the distance uphill from the other city centre. ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-4762345610. 1" 12. 13. 14. 15, 16. A ladder of length 4 m makes an angle of 30° with the floor while leaning against one wall of a room If the foot of the ladder is kept fixed on the floor and it is made to lean against the opposite wall of the room, it makes an angle of 60° with the floor. Find the distance between the two walls of the A person standing at the foot of a tower walks a distance 3a away from the tower and observes that the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is c.. He then walks a distance 4a perpendicular to the Previous direction and observes the angle to be fi, then find the height of the tower in terms of 3. A tower subtends an angle 0 at a point A in the plane of its base and the angle of depression of the foot of the tower at a point 6 m just above A is 6. Find the height of the tower. Two pillars are of equal height and on either side of the road, which is 120 m wide. The angles of elevation of the top of the pillars are 60" and 30" from a point on the road between the pillars. Find) the position of the point between the pillars and the height of each pillar. A boy standing on a horizontal plane finds a bird flying at a distance of 100 m from.him atan elevation of 30°. A girl standing on the roof of a 20 ™m high building, finds the angle of elevation of the same bird to be 45°. Both boy and girl are on the opposite sides of the bird. Find the distance of the bird from the girl A tree in the park is such thatiits top Subtends!an angle of elevation of 60° at a)point. Due to lightening bolt, the tree was broken and. as a result its height decreased. Now, the tree top with new height subtends an angle of 30* at the same point. Find the height of the tree after the lightning bolt and the distance of the point from the base of the. tree. (Original height of the tree = 10 m) There are two temples, one on'each bank of a river, just opposite to each other. One temple is 45 ™m high. From the top of this temple, the angles of depression of the top and foot of the other temple are 30° and 45° respectively. Find the height of another temple and the width of the river. The angles of elevation of the top of a tower measured from the points A and 6 on a horizontal line, on the either side of the foot of the tower are a and §. If AB = d, then find the height of the tower, ‘The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from the bottom and top of a building of height d are B and «: respectively. Find the height of the tower. Long Answer Type Questions : 4 As observed from the top of the light house of height ‘h’ m, the angles of depression of two ships approaching it are c and f. If one ship is coming from west and the other is coming from south, find the distance between the ships. A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is surmounted by a vertical flagstaff of height h. At point on the plane, the angles of elevation of the top and bottom of the flagstaff are 0 and @ respectively. Find the height of the tower. A man on the top of a vertical tower observes a car moving at a uniform speed coming directly towards it. If it takes 15 minutes for the angle of depression to change from 45° to 60", how soon after this, will the car reach the tower? The angle of elevation of a jet plane from a point A on theground is 60°. After a flight of 30 seconds, the angle of elevation changes from 60° to 30°. if the jet plane is flying at a constant height of 1200 /3 m, then find the speed of the jet plane. The lensth of the. shadow of @ tower standing on the level ground. is found to be 2x m longer when ‘Sun's altitude is 30" than when it was 45°. Prove that height of the tower is x(V/3 +1) m. ‘A¥.6 m tall boy spots an object moving with the wind. in a horizontal line at a height of 88:6 m from the ground. The angle of elevation of the object from the eyes of the boy at any instant is 60°. After sometime, the angle of elevation reduces to 30°. Find the distance travelled by the object during the interval. The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point ‘h’ m above the lake is « and angle of depression of reflection of cloud in the lake is [. Prove that the height of the cloud from the lake is Ah (tan + tana) “TanB tana From a window (h m above the ground) of a house in a street, the angles of elevation and depression of the top and the foot of another house on the opposite side of the street are 0 and © respectively. ‘Show that the height of the opposite house is f (1 + tand cotp) m.Weer ocr SECTION-B . Objective Type Questions 4: (On a level ground, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is 30°. On moving 20 m towards the tower, the angle of elevation becomes 60°. The height of the tower is () 10m 2) 15m @ 20m 4) 10/3 m A ladder 20 m long rests against a wall. If the feet of the ladder is 10 m from the walll, then the angle of elevation is os eq @s o> ‘Two men standing on the opposite sidesof a flagstaff measure the angle of elevation of the top. of the flagstaff as 30° and 60°. If the height of the flagstatt is 20 m, then the distance betweén the two men is (1) 20/3 m 2) 80/3 m 80 o 3m 4) 8/3 +1)m If an equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle of radius 10 cm, then the side of the triangle is (1) 10¥3 om @) 10m @) V3 om @) 15¥3 om ‘Mathematice - Clase X (Levelt) ‘The upper part of a tree, broken by the wind, makes an angle 0 with the ground and the distance from the root to the point where the top of the tree meets the ground is y metre. The length of unbroken part (in metre) Is (@) ytane @) yseco @) ycos 0 ) y cot o In the given figure, 2 ws 1a r | 5 Ls 4 | —a wm = a % 4 oe o> An aeroplane flying horizontally away from the ‘Observer, 1000 m above the ground is observed at an elevation of 60°. After 10, its elevation is observed to be 30°. The speed of aeroplane (in. krnvh) is wn 90 @ 2 a @ Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47622456,8. The angle of elevation of the top of two vertical towers as seen from the middle point of the line Joining the foot of the tower are 60° and 30° respectively. The ratio of heights of the towers is 2:4 2) J3:4 @ 3:2 @ ast 9. The angie of elevation of a cliff from a point A on the ground and from point 8, 50 m vertically above point A are « and fi respectively. The height of the cliff (in m) is s0cots s0cot © Cotp— cota @ cote corp socote socots © coth—cota Cotart corp 10. A person standing on the bank of a river finds'that the angle of elevation of the top of a tower on the opposite bank is 45°. Which of the following statements is correct? (1) Breadth of the river is twice the height of the tower (2) Breadth of the river is half of the heightof the tower (3) Breadth of the river is/@ame as the height of the tower (@) None of these 11. From a window 15 m above the ground, the‘angie of elevation of the top of the tower is. and the angle of depression of the foot of the tower is fi If tana = Sand tanpi=2, then the height of the tower is (1) 50m @ 525m @) 55.0m @) 57.5m 12. If the ratio between the length of the shadow of a tower and its height is 30:30V3 . then the elevation of the Sun is (1) 30" (@) 90° @ 45° @) 60" 13. 14. 15. 16. 47. ‘The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from the top and the bottom of a building of height ‘a’ are 30° and 45° respectively. If the tower and the building stand at the same level, then the height of the tower is @ W349 ro} 203+) @) ava (@) a3 -1) The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points A and 8 on the ground are 30° and 45° respectively. If the height of the tower is 40 m, then the distance between A and B is (1) 20m (2) 20/3 m 8) 400/31) @) 20/3 -1)m The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two!points which are at a distance 9 m and 16 m from the foot of the tower in the same horizontal line.and on the same side. of the tower are complementary, The height of the tower is. (@) 144. @) 12m @ 21m @ 25m From the top of a cliff of height / m, the angles of depression of the top and bottom of a tower are ‘observed to be 30° and 45° respectively. The height of the tower (i m)is h ez @) avs A tower subtends an angle of 30° at a point on the ‘same level as its foot and from the second point hm above the first, the angle of depression of the foot of the tower Is 60°. The height of the tower is hm 2) srm @) V3nm @ om18. A tower subtends an angle of 30° at a point on the ‘same level as the foot of the tower. From a second point, hm above the first, the angle of depression of the foot of the tower is 60°, the horizontal distance of the tower from the point i (1) pcos 60" @ 2 cot 30° : © cot eoe (0) nestao” 19. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point 20 m away from its base is 45°. The height of the tower is (1) 25m (2) 25J2mSome Applications of Trigonometry INCLUDES * Advanced Problems based on Heights and Distances © Assignment ADVANCED PROBLEMS BASED ON HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES Example 4: A light house is such that its angle o point due north is 8 and from a Also, the distance between the po height of the light house. Solution : Let us assume that the foot of the light house lies on the origin h In aaoc, 3 = tano : = h= AO (tan) OO neon ace, zy = ano i => h= OB (tand) (ii) From (i) and (ii), we get A ‘0 (OA (tano) = OB (tad)= 0A on (222) ‘ane In right ABOA, OB? + OA? > o[ teat] tan? @ Lang Jian? + tan®o Now, = OB tano = 0B Htano tane. fan? e+ tan®9 Height of the light house ah Vian#0 + tan? @ Example 2 A bridge across a river makes an angle of 60% with the river's bank. If the length df the bridge across the river Is 200 m, then find the width of the river. Solution Let the width of the river be BC -and!AB be the length of the bridge across the river We have, AB = 200 m and 2BAC = 60° In right ABCA, ec Aa Bc _ v3 200-2 = sin60° = BC =200x + BC = 100 = 1.732 = 173.2 m Hence, the width of the river is 173.2 m.(ET ie aceBac r Subjective Type Questions 1 A tower stands at the centre of a circular-park, A and B are two points on the boundary of the park, such that AB (= a) subtends an angle of 60° at the foot of the tower and the angle of elevationiofithe {op of the tower from A or B is 30°. Find the height, of the tower. A round balloon of radius r subtends an'8hgle"G at the eye of the observer while the angle of elevation of its centre is B. Prove that the height of the contre ofthe balloon i sin pcosec ‘Two stations due south of a Jeaning tower, whieh leans towards the north are at distances @ and b from its foot. If cand fare the angles of elevation of the top of the tower from these stations, then prove that its inclination 8 to tha horizontal is given, beota ~ acotis by cot a ‘A man in a boat rowing towards @220-m high light house observes that the angle of elevation of the top of the light house changes from 45° to 60° in 3 minutes. Find the speed of the boat in metre per second, A spherical balloon of radius 50 em subtends an angle 60° at the eye of the observes while the angle of elevation of its centre is 45°. Then find the height of the centre of the balloon. ‘A tower stands vertically on a horizontal plane. The angles of elevation of the tower from two points lying on a line passing through the foot of the tower at distance 68 m and 85 m are 56" and 34° respectively. Find the height of tower. PSSTOTIILL ‘The angle of elevation of a mountain from a fixed point is 60°. After going up a distance of m metres: towards the top of the mountain at an angle of 45°, itis found that the angle of elevation is 75°. Find the height of the mountain Pion) a=} Objective Type Questions + 1.7Riman standing at.the foot of a tower PQ walks ‘away from the tower with a constant speed of 40 ‘m/min and after wailing for 24 s, the man reaches ‘at point A and observes that the ‘angle of elevation ‘of the t0p of the tower is 45°. He then walks perpendicular {othe previous direction at the same. ‘speed and after walking for 18 s, the man reaches point 8. The height of the tower PO (20m @ 12m @ 16m (@) 40m 2. From a point A, the angle of elevation of a tower is 12 such that its cotangent is =. On walking 240 m towards the tower, the tangent of the angle of eievatonie 2. The ih of he ower (1) 225m @ 200m @) 230m (4) 220m 3. The angle of elevation of cloud from a point situated at 2 m height above a lake is 30° and the angle of depression of its reflection in the lake is 60°. The height of the cloud from the lake (in m) is 1) 2a Qa @ > 3 @) 4a ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456[Seeeei Seee get eee een ‘Class X (Levelity ‘Some Applications of Tri 157 Between two towers T and R, the height of T is 72 m, which is loss than that of R. If the angle of depression of the top of T from the top of Ris 30° and its angle of elevation from the foot of Ris 45°, then height of R is GQ) 72/3 m @) 7204+ J3)m 1 1 + t)m — @ 71-1) m rA1+ 5) @ 1-5) w 01s roar Pom rade Hpi name i, ai a cloucis o w abnor ‘observation, if the angle of elevation of its top is 45°, is @) 1 unit @) 2 units @) 3 units @) 4 units An observer from point C on the ground views the top of the tower AB, such that its distance from the tower, height of the tower and distance between top of the tower and point C on the ground are.in AP and their sum is 12. The tangentof angle of ‘elevation of the top of the tower from point.C is, 4 3 1) tano = 4 no= & @) tano =F @ tano= = @) tano = 72 @) tano = 7 SECTION-C Assertion & Reason Type Questions! In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) Is followed by a statement of reason ®). 2 ® @ If both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion, then mark (1). If both Assertion & Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the-assertion, then mark (2) If Assertion Is true statement but Reason is false, then mark (3). If both Assertion and Reason are false statements, then mark (4). A: From the top of the building, the angle of depression of a point on the road is 30°. Then, the angle of elevation from the same point on the road to the top of the building will be 30°. R= The angle of elevation is different from the angle of depression for the same two objects. 2. A: A ladder while leaning against a wall stands at a distance of 6 m from the wall. If the height, of the wall is 8 m, then the length of the ladder will be 10 m. R= The ladder makes an angle of 60° with the ground: A: A pole stands on the road such that its ‘shadow increases in length by ‘a’ metre when the angle of elevation of sun changes from to f. If tana = V3 tanfs, then the height of the pote ic 20/5 +1). Fe: Length of the shadow was initially a5 m A: An aeroplane when 1000 m high passes Vertically above another aeroplane at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two aeroplanes from the same point on the ground are 60° and 45° respectively. The vertical distance betwoon the two aeroplanes is 533m. RR: The. 2™ aeroplane is at a height of 477 m from the ground. A: The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points A and B al distances @ and 6 respectively from the base and in the same Straight line with it are complomentary. The height of the tower is Jab. R= Complementary angles have sum equal to 90° SECTION-D Match the‘columns Type Questions : 4 ‘The angle of elevation from the bottom of tower A to the top of tower B is 60° while the angle of elevation from the bottom of tower B to the top of tower A Is 45°. If the height of tower A is 200 m, then match the items in column | to the items in column Il. Column4 Column. a. Height of tower (146m b. Angle of depression (ji) 200m from top of tower B to the bottom of tower A ©. Distance between (Wi) 346 m the towers d. Difference between (v) 60° the heights of the . a) @) a). BU), ett), dtiv) 2) ati), btw). (4) agi. BG), eG), tiv) ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-476234562. Tha hele ofa wall le glen by the minkmum of belo he wat!) 90" 1 . c. The distance efi) 17.3 m 6-13) m. whee x> 0 the ange ot elevation The alton cea of its top from a point A on the ground is 30°, a 3 : d. Angle of depression (vy) 20 m Sion ie ee es eet ent Snoia ot eprocsios wall to point A Column Column-tt bai), civ), Cit) a. Distance of point A () 10m . iv), (0), dCi) from the bottom of @) allt), BQ, ev), AC) the wall ) afi), bi), efi), Ai) qgaaLevel-I SECTION-A Very Short Answer Type Questions = 2 75V¥3 m 4, 30m 4. 87.74m 5. 75°Short Answer Type Questions = 25 28/3 41)m zs) 3. 175m 4 Se 7. 9.80 km 9. Satanis 11. 30 m or 90 m, 51.96 m 40, 10 13, 12m, 12, 3 vs tan tan 18. Yana+tanp Long Answer Type Questions 1 [cot? a + cot® 2 _htane * tand—tane 3. 20min 29s 4. 288 kmh 6. 58/3m SECTION-B 1 @) 2 @) 8 (4) a @) 15. @) 16. (1) SECTION-A a 1 ve 4. 0.517 mis 5. 50/2 em 6. 34/5m 7 Y2G+V3),, 4 0= 30° Hence, the angle of elevation is 30° ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Ph rereeecrcc reece ‘Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Levelt) 4. Let AC be the broken part of the tree which touches the ground at point C. In right ABC, we have cos 60° = BC 1418 2” ac = Ac= 30 Hence, the broken part of the tree is 30 m. oO Sc 8. AE || BD, 2EAB + 2B = 180° [Co-interior angles] > ZEAB = 90° Now, “EAC + “CAB 90" = 4EAC = 75" Hence, the angle of depression is 75°. Short Answer Type Questions : 1. Let AB be the tower and C and D are the points of observation such that CD = 25 m. The angles of elevation of top A of the tower from @ and D are 45° and 30° respectively. Let AB = hand BC = x. ‘Then, in right ABC, we have A 0 x 625m D In Fight ABD, we have AB _tan30° AB — tan3o na > x28 = Sn =x+ 25 = JSh =h+ 25 [From (i)] = V8h ~h = 25 or (V3 —1)h = 25 25 V3 +1 _ 25/341) _ 25, h - = 28.5 +1) B-1vae1 8 zen Hence, the height of the tower is 2°(v3 + 1)m, 2. Let BC be the vertical cliff of height H m and AB is the vertical pillar of height h m. D is the position of the boat from where the angles of elevation of the top and the foot of the vertical pillar are 60° and 45° respectively. Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456,“Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Level: ‘Some Applications of Trigonometry] Now, in right triangle ACD, we have ac AS - tano" cD 7 new ~ Atti nm S h+H= 1503 a From right triangle BCD, we have Mm ac aN BS tan ase oo [37 HM S— 150m»? = ¢- 150 m. = H= 150m Putting this value of Hin equation (i), we get +150 = 150/3 -» h= 150/3 — 150 = n= 150 V3 - 1. 150 (1.7321) $150 = 0.732 > h=109.8m Hence, height of the vertical pillar = 109.8 m and height of the liff = 150m Let AB be the tower and let angie of elevation of its top from point C be vu. Lot Dibe'a point at a distance of 35 km from C such that the angle of elevation of top of the tower from D.be fi Let be the height of the tower and AG =x. tis given that tanc = 3 and tanp = 5 In right ABC, we have 48 tance BC 5 nls A x72 xa 2h = x=! h In right AABD, we have AB tang = = * 35m ns = x35 °3 = an=5Kx+175 = 3n= 5x2 +175 [From ()) = 3n-2h 75, > h=175m Hence, the height of the tower is 175 m. Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456‘Some Applications of Trigonometry ‘Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Level-t) 4. Let AB be the deck of ship, 10 m above the water level and CE be the hill. Let BD = AE = x m and cD =hm In right ABE, we have 10 = tansor [where f and x are as shown in the figure] 10 4 ~7°s joV3 m 20m+ 10m 40m 5. Let AB be the flagstaff of height h whose shadow is BC of length x, whe the sun rays meet the ground at an angle of 45°. Let the length of the shadow BD be 2x, when the angle made by the sun rays is 0. ‘Then, in right triangle ABC, we have AB BC = tan45° ney bex ‘ight tangle ABD. we have AB 48 —tano A +s n = ff -tane Se 2x" = tno= x [From (), 4 2 6. Let C be the position of an aeropiane at a height h m vertically above another aeroplane, which is at D. Let CD = x and AD = y. tn right ADB, ltd - A | tano SH ° S —:_ : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456‘Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Level ‘Some Applications of THgonometry| In right ACAB, cA Se = tanas [where, x, y and h are as shown in figure] h = [z=A] “w From (i) and (ji), we get n= We n =9-4 Now, vertical distance between two aeroplanes hoy h "—B _, [x8et =n |S ]m 7. Let AB be the hill and let C and D'be the two city centres such that angles of elevation of top A of the hill from C and D are 45° and 60° respectively. Then, ZACB = 45°, ZADB = 60° and AC = 12 km In right AABC, we have AB . AB = sins In right AABD, we have AB _ sineor 45 ev2 v3 a2 12/2 - 1- v3 12/2. J3 2 a2 8 ae aw 24d i a ave 2.449 = 9.80 Hence, the distance uphill from the other city centre is 9.80 km. Let AE and CE be two positions of the ladder of length 4 m on two opposite walls. It is given that the ladder makes angles of 60° and 30° in these two positions. Then, ZAEB = 30° and “CED = 60° ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower. 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456‘Some Applications of Trigonometry ‘Answore & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Level) Let BE = xm and ED=ym In right triangle ABE, we have BE BE. 60830" AE 7 x_ a2 = x= 88 Lavsm 25 +1) = 2. 2.732 = 6.464 m Hence, the distance between the two walls Let OP be the tower of height h. In Fight AOAB, OB? = OA? + AB? = OB=5a Now, AOPB is right angled at ©. tanps = h=Satanp 2% (1732 +1) 5.46 m a © PF 8 | 4a of aN a Sa 10. Let CD be a tower of height hm Which subtends.an angle 0 at point A and the angle of depression of the foot D of the tower from a point 8, at a In right triangle ADB, we have AB AB tan AD . = 2atane oa tang > x=b cow @ In Fight triangle CDA, we have cD AD =tane = fetano = h=xtane Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office = height of b m above A is o. Let AD ‘Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456“Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Lever) ‘Some Applications of Trigonometry] 1 12. = f= b coto tano Hence, the height of the tower is 6 cote tand. Let AB and CD be the two pillars of equal height h m standing on either side of road BD = 120 metre. Let E be the point from which the angles of elevation of points A and C are 60° and 30° respectively. Let BE = xm, then DE = (120 — x) m. In right AABE, we have AB 48 ~ tan6o° BE = 2-8 = h= J3x Ai) In right triangle CDE, we have co . 2 - tans0 na = W20-x Vs = Bn~120-x = VE x 5x =120-« {From (0) Se = 3x=120-x ax From (i), h = J3x = J3x30 = 30 « 1.732 ='51,96 m Hence, distance of point E from Bis 80 m and from D is 120 —30 = 90 m. Height of each pillar = 51.96'm. Let A be the observation point of Boy, € be the point where girl is standing and B be the point where bird is flying. In right AAEB, hs 20 700 [where x, h and d are as shown below] 2 a > 30 Lt 100 iF T 7 @ 2 > [aa300Em AA bt. Hence, distance of the bird from the girl is 30/2 m Aakash Educational Services Limited - Rogd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Poe CA “Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Level: 19. Let BC be the height of original tree and CD be the height of tree after lightening bok. In right aace, [where, h and x are as shown in the figure] _— 5 Be tan 1 10 = Bis 10 = va = 2 40 } os In right aacD, = tansor ae as 40,41 102, v3 v3 3 10 10 + Height attr tightening = 12m. and distance of the point trom thal baie of tho troo = 42m 14. Let AB and CD be two temples on oither'side of the banks of ayriver BC. Let AB = 45.m and CD = hm. The angles of depression of D.and C from A are 30° and 45° respectively. Let BC = xm. Now, in right AABC, we have AB . 28 = tanas = Be 45m In fight AED, we have AE . AE = tan30 AB-BE_ 1 > BC vs => 2h DC = EB= hy x VS = 453 - 3h = 453 —V3n = 45 = Bh = 45/3 —45 453-1) v3 4503-3) z Hence, the height of the second temple fs 19.02 m and width of river = 45 m. h 18(3 — 1.732) = 15 x 1.268 = 19.02 m ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456“Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Clase X (Level) ee | 15. Let h be the height of the tower. c In right AacD, tan a= 2 = x=ncota my In right ABCD, ed =x tanp= 5" = d-x=heotp S d-heota=heoth — [From () = R(cot a + cot A) =a . d cota +eot Bh a =i a ee tana *tanp dian atanp tan c+tanp da tane tan’ cotareotB tanastanp 16. Let AB be the building and DC be the tower. Let DE = x. Hence, the height of the tower = A Now, in right AAED. 1 DE a a tan = E LL tan AB = EC and BC = AE} = AE = (x + dicot Gil) From (i) and (li), we have X cot = (x + aeot B => x(cot a cot B) = d cot B d cot, cota—coth ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi 110005 Ph.011-47623456‘Some Applications of Trigonometry ‘Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Levelt) tana oe tana tanB dtanB d cot x tanP-tana cota—cotp Hence, the height of the tower Long Answer Type Questions : 1. Let OC be the height of the light house. Let A and B be the positions of the two boats approaching.to the light house from west and south respectively. In right ACOB, we have h Ge ~ 1B wheres x and fare shown in figure] = OB =h cop i) tanB In right AOC, we have h 5 tance P oa = One neote am h In AAOB, ( x colp = x coto + h coto = x coy = x colO = h coto = x (cot — cot) = h oto ope _heote * eote— cote 1 or Xtand htane. 7-1 * tano=tand tang” tano Hence, the height of the tower is —#and. iano —tand 3. Let AB be the tower of height h m. Let D be the initial position of the car and after 15 min, the car be at C. Itis given that the angles of depression at C and Diare 60° and 45° respectively. Let the speed of the car be v m/min, Then, CD = Distance travelled by the car in 15 min, Svm [Distance = speed * time} ‘Suppose the car takes f min to reach the foot of the tower AB from C. Then, BC = vt m In right triangle ABD, we have 28 = tans h viv iev = have 15v oo In right triangle ABC, we have AB Bc hb = yn => n= But tango° Aakash Educational Services Limited - Rogd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456,‘Some Applications of Trigonometry ‘Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Levelt) Putting this value of h in equation (i), we get V8vt = vt+ 15v = Bt =1+15 = VJ3t-r=15 = (8-18-15 15 341 15(/3 +1) _ 15 > Beet 8d OD 5 = t=Bx2rse 15 «1.266 V 20.49 minute U 0 min 29 s Thus, the car will reach the tower from C in'20 min 29 s. 4. Let P and @ be the two positions of the plane and let A be the point of the observation. Let ABC be the horizontal line through A. It is given that angles of elevation of the plane jin two positions P and Q from a point A on the ground are 60° and 30° respectively. Then, 2PAB = 60°, 2QAB = 30" Ihs-als6 given that QG= P= 1200/3. In right APAB, we have PB taneoe AB 1200v5 120098 _ yg AB & 12003 _ 100m 3 In right AACO, we have ca €2 _tan30° Se 30 = AB 1200/3 _ 1 ac Vs = AC = 1200 x 3 = 3600 m PQ = BC = AC — AB = (3600 — 1200) m ‘Thus, the plane travels 2400 m in 30 s. 2400m “308 80 Hence, the speed of the plane = =80ms Pp Q 1200/3 m 2400 m = 780, «60x60 = 288 km/h F000 Aakash Educational Services Limited - Rogd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456,“Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Level: | 5. Let AB be the tower and BC, BD are its shadow when the angles of elevation of the Sun are 45° and 30° respectively. Then, CD = 2x m. A Let AB = hm and BC = ym ] In right ABC, we have ‘3 h aa . AB a tan 45 aX ~~ a > = bat sey -@ — y—S— 2 In right AABD, we have AB = tan 30° na > yee Ve > Bn =y+2x = VBysy+2x {From (i) = By-y=2 = (WS-y =2x 2x W344 _ 2x (3 P23 +9, >" Bafa 3-1 | 25% = y= (W3+)x Since, h= y = hax Hence, height of the tower = (/3 +1) xm 6. Let AB be the height of a girl and C and D be the two different positions of the balloon. nx In right ABH, T cH . ero CH tan e0! | e32 87 a - 2-8 tot ar BH = B In night ABDE, [where “is as shown in the figure] DE . DE = tanao 74 - Bes = Beare ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456,‘Some Applications of Trigonometry ‘Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Levelt) Now, x = BE— BH = 878-5 v3 a7 x 2% ¥3 3 87 = 97 [ 292% V3 Distance travelled by the balloon = 58/3 m In right ABDC, we have ~% = tan y In Fight ABDF, we have 2h+x tanp. From (i) and (ii), we have Dhax = xtanp tance tanB 2htance tanB— tana, 2htane. Now. h + *= canp—tana house. Let AB = xm, BC Let B be a point f m above the lake. Let CD fh tan + x tana xm and BD = ym. ) where, x, y and f are as shown in figure] ii) > h(tanp + tance) tanB— tana Let ED be a window at height / and let AG be the height of & hm and BE= ym. In right AEBC, we have ¥ b y= neste In right AABE, we have cote = x= ytane = hr coty tano, Now, height of the house = n+ h cote tano 1h (1 + tand cots) Hence proved. SECTION-B : Objective Type Questions : 1. Answer (4) 2. Answer (3) tano (where h, x and y are as shown in figure) Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456‘Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Level ‘Some Applications of Trigonometry] a Answer (3) ‘Answer (1) Answer (1) Answer (1) Answer (3) Answer (4) Answer (1) Let CD be the cliff of he In right AADC, we have cD Gp = tane. SPNOEE h x = Betana => X= cota or x= heota In right ACEB, we have tanox> nh "50 or x= (50) cot fs From (i) and (ii), we get cot «x = h cot fi ~ 50 cot f = 50 cot = h cot — h cot a s0cotfs eotli cote 10. Answer (3) 14. Answer (2) 412. Answer (4) 19. Answer (1) 44. Answer (2) 415. Answer (2) In right SABC, tana = 2 0 In right AABD, tan(90° — a) h = ota= 7 16 = tana 16 ei) Int h metre. Then, BD=220m (i Then, cb = 00 —ac = 220-2208 . 930]. -2] 229 (0. va) 220 220 = 28 xc¢s 1.782) = 220 1.268 = (200.423) m This distance CD is covered by the boat in 3 minutes, Distance =220%0.423 Speed of the boat = "7" oe = 0.517 ms. Hence, speed of boat is 0.517 mis. 5. Let O be the centre of the balloon of radius 60 cm and Pibe the paint where eye’ of the observer. Let PA, PB be tangents from P to the balloon. Then ZAPB = 60” +. ZAPO = ZBPO = 30" Let OL be perpendicular from © on the horizontal PX. We are given that the angle of elevation of the centre Of the balloon is 45°. Le. ZOPL = 45" In AQAP, we have singor = 24 oP 1_ 50 2” OP x OP = 100 cm a In AOPL, we have om Pp fox sinas = OF 1 _ 100, V2 OL = OP sin4s° = 100 22 — 50/2 em a va ia 6. Let the height of the tower be hm. In aABC, AB ° AB = tans 2 = tans6° = Zo tanse: a0) Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456‘Anawere & Solitions of Mathematics - Clase X (Lever [> tan (90° — 56") = tan 34") (On multiplying (i) and (ii), we get ne oe ° Sonag ~ an 56° he =68™ 85 + h=34J/5m 7. Let AB be the height of the mountain and O be the fixed point such that the angle of elevation of the mountain is 60° e., 2AOB = 60" and OC = m metres. From C draw CD | AB and CE 1 OA. Then ZBCD = 75°. Let h be the height of the:mountain AB and ZAOC = 45°, In AOCE, we have In AOAB, we have AB . AS = taneo V3 = OA EA=0a-of =m pal V3 V2 EA=cD = Inasep, 6D BD _tan75° ep 'an7s = 90-0031) V3-4 V3+4 . an-a0-(0n-06( 5) Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi 110005 Ph.011-47623456,“Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Level) — = [&- Bava p22 30h _ -mea+ 8), m - V2 = 28+ = Sane Bevs-9 za [Z| = Bs +o mB + eg HD BV +) VE 22 v2 V6W5+1) 4 h= SECTION-B : Objective Type Questions”! 1 Answer (3) Speed of the man = 40 mimin = 2 2 p Aa 2.24-16%m 3 aa-2-10-1am Kes J A go tanase = PQ _ PQ 40746 PO= 16 mie, height ofthe tower = 16 m y Answer (1) Be 2 3 Let BC be the tower and A, D are the pointe of observation, then cot0~"2.tano=2 and Ab = 240 m, c Now, in ght SABC, we have ac BS samo ec s 12 no- = E [+ coto=12 > tano- 8] BD+ 240 ~ 72 A lo Aa a 240 m— >’ = 128C = SBD + 1200 ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456,‘Some Applications of Trigonometry ‘Answers & Solitions of Mathematics - Class X (Levelt) Again, in right ADBC, we have ac . Be_3 BD BD 4 = sc-=2ap o ap-4ac a 3 From (i) and (i . we get 128c -5x 4.8 +1200 > 368C = 208C +3600 — 168C = 3600 3600 16 Hence, height of the tower is 225 m. = Bc 225m Alternative Method : 12 Since coto = 2 Let BC and AB be 5x and 12x: Now. in right triangle BDC, ac tang = BS ° BD 3_ 5x = 47 i2x-240 > «=45 BC = 45 x 5 = 225m 3. Answer (1) Here, BD is the lake level and cloud Is at point P. Let PD = hm In right AAPC, naoe P= @ tango = "=8 1 _h-a eae AC = (haw In right aac, hee tango = 28 nee ¥ (h-ay/3 + 3h-3a=h+e h=20 Height of the cloud above lake is 2am, Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office © 0 > —_—I— ® > Sor > hea mo o 0 a Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456‘Anewore & Solutions of Mathematics - Clase X (Level) — 4. Answer (3) 5. Answer (2) We know that the sum of a positive number and its reciprocal is a aways rotor than 2. Therefore, min(x 2) 2 AB 7 ~ 48 -tanas = AB = 0=n=min(x+3) al © = 2 units 6. Answer (1) Guon = as4 Also, AC? = AB? + BC? = (a+ df= a+ (aay - = a+ P+ 2ad= at +a? +P =2ad = 4ad= a = a(a-4d)=0 Bl c = Either a= 0 ora = 4d sxe ata SECTION-C : Assertion & RéaBen Typé QueStions : 4. Answer (3) 2. Answer (3) “Answer (4) Let the height of the pole bef AB ih tana = AB = Pe o AB__h tanB = Bp ~ Bev a i) Divide equation (1) by equation (li), we get h tana BG _ BC +a tanh fh} «BG Gera) = e144 ie, BC= VB = 14 (3-1) Aakash Educational Sorvices Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Towor, 8, Pusa Road, Now Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456a ‘Some Applications of Trigonometry ‘Answers & Solutions of Mathematics - Class X (Level) = Height of the pole = (ga) to, {8+ Dtana (Multiplying by (V3 +1) in the numerator and denominator) 4. Answer (4) 5. Answer (2) SECTION-D : Match the columns Type Questions : 4. Answer (2) 2. Answer (3) Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456