Chapter 12

Chemical Kinetics and Nuclear Chemistry

1. The half life period of a first order chemical reaction 5. For a first order reaction, (A) o products, the
is 6.93 minutes. The time required for the concentration of A changes from 0.1 M to 0.025 M
completion of 99% of the chemical reaction will be in 40 minutes. The rate of reaction when the
(log 2 = 0.301) [AIEEE-2009] concentration of A is 0.01M, is [AIEEE-2012]
(1) 23.03 minutes (2) 46.06 minutes (1) 3.47 × 10–4 M/min (2) 3.47 × 10–5 M/min
(3) 460.6 minutes (4) 230.3 minutes (3) 1.73 × 10–4 M/min (4) 1.73 × 10–5 M/min
2. Consider the reaction
6. The rate of a reaction doubles when its temperature
Cl2 (aq) + H2S (aq) o S(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) changes from 300 K to 310 K. Activation energy of
The rate equation for this reaction is such a reaction will be [JEE (Main)-2013]
rate = k [Cl2] [H2S] (R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1 and log2 = 0.301)
Which of these mechanisms is/are consistent with (1) 53.6 kJ mol–1 (2) 48.6 kJ mol–1
this rate equation?
(3) 58.5 kJ mol–1 (4) 60.5 kJ mol–1
A. Cl2 + H2S o H+ + Cl– + Cl+ + HS– (slow)
7. For the non-stoichiometre reaction 2A + B o C +
Cl+ + HS– o H+ + Cl– + S (fast) D, the following kinetic data were obtained in three
B. H2S œ H+ + HS– (fast equilibrium) separate experiments, all at 298 K.
Cl2 + HS– o 2Cl– + H+ + S (slow)
Initial Initial Initial rate of
[AIEEE-2010] Concentration Concentration formation of C
(1) A only (2) B only (A) (B) (mol L–1s–1 )
(3) Both (A) & (B) (4) Neither (A) nor (B) 0.1 M 0.1 M 1.2 × 10 –3
3. The time for half life period of a certain reaction 0.1 M 0.2 M 1.2 × 10 –3
0.2 M 0.1 M 2.4 × 10 –3
A o Products is 1 h. W hen the initial
concentration of the reactant 'A', is 2.0 mol L–1, The rate law for the formation of C is
how much time does it take for its concentration [JEE (Main)-2014]
to come from 0.50 to 0.25 mol L–1 if it is a zero
dC dC
order reaction? [AIEEE-2010] (1) k[A][B] (2) k[A]2 [B]
dt dt
(1) 1 h (2) 4 h
(3) 0.5 h (4) 0.25 h dC dC
(3) k[A] [B]2 (4) k[A]
4. A reactant (A) forms two products : dt dt

A 
1k
o B, Activation energy Ea1 8. Higher order (>3) reactions are rare due to
[JEE (Main)-2015]
k
A o
2
C , Activation energy Ea2 (1) Low probability of simultaneous collision of all
the reacting species
If Ea2 2Ea1 , then k1 and k2 are related as
(2) Increase in entropy and activation energy as
[AIEEE-2011] more molecules are involved

(1) k 1 k2e
E a1 /RT
(2) k1 2k 2e
Ea2 /RT (3) Shifting of equilibrium towards reactants due to
elastic collisions
Ea1 /RT Ea2 /RT
(3) k 2 k1e (4) k 2 k1e (4) Loss of active species on collision

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9. Decomposition of H 2 O 2 follows a first order
reaction. In fifty minutes, the concentration of H2O2
decreases from 0.5 to 0.25 M in one such
decomposition. When the concentration of H2O2
reaches 0.05 M, the rate of formation of O2 will be
[JEE (Main)-2016]
(1) 6.93 × 10–4 mol min–1
(2) 2.66 L min–1 at STP
14. Consider the given plots for a reaction obeying
Arrhenius equation (0°C < T < 300°C) : (k and Ea
are rate constant and activation energy,
respectively)
k k

(3) 1.34 × 10–2 mol min–1

(4) 6.93 × 10–2 mol min–1
10. Two reactions R 1 and R 2 have identical pre- Ea T(°C)
exponential factors. Activation energy of R 1 I II
exceeds that of R2 by 10 kJ mol–1. If k1 and k2 are Choose the correct option: [JEE (Main)-2019]
rate constants for reactions R1 and R2 respectively
(1) I is wrong but II is right
at 300 K, then ln(k2/k1) is equal to
(R = 8.314 J mole–1 K–1) [JEE (Main)-2017] (2) Both I and II are correct

(1) 6 (2) 4 (3) Both I and II are wrong

(3) 8 (4) 12 (4) I is right but II is wrong
11. At 518°C, the rate of decomposition of a sample of 15. W hich of the following is not an example of
gaseous acetaldehyde, initially at a pressure of heterogeneous catalytic reaction?
363 torr, was 1.00 torr s–1 when 5% had reacted
and 0.5 torr s–1 when 33% had reacted. The order [JEE (Main)-2019]
of the reaction is [JEE (Main)-2018] (1) Combustion of coal
(1) 2 (2) 3 (2) Ostwald’s process
(3) 1 (4) 0
(3) Hydrogenation of vegetable oils
12. The following results were obtained during kinetic
studies of the reaction ; 2 A + B oProducts (4) Haber’s process

[A] [B] Initial Rate of reaction 16. For an elementary chemical reaction,
Experiment
(in mol L–1) (in mol L–1) (in mol L–1 min–1)
k1 d> A @
–3
ZZZZ
A 2 YZZZ X
Z 2A , the expression for is
I 0.10 0.20 6.93 × 10 k –1 dt
–3
II 0.10 0.25 6.93 × 10
–2
[JEE (Main)-2019]
III 0.20 0.30 1.386 × 10
(1) k1 [A2] + k–1 [A]2
The time (in minutes) required to consume half of
A is [JEE (Main)-2019] (2) 2k1 [A2] – 2k–1 [A]2
(1) 100 (2) 1 (3) 2k1 [A2] – k–1 [A]2
(3) 5 (4) 10 (4) k1 [A2] – k–1 [A]2
13. For the reaction, 2A + B o products, when the 17. If a reaction follows the Arrhenius equation, the plot
concentration of A and B both were doubled, the
rate of the reaction increased from 0.3 mol L–1s–1 1
Ink vs gives straight line with a gradient
to 2.4 mol L–1s–1. When the concentration of A RT
alone is doubled, the rate increased from 0.3 mol
(–y) unit. The energy required to activate the
L–1s–1 to 0.6 mol L–1s–1. Which one of the following
reactant is [JEE (Main)-2019]
statements is correct? [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) Order of the reaction with respect to A is 2 (1) yR unit

(2) Order of the reaction with respect to B is 1 (2) y/R unit

(3) Order of the reaction with respect to B is 2 (3) –y unit
(4) Total order of the reaction is 4 (4) y unit

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18. The reaction 2X o B is a zeroth order reaction. If 23. The given plots represent the variation of the
the initial concentration of X is 0.2 M, the half-life concentration of a reactant R with time for two
is 6 h. When the initial concentration of X is 0.5 different reactions (i) and (ii). The respective orders
M, the time required to reach its final of the reactions are
concentration of 0.2 M will be [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) 12.0 h (2) 7.2 h
In [R] [R]
(3) 9.0 h (4) 18.0 h
19. Decomposition of X exhibits a rate constant of
0.05 Pg/year. How many years are required for the
decomposition of 5 Pg of X into 2.5 Pg? Time Time

[JEE (Main)-2019] (i) (ii)

[JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) 40 (2) 20
(1) 0, 1 (2) 1, 1
(3) 50 (4) 25
(3) 1, 0 (4) 0, 2
20. For a reaction, consider the plot of In k versus 1/
24. Consider the given plot of enthalpy of the following
T given in the figure. If the rate constant of this
reaction between A and B.
reaction at 400 K is 10 –5 s –1 , then the rate
constant at 500 K is A B o CD
Identify the incorrect statement.

Enthalpy (kJ mol–1)

In k Slope = – 4606 K 20
15
10
1/T D
[JEE (Main)-2019] 5
A+ B
C
(1) 4 × 10–4 s–1 (2) 10–6 s–1
Reaction Coordinate
(3) 2 × 10–4 s–1 (4) 10–4 s–1
[JEE (Main)-2019]
21. For the reaction 2A + B o C, the values of initial
(1) Activation enthalpy to form C is 5 kJ mol–1
rate at different reactant concentrations are given in
less than that to form D
the table below. The rate law for the reaction is
(2) D is kinetically stable product
Initial Rate
[A](mol L1) [B](mol L1) (3) Formation of A and B from C has highest
(mol L1 s1)
enthalpy of activation
0.05 0.05 0.045
(4) C is the thermodynamically stable product
0.10 0.05 0.090
0.20 0.10 0.72 25. A bacterial infection in an internal wound grows as
Nc(t) = N0exp(t), where the time t is in hours. A
[JEE (Main)-2019] dose of antibiotic, taken orally, needs 1 hour to
reach the wound. Once it reaches there, the
(1) Rate = k[A]2[B]2 (2) Rate = k[A][B]
(3) Rate = k[A]2[B] (4) Rate = k[A][B]2 dN
bacterial population goes down as = – 5N2.
dt
k1 k2
22. For a reaction scheme A o B o C, if the N0
What will be the plot of vs. t after 1 hour ?
rate of formation of B is set to be zero then the N
concentration of B is given by : [JEE (Main)-2019] [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) k1k 2[A] (2) (k1 – k2) [A]
N0 N0
§k · (1) (2)
(3) ¨ 1 ¸ > A @ (4) (k1 + k2) [A] N N
© k2 ¹ t (h) t (h)

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 31. Consider the following plots of rate constant versus
1
N0 for four different reactions. W hich of the
(3) (4) N0 T
N N
following orders is correct for the activation
t (h) t (h) energies of these reactions?
26. For the reaction of H2 with I2, the rate constant
is 2.5 × 10 –4 dm 3 mol –1 s –1 at 327°C and
1.0 dm3 mol–1 s–1 at 527°C. The activation energy log k a
for the reaction, in kJ mol–1 is : d c
(R = 8.314 J K–1 mol–1) [JEE (Main)-2019]
b
(1) 150 (2) 59
(3) 72 (4) 166 1/T
27. In the following reaction; xA o yB [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) Eb > Ea > Ed > Ec (2) Ec > Ea > Ed > Eb
ª d[A] º ª d[B] º
log10 «  log10 «  0.3010
¬ dt »¼ ¬ dt »¼
(3) Ea > Ec > Ed > Eb (4) Eb > Ed > Ec > Ea
32. For following reactions
‘A’ and ‘B’ respectively can be [JEE (Main)-2019]
700 K
(1) C2H4 and C4H8 A  o Product
(2) N2O4 and NO2 500 K
A  o Product
catalyst
(3) n-Butane and Iso-butane
it was found that the E a is decreased by
(4) C2H2 and C6H6
30 kJ/ mol in the presence of catalyst. If the rate
28. NO2 required for a reaction is produced by the remains unchanged, the activation energy for
decomposition of N2O5 in CCI4 as per the equation, catalysed reaction is (Assume pre exponential factor
2N2O5(g) o 4 NO2(g) + O2(g). is same) [JEE (Main)-2020]
The initial concentration of N2O5 is 3.00 mol L–1 (1) 75 kJ/mol (2) 198 kJ/mol
and it is 2.75 mol L–1 after 30 minutes. The rate
of formation of NO 2 is [JEE (Main)-2019] (3) 105 kJ/mol (4) 135 kJ/mol

(1) 1.667 × 10–2 mol L–1 min–1 33. Consider the reaction sequence given below:
(2) 4.167 × 10–3 mol L–1 min–1 OH
Br OH + Br ...(1)
(3) 8.333 × 10–3 mol L–1 min–1 H 2O
rate = k[t-BuBr]
(4) 2.083 × 10–3 mol L–1 min–1
29. For the reaction CH3
OH
+ HOH + Br ...(2)
2H2 (g)  2NO(g) o N2 (g)  2H2O(g) C 2H 5OH H 2C CH3
rate = k[t-BuBr][OH ]
the observed rate expression is,
rate = k f[NO]2[H2]. The rate expression for the Which of the following statements is true?
reverse reaction is : [JEE (Main)-2020]
[JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) kb[N2][H2O]2/[NO] (2) kb[N2][H2O]
(1) Changing the concentration of base will have
(3) kb[N2][H2O]2 (4) kb[N2][H2O]2/[H2] no effect on reaction (2)
30. The rate of a certain biochemical reaction at (2) Changing the concentration of base will have
physiological temperature (T) occurs 106 times faster
no effect on reaction (1)
with enzyme than without. The change in the
activation energy upon adding enzyme is (3) Changing the base from OH to OR will have
[JEE (Main)-2020] no effect on reaction (2)

(1) – 6RT (2) + 6RT (4) Doubling the concentration of base will double
the rate of both the reactions
(3) + 6(2.303)RT (4) – 6(2.303)RT

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34. The results given in the below table were obtained 38. The rate constant (k) of a reaction is measured at
during kinetic studies of the following reaction different temperatures (T), and the data are plotted
in the given figure. The activation energy of the
2 A + B oC + D
reaction in kJ mol–1 is (R is gas constant)
[A] / [B] / Initial rate /
Experiment –1 –1
mol L mol L mol L–1 min–1 10
–3
I 0.1 0.1 6.00 u 10
In k
II 0.1 0.2 2.40 u 10 –2 5
–2
III 0.2 0.1 1.20 u 10
IV X 0.2 7.20 u 10 –2 0
V 0.3 Y 2.88 u 10 –1 1 2 3 4 5
103
X and Y in the given table are respectively
T
[JEE (Main)-2020] [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 0.4, 0.3 (2) 0.3, 0.4 (1) 1/R (2) 2/R
(3) 0.4, 0.4 (4) 0.3, 0.3 (3) 2R (4) R
35. It is true that [JEE (Main)-2020] 39. Consider the following reactions
(1) A zero order reaction is a single step reaction A o P1 ; B o P2 ; C o P3 ; D o P4,

(2) A zero order reaction is a multistep reaction The order of the above reactions are a, b, c, and
d, respectively. The following graph is obtained
(3) A frist order reaction is always a single step when log[rate] vs. log[conc.] are plotted
reaction
[D] [B]
(4) A second order reaction is always a multistep [A]
reaction [C]
log [rate]

3
36. For the reaction 2A  3B  C o 3P , which
2
statement is correct? [JEE (Main)-2020]

dnA 3 dnB 3 dnC log [conc.]

(1)
dt 2 dt 4 dt Among the following, the correct sequence for the
order of the reactions is [JEE (Main)-2020]
dn A dnB dnC
(2) (1) d > b > a > c (2) d > a > b > c
dt dt dt
(3) a > b > c > d (4) c > a > b > d
dnA 2 dnB 4 dnC 40. During the nuclear explosion, one of the products
(3)
dt 3 dt 3 dt is 90Sr with half life of 6.93 years. If 1 Pg of 90Sr
was absorbed in the bones of a newly born baby
dnA 2 dnB 3 dnC in place of Ca, how much time, in years, is
(4)
dt 3 dt 4 dt required to reduce it by 90% if it is not lost
37. A flask contains a mixture of compounds A and B. metabolically _________. [JEE (Main)-2020]
Both compounds decompose by first-order 41. A sample of milk splits after 60 min. at 300 K and
kinetics. The half-lives for A and B are 300 s and after 40 min. at 400 K when the population of
180 s, respectively. lf the concentrations of A and lactobacillus acidophilus in it doubles. The
B are equal initially, the time required for the activation energy (in kJ/mol) for this process is
concentration of A to be four times that of B (in s) closest to ___________ . [JEE (Main)-2020]
is : (Use In 2 = 0.693) [JEE (Main)-2020]
§2·
(1) 120 (2) 300 (Given, R = 8.3 J mol–1K–1, ln ¨ ¸ 0.4, e–3 = 4.0)
©3¹
(3) 180 (4) 900
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42. If 75% of a first order reaction was completed in 90
minutes, 60% of the same reaction would be
completed in approximately (in minutes) _______.
(Take : log 2 = 0.30; log 2.5 = 0.40)
[JEE (Main)-2020]
43. The number of molecules with energy greater than
the threshold energy for a reaction increases five
fold by a rise of temperature from 27°C to 42°C. Its
energy of activation inJ/mol is _____.
(Take In 5 = 1.6094; R = 8.314 J mol–1 K–1)
[JEE (Main)-2020]
44. The rate of a reaction decreased by 3.555 times
when the temperature was changed from 40°C to
30°C. The activation energy (in kJ mol –1 ) of
the reaction is _______. Take; R = 8.314 J mol–1
K–1 ln 3.555 = 1.268 [JEE (Main)-2020]
45. Gaseous cyclobutene isomerizes to butadiene in a
first order process which has a ‘k’ value of 3.3 ×
10–4 s–1 at 153°C. The time in minutes it takes for
the isomerization to proceed 40% to completion at
this temperature is __________. (Rounded off to
the nearest integer) [JEE (Main)-2021]
46. Sucrose hydrolyses in acid solution into glucose
and fructose following first order rate law with a half-
life of 3.33 h at 25ºC. After 9 h, the fraction of
§ 1·
sucrose remaining is f. The value of log10 ¨ ¸ is
©f¹
______ × 10–2. (Rounded off to the nearest integer)
[Assume : In 10 = 2.303, ln 2 = 0.693]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
47. For the reaction, aA + bB o cC +dD, the plot of
1 [JEE (Main)-2021]
log k vs is given below:
T 53. For a certain first order reaction 32% of the reactant
slope = –10000 K
log k
1/T
The temperature at which the rate constant of the
reaction is 10–4s–1 is ________ K.
(Rounded-off to the nearest integer)
[Given : The rate constant of the reaction is
10–5s–1 at 500 K.] [JEE (Main)-2021]
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48. The rate constant of a reaction increases by five
times on increase in temperature from 27°C to
52°C. The value of activation energy in kJ mol–1 is
_______. (Rounded-off to the nearest integer)
[R = 8.314 J K–1 mol–1] [JEE (Main)-2021]
49. An exothermic reaction X o Y has an activation
energy 30 kJ mol–1. If energy change 'E during the
reaction is –20 kJ, then the activation energy for
the reverse reaction in kJ is ________. (Integer
answer) [JEE (Main)-2021]
50. If the activation energy of a reaction is 80.9 kJ
mol–1, the fraction of molecules at 700 K, having
enough energy to react to form products is e–x.
The value of x is _________. (Rounded off to the
nearest integer)
[Use R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1] [JEE (Main)-2021]
51. The decomposition of formic acid on gold surface
follows first order kinetics. If the rate constant at
300 K is 1.0 × 10–3 s–1 and the activation energy
Ea = 11.488 kJ mol–1, the rate constant at 200 K
is _____ × 10–5 s–1. (Round off to the Nearest
Integer) [JEE (Main)-2021]
52. A and B decompose via first order kinetics with
half-lives 54.0 min and 18.0 min respectively.
Starting from an equimolar non reactive mixture of
A and B, the time taken for the concentration of
A to becom e 16 times that of B is
___________min.
(Round off to the Nearest Integer).
is left after 570 s. The rate constant of this
reaction is __________ × 10–3 s–1.
(Round off to the Nearest Integer).
[Given log102 = 0.301, ln10 = 2.303]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
54. The reaction 2A + B2 o 2AB is an elementary
reaction. For a certain quantity of reactants. If the
volume of the reaction vessel is reduced by a
factor of 3, the rate of the reaction increases by
a factor of _____. (Round off to the Nearest
Integer). [JEE (Main)-2021]
55. 2NO(g)  Cl2 (g) U 2NOCl(s) 60. For the following graphs,

This reaction was studied at –10ºC and the

following data was obtained
t1
run [NO]0 [Cl2]0 r0 Rate 2

1 0.10 0.10 0.18 (a) (b)

Initial
2 0.10 0.20 0.35 Time concentration
3 0.20 0.20 1.40
[NO]0 and [Cl2]0 are the initial concentrations and

Concentration
Concentration
r0 is the initial reaction rate.
The overall order of the reaction is ________.
(c) (d)
(Round off to the Nearest Integer).
[JEE (Main)-2021] Time Time

56. A first order reaction has a half life of 1 min. The

time required for 99.9% completion of the reaction
is ______min. (Round off to the Nearest integer).

[Use : In 2 = 0.69; In 10 = 2.3]

(e)
[JEE (Main)-2021]
57. The inactivation rate of a viral preparation is
proportional to the amount of virus. In the first
Choose from the options given below, the correct
minute after preparation, 10% of the virus is
one regarding order of reaction is
inactivated. The rate constant for viral inactivation
is ______ × 10–3 min–1. (Nearest integer) [JEE (Main)-2021]
[Use : In 10 = 2.303; log10 3 = 0.477; (1) (a) and (b) Zero order
property of logarithm : log xy = y log x] (c) and (e) First order
[JEE (Main)-2021] (2) (b) and (d) Zero order
58. PCI5(g) o PCI3(g) + CI2(g) (e) First order
In the above first order reaction the concentration (3) (a) and (b) Zero order
of PCI 5 reduces from initial concentration
50 mol L–1 to 10 mol L–1 in 120 minutes at 300 (e) First order
K.The rate constant for the reaction at 300 K is x (4) (b) Zero order
× 10–2 min–1. The value of x is ________.
(c) and (e) First order
Given: log5 = 0.6989 [JEE (Main)-2021]
61. For a chemical reaction A o B, it was found that
1 concentration of B is increased by 0.2 mol L–1 in
59. N2O5(g) o 2NO2(g)  O2(g) 30 min. The average rate of the reaction is
2
________ × 10–1 mol L–1h–1. (in nearest integer)
In the above first order reaction the initial
[JEE (Main)-2021]
concentration of N2O5 is 2.40 × 10–2 mol L–1 at
318 K. The concentration of N2O5 after 1 hour was 62. For a reaction of order n, the unit of the rate
1.60 × 10–2 mol L –1. The rate constant of the constant is :
reaction at 318 K is ______ × 10–3 min–1. (Nearest (1) mol1 – n L2n s–1 (2) mol1 – n L1 – n s–1
integer)
(3) mol1 – n Ln – 1 s–1 (4) mol1 – n L1 – n s
[Given : log 3 = 0.477, log 5 = 0.699]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
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63. For the first order reaction A o 2B, 1 mole of 67. The first order rate constant for the decomposition
reactant A gives 0.2 moles of B after 100 minutes. of CaCO 3 at 700 K is 6.36 × 10 –3 s –1 and
The half life of the reaction is ________ min. activation energy is 209 kJ mol–1. Its rate constant
(Round off to the Nearest Integer). (in s–1) at 600 K is x × 10–6. The value of x is
_____. (Nearest integer)
[Use : In 2 = 0.69, In 10 = 2.3
[Given R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1; log 6.36 × 10–3 =
Properties of logarithms : In xy = y In x;
–2.19, 10–4.79 = 1.62 × 10–5]
§x·
In ¨ ¸ = In x – In y] [JEE (Main)-2021]
©y¹
[JEE (Main)-2021] 68. For a first order reaction, the ratio of the time for
75% completion of a reaction to the time for 50%
64. The following data was obtained for chemical
completion is _______. (Integer answer)
reaction given below at 975 K.
[JEE (Main)-2021]
2NO(g) + 2H2(g) o N2(g)  2H2O(g)
69. According to the following figure, the magnitude of
[NO] [H2] Rate the enthalpy change of the reaction

mol L–1 mol L–1 mol L–1s–1 A  B o M  N in kJ mol–1

(A) 8 × 10–5 8 × 10–5 7 × 10–9 is equal to _____. (Integer answer)

(B) 24 × 10–5 8 × 10–5 2.1 × 10–8
(C) 24 × 10–5 32 × 10–5 8.4 × 10–8 x x = 20 kJ mol
–1

A+ B –1
The order of the reaction with respect to NO is y = 45 kJ mol
_____. (Integer answer) [JEE (Main)-2021] Energy y z = 15 kJ mol
–1

65. The reaction rate for the reaction M+N

[PtCl4]2– + H2O U [Pt(H2O)Cl3]– + Cl– z
Reaction Coordinate
was measured as a function of concentrations of
different species. It was observed that
[JEE (Main)-2021]
d ª¬[PtCl4 ] º¼
2
70. For the reaction A o B, the rate constant k (in s–1)
4.8 u 10 5 ª¬[PtCl4 ]2  º¼ is given by
dt
 2.4 u 10 3 ª>Pt(H2 O)Cl3 @ º [Cl ].


¬ ¼ (2.47 u 103 )
log10 k 20.35 
T
where square brackets are used to denote molar
The energy of activation in kJ mol–1 is ________.
concentrations. The equilibrium constant
(Nearest integer)
Kc = _______. (Nearest integer)
[Given : R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
66. The reaction that occurs in a breath analyser, a
71. Which one of the following given graphs represents
device used to determine the alcohol level in a
the variation of rate constant (k) with temperature
person’s blood stream is (T) for an endothermic reaction?
2K2Cr2O7 + 8H2SO4 + 3C2H6O o 2Cr2(SO4)3 + [JEE (Main)-2021]
3C2H4O2 + 2K2SO4 + 11H2O
If the rate of appearance of Cr2(SO4)3 is 2.67 mol
min –1 at a particular time, the rate of (1) k (2) k
disappearance of C2H6O at the same time is _____
mol min–1. (Nearest integer) [JEE (Main)-2021] T T

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(3) k (4) k
T T
72. The rate constants for decomposition of acetaldehyde
have been measured over the temperature range 700
– 1000 K. The data has been analysed by plotting
103
In k vs graph. The value of activation energy for
T K c, Catalysed
the reaction is ______ kJ mol–1. (Nearest integer)
(Given : R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1)
[JEE (Main)-2022]
73. For a first order reaction, the time required for
completion of 90% reaction is ‘x’ times the half life
of the reaction. The value of ‘x’ is (Given: In 10 =
2.303 and log 2 = 0.3010) [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) 1.12 (2) 2.43
(3) 3.32 (4) 33.31
74. For a given chemical reaction
J1A + J 2B o J 3 C + J 4D
Concentration of C changes from 10 mmol dm–3 to
20 mmol dm–3 in 10 seconds. Rate of appearance
of D is 1.5 times the rate of disappearance of B
which is twice the rate of disappearance A. The rate
of appearance of D has been experimentally
determined to be 9 mmol dm–3 s–1. Therefore, the
rate of reaction is _____ mmol dm–3 s–1.
(Nearest Integer)
[JEE (Main)-2022]
75. At 345 K, the half life for the decomposition of a
sample of a gaseous compound initially at 55.5 kPa
was 340 s. When the pressure was 27.8 kPa, the
half life was found to be 170 s. The order of the
reaction is ________. [integer answer]
[JEE (Main)-2022]
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76. A flask is filled with equal moles of A and B. The half
lives of A and B are 100 s and 50 s respectively and
are independent of the initial concentration. The time
required for the concentration of A to be four times
that of B is ________s.
(Given : In 2 = 0.693) [JEE (Main)-2022]
77. Catalyst A reduces the activation energy for a reaction
by 10 kJ mol–1 at 300 K. The ratio of rate constants,
is e x . T he value of x is
K, Uncatalysed
____.[nearest integer]
[Assume that the pre-exponential factor is same in
both the cases Given R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1]
[JEE (Main)-2022]
78. The rate constant for a first order reaction is given
by the following equation :
2.0 u 104 K
lnk 33.24 
T
The activation energy for the reaction is given by
______ kJ mol–1. (In nearest integer)
(Given : R = 8.3 J K–1 mol–1) [JEE (Main)-2022]
79. It has been found that for a chemical reaction with
rise in temperature by 9 K the rate constant gets
doubled. Assuming a reaction to be occurring at 300
K, the value of activation energy is found to be
_________kJ mol–1. [nearest integer]
(Given ln10 = 2.3, R = 8.3 J K–1 mol–1, log 2 = 0.30)
[JEE (Main)-2022]
80. For a first order reaction A o B, the rate constant, k
= 5.5 × 10 –14 s –1. The time required for 67%
completion of reaction is x × 10–1 times the half life
of reaction. The value of x is _____ (Nearest integer)
[JEE (Main)-2022]
81. A radioactive element has a half life of 200 days.
The percentage of original activity remaining after
83 days is ________. (Nearest integer)
(Given : antilog 0.125 = 1.333,
antilog 0.693 = 4.93) [JEE (Main)-2022]
82. The activation energy of one of the reactions in a 87. At 30ºC, the half life for the decomposition of AB2 is
biochemical process is 532611 J mol–1. When the 200 s and is independent of the initial concentration
temperature falls from 310 K to 300 K, the change of AB2. The time required for 80% of the AB2 to
in rate constant observed is k300 = x × 10–3 k 310. decompose is
The value of x is ______.
(Given : log 2 = 0.30, log 3 = 0.48)
[Given: ln10 = 2.3, R = 8.3 JK–1 mol–1] [JEE (Main)-2022]
[JEE (Main)-2022] (1) 200 s (2) 323 s
(3) 467 s (4) 532 s
83. The equation
88. 2NO + 2H2 o N2 + 2H2O
k = (6.5 × 1012s –1)e–26000K/T is followed for the
The above reaction has been studied at 800°C. The
decomposition of compound A. The activation energy
related date are given in the table below
for the reaction is ______ kJ mol–1. [nearest integer]

(Given : R = 8.314 J K–1 mol–1]

[JEE (Main)-2022]
84. The half-life for the decomposition of gaseous
compound A is 240 s when the gaseous pressure
was 500 torr initially. When the pressure was
250 torr, the half-life was found to be 4.0 min. The
order of the reaction is ______. (Nearest integer)
[JEE (Main)-2022]
85. For the decomposition of azomethane,
CH3N2CH3(g) oCH3CH3(g) + N2(g), a first order
reaction, the variation in partial pressure with time at
600 K is given as
The order of the reaction with respect to NO is ___.

[JEE (Main)-2022]

89. [A] o [B]

Reactant Product

If formation of compound [B] follows the first order of

The half life of the reaction is ______ × 10–5s.
[Nearest integer]
[JEE (Main)-2022]
86. For a reaction A o2B + C the half lives are 100 s
and 50 s when the concentration of reactant A is 0.5
and 1.0 mol L–1 respectively. The order of the reaction
is ________. (Nearest integer)
[JEE (Main)-2022]
kinetics and after 70 minutes the concentration of [A]
was found to be half of its initial concentration. Then
the rate constant of the reaction is x × 10–6 s–1. The
value of x is _________. (Nearest Integer)
[JEE (Main)-2022]
90. For the given first order reaction A o B, the half-life
of the reaction is 0.3010 min. The ratio of the initial
concentration of reactant to the concentration of
reactant at time 2.0 min will be equal to ______.
(Nearest integer) [JEE (Main)-2022]

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91. For a reaction, given below is the graph of ln k vs
1
. The activation energy for the reaction is equal
T
to____ cal mol–1. (Nearest integer)
(Given: R = 2 cal K–1 mol–1)
94. For kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ion with
[JEE (Main)-2022]
92. The reaction between X and Y is first order with
respect to X and zero order with respect to Y.
Examine the data of table and calculate ratio of
numerical values of M and L. (Nearest integer)
[JEE (Main)-2022]
‰‰‰
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93. Assuming 1Pg of trace radioactive element X with a
half life of 30 years is absorbed by a growing tree.
The amount of X remaining in the tree after 100 years
is ______ × 10–1 Pg.
[Given : ln 10 = 2.303; log 2 = 0.30]
[JEE (Main)-2022]
H2O2 at room temperature :
(A) Always use freshly prepared starch solution.
(B) Always keep the concentration of sodium
thiosulphate solution less than that of Kl solution.
(C) Record the time immediately after the appearance
of blue colour.
(D) Record the time immediately before the
appearance of blue colour.
(E) Always keep the concentration of sodium
thiosulphate solution more than that of Kl solution.
Choose the correct answer from the options given
below :
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) (A), (B), (C) only (2) (A), (D), (E) only
(3) (D), (E) only (4) (A), (B), (E) only
Chapter 12

Chemical Kinetics and Nuclear Chemistry

1. Answer (2) 6. Answer (1)

ln 2 k2 Ea ª 1 1 º
t1/2 = log «  »
k k1 2.303R ¬ T1 T2 ¼

2.303 u 0.301
Ÿ k= Ea ª 1 1 º
6.93 log2 
2.303 u 8.314 ¬ 300 310 »¼
«

2.303 § a · 0.301u 2.303 u 8.314 u 300 u 310

Also, t = log ¨
k © a – 0.99a ¸¹ Ea
10

 53600 Jmol1 or 53.6 kJmol1

2.303 § 1 ·
Ÿ u 6.93 log ¨
© 0.01¹¸
t =
2.303 u 0.301 7. Answer (4)

= 46.05 minutes 2A  B o C  D

2. Answer (1) 1d[A] d[B]

Rate of Reaction = 
2 dt dt
Rate depends only on slow step
d[C] d[D]
3. Answer (4)
dt dt
Let rate of Reaction = k[A]x[B]y
a 2
K 1
2t 1 2 u1 d[C]
Or, k[A]x [B]y
2 dt
C0  Ct 0.5  0.25 Now from table,
t 0.25 h
K 1
1.2 × 10–3 = k [0.1]x[0.1]y ...(i)
4. Answer (1) 1.2 × 10–3 =k [0.1]x[0.2]y ...(ii)

k1 k 2 e
Ea1 /RT
. 2.4 × 10–3 = k [0.2]x[0.1]y ...(iii)
Dividing equation (i) by (ii)
–Ea1 /RT –Ea2 /RT
k1 Ae ,k 2 Ae
1.2 u103 k[0.1]x [0.1]y
Ÿ
1.2 u103 k[0.1]x [0.2]y
Ea1 2Ea1
lnk1  lnk 2  y
RT RT ª 1º
Ÿ 1 « »
¬2¼
k1 Ea1 /RT y 0
e Ÿ
k2
Now Dividing equation (i) by (iii)
Ea1 /RT
k1 k 2 e
1.2 u10 3 k[0.1]x [0.1]y
5. Answer (1) Ÿ
2.4 u103 k[0.2]x [0.1]y
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 1 x
ª 1º ª 1º x
Ÿ «2» «2» 1 § 344.85 ·
¬ ¼ ¬ ¼ ¨ ¸ Ÿ 2 (1.414)x
0.5 © 243.21 ¹
Ÿ x 1
Ÿ x=2
d[C] 12. Answer (3)
Hence k[A]1[B]0 .
dt
From experiment I and II, it is observed that order
8. Answer (1) of reaction w.r.t. 3 is zero.
Higher order greater than 3 for reaction is rare From experiment II and III,
because there is low probability of simultaneous D
1.386 u 10 2 § 0.2 ·
collision of all the reacting species. ¨ 0.1 ¸
6.93 u 10 3 © ¹
9. Answer (1)
? D=1
0.693 Rate = K[A]1
Rate = K[H2O2] = u 0.05
25
6.93 × 10–3 = K(0.1)

1 0.693 K = 6.93 × 10–2

Rate of formation of H2O2 = u u 0.05
2 25 For 2A + B o products

= 6.93 × 10–4 mol min–1 > A @0

2 Kt = ln
10. Answer (2) >A@
–Ea /RT 0.693
k1 = Ae 1
t1/2 =
2K
–Ea /RT
k2 = Ae 2
0.693
= =5
6.93 u 102 u 2
1
k2 Ea – Ea
= e RT 1 2
13. Answer (3)
k1
r = K[A]x [B]y
k Ea – Ea2 r2
ln 2 = 1 2x.2y 8Ÿ xy 3
k1 RT r1
r3
2x 2 Ÿx 1
3 r1
10 u 10
= |4
8.314 u 300 ? y= 2

11. Answer (1) 14. Answer (2)

Assume the order of reaction with respect to K Ae Ea /RT

acetaldehyde is x.
So, as Ea increases, K decreases.
Condition-1 :
and as T increases, K increases.
Rate = k[CH3CHO]x
15. Answer (1)
1 = k[363 × 0.95]x
C + O2 o CO2 No catalyst
1 = k[344.85]x ...(i)
Ostwald process :
Condition-2 :
Pt/Rh
4NH3  5O2  o 4NO  6H2O
0.5 = k[363 × 0.67]x
Haber’s process
0.5 = k[243.21]x ...(ii)
Fe
Divide equation (i) by (ii), N2  3H2  o 2NH3

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16. Answer (2) For zero order kinetics,
k1
ZZZZ X [X] = [X]0 – kt
A 2 YZZZ Z 2A
k –1
5  2.5
Ÿ t
1 d> A @ 0.05
– = k–1 [A]2 – k1 [A2]
2 dt 2.5
50 years
d> A @ 0.05
= –2k–1 [A]2 + 2k1 [A2]
dt 20. Answer (4)
Ea
d> A @ ln K ln A 
Ÿ = 2k1 [A2] – 2k–1 [A]2 RT
dt
Ea
Slope 4606 K
17. Answer (4) R

k Ae Ea /RT Ea § T2  T1 ·
§K ·
ln ¨ 2 ¸
Ea © K1 ¹ R ¨© T1T2 ¸¹
Ink In A 
RT
1 4606 100
For Ink versus , slope = –y =
RT 400 u 500
– y = – Ea = 2.303
ŸEa = y §K ·
Ÿ log ¨ 2 ¸ 1
18. Answer (4) © K1 ¹
For the reaction 2X o B, follow zeroth order K2
10
Rate equation is K1
2 Kt = [A]0 – [A] Ÿ K2 = 10K1
For the half-life = 10–5 × 10

> A @0 = 10–4 s–1

2 Kt
2 21. Answer (4)
2A + B o P
0.2
K Rate = k[A]x [B]y
2u 2u6
Exp-1, 0.045 = k[0.05]x [0.05]y …(i)
1 Exp-2, 0.090 = k[0.1]x [0.05]y …(ii)
K= M hr–1
120 Exp-3, 0.72 = k[0.2]x [0.1]y …(iii)
? time required to reach from 0.5 M to 0.2 M Divide equation (i) by equation (ii)
x
2 Kt = [A]0 – [A] 0.045 § 1 ·
Ÿx=1
0.090 ¨© 2 ¸¹
t = (0.5 – 0.2) × 60
Divide equation (i) by equation (iii)
= 18 hour y 1
0.045 § 0.05 · § 0.05 ·
0.72 ¨ 0.1 ¸ ¨ 0.2 ¸
© ¹ © ¹
19. Answer (3)
2 y
§ 1· § 1·
Rate constant of decomposition of X = 0.05 Pg/year ¨2¸ ¨2¸ Ÿ y = 2
© ¹ © ¹
From unit of rate constant, it is clear that the
decomposition follows zero order kinetics. Rate law = k[A]1 [B]2.

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22. Answer (3) 28. Answer (1)
k1
A o k2
B o C 2N2O5 o 4NO2 + O2

d[B] –1 d>N2O5 @ 1 d >NO2 @ d > O2 @

k1[A] – k 2 [B] 0 rate = = =
dt 2 dt 4 dt dt

k1[A] Since, instant of finding rate of formation of NO2 is

[B] not mentioned, hence
k2
23. Answer (3) – '[N2O5 ] 2.75 – 3 0.25
' =– = M min–1
Graph-(i) : In[Reactant] vs time is linear 't 30 30
Hence, 1st order
' >NO2 @ – '[N2O5 ]
Graph-(ii) : [Reactant] vs time is linear ? = 2×
't 't
Hence, zero order
24. Answer (1) 0.25
= 2×
Activation enthalpy to form C is 5 kJ more than 30
that to form D.
= 1.67 × 10–2 M min–1
25. Answer (2)
29. Answer (4)
When drug is administered bacterial growth is
dN
given by 5N2
k eq
kf >N 2 @ >H 2O@ 2
dt
N0
kb >H 2 @ 2 >NO@ 2
N0
Ÿ 1  5t N0 . Thus
Nt Nt increases linearly Rearranging
with t.
k b >N 2 @ >H 2O@
2
26. Answer (4) k f >NO@
2
>H 2 @
>H 2 @
K2 Ea §1 1·
log ¨  ¸ on comparing Rf and Rb at equilibrium,
K1 2.303R © T1 T2 ¹

1 Ea § 1

1 ·
Rb kb
>N 2 @ >H 2O@ 2
8.314 u 2.303 © 600 800 ¸¹
¨
log
2.5 u 104 >H 2 @
Ea 200 30. Answer (4)
3.6 u
8.314 u 2.303 600 u 800 The rate constant of a reaction is given by
Ea = 165.4 kJ/mol
| 166 kJ/mol k A e E a /RT

27. Answer (1) The rate constant in presence of catalyst is given by

xA oyB c
kc A e E a /RT
dA 1 dB
?
xdt y dt kc c
e (E a E a )/RT
k
dA dB x
u
dt dt y (E ca E a )/RT
10 6 e
ª dA º ª dB º §x·
log « » log « »  log ¨ ¸ (E ca  E a )
¬ dt ¼ dt
¬ ¼ ©y¹ ln 10 6 
RT
x
2
y
E ca  E a 6(2.303)RT
The reaction is of type 2A o B.

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31. Answer (2) Solving eq (1), (2) and (3), we get
a = 1, b = 2
Ea
logk log A – 6 × 10–3 = k(0.1)1 (0.1)2 from (1)
2.303 RT
k=6
Ea 7.2 × 10–2 = 6(x)1 (0.2)2 Ÿ x = 0.3
Slope –
2.303 R 2.88 × 10–2 = 6(0.3)1 (y)2 Ÿ y = 0.4

So correct order of activation energies 35. Answer (2)

Ÿ Ec > Ea > Ed > Eb Zero order reaction has complex mechanism. Zero
32. Answer (1) order reaction is a multistep reaction.

Rate of reaction at 700 K in the absence of catalyst 36. Answer (3)

= Rate of reaction at 500 K in the presence of
3
catalyst 2A  3B  C o 3P
2
(E a )  (E a ) c 30 kJ / mole
1 dn A 1 dn B 1 dn C
' Rate is same rate
2 dt 3 dt 3 / 2 dt
? Rate constant will also be same
(Assuming same value of pre exponential factor) dn A 2 dn B 4 dn C
dt 3 dt 3 dt
k Ae E a /RT
37. Answer (4)
E a (E a ) c
Ÿ ln2
R u 700 R u 500 ' A = A0e–kt k
t 1/2
Ÿ  5E a 7(E a ) c 7(E a  30)
ln 2
 ut
4B A 0e 300
Ÿ 2E a 210 Ÿ Ea 105 kJ / mol
? 
ln 2
ut [given A0 = B0, A = 4B]
? Activation energy in the presence of catalyst = B B 0e 180

105 – 30 = 75 kJ/mol
33. Answer (2) § 1
ln 2¨ 
1 ·
¸t
4 e © 180 300 ¹
For reaction 1
rate = K [t-BuBr] ...(1) t = 900 sec.

for reaction 2 38. Answer (3)

rate = K[t-BuBr][OH–] ...(2) E

 a
K Ae RT
Reaction 1 is independent of concentration of OH–
where as reaction 2 is dependent on concentration Ea
lnK ln A 
of OH– RT
Hence changing the concentration of base will have E a 10 3
no effect on reaction 1 lnK ln A 
10 3 RT
34. Answer (2) Ea 10
 3

Rate = k[A]a [B]b 10 R 5
6× 10–3 = k(0.1)a (0.1)b ...(1) Ea
Ÿ 2 u 10 3
2.4 × 10–3 = k(0.1)a (0.2)b ...(2) R
1.2 × 10–3 = k(0.2)a (0.1)b ...(3) Ÿ Ea = 2R kJ/mol.

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39. Answer (1) Time for completion of 60% of the reaction,
Rate = k[A]n 2.303 10
t 60% log
log[Rate] = log k + n log [A] K 4
slope = n [n is order of the reaction]
2.303 u 45
? Correct sequence for the order of the reaction is [1  0.6]  60
0.693
d>b>a>c 43. Answer (84297.48)
40. Answer (23.03)
' k = Ae E a /RT
An2 0.693
Decay constant (O) = half life = Assuming A and Ea to be temperature independent.
6.93
k2 Ea § 1 1 ·
ln 
= 0.1 yr–1 k1 R © T1 T 2 ¸¹
¨

§ 100 ·
Now O (t90%) = ln ¨ ¸ Ea § 1 1 ·
© 10 ¹ Ÿ ln 5 ¨  ¸
R © 300 315 ¹
t90% = 10 ln 10
1.6094 u 8.314 u 300 u 315
= 10 × 2.303 Ÿ Ea
15
= 23.03 yr
= 84297.48 J/mol
41. Answer (3.98)
44. Answer (100.00)
Using Arrehenius equation
E
 a
K Ae Ea/RT k Ae RT

Assuming A (pre - exponential factor remains same) Assuming A and Ea to be independent of temperature

§ k 400 · Ea § 1 1 · k2 Ea § 1 1 ·
 ln ¨  ¸
Ÿ ln ¨ k ¸
R © 300 400 ¸¹
¨ k1 R © T1 T 2 ¹
© 300 ¹
Ea § 1 1 ·
§ 1 60 · Ea 100 ln3.555 
Ÿ ln ¨ u ¸ u 8.314 ¨© 303 313 ¸¹
© 40 1 ¹ R 300 u 400

Ÿ Ea 1.268 u 8.314 u 303 u 313

3 Ea
Ÿ ln 2 0.4 10
1200R
= 99980.7 = 99.98 kJ/mol
? Ea = 0.4 × 1200 × 8.3 = 3984 J/mol 45. Answer (26)
Ea = 3.984 kJ/mol For a 1st order reaction
= 3.98 kJ/mol
a0
42. Answer (60) kt ln
at
Time for completion of 75% of a Ist order reaction =
90 min. 1 a0
t 40% 4
ln
3.3 u 10 0.6a 0
1
? Half life, t 1 ut3
2
2 4 10 4 10
ln sec
3.3 6
90
45 min
2 10 4 u 0.51
min = 25.8 min
3.3 u 60
0.693
Rate constant, K min 1 | 26
45

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46. Answer (81) 49. Answer (50)

H XoY
Sucrose  H2 O o Glu cos e  Fructose
t 0 a 0 0 'E = (Ea)f – (Ea)b
t 9 hr ax x x
– 20 = 30 – (Ea)b

0.693 –1 Ÿ(Ea)b = 50 kJ
k hr
3.33 50. Answer (14)
Energy of activation, Ea = 80.9 kJ mol–1
2.303 a
k log Temperature of reaction, T = 700 K
t ax
Fraction of molecules having enough energy to
0.693 u 9 § 1· react e Ea /RT e  x
log10 ¨ ¸
3.33 u 2.303 ©f¹ Ea 80900
? x 13.9  14
RT 8.31u 700
§ 1·
log10 ¨ ¸ 81 51. Answer (10)
©f¹

47. Answer (526) k2 Ea ª 1 1º

log = « – »
a
k1 2.303R ¬ T1 T2 ¼
k = Ae –E /RT

Ea 1 k1 (at 200 K) = ?
logk = logA – u
2.303 R T
k 2 (at 300 K) = 1 × 10–3 s–1
a
–E
From given graph : slope = –10000 =
2.303 R
1 u 10–3 11.488 u 103 ª 1 º
log 1
a k1 2.303 u 8.314 «¬ 600 »¼
k2 E ª1 1º
' log « – »
k1 2.303R ¬ T1 T2 ¼
1 u 10–3
10
k1
10 –4 ª 1 1º
log 10000 « – »
10 –5
¬ 500 T2 ¼ k1 = 10 × 10 –5 s–1

10000 52. Answer (108)

Ÿ 1 20 –
T2 Initially : [A0] = [B0] = a
After time ‘t’ min : [A] = 16 [B]
10000
Ÿ T2 526.3 | 526 K
19 [A] = [A0] e –k A t
48. Answer (52)
[B] = [B0] e –kB t
K2 Ea ª1 1º
log «  » Ÿ a. e –k A t = 16ae –kB t
K1 2.303 R ¬ T1 T2 ¼

Ÿ e– k A –kB t
= 16
Ea ª 1 1 º
log5 
2.303 u 8.314 «¬ 300 325 »¼ Ÿ (kB – k A)t = ln16

Ÿ ln2 §¨
1 1 ·
0.7 u 2.303 u 8.314 u 300 u 325 – ¸t 4ln 2
Ea J mol1 © 18 54 ¹
25
54 u 18 u 4
52271 J 52.271kJ mol1  52 Ÿt= 108 min
36

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53. Answer (2) ? r = k[NO]2 [Cl2]1

A o Products ? Overall order of reaction = 2 + 1 = 3

56. Answer (10)
Rate constant of a first order is given as
The given reaction to be first order, then
2.303 [A]
k log 0
t [A]t ln2
ln(1000) = t t
1/2
2.303 100
= log
570 32
1ln 1000
= 2 × 10–3 s–1 t=
ln2
54. Answer (27)
= 10 min
2A + B2 o 2B 57. Answer (106)
Rate = k [Amount of virus]
rate v [A]2 [B2 ] v (PA )2 PB2
1 1
k ln (' 10% of virus is inactivated)
Now, if volume is reduced by a factor of 3, then P is 1 min 0.9
increased by a factor of 3.
= 2.303 (1– 0.954)
§ 1· = 0.1059
?¨ V v ¸
© P¹
= 105.9 × 10–3
2 | 106 × 10–3 min–1 (nearest integer)
ratec v 3PA 3PB2
58. Answer (1)
v 27PA2 .PB2 a0 = 50 mol L–1

Rate increases by 27 times the previous rate. at = 10 mol L–1

55. Answer (03)
1 50
K u 2.303 log
Rate (r) = k[NO]x [Cl2]y 120 10
From run (2) and (3)
= 0.01341
x y
(r0 )3 (0.20) (0.20) = 1.34 × 10–2 min–1
(r0 )2 (0.10)x (0.20)y
x = 1.34 | 1 (nearest integer)

x 1.40 59. Answer (7)

Ÿ 2 22
0.35
For the first order reaction
? x=2
[R]0
From run (1) and (2) Kt ln
[R]
(r0 )2 (0.10)x (0.20)y
(r0 )1 (0.10)x (0.10)y (2.4 u 10 –2 )
K u 60 ln
(1.6 u 10 –2 )
0.35
2y = 2.303 × (log3 – log2)
0.18

Ÿ y|1 = 2.303 × (0.477 – 0.301)

K = 6.7 × 10–3 min–1

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NewAnswer (3) Phone : 011-47623456
Delhi-110005.
 For 1st order reaction 63. Answer (658)
Rate = k [Reactant] A o 2B
[A] = [A]0e–kt t=0 1 0
0.693 t = 100 min 1 – x 2x
t1
2
k 2x = 0.2 Ÿ x = 0.1

1 [A]0
Concentration

t1 k ln
t [A]
2

ln 2
Initial k
Time t1
concentration
2

Rate
ln 2 1 1
ln
t1 100 0.9
2
Concentration
For zero order reaction
ln2 u 100
Rate = k t1 | (600  700) min*
2
ln10 – ln9
[A] = [A]0 – kt
[A]0 (depending on value of log 3)
t1
2k 64. Answer (1)
2
2NO(g) + 2H2(g) o N2(g)  2H2O(g)
Concentration

t1
2 Rate = k[NO]x [H2]y
7 × 10–9 = k(8 × 10–5)x (8 × 10–5)y ...(i)
Initial 2.1 × 10–8 = k(24 × 10–5)x (8 × 10–5)y ...(ii)
Time concentration
Now dividing (ii) by (i)
Rate
x
2.1u 10 8 § 24 u 10 5 ·
¨¨ ¸¸
7 u 10 9 © 8 u 10
5
¹
Time
3 = 3x
61. Answer (4)
Ÿ x=1
AoB
Similarly,
Increase in concentration of B
Average rate = y
Time 8.4 u 108 § 32 u 10 5 ·
¨¨ ¸¸
2.1u 10 8 © 8 u 10
5
¹
0.2 mol L–1
= Ÿ y= 1
0.5 hr
Order of reaction w.r.t. NO is 1.
0.4 4 u 10 –1 mol L–1h–1 65. Answer (0)
62. Answer (3) Kf
ZZZ
[PtCl4 ]2   H2 O YZZ X [Pt(H2 O)Cl3 ]  Cl
Rate = k[A]n Kb Z

(mol / L)1  d ª¬[PtCl4 ]2  º¼

k (mol / L)n K f ª¬[PtCl4 ]2  º¼  K b ª¬[Pt(H2 O)Cl3 ]  º¼ [Cl ]
s dt
1n
k mol / L s1 Kf 4.8 u 10 5
KC 2 u 10 2
mol 1n
Ln 1
s 1 Kb 2.4 u 10 3

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66. Answer (4) 69. Answer (45)

2K 2Cr2O7 + 8H2 SO4 + 3C2H6 O

o 2Cr2 (SO4 )3 + 3C2H4 O2 + 2K 2SO 4 + 11H2 O

A+B
1 d[C2H6 O] 1 d[Cr2 (SO4 )3 ] Enthalpy change = y
Rate =  =
3 dt 2 dt

Energy
M+N

d[Cr2 (SO 4 )3 ]
= 2.67 mol min–1 Reaction Coordinate
dt

d[C2H6 O] 3 d[Cr2 (SO4 )3 ] y = 45 kJ/mol

 =
dt 2 dt 70. Answer (47)

3 (2.47 u 103 )
= u 2.67 = 4 mol min–1 log10 K 20.35  ...(i)
2 T
67. Answer (16)
Ea
k1 = 6.36 × 10–3 s–1 T1 = 700 k logK log A  ...(ii)
2.303 RT
Ea = 209 kJ/mol
Comparing (i) and (ii),
k2 = x × 10–6 s–1 T2 = 600 k
Ea 2.47 u 103
k Ea § 1 1·
ln 2 ¨  ¸ 2.303 RT T
k1 R © T1 T2 ¹
Ea = 2.47 × 103 × 2.303 × 8.314

§ x u 10 6 · 209 u 103 § 1 1 · = 47293.44 J mol–1

log ¨ 3 ¸

© 6.36 u 10 ¹ 8.31 u 2.303 ¨© 700 600 ¸¹ = 47.2934 kJ mol–1
71. Answer (1)
log(x u 10 6 ) 4.79 According to Arrhenius equation
6 5
x u 10 1.62 u 10 K A e – E a /RT

x 16.2  16 (Nearest integer) The graph will varies as

68. Answer (2)

For first order reaction k
t75% = 2 × t50%

A0 T
' kt ln (for first order reaction) 72. Answer (154)
A

A0
At t 50% Ÿ A
2

? kt 50% ln 2

A0
At t 75% Ÿ A
4

? kt75% ln 4

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 Ea 3r3A + 6r3B o r3C + 9r3D
In k = In A –
RT
1
? rate of reaction = u 9 m.mol dm–3 sec–1
Ea 9
? Slope of the graph  18.5
R u 103 = 1 m.mol dm–3 sec–1

? Ea 18.5 u 8.31u 1000  154 kJ mol1 75. Answer (0)

73. Answer (3) 1

t1 v
2 [P0 ]n 1
A o Products
For a first order reaction,
t1 2
1
>P0 @n21
t1/2
ln2 0.693 t1 2
2
>P0 @1n1
k k
n1
Time for 90% conversion, 340 § 27.8 ·
170 ¨ 55.5 ¸
1 100 ln10 2.303 © ¹
t 90% ln =
k 10 k k n 1
§ 1·
2 ¨2¸
2.303 © ¹
t 90% t1/2 3.32 t1/2
0.693
2 = (2)1 – n
74. Answer (1)
1–n=1
1 § d[A] · 1 § d[B] · 1 § d[C] ·
Rate = r ¨ dt ¸ r2 ¨© dt ¸¹ r3 ¨© dt ¸¹ n=0
1© ¹
76. Answer (200)
1 § d[D] ·
A + B
r4 ¨© dt ¸¹
at initially 1 1
d[D] r4 § d[B] ·
dt r2 ¨© dt ¸¹ mole mole

1 1
r4 3 after 100 s
2 4
r2 2
1 1
d[B] r2 § d[A] · r after 200 s
Ÿ 2 2 4 16
dt ¨
r1 © dt ¹ ¸ r1
Ans. 200 seconds
r2 2r1 77. Answer (4)
r4 = 1.5r2 = 3r1
Kc Ea  Eac
ln
d[C] K RT
= 1 m.mol dm–3 sec–1
dt
10 u 103
d[D] 8.314 u 300
= 9 m.mol dm–3 sec–1
dt
Kc 100
d[D] r4 d[C] r ln
˜ Ÿ 4 9 K 8.314 u 3
dt r 3 dt r3
Kc
e4
r4 = 9r3 = 3r1 K
Ÿ r1 3r3 x 4

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78. Answer (166) 81. Answer (75)

2 u 10 4 2.303 A0
lnk = 33.24  O= log
T t A

Ea 0.693 2.303 A
? 2 u 10 4 log 0
R 200 83 A

Ea = 2 × 104 × 8.3 A
0.75
= 166 kJ/mol A0
79. Answer (59)
Hence, percentage of original activity remaining after
T1 = 300 K 83 days is 75%
82. Answer (1)
(Rate constant)
§K · 532611 § 1 1 ·
K2 = 2K1, on increase temperature by 9K log ¨ 310 ¸ 
© K 300 ¹ 8.3 ¨© 300 310 ¸¹
T2 = 309 K
K 310
Ea = ? 103 Ÿ K 300 1u 10 3 u K 310
K 300

K2 Ea ª T2  T1 º 83. Answer (216)

log « »
K1 2.3R ¬ T2 ˜ T1 ¼  Ea
k = A e RT
Ea ª 9 º
log2
2.3 u 8.3 «¬ 309 u 300 »¼ Ea 26000
RT T
0.3 u 309 u 300 u 2.3 u 8.3 Ea = 26000 × 8.314
Ea
9
= 216164 J
58988.1 J / mole
= 216 kJ
 59 k J/mole 84. Answer (1)
80. Answer (16) t1/2 240 s when P = 500 torr
A

A0
' kt = ln t1/2 = 4 min = 4 × 60 = 240 sec when P = 250
A A

torr
ln 2 A0 If means half-life is independent of concentration of
t 67% ln
t1 0.33A 0
reactant present.
2

? Order of reaction = 1
log2 1 85. Answer (2)
t 67% log
t1 0.33 For first order reaction,
2

ln A = ln A0 -– kt
t67% = 1.566 t1/2
Hence Slope = –k
x = 15.66
–k = –3.465 × 104
Nearest integer = 16

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 0.693 On dividing equation (1) by equation (2)
k= t
1/2 n
0.135 § 40 ·
¨ ¸
0.693 0.033 © 20.1 ¹
3.465 × 104 = t1/2 4 = (2)n
t1/2 = 2 × 10–5 s ? n=2
86. Answer (2) ? Order of reaction w.r.t. NO is 2.
89. Answer (165)
1
t1 v n 1
2
a0 A o B

Reactant Product
t1/2 = 100 sec a0 = 0·5
0.693
t1/2 = 50 sec a0 = 1 k= 165 u 10 6 s1
70 u 60
n 1
100 § 1 · ? x = 165
50 ¨ 0˜5 ¸
© ¹ 90. Answer (100)
(2) = (2)n–1 0.693
t1/ 2 t1/2 given = 0.3010
n–1=1 K

n=2 0.693
K
87. Answer (3) 0.3010

Since, half life is independent of the initial K = 2.30

concentration of AB2. Hence, reaction is “First 2.303 (A )

K log 0
Order”. t (A t )

2.303 log2 A0 o initial concentration of reactant

k= t1/2 At o concentration of reactant at time t

2.303 log2 2.303 100 2.303 (A )

= log 2.303 log 0
t1/2 t 100 – 80 2 (A t )

(A 0 )
2.303 u 0.3 2.303 2 log
log5 (A t )
200 t

t = 467 s A0
100
88. Answer (2) At

Let the rate of reaction (r) is as 91. Answer (8)

r = K[NO]n[H2]m

From 1st data

0.135 = K[40]n·(65.6)m …(1)

From 2nd data

0.033 = K(20.1)n · (65.6)m…(2)

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 20 93. Answer (1)
Slope
5
1
E kt = ln
ln k ln A  a 1 X
RT

Ea 20 20 R 0.693 1
? ŸE 8 cal mol–1 (100) ln
R 5 5 30 1 X
92. Answer (40)
Rate v [X]1[Y]0 1 1
2.303 = 2.303 log Ÿ = 10
1 X 1 X
Rate = k[X]

From Exp I and II, Ÿ1 = 10 – 10X

1 0
4 u 10 –3 § L · § 0.2 · 9
–3 ¨ 0.1 ¸ ¨ 0.1 ¸ ŸX =
2 u 10 © ¹ © ¹ 10

2 = (10 L)1. = 0.9 Pg

Hence L = 0.2 mol/L Amount of X remaining = 1 – X
From Exp III and IV, = 1 – 0.9 = 0.1 Pg

0 = 1 × 10–1 Pg
M u 10–3 § 0.4 · § 0.4 ·
¨ 0.1 ¸ ¨ 0.2 ¸ 94. Answer (1)
2 u 10 –3 © ¹© ¹
To minimize contamination, use freshly prepared
M
4 starch solution to determine end point. As KI is
2
used in excess to consume all the H 2 O 2 the
M=8 concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution is less
than KI solution. After appearance of blue colour
M 8
40 record the time immediately.
L 0.2

‰‰‰

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Chapter 13

Surface Chemistry

1. Which of the following statements is incorrect

§x·
regarding physissorptions? [AIEEE-2009] 5. For a linear plot of log ¨ ¸ 'versus log p in a
©m¹
(1) More easily liquefiable gases are adsorbed Freundlich adsorption isotherm, which of the
readily following statements is correct? (k and n are
(2) Under high pressure it results into multi constants) [JEE (Main)-2016]
molecular layer on adsorbent surface
1
(1) appears as the intercept
(3) Enthalpy of adsorption ('Hadsorption) is low and n
positive
1
(4) It occurs because of van der Waal’s forces (2) Only appears as the slope
n
2. According to Freundlich adsorption isotherm, which
of the following is correct? [AIEEE-2012] § 1·
(3) log ¨ ¸ appears as the intercept
©n¹
x
(1) v p1
m
1
x (4) Both k and appear in the slope term
(2) v p1 n n
m
6. The Tyndall effect is observed only when following
x conditions are satisfied [JEE (Main)-2017]
(3) v p0
m
(a) The diameter of the dispersed particles is
(4) All the above are correct for different ranges of much smaller than the wavelength of the light
pressure used.
3. The coagulating power of electrolytes having ions (b) The diameter of the dispersed particle is not
Na + , Al 3+ and Ba 2+ for arsenic sulphide sol much smaller than the wavelength of the light
increases in the order [JEE (Main)-2013] used
(1) Al3+ < Ba2+ < Na+ (2) Na+ < Ba2+ < Al3+
(c) The refractive indices of the dispersed phase
(3) Ba2+ < Na+ < Al3+ (4) Al3+ < Na+ < Ba2+ and dispersion medium are almost similar in
4. 3 g of activated charcoal was added to 50 mL of magnitude
acetic acid solution (0.06N) in a flask. After an hour (d) The refractive indices of the dispersed phase
it was filtered and the strength of the filtrate was and dispersion medium differ greatly in
found to be 0.042 N. The amount of acetic acid magnitude
adsorbed (per gram of charcoal) is (1) (a) and (c) (2) (b) and (c)
[JEE (Main)-2015] (3) (a) and (d) (4) (b) and (d)
(1) 18 mg 7. Adsorption of a gas follows Freundlich adsorption
(2) 36 mg isotherm. In the given plot, x is the mass of the gas
adsorbed on mass m of the adsorbent at pressure
(3) 42 mg
x
(4) 54 mg p. is proportional to
m

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 (1) SO2 (2) CO2
x 2 unit (3) CH4 (4) H2
Log 4 unit
m 13. Among the following, the false statement is

Log P [JEE (Main)-2019]

[JEE (Main)-2019] (1) Tyndall effect can be used to distinguish
(1) p2 (2) p between a colloidal solution and a true
solution.
1 1
(3) p 4 (4) p 2
(2) Latex is a colloidal solution of rubber particles
which are positively charged
8. For coagulation of arsenious sulphide sol, which
one of the following salt solution will be most (3) Lyophilic sol can be coagulated by adding an
effective? [JEE (Main)-2019] electrolyte.
(1) Na3PO4 (2) AlCl3 (4) It is possible to cause artificial rain by throwing
(3) NaCl (4) BaCl2 electrified sand carrying charge opposite to the
one on clouds from an aeroplane.
9. Haemoglobin and gold sol are examples of
14. Adsorption of a gas follows Freundlich adsorption
[JEE (Main)-2019]
isotherm. x is the mass of the gas adsorbed on
(1) Negatively charged sols x
mass m of the adsorbent. The plot of log versus
(2) Positively charged sols m
x
(3) Positively and negatively charged log p is shown in the given graph. is
m
(4) Negatively and positively charged sols, proportional to
respectively
10. An example of solid sol is [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) Butter (2) Hair cream log x 2
m
(3) Paint (4) Gem stones 3

11. Among the colloids cheese (C), milk (M) and log p
smoke (S), the correct combination of the
[JEE (Main)-2019]
dispersed phase and dispersion medium,
respectively is [JEE (Main)-2019] (1) p3/2 (2) p3
(1) C : solid in liquid; M : liquid in liquid; S : gas (3) p2/3 (4) p2
in solid
15. The aerosol is a kind of colloid in which
(2) C : liquid in solid; M : liquid in solid; S : solid
in gas [JEE (Main)-2019]

(3) C : liquid in solid; M : liquid in liquid; S : solid (1) Solid is dispersed in gas
in gas
(2) Gas is dispersed in solid
(4) C : solid in liquid; M : solid in liquid; S : solid
(3) Liquid is dispersed in water
in gas
12. Given (4) Gas is dispersed in liquid

Gas H2 CH4 CO2 SO2 16. 10 mL of 1 mM surfactant solution forms a

monolayer covering 0.24 cm2 on a polar substrate.
Critical 33 190 304 630
If the polar head is approximated as a cube, what
Temperature/K is its edge length? [JEE (Main)-2019]
On the basis of data given above, predict which of (1) 2.0 pm (2) 2.0 nm
the following gases shows least adsorption on a
definite amount of charcoal? [JEE (Main)-2019] (3) 0.1 nm (4) 1.0 pm

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17. The principle of column chromatography is
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) Differential adsorption of the substances on the
solid phase.
(2) Gravitational force.
(3) Differential absorption of the substances on the
solid phase.
(4) Capillary action.
18. A gas undergoes physical adsorption on a surface
and follows the given Freundlich adsorption
isotherm equation
x (3) (B), (C) and (A)
kp0.5
m 23. As per Hardy-Schulze formulation, the flocculation
Adsorption of the gas increases with
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) Increase in p and decrease in T
(2) Decrease in p and decrease in T
(3) Increase in p and increase in T
(4) Decrease in p and increase in T
19. The correct option among the following is :
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) Colloidal medicines are more effective because
they have small surface area.
(2) Colloidal particles in lyophobic sols can be
precipitated by electrophoresis.
(3) Brownian motion in colloidal solution is faster
if the viscosity of the solution is very high.
(4) Addition of alum to water makes it unfit for
drinking.
20. Peptization is a : [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) Process of converting a colloidal solution into
precipitate
(2) Process of converting precipitate into colloidal
solution
(3) Process of converting soluble particles to form
colloidal solution
(4) Process of bringing colloidal molecule into
solution
21. Among the following, the INCORRECT statement
about colloids is [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) They can scatter light.
(2) The range of diameters of colloidal particles is
between 1 and 1000 nm.
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(3) The osmotic pressure of a colloidal solution is
of higher order than the true solution at the
same concentration.
(4) They are larger than small molecules and have
high molar mass.
22. A chromatography column, packed with silica gel
as stationary phase, was used to separate a
mixture of compounds consisting of (A) benzanilide
(B) aniline and (C) acetophenone. W hen
the column is eluted with a mixture of solvents,
hexane : ethyl acetate (20 : 80), the sequence of
obtained compounds is [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) (A), (B) and (C) (2) (C), (A) and (B)
(4) (B), (A) and (C)
values of the following for ferric hydroxide sol are
in the order [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) AlCl3 > K3[Fe(CN)6] > K2CrO4 > KBr = KNO3
(2) K3 [Fe(CN)6] < K2CrO4 < KBr = KNO3 = AlCl3
(3) K3[Fe(CN)6] > AlCl3 > K2CrO4 > KBr > KNO3
(4) K3[Fe(CN)6] < K2CrO4 < AlCl3 < KBr < KNO3
24. For the following Assertion and Reason, the correct
option is
Assertion : For hydrogenation reactions, the
catalytic activity increases from Group 5 to Group
11 metals with maximum activity shown by Group
7-9 elements.
Reason : The reactants are most strongly
adsorbed on group 7-9 elements.
[JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) Both assertion and reason are true and the
reason is the correct explanation for the
assertion.
(2) Both assertion and reason are false.
(3) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
(4) Both assertion and reason are true but the
reason is not the correct explanation for the
assertion.
25. A mixture of gases O2, H2 and CO are taken in a
closed vessel containing charcoal. The graph that
represents the correct behaviour of pressure with
time is [JEE (Main)-2020]
Pressure
Pressure
(1) (2)
Time Time
 30. Match the following [JEE (Main)-2020]

Pressure

Pressure
(i) Foam (a) smoke
(ii) Gel (b) cell fluid
(3) (4)
(iii) Aerosol (c) jellies
Time Time (iv) Emulsion (d) rubber
26. Which of the following is used for the preparation (e) froth
of colloids? [JEE (Main)-2020] (f) Milk
(1) Van Arkel Method (2) Bredig’s Arc Method (1) (i)-(b), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(e), (iv)-(d)
(3) Mond Process (4) Ostwald Process
(2) (i)-(d), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(e), (iv)-(f)
27. Amongst the following statements regarding
(3) (i)-(d), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(e)
adsorption, those that are valid are
(4) (i)-(e), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(f)
(a) 'H becomes less negative as adsorption
proceeds 31. A sample of red ink (a colloidal suspension) is
prepared by mixing eosin dye, egg white, HCHO
(b) On a given adsorbent, ammonia is adsorbed
and water. The component which ensures stability
more than nitrogen gas
of the ink sample is [JEE (Main)-2020]
(c) On adsorption, the residual force acting along
the surface of the adsorbent increases (1) HCHO (2) Water

(d) With increase in temperature, the equilibrium (3) Eosin dye (4) Egg white
concentration of adsorbate increases 32. Identify the correct molecular picture showing what
[JEE (Main)-2020] happens at the critical micellar concentration
(CMC) of an aqueous solution of a surfactant (
(1) (c) and (d) (2) (a) and (b)
polar head; non-polar tail; • water).
(3) (d) and (a) (4) (b) and (c)
28. Tyndall effect is observed when [JEE (Main)-2020]
• • • • • • •• • •• ••
(1) The diameter of dispersed particles is much • • • • • ••• • ••• • • • • • • • •• • •
• •
larger than the wavelength of light used (A) (B) (C) (D)
(2) The diameter of dispersed particles is similar
[JEE (Main)-2020]
to the wavelength of light used
(3) The diameter of dispersed particles is much (1) (C) (2) (A)
smaller than the wavelength of light used (3) (D) (4) (B)
(4) The refractive index of dispersed phase is 33. Adsorption of a gas follows Freundlich adsorption
greater than that of the dispersion medium isotherm. If x is the mass of the gas adsorbed on
29. An ionic micelle is formed on the addition of x
mass m of the adsorbent, the correct plot of versus
[JEE (Main)-2020] m
(1) Excess water to liquid p is [JEE (Main)-2020]

SO4– 200 K
N N† x 250 K
H 3C CH3 (1) m
270 K
(2) Excess water to liquid
p

† Œ
N N PF6
H 3C CH3 200 K
x 250 K
(2) m 270 K
(3) Sodium stearate to pure toluene
(4) Liquid diethyl ether to aqueous NaCl solution p

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 38. In Freundlich adsorption isotherm, slope of AB line is:
270 K
[JEE (Main)-2021]
x 250 K
(3) m B
200 K

p
A

log m
x
270 K
250 K
x 200 K
(4) m log P
(1) n with (n, 0.1 to 0.5)
p
1 §1 ·
(2) with ¨ 0 to 1¸
34. Kraft temperature is the temperature n ©n ¹

[JEE (Main)-2020] (3) log n with (n > 1)

(1) below which the aqueous solution of detergents
1
starts freezing. (4) log with (n < 1)
n
(2) above which the formation of micelles takes
place. 39. Most suitable salt which can be used for efficient
clotting of blood will be [JEE (Main)-2021]
(3) below which the formation of micelles takes
place. (1) FeCl3 (2) FeSO4
(4) above which the aqueous solution of detergents (3) NaHCO3 (4) Mg(HCO3)2
starts boiling. 40. In Freundlich adsorption isotherm at moderate
35. The flocculation value of HCl for arsenic sulphide
§x·
sol. is 30 m mol L–1. If H2SO4 is used for the pressure, the extent of adsorption ¨ ¸ is directly
©m¹
flocculation of arsenic sulphide, the amount, in
grams, of H2SO4 in 250 ml required for the above proportional to Px. The value of x is:
purpose is ______. (1) Zero (2) 1
(molecular mass of H2SO4 = 98 g/mol) 1
(3) f (4)
[JEE (Main)-2020] n
36. The mass of gas adsorbed, x, per unit mass of [JEE (Main)-2021]
absorbate, m, was measured at various pressures, 41. Which one of the following statements is FALSE
x for hydrophilic sols ?
p. A graph between log and log p gives a straight
m (1) Their viscosity is of the order of that of H2O
line with slope equal to 2 and the intercept equal to (2) They do not require electrolytes for stability
x (3) These sols are reversible in nature
0.4771. The value of at a pressure of 4 atm is:
m (4) The sols cannot be easily coagulated
(Given log 3 = 0.4771) [JEE (Main)-2020] [JEE (Main)-2021]
37. For Freundlich adsorption isotherm, a plot of log (x/ 42. 3.12 g of oxygen is adsorbed on 1.2 g of platinum
m) (y-axis) and log p (x-axis) gives a straight line. metal. The volume of oxygen adsorbed per gram of
The intercept and slope for the line is 0.4771 the adsorbent at 1 atm and 300 K in L is
and 2, respectively. The mass of gas, adsorbed per _________.
gram of adsorbent if the initial pressure is
[R = 0.0821 L atm K–1 mol–1]
0.04 atm, is ______ × 10–4 g. (log 3 = 0.4771)
[JEE (Main)-2021]
[JEE (Main)-2020]

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43. The nature of charge on resulting colloidal particles 48. The charges on the colloidal CdS sol and TiO2 sol
when FeCl3 is added to excess of hot water is: are, respectively

(1) Sometimes positive and sometimes negative (1) Positive and positive
(2) Positive and negative
(2) Negative
(3) Negative and positive
(3) Neutral
(4) Negative and negative
(4) Positive
[JEE (Main)-2021]
[JEE (Main)-2021] 49. The conditions given below are in the context of
44. The INCORRECT statements below regarding observing Tyndall effect in colloidal solutions:
colloidal solutions is (A) The diameter of the colloidal particles is
comparable to the wavelength of light used.
(1) The flocculating power of Al3+ is more than that
of Na+. (B) The diameter of the colloidal particles is much
smaller than the wavelength of light used.
(2) A colloidal solution shows Brownian motion of
(C) The diameter of the colloidal particles is much
colloidal particles. larger than the wavelength of light used.
(3) An ordinary filter paper can stop the flow of (D) The refractive indices of the dispersed phase
colloidal particles. and the dispersion medium are comparable.
(4) A colloidal solution shows colligative properties. (E) The dispersed phase has a very different
refractive index from the dispersion medium.
[JEE (Main)-2021]
Choose the most appropriate conditions from the
45. A colloidal system consisting of a gas dispersed in options given below. [JEE (Main)-2021]
a solid is called a/an
(1) (A) and (D) only (2) (C) and (D) only
(1) Aerosol (2) Foam (3) (B) and (E) only (4) (A) and (E) only
(3) Solid sol (4) Gel 50. 100 ml of 0.0018% (w/v) solution of CI– ion was the
[JEE (Main)-2021] minimum concentration of CI – required to
precipitate a negative sol in one h. The coagulating
Enzyme A value of CI – ion is x, then the value of 2x is
46. C12H22O11  H2O  o C6H12O6  C6H12O6 ________. (Nearest integer) [JEE (Main)-2021]
Glucose Fructose
51. When silver nitrate solution is added to potassium
Enzyme B
iodide solution then the sol produced is :
C6H12 O6  o 2C2H5OH  2CO2
[JEE (Main)-2021]
Glucose

In the above reactions, the enzyme A and enzyme (1) Agl/Ag+ (2) AgNO3 /NO3
B respectively are
(3) KI / NO3 (4) AgI / I
(1) Amylase and Invertase
52. Sodium stearate CH3(CH2)16COO–Na+ is an anionic
(2) Invertase and Zymase surfactant which forms micelles in oil. Choose the
(3) Zymase and Invertase correct statement for it from the following
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(4) Invertase and Amylase
(1) It forms non-spherical micelles with CH3(CH2)16
[JEE (Main)-2021] – group pointing towards the centre
47. For the coagulation of a negative sol, the species (2) It forms spherical micelles with CH3(CH2)16
below, that has the highest flocculating power is – group pointing outwards on the surface of
sphere
(1) Ba2+ (2) PO34
(3) It forms non-spherical micelles with –COO
group pointing outwards on the surface
(3) SO24 (4) Na+
(4) It forms spherical micelles with CH3(CH2)16
[JEE (Main)-2021] – group pointing towards the centre of sphere

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53. Match List-I with List-II : 56. W hich one of the following is correct for the
List-I List-II adsorption of a gas at a given temperature on a
Example Classification solid surface? [JEE (Main)-2021]
of Colloids (1) 'H < 0, 'S < 0 (2) 'H > 0, 'S < 0
(a) Cheese (i) Dispersion of liquid in (3) 'H > 0, 'S > 0 (4) 'H < 0, 'S > 0
liquid 57. The sol given below with negatively charged
(b) Pumice stone (ii) Dispersion of liquid in colloidal particles is : [JEE (Main)-2021]
gas
(1) KI added to AgNO3 solution
(c) Hair cream (iii) Dispersion of gas in
(2) AgNO3 added to KI solution
solid
(d) Cloud (iv) Dispersion of liquid in (3) Al2O3 ˜ xH2O in water

solid (4) FeCl3 added to hot water

Choose the most appropriate answer from the 58. Tyndall effect is more effectively shown by :
options given below : [JEE (Main)-2021] [JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii) (1) Lyophobic colloid (2) Lyophilic colloid

(2) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii) (3) True solution (4) Suspension

(3) (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii) 59. Lyophilic sols are more stable than lyophobic sols
because, [JEE (Main)-2021]
(4) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)
(1) The colloidal particles are solvated
54. CO2 gas adsorbs on charcoal following Freundlich
(2) The colloidal particles have positive charge
adsorption isotherm. For a given amount of
charcoal, the mass of CO2 adsorbed becomes (3) The colloidal particles have no charge
64 times when the pressure of CO2 is doubled. the (4) There is a strong electrostatic repulsion
value of n in the Freundlich isotherm equation is between the negatively charged colloidal
_______ × 10–2. (Round off to the Nearest integer) particles
60. Select the graph that correctly describes the
[JEE (Main)-2021]
adsorption isotherms at two temperatures T1 and
55. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as T2 (T1 > T2) for a gas :
Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
(x – mass of the gas adsorbed
Assertion A : SO2(g) is adsorbed to a larger extent m – mass of adsorbent
than H2(g) on activated charcoal.
P – pressure)
Reason R : SO 2 (g) has a higher critical
[JEE (Main)-2021]
temperature than H2(g).
In the light of the above statements, choose the x T2 x
m m T1
most appropriate answer from the options given
below. [JEE (Main)-2021] (1) T1 (2) T2

(1) A is correct but R is not correct P P

(2) Both A and R are correct but R is not the
correct explanation of A x
x T1
m m T2
(3) A is not correct but R is correct
(3) T2 (4) T1
(4) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
explanation of A
P P
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61. CH4 is adsorbed on 1 g charcoal at 0ºC following 64. When 200 mL of 0.2 M acetic acid is shaken with
the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. 10.0 mL of CH4 0.6 g of wood charcoal, the final concentration of
is adsorbed at 100 mm of Hg, whereas 15.0 mL is acetic acid after adsorption is 0.1 M. The mass of
adsorbed at 200 mm of Hg. The volume of CH4 acetic acid adsorbed per gram of carbon is
adsorbed at 300 mm of Hg is 10x mL. The value ________g. [JEE (Main)-2022]
of x is _____ × 10–2. (Nearest integer) 65. Incorrect statement for Tyndall effect is :
[Use log102 = 0.3010, log103 = 0.4771] [JEE (Main)-2022]
[JEE (Main)-2021] (1) The refractive indices of the dispersed phase
62. Match List-I with List-II. and the dispersion medium differ greatly in
magnitude.
List-I List-II
(2) The diameter of the dispersed particles is much
(Colloid (Chemical Reaction) smaller than the wavelength of the light used.
Preparation Method) (3) During projection of movies in the cinemas hall,
(a) Hydrolysis (i) 2AuCl 3 + 3HCHO + Tyndall effect is noticed.
3H 2 O o 2Au(sol) + (4) It is used to distinguish a true solution from a
3HCOOH + 6HCl colloidal solution.
(b) Reduction (ii) As2O3 + 3H2S o 66. Using very little soap while washing clothes, does
As2S3(sol) + 3H2O not serve the purpose of cleaning of clothes, because:

(c) Oxidation (iii) SO2 + 2H2S o3S(sol) + [JEE (Main)-2022]

2H2O (1) soap particles remain floating in water as ions.
(d) Double (iv) FeCl3 + 3H2O o (2) the hydrophobic part of soap is not able to take
away grease.
Decomposition Fe(OH)3(sol) + 3HCl
(3) the micelles are not formed due to concentration
Choose the most appropriate answer from the
of soap, below its CMC value.
options given below [JEE (Main)-2021]
(4) colloidal structure of soap in water is completely
(1) (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i) distributed.
(2) (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii) 67. Match List I with List II.
(3) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv) List I List II
(4) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii) A Zymase I Stomach
63. Given below are two statements: B Diastase II Yeast
Statement I : Emulsion of oil in water are unstable C Urease III Malt
and sometimes they separate into two layers on D Pepsin IV Soyabean
standing. Choose the correct answer from the options given
Statement II : For stabilisation of an emulsion, below [JEE (Main)-2022]
excess of electrolyte is added. (1) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
In the light of the above statements, choose the most (2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
appropriate answer from the options given below: (3) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
[JEE (Main)-2022] (4) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct 68. 2.0 g of H2 gas is adsorbed on 2.5 g of platinum
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are powder at 300 K and 1 bar pressure. The volume of
incorrect.
the gas adsorbed per gram of the adsorbent is _____
(3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is mL.
incorrect.
(Given : R = 0.083 L bar K–1 mol–1)
(4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
correct. [JEE (Main)-2022]
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69. Match List I with List II 72. The Zeta potential is related to which property of
colloids?
List I List II
[JEE (Main)-2022]
Enzyme Conversion of
(1) Colour
A Invertase I Starch into maltose
(2) Tyndall effect
B Zymase II Maltose into glucose
(3) Charge on the surface of colloidal particles
C Diastase III Glucose into ethanol
(4) Brownian movement
D Maltase IV Cane sugar into glucose
73. Match List-I with List-II :
Choose the most appropriate answer from the
List-I List-II
options given below
[JEE (Main)-2022] (A) Negatively charged (I) Fe2 O3 ˜ xH2O

(1) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I (2) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV sol

(3) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II (4) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I (B) Macromolecular (II) CdS sol

70. Match List-I with List-II colloid

List-I List-II (C) Positively charged (III) Starch

sol
(A) Lyophilic colloid (I) Liquid-liquid colloid
(D) Cheese (IV) a gel
(B) Emulsion (II) Protective colloid
Choose the correct answer from the options given
(C) Positively charged (III) FeCl3 + NaOH
below:
colloid [JEE (Main)-2022]
(D) Negatively charged (IV) FeCl3 + hot water (1) (A) – (II), (B) – (III), (C) – (IV), (D) – (I)
colloid (2) (A) – (II), (B) – (I), (C) – (III), (D) – (IV)
Choose the correct answer from the options given (3) (A) – (II), (B) – (III), (C) – (I), (D) – (IV)
below :
(4) (A) – (I), (B) – (III), (C) – (II), (D) – (IV)
[JEE (Main)-2022]
74. Which of the following is a correct statement?
(1) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III) [JEE (Main)-2022]
(2) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II) (1) Brownian motion destabilises sols.
(3) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) (2) Any amount of dispersed phase can be added
(4) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV) to emulsion without destabilising it.

71. (3) Mixing two oppositely charged sols in equal

amount neutralises charges and stabilises
colloids.
(4) Presence of equal and similar charges on
colloidal particles provides stability to the
colloidal solution.

75. A 42.12% (w, v) solution of NaCl causes precipitation

of a certain sol in 10 hours. The coagulating value of
NaCl for the sol is
If the initial pressure of a gas 0.03 atm, the mass of
[Given : Molar mass : Na = 23.0 g mol–1; Cl = 35.5
the gas absorbed per gram of the adsorbent is ____×
g mol–1] [JEE (Main)-2022]
10–2g. [JEE (Main)-2022]

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 (1) 36 mmol L–1 (2) 36 mol L–1
(3) 1440 mol L–1 (4) 1440 mmol L–1
76. For micelle formation, which of the following
statements are correct?
A. Micelle formation is an exothermic process.
B. Micelle formation is an endothermic process.
C. The entropy change is positive
D. The entropy change is negative
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) A and D only (2) A and C only
(3) B and C only (4) B and D only
77. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as
Assertion A and other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : Finest gold is red in colour, as the size
of the particles increases, it appears purple then blue
and finally gold.
Reason R : The colour of the colloidal solution
depends on the wavelength of light scattered by the
dispersed particles.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most
appropriate answer from the options given below.
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
(2) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) A is false but R is true
78. Given below are two statements. One is labelled as
Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason
R.
Assertion A: Activated charcoal adsorbs SO2 more
efficiently than CH4.
Reason R: Gases with lower critical temperatures
are readily adsorbed by activated charcoal.
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In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below.
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
explanation of A.
(2) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
correct explanation of A.
(3) A is correct but R is not correct.
(4) A is not correct but R is correct.
79. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason
(R) :
Assertion (A) : Dissolved substances can be removed
from a colloidal solution by diffusion through a
parchment paper.
Reason (R) : Particles in a true solution cannot pass
through parchment paper but the colloidal particles
can pass through the parchment paper.
In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the
correct explanation of (A)
(3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
(4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
80. Which of the following enhances the lathering
property of soap? [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) Sodium stearate
(2) Sodium carbonate
(3) Sodium rosinate
(4) Trisodium phosphate
81. Among the following the number of curves not in
accordance with Freundlich adsorption isotherm
is____.
 82. 100 mL of 5% (w/v) solution of NaCl in water was
prepared in 250 mL beaker. Albumin from the egg
was poured into NaCl solution and stirred well. This
resulted in a/an :

[JEE (Main)-2022]

(1) Lyophilic sol

(2) Lyophobic sol

(3) Emulsion

[JEE (Main)-2022] (4) Precipitate

‰‰‰

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