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 page i

Advanced
Financial Accounting
page ii
 page iii

Advanced
Financial Accounting
Thirteenth Edition

Theodore E. Christensen
University of Georgia

David M. Cottrell
Brigham Young University

Cassy JH Budd
Brigham Young University
 page iv

ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019. Copyright
©2023 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of
this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a
database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but
not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance
learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers
outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 25 24 23 22

ISBN 978-1-265-04261-5
MHID 1-265-04261-6

Cover Image: Chones/Shutterstock

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the
copyright page.

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a
website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw Hill LLC, and McGraw Hill
LLC does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

mheducation.com/highered
 page v

About the Authors

Courtesy Brigham Young University/Photo by Alison Fidel

Theodore E. Christensen
Ted Christensen has been a faculty member at the University of Georgia
since 2015. Prior to coming to UGA, he was on the faculty at Brigham
Young University for 15 years and Case Western Reserve University for
five years. He received a BS degree in accounting at San Jose State
University, a MAcc degree in tax at Brigham Young University, and a PhD
in accounting from the University of Georgia (so he is now teaching at a
second alma mater). Professor Christensen has authored and coauthored
articles published in many journals including The Accounting Review,
Journal of Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting and Economics,
Review of Accounting Studies, Contemporary Accounting Research,
Accounting Organizations and Society, Journal of Business Finance &
Accounting, Accounting Horizons, and Issues in Accounting Education.
Professor Christensen has taught financial accounting at all levels, financial
statement analysis, both introductory and intermediate managerial
accounting, and corporate taxation. He is the recipient of numerous awards
for both teaching and research. He has been active in serving on various
committees of the American Accounting Association and is a CPA.

Courtesy Brigham Young University/Photo by Kristen Gudmund

David M. Cottrell
Professor Cottrell joined the faculty at Brigham Young University in 1991.
Prior to coming to BYU, he spent five years at The Ohio State University,
where he earned his PhD. Before pursuing a career in academics, he worked
as an auditor and consultant for the firm of Ernst & Young in its San
Francisco office. At BYU, Professor Cottrell has developed and taught
courses in the School of Accountancy, the MBA program, and the Finance
program. He has won numerous awards from the alumni and faculty for his
teaching and curriculum development. He received the Outstanding
Professor Award in the college of business as selected by the students in the
Finance Society; he received the Outstanding Teaching Award as selected
by the Marriott School of Management; and he is a four-time winner of the
collegewide Teaching Excellence Award for Management Skills, which is
selected by the Alumni Board of the Marriott School of Management at
BYU. Professor Cottrell also has authored many articles about accounting
and auditing issues. His articles have been published in Issues in
Accounting Education, Journal of Accounting Case Research, Quarterly
Review of Distance Education, Journal of Accountancy, The CPA Journal,
Internal Auditor, The Tax Executive, and Journal of International Taxation,
among others.
Courtesy Brigham Young University/Photo by Tabitha Sumsion

Cassy JH Budd
Professor Budd has been a faculty member at Brigham Young University
since 2005. Prior to coming to BYU, she was on the faculty at Utah State
University for three years. She received a BS degree in accounting at
Brigham Young University and a MAcc degree in tax at Utah State
University. Before pursuing a career in academics, she worked as an auditor
for the firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP in its Salt Lake, San Jose, and
Phoenix offices and continues to maintain her CPA license. Professor Budd
has taught financial accounting at all levels, as well as managerial
accounting, undergraduate and graduate auditing, and partnership taxation.
She is the recipient of numerous awards for teaching and student
advisement, including the BYU Marriott School Teaching Excellence
Award; the Dean Fairbanks Teaching and Learning Faculty Fellowship,
Brigham Young University; School of Accountancy Advisor of the Year,
Utah State University; State of Utah Campus Compact Service-Learning
Engaged Scholar Award; and the Joe Whitesides Scholar–Athlete page vi
Recognition Award from Utah State University. She has been active
in serving on various committees of the American Accounting Association
(AAA), including serving as president of the AAA Teaching, Learning and
Curriculum section and chairing the annual Conference on Teaching and
Learning in Accounting. Professor Budd is currently serving as the AAA
Council Representative for the Teaching, Learning and Curriculum Section.
 page vii

Preface

The Thirteenth Edition of Advanced Financial Accounting is an up-to-date,

comprehensive, and highly illustrated presentation of the accounting and
reporting principles and procedures used in a variety of business entities.
Every day, the business press carries stories about merger and acquisition
mania, the complexities of modern business entities, new organizational
structures for conducting business, accounting scandals related to complex
business transactions, the foreign activities of multinational firms, the
operations of governmental and not-for-profit entities, and bankruptcies of
major firms. Accountants must understand and know how to deal with the
accounting and reporting ramifications of these issues.

OVERVIEW
As in prior editions, this edition provides detailed coverage of advanced
accounting topics with clarity and integrated coverage based on continuous
case examples. The text is complete with illustrations of worksheets,
schedules, and financial statements allowing students to see the
development of each topic. Inclusion of recent FASB and GASB
pronouncements and the continuing deliberations of the authoritative bodies
provide a current and contemporary text for students preparing for the CPA
examination and current practice. This emphasis has become especially
important given the recent rapid pace of the authoritative bodies in dealing
with major issues having far-reaching implications. The Thirteenth Edition
covers the following topics:
Multicorporate Entities
Business Combinations
1. Intercorporate Acquisitions and Investments in Other Entities
Consolidation Concepts and Procedures
2. Reporting Intercorporate Investments and Consolidation of Wholly Owned
Subsidiaries with No Differential
3. The Reporting Entity and the Consolidation of Less-Than-Wholly-Owned
Subsidiaries with No Differential
4. Consolidation of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries Acquired at More Than Book
Value
5. Consolidation of Less-Than-Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries Acquired at More
Than Book Value
Intercompany Transactions
6. Intercompany Inventory Transactions
7. Intercompany Transfers of Services and Noncurrent Assets
8. Intercompany Indebtedness
Additional Consolidation Issues
9. Consolidation Ownership Issues
10. Additional Consolidation Reporting Issues

Multinational Entities
Foreign Currency Transactions
11. Multinational Accounting: Foreign Currency Transactions and Financial
Instruments
Translation of Foreign Statements
12. Multinational Accounting: Issues in Financial Reporting and Translation of
Foreign Entity Statements

page viii

Reporting Requirements
Segment and Interim Reporting
13. Segment and Interim Reporting
 SEC Reporting
14. SEC Reporting

Partnerships
Formation, Operation, Changes
15. Partnerships: Formation, Operation, and Changes in Membership
Liquidation
16. Partnerships: Liquidation

Governmental and Not-for-Profit Entities

Governmental Entities
17. Governmental Entities: Introduction and General Fund Accounting
Special Funds
18. Governmental Entities: Special Funds and Governmentwide Financial
Statements
Not-for-Profit Entities
19. Not-for-Profit Entities

Corporations in Financial Difficulty

20. Corporations in Financial Difficulty

NEW FEATURES FOR THE THIRTEENTH

EDITION

Videos. The Thirteenth Edition of Advanced Financial Accounting

continues one of the most student-centered technology supplements ever
 delivered in the advanced accounting market by moving the
AdvancedStudyGuide.com into Connect. This content was created
exclusively by the text authors. It contains dozens of narrated, animated
discussions and explanations of material aligned to key points in the
chapter as well as animated problems just like key problems in the
exercises and problems at the end of each chapter. Within the text, the
Advanced Study Guide icon denotes where materials that go beyond the
printed text are available.
Integrated Excel. New assignments pair the power of Microsoft Excel
with the power of Connect. A seamless integration of Excel within
Connect, Integrated Excel questions allow students to work in live, auto-
graded Excel spreadsheets - no additional logins, no need to upload or
download files. Instructors can choose to grade by formula or solution
value, and students receive instant cell-level feedback via integrated
Check My Work functionality.

KEY FEATURES MAINTAINED IN THE

THIRTEENTH EDITION
The key strengths of this text are the clear and readable discussions of
concepts and their detailed demonstrations through illustrations and
explanations. The many favorable responses to prior editions from both
students and instructors confirm our belief that clear presentation and
comprehensive illustrations are essential to learning the sophisticated topics
in an advanced accounting course. Key features maintained in the
Thirteenth Edition include:
Shading of consolidation worksheet entries. The full-color coordination
of all consolidation items allows teachers and students to see the
development of each item and trace these items visually through the
consolidation process. For example, each number in the Book Value
Calculations can be traced to the Basic Consolidation Entry.
page ix
Likewise, the calculations in the Excess Value (Differential) Calculations
can be traced to either the Amortized Excess Value Reclassification Entry
or the Excess Value (Differential) Reclassification Entry. In the
Computation table, color application helps users to quickly and clearly
distinguish between Amortization amounts related to the current year and
the current year Ending Balance for each item and connect these
calculations to the consolidation entries.
Users can continue using colors to quickly connect the impact of the
consolidation entries as they visualize how each of these entries impacts
the equity accounts. With these connections, users can follow items
through calculations, consolidation entries, and T-accounts. This approach
helps users to see the interaction of the equity entries and the consolidation
entries in fully eliminating the “Investment in Sub” and the “Income from
Sub Accounts.” The visual connections continue from the entries and the
T-accounts all the way through the consolidation worksheets, supporting
schedules, and calculation boxes so that numbers appearing in
consolidation worksheet entries are uniformly shaded in all locations.
 page x

Callout boxes. We have updated the “callout boxes” that appear in the
margins to draw attention to important points throughout the chapters. The
most common callout boxes are the “FYI” boxes, which often illustrate
how real-world companies or entities apply the principles discussed in the
various chapters. The “Caution” boxes draw students’ attention to
common mistakes and explain how to avoid them. The “Stop & Think”
boxes help students take a step back and think through the logic of
difficult concepts.
FIGURE 5–4 December 31, 20X1, Equity-Method Worksheet for Consolidated
Financial Statements, Initial Year of Ownership; 80 Percent Acquisition at
More than Book Value

page xi

FASB codification. Authoritative citations to U.S. GAAP are cited based

on the FASB codification.
Introductory vignettes. Each chapter begins with a brief story of a well-
known company to illustrate why topics covered in that chapter are
relevant in current practice. Short descriptions of the vignettes and the
featured companies are included in the Chapter-by-Chapter Changes
section at the end of the Preface.
A building-block approach to consolidation. Virtually all advanced
financial accounting classes cover consolidation topics. Although this
topic is perhaps the most important to instructors, students frequently
struggle to gain a firm grasp of consolidation principles. The Thirteenth
Edition provides students a learning-friendly framework to consolidations
by introducing consolidation concepts and procedures more gradually.
This is accomplished by a building-block approach that introduces
consolidations in Chapters 2 and 3 and continues through Chapter 5.
IFRS comparisons. While the FASB and IASB had worked toward
convergence to a single set of global accounting standards in the past,
differences between the two frameworks persist. The Thirteenth Edition
summarizes existing key differences between current U.S. GAAP and
IFRS where applicable.
The use of a continuous case for each major subject-matter area. This
textbook presents the complete story of a company, Peerless Products
Corporation, from its beginning through its growth to a multinational
consolidated entity and finally to its end. At each stage of the entity’s
development, including the acquisition of a subsidiary, Special Foods Inc.,
the text presents comprehensive examples and discussions of the
accounting and financial reporting issues that accountants face. The
discussions tied to the Peerless Products continuous case are easily
identified by the company logos in the margin:

We use the comprehensive case of Peerless Products Corporation and its

subsidiary, Special Foods Inc., throughout the for-profit chapters. For the
governmental chapters, the Sol City case facilitates the development of
governmental accounting and reporting concepts and procedures. Using a
continuous case provides several benefits. First, students need to become
familiar with only one set of data and can then move more quickly through
the subsequent discussion and illustrations without having to absorb a new
set of data. Second, the case adds realism to the study of advanced
accounting and permits students to see the effects of each successive step
on an entity’s financial reports. Finally, comparing and contrasting
alternative methods using a continuous case allows students to evaluate
different methods and outcomes more readily.
Extensive illustrations of key concepts. The book is heavily illustrated
with complete, not partial, workpapers, financial statements, and other
computations and comparisons useful for demonstrating each topic. The
illustrations are cross-referenced to the relevant text discussion. In the
consolidations portion of the text, the focus is on the fully adjusted equity
method of accounting for an investment in a subsidiary, but two other
methods—the cost method and the modified equity method—are also
discussed and illustrated in chapter appendixes.
Comprehensive coverage with significant flexibility. The subject matter
of advanced accounting is expanding at an unprecedented rate. New topics
are being added, and traditional topics require more extensive coverage.
Flexibility is therefore essential in an advanced accounting text. Most one-
term courses are unable to cover all topics included in this text. In
recognition of time constraints, this text is structured to provide the most
efficient use of the time available. The self-contained units of subject
matter allow for substantial flexibility in sequencing the course materials.
In addition, individual chapters are organized to allow for more page xii
depth in some topics through the use of the “Additional
Considerations” sections. Several chapters include appendixes containing
discussions of alternative accounting procedures or illustrations of
procedures or concepts that are of a supplemental nature.
Extensive end-of-chapter materials. A large number of questions, cases,
exercises, and problems at the end of each chapter provide the opportunity
to solidify understanding of the chapter material and assess mastery of the
subject matter. The end-of-chapter materials progress from simple focused
exercises to more complex integrated problems. Cases provide
opportunities for extending thought, gaining exposure to different sources
of accounting-related information, and applying the course material to
real-world situations. These cases include research cases that refer
students to authoritative pronouncements and Roger CPA Review
simulations. The American Institute of CPAs has identified five skills to be
examined as part of the CPA exam: (a) analysis, (b) judgment, (c)
communication, (d) research, and (e) understanding. The end-of-chapter
materials provide abundant opportunities for students to enhance those
 skills with realistic and real-world applications of advanced financial
accounting topics. Cases and exercises identified with a world globe icon
provide special opportunities for students to access real-world data by
using electronic databases, the Internet, or other inquiry processes to
answer the questions presented on the topics in the chapters.

Proctorio
Remote Proctoring & Browser-Locking
Capabilities

Remote proctoring and browser-locking capabilities, hosted by Proctorio

within Connect, provide control of the assessment environment by enabling
security options and verifying the identity of the student.
Seamlessly integrated within Connect, these services allow instructors
to control students’ assessment experience by restricting browser activity,
recording students’ activity, and verifying students are doing their own
work.
Instant and detailed reporting gives instructors an at-a-glance view of
potential academic integrity concerns, thereby avoiding personal bias and
supporting evidence-based claims.

ReadAnywhere
Read or study when it’s convenient for you with McGraw Hill’s free
ReadAnywhere app. Available for iOS or Android smartphones or tablets,
ReadAnywhere gives users access to McGraw Hill tools including the
eBook and SmartBook 2.0 or Adaptive Learning Assignments in Connect.
Take notes, highlight, and complete assignments offline—all of your work
will sync when you open the app with WiFi access. Log in with your
McGraw Hill Connect username and password to start learning—anytime,
anywhere!
OLC-Aligned Courses
Implementing High-Quality Online Instruction
and Assessment through Preconfigured
Courseware
In consultation with the Online Learning Consortium (OLC) and our
certified Faculty Consultants, McGraw Hill has created pre-configured
courseware using OLC’s quality scorecard to align with best practices in
online course delivery. This turnkey courseware contains a combination of
formative assessments, summative assessments, homework, and application
activities, and can easily be customized to meet an individual’s needs and
course outcomes. For more information, visit
https://www.mheducation.com/highered/olc.

page xiii

Tegrity: Lectures 24/7

Tegrity in Connect is a tool that makes class time available 24/7 by
automatically capturing every lecture. With a simple one-click start-and-
stop process, you capture all computer screens and corresponding audio in a
format that is easy to search, frame by frame. Students can replay any part
of any class with easy-to-use, browser-based viewing on a PC, Mac, iPod,
or other mobile device.
Educators know that the more students can see, hear, and experience
class resources, the better they learn. In fact, studies prove it. Tegrity’s
unique search feature helps students efficiently find what they need, when
they need it, across an entire semester of class recordings. Help turn your
students’ study time into learning moments immediately supported by your
lecture. With Tegrity, you also increase intent listening and class
participation by easing students’ concerns about note-taking. Using Tegrity
in Connect will make it more likely you will see students’ faces, not the
tops of their heads.

Test Builder in Connect

Available within Connect, Test Builder is a cloud-based tool that enables
instructors to format tests that can be printed, administered within a
Learning Management System, or exported as a Word document of the test
bank. Test Builder offers a modern, streamlined interface for easy content
configuration that matches course needs, without requiring a download.
Test Builder allows you to:
access all test bank content from a particular title.
easily pinpoint the most relevant content through robust filtering options.
manipulate the order of questions or scramble questions and/or answers.
pin questions to a specific location within a test.
determine your preferred treatment of algorithmic questions.
choose the layout and spacing.
add instructions and configure default settings.
Test Builder provides a secure interface for better protection of content
and allows for just-in-time updates to flow directly into assessments.

Writing Assignment
Available within Connect and Connect Master, the Writing Assignment tool
delivers a learning experience to help students improve their written
communication skills and conceptual understanding. As an instructor you
can assign, monitor, grade, and provide feedback on writing more
efficiently and effectively.

Application-Based Activities in Connect

Application-Based Activities in Connect are highly interactive, assignable
exercises that provide students a safe space to apply the concepts they have
learned to real-world, course-specific problems. Each Application-Based
Activity involves the application of multiple concepts, allowing students to
synthesize information and use critical thinking skills to solve realistic
scenarios.
Create
Your Book, Your Way
McGraw Hill’s Content Collections Powered by Create® is a self-service
website that enables instructors to create custom course materials—print
and eBooks—by drawing upon McGraw Hill’s comprehensive, cross-
disciplinary content. Choose what you want from our high-quality
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and easily, and tap into other rights-secured, third-party content such as
readings, cases, and articles. Content can be arranged in a way that makes
the most sense for your course and you can include the course page xiv
name and information as well. Choose the best format for your
course: color print, black-and-white print, or eBook. The eBook can be
included in your Connect course and is available on the free ReadAnywhere
app for smartphone or tablet access as well. When you are finished
customizing, you will receive a free digital copy to review in just minutes!
Visit McGraw Hill Create®—www.mcgrawhillcreate.com—today and
begin building!

ASSURANCE OF LEARNING READY

Many educational institutions today focus on the notion of assurance of
learning, an important element of some accreditation standards. Advanced
Financial Accounting is designed specifically to support your assurance of
learning initiatives with a simple yet powerful solution.
Each test bank question for Advanced Financial Accounting maps to a
specific chapter learning outcome/objective listed in the text. You can use
our test bank software, TestGen, or McGraw Hill’s Connect Accounting to
easily query for learning outcomes/objectives that directly relate to the
learning objectives for your course. You can then use the reporting features
of TestGen to aggregate student results in a similar fashion, making the
collection and presentation of assurance of learning data simple and easy.

AACSB STATEMENT
The McGraw Hill Companies is a proud corporate member of AACSB
International. Understanding the importance and value of AACSB
accreditation, Advanced Financial Accounting Thirteenth Edition
recognizes the curricula guidelines detailed in the AACSB standards for
business accreditation by connecting selected questions in the text and the
test bank to the six general knowledge and skill guidelines in the AACSB
standards.
The statements contained in Advanced Financial Accounting Thirteenth
Edition are provided only as a guide for the users of this textbook. The
AACSB leaves content coverage and assessment within the purview of
individual schools, the mission of the school, and the faculty. Although
Advanced Financial Accounting Thirteenth Edition and the teaching
package make no claim of any specific AACSB qualification or evaluation,
we have within Advanced Financial Accounting Thirteenth Edition labeled
selected questions according to the six general knowledge and skills areas.

ROGER CPA

McGraw Hill Education has partnered with Roger CPA Review, a global
leader in CPA Exam preparation, to provide students a smooth transition
from the accounting classroom to successful completion of the CPA Exam.
While many aspiring accountants wait until they have completed their
academic studies to begin preparing for the CPA Exam, research shows that
those who become familiar with exam content earlier in the process have a
stronger chance of successfully passing the CPA Exam. Accordingly,
students using these McGraw Hill materials will have access to sample CPA
Exam Task-based Simulations from Roger CPA Review, with expert-written
explanations and solutions. All questions are either directly from the
AICPA or are modeled on AICPA questions that appear in the exam. Task-
based Simulations are delivered via the Roger CPA Review platform, which
mirrors the look, feel, and functionality of the actual exam. McGraw Hill
Education and Roger CPA Review are dedicated to supporting every
accounting student along their journey, ultimately helping them achieve
career success in the accounting profession. For more information about the
full Roger CPA Review program, exam requirements, and exam content,
visit www.rogercpareview.com.

page xv

CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER CHANGES IN THE

THIRTEENTH EDITION
Chapter 1 emphasizes the importance of business acquisitions and
combinations. The chapter has been significantly reorganized and updated
based on feedback from textbook adopters to provide a clearer and more
concise discussion of the accounting treatment of mergers, acquisitions,
and other intercorporate investments. We have substantially revised the
chapter and updated the beginning-of-chapter vignette and callout boxes to
provide updated real-world examples of the topics discussed in the
chapter. We include a new opening vignette about the T-Mobile merger
with Sprint.
Chapter 2 summarizes the different types of intercorporate investments.
The coverage in this chapter, which is specific to accounting for equity
securities, has been updated consistent with ASU 2016-01, which is
codified into ASC 321. This chapter also introduces consolidation in the
most straightforward scenario—where the parent company acquires full
ownership of the subsidiary for an amount equal to the subsidiary’s book
value (i.e., no differential). This chapter introduces a method of shading
our consolidation worksheet entries to make them easily distinguishable
by the reader. We have updated this chapter to provide a more streamlined
and understandable coverage of topics traditionally included in this
chapter. Finally, we have updated the “callout boxes” that provide real-
world examples of the topics discussed in the chapter, some of which
provide additional information about Berkshire Hathaway’s investments
discussed in the introductory vignette.
Chapter 3 explores how the basic consolidation process differs when a
subsidiary is only partially owned. Moreover, it introduces the notion of
special-purpose entities and accounting standards related to variable
interest entities (VIE) by discussing the Coca-Cola Company. This
chapter includes updated FASB guidance in ASC 810 related to the
characteristics of a VIE and the primary beneficiary or reporting entity. In
addition, we have updated the callout boxes to help students understand
the intricacies associated with the consolidation of a partially owned
subsidiary and dealing with variable interest entities.
Chapter 4 gives a behind-the-scenes look at the work that goes into the
consolidation process based on Disney Corporation including its now
controlling investment in BAMTech, which holds Major League
Baseball’s streaming technology and content delivery business. This
chapter introduces consolidation of wholly owned subsidiaries with a
differential, which results in situations in which the acquiring company
pays more than the book value of the acquired company’s net assets. A
new example of this differential is highlighted with Microsoft’s acquisition
of GitHub. This chapter adds a detailed explanation of the shading of the
consolidation worksheet entries introduced in Chapter 2.
Chapter 5 introduces majority ownership of subsidiaries based on the 51
percent acquisition of Massmart by Walmart. We further the discussion
of acquisitions with a differential that has the added complexity of
noncontrolling interest shareholders when they purchase less than 100
percent of the outstanding common stock. We have simplified the
coverage of some of the topics in this chapter and removed tangential
topics to provide more concise coverage of the important material.
Chapter 6 introduces intercompany inventory transfers based on
Samsung Electronics and its subsidiaries, which accounted for 57 percent
of Samsung’s total revenues in 2019. The elimination of intercompany
profits can become complicated. In fact, intercompany inventory
transactions and the consolidated procedures associated with them
represent one of the topics textbook adopters have found most difficult to
teach to students. As a result, we have rewritten this with added
illustrations to better simplify adjustments to the basic consolidation entry
in both the year when an intercompany sale of inventory leads to a deferral
of gross profit (Year 1) and the next year when this deferral is reversed
(Year 2). In addition, we have updated a series of new callout boxes to
draw students’ attention to the subtle complexities that our students have
frequently struggled to understand.
Chapter 7 presents a real fixed asset transfer between two of Micron’s
page xvi
subsidiaries. This chapter explores the accounting for both
depreciable and nondepreciable asset transfers among affiliated
companies. Continuing the coverage of intercompany transfers from
Chapter 6, Chapter 7 is one of the most difficult to teach for many
adopters. Therefore, we have updated this chapter and the a new three-year
comprehensive example of an intercompany sale of land. We have also
reorganized some of the material and have added illustrations to better
simplify adjustments to the basic consolidation entry and new graphics to
simplify difficult topics.
Chapter 8 begins with a new example of how intercompany indebtedness
played a significant role in the resolution of the bankruptcy of Caesars
Entertainment Corporation’s (CEC) largest casino operating subsidiary,
Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. (CEOC). New to this
edition are detailed calculation explanations for all Bond Amortizations,
Present Values, and Future Values, illustrated in the chapter examples.
These new explanations also illustrate how these calculations can all be
performed using a hand-held calculator. This edition also continues the use
of the effective interest method in the body of the chapter with coverage of
the straight-line method illustrated in the appendix to the chapter.
Chapter 9 returns to the discussion of Berkshire Hathaway to
demonstrate that, in practice, ownership situations can be complex. The
discussion here provides a basic understanding of some of the
consolidation problems arising from complex situations commonly
encountered in practice, including but not limited to changes in the
parent’s ownership interest and multiple ownership levels. We have
revised the chapter to clarify some of these complex transactions.
Chapter 10 uses the example of the rapid growth of Alphabet (formerly
Google Inc.) to explore four additional issues related to consolidated
financial statements: the consolidated statement of cash flows,
consolidation following an interim acquisition, consolidated tax
considerations, and consolidated earnings per share. We have revised the
chapter to clarify some of the illustrative examples and update the call-out
boxes.
Chapter 11 focuses on foreign currency transactions, financial
instruments, and the effects that changes in exchange rates can have on
reported results. We provide real-world examples of the topics discussed
in the chapter, including the introductory vignette about Microsoft. We
have revised this chapter to clarify the illustrations and update the call-out
boxes.
Chapter 12 resumes the discussion of international accounting by
exploring McDonald’s global empire and how differences in accounting
standards across countries and jurisdictions can cause significant
difficulties for multinational firms. We have revised the chapter to clarify
the narrative and illustrations.
Chapter 13 examines segment reporting. We have made minor revisions
to more clearly discuss the accounting standards for reporting an entity’s
operating components, foreign operations, and major customers and have
updated the callout boxes illustrating how real companies, including
Walmart from the introductory vignette, deal with segment reporting
issues. We have also updated for recent changes in the tax law.
Chapter 14 reviews the complex role of the Securities and Exchange
Commission to regulate trades of securities and to determine the type of
financial disclosures that a publicly held company must make. We have
made light revisions to update the coverage for changes to laws and
regulations.
Chapter 15 uses the example of PricewaterhouseCoopers to summarize
the evolution of the original Big 8 accounting firms to today’s Big 4 with
an emphasis on partnerships. This chapter focuses on the formation and
operation of partnerships, including accounting for the addition of new
partners and the retirement of a present partner. We have made light
revisions to the chapter to better explain partnership accounting.
Chapter 16 illustrates the dissolution of partnerships with the page xvii
example of Laventhol & Horwath, the seventh-largest
accounting firm in 1990. We have made light revisions to clarify some of
the more difficult concepts related to partnership liquidation.
Chapter 17 introduces the topic of accounting for governmental entities.
The chapter has two parts: the accounting and reporting requirements for
state and local governmental units and a comprehensive illustration of
accounting for a city’s general fund. We have made light revisions to
better explain some topics that students have found to be most difficult.
Moreover, we have updated the callout boxes (most of which highlight
specific examples related to the introductory vignette about San Diego,
California) to clarify various topics.
Chapter 18 resumes the discussion of accounting for governmental
entities by specifically examining special funds and governmentwide
financial statements. We have lightly revised the chapter topics that are
often misunderstood by students and have updated the callout boxes
(which highlight specific examples related to the introductory vignette
about the state of Maryland). Moreover, we have added some additional
details related to more recent GASB pronouncements that were not
included in the last edition.
Chapter 19 introduces accounting for not-for-profit entities using the
example of United Way Worldwide, the largest charitable organization in
the United States. We present the accounting and financial reporting
principles used by both governmental and nongovernmental colleges and
universities, health care providers, voluntary health and welfare
organizations, and other not-for-profit organizations such as professional
and fraternal associations. We have made revisions to better explain some
topics that students have found to be most difficult.
Chapter 20 introduces our final topic of corporations in financial
difficulty by illustrating General Motors Company (GM) and its Chapter
11 bankruptcy protection granted in 2009. GM’s experience illustrates that
dealing with financial difficulty can be a long and complicated process,
especially for large corporations. We present the range of major actions
typically used by such a company. We have made minor revisions to the
chapter content and have updated the callout boxes to highlight recent
well-publicized bankruptcies.
 page xviii

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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
stamped on the idea (that then enthused the War Office mind) of
England once more engaged in a great Continental War!
“Marlboroughs Cheap To-day!” was the kettle of fish advertised by
the Militarists!
I walked the sands of Scheveningen with General Gross von
Schwartzhoff in June, 1899. The German Emperor said he
(Schwartzhoff) was a greater than Moltke. He was the Military
German Delegate at the Hague Conference; he was designated as
Chief of the General Staff at Berlin, but he was burnt to death in
China instead. I had done him a very good turn indeed, so he
opened his heart to me. There was no German Navy then. We
were doing Fashoda; and he expatiated on the rôle of the British
Army—how the absolute supremacy of the British Navy gave it
such inordinate power far beyond its numerical strength, because
200,000 men embarked in transports, and God only knowing
where they might be put ashore, was a weapon of enormous
influence, and capable of deadly blows—occupying perhaps
Antwerp, Flushing, &c. (but, of course, he only was thinking of the
Cotentin Peninsula), or landing 90 miles from Berlin on that 14
miles of sandy beach [in Pomerania], impossible of defence
against a battle fleet sweeping with devastating shells the flat
country for miles, like a mower’s scythe—no fortifications able to
withstand projectiles of 1,450 lb.
Yes! you are so right! the average man is incapable of a wide
survey! he looks through a pinhole and only sees just a little bit
much magnified! Napoleon and Cromwell! Where are they?

* * * * *
1912.
April 29th.
Naples.

... You say to me—“Come home!”—you remind me of “personal

influence.” I know it! Three days ago I was invited to name one of
three week-ends in June to meet two very great men at a country
house—no one else. Day before yesterday Winston Churchill asks
me. Hardly a week passes without such similar pressure from most
influential quarters—“Why don’t I come home and smash and
pulverize?” Of course, they one and all exaggerate—that in ten
minutes I could “sweep the board” and so on! I know exactly what I
can do. I’ve been fighting 50 years! But I don’t want a personal
victory!
... I am going to take my body and what little money I have ... to
the United States in the near future. It would be no use my coming
home. The mischief is done!... From patriotic motives I’ve given
Winston of my very best in the replies going to him this day from
Brindisi by King’s Messenger, as regards designs and policy and
fighting measures.

* * * * *
1912.
May 15th.

... Well! as you say, every blessed thing at Weymouth [the

Fleet Inspection] absolutely dates from 1909, except the aviation,
and even that I pressed to its present condition dead against great
opposition, but I wrote so strongly that —— took the bit between
his teeth on that subject! And you ask me the question “How goes
it for the future!”
Well! Lloyd George is the real man, and so far judging from his
most intimate conversation with me, all is well!... A propos of all
this I’ve been specially invited to meet four people of importance at
a week-end meeting—no others. I was asked twice before—and
again now repeated; but I think it best to abstain. I think you will
approve of my not going. I have declined to go with W. C. in the
Admiralty Yacht.

* * * * *
1912.
May 19th.
Naples.

I have a letter from W. C. this morning that he and the Prime

Minister have decided to come direct here to Naples to spend a
few days, and a telegram has just come saying they arrive on May
23rd.... I suppose the coming Supplementary Estimates and also
types of new ships about which I am in deadly antagonism with
every living soul at the Admiralty, and one of the consequences
has been that a great Admiralty official has got the boot!!! So
Winston is right when he writes to me this morning that in all vital
points I have had my way! He adds: “The Future of the Navy rests
in the hands of men in whom your confidence is as strong as mine
... and no change of Government would carry with it any change of
policy in this respect.”

* * * * *
1912.
Kilverstone Hall,

June 30th.
Thetford
.

My plot is working exactly as forecast. By and by you’ll say it’s

the best thing I ever did. The Prime Minister and Winston would not
listen at Naples to my urgent cry “Increase your margin!” They
have got to recruit without stint and build 8 “Mastodons” instead of
4. Wait and see!
The recruiting HAS begun. The 8 will follow.

We want 8
We won’t wait.

No other course but that now in progress would have done it. I
don’t mind personal obloquy, but it’s a bit hard to undergo my
friends’ doubts of me; but the clouds will roll by.... I’ve got all my
“working bees” round me here of the Royal Commission [on Oil
and the Internal Combustion engine]. We shall stagger humanity!
1912.
July 6th.
Kilverstone Hall.
 ... Really all my thoughts are with my Royal Commission. I
expect you will see that the course of action will inevitably result in
what I ventured to indicate if only the Admiralty will keep their
backs to the wall of the irreducible margin required in Home
Waters. The only pity was that dear old —— said we were
sufficiently strong for two years or more, which of course is quite
true, but his saying so may prevent Lloyd George being hustled (as
he otherwise would have been). Luckily I prevented —— saying
even more of our present great preponderance—but let us hope
“All’s well that ends well.” Ian Hamilton came in most effectively
with his witnessing the armoured Cruiser “Suffolk” laden with a
Battalion of the Malta Garrison being twice torpedoed by a
submarine.

* * * * *
1912.
July 15th.

... This instant the news has come to me that there are 750
eligible and selected candidates for 60 vacancies for Boy-Artificers
in the Navy at the approaching examination! When I introduced this
scheme 8 years ago every man’s hand was against me, and the
whole weight of Trades Unionism inside the House of Commons
and out of it was organised against me.... We were dominated by
the Engineers! We had to accept Engine Room artificers for the
Navy who had been brought up on making bicycles! Now, these
boys are suckled on the marine engine! and they have knocked out
the old lot completely. Our very best Engine Room artificers now in
the Navy are these boys! Not one of my colleagues or anyone else
supported me! Do you wonder that I don’t care a d—n what anyone
says? The man you are going to see on Wednesday—how has he
recognised that we are at this moment stronger than the Triple
Alliance? The leaders of both political parties—how have they
recognised that 19 millions sterling of public money actually
allocated was saved and the re-arrangement of British Sea Power
so stealthily carried out that not a sign appeared of any remark by
either our own or by any Foreign Diplomatists, until an obscure
article in the Scientific American by Admiral Mahan stated that of a
sudden he (Mahan) had discovered that 88 per cent. of the Sea
Power of England was concentrated on Germany? But the most
ludicrous thing of all is that up to this very moment no one has
really recognised that the Dreadnought caused such a deepening
and dredging of German harbours and their approaches, and a
new Kiel Canal, as to cripple Germany up to a.d. 1915, and make
their coasts accessible, which were previously denied to our ships
because of their heavy draught for service in all the world!

* * * * *
1912.
August 2nd.

At the Defence Committee yesterday ... we had a regular set-to

with Lloyd George (supported by Harcourt and Morley chiefly)
against the provision of defence for Cromarty as a shelter
anchorage for the Fleet, and the Prime Minister adjourned the
discussion to the Cabinet as the temperature got hot! As you know,
I’ve always been “dead on” for Cromarty and hated Rosyth, which
is an unsafe anchorage—the whole Fleet in jeopardy the other day
—and there’s that beastly bridge which, if blown up, makes the
egress very risky without examination.... Also Cromarty is
strategically better than Rosyth.... Also Lloyd George had a row
about the airships—Seely’s Sub-Committee. We must have
airships.

* * * * *
1912.
August 7th.

I still hate Rosyth and fortifications and East Coast Docks and
said so the other day! but what we devise at Cromarty is for
another purpose—to fend off German Cruisers possibly by an
accident of fog or stupidity getting loose on our small craft taking
their ease or re-fuelling in Cromarty (Oil will change all this in time,
but as yet we have for years coal-fed vessels to deal with).... I’ve
got enthusiastic colleagues on the oil business! They’re all bitten!
Internal Combustion Engine Rabies!
 * * * * *
1912.
September.

... What an ass I was to come home! but it was next door to
impossible to resist the pressure put on me, and then can you think
it was wise of me to plunge once more into so vast a business as
future motor Battleships? Changing the face of the Navy, and, as
Lloyd George said to me last Friday, getting the Coal of England as
my mortal enemy!

* * * * *
1912.
Sept. 14th.

This Royal Commission [on oil] is a wonder! We have our first

meeting on September 24th, and practically it is finished though it
will go on for years and years and never submit a Report! You will
love the modus operandi when some day I expound it to you!... In
the second week of December we have an illustration on the scale
of 12 inches to a foot of producing oil from coal. Twenty-five tons a
day will be produced as an example. All that is required is to treble
the retorting plant of all gas works in the United Kingdom where
there is a Mayor and Corporation, and to treble their “through put”
of coal! We get two million tons of oil that way! We only want one
million.
I addressed the Directors of the S.E. & Chatham Railway last
Tuesday, and hope I persuaded them to build a motor vessel of 24
knots between Calais and Dover, and proved to them they could
save an hour between Paris and London—the whole side of the
vessel falls down and makes a gangway on to a huge pontoon at
Calais and Dover and all the passengers march straight out
(“Every man straight before him,” like the Israelites did at Jericho,
and the walls fell down before them!) No more climbing up Mont
Blanc up a narrow precipitous gangway from the steamer to the
jetty in the rain, and an old woman blocking you with her parcels
and umbrella jammed by the stanchions, and they ask her for her
ticket and she don’t know which pocket it’s in! and the rain going
down your neck all the time! A glass roof goes over the motor
vessel—she has no funnels, and her telescopic wireless masts
wind down by a 2 h.p. motor so as not to go through the glass roof.
But all this is nothing to H.M.S. “Incomparable”—a 25 knot
battleship that will go round the whole earth without refuelling!...
The plans of her will be finished next Monday, and I wrote last night
to say I proposed in my capacity as a private British Citizen to go
over in three weeks’ time in the White Star “Adriatic” to get Borden
[the Canadian Prime Minister] to build her at Quebec. The Building
Yard put up there by Vickers is under a guarantee to build a
Dreadnought in Canada in May and the great Dreadnought Dock
left Barrow for Quebec on August 31st. No English Government
would ever make this plunge, which is why I propose going to
Canada—to that great man, Borden—and take the Vickers people
to make their bargain for building.

* * * * *
1912.
Sept. 20th.

... My idea now is to raise a syndicate to build the “Non-Pareil”!

A few millionaires would suffice, and I know sufficient of them to do
it. All the drawings and designs quite ready. The one all pervading,
all absorbing thought is to get in first with motor ships before the
Germans! Owing to our apathy during the last two years they are
ahead with internal combustion engines! They have killed 15 men
in experiments with oil engines and we have not killed one! And a d
—d fool of an English politician told me the other day that he thinks
this creditable to us!
Without any doubt (I have it from an eye-witness of part of the
machinery for her at Nuremberg) a big German oil engine Cruiser
is under weigh! We must press forward.... These d—d politics are
barring the way.... “What!” (say these trembling idiots) “Another
Dreadnought Revolution!” and these boneless fools chatter with
fear like apes when they see an elephant! The imagination cannot
picture that “a greater than the Dreadnought is here!” Imagine a
silhouette presenting a target 33 per cent. less than any living or
projected Battleship! No funnels—no masts—no smoke—she
carries over 5,000 tons of oil, enough to take her round the world
without refuelling! Imagine what that means! Ten motor boats
carried on board in an armoured pit in the middle of her, where the
funnels and the boilers used to be. Two of these motor boats are
over 60 feet long and go 45 knots! and carry 21-inch Torpedoes
15
that go five miles! Imagine these let loose in a sea fight! Imagine
projectiles far over a ton weight! going over a mile or more further
than even the 13½-inch gun can carry, and that gun has rightly
staggered humanity!—Yes! that 13½-inch gun that all my
colleagues (bar one! and he is our future Nelson! [Jellicoe]) thought
me mad to force through against unanimous disapproval! and see
where we are now in consequence! We shall have 16 British
Dreadnoughts with the 13½-inch gun before the Germans have
one!!! So it will be with the “Non-Pareil”! WE HAVE GOT TO HAVE
16
HER ... I’ve worked harder over this job than in all my life before!

* * * * *
1912.
Dec. 29th.

... I’m getting sick of England and want to get back to Naples
and the sun! and the “dolce far niente!” What fools we all are to
work like we do! Till we drop!
 CHAPTER XIII
AMERICANS

My very best friends are Americans. I was the Admiral in North

America, and saw “American Beauties” at Bermuda. (Those
American roses and the American women are equal!) And without
question they are the very best dancers in the world! (I suppose it’s
from so much skating!) My only son married an American lady (which
rejoiced me), and an American gentleman on the steamer
complimented me that she had come over and vanquished him
instead of his going, as the usual way is, to America to capture her! I
had such a time in America when I went over to the wedding! I never
can forget the hospitality so boundless and sincere! I really might
have spent three years in America (so I calculated) in paying visits
earnestly desired. The Reporters (25 of them) asked me when I left
what I thought of their country (I tried to dodge them, but found them
all in my cabin when I went on board!) I summed it up in the one word
I greatly admire—“HUSTLE!” and I got an adhesive label in America
which I also loved! Great Black Block letters on a crimson ground—

RUSH

You stick it on a letter or the back of a slow fool. Mr. McCrea, the
President of the Pennsylvania Railway, had his private car to take me
to Philadelphia from New York. We went 90 miles in 90 minutes, and
such a dinner! Two black gentlemen did it all. And I found my luggage
in my room when I arrived labelled:
 “MR. LORD FISHER”
(How it got there so quick I can’t imagine.) I was bombed by a
photographer as we arrived late at night, and an excellent
photograph he took, but it gave me a shock! I had never been done
like that! I had the great pleasure of dining with Mr. Woodrow Wilson.
I predicted to the reporters he would be the next President for sure! I
was told I was about the first to say so—anyhow, the 25 reporters put
it down as my news!
I met several great Americans during my visit; but the loveliest
meeting I ever had was when, long before, a charming company of
American gentlemen came on July 4th to Admiralty House at
Bermuda to celebrate “Independence Day!” I got my speech in before
theirs! I said George Washington was the greatest Englishman who
ever lived! England had never been so prosperous, thanks solely to
him, as since his time and now! because he taught us how to
associate with our fellow countrymen when they went abroad and set
up house for themselves! And that George Washington was the
precursor of that magnificent conception of John Bright in his speech
of the ages when he foretold a great Commonwealth—yes a great
Federation—of all those speaking the same tongue—that tongue
which is the “business” tongue of the world—as it expresses in fewer
words than any other language what one desires to convey! And I
suppose now we have got Palestine that this Federal House of
Commons of the future will meet at Jerusalem, the capital of the lost
Ten Tribes of Israel, whom we are without doubt, for how otherwise
could ever we have so prospered when we have had such idiots to
guide us and rule us as those who gave up Heligoland, Tangier,
Curaçoa, Corfu, Delagoa Bay, Java, Sumatra, Minorca, etc., etc.? I
have been at all the places named, so am able to state from personal
knowledge that only congenital idiots could have been guilty of such
inconceivable folly as the surrender of them, and again I say: “Let us
thank God that we are the lost ten tribes of Israel!” Mr. Lloyd George,
in a famous speech long ago in the War, showed how we had been
14 times “too late!” How many more “too lates” since he made that
memorable speech? Especially what about our shipbuilding and the
German submarine menace and Rationing? (The only favoured
trades seem to be Brewing and Racing! Both so flourishing!)
The American barber on board the “Baltic” told me a good story.
He was a quaint man, clean shaved and wore black alpaca
throughout. Halfway across the Atlantic I was waiting to have my hair
cut, when a gentleman bounced in on him, kicking up a devil of a fuss
about wanting something at once! The barber, without moving a
muscle, calmed him by saying: “Are you leaving to-day, Sir?” But this
was his story. He was barber in the train from Chicago to New York
that never stops “even for a death” (so he told me) when the train
suddenly stopped at a small village and a lady got out. Mr.
Thompson, the President of the Railway, was in the train, and asked
why? The conductor showed an order signed by a great man of the
Railway to stop there. When Mr. Thompson got to New York he
asked this great man “What excuse?” and added: “I wouldn’t have
done it for my wife!” and the answer he got was: “No more would I!”
But the sequel of the story is that I told this tale at an international
cosmopolitan lunch party at Lucerne and said: “The curious thing is I
knew the man!” when Mr. Chauncey Depew wiped me out by saying
that “he knew the woman!”
This American Barber quaintly praised the Engine Driver of this
Chicago train by telling me that “he was always looking for what he
didn’t want!” and so had avoided the train going into a River by
noticing something wrong with the points!
 By kind Permission of “London Opinion.”
America and the Blockade.
“Why Mr. Wilson should expect this country
to refrain from exercising a right in return for
Germany’s refraining from committing
wrongs is not very clear to the ordinary
intelligence.”—Daily Paper.
Dame Wilson (to P. C. Fisher):—“Oh,
Constable! Don’t hurt him. I’m sure he won’t
 murder anyone else!”
Admiral Sampson brought his Squadron of the United States
Navy to visit me at Bermuda. I was then the Admiral in North
America. At the banquet I gave in his honour I proposed his health,
and that of the United States. He never said a word. Presently one of
his Officers went up and whispered something in his ear. I sent the
wine round, and the Admiral then got up, and made the best speech I
ever heard. All he said was: “It was a d—d fine old hen that hatched
the American Eagle!” His chaplain, after dinner, complimented me on
the Officers of my Flagship, the “Renown.” He said: “He had not
heard a single ‘swear’ from ‘Soup to Pea-nuts’”!

Lord Fisher on John Bright

(From “Bright’s House Journal”)
At a dinner held in London the other day to Mr. Josephus Daniels,
Secretary to the United States Navy, Lord Fisher made the following
speech in which he referred to a speech by Mr. John Bright:—

“Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher, who was called upon also
to respond, was received with cheers, the whole company
standing up and drinking his health. He said he had no doubt it
would be pleasing to them if he spoke about America. He was
there one week. Mr. Daniels had been here about one week. He
was in America one week because his only son was married
there to the only daughter of a great Philadelphian.

* * * * *
“‘King Edward who was a kind friend to me—in fact he was
my only friend at one time’—remarked Lord Fisher,’ said to me,
“You are the best hated man in the British Empire,” and I replied,
“Yes, perhaps I am.” The King then said, “Do you know I am the
only friend you have?” I said, “Perhaps your Majesty is right, but
 you have backed the winner.” Afterwards I came out on top when
I said, “Do you remember you backed the winner and now
everyone is saying what a sagacious King you are? The betting
was a thousand to one.”’

* * * * *
“But he was going to tell them about America, and some of
them would hear things they had never before heard about their
own country. When he was at Bermuda a deputation of American
citizens waited upon him on July 4th. To tell the honest truth he
had forgotten about it. He told the deputation he knew what they
had come there for. ‘You know,’ he said to them, ‘the greatest
Englishman that ever lived was George Washington. He taught
us how to rule our Colonies. He told us that freedom was the
thing to give them. Why, if it had not been for George Washington
America might have been Ireland.’ ‘I shook hands with them,’
continued Lord Fisher, ‘and they went away and said nothing
they had come to say....
“‘Now I will talk about the League of Nations. In a.d. 1910 an
American citizen wished to see me; and he said to me, taking a
paper out of his pocket, “Have you read that?” I looked at it and
saw it was a speech by John Bright, mostly in words of one
syllable—simplicity is, of course, the great thing. That speech is
really very little known on this side of the Atlantic or on the other,
but it so impressed me at the time that I have been thinking of it
ever since. John Bright said he looked forward to the time when
there would be a compulsory peace—when those who spoke
with the same tongue would form a great federation of free
nations joined together.’”

The following is an extract from the speech by Mr. John Bright. It

was delivered at Edinburgh in 1868:—
 “I do not know whether it is a dream or a vision, or the
foresight of a future reality that sometimes passes across my
mind—I like to dwell upon it—but I frequently think the time may
come when the maritime nations of Europe—this renowned
country of which we are citizens, France, Prussia, resuscitated
Spain, Italy, and the United States of America—may see that
vast fleets are of no use; that they are merely menaces offered
from one country to another; and that they may come to this wise
conclusion—that they will combine at their joint expense, and
under some joint management, to supply the sea with a sufficient
sailing and armed police which may be necessary to keep the
peace on all parts of the watery surface of the globe, and that
those great instruments of war and oppression shall no longer be
upheld. This, of course, by many will be thought to be a dream or
a vision, not the foresight of what they call a statesman.”

Sir Hiram Maxim

When Sir Hiram Maxim—that great American—was very little
known, he came to see me when I was Captain of the Gunnery ship
at Portsmouth, bringing with him his ever-famous Maxim gun, to be
tried by me. So we went to Whale Island to practise with the gun; and
when he was ready to fire I adopted the usual practice in trying all
new guns and ordered the experimental party to get under cover; and
at that order they were supposed to go into a sort of dug-out.
Evidently old Maxim considered this an insult to his gun, and he
roared out at the top of his voice: “Britishers under cover, Yankees
out in the open!” The gun didn’t burst and it was all right; but it might
have, all the same.
Admiral Hornby the bravest of the brave, was one of the
Britishers; and he came to lunch with me, being extremely fascinated
with Hiram’s quaintness. Hiram was a delightful man in my opinion,
and I remember his telling me that if I wanted to live long and see
good days the thing was to eat Pork and Beans. I never had the
chance, till 1910, of eating them cooked à l’Américaine; and I then
agreed with Hiram Maxim—no more delicious dish in the world, but
you can’t get it in England! After lunch there were some oranges on
the table; and to my dying day I shall never forget the extraordinary
look on Sir Geoffrey Hornby’s beautiful, refined face as Hiram
reached out and grasped an orange from the centre of the table—
tore it apart, and buried his face sucking out the contents, emerging
all orange. He told us that was the way to enjoy an orange. We
neither of us were up to it!
 CHAPTER XIV
SOME SPECIAL MISSIONS

I was sent as a very young Lieutenant to a little fishing village

called Heppens in Oldenburg. It is now Wilhelmshaven, chief Naval
Port of Germany. Its river, the Jahde, was then a shallow stream.
The occasion for my visit was the cession to King William of Prussia,
as he was then, of this place, Heppens, by the Grand Duke of
Oldenburg; and there I met King William, to whom I sat next but one
at lunch, and Bismarck and von Moltke and von Roon were there.
We had a very long-winded speech from the Burgomaster, and
Bismarck, whom I was standing next to, said to me in the middle of
it: “I didn’t know this was going to happen, or I would have cut him
short.” The King asked me at lunch why I had been sent, and if there
was no one else who knew about torpedoes. Well, I don’t think there
was. It was an imposing and never-to-be-forgotten sight, that lunch.
They all wore their helmets and great-coats at lunch—so mediæval
—and telegrams kept coming to Bismarck, who would get up and
draw the King aside, and then they would sit down again. Von Roon I
thought very débonnaire, and Moltke was like an old image, taciturn
and inscrutable, but he talked English as well as I did.
Years after this, Prince Adalbert’s Naval Aide-de-camp, who was
a great friend of mine, told me that on the day of mobilization in the
war with France he was sent to von Moltke with a message from
Prince Adalbert, who was King William’s brother and Head of the
Navy, to ask him whether he could see Prince Adalbert for a few
moments. To his astonishment, my friend found Moltke lying on a
sofa reading “Lady Audley’s Secret,” by Miss Braddon, and he told
him he could see the Prince for as long as he liked and whenever he
liked. The word “Mobilize” had finished all his work for the present.
 On the occasion of my visit I imagined and reported what
Heppens would become, and so it did. I never can make out why I
didn’t get a German decoration. I think perhaps they thought me too
young. However, I had the honour of an empty sentry-box placed
outside the little inn where I was staying; and if I had been of higher
rank there would have been a sentry in it. The little inn was very
unpretentious, and when the landlord had carved for us he came and
sat down at table with us. Some days after, at a very exclusive
Military Club in Berlin, I met the King’s two illegitimate brothers. They
were exactly like him; also I breakfasted with the Head of the
German Mining School. I remember it, because we only had raw
herring and black bread for breakfast. He was very poor, although he
was exceeding clever, and had as his right-hand man a wonderful
chemist. So far as I know, the present German mine is nearly what it
was then, and the sea-gulls rested on the protuberances as they do
now, for I went to Kiel Bay to see them. There was a lovely hotel at
Kiel, where they treated me royally. I recommended the adoption of
these German mines, and it’s a pity we didn’t. They hold the field to
this very day. However, the First Sea Lord of that date didn’t believe
in mines or torpedoes or submarines, and I was packed off to China
in the old two-decker “Donegal,” as Commander of the China
Flagship. Long afterwards Sir Hastings Yelverton, who became First
Sea Lord, unburied my Memorandum headed “Ocean Warfare,” and
supported the views in it. It enunciated the principle of “Hit first, hit
hard, and keep on hitting,” and discoursed on Submarines and
Mines.

Reval
You are remarking to me of a charming letter written to me by the
late Emperor of Russia’s youngest sister—the Grand Duchess Olga.
She is a peculiarly sweet creature. Her nickname amongst the
Russians was “Sunshine.” Stolypin, the Prime Minister, told me that,
and he also said to me that she was a kind of life-buoy because if
you walked about with her you would not get bombed by an
anarchist. All loved her.
I made her acquaintance first at Carlsbad. On my arrival at the
hotel I found King Edward’s Equerry waiting in the hall. I had written
to tell the King, who was at Marienbad, in answer to his enquiry, as
to the day I should arrive and what time; and he came over to
Marienbad from Carlsbad. I went then and there and found him just
finishing lunch with a peculiarly charming looking young lady, who
turned out to be the Grand Duchess Olga, and her husband, the
Grand Duke of Oldenburg, from whom happily she is now divorced (I
didn’t like the look of him at all). The King, having satisfied himself
that I had had lunch, and he then smoking a cigar as big as a
capstan bar, after talking of various things which interested him, told
me that his niece, the Grand Duchess Olga, did not know anyone in
Carlsbad, and he relied on me to make her time there pleasant, so I
promptly asked her if she could waltz. She said she loved it, but she
somehow never got the step properly, whereupon I asked the King if
he had any objection to getting into the corner of the room while I
moved the table and took the rugs up to give her Imperial Highness
a lesson. He made some little difficulty at first, but eventually went
into the corner; and when the lesson began he was quite pleased
and clapped his hands and called out “Bravo!” The best waltz tune in
the world is one of Moody and Sankey’s hymns. I don’t know
whether Sankey originated the saying that he didn’t see why the
Devil should have all the good music. I don’t by that implicate that
the waltz was the devil’s; but, without any doubt, there is a good deal
of temptation in it, and when you get a good partner you cleave to
her all the evening.
This dancing lesson was an unalloyed success, so I asked her to
a dance the next night at the Savoy Hotel; and after some more
words with the King I left, and walking down the stairs to go to my
hotel, I thought to myself: “How on earth are you going to get up a
dance when you don’t know a soul in the place?” when who should I
meet but a friend of mine—a Spanish Grandee, the Marquis de Villa
Vieja, and he arranged what really turned out to be a ball, as he
knew everybody, and I having some dear American friends at
Marienbad I telegraphed them to come over and dine with the Grand
Duchess and stay the night for the ball, and they did. When the
dance had begun, and the Grand Duchess was proving quite equal
to her lesson of the day before, suddenly an apparition of
extraordinary grace and loveliness appeared at the door. Villa Vieja
took on the Grand Duchess and I welcomed the beautiful Polish
Countess and danced with her many waltzes running in spite of a
hint I received that her husband was very jealous and a renowned
duellist. Next day, by telegram from the King, I was told by His
Majesty that Isvolsky, the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, was to
be asked by me to lunch on his arrival that day from St. Petersburg. I
invited him; and just as we sat down to lunch the Polish angel of the
night before came through the door and petrified Isvolsky, and the
more so as she kissed her hand to me. He never took his eyes off
her, and as she walked to her table I heard him breathe a sigh, and
say sotto voce, “Alas, in heaven no woman!” I said to him: “Monsieur
Isvolsky, pray pardon me; perhaps you did not intend it to be heard,
but if it be true what you say, it takes away much of the charm which
I had anticipated finding there.” He turned to me and said—quoting
chapter and verse in the Revelations, “There was silence in heaven.”
So when I met the Grand Duchess Olga again, when I
accompanied King Edward on that memorable visit to Reval—when,
as Prince Orloff, the Emperor’s principal aide-de-camp, said to me,
King Edward changed the atmosphere of Russian feelings towards
England from suspicion to cordial trust—there was quite an
affectionate meeting, and we danced the “Merry Widow” waltz—a
then famous stage performance—with such effect as to make the
Empress of Russia laugh. They told me she had not laughed for two
years. At the banquet preceding the dance the Grand Duchess and I,
I regret to say, made such a disturbance in our mutual jokes that
King Edward called out to me that I must try to remember that it was
not the Midshipmen’s Mess; and my dear Grand Duchess thought I
should be sent to Siberia or somewhere. We sailed at daylight, and I
got a letter from her when I arrived in England saying she had made
a point of seeing Uncle Bertie and that it was all right, I was not
going to be punished. Then she went on to describe that she had
had a very happy day (being her birthday) picnicking in the woods;