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    Algebra of Matrices

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    Algebra of Matrices

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    Algebra of Matrices

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    atrix are : je maT mmetric Matrix are SKEW-sy, | vf a skew-symmetric nm, . & EXA! Recmescse null matrix @) ui) Amats fo » 1p EXAl a esTions (MCaS) . ae mn sax with each entry 7 or 08 x3wi ser of possible matric? ofortn ce EXAMPLE 1 Total num Ai a ie ee aa | (a) 9 "ea ont canbe 2 0r 0i.e. el Ans. (d) 49 elements and e: En ine sere | soLuTiON A 3x 3matrix has man ea SOLUTION, faye Therefore BYUSINBU’ Tg _ yp Hence, total number of matrices is 512, | crs which 9 elements can Be ROSE? is2? = me 004 pxampLe2 Thematrix P=|0 4 olisa 400 (a) scalar matrix () unit matrix agonal matrix (b) diagonal matri: INCERT EXEMPLAR, (a) square matrix Ans. (a) SOLUTION Clearly Pisas 100 EXAMPLES The matrix|0 2 0|ia/an 004 (b) scalar matrix: quare matrix of order 3% 3 (2) identity matrix (c) diagonal matrix (d) none of these Ans. (0) SOLUTION We find that the given matrix is a square matrix whose all non-diagonal elements are zero. So, itis a diagonal matrix. al) 0 EXAMPLES The matrix! 0 -2 0|isa/an 0 0 -4 (a) identity matrix (b) symmetric matrix (c) scalar matrix (A) null matrit ix Ans. (b) SOLUTION Options (a), (c) and (d) , aren ’ matrix is the matrix itself. So, iis gaye find that the transpose of the gi"™ 10 0} FXAMPLES The matrix A=10 2 0|isa/an a 004 (a) identity matrix (b) ae OE EEE EE iri i SOLUTION Clearly, matrix A acer , matrix A is not it i Glagonal elements are not all zero, We ny MAE Ii paler a zero. We find that A = qT. He wot | =A" Hence, Aisa 5) i 1 symmetric matrix. ee as ALGEBRA OF MATRICES 45 apes fA=|> 4 EXA 6 IfA= eee and 2A + Bis a null matrix, then B is equal to one -6 -8 5 (a) b) 2 aS \ ke ‘1 » 3 2 © ti | @ [ es eee) [CBSE 2023] SOLUTION We have, 6 8 0 244+B=O = vs-0=[6 SJeae| oe Qx+y 4x] [7 7y-13 EXAMPLE 7 ila all vg | ten he stu ovis (a) 4 ) 5 () 6 qd) 9 Ans. (b) [NCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION We have, Qx+y 4x] [7 7y-13 5x-7 4x| |y x+6 = 9 -2xty=7,4x=7y-13,5x-7 =y,4x=x46 => x=2,y=3> x+y =5 sin“!(nx) ton (2) cos (nx) an(2) EXAMPLES [fA == Bal , Q then A-B is S sin() ota ery sin"(2) -tan“1(nx) X %. equal to ‘ (a) 1 (b) 0 (© 21 oa pa INCERT EXEMPLAR] sin (x) + cos (nx) ton (5 1 SOLUTION A-B=— 2 7 i a sin“(2)-sin (2) cot“! (mx) + tan} (nx) 7 z at aie Ol fonts ee eee elie ele 2 2 EXapLE9 If Aand Bare Hoo matrices of orders 3x mand 3x >nrespectively, and_m =n, then the order oesees (b) 3x3 (c) mxn (a) 3xn ans INCERT EXEMPLAR] a i The order of5A ~2Bis same as that of A and B.S0,itis of order 3xnasm-=m SOLUTIO! 1e 0 <6 8 IXAMPLEI0. ‘The-matrix A= 90) 90) 421/382) eyed (b) symmetric matrix _(c) skew-symmetric matrix (A) scalar matrix (a) diagonal matrix INCERT Expy, 4 rare ro and all ALG 46 ‘ DeeeAcceal ze other onal elemen’ matrix: a Ans. © tthe diego 1 We find that skews t | SOLUTION We nal? m ze aforder 35004 that oj se eae Pela jis square matrix @ a a symmetric exampiens fA AM . (a) ani tity matrix | (a) askew syrmetrieme (@) a scalar matrix ; ‘Ans. @) € sonuTion We have, j = eal | get landay ic matrix , so, Aisaske-symmetteraN digo of square mn of order nis panne Ten eaten) (gy N42 : a) neve) © nod OReagoms 2 ! 2 ee tof whichn elem f i ‘SOLUTION ‘There are? elementsina square matrix of order? out of ents aie Jeading diagonal. So, the number of elements other than the diagonal elements is (1 ~n), Hay these elementsare above the diagonal and half are below the diagonal. Hence, required nunte of elements is i oF -) + pail) 0 1] a EXAMPLE 13 ral ae is equal to Ure 10 01 Ge . I ‘| : b w o b | © E A Ans. (d) (INCERT EXEMPLAR SOLUTION: Mehave A | al 0 cu Mb EXAMEI LEA Sfmatris A = aj), where ay = 1, ifizj 2 W" 10, igi; then A? is equal to (a) I (b) A Ans, 0 s (a) ) (@) none of these SOLUTION Meters a-('n | 01 INCERT EXEMPLAR, CBSE! M21 ayy +; o> A [See example! EXAMPLES IFA isa mat rx o then onder of matrix ig THe nad Bis @ itr eae such that ABT ie and BT A bothare dif (9) mxn @ nxm ALGEBRA OF MATRICES, 4a7 Ans. (0) : _ INCERT EXEMPLAR! SOLUTION et The Order erasers 2 pe ra eapeve eta ‘ ABT ae a: ii and BA exist = =9 and p=m = Bisofordermun. EXAMPLE 16 If A and If Bare square matrices ofthe same order, then matrix (ABT -BA") isa (a) symmetric matrix ()_ null matrix ‘Ans. (b) SOLUTION We find that (b) skew-symmetric matrix (d) unit matrix INCERT EXEMPLAR] (ABT ~BAT)™ = (Bly)? _(paTyT ri 1 Y= (ABT)! (BATT <(plyT AT (Ty? gl = pat —apl=-(AB? -BAT) AB! —BAT j ‘ isa skew-symmetric matrix, EXAMPLE 17 IfA isa square matrix such that A? =, then(A-1)3 +(A+1)3 7A is equal to (a) A (b) I-A (© 1+A (d) 3A Ans. (a) {NCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION a find that the identity matrix I commutes with matrix A i.e. Al = A =1A (A=1)3 =A3—3A?43A-1 and (A+1)3 =A? 43A243A41 = — (A-1)3+(A+13-7A =243 +6A-7A =2(A2A)+6A-7A =2(IA)+6A-7A =2A+6A-7A=A EXAMPLE 18 For any two matrices A and B, (a) AB=BA (b) AB# BA (9) AB=0 (d) none of these Ans. (b) INCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION Matrix multiplication is not commutative in general. Therefore, AB + BA. 4) 8 EXAMPLE 19 If A and B are skew-symmetric matrices of the same order, then AB is symmetric j (a) AB=O (b) AB=-BA (0) AB=BA (d) BA-O Ans. (c) SOLUTION Given that A and Bare skew-symmetric matrices AT =-Aand B? =-B. {CBSE 2023) Mowe. AB is symmetzic = (AB)! — AB cola Anya AB NG (GA) = aBea BA AE Oa 3 EXAMPLE 20 If the matrix A = 2 b -1|isa skew-symmetric matrix, then a+b +c = cele} (a) 5 (b) 0 (5 (d) none of these Ans. (a) SOLUTION Aisa skew-symmetric matrix. a=-2,b=0 andc=-3=9 atb+e= J Aan : EXAMPLE2 IfA=|2 2 9/8 a symmetric matrix, then x+y +z is equal to 3 -1 3 (a) 10 (b) 6 (8 (ad) 0 os (Cag, 4a ; %y tric matt a) Aisasymmel ane on civen that A oral Beta 0 re (dy Sk SLT yee (Ay -1ey k, a, b are respecti ex and 032], yen the oles of pectioeiy fas -3- ae os 9 (d) ~ 6,12, 18 EXAMPLE 22 er (©) -6-4,— -12, -18 One (@) -6 Ans. (€) - (ON Wehave, 0 3a ae jo j=" ee Al But, KA=!9, 24 a-[3 - a = k=-6,a=-4,b=_9 fo 2k) [90 cal 2k = 3a, 3k =2b, — 4k a> 3k -4k| "2b 24 |, P+Q, where P is symmetric and Q is skew-symmetric matrix, then gs equal to Bens | - “4 0 -5/2 a y E ao © ee 0 ] 2 lig | ee ea) [CBSE 2m = 1 ae SOLUTION uals 4]:thes, P= 214A" and Q=5(A-A’). te e Tent i} Od He ae SHoe 2 Pea ex ie aa EXAMPLE 24 The value of for which the matrix product | 0 101] 0 14 Ofequalsan -21 1 x -4x -2x identity matrix, is (@) 1/2 1/3 Ans. (d) Ot © Wa (4) 1/5 SOLUTION We have, Sapa 100 Oo Clean te 0 O01 > tapes O} =] 9 t0x~2 5] “(9 ; ‘eee. —p ALGEBRA OF MATRICES, 49 ELC tle (a) 7 (b) 8 eo ©9 (d) 6 EXAMPLE 25 Let M be a 3x 3 matrix satisfying 1 0 and, M =|1|= | the sum of the diagonal entries of M, is fl: abe SOLUTION Let M -[: y | ‘Then, Im i Bn cle |e = M{-1[=| 1)=a@-b=1,x-y=1,1-m=-1 = a=0,x=3,1=2 0} [-1) 1 0 and, Mj}1)=| 0) >a+b+c=0,x+y+z=0,l4+m+n=12 => c=1,2=-1,n=7 wy 12 Sum of diagonal elements of M=a+y +n=0+2+7=9 ake “O80: EXAMPLE26 If A=|0 1 0|, then A? is equal to a b-1 (a) a null matrix (b) a unit matrix (oa (dA Ans. (b) SOLUTION We have, ere 0) ee OO) oleae) A2=|0 1 0] [0 1 0}=/0 1 0|= aunitmatrix ai =i) leo —1j) [OO 2 : cosx sine EXAMPLE 27 or what valve of €|, S| earat =the al rz = (0 (@- @ 5 Ora 2 Ans. (b) SOLUTION We have, A+A™ =Y3I cost sinx] [cosx -sinx] [V3 Al = ee wosx|*|sinx cox) (0 VB fesx 0 j3 9 3 reese V3 cose = x-4 | 0 2cosx] [0 V3. [CBSE 2023] — _ 410 pel (d) none of panne If A*|-3 thee (a) #0 ag Ans. (a) cos 29 in 20 areal 22[ 999 cos 20. souurion Weave, A” =|-sin on fl cue rl Abate cos20=t a iste Oe manruny Auer Me eaaaalar 7A see es ae (9) sou (1 « (cBgp, ‘Ans. (a) q \ soLUTION We have, A’ sl AL+AA-3A (+Ay?-3A sre ay tr Ay-38 =H ATA i Gagan eae eee ts. The EKAMPLES0 An nxn mari i formed using 0/1 and —1 as its elements. The number of sy ad ‘matrices which are skew- symmetric, is re nee (Re @ 0 © @-0? @2? Oi al Ans. (4) ¢ SOLUTION All leading diagonal elements of a skew- symmetric are zero. So, skew symmericmatrix A = [of orderrxn, weneed to know the elements a for< q ; @ wnt Bach one of these “—" elements can take three values 0, 1, and — 1. So, the nunte, n(n) x skew-symmetric matrices is3 2 =3 2 . EXAMPLE31 ya-|t | ndB=|1 © - 1 1 |4B=|5 |, Wien the oalue of a for which A? = B, is a) () -1 a ce (4) no real values ] SOLUTION We have, 4 t eel i these two equations are inconsistent, EXAMPLE 32 ras| Y | and( =1 0) (31+ 44) (37 (@) £7 back : a9 a - hen the value(s) of x is/are SOLUTION We have, a-/ pa “a a *Ltg]=a- Op (31+44) (31-44) _ 2 ene il 1 [a 1) “1 0|F| 9 = T= 91 oe TA+12A1 1642 er ee _ ay 10 cll ealae® 2 : ati i|-|5 ;|= o2=1 anda+is ‘i ; lence, there is no value of a satisfying! ALGEBRA OF MATRICES eS, 9I-12A 412A +161 = 42] E Bl ax2t = x2 o>, eae 017 ‘ AMPLES3 If A= EX IFA [ ten 42028 is equal to 01 0 (a) fe o| (b) ( ral ©[o° 2023 0) 0 00 | 0 203 Ans. (c) [CBSE 2023} SOLUTION Wehave, 4-=|9 ! 00 AP = AA =| 1) JO 1)_fo o 9 0} [0 o}=|o a]=0 20; Hence, A7S =(42)1011.4 _o4 6 ASSERTION-REASON BASED MCQs Each of the following examples contains STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason) has following four choices (a i ae ee ), (b), (c) and (d), only one of which is the correct answer. (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2is a correct ‘explanation for Statement-1. (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-? is not a correct explanation for Statement-1, (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. 200 200 xa 0 0 EXAMPLE 34 Statement-1 (A): IfP=|0 y O|andQ=|0 b O|,thePQ=|0 yb 0|. 00z Ome; OO za) Statement-2 (R): The product of two diagonal matrices of the same order is a diagonal matrix of that order whose diagonal elements are the products of corresponding diagonal elements of the given matrices. Ans. (a) ae Te A = diag (a, ay 43 ...d,) and B=diag (b; by bg ...b,) are two diagonal matrices, then AB = diag (ay By, ay by, 3b, .-+ Oy bn) So, statement-2 is correct. Using statement-2, we obtain PQ = diag (xa yb 2c). So, statement-1 is also correct and statement-2.is a correct explanation for statement-1. Hence, option (a) is correct. 3 2 4-2 FHF oy _ yD EXAMPLE 35 Statement-1 (A): If A GG sloue-[5 3) then A B= BA Statement-2(R): IfA and Bare two square: ‘matrices such that AB = BA, then A"B = BA". Ans. (a) SOLUTION If AB= aor [Pre-multiplying by A] A(AB) =A ( [: AB=BA] = (AA) B=(AB) A = A7B=(BA) A t_” = 4n 2 matical induct, enadeeaes rincipe of mathe a at p=B(AA) pat (using the P’ > atp=Bd » shown that 4 similarly, it can bes ir, statement-2, by using ” We Ohta coysaterent 25 Tereore BY oy [4 ~<], then = 3 2 e ; pas a]! Bal 4 and statement? 6 a correct explanation & J ue is tn 142023, So, statement A223 B= 8, ee Rect Peele statement-1 Hence, option (a) iS eee yoeeL a EXAMPLES statement-1 (A): fA isa square em syiais Statement-2(R): If A isan” nmatrix, ae (Gee theory in class XII book). Since AI = A =IA. Therefore = SOLUTION Statement-2 is correct : a (sary LGA er Abaaae Cy A Using this result, we obtain ren tal (eaj-3A= 142A A? 94H 1+2A41-3A=2 a So, statement-1 is not correct. Hence, option () is correct. ; oa 2 @ i Te EXAMPLE 37 Statement-1(A): fA=|3 -1 S|andB=|2 3 4), then B AB is a symmeig 15 4 Ib 6 matrix. Statement-2(R): The matrix B" A Bis symmetric, if A is a symmetric matrix. Ans. (a) SOLUTION Statement-2, being a standard result, is true. We find that AT =A, so Aisa symmetric matrix. Therefore, by using statement-2, statement-1 is also true. Thus both the statements are true and statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1. FXAMPLESS Statement-1(A): If A is.a symmetric matrix, then A? is a skew-symmetric matrix. Statement-2 (R): If A isa skew-symmetric matrix, then A2 mmetric mal ; then A’ 2 is a sy rit. 3 EXAMPLE 39 Siatement—1 (A): Let A =| 1 35 Jand B= 1 i i 7 oe A~A®™. Then, B02 is a symmetrt matrix, Statement-2.(R); 2021 . Ans. (b) '8 skew-symmetric, ===, ALGE SOLU even sym matt state EXA ALGEBRA OF MATRICES 443 SOLUTION If A is a square matrix, then B=A~—AT is a skew-symmetric matrix. All positive even see pees of a skew-symmetric matrix are symmetric matrices. Therefore, B”? is a symmet * Sor Statement-1s true. All positive odd integral powers of a skew-symmetric matrices. Therefore, 59% is a skew-symmetric matrix. So, not a correct explanation for statement-1 PLB 40) Statemiert—1/(A)) Tet A and’ be fi symmetric matrices of order 3 A(BA) and (AB) A are symmetric matrices. Statement-2 (R): AB is symmetric matrix if matrix multiplication of A and B is commutative. EXAMI Ans. (b) SOLUTION We have, (ABA) =(Ba)T AT =(AT BT) AT =(AB) A=A(BA) and, (AB) A)" = AT (AB) = AT (BT AT) - A (BA) =(AB)A (BA) and (AB) A are symmetric matrices. So, statement-1 is true. If matrix multiplication of A and Bis commutative. Then, AB = BA. (AB)" =BT AT =BA =AB = ABis symmetric matrix. So, statement-? is true. But, it isnot a correct explanation for statement-1. CASE STUDY BASED EXAMPLES EXAMPLE41 A manufacturer produces three stationery products Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener which he sells in two markets, Annual sales are indicated below: ie MEW DELHI STATIONERY MART = oe eee a STATIONERS — Prunctmes ro is Mier Products (in numbers) a: Pencil Eraser Sharpener A 10,000 2,000 18,000 B 6,000 20,000 8,000 ively, and unit i i 1 Sharpener are% 2.50, 1.50 and 1.00 respectively, Ith nit sate priceof Pen Eraser and Sharpens ae 280 21D and 100 ities are & 2.00, cost of the above three commodities are [CBSE Question Bank] 40,600 aust d) , an . sue opmarkel ATS (0 £460 o (Total reve ai core a a 000, ; a unl of market BAS tt a 50,300 (iy Total recen be o) a) © 38,000 r ile 4 : Cost incurred it market A is ‘i ig e103 . «30 (£301 ne % 30,500 sarket Bis A 6 ‘ 7 iv) Cost incurred it vo (a) £31,000 ©) = nae | cand B respect ea (v) Profits in wee 5 (@ 17,000,£15,000) (0) (51,000, 71 ) (a) can 7 @) (& 15,000, © 17,0 | 7 ets is (vi) Gross profit int both mar} sips 3a - sive (a) % 23,000 0) a ‘otal revenue for market A=®110,000 2,000 18,000] ; ist ! 00 SOLUTION (i) Ans. (0): T =F (10,000 2.50 + 2,000 x 150 +18,000x 10) =% 46,000 250 (ii) Ans. (®): Total revenue for market B = % [6,000 20,000 8,000] | 150 1.00 (6,000x 2.50 + 20,000 x 1.50 + 8,000 x 1.00) =753,000 (ii) Ans. (A): Cost incurred in market A = (10,000 2,000 18,000] | 1.00 050 =F (10,000 2.00 + 2,000 x 1.00 + 18,000 050) = 31,000 (iv) Ans. (c): Cost incurred in market B= [6,000 an 20,000 8,000) | 1.00 050 =2(6,000x 2.00 = 36,000 *20,000% 1.00 + 8,000 050) Revenue Tg g tal = (46,000 +53,000) Cost ae (31,000 +. 36,000) = & 32,000 hl a a ce ALGEBRA OF MATRICES 415 EXAMPLE 42 Amit, Biraj a Band C are the matrices nT aoe the task of creating square matrices of order 2 » 2. If A ee , Biraj and Chirag respectively as given below: Aq| gh 2 -| ) a betel as) wy) Then, by using the above information answer the follow ! Hing: (i) (AB) is equal to | | 615 ©) 1 10 6 10 “(4 e115: (i) (AT)Tis equal to Cael 10 15 ] Te) ( [ | oa a0 A ot ee “ I ° a | o ie :} (iii) (4A) is equal to oa) neH a oa) ob ef] ofa (iv) AC -BCis equal to eae) re a, oo (a) ey Al | A f,| © (e ‘] (d) le 4 (¥) (AB) Cis equal to 12. -20 13. -30 2 3 2-20 SOF" py ga ka fi; wn sh SOLUTION (i) Ans. wean alk sts wo aT=[3 a -[% q| 2 ish 1 (i) Ans. (a): (AT)T =A 4 Last fe (iii) Ans. (b): (4A)? =4a7 +; as i 1 2] [4 0))[2 0 (iv) Ans. (©): ac-ac=(4-Be-(| 4 als af S| ae24 poet? Ol Recewa ENMOH| aoe? 0nd aft’ 4 clara a [; ie 2} [1 -2|7|[-4-2 o+4]"[-6 4 1 2] [4 0] _[ 442 o+10]_[ 6 10 ee ae-[ i [: ee 0415)" [-1 15 12+10 0-20 =2+15 0-30 2 ha 6 10 -1 15, JE a] Ea oa EXAMPLE 43 Three schools DPS, C helping the flood victims. They sold handi % 25, & 100 and & 50 respectively. The nur canyc=| ber of articles sold are 22-20 © [13° -30. VC and KV decided to organize a fair for collecting money for made fans, mats and plates from recycled material ata cost of given as ALGE Gi) Te panatt aes ace SCHO! (ii es CNTY fo Fig. 4.2 School/Article DPs cve kvc Handmade fans 40 25 35 Mats: 50. 40 50 Plates 20 30 a Based on the information given above, answer the following questions: () Total money (in) collected by school DPS is (a) 700 (©) &7,000 (2) 6,125 (4) &7,875 (i) Total amount of money (in %) collected by school CVC. and KVS is (=) €14,000 (b) %15,725 (©) %21,000 (a) & 13,125 (ii) Total amount of money collected by al three schools DS, CVC and KVS is (@) 215,775 (©) %14000 (©) 821,000 (@) %17,125 (iv) Ifthe number of handmade Fans and plates are ink : cies rchanged for all the schools, then the total mo (a) 718,000 (b) %&, 750 (v) Total number of articies ld ACL85,000 (@) %21,250 ae Sold by thre schools ig SOLUTION (i) Ans, ¢y, eg (i) Ans, b); Total money col} (@) 330 ti ALGEBRA OF MATRICES 4a7 [25 =@ (40 50 a =F (40 x 25 +50x 100 +2050) =% 7,000 50 (ii) Ans. (a): Amount of money collected by schools CVC and KVS is given by : 25 rs le eel ] EVE f25%25 440x100 + 90x50] _CVC [6125] 5 50 40] ail KVS [25 95.+50% 100-4050 | xvs {7875 | Total amount of money collected by CVC and KVS = (6,125 + 7,875) = % 14,000. (iii) Ans. (c): Total amount of money collected by all three schools DPS, CVC and KVS = (7,000 + 6,125 + 7,875) = © 21,000. (iv) Ans. (@): After interchanging the number of handmade fans and plates, we obtain the following matrix: DPS CVC KVS Handmade fans [ 20 30 40 Q = Mats 50 40 50 Plates Ome SS Amount of money collected by three schools is given by Handmade fans Mats Plates DPS 20 50 40 |] 25) Handmade fan cvc 30 40 25 ‘| \100)| Mat Kvs 40 50 35 || 50 | Plate DPS [20x 25+50%100+ 40x50 | DPS |7,500 = CVC) 30x 25+ 40% 100+ 25x50 |=CVC| 6,000 KVS| 40x 25+50x 100+ 3550 KVS|7,750 é Total amount =& (7,500 + 6,000 + 7,750) = & 21,250, {@) Ans, (a); Total number of articles sold by three schools = (20+30+40) + (60+40+50) * (40 +25 + 35) = (90 + 140 + 100) = 330 Handmade fans Mats Plates (b) aunit matrix (c) -A (a) a null matrix pera fi ©) 4 €N, then AM” equals i of J oleate © (eae | ———————— eH Ay , then B? is equal to _Aand BA= | oe ceo suc tat! (a) 0 ee aa a then and Bare wom Perec) 2 ©) Fond pares Band A? =A 44. 1s (a) 2B, where 4. fanaa nd BA SD he ¢ Bless ; = a ae . oe A, then A? + Bis «© eae d BA = equal fy Ate BB ae spat AB=B 2 p ce ; oe 5, fAand Bare two matt oa () At A i ) (@) 2B ; itive integral val F a cos 2% - sin a) i eee gral value of kg i 8 eae 6. If Qn 2n| | eae “al i ao ; (@) 3 Ce i a ifthe matrix ABis anu male pc OA. 0mm (a) Itisnot necessary that either FE ce tare ontenen e (9 A =OandB =O [a 0 a : 8. leaals a a 004 19. #9 o| a0 0 g@ 9 O ae @o 0 (eo) (amez ano) [nec gcse) |) TO ema oe eet 00 # 0 0 1 dl 9, fA and Bare square matrices of the same order, then (A+B) (A—B) is equal to (a) A?-B? (b) A2-BA-AB-B? (c) A? -B? + BA—AB (d) A? -BA+B¢s4 (NCERT EXEMPLA oF O 0] (tr g2h ae 10. IfA=(0 n i. by by 63 |, then ABis equal to On 4 Cy @ 8 (b) mB oR eat ae 1a 11. IfA -[ i} then A" (wheren €N) equals 1 ona @) aera () fs 1 fi a i i Oh a ol yl [ieee 1 2. FA=|0 19 ils, ce B 01 pote Olena ae O On Ts, then x + y equals (a (b) ~1 13. IfA a a of 1 (2 6 ve sp | and(4 + 5)? 42 ) none of these =A2 4 R2 @ertoa — @yg +BY, then values of a and b are Son EO ie ye ee Nee ALGEBRA OF MATRICES B 4.19 CO 14. ra-[f aa such that A? = 1, then (a) 1+07+fy=0 ee ~ a + py= (c) 1-0? -By=0 : a (a) 1+0%py =0 [NCERT} 45. If $=[5j] is a scalar matrix AS=SA =? such that s;; = k and A is a square matrix of the same order, then k @ A Corea ae ee 16, If Ais a square matrix such that A? = A, then(I +A)? -7A is equal to (a) A (b) I-A ol d) 3A [NCERT] 17, Ifa matrix A is both symmetric and skew-symmetric, then : (a) Aisa diagonal matrix ‘ (©) Aisascalarmatrix (b) A isa zero matrix Paar (d) Aisa square matrix (NCERT] -7) 48. Thematrix|-5 0 11|is 7-1 0 (a) a skew-symmetric matrix (b) a symmetric matrix () a diagonal matrix (a) an upper triangular matrix 19, If A is a square matrix, then AA is a (a) skew-symmetric matrix (b) symmetric matrix (©) diagonal matrix (d) none of these 20. If A and Bare symmetric matrices, then ABA is (a) symmetric matrix (b) skew-symmetric matrix (©) diagonal matrix (a) scalar matrix ices xn ok walt lent =Al, then @) x=0,y=5 () x+y-5 (9) x=¥ (a) none of these [CBSE 2023] 22, If Ais 3x 4 matrix and B ig a matrix such that A’ Band BA! are both defined. Then, Bis of the type (a) 3x4 (b) 3x3 (c) 4x4 (a) 4x3 en order such that aj =~ 7°, then 23, If A =[qj]is a square matrix of ev (a) Aisa skew-symmetric matrix and| A|=0 (b) A is symmetric matrix and| A|is a square (©) Ais symmetric matrix and| A\=0 (a) none of these. cos 0) Sei Cll nrendAeeAtE ie a 0A = (5 sal x @ o=nn,neZ () 8 = (net) 5 mez (© e= Inns mez (d) none of these OE EE [ALGEBRA OF MATRICES 35. 36. 37. 3 39. 40. 8 a. 43. 45. 424 eas HA=| 9.3 42|}8@ symmetric matrix, then x = (a) 3 &) 5 (2 (d) 4 * ey. 1 ule, elt :} ee @) -1 (b) 0 () 1 (d) 2 cael IfA= (; | such that A? = Ip , then the value of xis (a) 1 (b) 2 3 (d) 0 . Matrix theory was introduced by (a) Newton (b) Cayley-Hamilton (c) Cauchy — (d)_ Euclid If A and B are two matrices such that A +B and AB are both defined, then (a) Aand Bare not necessarily of the same order. (b) Aand Bare square matrices of the same order. (c) Number of columns of A = Number of rows of B (d) none of these ah gi[x ‘The order of the matrix[x y 2]|h b f||y|is gf cll (a) 3x1 (b) 1x1 (©) 1x3 (d) 3x3 1A ae Jena? =O, then x= (a) 0 (b) #1 () -1 (d) 1 Jém, nare natural numbers such that fmt} i =[25] and m

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