Professional Documents
Culture Documents
专题——非谓语动词
专题——非谓语动词
一、定义
不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限
制,无时态与语态变化,又称非限定性动词。
二、形式
1. 动词不定式(to do sth. )
2. 动名词(v. -ing)
现在分词(v. -ing)
3. 分词
过去分词(v. -ed或不规则变化)
考点一 动词不定式
动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补
足语,我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的
用法。 主谓宾 主系表 定状补
功能 例句 说明
宾语 在make,let,see,hear,
She asked me to speak English.
补足 watch等使役动词后,不定式
她要求我说英语。 省略to
语
我不能决定该买哪一件。(作宾语)
什么时候开始还没有被讨论。(作主语)
【温馨提示】
(1)help后接不定式时可以省略to;
上述动词变为被动语态后,其后的不定式必须补上“to”。
①Tom helped his brother (to) learn to swim.
汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。
我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。
以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。
考点二 动名词
动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
功能 例句 说明
想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)
后接动词-ing
爷爷不停地讲笑话,我忍不住笑了。
【温馨提示】
部分动词既可接动名词作宾语,又可接不定式作宾语,两者意
义区别较大。
1. 分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-
ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”,但也有
不规则的形式。
2. 分词的句法功能
功能 例句 说明
现在分词作补足语, 被修
①Don’t keep me waiting for a long time. 饰的宾语或主语是它的逻
补
别让我等很长时间。 辑主语(即主动关系);
足
②I had my hair cut last night. 过去分词作补足语,被修
语 饰的宾语或主语是它的逻
昨天晚上我理发了。
辑宾语(即被动关系)
一、短文填空
Have you ever been cycling (骑自行车运动)? This spring my elder brother
and I____ (spend) a long weekend cycling in the countryside. We rode _______
(slow) along because we hadn't come to break any speed records, or to do sports.
We just wanted ____ (get) some fresh air and a break from schoolwork. We
really had a great time______(ride) along country roads. And there was one of
the best things about our trip that made us happy: every few ____ (kilometer)
there was a village where we could find everything we needed.
All the local people were really friendly. However, on the____ (two) day,
something happened. We were going down the hill when my brakes (剎车)
started making a_____(noisy), but I didn't mind at all. At midnight we were
woken by the noise in the hotel. We were tired when we set off the next morning,
but soon felt____ (cheer) when the sun came out.
What we enjoyed____ (our) most about cycling is — it's simple and fun. I
think nothing is____ (good) than cycling if you're looking for a break that is
active and cheap. Why not have a try?
spent slowly to get riding kilometers second noise
cheerful ourselves better
【解析】本文讲述了作者和弟弟周未骑自行车运动去农村的经过。1. 句意:今年春天我和弟
弟在乡下骑自行车,度过一个长长的周末。根据下文的句子 We rode slowly along because we
hadn't come to… 可知用一般过去时。故填 spent。2. 句意:我们沿着这条路慢慢地骑着。空格
处修饰动词 rode,用 slow 的副词形式。故填 slowly。3. 句意:我们仅仅想呼吸新鲜空气,而
且想要在繁重的课业中放松一会。want to do sth. 想去做某事。故填 to get。4. 句意:我们在
乡下度过了一段美好的时光。have a great time doing sth. 高兴做某事,固定搭配。故填 riding。
5. 句意:每隔几公里,就有一个村庄,我们可以找到我们需要的一切。every few 后用可数名
词复数形式。故填 kilometers。6. 句意:然而,第二天,发生了一些事情。定冠词 the 后用序
数词,the second day 第二天。故填 second。7. 句意:我们下山时,我的刹车发出刺耳的噪声,
但我并不介意。make a noise 发出声响,固定搭配。故填 noise。8. 句意:第二天早晨出发时,
我们感到很累,但太阳一
出来,我们很快就感到高兴起来。feel 是系动词,应用形容词作表语。故填 cheerful。9. 句意:
我们最喜欢骑自行车是因为它简单有趣。enjoy oneself 玩得高兴或痛快。故填 ourselves。10.
句意:如果你正在寻找一个活跃又便宜的休息方式,我认为没有什么比骑自行车更好了。根
据 than 可知用 good 的比较级 better。故填 better。