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非谓语动词

一、定义

不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限
制,无时态与语态变化,又称非限定性动词。

二、形式

1. 动词不定式(to do sth. )

2. 动名词(v. -ing)
现在分词(v. -ing)
3. 分词
过去分词(v. -ed或不规则变化)
考点一 动词不定式

动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补
足语,我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的
用法。 主谓宾 主系表 定状补

功能 例句 说明

To swim here is dangerous. 动词不定式作主语时常可


主语
在这儿游泳是危险的。 转化为用it作形式主语

My job is to look after my sister. 多数情况下,动词不定式


表语
我的工作是照看我妹妹。 作表语,可转换为作主语
功能 例句 说明

I want to be an actor. 只能作某些动词的宾语,一


宾语
我想成为一名演员。 般不作介词的宾语

宾语 在make,let,see,hear,
She asked me to speak English.
补足 watch等使役动词后,不定式
她要求我说英语。 省略to

Do you have anything to say? 你 不定式作定语,要放在所修


定语
有要说的吗? 饰词的后面

I come here to see you. 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语


状语
我来这里是为了见你。 要和句子的主语一致
此外,不定式可以与疑问词连用, 用作主语、宾语、表语等。

①I can’t decide which one to buy.

我不能决定该买哪一件。(作宾语)

②When to start hasn’t been discussed.

什么时候开始还没有被讨论。(作主语)
【温馨提示】

(1)help后接不定式时可以省略to;

(2)有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to:feel, hear, see, watch,


notice, let, make, have(简记为一感一听三看三让)。

上述动词变为被动语态后,其后的不定式必须补上“to”。
①Tom helped his brother (to) learn to swim.

汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。

变为被动语态:His brother was helped to learn to swim by


Tom.

②We often hear Jack sing English songs.

我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。

变为被动语态:Jack is often heard to sing English songs.


【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词

决心学会有希望(decide, determine, learn, wish, hope),

同意计划莫假装(agree, plan, pretend),

胆敢拒绝会失败(dare, refuse, fail),

准备设法来帮忙(prepare, try, manage, help),

提供请求负担起(offer, beg, demand, afford),

答应安排理应当(promise, arrange, be supposed),

以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。
考点二 动名词

动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

功能 例句 说明

Eating too much is bad for your health.


主语 谓语动词用单数
吃太多对你的健康有害处。

I like playing basketball very much. 我非常


喜欢打篮球。
宾语 表示习惯性的动作
Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是
用来寄信的。
功能 例句 说明

His hobby is collecting stamps. 他 多数情况下可转换为动名


表语
的爱好是集邮。 词作主语

Bill is in the reading room. 只表明它所修饰的词的用


定语
比尔在阅览室里。 途、所属关系等
【巧学妙记】喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)

盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)

想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)

忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)

后接动词-ing

My grandfather kept telling jokes and I couldn’t help laughing.

爷爷不停地讲笑话,我忍不住笑了。
【温馨提示】

部分动词既可接动名词作宾语,又可接不定式作宾语,两者意
义区别较大。

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)

forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事

forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事(未做)

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事


need doing sth. 需要做某事(被动含义)

need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)

try doing sth. 尝试做某事

try to do sth. 尽力做某事

hear/see sb. doing sth. 听见/看见某人正在做某事

hear/see sb. do sth. 听见/看见某人做了某事


考点三 分词

1. 分词的构成

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-
ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”,但也有
不规则的形式。
2. 分词的句法功能

功能 例句 说明

①Do you know the boy playing football? 现在分词作定语,其逻


你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗? 辑主语就是所修饰的词;
定语
②Please hand in your written exercise. 请 过去分词作定语,其逻
交上你的笔试练习。 辑宾语是它所修饰的词

①The students went out of the classroom,


talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出
了教室。 分词的逻辑主语是句子
状语
②Seen from the hill, our school looks more 的主语
beautiful. 从小山上看,我们的学校显得
更美丽了。
功能 例句 说明

①The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴


奋。 现在分词表示主语的性质、
表语 特征;过去分词表示某种
②I’m interested in the book.
状态
我对这本书感兴趣。

现在分词作补足语, 被修
①Don’t keep me waiting for a long time. 饰的宾语或主语是它的逻

别让我等很长时间。 辑主语(即主动关系);

②I had my hair cut last night. 过去分词作补足语,被修
语 饰的宾语或主语是它的逻
昨天晚上我理发了。
辑宾语(即被动关系)
一、短文填空
Have you ever been cycling (骑自行车运动)? This spring my elder brother
and I____ (spend) a long weekend cycling in the countryside. We rode _______
(slow) along because we hadn't come to break any speed records, or to do sports.
We just wanted ____ (get) some fresh air and a break from schoolwork. We
really had a great time______(ride) along country roads. And there was one of
the best things about our trip that made us happy: every few ____ (kilometer)
there was a village where we could find everything we needed.
All the local people were really friendly. However, on the____ (two) day,
something happened. We were going down the hill when my brakes (剎车)
started making a_____(noisy), but I didn't mind at all. At midnight we were
woken by the noise in the hotel. We were tired when we set off the next morning,
but soon felt____ (cheer) when the sun came out.
What we enjoyed____ (our) most about cycling is — it's simple and fun. I
think nothing is____ (good) than cycling if you're looking for a break that is
active and cheap. Why not have a try?
spent slowly to get riding kilometers second noise
cheerful ourselves better

【解析】本文讲述了作者和弟弟周未骑自行车运动去农村的经过。1. 句意:今年春天我和弟
弟在乡下骑自行车,度过一个长长的周末。根据下文的句子 We rode slowly along because we
hadn't come to… 可知用一般过去时。故填 spent。2. 句意:我们沿着这条路慢慢地骑着。空格
处修饰动词 rode,用 slow 的副词形式。故填 slowly。3. 句意:我们仅仅想呼吸新鲜空气,而
且想要在繁重的课业中放松一会。want to do sth. 想去做某事。故填 to get。4. 句意:我们在
乡下度过了一段美好的时光。have a great time doing sth. 高兴做某事,固定搭配。故填 riding。
5. 句意:每隔几公里,就有一个村庄,我们可以找到我们需要的一切。every few 后用可数名
词复数形式。故填 kilometers。6. 句意:然而,第二天,发生了一些事情。定冠词 the 后用序
数词,the second day 第二天。故填 second。7. 句意:我们下山时,我的刹车发出刺耳的噪声,
但我并不介意。make a noise 发出声响,固定搭配。故填 noise。8. 句意:第二天早晨出发时,
我们感到很累,但太阳一
出来,我们很快就感到高兴起来。feel 是系动词,应用形容词作表语。故填 cheerful。9. 句意:
我们最喜欢骑自行车是因为它简单有趣。enjoy oneself 玩得高兴或痛快。故填 ourselves。10.
句意:如果你正在寻找一个活跃又便宜的休息方式,我认为没有什么比骑自行车更好了。根
据 than 可知用 good 的比较级 better。故填 better。

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