CENTRALIZED EXAMINATIONS REVEWER

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION
1. Probation – a disposition whereby a defendant after conviction and sentence is released
subject to conditions imposed by the trial court and to the supervision of a probation
officer.
2. Petitioner – a convicted defendant who files an application for probation/parole and any
executive clemencies.
3. Probationer – a person who is placed under probation.
4. Probation Officer – one who investigates for the trial court a referral for probation or
supervises a probationer or does both functions and performs other necessary and related
duties and functions as directed.
5. Probation Order – an order of the trial granting probation.
6. Post Sentence Investigation – if the trial court finds that the application is in due form
and the applicant appears to be qualified for the grant of probation it shall order the city
or provincial parole and probation office within its jurisdiction.
7. 60 days from receipt of the order – the probation officer shall submit the PSIR to the
trial court within
8. Judicial Function – the denial or grant of probation
9. Recommendatory in Nature – the entire PSIR submitted to the trial court is
10. Privilege – as a general rule probation is a matter of privilege
11. PPA – is an agency of the Philippine government under the DOJ responsible for
providing a less costly alternative to imprisonment of first time offenders who are likely
to respond to individualized community based treatment program.
12. PD 968 – otherwise known as the Probation law of 1976
13. John Augustus – Father of Probation, first true probation officer.
14. Parole – ‘parol’ word of honor
15. Warden – the officer in charge of the Provincial, City, Municipal or District Jail.
16. Parole – it refers to the conditional release of an offender from a correctional institution
after he has served the minimum of his prison sentence.
17. Reprieve – deferment of the implementation of the sentence for an interval of time; it
does not annul the sentence but merely postpones or suspends its execution.
18. Commutation of Sentence- it refers to the reduction of the duration of a prison sentence
of a prisoner.
19. Conditional Pardon – the exemption of an individual within certain limits or conditions
from the punishment which the law inflicts for the offense he had committed resulting in
the partial extinction of his criminal liability.
20. Absolute Pardon – total extinction of criminal liability.
21. Parolee- prisoner who is released on parole.
22. Client – parolee or pardonee who is placed under supervision of a probation officer.
23. Progress Report – report submitted by the PP officer on the conduct of parolee/pardonee
while under supervision.
24. Amnesty – it commonly denotes the general pardon to rebels for their treason and other
high political offenses.
25. Act No. 4221 – probation act of 1935
26. People vs. Vera – act no. 4221 was challenged and declared unconstitutional in this case.
27. PSIR – indispensable requisite for the grant of Probation
28. Positivist – theory underlying probation
29. Massachusetts – first probation law was passed on US especially in this state.
30. Trial Court – has the power to grant of probation.
31. PPA – under DOJ
32. Liberal – how probation laws are construed
33. Grave Abuse of Discretion – the denial of probation is discretionary and the decision of
the trial court is binding and not appealable. In what instance wherein the denial may be
questioned.
34. Certiorari- the proper remedy in case there is a ground to question the grant or denial of
probation.
35. Recognizance – direct ancestor of probation.
36. Once- probation may be granted
37. Corrections- charge with rehabilitation and reformation of convicted offenders.
38. Prabation – probare, to prove and test
39. Amnesty- blanket pardon
40. US – probation was first legally established.
41. Transportation- forerunner of probation originated and developed in England, first as
principal method of ridding the country of criminals and a way of supplying new colonies
with cheap labor.
42. Trial Court- application for probation be filed
43. Shock Probation – Split Sentencing
44. Secretary of DOJ – chairman of the board
45. Absconding Probationer- refers to a person whose probation is granted but failed to
report for supervision or fails to continue reporting for supervision or whose whereabouts
are unknown for a reasonable period of time.
46. Trial Judge- has the power to grant, deny, modify, revoke and terminate probation.
47. Treason- disqualification for parole
48. Reprieve- temporary suspension of the execution of sentence
49. EO 292 – renamed PA to PPA
50. 6 years – term for length of members of BPP
CLJ -4 REVISED PENAL CODE BOOK 2
1. Incestuous Rape – rape committed by an ascendant of the offended woman.
2. Trespass to property – is the crime committed when the offender enters the closed
premises or fence, estate of another while either of them are uninhabited if the prohibition
to enter be manifest and the trespasser has not secured permission of the owner or the
caretaker thereof.
3. Grave threats – is the crime committed by any person who shall threaten another with
the infliction the person, honor or property of the latter or of his family or any wrong
amounting to a crime.
4. Serious Physical Injuries – type of Physical Injuries committed when the injured person
becomes insane, imbecile, impotent or blind in consequence of the physical injuries
inflicted.
5. Arson – malicious destruction of real property by means of fire.
6. Kidnapping – crime committed in which it has for its essence the restriction or
deprivation of the victim’s liberty or that he was transported away against his will with
the primary or original intent to affect that restraint.
7. Ransom – money, price or consideration paid or demanded for the redemption of a
kidnapped or captured person that would release from captivity.
8. Grave Coercion – is the crime committed by any person who without authority of law
shall by means of violence prevent another from doing something not prohibited by law
or compel him to do something against his will, whether it may be right or wrong.
9. Forcible Abduction – crime committed if the woman is transported from one place to
another by virtue of restraining her of her liberty and the act is coupled of lewd design.
10. Serious Illegal Detention - without any lewd designs.
11. Unlawful Arrest – is committed by any person who in any case other than those
authorized by law or without reasonable ground therefore shall arrest or detain another
for the purpose of delivering to the proper authorities.
12. Trespass to Dwelling – is the crime committed by any person who shall enter the
dwelling of another against the latter’s will.
13. Less Serious Physical Injuries – the type of physical injuries committed where the
offended party is incapacitated for labor for 10 days or more than 30 days or require
medical attendance for the same period.
14. Sexual Assault – is the type of rape committed under the new rape law where the penis is
inserted into the anal orifice or where an instrument or object is inserted to the genital or
oral orifice.
15. Light Threats – is the crime committed by any person who shall threaten another with
the infliction upon the person, honor or property of the latter or of his family or any
wrong not constituting a crime.
16. Light Coercion – is the crime committed by any person who by means of violence shall
seize anything belonging to his debtor for the purpose of applying the same to the
payment debt.
17. Robbery – with intent to gain shall take any personal property belonging to another by
means of violence against or intimidation of any person or by using force upon anything.
18. Brigandage – committed by more than 3 armed persons formed a band of robbers for the
purpose of committing robbery in the highway or kidnapping for the purpose of extortion
or to obtain ransom or for any other purpose to be attained by means of force and
violence.
19. Theft – is committed by any person who with intent to gain but without violence against
or intimidation of person nor force upon anything shall take personal property of another
without the latter’s consent.
20. Carnapping – is defined as the taking with intent to gain of a motor vehicle belonging to
another without the latter’s consent or by means of violence against or intimidation of
person or using force upon things.
21. Cattle Rustling- is the taking away by any means method or scheme without the consent
of the owner of large cattle that is cow, horse, carabao, mule…
22. Malicious Mischief – not falling within the terms in the commission of arson.
23. Usurpation of real rights in property – is committed by any person who by means of
violence against and intimidation of persons shall take possession of any real property.
24. Fraudulent Insolvency – abscond with his property to the prejudice of his creditors
25. Swindling/Estafa – shall defraud another by any means of unfaithfulness or abuse of
confidence, false pretenses, or fraudulent acts executed prior to or simultaneously with
the commission of the fraud or by any other fraudulent means.
26. Public Officer – any person who, by direct provision of the law, popular election or
appointment by competent authority, shall take part in the performance of public
functions in the Government of the Philippines.
27. Nonfeasance - when a public officer willfully refrains or refuses to perform an official
duty which his office requires him to perform.
28. Direct Bribery – is the crime committed when the public officer will do an act which
may or may not constitute a crime or refrain from doing what he do in consideration of
what he will receive.
29. Indirect Bribery – is the crime committed by the public officer who receives gift,
present, offer or promise, who does not have to do anything in consideration of what he
receives but the gift, offer or present is given by reason of his office.
30. Qualified Bribery – is the briber committed by a law enforcement officer who refrains
from arresting or prosecuting an offender who commits an offense penalized with
reclusion perpetua to death.
31. Corruption of Public Officials – is the crime committed by the offender who is the
giver of the gift or the offeror of the promise in the crime of bribery.
32. Malversation of Public Funds and Property – is committed by any public officer who
by reason of the duties of his office is accountable of public funds or property shall
appropriate the same or shall take or misappropriate or shall consent or shall permit any
person to take public funds or property wholly or partially.
33. Malversation of Property – is committed by a public officer who by reason of his office
is accountable of public property shall appropriate the same or shall take or
misappropriate or shall consent or shall permit any person to take such public property
wholly or partially.
34. Malversation – is committed by any public officer who shall apply any public fund or
property under his administration to any public use other than for which such fund or
property were appropriated by law.
35. Conniving with or consenting to Evasion – is committed by a public officer who shall
consent to the escape of a prisoner in his custody or charge.
36. Infidelity in the custody of prisoners – is committed by a public officer who because of
his definite laxity amounting to non-performance of duty, a prisoner in his custody or
charged escaped.
37. Can a woman commit the crime of rape? – Yes, through sexual assault
38. What is the legal consequence of the crime of rape becoming a crime against person
rather than a crime against chastity, particularly a private crime? – Institution of
criminal action will proceed even without complaint of the offended party.
39. Incestuous Rape – rape committed by an ascendant of the offended woman.
40. Statutory Rape – refers to rape committed against a child below 16 years old, even with
the consent of the said child.
41. Forcible abduction – coupled with lewd design.
42. Unlawful Arrest – is committed by any person who in any case other than those
authorized by law, or without reasonable ground therefor, shall arrest or detain for the
purpose of delivering him to the proper authorities.
43. Trespass to Dwelling – is the crime committed by any person who shall enter the
dwelling of another against the latter’s will.
44. Trespass to Property – is the crime committed when the offender enters the closed
premises or fenced estate of another, while either of them are uninhabited, if the
prohibition to enter be manifest and the trespasser has not secured permission of the
owner or the caretaker thereof.
45. Maltreatment of Prisoners – is the crime committed by a public officer or employee
who shall overdo himself in the correction or handling of a prisoner under his charge, by
the imposition of punishment not authorized by the regulations or by inflicting such
punishment in a cruel and humiliating manner.
46. Giving assistance to suicide – is committed by any person who assists another to
commit suicide to the extent of doing the killing himself.
47. Parricide – is the crime committed by any person who shall kill his father, mother or
child, whether legitimate or illegitimate or any of his ascendants or descendants or his
spouse.
48. Death under exceptional circumstance – is a situation where a legally married person
who having surprised his spouse in the act of sexual intercourse with another, shall kill
any or both of them in the act or immediately thereafter.
49. Murder – is committed by killing another which is not parricide, not infanticide and
provided that it is attendant by qualifying aggravating circumstances mentioned in Art.
248 of the RPC like treachery and evident premeditation.
50. Tumultuous Affray – is committed when several persons not composing groups
organized for the purpose of assaulting each other in a confused and tumultuous manner,
and somebody died in the course of the affray, and it cannot be ascertained who killed the
deceased, those who inflicted serious physical injuries shall be the ones liable.
51. Treachery – is present when the offender commits any of the crimes against person,
employing means and methods or forms in the execution thereof which tend directly and
specially to ensure its execution, without risk to himself the killing of arising from the
defense which the offended party might take.
52. Evident Premeditation – it refers to the act of the offender manifestly indicating that he
clung to his determination to kill his victim.
53. Abortion – is the expulsion of non-viable fetus which could be committed intentionally
or unintentionally.
54. Mutilation – intentionally castrate totally or partially of some essential organ of
reproduction; lop, clip remove or remove or deprive the victim of any part of his body.
55. Less Serious Physical Injuries - is the type of physical injuries committed where the
offended party is incapacitated for labor for 10 days or more but not more than 30 days or
require medical attendance for the same period.
56. Serious Physical Injuries – is the type of physical injuries committed when the injured
person becomes insane, imbecile, impotent or blind in consequence of the physical
injuries inflicted.
57. Is imprudence and negligence a crime? – No, because it is only a manner of
committing a crime.
58. Judgement – final consideration and determination of a court of competent jurisdiction
upon matters submitted to it, in an action or proceeding.
59. What is the crime committed and by whom the public official accepted the corrupt
consideration and turned it over to his superior as evidence of the crime of
corruption? – Attempted corruption of public official by the giver because the official
did not agree to be corrupted.
60. Can a gay prison guard or warden who makes immoral proposals or indecent
advances to man inmate be liable for the crime of abuses against chastity? – No,
because only a woman can be an offended party in this crime.
61. What is the crime committed by the grandfather who killed the illegitimate
daughter of his legitimate son? – Homicide or Murder as the case may be.
62. Is parricide the crime committed when the offender killed his legally adopted son? –
No, because they are not related by consanguinity.
63. What is the crime committed by Jose, who conspired with his uncle Mario in killing
Mario’s legitimate father, which did they actually did while Juan was deeply
sleeping in his farm house? – Murder.
64. Bigamy – is committed by any person who shall contract a second subsequent marriage
before the former marriage has been legally dissolve, or because the absent spouse has
been declared presumptively dead by means of judgement rendered in the proper
proceedings.
65. Illegal Marriage – are such marriages which are performed without complying with the
requirements of law or such as premature marriages or where the consent of the other is
vitiated, or such marriage which was solemnized by one who is not authorized to
solemnized the same.
66. Libel – is a public and malicious imputation of a vice or defect, real or imaginary or any
act, omission, condition, status or circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit or
contempt of a natural or juridical person, or to blacken the memory of one who is dead.
67. Incriminating innocent person – is committed by any person who by any act not
constituting perjury shall directly incriminate or impute to an innocent person the
commission of a crime.
68. Intriguing against honor – any intrigue which has for its principal purpose to blemish
the honor or reputation of a person.
69. Reckless Imprudence – it consists in voluntary, but without malice doing or failing to do
an act from which material damage results by reason of inexcusable lack of precaution on
the part of the person performing of failing to perform such act, taking into consideration
his employment or occupation, degree of intelligence, physical condition and other
circumstances regarding persons, time and place.
70. Simple Imprudence – it consists in lack of precaution displayed in those cases in which
the damage impending to be caused is not immediate nor the danger clearly manifest.
71. Fine – penalty imposed if the reckless imprudence or negligence resulted only in damage
to property.
72. Emergency Rule – it is the rule in quasi delict which provide that a driver who by the
negligence of another and not but not his own negligence is suddenly placed in an
emergency and compelled to act instantly to a collision or injury is not guilty of
negligence if he makes such a choice which a person of ordinary prudence placed in
which position might make it even thought he did not make the wisest choice.
73. Doctrine of last clear chance – rule in quasi delict which provide that the contributory
negligence of the party injured will not defeat the action if it be shown the accused might
by the exercise of reasonable care and prudence have avoided the consequence of the
negligence of the injured party.
74. Light Coercion – is the crime committed by any person who by means of violence shall
seize anything belonging debtor for the purpose of applying the same to the payment of
debt.
75. Qualified Theft - if committed by a domestic servant, or with grave abuse of confidence,
or if the property stolen is motor vehicle, mail matter or large cattle or consists of
coconuts taken from the premises of the plantation or fish taken from a fishpond or
fishery, or if property is taken on the occasion of fire, earthquake, typhoon, volcanic
eruption, or any other calamity, vehicular accident or civil disturbance.
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATIONS
1. To deceive or defraud someone – is the primary purpose of forging a signature.
2. Watermarking – not a common method used in signature forgery.
3. Recreating a signature by a memory or practice – freehand simulation in the context
of signature forgery.
4. Handwriting Analysis – forensic technique that is commonly used to detect forged
signature.
5. Imprisonment and fines – legal consequence can result from forging a signature
6. Signature length – not typically analyzed by handwriting experts when detecting a
forged signature.
7. They are harder to reproduce without authorization – it is why digital signature might
be considered more secured than hand written signatures.
8. Handwriting analysis – is the term for the scientific study of handwriting to identify
authorship.
9. The mental state of intent to commit forgery – ‘mens rea’
10. Regularly changing your signature – an example of a preventive measure against
signature forgery.
11. A replica of a real signature made with a stamp – is a stamp facsimile of a genuine
signature.
12. When the signer is unavailable to sigh physically – a stamped facsimile of a genuine
signature can be used.
13. They hold the same legal weight of handwritten signatures – stamped facsimile of
genuine signature
14. It provides a secure means of signing documents remotely – purpose of a stamped
facsimile of a genuine signature serves.
15. It lacks the personal thoughts and spontaneity of handwritten signature – stamped
facsimile differs from handwritten signature
16. There must be some similarity between them – best describes the concept of
resemblance forged and genuine signatures or handwritten
17. To avoid suspicion – is it essential for a forged signatures or handwriting to bear some
resemblance to a genuine one
18. Skill level of the forger and the quality of the materials used – it is factors contribute
to the resemblance between forged and genuine signatures or handwriting
19. It helps in establishing a baseline for further analysis – in forensic analysis what role
does the concept of resemblance play in identifying forged signatures or handwriting
20. By conducting a detailed analysis of various characteristics – can forensic experts
differentiate between genuine and forged signatures or handwriting despite the
resemblance
21. To discourage dishonesty and protect the integrity of documents – it is forgery
punished by law
22. Transparency and honesty – societal value does punishing forgery uphold
23. Rehabilitation programs – is not a consequence of forgery punishment
24. Fraudulent behavior – punishing forgery aim to deter
25. To analyze the chemical composition of the ink – is one of the primary purpose of thin-
layer chromatography in the examination of ink
26. Gas chromatography – it is technique that commonly used to determine the age of ink
in the forensic examination
27. Oil-based composition – is a characteristic feature of ballpoint pen ink that aids in its
examination and identification
28. By linking suspects to a particular pen or printer – the examination of writing
instruments contribute to forensic investigations
29. Visible halftone dots under magnification – are some identifying characteristics of
offset printing
30. Digital printing – a method of printing involves using a digital file to directly transfer
ink into paper