ebook download (eBook PDF) Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spiral bound Version 8th Edition all chapter

(eBook PDF) Medical Terminology for
Health Professions, Spiral bound

Version 8th Edition
Go to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-medical-terminology-for-health-professio
ns-spiral-bound-version-8th-edition/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...
Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spiral

bound Version (MindTap Course List) 9th Edition Ehrlich
- eBook PDF
https://ebooksecure.com/download/medical-terminology-for-health-
professions-spiral-bound-version-mindtap-course-list-ebook-pdf/
Medical Terminology for Health Professions 8th Edition

Ann Ehrlich - eBook PDF
professions-ebook-pdf/
Medical Terminology for Health Professions (INCOMPLETE)

8 th Edition Ann Ehrlich - eBook PDF
professions-incomplete-ebook-pdf/
(eBook PDF) Surgical Instrumentation, Spiral bound

Version 2nd Edition
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-surgical-
instrumentation-spiral-bound-version-2nd-edition/
(eBook PDF) The Speaker's Handbook, Spiral bound
Version 12th Edition
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-the-speakers-handbook-
spiral-bound-version-12th-edition/
(eBook PDF) Atelier, Student Edition, Spiral bound

Version - Digital Ebook
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-atelier-student-edition-
spiral-bound-version/
(eBook PDF) HOW 14: A Handbook for Office

Professionals, Spiral bound Version 14th Edition
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-how-14-a-handbook-for-
office-professionals-spiral-bound-version-14th-edition/
(eBook PDF) The Speaker's Compact Handbook, Spiral

bound Version 5th Edition
http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-the-speakers-compact-
handbook-spiral-bound-version-5th-edition/
The Speaker's Handbook, Spiral bound Version 12th

Edition Sprague - eBook PDF
https://ebooksecure.com/download/the-speakers-handbook-spiral-
bound-version-ebook-pdf/
vi CONTENTS
Aging and Death / 43

Health Care Professionals / 43
Abbreviations Related to the Human Body in Health and Disease / 45
Learning Exercises / 46
The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise / 55
Word Part Review WPR1
Word Part Practice Session / WPR1

Word Part Post-Test / WPR5
Chapter 3: The Skeletal System 56
Structures and Functions of the Skeletal System / 58

The Structure of Bones / 58
Joints / 59
The Skeleton / 61
Medical Specialties Related to the Skeletal System / 70
Pathology of the Skeletal System / 70
Diagnostic Procedures of the Skeletal System / 77
Treatment Procedures of the Skeletal System / 77
Abbreviations Related to the Skeletal System / 81
Chapter 4: The Muscular System 92
Functions of the Muscular System / 94

Structures of the Muscular System / 94
Types of Muscle Tissue / 95
Muscle Contraction and Relaxation / 96
Contrasting Muscle Motion / 96
How Muscles Are Named / 98
Select Muscles and Their Functions / 101
Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System / 102
Pathology of the Muscular System / 102
Diagnostic Procedures of the Muscular System / 108
Treatment Procedures of the Muscular System / 109
Abbreviations Related to the Muscular System / 110
Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CONTENTS vii
Chapter 5: The Cardiovascular System 122
Functions of the Cardiovascular System / 124

Structures of the Cardiovascular System / 124
The Blood Vessels / 130
Blood / 132
Medical Specialties Related to the Cardiovascular System / 135
Pathology of the Cardiovascular System / 135
Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System / 145
Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System / 147
Abbreviations Related to the Cardiovascular System / 151
Chapter 6: The Lymphatic and Immune

Systems 163
Functions of the Lymphatic System / 165

Structures of the Lymphatic System / 165
Additional Structures of the Lymphatic System / 168
Functions and Structures of the Immune System / 170
Medical Specialties Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems / 172
Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Lymphatic System / 172
Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Immune System / 173
Treatment of the Immune System / 177
Pathogenic Organisms / 177
Oncology / 181
Cancer Treatments / 186
Abbreviations Related to the Lymphatic and Immune
Systems / 187
Chapter 7: The Respiratory System 198
Functions of the Respiratory System / 200

Structures of the Respiratory System / 200
Respiration / 205
Medical Specialties Related to the Respiratory System / 206
Pathology of the Respiratory System / 206
Upper Respiratory Diseases / 208
Diagnostic Procedures of the Respiratory System / 215
Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System / 216
viii CONTENTS
Abbreviations Related to the Respiratory System / 219

Chapter 8: The Digestive System 231
Structures of the Digestive System / 233

Digestion / 241
Medical Specialties Related to the Digestive System / 242
Pathology of the Digestive System / 242
Diagnostic Procedures of the Digestive System / 251
Treatment Procedures of the Digestive System / 253
Abbreviations Related to the Digestive System / 256
Chapter 9: The Urinary System 268
Functions of the Urinary System / 270

Structures of the Urinary System / 270
The Excretion of Urine / 273
Medical Specialties Related to the Urinary System / 273
Pathology of the Urinary System / 274
Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System / 279
Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System / 281
Abbreviations Related to the Urinary System / 287
Chapter 10: The Nervous System

and Mental Health 298
Functions of the Nervous System / 300

Structures of the Nervous System / 300
The Central Nervous System / 303
The Peripheral Nervous System / 308
The Autonomic Nervous System / 309
Medical Specialties Related to the Nervous System and Mental Health / 310
Pathology of the Nervous System / 310
Diagnostic Procedures of the Nervous System / 317
Treatment Procedures of the Nervous System / 318
Mental Health / 319
CONTENTS ix
Abbreviations Related to the Nervous System / 324

Chapter 11: Special Senses: The Eyes

and Ears 336
Functions of the Eyes / 338

Structures of the Eyes / 338
Medical Specialties Related to the Eyes and Vision / 342
Pathology of the Eyes and Vision / 343
Diagnostic Procedures for Vision and the Eyes / 347
Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision / 348
Functions of the Ears / 349
Structures of the Ears / 350
Medical Specialties Related to the Ears and Hearing / 352
Pathology of the Ears and Hearing / 352
Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing / 354
Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing / 355
Abbreviations Related to the Special Senses / 356
Chapter 12: Skin: The Integumentary System 368
Functions of the Integumentary System / 370

The Structures of the Skin and Its Related Structures / 370
Medical Specialties Related to the Integumentary System / 373
Pathology of the Integumentary System / 374
Diagnostic Procedures of the Integumentary System / 384
Treatment Procedures of the Integumentary System / 385
Abbreviations Related to the Integumentary System / 388
Chapter 13: The Endocrine System 399
Functions of the Endocrine System / 401

Structures of the Endocrine System / 401
The Pituitary Gland / 401
The Pineal Gland / 403
The Thyroid Gland / 403
x CONTENTS
The Parathyroid Glands / 404

The Thymus / 404
The Pancreas (Pancreatic Islets) / 404
The Adrenal Glands / 405
The Gonads / 406
Medical Specialties Related to the Endocrine System / 407
Pathology of the Endocrine System / 407
Diagnostic Procedures Related to the Endocrine System / 413
Treatment Procedures Related to the Endocrine System / 414
Abbreviations Related to the Endocrine System / 415
Chapter 14: The Reproductive Systems 426
Terms Related to the Reproductive Systems of Both Sexes / 428

Functions of the Male Reproductive System / 428
Structures of the Male Reproductive System / 428
Medical Specialties Related to the Male Reproductive System / 430
Pathology of the Male Reproductive System / 430
Diagnostic Procedures of the Male Reproductive System / 432
Treatment Procedures of the Male Reproductive System / 432
Sexually Transmitted Diseases / 433
Functions of the Female Reproductive System / 434
Structures of the Female Reproductive System / 434
Terms Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth / 437
Medical Specialties Related to the Female Reproductive System
and Childbirth / 442
Pathology of the Female Reproductive System / 442
Pathology of Pregnancy and Childbirth / 445
Diagnostic Procedures of the Female Reproductive System / 446
Treatment Procedures of the Female Reproductive System / 447
Abbreviations Related to the Reproductive Systems / 450
Chapter 15: Diagnostic Procedures,

Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology 462
Diagnostic Procedures / 464

Recumbent Examination Positions / 468
Laboratory Tests / 468
Endoscopy / 471
CONTENTS xi
Centesis / 472
Imaging Techniques / 473
Barium / 473
Nuclear Medicine / 477
Pharmacology / 480
Complementary and Alternative Medicine / 483
Abbreviations Related to Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and
Pharmacology / 485
Comprehensive Medical Terminology

Review 499
Study Tips / 500

Review Session Answer Sheet / 501
Simulated Medical Terminology Final Test Answer Sheet / 502
Review Session / 503
Review Session Answer Key / 512
Simulated Final Test / 513
Simulated Medical Terminology Final Test Answer Key / 522
Appendix A: Prefixes, Combining Forms, and Suffixes / 523

Appendix B: Abbreviations and Their Meanings / 535
Appendix C: Glossary of Pathology and Procedures / 555
Index / 597
Flash Cards / 646
PREFACE
TO THE LEARNER
Welcome to the world of medical terminology! Learning this special language is an important
step in preparing for your career as a health care professional. Here’s good news: learning med-
ical terms is much easier than learning a foreign language because you are already familiar with
quite a few of the words, such as appendicitis and tonsillectomy. Understanding new words
becomes easier with the discovery that many of these terms are made up of interchangeable
word parts that are used in different combinations. Once you understand this, you’ll be well on
your way to translating even the most difficult medical terms, including words you have never
seen before. You’ll be amazed to see how quickly your vocabulary will grow!
This book and the accompanying learning materials are designed to make the process as
simple as possible. Review the “How to Use This Book” section so you can find your way around
easily. Once you become comfortable with the format, you’ll discover you are learning faster
than you ever imagined possible.
CHAPTER ORGANIZATION
The text is designed to help you master medical terminology. It is organized into 15 chapters,
the Word Part Review, the Comprehensive Medical Terminology Review, three appendices, an
index, and removable flashcards. To gain the most benefit from your use of this text, take
advantage of the many features, including the “Learning Exercises” plus the “Human Touch”
stories and discussion questions that are included at the end of each chapter.
Primary terms are the most important terms in a chapter. When first introduced, the term
appears in boldface and, if appropriate, is followed by the “sounds-like” pronunciation. Only
primary terms are used as correct answers in the exercises and tests.
Secondary terms appear in cyan italics. These terms, which are included to clarify the
meaning of a primary term, are sometimes used as distracters, but not as correct answers, in
exercises or tests.
Each chapter begins with a vocabulary list consisting of 15 word parts and 60 medical
terms selected from among the primary terms in the chapter. Note: If your instructor is using the
Simplified Syllabus version of this course, these are the terms that you will be expected to learn
for all quizzes, tests, and exams.
xii
PREFACE xiii
Introductory Chapters and Word Part

Review
Chapters 1 and 2 create the foundation that enables you to
master the rest of the book. Chapter 1 introduces key word
parts—the building blocks of most medical terms.
Chapter 2 introduces more word parts and provides an
overview of basic terms used throughout the medical field, as well
as some of the many career options open to you in health care.
After studying these chapters, complete the Word Part
Review that follows Chapter 2. These practice activities and
the accompanying test will help you determine whether
you’ve mastered the concept of these all-important building Laura Ehrlich
blocks. If you are having trouble here, it is important to put Katrina A. Schroeder
more effort into learning these basics. 2

CHA
PTER
1
Voca
bula
ry Re
Body System Chapters lated

to TH
E INTR
ODU
CTIO
on th NO
e stud
ent St F ME
udyW D ICAL
Chapters 3 through 14 are organized by body system. and th
bold
face
e othe
r impo
throug
ARE™
rtant
prim
CD-R
OM an
d Au
dio □
□
(F
TERM
INO
LOG
which
appe hout
the ch ary te
□
gastra IS-tyou-la
lgia (g
Y
prim ar in rms ar h)
Because each body system stands alone, you can study these Word
ary te
rms.
oran ap
ge ita ter. Second e shown
lics, cl
arify
the m
ar y term
s,
in
□
□
ga
ge
ga stritis
strosi
rontol
s (gas
as-T
(gas-T RAL-jee-
RY-ti
-TRO
s)
ah)
eaning □ H-sis)
Part of hem ogist
□ s (jer-
chapters in any sequence. Each chapter begins with an over- □
□
-algia
dys-
pain,
painfu
l cond □
□
□
hepa
hype
orrh
age
al
rtensi y (hep-a
on-T
tomeg (HEM-or- L-oh-jist)
O
idj)
-ectom ition hypo on (h h-toh-
□ y su □ tensio igh-pe MEG
-ah-le
view of the structures and functions of that system so you can □
□
hype
hypo
-itis
-
r- ex
rgical
cessiv removal,
e, incr
eased
cutti
ng ou
t
□
□
ile
infect
um (I
ilium LL-ee-um
(ILL-e
n
e-
(h igh-po
)
r-TE
h-TE
N-shu
N-shu
n)
n)
e)
□ □ ion (in um)

-osis -FEC
□
relate these to the medical specialists, pathology, diagnostics, □
-ostom
open
in
abno
y
rmal
cond
ition
, dise
ase □
□
□
inters
tit
intram ial (in-te
(in
K-shu
M
n)
r-STIS AY-shun)
-otom g to the bo melan
uscu
lar (in H-al)
□ y cu dy su □ os -trah
tting mycos is (mel-a
and treatment procedures that follow. □
-plast
-rrhag
discha
y su
e
rgical
, surg
ical
rface
repair incision □
□
myelo (my-KO
myo
is
path
y (m
h- NOH
H-sis) -sis)
-MU
S-kyou
-lar)
□ □ path y-eh-L
-rrhap rge myo y (m
y-OP- OP-ah-th
□
Chapter 15 introduces basic diagnostic procedures, □
□
-rrhea
-rrhex
hy su
is ru
rgical
suturin
g
□
□
□
neon
neur
rrhe
atolog
xis (m
y
itis (n (nee-oh-
y-oh
ah
-R
-thee
ECK
)
-sis)
ee)
-scler pture neur ew-R nay-TO

osis □ opla YE-ti L-oh
abno sty (N s)
examination positions, imaging techniques, laboratory tests, □
Med
ical T
erms
rmal
hard
ening
□
otolar
GOL-
yn
otorhi gology (o oh-plas-
nola
ryng
EW-r
h-toh-
lar-in
tee)
-jee)
abdo □ oh-je ology -GOL-

minoc palp e) (oh-toh- oh
ente rye-no -jee)
nuclear medicine, and pharmacology. It also includes a □
□
angi
TEE-
acro
nym
sis)
(ACK
-r
sis (a
b-do
m-ih
-noh
-sen- □
□
□
perina
ation
ta
postna l (pehr-ih
tal (p
(p al-PAY
-N
-shun)
h-lar-
in-
□ ogra
phy (a oh-nim) prog ohst-N AY-tal)
appe n-jee- □ nosis AY-ta
□ ndec
section on alternative and complementary medicines. This □
□
appe
arteri
ndic
on
tomy
itis (a
(ap-en
h-pe
OG-ra
-DEC
n-dih- K-toh-m
h-fee)
□
□
pros
pr ostrat
pyeliti e (PROS- )
(p
tate (P rog-NOH
RO S-tayt
-s is)
l)
arteri ecrosis (a ee) □ trayt

□ os r-tee- SIGH-tis) s (pye )
arthra clerosis (a ree-oh pyod -eh-LY
chapter can be studied at any point in the course. □

□
diagno
lg
omy
(k oh-L
r-
colost ia (ar-TH tee-ree-oh eh-KROH
RAL-
je e-ah
-n
-skleh
-ROH
-sis)
□
□
□
subc
su pi
erma
ostal
natio
(pye
(sub-K
-oh-D )
O
E-tis
ER-m
ah)
□ sis (d AHS- ) -sis) su n (soo S-tal)
edem ye-ag- to h-mee □ pp uratio -pih
□ a (eh-
D
NOH
-sis) ) supr n (sup -NAY-shu
enda □ acos
□ rteria EE-mah) sympt tal (s -you
-RAY
n)
□
endo
scop
l (end
-ar-TE □ om (S ue-prah- -shun)
y (en- E-ree- synd IMP- KOS-
Comprehensive Medical Terminology Review

epon DOS- □ rome tum) ta l)
□ ym (E koh- al) tonsill (SIN
P-oh pee) □ ec -drohm
(FISH -nim) tonsill tomy (ton )
-ur) □ iti -s
traum s (ton-sih ih-LECK
□ a -L -toh-
triage (TRAW-m YE-tis) mee)
□ (tree ah
viral -AHZH )
□ (VYE )
This section, which follows Chapter 15, is designed to help virile
(VIR
-ral)
-ill)
you prepare for your final examination. It includes study tips, CHAPTER 1
practice exercises, and a simulated final test; however, be aware LEARNING EXERCISES
that none of these questions are from the actual final test.
MATCHING WORD PARTS 1
Appendices
Write the correct answer in the middle column.
Correct Answer Possible Answers
________________________________________ -algia
Appendix A: Prefixes, Combining Forms, and Suffixes is a 1.2.
1.3.
excessive, increased
liver
________________________________________
________________________________________
dys-
-ectomy
convenient alphabetic reference for the medical word parts. ________________________________________ hepat/o
1.5. surgical removal ________________________________________ hyper-
When you don’t recognize a word part, you can look it up here.
Appendix B: Abbreviations and Their Meanings is an Write the correct answer in the middle column.
Correct Answer Possible Answers

extensive list of commonly used abbreviations and their 1.6. abnormal condition ________________________________________ hypo-
meanings. Abbreviations are important in medicine, and 1.7. abnormal softening ________________________________________ -itis
________________________________________ -malacia
using them accurately is essential! ________________________________________ -necrosis
1.10. tissue death ________________________________________ -osis

Appendix C: Glossary of Pathology and Procedures gives the
definitions of all the primary terms in the text relating to Write the correct answer in the middle column.
diagnosis, pathology, and medical procedures. 1.11. bleeding, bursting forth

Correct Answer
________________________________________
Possible Answers
-ostomy
1.12. surgical creation of an opening ________________________________________ -otomy

8
xiv PREFACE
Student Resources
The following resources are included with your textbook to provide even more
help as you study.
n Flashcards. Improve your knowledge and test your mastery by using the
flashcards provided in the last section of the book. Remove these perfo-
rated pages carefully and then separate the cards. Flashcards are an effec-
tive study aid for use even when you have only a small amount of time.
n Online Resources. A student companion website is available to
accompany a new textbook that includes slide presentations created
®
in PowerPoint and animations.
To access the online resources:
1. Go To: http://www.CengageBrain.com.
2. Register as a new user or log in as an existing user if you already have
an account with Cengage Learning or CengageBrain.com
CHANGES TO THE EIGHTH EDITION

A detailed conversion guide that helps you make the change from the
seventh to the eighth edition is included in the Instructor Resource Center at
http://www.cengage.com. A brief summary of some of the changes follows:
n Added eleven new, full-color photos

n Chapter 1: Further clarified combining forms
n Chapter 1: Updated use of medical dictionary to include
online resources
n Chapter 1: Updated “Do Not Use” abbreviations
n Chapter 2: Expanded section on health care professions
n Chapter 5: Added nutritional changes under treatments
n Chapter 6: Updated definitions of lymphomas
n Chapter 6: Expanded material on breast cancer
n Chapter 8: Expanded dental section and virtual colonoscopy
n Chapter 9: Added nutrition to treatment procedures
n Chapter 10: Expanded coverage of mental health
n Chapter 15: Updated section on nuclear medicine
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is a pleasure to introduce Katrina A. Schroeder, RD, and Laura Ehrlich, RN, as our new co-
authors of Medical Terminology for Health Professions. They bring a fresh and professional per-
spective to this textbook as it enters its third decade. As always, we are very grateful for the input
of the many reviewers, and instructors who volunteer feedback, who are an invaluable resource
in guiding this book as it evolves. Their insights, comments, suggestions, and attention to detail
are very important in making the text, and its many resources, up-to-date and accurate.
Thanks also to the editorial and production staff of Cengage Learning for their very profes-
sional and extremely helpful assistance in making this revision possible, especially our editors,
Deb Myette-Flis and Laura Stewart. Deb Myette-Flis deserves special recognition for her stead-
fast support for this project throughout the past five editions.
Please note that a portion of the royalties for this textbook provide scholarships for lymph-
edema therapists, helping to address a nation-wide shortage in this field.
Ann Ehrlich and
Carol L. Schroeder
REVIEWERS
Diane R. Benson, CMA (AAMA), BSHCA, MSA, David Pintado, MD, CCMA,
CDE, ASE, CFP, MRS, CPC, CBCS, AHA BCLS/ Health Care Program Practicum Coordinator
First Aid-Instructor Karan A. Serowik, M.Ed, RMA, CCMA,
Professor Nationally Certified Phlebotomist,
Carol J. Kirkner Ed.D., MT, ASCP, Program Director, Healthcare
Dean—Division of Health Sciences David Stump-Foughty, M.Ed., CPC, MIBC
Program Director
xv
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Eighth Edition, is

designed to help you learn and remember medical terms with sur-
prising ease. The key lies in the following features.
BODY SYSTEM OVERVIEW

The first page of each body system chapter is a chart giving
an overview of the structures, related combining forms, and
functions most important to that system.
VOCABULARY LIST
The second page of each chapter is a 75-item vocabulary
list. This list includes 15 key word parts with their meanings
and 60 important terms for the chapter with their pronun-
ciations. This immediately alerts you to the key terms in the
chapter and acts as a review guide. Next to each term is a
box so you can check off each term when you’ve learned it.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The beginning of each chapter lists learning objectives to
help you understand what is expected of you as you read
the text and complete the exercises. These objectives are set
off with a colored bar for easy identification.
ART PROGRAM
Our art program includes hundreds of photos and full-color illus-
trations that help clarify the text and contain important additional
information. Review each illustration and read its caption carefully
for easy and effective learning.
xvi
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK xvii
“SOUNDS-LIKE” PRONUNCIATION
SYSTEM
The sounds-like pronunciation system makes pronunciation easy by
respelling the word with syllables you can understand—and say—at a
glance. Simply pronounce the term just as it appears in parentheses,
accenting the syllables as follows:
n Primary (strongest) accent: capital letters and bold type

n Secondary accent: lowercase letters and bold type
WORD PARTS
Because word parts are so important to learning medical terminology,
whenever a term made up of word parts is introduced, the definition is
followed (in parentheses) by the word parts highlighted in magenta
and defined.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY

TERMS
n Primary terms are the most important medical words in a
chapter. When first introduced, the term appears in boldface
and, if appropriate, is followed by the sounds-like pronunciation.
These are the words students need to concentrate on learning.
Only primary terms are used as correct answers in the exercises
and tests.
n Secondary terms appear in cyan italics. These terms are included
to clarify the meaning of a primary term. Although used as
distracters in exercises, the secondary terms are not used as
correct answers in exercises or tests.
LEARNING EXERCISES
Each chapter includes 100 Learning Exercises in a variety of formats
that require a one- or two-word written answer. Writing terms,
rather than just circling a multiple-choice option, reinforces learning
and provides practice in writing and spelling the terms.
xviii HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
THE HUMAN TOUCH:

CRITICAL THINKING EXERCISE
A real-life short story that involves patients and pathology,
along with related critical thinking questions, at the end of each
chapter helps you apply what you are learning to the real
world. There are no right or wrong answers, just questions to
get you started thinking about and using the new terms you
have learned.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
TO MEDICAL
TERMINOLOGY
Overview of
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Primary Medical Terms Primary terms enable you to give priority to the most important
words in your study of medical terminology. These terms are
shown in black boldface.
Word Parts Are the Key An introduction to word parts and how they are used to create
complex medical terms.
Word Roots The word parts that usually, but not always, indicate the part of
the body involved.
Combining Form A word root that has a vowel, usually the letter “o,” put on the
end before the addition of another word root or a suffix.
Suffixes The word part attached at the end of a word that usually, but not
always, indicates the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease.
Prefixes The word part attached at the beginning of a word that usually,
but not always, indicates location, time, number, or status.
Determining Meanings on Knowledge of word parts helps decipher medical terms.
the Basis of Word Parts
Medical Dictionary Use Guidelines to make looking up a term easier.
Pronunciation Learn how to pronounce words correctly using the “sounds-like”
pronunciation system and audio files.
Spelling Is Always Important A single spelling error can change the entire meaning of a term.
Singular and Plural Endings Unusual singular and plural endings used in medical terms.
Basic Medical Terms Terms used to describe disease conditions.
Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Clarification of confusing terms and word parts that look or
Terms and Word Parts sound similar.
Using Abbreviations Caution is always important when using abbreviations.
1
2 CHAPTER 1
Vocabulary Related to THE INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
This list contains essential word parts and medical & erythrocyte (eh-RITH-roh-sight)
terms for this chapter. These and the other & fissure (FISH-ur)
important primary terms are shown in boldface & fistula (FIS-chuh-lah)
& gastralgia (gas-TRAL-jee-ah)
throughout the chapter. Secondary terms, which
& gastritis (gas-TRY-tis)
appear in cyan italics, clarify the meaning of primary
& gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-EYE-tis)
terms.
& gastrosis (gas-TROH-sis)
& hemorrhage (HEM-or-idj)
Word Parts & hepatomegaly (hep-ah-toh-MEG-ah-lee)
& hypertension (high-per-TEN-shun)
& -algia pain, suffering
& hypotension (high-poh-TEN-shun)
& dys- bad, difficult, or painful
& infection (in-FECK-shun)
& -ectomy surgical removal, cutting out
& inflammation (in-flah-MAY-shun)
& hyper- excessive, increased
& interstitial (in-ter-STISH-al)
& hypo- deficient, decreased
& intramuscular (in-trah-MUS-kyou-lar)
& -itis inflammation
& laceration (lass-er-AY-shun)
& -osis abnormal condition, disease
& lesion (LEE-zhun)
& -ostomy the surgical creation of an artificial
& malaise (mah-LAYZ)
opening to the body surface & mycosis (my-KOH-sis)
& -otomy cutting, surgical incision & myelopathy (my-eh-LOP-ah-thee)
& -plasty surgical repair & myopathy (my-OP-ah-thee)
& -rrhage bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid & myorrhexis (my-oh-RECK-sis)
discharge & natal (NAY-tal)
& -rrhaphy surgical suturing & neonatology (nee-oh-nay-TOL-oh-jee)
& -rrhea flow or discharge & neurorrhaphy (new-ROR-ah-fee)
& -rrhexis rupture & otorhinolaryngology (oh-toh-rye-noh-lar-in-
& -sclerosis abnormal hardening
GOL-oh-jee)
& palpation (pal-PAY-shun)
& palpitation (pal-pih-TAY-shun)
Medical Terms & pathology (pah-THOL-oh-jee)
& abdominocentesis (ab-dom-ih-noh- & phalanges (fah-LAN-jeez)
sen-TEE-sis) & poliomyelitis (poh-lee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis)
& acronym (ACK-roh-nim) & prognosis (prog-NOH-sis)
& acute & pyoderma (pye-oh-DER-mah)
& angiography (an-jee-OG-rah-fee) & pyrosis (pye-ROH-sis)
& appendectomy (ap-en-DECK-toh-mee) & remission
& arteriosclerosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-skleh-ROH-sis) & sign
& arthralgia (ar-THRAL-jee-ah) & supination (soo-pih-NAY-shun)
& colostomy (koh-LAHS-toh-mee) & suppuration (sup-you-RAY-shun)
& cyanosis (sigh-ah-NOH-sis) & supracostal (sue-prah-KOS-tal)
& dermatologist (der-mah-TOL-oh-jist) & symptom (SIMP-tum)
& diagnosis (dye-ag-NOH-sis) & syndrome (SIN-drohm)
& diarrhea (dye-ah-REE-ah) & tonsillitis (ton-sih-LYE-tis)
& edema (eh-DEE-mah) & trauma (TRAW-mah)
& endarterial (end-ar-TEE-ree-al) & triage (tree-AHZH)
& eponym (EP-oh-nim) & viral (VYE-ral)
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
On completion of this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Identify the roles of the four types of 5. Use the “sounds-like” pronunciation system
word parts used in forming medical terms. and audio files to correctly pronounce the
2. Use your knowledge of word parts to primary terms introduced in this chapter.
analyze unfamiliar medical terms. 6. Recognize the importance of spelling medi-
3. Describe the steps in locating a cal terms correctly.
term in a medical dictionary or online 7. State why caution is important when using
resource. abbreviations.
4. Define the commonly used word roots, 8. Recognize, define, spell, and correctly pro-
combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes nounce the primary terms introduced in this
introduced in this chapter. chapter.
PRIMARY MEDICAL TERMS n Secondary terms appear in cyan italics. Some of

these terms are the “also known as” names for
In this book, you will be introduced to many medical terms; conditions or procedures. Other secondary terms
however, mastering them will be easier than you anticipate clarify words used in the definitions of primary terms.
because this book has many features to help you learn.
n Primary terms appear in boldface. Learning these
terms should be your highest priority as only primary
WORD PARTS ARE THE KEY
terms are used as correct answers in the Learning
Exercises and tests. Learning medical terminology is much easier once you
n A vocabulary list with 15 essential word parts and 60 understand how word parts work together to form medi-
key primary terms (and their pronunciations) is at the cal terms (Figure 1.1). This book includes many aids to
beginning of each chapter. help you reinforce your word-building skills.
-ology
ia
-os
-alg ab-
is
-itis
leu
rhin
k/o
-
pre-
/o-
neu
r/o-
gastr
/o - b-
su
hypo-
FIGURE 1.1 Word parts (word roots, combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes) make up most medical terms.
4 CHAPTER 1
n The types of word parts and the rules for their use are 3. A suffix usually, but not always, indicates the proce-
explained in this chapter. Learn these rules and follow dure, condition, disorder, or disease.
them. n A suffix always comes at the end of the word.
n When a term is made up of recognizable word parts, these n You’ll know a word part is a suffix when it is shown
word parts and their meanings are included with the def- with a hyphen (-) preceding it. For example, the
inition of that term. These word parts appear in magenta. suffix -itis means inflammation.
n The majority of the word parts used in medical 4. A prefix usually, but not always, indicates location,
terminology are of Latin origin, some are derived time, number, or status.
from Greek, and a few are from other languages.
n A prefix always comes at the beginning of a word.
n The Learning Exercises for each chapter include a
n You’ll know a word part is a prefix when it is shown
“Challenge Word Building” section to help develop
followed by a hyphen (-). For example, hyper-
your skills in working with word parts.
means excessive or increased.
n A Word Part Review follows Chapter 2. This section
provides additional word part practice and enables
you to evaluate your progress toward mastering the
meaning of these word parts. WORD ROOTS
Word roots act as the foundation for most medical terms.
The Four Types of Word Parts They usually, but not always, describe the part of the body
The four types of word parts used to create many medical that is involved (Figure 1.2). As shown in Table 1.2, some
terms are word roots, combining forms, suffixes, and pre- word roots indicate color.
fixes. Guidelines for their use are shown in Table 1.1.
1. A word root contains the basic meaning of the term.

In medical terminology, this word part usually,
but not always, indicates the involved body part. For Spinal cord
(myel/o)
example, the word root meaning stomach is gastr-.
Bone
2. A combining form is a word root with a combining (oste/o)
vowel added at the end, used when two word roots Muscle
(my/o)
are combined or when a suffix beginning with a con-
sonant is added. When a combining form appears
alone, it is shown with a back slash (/) between the
word root and the combining vowel. For example, the
combining form of the word rood gastr is gastr/o.
Note: a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y are vowels. All the
other letters in the alphabet are consonants.
Nerve (neur/o)
TABLE 1.1
Word Part Guidelines Joint (arthr/o)
1. A word root cannot stand alone. A suffix must
always be added at the end of the word to com-
plete the term.
2. The rules for creating a combining form by adding

a vowel apply when a suffix beginning with a
consonant is added to a word root.
3. If a prefix is added, it is always placed at the

beginning of the word. FIGURE 1.2 Word roots, shown here as combining forms,
usually indicate the involved body part.
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5
TABLE 1.2
Word Roots and Combining Forms Indicating Color
cyan/o means blue Cyanosis (sigh-ah-NOH-sis) is blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of ade-
quate oxygen in the blood (cyan means blue, and -osis means abnormal condition or
disease).
erythr/o means red An erythrocyte (eh-RITH-roh-sight) is a mature red blood cell (erythr/o means red,
and -cyte means cell).
leuk/o means white A leukocyte (LOO-koh-sight) is a white blood cell (leuk/o means white, and -cyte
means cell).
melan/o means black Melanosis (mel-ah-NOH-sis) is any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in
body tissues or organs (melan means black, and -osis means abnormal condition or
disease).
poli/o means gray Poliomyelitis (poh-lee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis) is a viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of
the spinal cord (poli/o means gray, myel means spinal cord, and -itis means
inflammation).
Combining Forms Vowels A combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with
a consonant. For example, when neur/o (nerve) is joined
A combining form includes a vowel, usually the letter
with the suffix -plasty (surgical repair) or -rrhaphy (surgi-
o, added to the end of a word root. It is usually added
cal suturing), the combining vowel o is used because
to make the resulting medical term easier to pro-
-plasty and -rrhaphy both begin with a consonant.
nounce. The rules for the use of a combining vowel
are as follows: n Neuroplasty (NEW-roh-plas-tee) is the surgical repair
of a nerve.
n When two word roots are joined, a combining vowel is
always added to the first word root. A combining vowel n Neurorrhaphy (new-ROR-ah-fee) is suturing together
is used at the end of the second word root only if the the ends of a severed nerve.
suffix begins with a consonant. A combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins
n For example, the term gastroenteritis combines with a vowel. For example, the word root tonsill means
two word roots with a suffix: when gastr (stomach) tonsils. No combining vowel is needed when adding either
is joined with the word root enter (small intestine), -itis (inflammation) or -ectomy (surgical removal) to ton-
a vowel is used to make the combining form sill, because they both start with a vowel (Figure 1.3).
gastr/o. These suffixes complete the term and tell us what is hap-
n The word root enter is joined to -itis without a com- pening to the tonsils.
bining vowel because this suffix begins with a vowel. n Tonsillitis (ton-sih-LYE-tis) is an inflammation of the
Gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-EYE-tis) is an inflam- tonsils.
mation of the stomach and small intestine. n A tonsillectomy (ton-sih-LECK-toh-mee) is the surgi-
cal removal of the tonsils.
SUFFIXES Suffixes as Noun Endings

A suffix is always added at the end of a word to complete A noun is a word that is the name of a person, place, or
that term. In medical terminology, suffixes usually, but thing. In medical terminology, some suffixes change the
not always, indicate a procedure, condition, disorder, or word root into a noun. For example, the cranium (KRAY-
disease. nee-um) is the portion of the skull that encloses the brain
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”
• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that
s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and
discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project
Gutenberg™ works.
• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project

Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different
terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain
permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3
below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on,
transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright
law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite
these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the
medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,”
such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt
data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other
medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES -

Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in
paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic
work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for
damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU
AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE,
STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH
OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH
1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER
THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE
OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If

you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of
receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you
paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you
received the work from. If you received the work on a physical
medium, you must return the medium with your written
explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the
defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu
of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or
entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.
If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund
in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set

forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’,
WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR
ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this
agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this
agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the
maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable
state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of
this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the

Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless
from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that
arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project
Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or
deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect
you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of

Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new
computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of
volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project
Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™
collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In
2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was
created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project
Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your
efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the
Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-
profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the
laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by
the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal
tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax
deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and
your state’s laws.
The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500

West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact
links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation’s website and official page at
www.gutenberg.org/contact
Section 4. Information about Donations to

the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission
of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works
that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form
accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated
equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly
important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws

regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of
the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform
and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many
fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not
solicit donations in locations where we have not received written
confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or
determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit
www.gutenberg.org/donate.
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states

where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know
of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from
donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot

make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations
received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp
our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current

donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a
number of other ways including checks, online payments and
credit card donations. To donate, please visit:
www.gutenberg.org/donate.
Section 5. General Information About Project

Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could
be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose
network of volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several

printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by
copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus,
we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any
particular paper edition.
Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.
This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new
eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear
about new eBooks.

ebook download (eBook PDF) Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spiral bound Version 8th Edition all chapter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

ebook download (eBook PDF) Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spiral bound Version 8th Edition all chapter

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ebook download (eBook PDF) Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spiral bound Version 8th Edition all chapter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

(eBook PDF) Medical Terminology for

Health Professions, Spiral bound

Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spiral

Medical Terminology for Health Professions 8th Edition

Medical Terminology for Health Professions (INCOMPLETE)

(eBook PDF) Surgical Instrumentation, Spiral bound

(eBook PDF) Atelier, Student Edition, Spiral bound

(eBook PDF) HOW 14: A Handbook for Office

(eBook PDF) The Speaker's Compact Handbook, Spiral

The Speaker's Handbook, Spiral bound Version 12th

Aging and Death / 43

Word Part Review WPR1

Word Part Practice Session / WPR1

Chapter 3: The Skeletal System 56

Structures and Functions of the Skeletal System / 58

Chapter 4: The Muscular System 92

Functions of the Muscular System / 94

Chapter 5: The Cardiovascular System 122

Functions of the Cardiovascular System / 124

Chapter 6: The Lymphatic and Immune

Functions of the Lymphatic System / 165

Chapter 7: The Respiratory System 198

Functions of the Respiratory System / 200

Abbreviations Related to the Respiratory System / 219

Chapter 8: The Digestive System 231

Structures of the Digestive System / 233

Chapter 9: The Urinary System 268

Functions of the Urinary System / 270

Chapter 10: The Nervous System

Functions of the Nervous System / 300

Abbreviations Related to the Nervous System / 324

Chapter 11: Special Senses: The Eyes

Functions of the Eyes / 338

Chapter 12: Skin: The Integumentary System 368

Functions of the Integumentary System / 370

Chapter 13: The Endocrine System 399

Functions of the Endocrine System / 401

The Parathyroid Glands / 404

Chapter 14: The Reproductive Systems 426

Terms Related to the Reproductive Systems of Both Sexes / 428

Chapter 15: Diagnostic Procedures,

Diagnostic Procedures / 464

Comprehensive Medical Terminology

Study Tips / 500

Appendix A: Prefixes, Combining Forms, and Suffixes / 523

Introductory Chapters and Word Part

more effort into learning these basics. 2

Body System Chapters lated

□ □ ion (in um)

-scler pture neur ew-R nay-TO

abdo □ oh-je ology -GOL-

arteri ecrosis (a ee) □ trayt

chapter can be studied at any point in the course. □

Comprehensive Medical Terminology Review

Correct Answer Possible Answers

Appendix A: Prefixes, Combining Forms, and Suffixes is a 1.2.

1.5. surgical removal ________________________________________ hyper-

Correct Answer Possible Answers

using them accurately is essential! ________________________________________ -necrosis