HistoryofStPaulandVicinity_10196359

H i s t o ry o f
St . P au an d V i c i n ty
A C h ro n i c l e o f P r ogr e ss and a Nar rati v e Ac co u nt o f t h e
I nd u str i es I n s ti tu ti o n s an d P e o pl e o f th e C i ty
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an d i ts T r ib u tar y T e rr i to ry
H ENR Y A C AS TLE .
V O LUME I I
IL LU S T RA T E D
TH E LE W I S P UB L I S H IN G C O M P ANY
C H I CA GO AND NEW Y OR K
TH E NEW YOR K
P UBLIC LI BRAR
as r o n, LS No X AND
m uo au FO UNDATIONS
1 91 5
A L E XAN D E R RA M S E Y
S t P au . an d V i c i n i ty
C H APT E R X LI I
TH E PU B LI C S C H OOL S
ST . P AU L S F IRST S C H OO L S— F IR S T P UB L I C S C H OO L H OUS E— P ION EE R

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P UB L I C S C H OO L TE A C"H E R S— H IG H SC H O OL A N D B OARD OF E D U C A
TIO N — S C H OO L H OUS E S OF T H E F I FT I E S — S UP E RI NT E N D E NT S o r P UB
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L I C S C H OO L S —TH E S T P A U L H IG H SC H OOL —P R E S E NT P UB L I C
SC H OO L S Y S T E M —F OR T HO S E W H O M U S T CU T T H E IR S C H OO L I N G ”
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P H YSI C A L CON S E RV ATION A N D S A F E TY— TH E L ITT L E R ED S C H OO L “
— P R I vATE A N D S E L E C T S C H OO LS — P UB L I C S C H OO L S A s S O C I A L CE N
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T E RS— A NOT H E R NE w DE P A RTU R E .
Few c itie s o f a corresponding population are so well supplie d w ith

educational facil ities as S t Paul There are fi f ty six public school s i n
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cluding four new high schools S t Paul has fi fteen col lege s ; a large
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number o f exceptionally success f ul C athol ic day boarding school s ; nearly -
a score o f schools divi ded among various P rotestant denominations

( p rincipally L utheran ) and several Hebrew schools There are many .
busi ness and commercia l co l leges an d a goodly number o f p rivate schools

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ranging from k indergartens to college preparatory The enrollment i n .
the public school s i s over and in other schoo l s about con
s t i t u t i n g alto g ethe r nearly a fi fth o f t h e enti re population The Universi ty .
o F M innesot a one o f the large s t i n th e country every y ear gaining in com

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p l e t e n es s o f equipment i s si tuated j ust outsi de the city s border and o n e

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department the S chool o f Agriculture with its experiment farm i s

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w ithi n the ci ty limits The St Paul I nstitute o f A rts and Sciences a

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recently establi she d but power ful organi zation i s working along the ,
most advance d lines to rai se the standard o f educationa l methods as well

as o f arti stic and l iterary culture .
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The history o f the city s progress i n educational matters has been
fai rly well preserved A fond parent ai di ng a puz zled son w ith hi s
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algebra o ften finds that a plus b divi ded by x square equa l s some
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things that have enti rely fade d from hi s memory but the everyday events ,
o f hi s school days divorced from the tedium o f multiplication and syntax

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and the orthography o f p olysyllables have a human i nterest that i s u h ,
forgotten and u n f o r g etab l e The p ioneer chi ldren o f earliest St Paul

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some o f them stil l i n the fl esh preserve d thei r traditions ; th ei r chi ldren
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and grandchildren made printed reco rds .
S T PA U L S F IRST SC H OO L S
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In 1 84 5 M rs Matilda Rumsey e stabli shed a small S chool fo r chil dren
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in a log buil ding on the bottom near the upper levee Thi s was the first .
school o f any ki nd in St Paul At that time there were only about

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4 54 S T P AU L AN D VI C I N ITY
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thi rty fami lies i n the place hal f breeds and all and there were but few ,
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scholars i n attendance On the 2 d of June o f that year M rs Rumsey .

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ma rried Alexande r M ege a Frenchman and the school was di scontinued , , .
Shortly a fterward an attempt was made by M r S Cow den J r to r e . .

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open the Rumsey school but the ente rpri se was soon abandoned No , .
records remai n o f eithe r o f the se epi sodes ; hence M i ss B i shop s title to ’
the primacy .
I n 1 84 7 under the auspice s o f the B oard o f National Popula r E du

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cation with a comm ission w hi ch covered the entire extent o f territory

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betwee n Wisconsi n an d the Rocky M ountai ns north o f I owa down to
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the North Pole M iss Harriet E B ishop opene d w hat mu st be regarded
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as the first regu lar E ngli sh school i n S t Paul S he thus describes he r . .
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p rimitive schoolhouse : On a commandi ng po int whic h i s now the c o r ,
ner o f St Pete r and Thi r d streets stood a log hovel w ith bark roo f and
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mu d c h i n k i n g s i n si ze I O by 1 2 feet ; a lim ited space i n one corner w as

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occupied by a stick chimney a n d a mud fi replace This room had i n its .

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early days served consecutively the triple use o f dwelling stable an d

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bla c ksmith shop When the shaky doo r swung back o n its w ooden h inges
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to admi t the week day school the Dakotas at once c o m p l i m e n t i ve l y dubbed ,

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i t good book woman s house From roo f and w alls came the fra ’
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g r a n c e o f cedar bough s which had charmed hideousne ss into a rural ar ,
bo r O n three si de s o f the i nteri or o f thi s humble l og cabin pegs were

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d riven into the logs upon which boards were lai d fo r seats Another ,
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seat was made by placing one en d o f a plank between the crack s o f the
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logs and the othe r upon a chai r Thi s was for vi sito rs
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The school opened early in August w ith nine pup ils only two o f ,
whom we re w h ite Nearly all o f the seven othe rs wore blankets Thi s
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proportion o f pu re white s and those with more or le ss o f I ndian blood

was maintained for some time E ven when the attendance reache d forty
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only eight o f the numbe r were pu re whites Only the elementary .
branche s were taught The Goo d Book Woman labored faith fully i n .
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the d ischarge o f her dutie s B ible reading was practice d daily I n a . .
few months the number o f scholars had increased to fo rty two -

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F IRST P U B L I C SC H OO L H OUS E
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Au gu st 1 848 by th e ai d o f c itizens and the resi dent o ffice rs o f
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Fort Snell ing a smal l but neat school house was e recte d near the north
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west co rner o f St Peter and Third streets The bui lding was also used
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fo r chu rc h purpo se s The task o f rai sing fund s to pay for thi s house
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was not an easy one A ladie s sew ing society ai ded very mate rially in .
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the work There were eight members o f thi s sew ing society and the
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names o f five o f them have been handed down to u s They were M i ss .
B ishop M i ss Harriet Patch M rs Henry Jackson M rs John R I rvine

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and M rs J W Bass M rs Bas s still l ive s i n S t P aul What a marvel

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ous trans formation i n educational methods and processes has thi s good
l ady witne ssed Thi s struggling littl e school compri sed all of M inne
s o t a s educational facil itie s w hich have expande d i nto a great s y stem o f
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scho ol s college s and universities wi th an i nvested school fund n o w

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amounting to a n d destined ultimately to reach , ,
The ladie s met w ith succe ss i n earning mone y fo r the bu ilding and
received fi fty dollars f rom the o fficers at Fort Snelling The l ot was .
a don a tion f rom John R I rvine The spec ified obj ect o f the building . .
was the accommodation o f the school chu rch court occasional l ec . . ,

ST P AU L A N D V I C I N I TY
. 455
tures elections and all publi c assemblages

, I t was expected that an .
expenditure o f three hundred dollars on a building 2 5 by 30 feet would

su f fice for at least ten years T h e house w a s use d for the various pur .
poses designated u n ti l 1 8 5 1 when some o f the religious denominations ,
had churche s o f thei r own I t was burned in the fire o f August 1 8 57 .

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which swept the enti re north si de o f Thi rd street between M arket and
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S t Peter Prior to its d e structi on having become the property of the

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school district and a debt o f eighty dollars incurred i n its construction

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remaining unpaid through the neglect indi sposition or inabi lity o f the , ,
ci tizens to pay the school tax it had been sold for debt , .
P ION EE R P UB L I C SC H OO L TE A C H E R S
The legislative assembly o f 1 849 enacted a law for the establ ishment
a n d suppo rt o f common schools but ow ing to the fact that the citizens ,
failed to elect school trustees at the general election no legal organi za ,
tion was e ffected that year The first meeting o f citi zens in re ference to .
education hel d in St Paul was o n the evening o f D ecember 1 1 849 at

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which a provisional committee o n schools was appoi nted consisting o f ,
Wi lliam H Forbes E dmund Rice E D N eill J P Parsons and B F

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H oyt Thi s comm ittee engage d Rev M r H obart to teach a school for
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boys in the Methodist church on M arket street beginning D ecember l oth , .
M i ss B i sh op was engaged to teach o n Bench street and M i ss S c o fi e l d ,
was engaged to teach in a school bu il ding to be erected i n lower town .
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These teache rs were engaged until such time as a legal organization
o f one or more school di stricts shall take place but not to exceed three ,
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months The compensation allowe d w as three dollars per scholar by
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the quarter The provi si onal committee on school s resolved that the n ec
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es sary fuel for the several schools be obtained by subscription and w hen
del ivered that the young men o f the place be requ ested to meet at a
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given time and cut the same for use .
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Mis s S c o fi el d s school was on Jackson street near Si xth in a one story , ,
frame building 1 8 by 3 6 feet in area The lot was donate d by Will iam .
H Randall and the buil ding was pai d for by subscriptions There were
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now three schools w ith room for one hundre d and fi fty pupils M i ss
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Juli a A B arnum a fterwards Mrs S P Fol som taught thi s school in

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1 8 50 and D A J B aker in 1 8 51
. . In that year M r Baker for forty
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years afterwards prominent in local poli tics got a bi ll through the legi s ,
l at u r e authorizing the trustee s o f school di strict N o 2 to con fer college .
degrees Against thi s M r Neill protested i n hi s report as superintendent

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o f school s i n the following year decl aring the law a burlesque an d an

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i n fringement on the prerogatives o f the regents o f the State University .
We have not been able to learn that the trustee s ever con ferred an v
degrees o r that the law has ever been repealed
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H IGH SC H OO L A N D B OA RD OF E D U C ATIO N
In 1 8 52 a
high school w a s establi shed and G H Spencer elected p rin . .
c i pa l
. The room hi red for the purpose was the thi rd floor o f S t e e s and
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Hunt s furniture store corner o f Thi rd and M innesota streets There , .
were also fou r primary school s taught by M i sses B i shop So rin Me rrill , ,
and E sson I n 1 8 53 the public schools were taught by Mi ss B i shop Mr s

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Parker and M i ss E sson During the w inter o f 1 8 53 4 Horace Bigel ow .

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later a prominent lawyer o f the city taught the school o n Jackson street , ,
4 56 ST P AUL A ND V I C I N ITY
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and when his salary became due the treasury being empty the trustees , ,
borrowed the money to pay him at two and a hal f per cent per month .
I n 1 8 56 an act was pas sed making St Paul one school district and .
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creating The B oard o f E ducation o f the city o f St Paul to consi st .

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o f nine members three from each ward The mayo r and presi dent o f
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the council by p rovi sio n o f thi s ac t were declared ex o ffic i o school i h

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spectors The boar d organize d i n J une o f that y ear and consi sted o f
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the following members : M ayor George L B ecker and p resident o f the .

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council William L Ames ; H E Baker Theo dore French P O Fur

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ber W i ll iam R M arshall Rev E D N eill Rev A M Torbit Par

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ke r Paine a nd E C Palmer When the board o rganized they found

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neither funds no r buildings in thei r p ossessi on .
S C H OO L H OUS ES OF T H E F IFTI E S
The Washington schoolhouse was e rected i n 1 8 57 under the direction ,
o f M essrs Paine Torbit an d Furber at a cost o f

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an d w as dedi ,
c a t e d August 3 1 s t o f that year I n order to have the house as large and .
commodious as seeme d desi rabl e Parker Paine advanced the boar d ,
Many complaine d that the building was too large an d even larger
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than the necessitie s o f the tow n woul d eve r requi re B ut so rapi d was .
the growth o f the school popul ation that two m ore bui ldings were r e
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quire d the follow ing year .
Next came the Adams school house at T enth and Robert streets , ,
wh ich was erected i n 1 8 58 at a cost o f about and dedi cate d N o

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ve m b e r I 3 The Je ff erson school was al so c omplete d thi s year and dedi

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c a t e d a few weeks a fter the Adams It f ronted on Pleasant avenue -

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had about th e seati ng capacity o f the Adams cost substantially the same , ,
but was the more elegant structure The cost o f the site was $300 i n .
c ity orders The buil ding burned i n June 1 866 and the schoolhouse was
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subsequently rebuilt on anothe r site at an e xpense o f si x times the origi

nal cost o f construction All the schoolhouses thu s p rovi ded were soon
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filled to overflowing O n January 3 1 1 8 59 the average daily atten d

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ance was reported to be 68 2 .
S UP E RI NT E N D E NT S OF P UB L I C SC H OO L S
Upon the organi zation o f the board i n 1 8 56 Rev E D Neill was , . . .
chosen secretary and treasu rer whi ch o ffi ce he hel d by annual reelection ,
unti l h is re si gnation in M arch 1 860 H is successor was Rev John ,

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Mattock s who continued to act as secretary and superintendent until

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September 1 8 7 2 D r M attocks was not only an able educator but was

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very e f ficient i n hi s p osition a n d his long term o f service— a period o f ,
more than eleven years— i ndicate s hi s popularity Hi s salary was at .
fi rst $ 500 per annum but i t was subsequently increased to $ 600 D u r

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ing hi s term as superintendent he was pasto r o f the Fi rst Presbyterian

chu rch and faith fully discha rged th e duties o f both positi ons He died .
in N ovembe r 1 8 7 5 , .
I n 1 8 66 a separate school was es tabli she d fo r the colore d youth o f

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the city wh ich i n 1 869 was aban doned by v i rtue o f a l aw o f the state
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wh ich made it a penal o ff ense to maintai n such a sch ool .
Gradually the organi zation o f the sch ool s wa s i mproved and i n 1 8 6 7 ,
there was a general exami nation o f candidate s for teachers S ince that .
date w ith rare exceptions no teachers have been allow ed to enter o n

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ST PAUL A ND VI C I N ITY
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the work o f instruction i n our schools w ithout having passed a satis

factory exami n ation .
I n September 1 8 72 George M Gage became superintendent o f

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school s and for the fi rst time i n the hi story o f St Paul schools the
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superintendent was requi re d to give hi s whole time to the work I n .
September 1 874 M r Gage was succeeded as superi ntendent by Rev

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L M Burrin gton who i n 1 8 78 gave place to B F Wright a graduate

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o f Union College who brought to hi s work riper scholarsh ip and wider

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p ro fessional experience than any o f hi s predecessors H e was t h e first .
superi ntendent a fter the establi shment o f the high school whos e scholar
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ship was adequate to its intelligent supervi si on Maj or Wright served .
as superintendent until Septembe r 1 886 when he was succeeded by Pro f , ,

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S S Taylor who di ed M arch 1 8 1 889 H is S uccessor Pro f Charle s B

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Gi lbert formerly principal o f the high school whose tenure continued

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until 1 8 98 The Board o f School I nspectors in 1 91 2 i s composed o f

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A E H orn presi dent ; D W a l l bl o m v ice p resi dent ; W H E gan E mi l

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Geist O E Holman W E B o er i n ge r and M iss M ary Cunningham

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Octave Savard is secretary I n 1 91 2 Pro f A L Heeter who had served .

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for six years with great public acceptance as city superintendent o f

school s acqui ring di stinction as a constructive e ducator and executive
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manager resigned Pro f M ilton C Potter succeede d him as s u p e r i n

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tendent .
TH E S T P AU L H IGH SC H OO L .
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The St Paul High School which i s an integral part o f the city s pub
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lic school system was practically in its incipiency in 1 868 though it had
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been in exi stence for some years p reviously I n that year B E Wright . . .
was made principal and found only about a dozen pupil s Thi s year the .
fi rst publ i c examinati on for the admi ssion of pupils w as held and tw o ,
classes were formed i n the third story o f the Frankl i n school building .
M rs H M Haynes was made assi stant Up t o thi s time no regular

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course o f study had been p rescribed fo r thi s department but under ,
Pro fessor Wright it was thoroughly reconstructed and made available for
any pupil desi ring an advance d educati on The school grew rap idly in .
numbers and in popular favor from the first In 1 8 72 the high schoo l .
was remove d to the corne r o f Seventh and Jackson streets I n 1 88 3 the .
building was erected at the corner o f M inne sot a and Tenth streets An .
additi on o f fourteen room s was made in 1 888 Pup il s were receive d in .
thi s school from all pa rts o f the city The cou rse o f study I S very thor .
ough and complete embracing generally the higher E ngl ish branches as
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wel l as L atin Greek German French music etc The full course occupies
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fou r years There are fully equippe d laboratories for the study o f
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hysics c h emi stry and the b iological sciences ; i ndeed all the instruction
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i n these courses i s conducted on the laborato ry lan students doing

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the work and teachers gui ding and aiding Thi s i s as true i n history .
and literature as i n chemi stry and the result 1 5 seen in the ready power ,
which the student gains to attack an d maste r new problems .
In 1 905 th e capacity o f the high school building was so outgrown that

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temporary branch schools were establi she d 1 n other l ocalities and i n 1 909
the erection o f four new high school buildings was commenced i n wi dely ,
se p arated districts When the se are all completed and occup ied they
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will with the manual training schools and the teachers training school
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form a schoo l system where the chil dren o f rich a n d poo r al ike can ac
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quire a thor ough education State o i c i al reports for 1 91 1 show that the
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458 ST PAU L AN D V I C I N I TY
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number o f high schools in M innesota has increased 80 pe r cent a n d t h e

gain i n high school enrollment has been 1 3 4 pe r cent during the last ten
y ears That i s an encou raging development The high school pupils i n
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the state last yea r numbered or per cent o f al l the population .
The re we re graduate d an i ncrease o f ove r the total fo r the

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preceding year The reports also S how that there not only i s improve
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ment in the e xtent but the quality o f i nstruction the young people o f the
state a re rece iving M anual trai ni ng is p rovi de d in 1 48 o f the 2 07 high
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schools o f th e state and i nstruction i n agriculture i s given i n 7 3 .
P R E S E NT P U B L I C SC H OO L S YST E M
The public schools o f the c ity a re classi fied into five grades v i z ,
The p rimary the inte rme diate the gramma r school s the manual train
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ing school an d the high school The p rimary schools are divi ded i nto.
two grades the fi rst an d second ; the i ntermediate into four grades de
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nominated the thi rd fourth fi fth and si xth ; the grammar into two grades
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the seventh a n d eighth The manual training school i s under the super
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vi sion o f a p rinci pal and a full course occupi es th ree years The high .
school s are unde r the supervi si on o f principal s and the full cou rse o f study
occupies fou r years All o f these schools are under stringent but wh ol e
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some regulati on s They a re for the sole purpose o f imparting thorough

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scholastic educati on an d moral training to the pupil s Nothing i s per .
m i t t e d that may have a tendency to impai r thei r efficiency The teach .
ers are p rohibited from awarding medal s o r other pri zes to the pupil s .
and from rece iv ing a n y p re sents or testimonials by subsc ription at the

hands o f those under thei r charge They are requi red not to inter fe re .
i n any manner w ith the religi on o f the i r pupi ls NO collection o r sub .
sc ription for a n y purpose c a n be taken up i n any o f the school s Regu .
lar monthly and annual reports are re q u ired from the princ ipal s show
ing the condi tion o f thei r several school s givi ng the enrollment ave rage , ,
attendance standing o f the pupil s et c The superinten dent i s al so r e

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qui red to submit to the board reports at the e n d o f each month and
te rm a n d at the close o f each year
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The publ ic sch ool s o f the city repre sent property worth nearly four
million dollars They co st the ci ty nearly a million dollars a year to
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maintain a n d employ about seven hund red a n d fi fty teachers w hose

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salarie s range f rom $450 to In p rogre ssive a n d mode rn methods

these school s are fully abrea st o f the times and are every yea r wi dening ,
thei r scope and developi ng new l ine s o f work Cou rses i s domestic .
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science we re e stabl i she d i n 1 91 2 in the A dams J e fl e r s o n Clevelan d and , .
Crowl e y school s Oth er grade school s had thi s course p revi ou sly
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M ore and m ore the school an d the schoolhouse i s becoming a n impo rtant
facto r in the l i fe o f t h e city and extending its i nfluence to the manners ,
m oral s habits of thought a n d m ode o f l ivi ng o f the child ren and through
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them reaching families .
G reat advance s a re being made i n school construction ; a n d the new

high school s have embodied the late st i dea s in thi s type o f building .
Clarenc e H Johnston the a rchitect o f the fin e new Central H igh school

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made a careful study o f the best educational buil dings i n many o th e i

ci tie s and thi s school now complete d and occupie d besides being an
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e xceptionally handsome st r uctu re i s sanitary fi reproof l ight and c o n

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v en i e n t I n additi on to the twenty si x 1 ec i t a t i o n room s and ample lec ,
ture room s an d laborato r i es i t has an auditorium 7 2 b y 86 feet wi th a ,

ST P AU L AN D V I C I N ITY
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balcon y and with a stage

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y 57 feet It h a s dressi ng scen e and .
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p rope rty rooms ; a l a r ge gymnas i um with S hower and dressing rooms : a

students lunch room with kitchen and pantry and all manner o f room s
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for domestic an d manual training i ncluding kitchen and dining rooms , ,
sew ing room machine shop forge room and foundry I t co st a mi lli on
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an d a quarter dollars a n d i s a buil ding o f which n o t the school board

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alone but the entire city may well be proud

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The large space i n the new Central High school devoted to the audit
o r i u m emphasi zes the grow ing tendency to make the school the cente r
o f social l i fe fo r the young people Just as the groun ds are equipped a s .
playgrounds to be use d a fter school hours an d du ring vacation so the ,
students are encourage d to use the building fo r e ntertainments o f al l

sorts as well as outsi de classe s and lectures
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The progress o f the school system o f St Paul f rom 1 84 7 8 to 1 91 2 .

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has been i n full p roportion to the advancement o f the city itsel f B e .
tween M iss B ishop s l ittl e school i n the ol d blacksmith shop wi th i ts

’
,
’
dilapi date d floor a n d shaky door its rude furniture and i ts baker s dozen ,
o f hal f breed and hal f civili zed pupi ls to the fi f t y si x magnificent strue
- -
,
-
tures o f today and the nearly ,

pupils i n dail y attendance upon
them there i s a contrast w hich forms a subj ect for i nte re sting r eflec
,
tion It i s in i t essential aspects the contrast between barbari sm and

.
, ,
a high civil ization I t marks the advance to l o ftier i deal s a recognition

.
-
that
Y e h av e p l o w e d y e h ave s o w e d , a n d t h e h a rve s t s h a l l b e o f i t s k i n d ;
,
W h at y e s o w e d y e s h a ll g a th er an d g ri n d ;
W h at y e g ri n d y e s h al l b ak e , s aith th e L o r d , an d , o r b i tt e r o r s w e et ,
I n t h e d ay s th at s h all b e , y e s h all ea t .
A n d y e t h at h ave d r a med o ff t h e l a u g h f ro m t h e m o u th s o f t h e p o o r ,
Y e s h all kn o w that m y c o m i n g i s s u re .
An d y e th a t have p o i s o n e d t h e s tr e n g th o f t h e c h i l d r en o f m e n ,
W h a t c ave rn s w i ll c o v e r y e t h en ?
I t i s all embraced i n the gr eat scheme o f things allude d to i n a recent

’
sermon by D r Samuel G Sm ith o f the People s church St Paul :
,
. .
,
.
“
Thi s worl d i s the raw material o f a per fect civilization People have .
had to work to make our civ ilization as good as i t is now but they w ill ,
have to work a thousand time s harder to achieve the civil ization we

ought to have I n ou r civ ilization some seem to thi nk that the best way
.
,
i s for a few to h ave nearly everything an d the rest nothing and that .
,
f rom time to time the rich shoul d div ide up and give to the poor But .
thi s helps little The best gi ft man c an give to man i s a real sense o f
.
human brotherhood Give him an exa mple— show him how to do things ;
.
’ ”
that s the be st service you ca n render .
F OR T H OS E W H O M UST CU T T H E IR S C H OO L I N G
Wi th a view to achiev ing t he greate st possibl e good f rom the grade
school s there i s under consideration a plan for a readj ustment o f
,
course s of study i n the interest o f pupil s who never complete the high
school curriculum Th e proposition i s based on the fact that only a
.
small percentage o f the grade pupils complete the high school course ;
that its length i s a discouragement and an obstacle in the way o f thei r ,
getting as much out o f the Publi c school as they ought to get or would ,
get i f it were operated with l arger consideratio n for their needs and
pre ference s .
460 ST PAUL A N D V I C I N ITY
.
What the originators o f thi s plan desi red was to p i o v i d e a course o f

study whi ch shoul d be properly balance d and adapted to the needs o f
boys and gi rls w ho quit school about the ni nth grade or the end o f the first
year i n the high school I t contemplates the introduction o f manual
.
trai ning dome stic science an d the elements o f a commerc ial course a s
,
early as the seventh grade the pupil s from the seventh to the ninth to ,
be take n care o f m what has been spoken o f as intermediate schools thus ,
rel ievi n 0g the crowded conditions o f both the grade and the high school s
w ithout i nter fe ring w ith the work o f ei ther so that pupil s who wi sh to ,
complete the regular high school cou rse p reparatory to col lege o r univer
s i ty may do so .
A simi lar enl ightened policy has d ictate d the opening by the St , .
Paul board o f e ducation o f a continuation sch ool for pupi ls under S i x

'
teen years o f age w ho are compelle d to work and who have not completed
the grade course i n the publi c school s Th is i s an important provi si on .
o f the compulsory e ducation law and its strict en forcement i s essential

to the p rotection o f the w orking child ren .
Unde r the p ropose d system the worki ng chil dren who com e within
the provi sions o f the law w ill be given certain hou rs each day in school
i n o rder to do the study equ ivalent to a completi on o f the grade course
i n the publ ic school s The cooperation o f empl oyers by which the l ittle
.
,
toi lers will not lose any o f thei r w ages while attend ing the school for a
few hou rs each day i s an important feature o f the plan an d shoul d be
,
secu red without di f ficulty B oth the chil dren and their employers wil l
.
derive ultimate bene fit by compl iance with the term s o f the plan I t i s .
un fortunate that chil dren un der si xteen years of age shoul d be compelled
to become wage earners but the evi l s of th e conditi on w ill be greatly
,
lessened by successful conduct o f the continuation school .
Th i s i s a practi cal progre ssive age We buil d buildings an d make

, .
mach inery to fit the purposes required We save time and effort every .
where we c a n We buil d machinery that i s a marvel o f i ngenuity sim

.
,
p l i c i t f
y and e ficiency We take th e curves out o f ol d rail roads ; lop o fl
.
c
every pound o f u seless weight everyw here w e c an ; simpl i fy co rrect , ,
imp rove standardi ze But in many school s they are stil l lug ging o n
'
.
,
ward the burden o f th e dead and buried past ; still goi ng back years
to fi n d a dead l anguage to teach ou r l iving ones f rom ; still emphasi zing
cul tural subj ects to the di sadvantage o f those that fitted di rectly fo r
’
earning one s l iving The educat o rs and o f ficers o f sch ool boards and
.
tax pa y ers at large have for some time been consi dering the best means
-
o f b e n e fitt i n g to the utmost possibl e extent the ninety S i x out o f every

, ,
-
one hundre d grade school pupil s who n eve r get into a college or univer ,
s i ty . I t i s highly p robable and highly approp riate that St Paul S hall .
be among the fi rst cities to solve the knotty p roblem— o u r responsible

school authori tie s havi ng so resolve d .
The night schools the manual traini ng school s the continua

, ,
tion school s the special courses in high schools a n d the n e w

, ,
Art Institute e ducational scheme a re al l steps i n the right ,
directi on Attenti on i s given to domestic sci ence— c ooking housework

. , ,
housekeeping and sewing ; to s h o p w ork ; to a fternoon and evenin g work

,
along these l ine s in the h igh school bui ldi ngs A n evenin g indu strial .
school has long been carrie d o n at the Mechani c A 1 ts H i h school g .
Summer grammar and h igh school course s fo r special work have been
opened cont i nuing si x w eeks Vacation school s wh ich p rovi de use ful.
occupati on rather than w ork no book s being u sed have been main , ,
S T PAUL AN D VI C I N I TY
. 46 1
ta i n e d with marked success si nce the summer o f 1 908 The school .
gardens have p roved an element o f great interest and benefit and their ,
p roducts w ere exhibited at the State Fair C i rculating libraries are mai n
.
t a i n e d by the City Library i n the elementary schools and books ,
were thus ci rculated last year representi ng a p ractical extension of the

,
public l ibrary system the importance o f which S t Paul i s one o f the

,
.
first cities to appreci ate .
P H Y S I C A L CO N S E RV ATIO N A N D S A F E TY
The systematic attention pai d to sanitary and physical condi tions by
the medical i nspector w ith a corps o f traine d nurses has been the means
o f solving som e of the most perplexi ng o f the problems con fronting the
educator ; and backwardness idleness o r apparent stup i di ty are o ften
,
found to have thei r o rigi n i ri congenital defects illness or malnutrition , ,
cause s which ca n in many cases be overcome A new fiel d i s opening up .
to the publi c school system i n p roviding special departments for ex

c e pt i o n a l chil dren i nclu di ng not alone thos e w ho are so deficient tha t
,
they gai n little Or nothing from the ordinary grade w ork and requi re i n
struction adapted to thei r i ndivi dual aptitude s but also those chil dren ,
who are able to cover the ground mo re rap idly than the average student ,
and those who desire to S pend more time on the practical trai ni ng that
wil l fit them for p roductive work .
The school authorities in St Paul have been alive to the impor

.
tance o f fireproo f construction in school bui ldings All o f the high schools .
are fi reproo f an d t he grade schools constructe d i n r ec en t y ea r s have ‘
been partially or w holly y built o f fireproo f or S low combustible m aterial .
The re form i s helped by the fact that l umbe r i s constantly grow ing
more expensive as compare d w ith cement an d othe r fir e p r o o fin g mate
,
rials . The sav ing i n i nsurance an d repairs makes the fireproo f school
more economical i n the long run The sa fety o f chil dren however i s
.
, ,
the first essential and i s to be p rovi ded w ithout reference to the c o m ,
p a r a t i ve co st between fi re traps and firep roo f buildings .
’
Thus with all thei r drawbacks the city s public schools have been
, ,
m aking heroic e ff orts i n the past few years to meet the needs o f pupil s .
E ducation especially along i ndustrial l i n e s ha s done wonders to keep

, , _
boys i n school until thei r trai ning i s fairly well rounded The school s .
,
o n the whole are better than ever be fo re A large n u mbe r o f pup ils
,
.
not interested i n books but anxious to do things w ith their hands now
, ,
fo r the fi rst time find a place In the school s .
TH E L ITT L E R ED S C H OO L
’
The public sch ool s i n St Paul s fl ouri shing suburbs w ill be r e
. .
,
ferre d to i n connection w ith thei r respective locations Th e di strict or
"
.
,
C ountry schools i n the farming regions adj acent to the city get an i m ,
p e tu s f rom the splendi d obj ect lessons constantly vi sible so near at hand .
Much prai seworthy sentiment clu sters aroun d the little re d school Our .
e steemed local rhymer Larry Ho sings o f i t :
The li ttle red school with its one l ittle room

So close to the earth i t coul d w innow the bloom
O f the w il d rose that b reathe d its sweet bre ath on the day
-
Like th e breath o f that rose i t goes dri fting away

4 62
'
It
I t had such a habit o f mothering M en
I t was certainly shy on Greek L ati n a n d Art
ST P AU L A N D V I C I N I TY
may have been crude and old fashioned but then
But it soake d simple goodness an d faith i n the heart

.
Seve ral state s i ncluding M i nnesota are trying to measurably put the
,
,
-
,
,
" ,
little red schoolhouse out o f bu siness The general i dea is to consoli date .
s ome contiguous di stricts a n d n o t only to p rovi de better equipment a n d
i nstruction but to bu il d a rural schoolhouse i n a n attractive setting o f ,
lawn and trees that w il l look as though it meant something besi des mere
,
shelter from rain— a bui lding that may arouse sentiments o f unity and
o f local p ri de a n d inci dentally suggest to the passing e ye that a n L i s not
“
the last w ord in architectu re I t may cost a little more ; but the p ri de .
”
o f the ci ties i s not mere vanity or waste The rural di stricts nee d m ore .
o f this sort o f pr ide ; and they c a n w el l a f ford to pay for it espec ially ,
when the state helps them generously .
The d istrict school s because of thei r isolation a n d thei r support by

,
only a small territory cannot make the desi red c hange s alone The way
,
.
out i s by consol idating seve ral adj oi ning d istricts Con soli dated dis .
t r i c t s pooli ng thei r funds c a n e rect large r buil dings obtain complete r

, , ,
equipment employ better teachers a n d broaden a n d improve the course

,
o f instruction To encourage the extensio n o f thi s work this state has

.
p rovi de d for special state ai d to such consoli date d di stri cts When more .
o f the rural school di stricts o f M i nnesota take advantage o f thi s o ppo r

t u n i ty the rush of country boys a n d girl s to the cities for a n e ducation
,
wil l be checked and n o longer will the land be robbed so extensively o f

,
the men a n d women who are best fitte d to wo rk a n d to add to the wealth
and insu re the economic balance o f the nation .
Governor E berhart o f Minnesota after a care ful study o f this scheme , ,

“
gives it thi s unqual ifie d endorsement i n a new spape r i nterview : I thor
oughly bel ieve the consoli dated school i s the solution o f rural e ducation ,
and w ill put it on a stan dard w ith the city The fi rst cost to the county .
or distri ct seem s a bit large but considered i n the l ight o f the futu re i t
,
i s little I find that attitude grow ing I intend to give my support to

. .
the proj ect and hope consol i dated school s will be establi she d i n scatte red
,
parts o f the state Once unde r way I have no doubt the plan w ill be
.
, ,
generally adopte d .
Ram sey county has a superintendent o f schools who se j uri sdiction

extends to all the publ ic school s outsi de the city lim its o f S t Paul The . .
teachers an d pupil s o f these school s meet e n mas se at certain i nterval s .
i n North St Paul or White Bear w he re v e r v i ntere sting competitive

.
,
exerci ses are had w ith marked benefit to all ,

.
P RI V AT E A ND S E L E C T S C H OO L S
Suppleme nting the excellent a n d e xten sive publ ic school system St ,
.
Paul has about S i xty private and select school s parochial schools semi , .
narie s a n d academi es w ith a n estimated attendance of ,

The schools
connected w ith the Cathol ic church are re f erre d to i n the chapter cover
ing that subj ect The L utheran chu rch al so maintains separate ente r
.
prises There are several succe ss ful bu siness school s a n d colleges The
.
.
E leanor M iller School o f E xpre ssion i s doi ng admi rable work al ong
special l ine s .
Oak Hall i s a l arge and popular boarding a n d day sch ool f or gi rl s

46 4 S T PAUL A ND VI C I N I TY
.
ginning i n Octobe r courses i n elementary and hig h school and university

,
sub j ects a n d in the trades the classes being hel d evenings so as to ac

,
commodate boys and gi rl s who have had to give up regular schools to go

to wo rk ; men and women who are bu sy daytimes i n offi ces S hop s f ac , ,
torie s o r homes ; teache rs ; women o f lei sure — i n sho rt all ambitiou s per ,
sons who wi sh to imp rove themselves i n order to increase thei r skill and
thei r wage s The new scheme has been placed unde r the general supe r
.
vi si on o f Pro fessor Julian C B ryant w hose long and emi nently success .
,
ful career as a n educator i n St Paul gives assurance o f energetic intel .

, ,
l i g e n t management .
Credits will be given fo r all complete d w ork exactly as though it ,
were done in the corresponding day cla sses in the public schools or the
u nive rsity The combination w ill give S t Paul a common school and
. .
higher educati onal system which wi ll n o t exclude any one young or old ,
.
I t w ill make the city e ducationally eminent .
For several years the St Paul I nstitute has conducted evening courses .
i n elementary high school and i ndustrial subj ects in additio n to i ts art

, ,
school and has added thou san ds to the wages o f workers i n the c ity
, .
These classes have been held i n variou s school buildings N ow how .

,
eve r al l the work o f the I nstitute — and the w hole new supplementary
education plan wi ll be unde r I nstitute ausp ice s— w ill be concentrated in
the new M echanics Arts high school bui lding a magnificent structure r e ,
c e n t l y e rected by t h e c ity at Robert street and Central avenue where ,
thi s splend i d i nstitution which has been largely developed to its pre sent
,
fine propo rtions by i t s p r i n c i p a l Pro f Weitbrecht i s at last adequately

_ , .
,
hou sed .
I n that buil ding more than a th ousand— pos sibly or

young m e n and women and adults w il l assemble f or thei r classes i n ,
every department o f in struction p rovide d i n the daytime by the publ ic

school s and the f reshman and sophomore years at the State University .
“
Youngsters wi ll w restle with the th ree R s ; fore i gn e rs will per fect ’
thei r knowledge o f the E nglish language ; young men an d women w ill

study higher mathematic s language s science s business courses includ, , , ,
i n g sho rthand typewriting bookkeeping a n d bu si ne ss l aw ; cra ftsmen

, ,
w ill take machine shop w ork mechani cal drawing S heet metal work elec , , ,
t r i c i ty
,
plumbing and ventilating architectural drawing and S imilar ,
course s and those seek ing a college training w ill take the u n i v er s i t v
,
course s such as economics l ite ratu re geology languages hi story pub

. , , , , ,
lic speak ing p sycholo gy sociology accounting advertising salesman

, , , , ,
ship an d commercial credi t .
The aim o f the I nstitute a n d o f the university extension bureau i s

t o take al l o f thi s e ducati on to the peopl e at a very mode rate cost .
They have been abl e to real ize thi s aim because o f the c o operation o f -
the St Paul sch ool board I n the past the board has p rovi ded c er
. .
tain school bu il di ngs heate d and l ighted fo r I nstitute classe s recog

, ,
” “
n i z i n g i n them a n e f fective continuation sch ool reaching thousands
o f work ing peopl e— ch ildren and adults— wh o otherwi se w ould be
unable to get schooling L ast y ea r alone the I nstitute classes had
“
.
more than members .
The e xpense o f a physical plant thus el iminated and the Institute ,
hearing most o f the expense o f se curing teachers the tuition fee s ,
have been reduce d to a very m oderate fi gu re And thu s has been .
achieved by intelligen t and persi stent c o ope ration one o f the most
,
-
.
p rom i si ng educational enterpri ses the cit y has ever kno w n .

C HA P T E R X LI I I
C OLL E G E S A ND U N I V E RS I TI E S
G E RM OF H IGH E R E D U C ATION — DEV E L OP M E NT OF H IGH A ND P R E

PARATORY SC H OO L S— TH E U N IV E RSITY OF M I N N E SOTA— T H E A GRI
C U L TURA L CO LL E G E— H A M L I N E U N I V E RSITY— M A CA L ES TER CO LL E G E
— F I E LD FO R S MA LL E R I N S I TU TI O NS .
The subj ect o f Highe r E d ucation takes on an aspect i n the twen

t i et h century very d i ff erent from t h at w h i c h it bore only a few decades
p reviously . Governor and University Pre si dent Woodrow Wilson o f
“
N ew Jersey S aid in an address at St Pau l in M ay 1 91 1 : The nati on
,
.
,
does not consi st o f its leading men It consi sts o f the whole body o f.
the peopl e You never hear d o f a tree deriving its strength from its
.
”
buds o r its fl owers but f rom its roots
, , Adopting t h at v i ew the higher
.
'
education o f today i s m o r e concerned w ith the man y than wi th the few ;

i s more intent on the general advancement o f the average man an d
woman than on the special advancement o f s o —called and sel f consti
,
-
“ ”
tu t ed leaders in society pol itics o r finance , , .
When Rome w as overwhelmed by the barbarians fourteen hundred

years ago the then exi sting civilization almost all vanished from the
,
earth ; nearly eve rythi ng o f an e ducational nature was swept away .
H ere and there in the monasteries an d other harbors o f re fuge some

, ,
germs o f culture su rvived the S i x hundred years o f the deepest black

ness o f the Dark Ages an d when humanity began at last to l i ft itsel f
,
b u t o f barbarism these germs o f e ducational li fe began to show thei r

,
V ital ity begi nning w ith the e stabl ishment o f Ox ford University about
,
years ago followed by the Universities o f Pari s and B ologna

,
about the year 1 200 .
The establi shment o f certain great centers o f what then passed for
education went on w ith increasing rap i dity throughout E urope con ,
” “
s t i t u t i n g in part what i s know n as the Revival o f Learni ng In its .
fi rst days this revival was a strange thing in that there was so l ittle o f
, ,
store d and garnered knowledge that a student might learn There .
was almost nothing i n the l ine o f use ful arts that might be stu died The
'
.
l an gu ages o f the countries then ex isting were p oorly developed and

about all that remai ned to w h ich aspi ring students might apply thei r
i ntellects was the study o f Greek an d L atin I ndeed al l the learning .
,
o f the time be i ng embalm ed in these languages there was p ractically ,
no door open to the student e xcept by the study o f these ancient tongues .
The re being so few real live actual sub j ects for study the new ly awak
, , ,
e n i n g mind o f humanity sought a field for its activities in the di scussi on
o f wholly useless subj ects such as the i nqui ry i nto how many angels
,
might be able to stand on the point o f a needle '
.
.
I t w as more than four hundred years a fter the e stabli shment o f the
anc ient universities be fore any succe ss ful attempt w as made to spread
e ducati on among the people Century a fter centu ry rolled away a fter .
the universitie s began teaching Latin and G reek a n d debating the size
and physical movements o f angels while mankind remained so ignorant ,
that not even the emperors could read or w rite I n some j uri sdictions .
,
under the benefits o f clergy men who had been convicted o f crime s were ,
excu se d from puni shment i f they were able to read .
G E R M OF H IG H E R E D U C ATION
S omething l ike the mode rn V iew o f e ducation appeared in S we de n
and H olland about 1 600 an d the i ntroduction o f public schools i n Amer
, ,
ica followe d shortly upon the settlement o f the di f ferent portions But .
i n the last fi fty years the eff orts that have been e xpended far excee d
, ,
all that had gone be fo re S o amazingl y p revalent was the belie f i n the
.
superlative importance o f Lati n that the fi rst public school s i n Massa

c h u s e tt s di d not teach pupils how to read E ngl ish The teachers cl aimed .
that i t was not the p rovi nce o f E ngl i sh school s to teach the E ngli sh
langu age I n the i r view the glory that was Greece and the grandeu r
.
,
that was Rome coul d only be assimilated into the soul structure o f -
pup il s by a systematic dietary o f antepenultimate s and ablatives ab s o

,
lute .
D E V E L OP M E NT o r H IGH A ND P R E PARATORY SC H OO L S
I n the fi rst hal f o f the n ineteenth century the ol d academy which , ,
succeeded the colonial L atin school wa s the p rincipal i nstitution o f ,
secondary education an d i n most parts o f the country thi s was not i 1 1

,
clude d as a part o f the free publ ic school system That highe r e ducati on .
should be as f ree to the pupil s desi ring it as the branches taught in the
common school s was not a generally accepted theory until a generation
ago N ow howeve r the publ ic high school ha s become thoroughly
.
, ,
e stabl i shed throughout the enti re country The re i s no que stion a s t o .
I ts necessity although its curriculum i s still i n p rocess o f evolution

,
.
The classical high schoo l i s supposed to p repare students di rectly for

college but thi s obj ect i s not s u fli c i en t o r satis factory because the re
, ,
are many pupil s who do not care for any vocational traini ng who a re ,
not going to college and yet must fin d i n the high school cou rse thei r
only education fo r the futu re The regular college p reparatory work .
doe s not supply the degree o f general cultu re desi re d by a large class
o f pupils Many school s are now provi ding a much broader course
.
,
covering p oi nts o f special inte rest by elective cou rses which w ill give ,
.
a w ell rounde d e ducation largely in accordance w ith the i ndivi dual ,
taste o f the pupil .
Thus ou r educational system i s breaking a w ay from t radition ; i s

“
t e n d i n g the ti es that bind it to classical i deal s ; i s ceasing to regard
Greek an d L atin as a n ultimate s i n e q u a n o n The high schools which .
,
pave the way to entering the college and un iversit y are each year open .
ing new path s many o f w hich solicitously avoi d the time honored foun
,
-
tains o f knowledge at wh ich ou r l earned p redece ssors d rank to satiety

giving the rea fte r it must be con fessed a ve ry good accounting to man
, ,
k ind The college s and universi ties are gradually adj usting themselves
.
to the situation Thi s i s nece ssary becau se some o f the impatient high
.
,
school s a re con ferring degrees while the col leges are mak ing strong pro ,
ST ; PAU L A ND V I C I N I TY 4 67
tests upon the subj ect B ut s o long as there i s no legal standard as to .
the requi rements o f baccalaureate degrees there appears to be no way

to debar a high school from a privi lege o ften grante d by special act o f
the state legislature u ntil publ ic sentiment i nduces the authorities o f the
,
school voluntarily to resign thei r p rivilege .
The course o f study in the high schools was develope d i n rathe r a

desultory fashion each locality being a law unto itsel f i n regard to its
,
requirements until within a comparatively recent period E ven the

,
.
len gth o f the high school term was determined largely by the funds in
the local school treasury I t began with one year o f higher studies .
a fte r the gramm ar school an d increase d w ith more or less i rregu l arity
until the full four year high school cou rse has now become practically
-
uni form throughout the nation .
All this i s preliminary to the avowal that i n a community so richly

endowed as St Paul with educational facilities it i s e xceedingly d i ffi
.
,
cult to di ff erentiate the various i nstitutions o f learning— to definitely .
” “
establ ish the l ine between the school and the college or universi ty
,
.
There are twelve colleges and universities located here in addition to ,
numerous seminaries collegiate institutes pro fessional or business i n, ,
s t i t u t i o n s and the four splendi d city high schools re ferred to in the last
preceding chapter E ach o f these i n its own way and within its l eg i t i
.
,
mate sphere i s doing a splendi d w ork ; all are needed and all are wel
,
come The c ity high school s o ff er courses o f study far superior to

.
those r e qui red i n many col leges o f the last generation whose equ ip ,
ment consi ste d chiefly o f a three —foot telescope four ball bats a n d a ,
-
senior class yell Our denominational colleges and universities ran k

.
h i gh i n wise admi ni stration and sound scholarship

_
And the great M in . .
mesota Un iversity in Minneapoli s two miles from the cit y l imits o f ‘

,
St Paul cherishe d w ith pride an d largely attended by our young people

.
, ,
opens its si xteen departments to our unconditione d patronage marshal ,
i ng its five thousand students for our admi ring observation .
TH E U N I V E RSITY OF M I N N E SOTA
The Unive rs ity o f M innesota was establi she d by the constitution o f

the state and endowed by the general government and i s an integral ,
part o f the state system o f public instruction It i s open to both sexes . .
It was organized by an act o f the territorial legi slature o f 1 8 5 1 In .
the period between that date and 1 8 68 the date o f final reorganization ,
and the date from which the university reckons its beginning there ,
were several reorgani zations and a limited amount o f work was o ff ere d ,
in preparatory branches A portion o f the present site was secured i n .
1 8 54 . The p rice pai d for the twenty —fiv e acre s secured at that time
was I n 1 8 58 the regents undertook the erection o f a section
o f the main building For many years thi s bui lding stood with the .
east end cl os ed up wi th rough boards giving it a decid edly barn like ,

-
appearance a sorry monument to mi stak en j udgment I n 1 864 the

,
.
legi slature deci ded that something must be done and appointed a board
o f three regents giving them powe r to sel l ce rtai n speci fied university
,
lands and stump age to pay the university debts Thi s board consi sted
’
o f John S Pill sbury an d O C M eriman o f M inneapol i s an d John N icol s

. . .
o f St Paul So faith fully did they do thei r work that when the legi s
. .
l a tu r e met i n 1 86 7 they were able to report that the debt o f the unive r
s i t y had been practically wi ped out and a considerable porti on o f the ,
V ol . 11 —2
468 ST PAUL AN D V I C I N I TY
.
lands placed at thei r di sposal to satis fy the cre ditors o f the i nstitution
remai ned u nsol d .
The l egi slatu re o f that year vote d for the repai r o f the
buil ding an d commencing a course o f instruction Thi s a c t r eo r ga n i z .
i ng the university was si gne d by the governor February 1 8 1 868 and , ,
i s counte d the real charte r day o f the i nstitution O n the 1 st h day o f .
September 1 869 it was formally opened by the call ing o f the fi rst c o l
, ,
lege classes The total enrolment for that year including preparato ry
.
,
students was 2 1 2 div i de d as follows : 1 3 8 men and 74 women By

, , .
thi s time the legi slature had begun to reali ze that a real un iversity had
come into exi stence and p rovi ded fo r the orga ni zation o f the new
, .
departments o f medici ne an d law The un iversity in its original o r .
ga n i z a t i o n provi ded for all departments that have since been f ormed ,
but no attempt to give in struction i n the line o f law o r medi cine was
made until the fall o f 1 888 I n 1 8 7 3 th e fi rst academi c class two stu
.
,
dents graduated
,
.
PI LL SBURY H A LL STAT E U N I V E RSITY

,
D r W W Folwell who was p resident o f the un ive rsity from i ts

. . .
,
beginning down to 1 884 labore d w i sely and wel l to lay the foundation
,
o f the institution o f which the state i s j ustly p roud M any o f the .
triumphs o f late r days are monuments o f hi s foresight and vigorous

pol icy The year o f 1 884 5 was signal ized by the accession o f P resi dent
.
-
Cyru s N orthrop to the presi dency o f the university What he ach i eved .
i s a matte r o f current hi story Forme r President Folwell retained a .
pro fe ssorship and stil l serves the un ive rsity D r North rop fille d the . .
presi dential chai r w ith di stingui sh ed abi l ity until 1 91 1 when he was suc ,
c e e d e d by D r G E Vi ncent D r Northrop has th e title o f p resident

. . . . .
emeritus .
The university now compri ses th e follow ing named colleges school s ,
and departments : The Graduate Department ; College o f Science Litera ,
ture an d the Arts ; School o f Analytical and Applied Chemistry ; College

o f E ngineering an d the Mechani c Arts ; School o f M ines ; Department
o f Agricul ture i nclu ding the College o f Agricultu re the School o f Agri
, ,
culture the Dai ry School and the Short Course for Farme rs ; College o f
,
ST PAUL AN D VI C I N I TY
. 469
L aw ; C ollege o f M edicine and Surgery Coll ege o f Dentistry and College ,
o f Pharmacy ; College o f E ducation ; D epartment o f Forestry ; Geo logical

and N atural H i story Survey
I n the College o f Science Literature and the Arts there i s a four
,
’
y ears course o f study leading to the degree o f B achelor o f Arts The .
work o f the fi rst year I s elective w ithi n certai n l imitati ons as to range
o f sub j ects from which the electives may be chosen The remai n i ng .
work o f the course i s enti rely elective with the p rovi si on that a certa i n ,
number o f long courses be selected The course i s so elasti c that it .
permits the student to make the general scope o f the cou rse classical , ,
scientific or literary to suit the indivi dual pu rpose

, .
The total enrolment i n all branches o f the unive r sity fo r the year
ended July 3 1 1 909 was ,
for 1 9 1 0
,
and f or 1 91 1 , ,
There are 2 5 buildings o n the campus p roper and legislative p rovi sion has
been made for a very large extension o f the grounds and f or many addi
t i o n a l structu res .
The re is a well equipped astronom i cal observatory The libraries con .
tai n more than volumes The museums have a large amount o f .
material that has been secured mainly w ith special re ference to i ts use for
illustrating the i nstruction i n the vari ou s department s These mu seums .
comp rise geological mineralogical zoological and botanical collections

, , ,
a mu seum o f technology ; also classical and E ngl i sh museums There .
are m useums maintai ned i n the departme n t o f civil mechanical electrica l , ,
and mining engineering to illustrate the variou s proce sses and materials
,
used i n the se departments .
The new i dea o f the relation o f the state to higher education w as

most i ntelligently a nd force fully presented in P resi dent Vincent s inau ’
gura l address That address g i ves the keynote to the new admini stra
.
” “
tion.
“
The university campu s he sai d mus t be as wi de as the boun d
, ,
aries o f the commonweal th Where truth i s to be discovere d o r appl ied

.
,
w herever earnest citi zens need organi ze d knowle dge and teste d skill ,
there the university i s on its own ground The un i versity sees as its .
members not only the students who resort to the chie f center but the
, ,
other thou sands on farms in factorie s i n o flfic es i n shop s i n scho olroom s

, , , ,
and i n homes who look to i t f or guidance and encouragement I t i s fas .
c i na t i n g to picture the possibilitie s o f thi s wi dening sphere o f highe r edu

cati on as i t makes its w ay into every cor ner o f the state f r ankly creating ,
”
new needs an d resource fully meeting the constant demands This e n .
l a r g e d V iew o f the relation o f the higher e ducation to the everyday l i fe o f

the people 1 3 the assurance that ou r great university i s to be m o r e an d m o r e ,
as thi s pol icy come s i nto more e ff ect ive pl ay a radiating center o f serv ,
i c e to every class and station to every variety o f intere st and occupa

,
tion and to contribute substantial and lasti ng benefits upon the whole
.
commo nwealth And not only w ill it meet existing needs but by its a d
.
,
v a n c e d position i ts function o f leadership stimulate the th ought and “
activities o f the people to still large r use o f thei r resources and thei r
opportunitie s t han have yet been conceived .
TH E A GRI C U L TURA L CO LL E G E
T he di stinctive l y St Paul branch Of the State University i s the Agri

.
cultu ral C ollege Not only i s thi s college located at St A nthony Park
. ,
in th i s cit y but i t owes i ts p resent importance t o the pers i stent agitatio n

,
o f a few St Pau l men who m 1 8 8 5 demanded that the agricultural feature

.
47 0 ST P AU L AN D V I C I N ITY
.
then dormant and disc redited be made e ff ective The state owne d the ,
.
”
f arm
“
but i t enrolle d no students and conducted no e xpe riments The
, .
regents assume d that farm ing coul d n o t be taught i n schools and p ro ,
pose d to absorb the funds speci ally i ntende d for thi s pu rpo se the p roceeds ,
o f federal land grants into the gene ral treasury for the benefit o f classical
,
and pro fessional cultu re The loud protest voiced by the ob j ecto rs who
.
,
showe d that agricultural school s had even then been successful at least , , ,
i n M ich igan and M i ssi ssippi led to a new departure i n 1 888 with sur
,
p rising re sults The attendance that year grew f rom nothi ng to 4 7 and
.
,
has since steadily i ncrease d .
I n 1 8 97 gi rl s were admitte d to the school o n the same terms a s the

boys a n d beside the high school subj ects w hich are taken in common
, , ,
they are given work i n the special l ine s o f cooking sewing lau nde ring , ,
and home —making The in struction throughout the cou rse w hi ch cove rs
. .
a pe riod o f three te rm s o f si x mo nths each i s so given as to bring p rae ,
tice and theo ry into close relatio ns and to S how the reasons for and the
most expedient ways o f doing th ings The techni cal a n d practical trai n .
ing wh ich students rece ive give s them the ability to study the problems o f
farm and hom e management which they a re sure to meet at thei r o w n
home s an d make them better able to cope w ith al l conditi ons o f soil o r ,
w hate v er p roblem s they are to meet in a fter l i fe The school has gradu .
ated more than stu dents over eighty pe r cent o f whom are actually
,
engaged i n agricul tural pu rsu its at the p resent time .
’
The college course i n agriculture i s a regular four y ears course and
graduate students w ith a degree o f B Agr Graduates o f state high . .
school s may ente r thi s cou rse an d take the technical wo rk o f the School
o f Agricul ture course a n d the College at the same time The Dai ry .
Schoo l was o rganize d i n 1 892 fo r the purpose o f giving i nstruction i n the

’
management of c reame ri es and cheese factori es A year s wo rk in a .
creamery o r cheese factory i s requi red as a condition o f entrance to the

’
cou rse The short course for farmers i s an eight weeks lectu re course
.
-
p rovi ded by the faculty o f the college and S ch ool o f Agriculture fo r the
be nefi t o f farme rs who are unable to attend the regular school cou rse .
The School o f Traction E ngineering i s a f ou r weeks course for traini ng ’
men t o manage engine s and powe r mach ine ry .
The S i te o f the college i s the h igh wooded tract north o f Langfo rd

avenue and adj oi ning the State Fai r ground s I t embrace s about 400 .
ac res and ha s ten e xten sive buil dings The total attendance in all
.
. ,
branche s i s now nearly ,

a yea r .
’
Descriptions o f the College o f St Thomas and o f St Paul s Theo . .
logical Seminary are given i n the chapte r devoted to the Cathol ic chu rch
and its i nstituti ons as are those o f many othe r educational ente rpri se s
,
conducted in thi s city under th e auspi ce s o f that p r e l ac v

,
H A M L I N E U N I V E RS I TY
Hamli ne University one o f the m ost exten sive and pro sperous i nsti
,
t u t i o n s o f l iberal l earnin g i n the state i s locate d i n spacious groun ds on,
Snell ing avenue a few blocks north o f University avenue Its charte r
,
.
was approved by the governo r o f the territory o f Minnesota W A Go r ,

. .
man o n April 3 1 8 54 The p reparato ry department wa s opened at Red

, . .
Wing Goodhue county N ovembe r 1 6 1 8 54 unde r the principal ship o f

. . . .
Rev Jabez B rook s In 1 8 57 th e enrolment o f the institution reached

. .
2 20 i ndi cating a marked degree o f prospe rit y

.
At the cl ose o f that y ea r .
47 2 S T PAUL A N D V I C I N ITY
.
cati on o f hi s successo r fo r active service D r B ri dgman shall become .
pre si dent emeritus .
’
I n announcing M r B ri dgman s retirement the S t P a u l P i o n e er P r es s
.
, .
voice d a unanimou s publ ic sentiment i n thi s editorial tribute to hi s char

“
acter and services : H e wi l l retire w ith the respect and good w ill o f
generati ons o f students who hold him i n highest regard w hile the people ,
o f St Paul and M i nneapoli s among w h om he has mingled for mo re than

.
,
a quarte r o f a century w ill hope that he may remain l ong w ith them as an
,
influence for the best things O ne thi ng that has contributed much to .
’
D r B ri dgman s success and to the esteem i n w hich he i s hel d i s hi s
. .
cathol icity o f sp i rit h i s broad sympathy hi s responsiveness t o the de

, ,
mands o f duty and opp ortu nity no matte r f rom what qu arte r they have ,
”
come .
D r Samuel F Ker foot o f South D akota w as chosen p resi dent to

. . .
succee d D r B ridgman and assumed the duties July I 1 9 1 2

.
, .
The catalogue o f Hamline Unive rsi ty 1 9 1 0 1 1 reports 2 51 students ,

-
i n the collegiate department and 56 i n the preparatory a total o f 3 07 , .
Assi sting Presi dent B ri dgman are fou rteen p ro fessors w ith twelve as ,
s i s ta n t s and instructors There are twenty one trustees i ncludi ng Judge

.
-
Hascall R B rill an early alumnu s and li fe —

.
,
long f rien d o f Haml ine ;
B i shop M c In ty r e B F N el son M G Norton Rev Wi ll iam M c K i n l ey
,
. .
,
. .
, .
,
Hon J M H ackney and other well known citizens The o ff i cers o f the
. . . .
board are : H on Matthew Geo rge N orton p resi dent ; B enj am in Frankl in
. ,
Nelson first vice presi dent ; H on James Thomas Wyman secon d V ice
,
.
,
p resi dent ; Samuel Skidmore Thorpe sec retary ; E ra stus Fletcher M ear ,
kle L L D treasu re r
, . .
, .
T he preparatory department was closed i n June 1 91 1 Fo r it was , .
” “
substitute d i nstruction i n ce rtain sub f reshman classes corre sponding -
to the forme r fourth year preparator y The uni versity o ff ers cou rse s .
l eading to the degrees o f B achelor o f Arts and Bachelor o f Philosophy -

.
The wo rk requi red to gai n e ither o f these degrees i s planne d to extend

through fou r academi c years .
I n the summer o f 1 907 the n ew l ibrary bui l ding was erected I t i s .
i n the style o f the E ngli sh school archi tectu re an d constructe d as i t i s

o f light b rown brick with a red ti l e roo f i t i s an ornament to the college
-
,
c ampu s an d an improvement to the suburb o f Haml ine I t i s bu ilt .
th roughout i n the mo st per fect manner i s li ghted by electricity and i s , ,
strictly firep roo f There i s a large central readi ng room in addition to

.
the stack rooms at either end Thi s fine addition to the group o f college .
buil dings was m ade possibl e through the generou s gi ft o f b

y
Andrew C arnegie wh ile a l ike sum was rai sed by the f riends o f the u n i
,
versity for its maintenanc e and the development o f the l ibrary resou rces .
The B iol ogical department i s especially wel l equ i pped W i th l aboratory

facil ities On the second floor o f S cience hall looking south are the
. , ,
vari ou s room s o f thi s department including a large and wel l l ighted gen ,
e ral laboratory an d a smalle r laboratory for advanced students ; a p repara

tion room ; ph otograph ic dark room ; department li brar y ; shop ; cloak
“
room ; the p rofes sor s o f fice and l ectu re room The equipment o f the
’
,
.
l aboratory consi sts o f compound mi croscope dissecting tool s mi crotomes , ,
and the usual reagents and glassware for anatom i cal an d h i stol og i cal
work .
In N ovember 1 909 the gymnasium erected at a cost o f $ 3 ,

con ,
tributed by a large number o f fr iends o f the unive rsity was ded i cated
,
.
,
The buil ding stands on the east si de o f the campus f ac m g S i mpson av e

ST . PAUL AN D VI C I N ITY 47 3
nue ; i s used by the students for all thei r smaller gatherings and serves .
, ,
also as a trophy room Through the generosity o f the Hon Matthew

,
.
.
G Norto n p resident o f the board o f trustees an admi rable athletic field

.
, , ,
with all mode r n improvements was adde d in 1 906 to the physical cul ,
ture equipment o f the i nstitution I t i s locat ed but one block f rom the .
university campus I t i s p rovi ded w ith all necessary facil ities for base
.
ball football and track athletics There is al so a grandstand wi th a

, ,
.
“
, ,
seating capacity o f seven hundred and a num be r o f dressing rooms fo r -
th e use o f contestants .
There ar e eight literary societies i n connection with the college— the

P hi l o m a t h e an Amphictyon Phi Alpha and E u p h r o n i a n are for men ; the
, ,
B rowning At h en e an Alpha Phi and E u t er p i a n for young women S tu

, , , , .
dents are urged to take advantage o f the opportunities aff orded by these
societies Frequent publ ic l iterary exerci ses al so add the i r stimulus to
.
, ,
growth i n thought and expression Debating i s made a p rominent feature .
o f the programmes o f the weekly meetings o f these l iterary societies .
’
The women s do rm itory i s name d Goheen hall i n honor of M rs Anna .
Harri son Goheen w ho has the di stinctio n o f bei ng the most generous
,
patroness o f Hamline University The building i s capable o f a c co m m o . .
dating about seventy young w omen I t i s one hundred feet north and .
’
south and i n conseque n ce al l students rooms except three receive fully
, , , , ,
either the morning or the a fternoon sunl ight .
M ACA L ES TER CO LL E G E
M ac al e s t e r C ollege i s the outgrowt h o f the B al dw in School o f St Paul .

,
p roj ecte d by Rev E dward D Neill D D as far back as 1 8 53 ; and o f a

. .
, . .
,
similar institution opened i n 1 87 3 by t he same gentl eman in M inneapoli s .
The original S t Paul buil ding stood on ground now occupi ed by the post
.
of fi ce It was dedicate d D ecember 29 1 8 53 by a banquet at whi ch a d

.
, ,
dresse s were del ivered by Rev E D N eill Charles J H en n i s s M r Hol . . .

, .
, .
l i n s h ea d Governor Gorman John P Owens T M N ewson Mor ton S

, ,
.
, . .
, .
Wilkin son Rev T R Cressey Geo rge L Becker W G L e D uc and

, . . .
, .
, . . .
others The name o f the school was given it as a compli ment to Ho n

. .
Matthew W B al dwin o f Philadelph ia the principal dono r to the buil d

.
, ,
ing fund I n January 1 8 54 the school had seventy one pupil s and was
.
, ,
i n success ful operation I n 1 87 4 Charl es M a c a l e s t e r o f Philadelph ia .

, ,
donated to thi s s choo l the valuable p roperty known as the Winsl ow H ouse ,
near the Fall s o f St Anthony w ith the understanding that as soon as .

,
possible i t shoul d be developed i nto a college In hi s honor the i n s t i t u .
tion was named M ac al es t er College Until 1 880 i t was an u n d e n o m i n a .
t i o n a l school I n October o f th at year i t was adopted by the synod o f

.
the Presbyteri an church o f M innesota I n 1 8 83 a syndicate o f the trus .
tees bought the present site at M ac al es t e r Park on Snelling avenue i n

the mi dway district and gave it to the board o f tru stee s The fi rst bu ild
,
.
ing thereon was erected i n 1 884 an d the college was opened September
1 5
,
1 88 5 .
Rev D r Nei ll the founder o f the col l ege was born i n Ph iladelphi a
. .
, ,
i n 1 8 2 3 and graduate d from Am h erst i n 1 84 2 A fter compl eting hi s .
theological studies under Rev Albert Barne s he came west and in 1 849 .
, ,
commi ssi oned by the presbytery Of Galena Illinoi s came to St Paul as , ,

.
a mi ssionary to the w hites Thereafter u h t i l h i s death ( except du ring .
the Civil war ) he devote d hi s time about equally to the work o f the Chri s
tian mi ni ster and to that o f an e ducator He was the fi rst territorial .
47 4 ST PAU L A N D V I C I N ITY
.
superintendent o f publ ic i nstruction and the first chancellor o f the State

“
University He i s the author o f N eil l s H isto ry o f M innesota and
.
’
also o f two volumes o f valuable hi storical monographs H e di ed Sep .
tembe r 2 6 1 8 93 , .
Rev Daniel Rice D D gave years o f devoted se rvice to M ac a l e s t er

.
, . .
,
C ollege as pro fe ssor and trustee Other St Paul men who were
, . .
active i n buil ding i t up i n i ts struggl ing years were H J Horn H L . .

, . .
M oss Maj o r B P Wright H enry M Knox Alexander Ramsey R P

, . .
,
.
, , . .
Lewi s H K Taylor and Thomas C ochran D r James Wallace pre si

, . . . .
,
dent from 1 894 to 1 906 was the ch ie f bu rden bearer during a c ritical ,
-
period o f debt a n d despondency But finally w ith the energetic assi st .

,
ance o f Robert A Ki rk Theodore Shaw and R C Je ff erson funds

.
, . .
,
were rai se d to pay the debts .
D r Jame s Wallace resign ed the p resi dency in June 1 906 and i n

.
, ,
M A C A LE S TER C O LL E G E
January 1 907 Thomas M orey H odgman o f the Un iversity o f Nebraska

, ,
was electe d president By June 1 909 a fund o f . had been , ,
pledged al l o f whic h except

,
has now been pai d and i nveste d i n
bu il dings or securities O f thi s total has been expende d in
.
,
Wall ace hall and Carnegie Science hall a n d has been set asi de
for endowment The chi e f gi fts to thi s fun d we re
. from the
General E ducati onal Board ; f rom Andrew Carnegie ;
from James J H ill ; from Frederick Weye rhaeuse r an d over
.
,
from the tru stees .
The Board o f T rustees consists o f twenty one members Thomas -

.
Shaw i s p resi dent o f the board an d B H Schriber secretary Presi , . .

, .
dent H o d gr n an serves as p ro fessor o f mathem atics There are seven .
teen pro fessors associate p ro fessors an d instructors The catalogue for

,
.
1 9 1 0—1 1 enume rate s 3 08 students o f the College Baldwi n School and ,
the M usical I nstitute .
The purpose o f B al dw in School wh ich i s the corporate name o f the

p reparatory department o f M a ca l es te r i s to give four years o f thor ,
ST . P AU L A ND VI C I N IT Y 47 5
ough preparation fo r the standard college course s and to provi de a goo d

general education for those who cannot conti nue thei r studies further .
Th e educational standards and requi rements o f Baldw in School have

secured for it the right to be accredited to the N orth Central A ssoc iation
o f Colleges and S econdary Schools .
The mai n building o f M a c al es t e r College i s O f brick one hundred '
f eet long and fi fty feet wide three stori es high w ith basement contain , ,
ing class rooms society halls men s gy mnasium library reading room
, ,
’
, , ,
auditoriu m and executive offi ce The bui lding i s heated by steam and .
p rovi ded with its own electri c light plant The l ibrary contains about .
eleven thousand ni ne hundred volumes not counting dupl icates most , ,
o f it classi fied on the D ewey system The dep artment o f bound periodi .
cals at p resent contains more than eleven hundred V olumes not count ,
ing dupl icates Ther e are many works i n Puritan and colonial hi story
.
and theology a n d in early American travels together w ith examples

, ,
o f fi fteenth a n d sixteenth century p rinting and valuable autograph lette rs .
For greater security thi s collecti on has been removed to the museum
room i n Science Hall A large room on the third fl oor a f fords excellent
.
accommodations for both library and readi ng room .
Wallace hall i s a new bu il ding for w omen S ituated at the corner o f ,
Summit and M ac al e s t e r avenues S ixty by one hundred and twenty —seven ,
feet and so arranged that sunl ight falls into every room I n a d d i t i o o n
, .
to th e students rooms there are parlors a dini ng room that seats 1 00

’
,
an d a gymnasium in the basement The buil ding i s absolutely fi reproo f . .
The Carnegi e Science hall i s a three story bu ilding w ith a full height
basement I t i s constructe d o f reinforced concrete and brick The
. .
exte rior i s o f colonial bri ck with trimmings o f Bed ford limestone There .
i s a li ft f rom the basement to the attic The i nterior fini sh and furniture .
are o f birch The b asement i s devoted to shops These shops are Well
“
. .
lighte d an d ventilated having full length w indows and a high ceil ing
, .
The w oodshop occupi es the large room in the north wing and has a d
j oining i t a fini shing room for staining filling and varni shing The , .
south w ing contains a laboratory shop connected with the physics de

pa r tm en t and a metal shop w hich has ad j oining it a forge and g rindi ng
room which i s al so equipped w ith a crucible furnace a n d moul ding sand
for making smal l casti ngs T h e physical laboratories occupy practically
. .
the enti re first floor o f Carnegie Science hall There are two large labo .
r a t o r i es
,
one for general physics and the other for electricity E ach .
o f these has a smaller laboratory adj oi ning for special research work I n .
connection with thi s department the re i s in the basement a shop equipped

with sp ecial tools for the production o f apparatus for research work .
The campus contains forty acres w ith a f rontage o f si x hundred

an d sixty feet on Summit avenue— the fine boulevard two hundred feet
in wi dth whi ch connects the Tw in Cities The college buildings eight .
,
i n number are situated on th e north hal f o f the campus while the

, ,
ample athletic fiel d grove o f oaks and i c e skating rink occupy the south
,
ern hal f .
The men s dormitory i s a three story brick building ninety feet long
’
-
by thirty eight feet wi de The second and thi rd floors contai n twenty
-
.
double rooms designed to accommodate two stu dents each The rooms .
are furni shed w ith plain substantial furniture are well lighted and
, ,
thoroughly com fortabl e Thi s hall i s for men exclusively E dwards

. .
hall i s a substantial three—story dormitory for m e n on M a c a l e s t e r ,
avenue one bl ock south o f the college I t i s name d a fter W C E dwards

,
. . .
,
4 76 ST P AUL A N D V I C I N I TY
.
o f S t Paul through whose liberality i t was e rected I t furnishe s a c

.
, .
c o m m o d a t i o n s for twenty two me n and sets tables for forty

-
.
Provi sio n for the encouragement and development o f outdoor athletics

has been made by the construction o f the Thomas Shaw A thletic field .
Thi s contains four acre s o f the campus lying di rectly south o f the main
buil ding and i s i nclosed by an i ron fence A quarte r m ile track twelve .
feet w i de wi th tu rns on a hundre d foot radius i s one o f the important

f eatu res o f the field Thi s track i s o n a dead level and has a f o u n d a
.
tion o f coarse c inde rs five i nches deep o n top o f which i s a layer o f fine
sur facing cinde rs two inche s deep The part o f the fiel d i nclose d by the
track i s lai d out as a footbal l and baseball fiel d and also provi de s room " .
for an outdoor basketbal l field .
The follow i ng publ ications are i ssued f rom the c o l lege : The Co ll eg e
Ca tal o g u e w hich i s one numbe r o f the M a c al es ter C o l l eg e B u l l e ti n an
, ,
eight page monthly paper devoted to the adverti sement and advancemen t
o f the institution ; the Y M a n d Y l V C A H an d b o o k a booklet full
. . . . . .
,
o f in formation for new students and a veritable vade mecum fo r all , .
and J u n i o r A n n u a l a yearly publ ication devoted to college interests an d

,
publi she d by the j unio r class o f the college . .
I n explanation o f the emphasi s placed on B ible study i n the

M a c a l es t e r curriculum the authorities say : The chu rch i s entering on
,
“
the era o f the laity Chri stianity is gi rdi ng i tsel f for the conquest o f
.
the worl d H er call fo r w orkers i s louder and more engaging than eve r
.
be fore Her fiel d i s ripe for lay worke rs o f every k ind for mi ssi on
.
-
arie s and m issionary teachers for mi ssion helpe rs charity workers pas , , ,
’
toral assi stants secretarie s i n the Young M en s and Young Women s
,
’
Assoc iations B ible reade rs colporteurs and the like To these classes
, ,
.
o f lay —workers the theologica l sem inarie s are not open B esides a train .
,
i ng i n the knowl edge and use o f the B ible i s best s ec u r e d i n connection '
with the regular courses o f study off ered by the col lege .
F I E LD P OR S MA LL E R I N S TITUTIO N S
H ow the denomi national co l lege s in S t Paul c an fl ou ri sh i n such .
immediate p roxim ity to the enormou sly endowed S tate University has ,
long been a question I t has been espec ially i nsi stent since the comi ng
.
o f a vigorou s young p resi dent w ith an all embracing power to that c en ,

-
tral inst ituti on Presi dent V incent spoke a forew or d to the solution at
.
Fargo when addre ssing the M inne sota alumni o f that secti on H e doe s .
not propose that th e u niversity shall be i n competition w ith the college s .
He p ropose s to w ith draw the unive rsity an d not to w ithdraw the c o l ,
leges f rom the competition To make the university a unive rsity i n th e

.
,
large r sense o f tea ching an d not the larger sense o f classe s and numbe rs ,
i s hi s solution o f the di ffic ulty .
The reducti on o f membe rsh ip i n the f reshman an d sophomore classes .
the cente ring o f strength on the higher classmen and no doubt on ,
graduate work i s p roposed He says : L et the smaller e ducational i n .

“
s t i t u t i o n s make thei r call heard to these classes but I si nce rely hope ,
that within the nea r future we may be able to devote all ou r be st energies
to the larger development o f the men an d women o f the two uppe r
classes .
Thi s b road and cheer ful readj ustment o f functi ons p rom i ses wel l fo r
the college s fo r the unive rsity and for the educational intere sts o f the
,
great northwest .
.
477
Other colleges and col legiate institutions i n St Paul some o f them .

,
well endowed and rap idly growing into use ful prominence each under
-
.
,
the ausp ices o f a devoted local or denominational clientele are en u m er ,
ate d as follows :
Concordia College corner St Anthony and Syndicate avenues Pro f
,
. . .
Theodore B u e r i n ge r president , .
Luther Seminary ( German ) E arl s treet corner Hyaci nth O r , ,

.
gan i z e d in January 1 88 5 Rev H enry E rnst D D p res i dent

,
. .
, . .
, .
L uther S eminary ( No rwegian ) corner Capitol and Hamli ne ave ,
nues Rev 0 E B randt presi dent ; R ev H G Stub D D ” secretary

. . . .
,
. . .
,
. .
Seminary o f the Unite d Norwegian Lutheran church St Anthony ,

.
Park Rev M O B ockman presi dent ; Car l W es w i g secretary

. . . .
, , .
St Paul College
.
g o f Law 60 E ast Fi fth street Hon G L Bunn ,
. . . .
,
dean ; C W H al b er t secretary
. .
, .
Bethel Academy 1 3 20 County road under the auspi ces o f the Swe d
, ,
i sh B apti st church Rev O r v i d G o r d h p rincipal

. .
,
.
C HA P T E R X L IV
L I BR A R I E S A N D LI T E R A R Y S O C I E TI E S
M E R C A N TI L E L IBRARY A ND Y OU N G M EN S C H RISTIA N A SSO C IATION ’
CON SO L I D AT E D A s S T P AU L L IBRARY A SSO C IATIO N — M AD E A CITY

.
L IBRARY— P ROPO S E D E X T E N SIO N OF U S E FU L N E SS— O T H E R L IBRARI E S

— TH E I N FOR MA L C L UB— G E R M A N S O C I E TY OF S T P AU L— CO MO .
P AR K A S A M E L TI N G P OT “
.
In the laudable e f fort o f the busy people o f St Paul to develop her .
material interest the l iterary artisti c an d social concerns have not been
, ,
neglected There are many libraries and l iterary a n d art classe s or

.
clubs abound having i n v iew hard w ork honest study and real advance
, ,
ment in thei r respective lines— n o t a simpering pursu it o f the fads o f

the hou r At the theaters appear the best attractions which the
.
dramatic and musical worl d c a n o fi e r O n the lecture plat forms the .
greatest thinkers o f the day have been proud to stand In the churches .
,
varie d enough to suit all bel ie fs are to be found m ini ste rs o f national ,
reputation .
M E R C A NTI L E L IB R ARY A ND Y OU N G M E N S CH RI S TIA N A SSO C IAT I ON

’
The beginni ngs o f our splendi d publi c l ibrary date back to the terri
to r i a l days wh en voluntary e ff ort lai d its su re foundations
, O n Sep .
tember 1 6 1 8 57 the M ercantil e L ibrary A ssoci ation was organize d and

, ,
starte d out w ith a reading room an d about three hundre d book s on its
shelves mostly the contributio n o f its friends It was conducte d w ith
,
.
succe ss for six years u nde r thi s organization accumulating over a thou
, ,
sand well —selecte d books mai ntaining a reading room which was well ,
patronized and getting up two o r three i nteresting courses o f lectures .
The Young Men s Chri stian Associati on was organi zed in 1 8 56 and
’
kept open a f ree reading room until 1 8 58 when the i ea d i n g room was ,
given up In 1 86 1 the associ ati on procure d a room an d opened a ci r

.
c u l at i n g l ibrary w ith about five hundred new books The li st o f books .
was inc reased from year to year a n d when the uni on o f the two l ibra ,
’
ri es occu rre d the Young Men s Christian A ssociation had about one
thousand volumes .
Thu s i n th i s l ittle city o f

,
people there we re two associations , .
each aski ng the support o f the publi c for the same obj ects each having ,
its friends and each i n a measure a rival o f the other A consoli dation
, , ,
.
was p roposed a n d del egates f rom the two bodie s met on Fri day
,
evening Octobe r
,
D W I ngersoll was chosen chai rman and . .
Charle s E Mayo secretary The members p re sent were D W Inger

. . . .
soll H M Knox G eo r g e W Prescott E E ggl eston W S Potts D D

, . .
,
. .
, . .
,
.
S T P AUL A ND V I C I N I TY
.
.
were not allowed to be taken from the library ; and reading room s r e
s pe c t i v e l y for ladies and gentlemen These quarters were outgrown i n .
a few years and were li kewi se needed fo r other pu rpos es Accord

, .
i n g l y i n 1 892 the l ibrary was remove d to its p resent location Wabasha

, ,
and S eventh streets where it remains pendi ng the contemplated erec , ,
ti on o f a permanent home commen surate with its importance .
The total number o f volumes i n the l ibrary is ove r The

c i rculation i n 1 9 1 I was T he annual expense o f maintenance i s
,
The substations are : ( A ) M i dway M innesota Trans fe r build , ,
i ng ; ( B ) 8 8 1 Payne avenue ; ( C ) 549 Ohio street ; ( D ) 93 0 Raymond

, , ,
avenue ; ( E ) 1 52 Robertson street ; ( E ) Unive rsity avenue northwe st

, , ,
co rner Kent ; ( H ) 7 98 E ast Seventh street ; ( I ) Y W C A S i xth

, , . . . .
,
street ; ( J ) 1 66 5 Grand avenue ; ( K ) 7 1 9 N S nel ling avenue The

, ,
. .
members o f the l ibrary board appointed by the mayor n o w are : E A , , . .
Young p resident ; R E Ol ds vice president ; J C Oehle r secretary ;

,
. .
, . .
,
John D O B r i en Charle s W Ames Rev Carl Koch J D i t t e nh o f e r F

.
’
, .
, .
,
.
,
A Fogg and F C Cleman s M rs H J M c Ca i n e w ho served as lib rarian

. . . . . . .
,
for seve ral years u nde r the old associ ation has filled that posi tion w ith ,
marked e fficiency ever since it became a publ ic i nstitution .
P ROPOS E D E X T E N SIO N OF U S E FU L N E SS
C W Ames chai rman o f the l ibrary comm ittee o f the board i n a r e

. .
,
cent report u 1 ge s important extens i on s o f the lib rary s u se fulness The

,
’
.
station ci rculation has been about each year a n d the c i rculation ,
through the school s about the same number I t has cost about one and .
one fourth cents a book Several thousan d dollars m igh t be used fo r

-
.
extension w ork M r Ame s says the l ibrary should have complete fin d

. .
i n g l i sts a n d tel ephone service ; S houl d i ncrease the nu m ber o f i ts sta

tions and shoul d develop reading room s whe rever possibl e with re fe r ,
ence facil ities Specifically it shoul d have stations at the county j ail
.
, ,
hosp ital s city hall a n d l ike place s ; i n busine ss e stabl i shments ; i n the art
,
school s ; at M a c a l es t e r H aml i ne Concordia S t Thomas and o the r col

, , , .
leges ; at local commerci al clubs ; new sboys clubs ; trades and l abo r as
s e m b l i e s ; at the Home fo r the Friendle ss House o f the Good Sh epherd , ,
Little Si sters o f the Poo r a n d i n the publ ic school s D oubtl ess these i m .
p r o v e m e n t s w ill come i n th e not di stant future as publi c sentiment c o r ,
d i a l l y su stains a p rogressive pol icy by the board .
Meantime certai n wealthy and generou s ci ti zens have made condi

,
t i o n a l o f fers o f large donati on s which i f the condition s are ful fille d w ill , , ,
lead to the early construction o f a publ ic library building co sti ng at ,
l east h al f a m ill ion dollars M ayor Keller p ropo ses that the city retain .
the valuable business p roperty on wh ich the l ibrary i s now l ocated as a .
l ibrary asset to help fin ance the u ndertaki ng an d to yi eld a constantly

,
a r gu m e n t i n g income du ring all future years for the benefit o f the e n

’
te r p r i s e The mayor s su gge sti o n brought out clearly a sentiment against
.
selli ng the ol d library pro p e rty That property consi dering its location .
, ,
w ill p rove a n inexhau stible gold m ine fo r the l ibrary board Such an .
asset s impl ifi es greatly thei r admini strative p roblem I f i t can be done . .
eve rybody woul d favor leaving that property i n such po sition that i t
may help to support the l ibra ry But i f nece ssary to use the i ncome in .
secur i ng a new buil di ng the board w ill p robably not he sitate B ooks an d .
documents wh ich a re p ricele ss from the fact that they cannot be replace d , ,
are constantly S ub j ecte d to the dange r o f destruction i n the p resent bui ld

. 48 1
i ng Th e D i s pa tc h i n an approving comment S ays further :

.
,
The sug
,
gestion o f M ayor Keller has much broade r application than to the library
merely What i s true o f the advantages which mu st come to the l ibrary
.
by retaining thi s p roperty and secu ring its i ncome i n perpetuity i s true
o f all valuable p roperty coming to the city I t wil l be true o f an immense
.
”
tract of invaluable lan d i f the big harbor p roj ect goe s through .
A NE W D E V E L OP M E NT
These sugge stions o f the mayor and others emphasize d by the public
p ress i nspired a general sentiment among the people which prepared the
, ,
way fo r a sudden and unforeseen movement i n t h e Spring o f 1 9 1 2 w hich ,
l ed to grati fying practical results One day James J H ill made the sur
. .
p r i s i n gl y generou s announcement that he was ready and will ing to give

the sum o f for the building and endowment o f a re ference l ibrary ,
SCIEN CE A ND R E L IGIO N O V E R MA I N DOOR ,
C AT H O L I C C AT H ED RA L
( By Leon H er m a n t )
which w as however to be part o f a general library p roj ect to be located

, ,
on a site provi de d by the c ity o r the c itizens Prompt measures were .
taken to meet the conditions o f thi s m u n i fic en t o ff er B y common con .
sent the block o f ground lying immediately south o f Rice Park bounde d
, ,
by Market Washington Third and Fou rth streets was agreed on as the
, , ,
site o f the new library A portion o f it was already ci ty property ; M r

. .
H ill pu rchased another portion and by one o f those spontaneous out

,
bursts o f publ ic spi rit which have made St Paul famous the .
,
required to complete th e purchase o f the enti re block was promptly sub

scribed and pai d i n by enthusiastic citizens .
All classe s o f the peopl e parti cipated in the e ff ort to raise thi s money ,
’
and made contributions The federation o f women s clubs took an active
.
part The federated grade te achers lent thei r o rganized ai d Pupil s i n

. .
the publ ic school s contributed Thus thi s p roj ect seems to have been
.
48 2 ST P AU L AN D V I C I N I TY
.
trea ted i n the St Paul manner St Pau l needed a Y M C A bui ldi ng

. . . . . . .
a long w hile be fore it was provi ded but when it was unde rtaken it was ,
carrie d through so as to result i n one o f the finest edi fices i n the country
, ,
constructed fo r that purpo se St Paul neede d a large assembly hal l a

. .
long while be fo re i t was obtained ; but the Audi torium j u sti fie s the del i
beration and e ff ort made to secure it St Paul i s greatly i n nee d o f a
library—o f bot h a building and a book collectio n With respect to the
. .
latter an excell ent beginni ng has been made Wi th respect to the former
,
.
,
the e ff o rt now under w ay a n d the plan fo r subsequent step s give amp le

assurance that i n the n o t far distant future St Paul w ill have a l ibrary ,
.
as c reditable a feature of our city as eithe r o f the other two i nstituti on s

,
“
named .
But the people w ill not depend upon private funds for the buil ding
o f a publ ic l ibrary any more than fo r the building o f a high school .
Through the legi slature the c ity has been placed i n a po sition to fi nance
,
a new library bui lding by an i ssue o f ,

bonds N o time was lost .
i n securing the proper enabl ing statutes and amendments Now the .
ci ty itsel f w ill take hol d o f the situation w ith a firm han d and build this
much needed publi c imp rovement The l ibrary board has taken the prob .
lem up i n earnest along these l ines and here i s such a publ ic response ,
as will mean at once a n e w buil ding adequate to house and preserve S t

,
.
’
Paul s fine collecti on o f books o f the p resent a n d o f the future .
O T H E R L IBRARI E S
The state l ibrary or properly the State L aw L ibrary i n room 2 1 8

, , ,
o f the Capitol ; contain upwards o f volumes and i s constantly i n ,
receipt o f additions There are few legal w ork s needed by the p ro fession
.
,
for either stu dy or re ference which may n o t be found there but th ei r ,
use i s restricted to those who are content to peruse them with in the
library room s Th e State Hi storical Society al so has a very valuabl e
.
l ibrary describe d i n another chapte r Both o f these are pu rely l ibraries .
o f re fe rence .
M ost o f the school s and all o f the college s have librarie s for the use
o f teachers and scholars The re are l ikewise seve ral l ibraries i n the
.
engine house s for the accommodation o f fi remen and not a few o f the ,
societ i es an d clubs have exten sive and choice collections o f book s Ham .
”
li ne Univer sity has a Carnegie lib rary The Fi remen s Central L ibrary
“
.
o rgani zed i n 1 88 2 i s at the corne i o f M ai n avenue and Ninth s t i e e t w ith ,
volumes The Masonic L ibrary ha s

. volume s i n its new buil d
ing at Smith avenue and S ixth street The Ramsey Co u n ty M l edical .
Soc iety has books The Unite d States ci rcuit court of appeal s
.
has a l a w l ibrar y at 4 3 1 Federal building D r I L Mahan l ibrarian The , . . .

,
.
Pol k D i rectory I i b r a r y at 2 1 6 National German American Bank build

i ng has a complete coll ection o f c it y di recto ries state gazettee rs etc ,
.
,
which i s o f inestimable value i n certain inve stigat i ons

The Commerci al Club mai n tai ns a l ibrar y o f stati stical works o fli c i a l .
reports and book s o n financ ial sub j ects ; al so a reading room whe re all
the leading new spapers and magazines are kept for the use o f m embe rs .
Some o f ou r large manu factu ring Z

a n d mercantile concerns are estab D
’
l i s h i n g l ibrarie s for the use o f th e i r empl oyee s The Young Men s and .
the Young Women s Christian A ssociati on s have l ibrarie s a n d readi ng

’
rooms i n th ei r respective build in g s

When w e are tol d by philologi sts that the Indian l anguages were both
ST PAUL A ND V I C I N I TY
.
polysynthetic and aggl u t i n o u s we marvel at the l imited scholastic achieve ,
ments o f ou r red p redecessors But since the beginnings o f Anglo Saxon .
settlement S t Paul has always ma i n taine d its share o f V oluntary asso

, .
c i a t i o n s for l iterary culture study and discussion Many o f t hem have , .
been of a somewhat epheme ral nature V igorous and u sef ul during thei r ,
exi stence but passing away wi th the changed conditions i n the resi dence
di stricts or w ith the lapse o f intere st in the i r active membership
, .
TH E I N FORMA L C L UB
One o f these associations however the I n formal Club has had such , , ,
a prolonged and peculiar career involving so many prom inent men a n d ,
exe r ting wi thout a n y glare o f ostentation o r publicity such a marked i n

,
flu e n c e on publ ic opinion that it shoul d have honorable mention i n any ,

’
catalogue o f the city s valuable institutions The fo rerunne r o f the I n .
formal Club was the Tw il ight Club which flouri she d for several years , ,
but was enti rel y di scontinued long be fore i ts s u c c eS S O I was organized o n ,
a di ff erent basi s by some o f its m em b e i s with notable additions The

, , .
i nitial meeting o f the Tw ilight Club was hel d at the M etropol itan hotel
November 1 9 1 8 89 The organization was pe rfecte d w ith Ambrose E
, . .
Tighe as the s ec 1 e t a r y M r Tighe w a s the only de j ure o fficial o f the . .
club Rev Samuel G Smith presided and at the next meeting E V

. . .
, .
Smalley took the chai r Those p resent at the fi rst meeting a

were Rev . . .
’
Samuel G Smith E V Smalley Hon C D O B r i en Joh n W White
.
,
. .
, . . .
, .
,
Hon H F Stevens Capt George

. .
b
H Mo ff ett Pro f Gi lbert H P H all
.
, . .
,
y .
, . .
,
E J H o dgson D r V a n S l y k e O G Cl ay M r L ocke M E V inton

. .
, .
, . . .
, .
, . .
,
E W Peet A E Tighe J G Pyle Capt H A Castle Pro f Ara

. . , . .
, . .
,
. . .
, .
Smith H C Wood D r R iggs H B Farwell Rev W S Vail Cass

, . .
,
.
,
. .
, . . .
,
Gilbert R e v S M Carothers H R B o y e s o n A S Tallmadge R R

,
. . .
, . .
, . .
, . .
Dorr and Harry P Robinson . .
A umptuous repast was served duri ng which the plan o f operations

s
,
“
was i nformally di scussed Then as a newspape r repo rt sai d : The re .
, ,
was a most delicious afte r— dinner talk i n whic h ne arly all pre sent par
” “
ticipated The the si s was : What Changes A re Impending i n the Social
.
”
Order ? E verybody had been f urnished w ith a ci rcular no t i f y n g him of
the subj ect and eve rybody was consequently care fully prepared to give
expression to hi s op i nion upon the theme under d iscussion Speeches .
were l imited to five minutes and there was the re fo re l ittle opportuni ty , , ,
f o r anything like an oratorical di spl ay Upon a vote o f the charter mem .
bers i t was deci ded to limit the membership to 1 00

.
.
Fortnightly meetings w ere hel d during the w inter months o f two

or th ree years at the Metropol itan and the Ryan hotel s But the pub
,
.
l i c i ty of these meetings elaborate newspaper reports being o ften p ri nt ed , ,
i nterfered w ith the f reedom o f expression so vital to u n o fli c i al debate .
The society was final l y di sbanded b ut a recollecti on o f its thought s t i m u ,

-
lati ng proceedings and its social enj oym ents inspi red at a later date the ,
formation o f the more sati sfactory and enduring one which followed i t .
On October 1 2 1 894 invitations were sent to about twenty gentlemen , ,
to meet at the resi dence o f E W Peet 2 7 1 Summit avenue on the . .

, ,
evening o f October 1 5th to consi der formin g an informal club for talks ,
on cu rrent topics and general sociabi l it y E ight o f the i nvited persons .
responded V i z Mes srs F l an d r a u E V Small ey B rill Pyle S G Smith

,
.
,
. . . . , . .
H amli n Ame s and Peet The p lan o f the club was a g reed On : a list o f
,
.
pro p osed members was prepared and a cal l was i ssued fo r the fi rst meet
V ol . III —3
484 S T PAUL AN D V I C I N ITY
.
’
i ng to be hel d at M r Peet s house N ovember 2 7 1 894 The follow ing .
,
.
i s the li st o f original members : C E F l an d r au E V Smalley C onde . .

,
. .
,
Hamli n J G Pyle Rev J P E gbert H R B rill E W Peet Rev Y

,
. .
, . . .
, . .
, . .
, . .
P M organ J J H ill Gen Wesley Merritt D r Wm Dav i s C W Ame s

.
, . .
,
.
, . .
, . .
,
D r Bu rnsi de Foste r Ju dge William M itchell Rev S G Sm ith Judge

.
, , . . .
,
Thomas Wilson Ge orge C Squi res D A M on fo rt F W M Cutcheon ,

.
, . . , . . .
,
E W Wi nter Ambrose Tighe H P Upham W H Lightne r F I

. .
, ,
. .
, . .
,
. .
Whitney W G Pearce Cass Gi lbert John B West E E Woodman

, . .
, , .
, . .
,
C D O B r i e n J D O B r i en H A Castle D W Lawle r C A Sever

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,
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, . .
, . .
ance George Thompson C H Kellogg A B Stickney W B Dean

, , . .
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,
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T D M erw in W P Clough C P Noyes R B C B ement Judge Walter

. . . .
,
. .
, . . .
,
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H Sanborn B i shop Gi lbert M D Grove r Rev J J C onway Char mi ng

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, , . .
, . . .
,
Seabury E H M c H en r y A E B o y es e n H P Hall and D r Geo R

,
. .
, . .
,
. . . . .
Metcal f .
Thi rty three o f these attended the first meeting C harle s W Ames
-
. .
became secretary w hether by election o r p redestination cannot now be ,
authenticated ; M e ssrs Flan dran Peet B rill and Smalley constituted the .
, ,
executive committee From thi s time forward until the p resent w rit .
i ng and w ith excellent p rospects o f a continuance into the indefi nite

,
f uture meetings have been hel d w ith substantial regularity with i n c r e as ,
i ng pleasu re a n d p rofit to the enti re membership .
The obj ects o f the I n formal Club were agree d to and set forth a s
follows : The Club i s to have for its purpose the foste ring o f rational
good fell owship an d tolerant di scu ssion I t i s to be made up o f si xty
-
.
,
more or less regular members and several or more honorary members

, , ,
all o f w hom are expected to tak e a n active part at least i n th e good

fellowsh ip department The honorary memb ers are chiefly di stinguished .
f rom the plain ki nd by not bei ng oblige d to come so o ften and by paying ,
double dues ( i f any ) I t i s to have no chart e r no constitution no by .

, ,
laws ; only enough formal organi zati on to keep it f rom disorgani zing ,
and only such o f ficers as are ab solutely nece ssary to arrange for the
meetings and keep up the membership For these purposes i t i s thought .
that an executive committee and a secretary wi l l be su fficient .
As the membership i s to be strictly l imited to si xty it becomes i m ,

‘
po rtant that all the members shoul d be congenial and clubable They .
’
wil l be expecte d to assume charge o f the program o f a n e v e n i n g or '
take part i n the di scu ssion when requested to do S o by the authoritie s ,
a n d i n general to do thei r S hare o f the talk ing and th e sociabil ity accord
, ,
i n g to thei r re spective inclinations They must attend the meetings .
with reasonable f requency ; fou r consecutive absences w il l be considered

by the sec retary a su f ficient reason for dropping any name from the
li st V acancies are filled by the executive committee from nom inations
.
made by members ; but name s thus proposed will be submitted to the

club a n d a single obj ection w ill be su fficient to de feat a n y candi date
,
.
Meetings are to be held fortnightly o n alte rnate Thu rsdays at , ,
private h ou ses ( o n voluntary i nvitation o f members ) i n the evening , .
E ach m eeting w ill be placed u nder the di recti on o f some member who ,
w ill be invested w ith dictatorial powe rs a n d expected to w ield them ,
for th e general benefit The subj ect for di scu ssion or p rogram fo r .
each eveni ng w il l be arranged by the temporary chai rman and the secre
tary a n d announced at th e p receding meeting Re freshments will be
,
.
restricted to a simple lunch an d rigi d sumptuary laws w ill be en forced ,
to prevent the development o f the club i nto a banqueting organi zati on .
”
The foll owing Declaration o f Principl es taken f ro m the Sunset Club “
ST PAUL A ND VI C I NITY
. 48 5
o f Chi cago was p romulgated i n the beginning

, , an d has been strictly
adhered to
Club House N0 L ate H ours

Constitution No Per fumed N otes
D ebts No Parl iamentary Rules
Contribution No Persona l ities
Accounts No D udes
De falcation No Mere F o r m al i t i es
B y L aw s
-
No Preaching
Stipulations No D ictation
Pro fanity No Dues
Fi nes NO L itigation
Ste a ling N o Gamble rs
“
Combi nes N 0 D ead B eats
Presi dent N o E mbezzlers
B or es from Foreign Retreats
Steward N o M eanness
“
E ncores N o Vituperation
Long Speeches Simply Tolerant Di scussion
D ress Coats and Rational Recreation .
’
At the close o f the tenth year o f the I n formal Club s existence there
was hel d at the M innesota C l ub St Paul on the evening o f April 1 4 , .
, ,
1 904 as a speci al commemorative occasion the

, One Hundredth M eet ,
”
ing and Decennial D i nne r at wh ich a fter an elaborate banquet there , ,
“
were imp romptu remarks by Messrs Severance Haml in Boynton .
, , ,
” “
Pyle an d Hall an d promiscuous oration s by members as opportunity
,
was o f fered them There were many dese rved tributes to the S ecretary
.
Scintillant the most tangible be ing a si lver loving cup which voiced for
, ,
the p resent an d testifie d to t he future the respect and esteem i n which ,
M r Ames i s hel d by all the members As a w itness to the sp irit o f the

. .
club we m ay venture b rie f extracts from letters a n d tel egram s sent by -
absentees an d read at this meeting :

,
Maj or General Jo hn R B rooke U S A ( reti red ) S t Augustine

.
, . . .
, .
,
“
Florida : The memory o f the meetings attended during the two years
o f my resi dence i n St Paul i s v ery green an d f resh I can now hear
.
-
the voi ce o f the secretary announci ng the p rogramme o f the evening ,
and c an see the thought ful expression o n the countenanc e o f each

”
member as he bends his mighty i ntellect to the task .
“
Richard B urton B oston Massachusetts : ,
Th e club understands
,
the spice there i s i n v ariety so it meets from house to house ; it knows

,
that man in undress i s happier an d brighter than in regimentals so i t ,
forbi ds evening clothes ; it di scerns that the beginning o f wisdom i s

foun d i n a secretary w ho has w it an d i t keeps him perpetually i n that
o f fice ; and real izing that out o f the fulness o f the mou t h the heart
”
speaketh it fee ds its members well and l ets nature do the rest
,
.
Rev Wm R L ord Rockl and Massachu setts

. . .
, I recal l that one o f , .
the most delight ful circles which I entered while a resident o f you r -
city was that o f the I n formal Club Within its bounds the re were .
always the l ight and warmth o f f riendly social cheer with certain elec , ,
t r ic fl ashe s o f w it and wi sdom Who has been largely the center an d.

48 6 ST PAU L A N D VI C I N I TY
.
source o f these genial e i n a n at i o n s I will leave the club to unanimously ,
agree .
Captain Henry A Ca stl e W ashington D C : Among my most

'
“
. .
, , .
conclusive title s to my own good op inion o f mysel f i s the fact that I

was thought worthy to be one o f the founders o f thi s i llustrious associa
tion a n d have been thought worthy to be held i n remembrance a s a n a ffi
,
l i a t e d member during my seven years absence f rom St Paul Among

'
. .
the pleasante st anticipations connected w ith my ea rly retu rn to the be st

town o n thi s or a n y other earth i s that o f agai n m ingl ing w ith these c o n
genial compani ons .
Col Edward H unte r U S A ( reti red ) \V i l l i m a n t i c Connecticut :

.
,
. . .
, ,
I regret that i t i s impossible for me to w itness the fi rework s that are

to follow such I n fo rmal orators as J udge Rev Samue l Smith
"
.
,
M e ssrs Grove r Hall and L ightner It may be that since I le f t you

.
,
.
have imp roved o n these speake rs— but I doubt i t .
H o n A B Stickney New York N Y . P lease convey to the

. .
, , .
o n e hundredth I n formal my in formal regrets

-
i n a n i n formal manner ,
a n d say that although my i n formal body i s absent my in formal S p i rit

"
,
i s w ith them in formally .
Rev Samuel G Sm ith D D St Paul : . The ch ie f value o f t h e .

, . .
,
.
club has doubtle ss been i n the chee r ful se rvice it has lent to the educa
ti on o f the clergy— a p ro fessi on that has too long been permitted to
speak w ithout bei ng prope rly rebuke d by an intelligent laity I n th is .
se rvice the club has been a di stinct revelati on But the revelation has .
”
been one o f good bra in goo d fellowship and honest hearts ,
.
W i nte r Ne w York :
“
E dwin I have many times gone furthe r for ,
much smal ler p ay a n d heartily w i sh it was p racticable to renew my r e

”
l a t i o n s h i p to the club on thi s occasion .
O n N ovember 9 1 9 1 1 the I n fo rmal C lub opened its eighteenth season , , ,
w ith its o n e hundred an d seventy fir s t meeting at the residence o f A -
, .
B Stickney The fol low ing i s the present roll cal l :

. .
Active membe rs : D r Wm Davi s D r Bu rnside Foste r Ambrose . .

,
.
,
Tighe IV H L ightner C A Seve rance R B C Bement C V Ames

,
. . , . .
, . . .
, .
-
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A E B o y es en D r Arthu r Sweeney E S D u r m e n t Ol ive r Crosby Ruk

. .
, , , . .
, ,
a rd Hurd Kenneth Clark D r C L Greene Benj ami n S o n n n e r s D r Hal

, , . . . . ,
.
dor S n e ve William G White Joseph M c K i bb i n F B T i f fany F \V i l l i u s

,
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, , . .
,
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,
D r A M acla ren Osca r L Taylor A B D ri scoll Rev J A Schaad

. .
,
.
, . .
,
. . . .
E merson Ha dley L P O rdway F G Ingersoll W F Peet E C . . .

, . .
,
. . , . .
Stringe r Rev I L R y pi n s M orton Barrow s J H Sk inner H P Clark

,
. . .
, ,
. . ,
. .
John N Jack son C W Go rdon T L Wann C M G riggs T A Schulze

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,
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Rev H C S wearingen S L Heeter Pie rce Butler Thomas R Kane

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. .
, ,
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Webster Wheelock Rev J D Reid E dward H M orphy Rev Pa rley P ,

. . .
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. . . .
Warne r W i nth rop G Noye s W alter J D riscol l Rev F S Budlong Fred

' ’
. . . ,
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,
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B L ynch J S M c L a i n Oscar H allam Ro y al A Stone J D A rmstrong

. , . . , ,
. . . . .
C W Farnham L oui s Betz H E Randall S \V Burr Rev H M o y n i

. . , ,
. . . . .
,
. .
han W J D ean and M L Countryman

, . . . . .
Re su rrecte d membe rs : J G Pyle a n d H A Castle . . . . .
Honora ry l i st : \V H Sanborn A rchbi shop I reland F B Kellogg W . .

, . . . . .
W Fol w ell Ho w ard E lli ott Rev S G Sm ith C P Noyes A B Stick

. . . . . .
,
. .
, . .
ney \V i l l i s V a n D e v a n te r F E Ca rle Rev G H B ri dgeman D r E V

, ,
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,
. . .
Robin son V e ry Rev J J Lawle r T H Hodgman \V B Dean D r .

. . . , . . , . . . .
Rich ard Burton F C Stevens J W L usk Rev John W right H R . . . . . . . .

,
. .
B rill D r G E V incent G e n R W H o y t “7 C E dgar John

, . .
R iddle . . . . . . . . .
and L oui s W Hil l . .

488 ST PAUL AN D V I C I N ITY
.
bo rn population o f St Paul w hich a re i n w hole or i n part concerne d with

.
, , ,
l ite ra r y affai rs a re as follow s :

,
V ega Literary Society : Meets second and fourth Friday o f each month
at 2 54 E ast Seventh Membership 1 00 Presi dent August Olson ; v ice
. .
,
p resi dent Oscar Wall ; secretary J A La rson ; treasu rer Andr F r e d l u n d

, , . .
, .
O e s t r e i c h i s c h Ungarischer U n t e r s t u et z u ng Ve rei n : M eets second an d

fourth M onday o f each month i n Ts c h i d a s hall P resi dent A dolph Fasc h .
,
i n gb au e r ; sec retary Gust Gra f treasurer E ngelbert S c h w e r t b e r ge r

, , .
B i b l i o t e k a Unii L u b e l s k i e j Organi zed Novembe r 1 1 88 7 M eets ,

.
second Tuesday o f each month at Saint Adelbert s Pa rochial School

’
President M rs P Franckowiak ; sec retary F J R osenthal ; treasure r

,
. .
,
. .
,
J oseph Rosenthal .
COM O P AR K A S A M E L TI N G P OT
The influence o f l ite rary societies and l iterary culture and l iterary ten ,
d e n c i es on the daily li fe the thoughts and aspi rations o f our people for
, ,
e i g n as well as native i s curiously S hown i n what a lo cal pape r call s

,
the
melting pot o f nationali ties — the gi fts which the foreign born make to
”
Com o park I n thi s w estern country where the racial elements f rom
.
,
E urope are not yet fu sed it i s possibl e that eve ry hyphenate d soci ,
ety w il l ask to contribute the i r testimoni al to the witnessing o f future

generations I t i s reporte d that the Sons o f Norway seek permissi on and
.
,
a fte r that w ill seek funds to the end that a statue o f Ibsen may ado rn
,
Como park South Dakota towns o f much smalle r population a n d much

.
,
small er Norwegian p opulati on have e rected such memorials to the d ram ,
a t i s t and there i s no reason why the S ons o f No rway in St Paul shoul d

,
.
not so hono r thei r brother Al ready a statue o f Schi ller adorns the park
.
grounds unve iled on Ge rman day wi th a n address by a celebrated Ge rman

,
statesman b rought h ithe r espec ially for thi s purpose A ssu re dly the fact .
that authors and poets are thus monumental ized instead o f warriors and ,
he roes i s a grati fying tribute to the e n l i g h tm e n t which has penetrate d the

,
m inds o f our c iti zens .
The j ou rnal wh ich broaches thi s di scove ry p roc eeds : I f Como i s to ,
be the melti ng pot o f ou r city population there i s n o reason why in course , ,
o f time eve ry element in ou r much mi xed hab itant should not be c o m

,
m e m o r a te d The Scotchman w ill e rect hi s statue o f Bobby Burns an d

.
unveil i t i n the snow s o f January 2 5 The I rishman w i ll elect and e rect .
perhaps O Co n n e l l and bri ng John Redmon d to the speaking i n those

’
, ,
nea r days whe n I reland gets its home rul e Frenchmen w ill choose f rom .
thei r Pantheon an d elevate some good republ ican although we shoul d ,
p re fe r a Franci scan fathe r ; wh ile Sw itzerland may embody forth Wi lhelm

Tell in the a c t o f hi tting the appl e I taly may remember Cavour o r .
Cae sar The school chi ld ren o f th e future w il l have an i llumi nate d t i me
.
,
”
studying h istory on th e path s o f Como park .
I n the p roce ss o f Ame ricani zation th rough which our polyglot nati on ,
a l i t i e s cheer fully pass a commendable reve rence fo r the i r mothe r tongu e

and fo r those who w rite i t i s no impediment An alleged poet i s born ,
.
every minute whom the w orl d will ingly l ets die But the sun cro w ne d .
-
genius i n every land an d i n eve ry age mu st h ave due recogn iti on f rom
, ,
all who are worthy to enj oy hi s bene facti on s .

C HAPT E R XLV
TH E M I N N E S OTA H I S T O R I C AL S O C I E TY
I N C ORPORA T ION A ND O RGA N I Z AT ION — PL A C E S OF M EET I N G— B UI LD I NG

P ROJ E C T FA LL s—S O C I E TY R E S U S C IT AT ED — B RO AD S COP E A ND P URPOS E S
— O FFI CE R s — R E M O V A L To NE W CAPITO L— S O C I E TY P U B L I C ATIO N S
G R E AT H I STORI C A L L IBRA RY H ISTORI C A L A N D A R C H A E O L OGI C A L
,
R E L I C S—TH E K E N SI NGTO N R U N E S TO N E
The M innesota Hi storical Society was organize d unde r an ac t passed
by the fi rst session o f the territorial l egislature i n 1 849 a n d i s there fo re ,
the oldest insti tut ion i n the state Its obj ects are the collection preserva .
,
tion a n d publication o f materials relating to the hi story o f thi s stat e and

development o f its resources ; to collect biographic sketches and portraits
o f it s pioneers and p rominent citizens ; to record thei r work in settl ing the
state a n d bui lding up its towns c ities an d i nstitutions ; to p reserve an , ,
ac count o f its Indian tribes ; to gather a museum o f articles i llustrative o f

the conditions o f the settlement and later hi story o f Minnesota o f the ,
aboriginal people w ho built the thousands o f p rehi st o ric mounds i n this

state and o f the tribes who were l iving here when the first whi te m en
,
reached thi s region ; to collect and maintai n f or the use o f the public a
re ference library o f books pamphl ets maps and manuscripts on the local , , ,
and general hi story resources and development of M innesota o f th e

, ,
United States and the world ; and to p romote the knowle dge o f the se sub
,
j ec t s among the citi zens o f the state .
I N C ORPORAT ION A ND O R GA N I z ATI O N
The original act or charter approved Octobe r 20 1 849 name d as

, , , ,
the i ncorporators C K Sm ith Davi d Olmsted H H Sibley Aaron Good

. .
, , . .
,
rich Davi d Coope r B B M eeker A M M itchell T R Potts J C

, ,
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, . .
, . .
Ramsey H M Rice F Steele Charles W B orup D B L oomi s M S

,
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, . .
Wi lkinson L A Babcock Henry Jackson W D Phill ips Will iam H

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,
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Forbes Martin M c L eo d and thei r associ ates Charles K Smith who i s

, . .
,
named first in th e li st o f incorporators was the sec reta ry o f the territory ,
and seems to have been the leading spi ri t i n bringing about the o rganiza
ti on The society was duly organ ize d i n the o fli c e o f the secretary o f the
.
territor y a room in an ol d log hotel on N ovembe r 1 5 1 849 The offi cers

, , ,
.
chosen at this meeti ng were : Alexander Ramsey p resident ; D avi d Olm ,
sted and Martin M c L eo d vice p resi dents ; Charles Kilgo re Smith sec re ,
tary ; and Will iam H Forbes treasurer The formal ceremonies o f open
.
,
.
i ng o r dedication were held at the M ethodist church on Market street ,
St Paul January I 1 8 50 and are thus reported in a local pape r o f the

.
, ,
period : The fi rst exe rci ses o f the M innesota Hi stori ca l Society took place
490 ST PAU L AN D V I C I N ITY
.
at the M ethodi st church on the first inst a n d passed o ff highly c reditable .

,
to all concerned The day was p leasant an d the attendance large At the
. .
app ointed hou r the president an d both vice p resi dents o f the society be ing
,
absent o n motion o f H o n C K Smith H on Chie f Justice Good rich was

,
. . .
, .
called to the chai r The same gentleman then m oved that a commi ttee
.
consi sting o f M essrs Pa rsons K Johnson John A Wake field and B W

. .
, . . .
B runson be appoi nted to wai t up on the o rator o f the day Rev M r Neill
, ,
. .
,
and in form hi m that the audi ence wa s waiting to hear his address M r . .
N eill was S hortly conducted to the pulp it ; a n d a fter an eloquent a n d ,
approp riate p rayer by the Rev M r Parsons an d music by the band he . .

,
p roceeded to delive r hi s discourse upon the early French m i ssi onarie s and
voyageurs into M innesota We hope the soc iety will provi de fo r its pub
.
l i c a t i o n at a n early day A fter some brie f remarks by Rev M r Hobart

. . .
upon the obj ects and ends of hi story the ceremonies we re conclude d w ith ,
a prayer by that g e ntleman The au dience d ispersed highly delighte d w i th

.
”
all that occurre d .
The fact that an i nstitution o f thi s nature was o rganize d at the very
beginning o f soci ety i n thi s state w hich i n ol der states had generally been ,
the outgrowth o f wealth cul tu re a n d time w a s a matter of su rpri se to

, ,
those not famil iar w ith the energy w ith which western m e n i n the early
stages o f settlement p rov ide themselve s w ith the instituti ons o f olde r
communi ties A S the editor o f a N ew Yo rk paper sai d : There i s noth
.
ing too fl atteri ng to p redict o f the future greatne ss and p ro sperity o f a

people who commence to w rite thei r history as soon as the foundati ons o f
”
thei r comm onwealth are laid .
I t w a s not however a very encoura ging p rospect fo r a n i nstitution

, ,
o f that kind The population o f St Paul was only 400 or 500 and there
. . ,
w ere but three o r fou r towns i n the territory which was the n still o c ,
c u p i e d by the Indi ans a n d had altogether not ove r white i nhabitants .
These we re mostly poo r settlers and i n the struggle for subsi stence i n a ,
new country still a wilde rne ss had scarcely lei su re o r means to cultivate
,
e sthetic s o r w rite or study h i story Consequently the development o f .
the society w a very slow du ring the first few y ears I n 1 8 58 there were
s .
only 44 1 vol umes in the library and th ose o f mi no r valu e ,

.
P L A C E S OF M EE TI N G
There was al so much d i fficulty during the first four or five years in
p rocuring a suitable place to hol d the meetings o f the societ y a n d to de
posit its collection s The Capitol wa s not completed until 1 8 53 a n d
. ,
meantime the meeti ngs w ere held at the o f fice o f the territo rial sec reta ry
a n d other places until N ovember 1 8 55 when a room was p rovi de d i n
. , ,
the Cap itol for the permanent use o f the society .
M eantime the annual meetings o f the society had been regularly hel d
in public ; important a n d valuable papers had been read and add re sse s de
l ive red wh ich with other contributions concerni ng the early hi stor y o f
, ,
M innesota w ere publ i shed in pamphlet form yearly during the years
.
.
1 8 50, 1 8 51 1 8 52 and 1 8 53
.
and were c i rculated a s w i d e l v as the mean s
,
o f the so c iety would permit .
I n 1 8 55 the improved con di tion o f the society seemed to ca l l for

means to p rovi de a futu re pe rmanent e di fice fo r its u se It w a s there fo re .
re solved to procure a tract o f g roun d wh ile i t coul d be done ch eaply fo r . ,
a l ibrary buil ding for the society The onl y w a y thi s coul d be a e com .
p l i s h e d was b V rai sing a fund f rom the sal e o f li fe member ships at .

ST PAUL AN D VI C I N ITY
. 491
twenty five dollars each and without much delay sixty two C i tizens b e i
-
,
-
came li fe members With the proceeds two lots on the co rner of W a

.
basha and Tenth a ve ry el igible and central location were pur ,
chase d at a total cost of Thi s was a j u dicious and fo rtunate step

for the society as the p roperty was soon worth ten fol d the amount paid
, .
On N ovember 2 7 1 8 55 the society met for the first time says the
, , ,
“
minutes i n the hall set apa rt i n the Capitol fo r the ir u se and properly
, ,
”
furni shed w ith shelve s For the fi rst time they were able to open thei r
.
doors to the public in a suitable and permanent location , .
The le gi slature o f 1 8 56 at the sugge stion and request o f the society , ,
passed an ac t approp riating $ 500 annually to aid it i n accompl ish ing its
w ork A j oint resolution was al so passed requesti ng Rev E D Neill
. . . .
,
then secretary o f the soc iety to prepare a compilation o f material s for the ,
H istory o f M innesota o f which copi es were o rdere d to be pri nted

,
.
B UI LD I N G P RO J E C T FA LL S
The rapid i ncrease o f population at that time le d the society to b e
lieve that means could be p rocured fo r the erection o f a hall o n its prop
er t y and with perhaps too l ittle del iberation i t was resolved to commence
, , ,
the same O n June 24 1 8 56 the corner stone o f the propose d building

.
, ,
was lai d with Masonic and other ceremonie s An oration was p ronounced .
by Lieut M F Maury o f the United State s Navy and a number of di s

. . .
, ,
t i n gu i s h ed guests were i n attendance A procession composed o f the .

,
c ivi c societies o f St Paul and other towns i n the terri to ry with a mil itary
.
,
escort consi sting o f Capt Thos W Sherman s famou s battery f rom Fort . . .
’
Snelling marched through the p rincipal streets forming altogether an o c

, ,
casion o f much i nte rest The foundation wall s o f the buil ding were .
completed but here wo rk was disconti nue d a fter several hundred dol
, ,
'
lars had b ee n e x p en d e d i n the proj ect Th e i n flate d c ondition o f the

'
money market had led the society to be l ieve that the means necessary
could be rai sed w ithout troubl e ; but be fore any furthe r funds were c o l
l ec t e d the financial revolution of 1 8 57 occu rre d eff ort to complete the
, .
building was abandone d and was never resumed ,

.
S O C I E TY R E SUS C ITAT ED
From thi s dormant state the society w as resus citated in the wi nter o f
1 863 4 -
The legislature renewed its annual appropriation and a num
.
,
ber o f active gentlemen we re admitte d to membership The society r e .
sumed work under flattering p rospects and f rom thi s period dates its ,
real success Its apartment i n the Capitol bei ng neede d for other pur
.
’
poses room s were rented in Inge rsoll s block a nd placed under the care
,
o f the librarian o f the St Paul L ibrary in the same edi fice T he pub “
. .
l i c a t i o n o f its collections was al so resumed .
In 1 868 the legi slatu re cau se d apartments i n the C apitol to be pre

pared for the s o c i e t v to whi ch its library an d mu seum was removed i n
October o f that year I n 1 8 69 the legi slature somewhat inc reased the
.
annual allowance s which enabled the society to employ a librarian per

,
m ane n t l y .
B ROA D SC OP E A ND P URPOS E S
The comprehen sive character o f the scope a n d purpose o f the M inne
sota H i sto rical Soci ety and its laudable ambition to do thorough w ork,
492 ST PAUL AN D V I C I N IT Y
.
along i ts allotted l ines i s made evi dent by one o f the early requests for
,
“
contributions to its l ibrary and collections cove ring everything relat ,
”
i n g to ou r own state :
. 1 Travels and explo rations ; c ity di rector ies ; copie s o f the earl ier
law s and j ou rnal s o f ou r legi slature ; ordinance s o f c itie s ; and in short , ,
eve ry book on any subj ect p rinted i n the state o r el sewhe re relating to it
, , , , .
.2 Pamphlets o f all ki nd : Catalo gu es o f M innesota college s and othe r

institutions o f learning ; annual reports o f soci etie s ; sermons and a d
dre sses del ivere d i n thi s state ; minute s o f church conventions synod s , ,
o r other eccle siastical bo die s o f M innesota ; pol itical add resses ; railroa d
and board o f trade repo rts and eve ry other pamphlet rel ating to thi s state , .
Files o f M inne sota new spapers and magazine s e specially com ,
p l e t e volumes o f past years o r single numbers even Publ ishers are

, .
earn estly requeste d to contribute the i r publ ications regularly all o f which ,
will be care fully p rese rve d and bound .
.
4 M aterial s for M inne sota hi story : Old letters ; j ournal s and manu ,
scri pt narrative s o f the p ioneers o f M i nnesota ; original pape rs on the

early hi sto ry a n d settlement o f the territory ; adventu re s and confl icts
during the I ndian wa r o r the late Rebel lion ; biographie s of the pioneers
o f every county either l iving o r deceased together w ith thei r portrai ts
, ,
and autograph s ; a sketch o f the settlement o f every tow n and v il lage i n

the state wi th names o f the fi rst settle rs We sol icit article s on every
,
.
subj ect connecte d w ith M i nne sota h isto ry .
Maps O f town si tes or counties o f any date ; V iew s and engravings

o f bu ildings o r h i sto ric place s ; draw ings o r photographs o f scener y ; paint
ings ; portraits etc connected w ith M inne sota hi story
,
.
,
.
6. Curi osities o f all ki nd s for ou r mu seum : Coins ; medal s ; paint

ings ; portraits ; engravings statues ; wa r rel ic s ; autograph lette rs o f di s
t i n gu i s h e d person s etc ,
.
7. Facts illu strative o f ou r I ndian t ribe s : Thei r hi story ; characte r

i s t i c s rel igi on etc ; sketches o f thei r promi nent ch ie f s o rators and war
, ,
.
,
rio rs together w i th contributi ons o f Indian weapons costumes curiosi

, ,
tie s and implements ; al so stone axes spear s arrow heads pottery o r , , , ,
other rel ics o f the prehi storic race s .
The amended charter o f 1 8 56 enacted : The obj ects o f sai d soci ety ,
w ith the enlarged powers and duties herein p rov ided shall be i n addi , .
ti on to the collection an d p reservation o f publications manu scripts anti , ,
q u i t i e s curio si ties and all other th ings pertaining to the social pol itical
, , ,
and natural hi story o f M innesota to cultivate among the citize ns thereo f ,
a knowledge o f the u se fu l a n d l ibe ral arts sci ence a n d l iterature ,

.
The wo rk o f th i s society there fore compri se s :

1
. The collecti on p reservation a n d publ ication o f mate rials for the
,
histo ry o f M inne sota and its peopl e .
2 The collection and management o f a l ibrary containing u se fu l

.
works o f re ference on the l ocal and general h i story o f M innesota o f the ,
United State s and the worl d and o n all other valuabl e departments o f ,
kno wled g e .
3 .The di ff u si on among the citi zens o f the state of use ful knowledge
, ,
.
O FFI C E R S
The M i nnesota Hi storical Society has al ways been fo rtunate i n its

o fficer s Its p resi dents have been such men as Al exande r Ram se y H
. ,
.
M R ice H H S ibl e y W R Marshall George A Ham ilton John Mat

. . .
,
. .
,
.
,
. 493
toc k s Russell B lakeley Charle s E Mayo John B Sanborn Greenlea f

, , .
, .
,
Clark and N P L angford The successive secretaries the executive o f

. . .
,
fic e r s o f the o rganization on whom the burden o f responsibil ity has fallen ,
to whom the credit fo r its di stingui shed success has bee n largely due ,
have been Charles K Smith Rev E D Ne ill Wi lliam H Kelly Charles .

, . . .
, .
,
E M ayo J Fletcher Willi ams Will iam R Marshall and Warren U p

.
, .
, .
ham M r Williams was secretary from 1 867 to 1 893 twenty S i x years

. .
,
-
.
Henry P Upham president of the Fi rst National Bank o f St Paul

.
, .
,
serve d the society thi rty— three years as treasurer and contributed ma ,
t e r i a l l y toward placing its finances o n a substanti al basi s Among tho se .
w ho have served as o ffice rs and councilors i n addition to those above ,
mentioned have bee n E F D rake D r S Y M c M as t e r s D r J B Phil

, . .
, . . .
, . . .
l ip s James W Taylor D W I ngersoll George L Becker D r R O

, .
,
. .
, .
,
. . .
Sweeny John I reland W B Dean Josiah B Chaney James J H ill and

, , . .
, .
, .
many others conspicuous i n the annal s o f the city and the state The .
present of ficer s are : William H L ightner acting presi dent ; Charles P .

,
Noyes V i ce presi dent ; Warren Upham secretary and librarian ; E verett

, ,
H Bailey treasurer ; Davi d L Kingsbury assistant l ibrarian ; John Tal

.
, .
,
man new spaper l ibrarian

, .
R E MO V A L To NE W CAPITO L
I n the summer o f 1 90 5 the society entere d a new and better epoch ,
by the remova l o f i ts l ibrary and museum to the magni fice nt and fir e

proo f new capitol The five large rooms thus occupied how eve r are .
, ,
al ready entirely filled by th e growth o f these collections and the adj oining ,
corri dor i s al so filled with bookcases an d mu seum cases The urgent need .
for a l ibrary building i s mani fest to all and will no doubt soon comman d ,
favo rable attention f rom the legi slature .
S O C I ETY P UB L I C ATIO N S
The publ ications o f the H istorical Society al ready constitute a collee
tion o f historical descriptive an d biographical papers o f incalculable
, , ,
value to the state an d the nation The unprece dente d advantage o f the .
very early formation o f thi s association i s here made mani fest The first .
annal s o f the coming emp ire have been written by the emp i re — builders
themselves ; many o f the contributors coul d truth fully have sai d o f thei r
“ ”
narrations : All o f this I saw an d much o f i t I was The following , _
.
brie f catalogue o f these publications a series o f thi rteen octavo volume s , ,
w ill suggest thei r interest and importance
V ol 1 consi sts o f a republication i n 1 87 2 again reprinted i n 1 902

.
-
, ,
o f 2 9 papers which were originally i ssued from 1 8 50 to 1 8 56 an d are

, ,
by such authors as N ei ll Sibley Ram sey H obart Riggs Goodrich , , , , , ,
M orrison and Wi lliamson It contains 4 30 pages . .
Vol 2 was publi shed in three parts dated respectively 1 860 1 864
.
, ,
and 1 867 Part 3 was not at fi rst consecutively paged and thus the
.
, , ,
volume coul d not be conveniently indexed ; but that part was reprinted
( in and the account o f the celebration o f the Carver Centena ry
was added with an index o f the W hole volume Pages 2 94
,
. .
Vol 3 pu bli shed in three parts dated 1 8 70 1 8 74 and 1 880 ; paged

.
, , ,
continuously and in d exed ; illustrate d with a steel engraving o f Rev .
John Mattocks Pages vi i i 43 3 .

,
.
494 ST . P AU L A N D VI C I N I TY
ol Hi story o f the City o f St Paul a n d Cou nty o f Ramsey

4,
'
-
. .
,
M i nnesota by J Fletc he r William s containing a very full sketch o f

, .
,
the fi rst settlement and early days o f St Paul 1 8 3 8 to 1 848 an d o f the .

, ,
territory from 1 849 to 1 8 58 ; li sts o f the early settlers a n d claim owne rs ;

amu sing events o f p i onee r days ; biographical sketche s o f ove r two hun
dred p rominent men o f early times ; t hree steel portraits and forty seve n -
wood cuts ( portraits a n d views ) ; pages 4 7 5 Publ i shed i n 1 87 6

-
. .
V ol 5 Hi story o f the Oj ibway N ation by Will iam W \V a r r e n

.
, , .
,
w ith an appendix o f 1 1 6 page s by Rev E D Neil l and a memoi r o f . . .
Warren by J Fletche r Williams Publ i shed i n 1 88 5 Page s 53 5

. . . .
V ol 6 publ ished i n three parts i n 1 88 7 1 89 1 and 1 8 94 comp ri sing

.
, , ,
m i scellaneous papers on the hi story o f M innesota and the Northwest ,
w ith eight portraits and a n i ndex Page s iv 556 .

,
.
V o l 7 The M i ssi ssippi River and its Source ; 3 N arrative and C ritical
.
,
H i story o f the Rive r an d its Headwate rs accompanied by the re sults ,
o f detai le d hydrographic and topograph ic su rveys ; i llustrated with many

map s portraits a n d view s o f scener y ; by H on J V B rowe r commi s
, ,
. . .
,
s i o n e r o f the Itasca State Park repre senti ng al so the State H i storica l ,

“
S ociety With an appendix : How the M i ssi ssippi Rive r and the L ake
.
o f the Woods became instrumental i n th e e stabli shment o f the N orth

western Boundary o f the Unite d States by Al fred J H ill Publi shed , . .
in 1 8 93 Pages xv 3 60
.
, .
V ol 8 publ i shed i n th ree part s 1 895 1 896 and 1 898 ; mi scellaneou s

.
, , ,
papers o n the hi story o f M i nnesota and the N orthwest w ith 2 8 plates ,
( portraits 1 i e w s maps e t c
,
a n d 7 figures i n the text
,
Pages xi i 54 2
, . .
,
.
Vol 9 publ i shed i n 1 90 1 ; twenty four m i scellaneou s papers o n the

.
,
-
h i story o f M in n esota a n d the N orthwest w ith 2 2 plates Contains pro ,

.
“
c ee d i n g s o f the celebration o f the fi ftieth anniversary o f the M innesota
H i storical S oci ety with addre sses by Ramsey Sanborn L angford Pills
, , , ,
bur y Fl a n d r a u L e Duc N orth rop B i shop \V h i ppl e Governor L ind

, , , , ,
Senator C K Davi s a n d othe rs Pages x i v 694

. .
, .
V ol 1 0 publi shed i n 1 90 5 i n two parts con secutively paged In

.
, , , .
its Part I I beside s an i nde x to the whole volume are an i ndex o f the
, ,
authors and p ri ncipal subj ects in the se ries o f V olume s I to X and a ,
personal i ndex o f V olumes I to I X both o f which were compi led from .
the indexe s o f those volumes .
Vol 1 1 I tasca State Park a n I llu strate d H istor y by J V B rower

.
, ,
. .
,
autho r o f Volume V I I M innesota H i sto ri cal Collections Publi shed in ,

.
1 905 . Page s 2 8 5 .
V ol 1 2 publi shed 1 909 contains papers a n d addresses p resented

.
, .
be fore the society 1 90 5 to 1 908 Pages x x 8 2 7 w ith 38 portraits a n d

,
.
, ,
il lustrations .
V o l 1 3 publ i shed 1 908 contai ns the biograph ie s o f the governors o f

.
, ,
M i nnesota written b y Gen James H Baker Page s 480 w ith por

. . . .
,
tra i ts .
A volume entitled The Aborigine s o f M i nne sota b y Pro f N H

'
‘
. . . .
Wi nchell di ff erent f rom th e foregoing in its quarto S i ze was publ i shed

, ,
i n 1 9 1 1 i n pursuance o f plan s by the late H o n J V B rowe r to treat

,
. . .
the archaeology o f th i s state its aboriginal mounds the Indian tribes , .
and thei r implements weapons a n d o r naments E xt e n s i v e m an u s c r i pt s

.
and p l atb o o k s o f T I I L ewi s a n d th e late Al f r ed J H ill o f St Paul

. . .
.
comp rising records o f a r chaeological explorations th roughout M inne

sota during many y ea r s a r e u sed “ ith large additi ons from M r . .
’
B rower s and th e author s pe rson a l expl oration s and su rve y s In th e
’
.
496 ST P AUL A ND VI C I N ITY
.
to all ou r people I t comp ri ses the j ournal s o f the legislature and

.
,
the laws enacted ; rep orts o f the supreme court ; messages and reports o f
executive o ffice rs an d departments o f the state government ; reports o f
the S tate University normal schools and i nstitutions o f correcti on a n d
, ,
charity ; c a ta l Og u e s o f our colleges a n d academies ; reports o f the State

Geological Survey ; o f county c ity a n d tow n o fficers boar ds o f trade , , , ,
railway a n d other corporations ; state county city an d tow n histories , , ,
a tlases a n d busi ness di rector ies ; the publi shed proceedings and reco rds
,
o f the numerous religious charitable a n d social organizations ; and , ,
many historical desc riptive biograph ical a n d stati stical works beginning
, , , ,
w ith th e narratives o f the earli est explorers o f the area o f M i nnesota .
This collecti on numbers boun d books a n d about pamphlets , .
I t c a n be sai d w ith truth sai d Warren Upham the secretary an d , ,
the l ibrarian o f the H i storical L ibrary i n a newspaper interview that , ,
w ith one exception thi s library leads all others i n the cou ntry i n family
and local h istories The most extensive i s the N ew E ngland H i storic
.
Genealogical S oc iety L ibrary at Boston We have he re more than two .
thousan d bound books on ge nealogy These deal w ith particular familie s .
o f the United States a n d Canada A large amount o f i n formation c o n .
cerning famil ies i s to be found i n the town a n d county hi stories o f which

we have a fine collection Practically every section o f the country i s .
deal t w ith For M assachu setts alone we have over eleven hundred o f
.
these histories This is the large st collection For the other states the
. .
mate rial i s more i n p roportion o f New Hamp shi re for which there are ,
two hundre d volumes The west wh ich i s n o t so vene rable as the east
.
,
and i n whi ch the re i s less i nterest a n d care taken in local histories i s ,

”
nevertheless wel l repre sented .
Seve ral hundreds o f l i fe size portraits o f M i nnesotans have been .
collected by the society either through donation or pu rchase only a , ,
mi nor porti on o f wh ich can be placed o n exhibition owing to lack o f

, ,
space About
. smal le r portraits a n d othe r p ictu res are owne d by
the society a n d are alphabetically catal ogued so as to be immediately
accessible .
O n account o f the steady i ncrease o f the l ibrary portrait collection ,
and museum it i s evi dent that a n e w a n d ampl e buil ding to be occup ied by
, ,
thi s society similar to those devoted to state hi sto ry i n M adi son Wi scon
, ,
s i n a n d D es M oines I owa shoul d soon be p rovi ded p re fe rably on some

, , , ,
site nearly adj oining the new capitol M innesota has j ust cause fo r pri de .
i n the w ork al ready achieved by the H i storical Society a n d may wel l pat ,
te rn a fter adj oi ni ng state i n erecting a n e w a n d adequate fi reproo f building

’
for the soci ety s collections and meetings .
H ISTOR I C A L A N D AR C H A E L O G I CA L RELI C S
Many hi storical reli cs have been donated to the society illustrative o f ,
the conditi ons o f the pionee r settlement o f M innesota ; o f the Si oux war
a n d th e Civil war ; o f the people who built the thousand s o f prehi storic
mounds i n thi s state and o f the tribes the Si oux an d Oj ibways who were
, , ,
l iving here when the fi rst wh ite m e n reached thi s region These m i s c e l .
l a n e o u s mu seum collections a re exh ibited i n the main corridor o f th e

society s rooms adj oining the l ibrary I n the same large corri do r are
’
,
.
also exhibited a chai r once owned by George Washi ngton ; th e steering

wheel o f the old f rigate M innesota which was built i n 1 8 55 and di d “
, _
good service in the C ivil war ; a large collecti on o f Phi l ip pine weapon s
.
497
p resente d by Governor L ind ; a Spani sh garrote w hich was long used for ,
executi ons i n a M anila prison p resented by M aj o r E dwin S Bean ; an , .
Oj ibway bi rch canoe ; the very large mounted head o f a bu ff alo that was
ki lled by Governor Marshal l yand others ; and the fine head o f a moose
presente d by Governor Ne l s o n I n the newspaper room i s the fi rst p rint .
ing p ress u sed in M i nnesota presente d by the Pioneer Press Company , .

,
on which James M Goodhue printe d the M i n n es o ta P i o n eer P r es s i ssuing

.
,
the fi rst number Ap ril

The society s archae o logical museum i s its southe ast corner room i n
’
which the very extensive collections donated by the late Rev E dward C . .
M itchell are di splayed in fourteen large glass cases These collections o f .
abo riginal implements weapons and o rnaments had been gathere d by him
, ,
at hi s home i n St Paul during many years f rom nearly every state and
.
, ,
territory o f the Union a n d i n less numbers f rom many foreign countries

, .
H is donati o ns an d his subsequent additions compri se about pieces ,
or relics made o f stone bone shell horn copper potte ry and a few o f
, , , , , ,
brass lead i ron, glass and wood Other great archaeological collections
, ,
.
were al so brought together for this soc iety by the late Hon J V B rower . . .
,
a membe r o f the counc il and chai rman o f its museum committee Thi s .
material comprises a vast numbe r o f specimens in total e xceedi ng ,
o f stone implements and weapons flakes from thei r manu facture bone , ,
and copper ornaments pottery etc partly f rom the m o dern I ndians , ,
.
, ,
partly f rom the ancient m ounds throughout M inne sota and a large region ,
reaching west to the Rocky mountain s and south to Kansas .
TH E K E N S I N GTO N R U N E S TON E
A remarkable relic which was for some months in 1 909 1 0 deposited

,
-
i n the museum o f the M innesota Hi storical Society was the Kensington ,
Rune Stone I f the authenticity o f its inscriptions shall be thoroughly

.
established it i s confidently hoped that the stone may become the prop
,
e r ty o f the state for nowhere coul d it be so appropriately deposite d as

,
i n this collecti on I t woul d be o f p riceless value a n d o f undying interest

. .
We comp ile the following account o f thi s stone from the w ritings o f
Very Rev F ranci s J Schae fer D D member o f the counci l o f the
. . _ ,
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Hi storical Society and rector o f St Paul Semi nary ,

. .
In August 1 898 a Swe dish farmer by the name o f Ola f Ohman was
, , , ,
busying himsel f i n clearing a tract o f hi s land situated about three miles ,
i n a northerly di rectio n from Kensington D ouglas county M i nnesota , ,

.
While u p r o o t i n g a poplar tree eight or ten inches i n diamete r on th e side

-
, ,
o f a morainic hill he discovered a stone which has been and still i s the
, ,
subj ect of wi despread i nterest an d di scussion The stone is thi rty inches .
l o ng si xteen i nches w ide and six inches thick an d weighs about two hun
,
dred and thi rty pounds I t i s a graywacke o f dark gray color evidently .
, ,
ri fted from some large boulder o f the glacial dri ft w hich forms the sur ,
face o f all the region On the face o f the stone an d on the si de there is an
.
i nscription i n strange C haracters which we re believe d and have since ,
been p rove n to be runic letters such as were i n use centuries ago among , , ,
the Germanic an d Scandinavian nations .
As there was no runic scholar in the neighborhood o f Kensington t h e ,
stone was sent to the pro fesso r o f Scandinavian literature i n the Univer ~
s i ty o f M i nnesota and to other Swedi sh N orwegian and Dani sh scholars

, ,
in Chicago They deciphered the inscription ; but as it contained the

. .
account o f an explorati on to that spot by N orsemen i n the fourteenth cen

498 S T PAU L A N D V I C I N I TY
.
SI D E V I E W FRO NT V I E W
TH E K E N SI NGTO N RUN E STO N E
.
tury i t was generally held to be a f r a u d o f r ecent date A n d thus the

'
.
,
stone was returned to its owner who used it as a step to the doo r o f his ,
barn A new exami nation o f the i nsc ription was made afterwards by M r
.
.
H j almar Rued Holand a scholar o f Scandinavian hi story and l iterature

, .
While p reparing a history o f Norwegian immigration to the United States ,
he traveled extensively among the Norwegian settlements i n the north

west I n August 1 907 he happene d to be i n D ouglas county ; there he
.
, ,
learne d f rom M r Ohman the c i rcumstances o f the fi nding o f the stone

.
and obtai ne d it f rom him for fu r ther study The result o f his researches .
was presented i n an elaborate paper read at the monthly meeting o f the ,
M innesota Historical Society December 1 3 1 909 , , .
The inscription as interp reted i n E n gl i s h by M r Holand reads as fol : .
"
, ,
lows : 8 Goths ( Swedes ) and 2 2 Norwegians o n an exploring j ourney

“
f rom Vinland very far west We had a camp by 2 skerries ( rocks in the .
’
water ) one day s j ourney north from this stone We w ere out fishing o n e .
day When we returne d home we found 1 0 men red w it h bloo d and

“
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,
dead A V M ( Ave Maria o r Av e Vi rgo M aria ) Save us f rom evil

.
,
. .
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We have 1 0 men by the sea to look a fte r our vessel 1 4 ( 4 1 days ,
j ou rney from this i sland Yea r .
We learn from thi s account that thi rty S wedish a n d Norwegian ,
exp l orers came to the central weste rn part o f w hat i s now M innesota o n a
j ourney of exploration made i n 1 3 62 Thei r starting point was Vinlan d .
,
a country along the eastern coast o f North America They put up a camp .
nea r a lake at the p oint o f which were found two rocks i n the wate r ; the
,
camping place was about a day s j ourney to the north f rom the spot where ’
the stone was found One day they went out fi shing on the lake and
.
,
when they returned to thei r camp they found that ten o f thei r men were ,
killed by savages Thereupon they packed up thei r belongings and

.
\
departe d in all haste at fi rst i n a southerly d irecti on A fter having

,
.
traveled for about a day they rested on an i sland carved into a stone ,
the record o f their j ourney and addressed a prayer to the B lessed Vi rgin ,
Mary to save them from further evil Thei r sh ip was le ft by the se a .
in the custody o f ten men at a distance o f about forty —one days

’
j ourney ( The rendering o f the numerals i ndicating the distance to

.
thei r ship i s not altogether certain ; they might mean 1 4 or 4 1 days .
H oweve r forty one seems to be the more probable )

,
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The great question i s whether the inscription be genuine i e , ,

. .
,
whethe r it be really a record le ft there b y Scandinavian e xplorers i n the

fourteenth century I t may be sai d at the very outset that di rect ev i
.
,
d e n c e s or testimonies i n favor o f its authenticity are lacking All that .
can be done i s to gather a certai n numbe r o f reasons o r facts which will ,
make it l ikely that the monument i s reall y what i t claims to be The .
i dea o f a recent f raud seems to be excluded by the ci rcumstance s o f

the place The stone was lying flat with its rune i nscribed face dow n
.
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ward was thi nly covered by the sur face soil ; a n d over it had grown a
,
poplar tree wh ich had sent its main roots dow n at one side o f the
,
stone while another large root crossed th e stone and then passe d down
,
at its opposite edge All the roots that covered the stone we re flattened
.
-
on the side nearest to it ; and the tree according to a general estimate , ,
was about forty years old Hence the stone was in its position at least .
since about the year 1 8 60 ; a time when there were no white settle rs
w ith in one hundred miles o f th e place and the nearest rai lroad was four ,
hundred miles away .
The j ourney itsel f o f these daring Norsemen into the interi or o f the
—4
500 ST PAUL AN D VI C I N ITY
.
American conti nent i s not at all impossibl e I t i s a matte r o f hi story .
that the N orsemen V isite d the coast o f N orth America a secti on o f ,
which they called V inland ( land o f w ine ; either N ew E nglan d or N ova

Scotia ) from the abundance o f w il d grape s found there These V i sits .
commence d about the year 1 000 a n d continued for seve ral centuries ,
.
Why shoul d n o t some o f them duri ng a longer soj ou rn i n V inland, ,
undertake a j ourney o f explorati on into the i nte rior o f the land which ,
o f fered to them such treasure s i n natural resource s ?

The most important matter to be examine d is the language an d the
styl e o f the i nscription M r Holan d i s sati sfied that both are in per fect
. .
harmony w ith the S candinavian documents o f the fourteenth century ,
with w hi ch he compared the inscription o f the ru ne stone One par .
t i c u l a r f eature seems to bear out hi s contention— the salutation a d

dressed to the B lessed Vi rgin Ma ry the Ave M ari a which shows the , ,
chi ldlike faith o f the p eople i n the M i ddle Age s th e hab it o f hav i ng ,
recourse to the M other o f God in all ci rcumstances particularly i n times ,
o f nee d a n d di stre ss The N orsemen o f the fourteenth century were

.
o n e in faith w ith the Cathol ics o f other countri es o f E urop e ; an d hence

they had the same customs and devotions I f a Scandinav ian o f our .
o w n time had perpetrate d a forgery he w oul d scarcely have thought o f ,
p lacing the i nvocatio n to the Vi rgi n M ary on the stone becau se any ,
thing li ke a devotion to the Sai nts i s entirely foreign to the min d o f

Prote stants .
Concerning the probable route taken by the exp l orers Pro fessor ,
Andrew Fossum o f St Ola f Col lege No r t h fiel d M innesota gave an

,
.
, , .
intere sting theory i n the No r w egi a n A m er i c an No r th fi el d Mi nnesota , , ,
Octobe r 2 2 1 909 According to it the travelers set out f rom Vinland

,
.
,
passe d through H ud son straits into Hu dson bay l e ft thei r S hip near ,
the mouth o f Nelson or Hayes river made a canoe j ou rney into Lake ,
Winni p eg an d along the Re d r iver to its fi rst series o f strong rapi ds and
f al ls te rm inating a few miles below Fergu s Falls M innesota and thence
, , ,
crossed the country p robably by stream s smal l lakes an d portages som e

, , , ,
twenty m iles southeastward to Pelican lake For thi s inland j ourney .
fou rteen days might be su f ficient provi de d the travelers were on the ,
road for about fi fteen hours a day an d were not hampere d by special ,
di fficulties Still i t i s rather a short space o f time fo r such a long

.
di stanc e ; and h ence the rendering o f the numera l s i n the inscription by

4 1 days i s altogethe r more likely I nte resting accounts o f the rune .
'
stone an d the qu estion connected therew ith may be found i n H ar per s

W e e kl y Octobe r 9 1 909 f rom the p e n o f M r H oland and f rom that
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,
o f M r Warren Upham secretary o f the M innesota H i storical Society
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i n Reco rds o f the Past January February 1 91 0 ,
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,
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I n the summer o f 1 9 1 1 thi s rune stone was taken to S weden an d

N orway by M r Holand and was submitted to exami nation by the most
.
,
expert Scandinavian l inguists an d r u n o l o g i s t s o f which he publ ished a ,
report i n Records o f the Past Septembe r—

“
October 1 9 1 1
,
He con , .
eludes that the arguments for the authenticity o f the stone as a historical
’
record set forth i n the report o f thi s S oc iety s Mu seum committee are
. ,
far more rel iable than an y obj ections that have been u rged against it .
C H A PT E R X LV I
ST P AUL A R TI S T S A ND A R C H IT E C T S
.
O RIGI N OF S T P AU L I N S TITUT E— A C TI V ITI E S OF T H E I N S TITUT E— A FFI L IA

.
TIO N W ITH C L UB S A N D S O C I E TI E S— A LL IA N C E W IT H P UB L I C S C H OO L S
— S UGG E ST E D E X PA N S IO N — B U S I N E SS T RAI N I N G— G E R MA N S E C TIO N
OF TH E I N S TITUT E— S T P A U L A RTI S TS— P ROM I N E NT A R C H IT E C TS
. .
A movement o f comparatively recent origin to establ i sh an i n s t i t u

tion o f i ncalculabl e value to the ci ty The St Paul I nstitute has ,
.
,
p rogressed to the point which seems to guarantee a pe rmanent success .
The purpose o f its founders was to form the nucleus o f an organi zation
which S hould grow and develop until i t became coterminous with the
city itsel f making it a center o f art culture and education whi ch shoul d
, , ,
be so many side d that i t woul d i n some o f its activities meet the nee ds
-
o f eve ry one ; so democratic that it woul d reach and receive the support
o f al l classes ; so p ractical that the standard o f individual eflfic i e n c y
woul d be permanently rai sed So far as its obj ects w ere e ducational .
,
thei r tendency was and i s to trans form the city into a popular university
o f continuous education and it has there fore acqui red the secondary
,
“
title o f The People ’s University .
But its scope is even broader By combining into one o r ganization .
all the artistic musical scientific and other i ntellectual interests it hopes
, , ,
g S t Paul a great city in the large st sense o f

to ai d e ff ectually i n making .
.
Wh ile its Work w i ll contribute 1n no small degree to the city S

’
t h e word .
material prosperity it aim s chiefly to make it a better and pleasanter

,
place to live i n — to raise the standards o f its social and industrial li fe ;

to p rovi de the means o f culture and refinement ; to di f fuse interest i n
the arts and sciences i n the community ; in S hort t o make St Paul a ,
.
real cente r o f the higher c ivili zati on .
O RIGI N OF S T P AU L I N STITUT E .
T h is great institution origi nated i n the sugge stion o f a course o f f ree

lectures on hygi ene and sanitation w hich led to the organization early ,
in 1 907 o f t he St Paul Institute o f Science an d Letters a private enter

.
,
pri se supported by a few public spi rite d citizens Its lecture courses .
and classes met with such w ide popul arity that the i dea o f e stabl ishing
a l arger i nstitute i n the general l ines o f the B rooklyn Institute o f Arts
and L etters took form and the present o rganization was i ncorporated
,
April 2 8 1 908 by Charles W Ames Arthu r Sweeny and L uciu s C O rd

, ,
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, .
way w ith a representative board o f fi f ty five trustees i ncluding ex o f

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fic i o the mayo r the p resi dents o f the school l ibrary and Au ditorium
, ,
board s and the superintendent o f school s By permanently includi ng

,
.
502 S T P AUL AN D VI C I N ITY
.
ST PAU L
. C A T H ED R A I FRO NT EL E V AT IO N
.
became the fi rst American denti st— all i n all proving himsel f to be the
m ost versatil e o f men .
The museum o f the St Paul I nstitute make s rap i d p rogress The col . .
lection o f shells fossi ls corals m inerals etc p re sente d by Rev E dward

, , , , .
, .
C M itchell was enough to place the i nstitute at one S tep in a very r e

.
s p ec t a b l e rank This collection includes more than 1 0 000 spec i mens

.
,
an d rep resents a money value o f at least $ 20 000 Many smalle r but , .
valuable gi fts have been added to the mu seum and a large number o f ,
ra re and i nteresting article s have been placed the re a s loan exhibits by

the owners who were glad to make u se o f the fi reproo f quarte r s o f the
,
museum to share thei r treasures w ith the publ ic The nucleus fo r a .
permanent and growi ng publ ic art collection has been started and though ,
the actual numbe r o f p ictures and sculptu re s belonging to the institute

i s smal l there have been a number o f most important a n d succe ssful loan
,
exhibi ts both large an d small inclu ding duri ng the past year a S ign i ficant
, ,
p ro fessional art exhibition .
A FFI L IATIO N W IT H C L UBS A ND S O C I E TI E S
T he secti ons o f the i nstitute are i n e ff ect clubs o r societies and rep ,
re sent the spontaneous activities o f the members Any group o f mem .
be rs i ntere sted i n studying some special sub j ect together c a n o rganize

, ,
as a section o f the institute a n d so obtai n all the spec ial help s which are ,
prov ided by the institute such as lecture li sts o f re ference books etc , , ,
.
In the practical work ing out o f the plan there are five large active s ec ,
tions which duri ng the past year have i ncrease d thei r membership and
ca rried on various p ro fitable and agreeabl e activ iti es such as lectu res , ,
classe s an d meetings They are French German E ngl ish fine and i n
.
, , ,
d u s t r i a l arts and professional art There was organized i n N ovember

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, ,
1 91 1 ,
the department o f science ; th i s i n addition to othe r functions w il l
di rect the futu re o f the museum whic h has grown too la rge to be handle d ,
w ithout some speci fic organ izati on to d irect the exhibits and prov ide fo r
acce ssions .
A S a part o f the purp ose to mak e itsel f the center o f art i nte rest c u l ,
tu re and education in St Paul the i nstitute early i n i ts hi sto ry took ove r

.
,
the A rt School Association conducting the St Paul School o f Fine Arts .

,
a p rivate organi zation mai ntained by an associati on o f earnest women

S ince 1 890 whi ch had done some admi rabl e w ork and e stabl i shed the
,
department known a s the St Paul I nstitute S c hool o f A rt The subjJ ects . .
embraced in i ts cu rriculum i nclud e w ork f rom the antique li fe still li fe , , , ,
costume s l i fe and portrait classe s water col or sculpture sketching com

, , , , ,
position general and commerci al design illustration mu ral deco ration

, , , ,
cartoon an d cari cature and handicra ft i n various l ines such as j ewelry

, ,
l eath er work stenci l ing w oodbl ock p rinting potte ry ceramics and book
, , , ,
binding Thi s school occupies th e thi rd and fou rth floors o f the au d i to
.
r i um ,
a n d i s under the di rect supe rvi si on o f the Institute art department .
The I nstitute Sch ool o f Art be si des bei ng an i nfluence both i n cul ,
ture and practi cal educati on i s doing e ff ective work i n adve rti sing the ,
ci ty and bringing students from othe r states as well as from ever y part
o f M innesota There were i n the art school du ring the y ear 1 9 1 1 e u
.
r o l l m e n t s f rom M ichigan Wi sconsi n North D akota S outh Dakota I owa

, , . ,
a n d Neb raska Most o f the high salaried positio ns i n the l ine o f art
.
and design h ere are fill ed by art i sts trained i n the In stitute A rt School ,
S T P AUL A ND VI C I N ITY
.
505
and a number o f students are doing graduate work h ere who made thei r
start in other school s .
A LL IA N C E W IT H P UB L I C SC H OO L S
All the other school s are under the direction o f Superintendent Potter
o f the city schoo ls and space has been made for them in the publ ic school s
, .
They are so closely all ied with the school system as almo st to form a part
o f it but their exp ense fall s largely upon the i nstitute except where in
, ,
o n e instance it was rei nforce d by the Builders E xchange These classes ’

.
'
include evening elementary schools ; evening high school s furni shing ,
courses i n academic branches commercial branches and shop and labora ,
tory training ; industrial school s where classes have been conducte d in ,
architectural and mechanical drawi ng s h ee tm etal wo rk cabinet work and , ,
carpentry pattern making an d othe r technical subj ects ; thi s i s the school
,
w hich has receive d the active support o f the Builders E xchange and ’
has been largely attended by workm en thus fo rming the nucleus o f a most ,
practical trade school ; school o f home econom ics i ncluding such subj ects ,
as cooking sew ing millinery home nursi ng an d dietetics ; the school o f

, , ,
education primarily for teachers under the form o f unive rsity extension
, ,
courses f rom the department o f education to the Unive rsity o f M inne

sota .
S UGG E S T ED Ex P A N S I O N
It i s the de si re o f those i n authority that the institute shoul d enlarge
its educational work i n several ways The first plan woul d i nvolve its
-
taking enti re charge o f the social center work i n which a beginning has ,
already been made i n the form o f f ree lectures o f which fi f ty three were ,
-
given in 1 91 1 i n the various schoolhouses with an attendance o f about ,
Another sugge sti on i s the addition of institute day classes in

elementary studie s for chil dren under 1 6 who are obliged to work and ,
that the i nsti tute p rovide one hundred f ree scholarships The third sug .
gestion i s that the institute shoul d c o operate with the school board in -
establi shi ng an elementary industrial school as a part o f the publ ic school

system of St Paul an undertaking which it i s bel ieved woul d be unique
.
,
in the United States .
It has been e stimated that there are more than wage earners
engaged here i n vocations demanding more or less technical ski ll and ,
that i f $ 1 were added pe r week to the pay envelope o f each i ndivi dual ,
more than a year w oul d be added to the wealth o f the city .
With a V iew to bringing about such an expansion o f the pay envelope the ,
’
St Paul I nstitute in cooperation w ith the Bu il ders E xchange establ i she d
.
these night i ndustrial school s as an experime nt It was found that these .
school s by increasi ng the e fli c i e nc y o f wage earners had added more

, ,
than to thei r earning powe rs .
TH E L AT E S T DE V E L OP M E N T
Chapter X L I I o f thi s volume describes the important step taken in

October 1 9 1 2 for the consol idation o f the Institute evening sch oo l s n u
, , ,
d e r a special principal i n the new M echanics Arts high school buil ding
,
.
.
Commenting in thi s splendid consummation a P i o n e er P r es s ed i tori al ,
says : O f course the ch ie f cred it i s due to the intell igent and ene rgetic
'
“
management o f the Institute But the school board shoul d come i n fo r .

506 S T P AU L AN D V I C I N ITY
.
a libe ral meed o f praise fo r its broad — m inde d coope ration w ith the I nsti
tute It has thus by a w i se and liberal pol icy made the great public inve st
.
ment in school bui ldings and plant available for the use o f all the people .
The superintendent o f schools has been and i s an important factor as the ,
I nstitute school s come under hi s general di rection The St Paul Buil d . .
ers E xchange has al so given great assi stance i n developing i ndustrial

’
e ducation o n its mo re practical side And now thanks to President Vin .

,
c ent the State Universi ty has j oi ned thi s e ducati onal combination and i s
,
o ffering university opportunities to St Paul people who are unable by .
reason o f thei r vocations and employment to go to M inneapol i s to take ,
the regular courses o f i nstructi on The un iversity has thu s opened a .
branch establi shment he re —as a department o f the I nstitute schools .
The cou rses o ff e re d by the University o f M innesota in conj unction ,
w ith the I nstitute are i dentical w ith courses o ff ered at the State Unive r
s i t y i n the f reshman and sophomore years conducte d by regular p r o f es ,
sors f rom the universi ty faculty and cre dits w il l be given i f desi red , , ,
agai nst regular work fo r a degree Some o f the subj ects : E conom ics .
,
acc ounting adverti sing salesmanship commerc ial c redit history o f e du

, , , ,
cati on E ngl ish l iterature geology German Greek medieval and mo dern
, , , , ,
hi story American political hi story L atin higher mathematics p sychology

, , , , ,
public speaking rheto ric French Norwegian l ite ratu re Swedi sh liter
, , , ,
ature sociology business law

, ,
.
B USI N E S S T R A I N I N G
E qually e ssential and even more vi sibly productive is busi ness trai n
,
i ng
. Two ki nds o f abi lity are needed— general ability to comprehend the
relation s o f the variou s parts o f the bu siness world to each othe r and to
the w hole a n d speci ali ze d ability to pe r fo rm the function o f a n y given
,
part Practical experience a f ford s the special ized ab il ity In ou r modern

. .
busi ness w orld how ever thi s i s necessarily narrow in the extreme The
, ,
.
special ize d worke r becomes so restricted by hi s spec ialty that he learns

l ittle o r nothing regarding the relati ons o f the various parts Thi s lack .
o f general abi l ity prevents him f rom advancing to positi ons o f b roader
gene ral e f ficiency He i s compelled to remai n i n hi s ow n narrow field
. .
General abili ty i n bu sine ss is i mpossible e xcept through bu siness educa

tion The busi ness w orl d need s especially m e n o f general ability Its
. .
great opportunities are open only to men o f broad e f ficiency To meet .
th i s need the St Paul I nsti tute has arranged with the University o f M i n
.
n es o t a to have three o f the mo st valuable a n d de sirable cou rse s in the
Unive rsity E xtension Business School given i n St Paul The three . .
cou rse s which have been selected w ill appeal particularly to the ambitious
young m an who has a n eye to p repari ng him sel f for important work i n
th e futu re by broadening hi s bu siness education T hese evening courses .
carry credit toward s a degree for those who contemplate doing addi
t i o n a l university work i n the future either by extension courses co rres .
p o n d e n c e cou rses o r by re si dent work at the university

,
.
A spi rit o f satis facti on at the manner i n which the St Paul Institute .
i s developing was shown regardless o f the fact that i t cost public spi rited -
citi zens who are corporate members o f the i nstitution to carry

on the work The bu dget wh ich has been made up fo r the coming y ear
.
, ,
also call s f or o f w hich app rox imately w ill be rai sed by

contribution The co st o f running the institute the fi rst year o f its
.
ST PAU L AN D V I C I N I TY
. 507
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ope ration was more than $ 2 2 000 and for the second year ,
A
total o f students i n al l classes regi stered last yea r .
Under its general plan the institute has p rovi ded many lectures and
has been the means o f bringing some very di stingui shed pe rsons to St .
Paul to speak on sub j ects upon w hich they we re authorities Two per .
f o r m a n c e s by Ben Greet players were arrange d for and a number o f ,
other dramatic social and musical ente rtainments have been given The
, .
beauti ful M innesota histo rical pageant pro duced in May 1 91 1 was not , ,
only a brill iant spectacular success but p roduced a substantial sum of ,
money for the benefit o f the art school I n these and many other ways .
the St Paul Institute has sought to stimulate the intell ectual activities
.
o f the people to di scove r an d foste r thei r latent talents and w hile rai s
, , ,
i ng thei r i deal s to place within thei r reach the means of reali zing thei r
,
che rished taste s and ambitions .
The of ficers o f the institute fo r 1 9 1 1 1 2 are C harles W Ames pres -

.
,
ident ; A B Stickney fi rst V ice presi dent ; E H Bailey second v ice p res
. .
, . .
,
i dent ; S G Smith third V ice pre si dent ; W A M iller treasurer ; Arthur

. .
,
. .
,
Sweeney secretary ; Charles J Hunt business manage r

, .
,
.
G E R M A N S E C TION OF T H E I N STITUT E
Out o f a hand ful o f Germans who three years ago founded a German ,
section o f the St Paul Institute is developing the strongest i ntellectual

.
,
German organization i n this city At the annual meeting in Apri l 1 9 1 1 .

, ,
the lovers and promote rs of German language art and l iteratu r e deci ded , ,
definitely that it was time that the large German population o f St Paul . .
estimated at shoul d be represented not only by S inging and athletic

societies but also by a body o f people whose aim is to uphol d and Spread
,
among the second generation o f German Americans the gem s o f art -
which have he l ped to bring the Vaterland t o the rank in which i t stands
today among the nations o f the worl d .
I t w ill be S een f rom thi s S ketch o f its p lan and purposes that the _ ,
scope o f the i nstitute i s intensely p ractical I t opens the door o f o ppo r .
tu n i ty to eve ry ambi ti ous m a n or woman to conserve thei r time energy , ,
and talents ; to i ncrease the i r e ff i ciency earning power and happ iness ,
.
I n plai n language it says to them I f by paying to $ 7 50 tu i t i on and . .
studying i n you r spare time f rom si xteen to twenty Weeks you c an i n

, , ,
crease you r salary one dollar a w eek you w ill get a large r profit on your ,
investment than you coul d get from the luckie st speculation .
The man who know s how to do something that is neede d w il l always

find it p ossible to make money There are neve r enough competent wo rk .
men to fil l waiting places whi le o n the other hand there are al ways so
, , ,
many i ncompetent workmen that thei r wage s are kept down by the c o m
petition j ust as there are always plenty o f men w ho are so busy talking
,
that they have no time to wo rk or even to thi nk You w ill fi nd a hun .
dred young men or young w omen w ho want to go to work but cannot do ,
anything i n particular fo r ten who are fai rly well trai ned or for one who
,
i s thoroughly competent You can easily figure out the comparative

.
weight o f thei r pay envelopes Anyone who i s ambitious to make the .
most o f him sel f and to get enough money to take some sati sfaction out
,
o f l i fe must know how to do some special thi ng and to do i t well The

,
.
St Paul I nstitute stands ready to help every worker in St Paul to i m

.
.
p rove hi s si tuation i n li fe The courses supply trai ning that will make
.
.
all the di f ference between success an d failure for hundreds o f young

people .
S T P AU L A RT ISTS . .
The activ ities o f the S t Paul I nstitute i n artistic fields fi nd f ertile .
ground al ready p repared to cordi ally welcome them Seriously lacking

,
.
i n o rganized e ff ort i n accessible art collections and i n faci l itie s for art
,
culture the city has n everthe less fo r many years been the home o f
, , ,
S kille d arti sts a n d has develope d architects o f more than national renown
, .
The fact that soon a f ter its formatio n the pro fe ssional art section o f the ,
i nsti tute had mo re than f orty members i s su f ficient indication o f the facts ,
above stated .
The late Carl Gu t h e r z practically commenced h is highly success fu l

caree r i n St Paul about 1 87 2 Several o f h is portraits o f M innesota
. .
Governors adorn the state capi tol ; one o f his latest wo rks a n allegorical ,
’
painting i s see n i n the grand arch at the People s C hurch H e exhibited
, .
man y times at the Pari s sal ons H e fu rni shed the series o f alleg or ie s .
for the ceil ing o f the Rep resentative s read ing room at the N ational
L ibrary i n Washington which have w o n the tribute o f unsti nte d p rai se ,
f rom art critics H is si ster M rs Mark D Flowe r re si ding i n S t Paul

. . .
, .
,
’
posse sse s several o f M r G u t h e r z s choicest p roductions . .
A St Paul arti st who has attaine d much di stinction in America

.
a n d E urope i s J D L a r pe n t eu r o f a fami ly hi storic i n al l pe riods o f

. .
,
’ ’
ou r city s annals M r L a r pen t e u r s specialty has been animal p ictures
. .
,
i n which he has acqui red great fam e Whi le M r L a r pe n t e u r has r e . .
si de d a n d worked i n Pari s for many years he has at inte rvals l ived , , ,
i n M inne sota an d some o f hi s be st p icture s have been pai nted here

, ,
.
S t Paul collectors possess several o f his most celebrated p roductions

. .
M iss Helen Castle o f St Paul w o n th e first p rize for water color .

-
painting at the Corcoran Art E xhibition i n Washington a few years

ago a n d many o f he r flowe r pictures are to be seen in p rivate galleri es
,
i n E astern cities M i ss Castle s p ai nting o f the M innesota state fl ower

.
’
.
the cyp ripe dium ( m occasi n fl ower ) was adopted as the o f ficial r ep r es en
t a t i o n an d has been reproduced i n colors many hundreds o f thousand
, , ,
ti mes i n the L egi slative Manual an d othe r publ ications .
Nathaniel J P o u s et t e has the di stincti on o f being a French arti st

.
,
born i n M i nnesota who i s p ainting M innesota subj ects w ith a skill

,
-
and devoti on which must nece ssarily command l ocal enthusiasm O f .
all the flags M inne sota ha s been u nder— Sp ani sh French E ngl i sh , , ,
American— i t i s under the banne r o f the l i ly o f France that her true

romantic past i s f ound And i t requ i res the bru sh o f the painte r to .
forti fy to make vi sible the word o f the h i storian o f the story—teller

,
“
, , ,
whi ch woul d persuade u s o f ou r French origi n The fi rst men other .
than the native chil dren o f the forest and prai rie to look upon the face ,
o f M inne sota i ts l ovely meadows an d maj estic forests and roll ing rivers
, ,
and cal l it good were men who owe d fealty to L oui s the Fourteenth
,
.
They came some o f them to save soul s some o f them to captu re trade
, , ,
”
i f i ndeed i t migh t be calle d trade when the magni ficent fu rs o f three
centu ries ago were bartere d for a string o f beads But whethe r they .
came for the saving o f souls li ke Marquette or for S impl e curiosit y s ,

’
sake l ike H ennep i n for th e glo ry o f di scovery l ike L a S alle o r for

, , , ,
the p r o s a i c s o f trade l ike D u L h u t they came romantical ly p i c t u r e s q u elv

, , ,
-
.
They slip shadowily as yet th rough the forests over the prai ri es , .
ST PAUL AND V IC I N I TY
.
509
The fact that N athaniel J P o u s et t e was born and brought up in .
M innesota i s not i n itsel f signi ficant He might have been born i n

, , .
Timbuctoo The significant fact i s that he i s p roducing M innesota art

. .
And since M innesota i s so i deally situated f rom an art standpoint lying ,
a s i t does mi dway between the art culture an d academ ic tradition o f

the east and the splendi d f reedom o f the west it i s n o small compl iment ,
to M r P o u s et t e to say that he i s producing M innesota art And i ndee d

.
-
.
it i s j ust thi s nicely poi sed balance between the two extremes o f thought
and method that impresses o n e most in M r P o u s e t t e s work Wholly .
’
.
a n d progressively modern it is and imp re ssioni sti c to a degree yet at , ,
bottom it i s sane a n d conservative M r P o u s e t t e paints with a direct . .
ness and sincerity a genu inene ss and freedom from aff ectation wh ich
,
remind one o f M i llet although hi s color which is unusually beauti ful

, , ,
shows the i nfluence o f P u v i s de Chavannes Hi s composition is excel .
lent— s o uni formly excellent that one does not think o f it at all .
O f P o u s e tt e’ s sno w p ictures St Paul s lumi nous exponent w rites ,

.
’
f rom the ever observant Watch Tower i n the D i s pa tc h o ffi ce :

-
They “
are o f snow othe r than ours and they are snowy cold w ith the curious , , ,
quality o f vei li ng so present i n the summer pictures shrou ding these

“
also but with change I t i s something other than atmosphere some

, . ,
thing other than that pecul iar thing which B o s u k i the Japanese , invited ,
to our attention a w inter o r two ago That it i s there and c an be seen .

,
one admits ; i t i s also very i ndivi dually P o u s ett e But the snows are .
quiet while the Minnesota snows until they fall and he still are most
,
-
, ,
busy N owhere else i n all the worl d does snow come with such j Oy an c e
.
'
the cri sp ai r has given indivi dual ity t o eac h fl ake They do not fal l .
dully ; they are never mere flakes o f snow falling from sky to earth .
There i s no he sitation about them but they do have a lively time o f it , ,
w hether blown about or dancing down N o poet no pai nter has as .

, ,
yet caught the dri ft o f Minnesota snows thei r beauty or thei r terror ,
.
”
There i s stil l the possibility .
The beauti ful arts a re V ivi d exp ressions o f cultu re and refinement ,
wh ich have thei r exalted place in our scheme o f social p rogress The .
p racti cal arts combi ning beauty w ith util ity have a place o f equal i m
, ,
portance and o f perhaps greater general i nterest A due regard to the

,
.
style and p roportions o f ou r utensils furniture vehicles dwel lings and , , ,
business structures i s ever to be kept and cultivated Some years ago

,
.
this country began to attract attention by the arti stic character o f its
manu factures During the last tw enty years it has made great strides
.
i n the fine arts Our mural painters take rank with the most di sti n
.
gu i s h e d artists o f France ; and i n architectu r e al so we are doing work

which challenges the admi ration o f E urope At a recent meeting o f the .
Royal Society of Arts Club i n London after a pape r whi ch an Amer ,
i can Frank M Andrews had been i nv ited to present on architecture

,
.
,
in America the p resi dent o f the club made some highly complimentary
,
remarks o n what America i s doing in thi s line He calle d attention .
especially to the fact that the American people are keenly intere sted in
.
architectural matters and by thei r interest and thei r comments on his

,
work greatly encourage and stimulate the architect He sai d our artists .
we re bol dly solving the n ew p roblems p resente d to them by original but

thoroughly correct designs and he expressed a deep interest i n them ,
and the works they were producing .

51 0 ST PAU L AN D VI CI N I TY
.
P ROM I N E N T A R C H IT E C TS
N o American city small o r great has su rpasse d St Paul i n the

, , .
developmen t o f architects o f the highest type capable o f sustai ned ,
fl ights into the lo ftiest sphe res o f thi s noble and expanding a rt N ot .
only have our own peopl e reape d the benefit o f thei r splendid genius i n
the magni ficence o f our h ome structu re s but w e have loaned thei r serv ,
i ce s to othe r communities l ess richly endowed to the nation and to ,
the w orld .
Charles A Reed who die d i n N ovembe r 1 9 1 1 le ft many imp osing

.
, , ,
monuments to hi s p ro fessional sk ill H e wa s a native o f New York .
state an d receive d hi s education at the B oston I nstitute o f Technology .
H e came to St Paul shortly a fter graduation thi rty —

. one years ago H e , .
forme d hi s partnership with A H Stem i n 1 89 1 Ten years ago he was

. . .
called to N ew York to take up the p roblem o f constructing the $ 30 ,
te rminal station o f the New York Ce n t r a l R a i l r o a d and estab .

,
l i s h e d th e N ew York o ffice o f the fi rm there St Paul s munic ipal ’

. .
Auditorium admitte d to be the best o f i ts k ind i n the worl d was

, ,
planned under the superv i si on o f his fi rm and many o f hi s i deas are ,
worke d out i n i t Th e hotel St Paul i s another undertaking in w hich

. .
he was i nterested and the M etropolitan Opera H ouse w as constructe d

,
unde r hi s personal supervi sion The G o o d k i n d tw i n residence s on Oak .
lan d H ill are the work o f hi s firm a n d many o f the resi dences along ,
Summit avenue owe thei r de sign to him .

,
The architects o f the n e w L owry bui lding are Kee s C olbu rn w ith ,
o ffice s i n both St Paul and M i nneapol i s M r Kee s was bo rn i n Balti

. . .
more came to M inne sota i n 1 8 7 6 a n d has had charge o f buildi ng many

, ,
great structure s i n the T win City .
James Knox Taylor born i n St Paul s o n o f the late H Knox Taylor, .

,
.
for more than fi fty years one o f ou r prom i nent citizens began hi s pro ,
f es s i o n a l caree r in thi s city as a partne r o f Cass Gilbert I n 1 898 M r . .
Taylor was appointed supe rvi sing architect o f the treasury at Wash
i n g to n . I n thi s position h e ha s charge o f and responsibi lity for the de
si gn s and construction o f all the government bui ldings o f the cou ntry .
The great bu reau ove r wh ich he p re side s control s the expenditure o f .
many m illi ons annually and i s subj ect to most exacting critic i sm f rom
many directions The fact that M r Taylor ha s fully met the responsi
. .
b i l i t i e s for fourteen years i s a high t ribute to hi s ability , .
Clarence H Johnston was born i n \V a s e c a M innesota and reare d

. ,
,
i n S t Paul
. H e rece ived h i s p ro fe ssi onal training i n the M assachu setts
.
I nstitute o f Technology and i n the o fli c e s o f St Paul a n d N ew Y ork .
a rchitects supplemented by e xten sive travel i n E urope and Asia M i nor

,
.
I n 1 8 86 he returne d to St Paul where he has since made hi s home and .

,
entered upon hi s caree r a s arch itect upon h i s own account I n 1 90 1 he .
received the appointment o f arch itect for Mi nnesota State I nstitutions .
con ferred by the B oard o f Control which o ffice he still holds One o f ,
.
hi s w ork s under that appointment i s the n e w M inne sota State Pri son
, ,
at Stillwater a very striking type o f penal instituti onal buildings M r

, . .
Johnston i s al so in hi s o fficial capacity the a rchitect o f the ne w engi neer

i ng and medical buil dings at the unive rsity ; o f the main buil ding at
the Farm School St Anthony Park and o f buildings at all state insti
,
.
,
tu t i o n s . H i s p roduction s may al so be seen in St John s E pi scopal .

’
’
chu rch ; Park Congregati onal church ; the chapel at St Paul s Seminary ; .
the Young M en s and Y oung Women s Chri stian A ssociation bui l dings
’ ’
51 2 ST PAUL A N D V I C I N ITY
.
the new Central H igh School a n d the Wilde r Charity buil dings al l , ,
thoroughly characteristic o f his best work .
E mmanuel Loui s M asqueray will always be associated i n the mi nds

o f the people o f St Paul as the architect o f the Cathedral which will
.
,
cost complete
, , have a seating capacity o f a n d be o n e
O f the notable a rchitectural triumphs o f the age B orn at D ieppe i n .
F rance i n 1 8 6 1 he studied at the E cole des B eaux A rts i n Pari s won

, , ,
the D e s c h a u m e prize when only eighteen and four years late r took the ,
gold medal at the Pari s salon At the age o f twenty si x he came to .

-
New York When design s were asked for the L ou i siana Purchase ex
.
position at St L ou is M r M asqueray succeede d i n getting the commi s

.
,
sion for nearly al l the beauti ful buil dings on the grounds among those ,
erected unde r h i s instruction bei ng the transportat i on agricultural , ,
fisheries and forestries bu ildings Among other notable buil dings wh ich .
he has de signe d the Pro Cathe dral at M inneapol i s i s next to the St

,
-
.
Paul C athe dral i n importance .
Thomas G H olyoke designed the beauti ful a n d original Unity chu rch
.
on Portland avenue and many handsome private resi dences among

, ,.
them those o f the M essrs C H an d F R B igelow also on Portland

. . . . .
,
avenue ; the colonial house belonging to e x Lieutenant Governor I ves on -
Dale street and Marshall avenue and the stately colonial home o f George ,
W Gardner on Summ it and Farrington avenues

. .
Ca ss Gilbert i s another o f St Paul s notabl e contributi on s to nati onal

.
’
activity an d internati onal fame The son o f a di stingui shed general .
o f ficer o f volunteers i n the War for the U nion he wa s reare d in thi s ,
city rece iving a thorough pro fe ssional e ducati on i n the best school s o f
,
t h i s country and E u rope He won a fte r seve re competition the p rivilege

.
, ,
o f designing a n d supe rintending the construction o f the new M i nnesota

state capitol He designed the magni ficent United States Custom H ouse
.
on B owling Green New Yo rk City A n d to him now bel ongs the honor
,
.
o f preparing plans for the tallest skyscraper in the wo rl d a bu ilding ,
that i s exceede d i n he ight by only one structu re the E iff el tower Thi s , .
S kyscrape r i s n o w un der construction in New York City I t i s l ocated .
on the w est si de o f B roa dway between Park place and B arclay street , ,
a n d when completed w ill be a n arti stic as well as a n imposing structu re .
The de signing o f th i s mammoth buil ding has b rought up new st ructural

problems an d i n working out the plan so that eve ry part o f its enor
,
mous bu sine ss machi ne ry wi ll be in per fect harmony Architect Gilbe rt ,
p repared hundreds o f drawi ngs employed the best enginee ring skill an d ,
made detaile d studie s o f other large structu res .
A faint i dea o f thi s mammoth unde rtak ing may be gleaned by a

stu dy o f th e S i ze o f th e building The plan s provi de th at the structure .
hall ri se 7 50 feet above the si dewalk It i s estimated to have cost .
The site cost ove r E xcavation alone cost

The buil ding has a f rontage on B roadway o f 1 52 feet o n .
Park place o f 1 97 and on Barclay street 1 92 feet The characte ri sti c

,
.
feature i s the great towe r 86 by 8 4 feet ri sing to a height o f 7 50 feet

, ,
.
The mai n bu ilding i s twenty nine sto ries high w ith tw o storie s in the
-
gables on the north an d south fronts making thi rty one stories at the ,
-
highest po ints o f the main structu re .
The un i que position held by Hermann Kretz in St Paul i s the com .
’
bination role o f architect buil der and owner o f thi s city s latest wo rd
,
i n o fli c e structure s the mammoth new Commerce bu il ding at Waba sha

, ,
S T PA UL AN D VI CI N I TY
. 51 3
and Fourth streets completed an d occupie d in September 1 91 2 M r

, , . .
Kretz rep resents that rare conj unction in a si ngle p e rsonality o f artistic
, ,
ski ll and business abil ity which must lead to marked success i n any
,
sphere H i s biography in another volume o f thi s publ ication give s

.
, ,
details o f h i s achievements
CHA PT E R X L V I I ‘
T H E CATH O L I C CH URCH A N D CATH O L I C I N ST I TUTI O N S
F OU ND E R F IRST S T P A U L S C H RISTI A N C H UR C H — F A T H E R LU CI E N
OF .
’
G A L TI ER — F IRST N ATI V E W H IT E C H I LD B A Z I LL E G E R V A I s— F AT H E R ,
R AV O U X S U CC EE DS F A TH E R GA L TI ER — F IRST B IS H OP OF S T P A U L .
D E AT H OF B IS HOP C R E TI N — F IRST C ATH E DR AL O P E N E D — B ISH OP

T H O M AS L G RA C E— B IS H OP I R E L A N D C R E AT E D A R C H BIS H OP— S T
. .
LOUI S C H UR C H — S T M ARY S A N D O TH E R C AT H O L I C C H UR C H E S— ED U
’
.
CA T I O N A L I N STITUTION S— C H A RITA B L E I N STITUTIO N S— D IO C E S E OF

S T P A U L— LAT E ST CAT H E DRA L OF S T P AU L
. . .
From its hi storic relati ons to the very beginning o f the village of
S t Paul ; f rom its intimate i nfluential part i n all stages o f our p rogress
.
, ,
and f rom its p resent as w ell as i ts p rospective i mportance as a compact ,
e fficient organization for the publ ic weal the Cathol ic church with its , ,
varie d rel igious e ducational benevolent an d re formatory enterp ri ses i s

, , ,
abundantly entitle d to consi deration i n any attempted p ortrayal o f the

past achievements o r p resent consequence o f the city The Cathol ic .
chu rch i ndeed was active i n all the earl iest explorations and settle
, ,
ments o f thi s region Father H ennepin vi sited the Fall s o f St Anthony

. .
o f Padua i n 1 680 ; two m i ssionary priests accompanied the F rench

,
soldiers who built a fort and chapel i n 1 7 2 7 at Frontenac on Lake

, , ,
Pep in M oreove r i f we accept the testimony o f the r u n e s to n e Catholic

. -
, ,
Norsemen u ndoubte dly accompanied by a p riest wh o made the record

, ,
vi site d Douglas county M innesota i n 1 3 62 , , .
F OUN D E R OF F IRST S T P A U L S C H R I STIA N C H UR C H .

’
The founde r o f religion i n St Paul was p racti cally the founde r o f .
the city itsel f By e recting the fi rst house o f w orship he gave to the
.
“ ”
littl e scattering French settlement bel ow Fort Snel l ing a local habita
t ion and a name and c reated the nucleus around which eventually grew
,
the metropoli s He seems f rom the fi rst to have hope d good results
.
from hi s unde rtakings and i t i s p leasant to know that he l ived unti l h e

.
h a d seen at least the dawnings o f the glory H e saw the humble settle .
m ent ri se to a city : he wi tnessed hi s modest l ittle cabin chu rch give

place to magni fi cent temples devoted to divine w orship and h i s li ttle ,
fl ock i ncreased to multitudes Fini s c o r o n a t O pus All honor to Father . .
Lucien G a l t i e r the fou nder o f the fi rst Ch ristian church i n St Paul . .
The p rel im i nary events are o f endu ring inte rest I n the summer o f .
1 8 3 9 B i shop L oras o f Dubuque vi sited Fort S nell ing a n d M endota with

, .
a view to the e stabl ishment o f mi ssion churches i n that region which ,
was practi cally destitute o f rel igious advantages but was impe ratively .
ST PAU L AN D V I CI N I TY 51 5
'
in need o f them I n a lette r he gives an account o f this vi sit :

. I le ft
Dubu que on the 2 3 d O f June on board a large and magni ficent steam ,
vessel A fter a voyage o f some days along the superb Mi ssi ssipp i we
.
,
’
reached St Peter s Ou r arrival was a cause o f great j oy to the
'
. .
Catholics who had never be fore seen a priest o r bi shop i n those remote
,
regions The wi fe o f our host was baptized and confi rmed ; Sh e s a bse
.
quently received the sacrament o f matrimony The Catholics o f St . .
’
Peter s amount to 1 8 3 ; o f whom we baptized 56 ; administere d c o n fir m a
tion to 8 ; the communion to 3 3 adults and gave the nuptial benediction ,
to four couples Arrangements have been made fo r the constructi on o f

.
a church next summer and a clergyman i s to be sent when he is able ,

”
to speak French E nglish and the Sioux ,
.
The religious services hel d by B ishop L oras the first Cathol ic bap ,
” ’
t i s m etc
“
in the St Peter s region were at the house o f Scott Camp
,
.
, .
,
bell outsi de the wall s o f Fort Snell ing

,
.
FAT H E R LU C I E N GA L TI E R
In
April 1 840 Father Lucien Ga l t i e r having studied the Sioux
, , ,
language during the winter was sent by B i shop Loras f rom Dubuque ,
to Fort S nell ing charged w ith the duties o f his sacred O ffice The fort
, .
“
surrounded by a complete w il derne ss an d without a n y signs o f fields ,
under the tillage gave him to understand that hi s mi ssi on and l i fe ,
mu st hence forth be a career o f p rivations and requi red patience and ,
resignation He had a large territory under hi s ch arge There was no

. .
St Paul at that time ; there was o n the site o f the p resent city but a
.
single house occupie d by a m a n named Phalen a n d steamboats neve r

, ,
stopped there Subsequently a few fami lies o f French extraction quaint

.
,
i n idiom and i diosync rasy settled along the le ft bank o f the river below , ,
Fountain cave , and Father Ga l t i e r felt it h is duty to occasionally v isit

“
those fam il ie s and set to work to choose a suitable place f or a church

“
B enj amin Gervais and Vital Guerin two good quiet fa rmers c o n , ,
sented to give su f fic ient land for a church a garden and a small grave ,
’
yard The extreme eastern part o f M r Guerin s claim and the western
. .
,
part o f M r Gervais were accepte d I n the month o f Octobe r 1 840

.
’
.
, ,
Father Ga l t i e r caused a ru de structure to be erected about twenty fiv e ,

-
feet long by eighteen wi de The buil ders were eight o f the farmer .
pari shioners ; the wall s were o f rough oak logs ; the ra fters were tamarack
poles cut from a swamp at S t Peter a n d Sixth streets ; the roo f was o f .
.
pi ne slabs from a sawmill at Sti llwater The graveyard was near the .
present corne r o f Thi rd and M innesota streets .
Father Ga l t i e r was not at any time a resident o f St Paul but only . ,
came here at interval s f rom St Peter s ( Mendota ) i n the di scharge o f .

’
’
hi s pastoral duties He continued to resi de at St Pete r s until May 2 5 . .
,
1 8 44 when he removed to Keokuk

,
I owa I n 1 84 8 he v isite d his native ,
.
France but was soon back at work i n hi s mi ssion field He was then
,
.
stationed at Prai rie d u Chien In 1 8 53 and agai n i n 1 86 5 he visited .

, .
St Paul and mani feste d a warm pri de i n the growth o f the city and
.
, ,
its prospects o f future greatness L e ss than a year after his last vi sit .
,
or February 2 1 1 8 66 he entered into hi s reward D uring hi s connec

. ,
.
tion w ith the churches here Father Ga l t i e r made seve ral excursions to ,
the i solated Catholic settle ments in various portions o f thi s territory ,
sometimes by M ackinaw boats sometimes on foot always undergoing ,
hardship s and di f ficulties

—5
.
V ol . 11
51 6 S T PAU L A N D V I CI N I TY
.
F IRST N ATI V E W H IT E CH I LD B A Z I LL E GE RV AI S ,
I n the fall o f 1 84 1 Rev Augusti n R av o u x arrive d f rom Prai rie d u

, .
Chien where May 1 0 1 840 he had baptized Bazi lle Gervai s who was
, , , ,
the first white ch il d born here S eptembe r 4 1 8 3 9 and who still l ives , , ,
here hi s parents mak ing a canoe trip o f fi fteen days to have the sacra
,
ment o f bapti sm admi nistere d .
F AT H E R R AV O U X S U CC EEDS F AT H E R GA L TI ER
I n 1 844 Father R a v o u x succeeded Father Gal t i e r and du ring the ,
remainde r o f hi s l ong and honore d li fe which terminate d i n 1 904 he , ,
mini stered in S t Paul and its i mmediate vicinity I n 1 847 a n addition

. .
,
was made to the chapel o f St Paul as stated but in 1 849 the chape l was .
,
agai n too small the Sunday services being attended not only by
,
parishioners l ivi ng i n St Paul but by many from L ittle Canada St .

, ,
.
Anthony and M endota I n 1 84 7 the Catholics became mo re popul ous .

,
i n St Paul than i n Mendota a n d in 1 849 thei r numbers still continuing

.
, ,
to increase Father R a v o u x deci ded to spen d tw o Sundays i n St Paul

,
.
and one i n M endota For seven years thi s w orthy mi ssionary continued
.
to labor i n thi s fiel d w ithout the ai d or companionship o f a brother

pr i est .
F IRST B ISH OP OF S T P A U L .
On January 2 6 1 8 5 1 Rev Jo seph Creti n was consecrated i n F rance

, , .
,
the fi rst bi shop o f St Paul He arrive d here July 2 1 8 5 1 and was j oy

. .
, ,
fully w elcomed by Fathe r R av o u x The new bi shop brought w i t h h i m

’
two p riests an d four sem inari ans Thu s had the l ittle pari sh w ith its .
,
chapel o f tamarack logs grown into a diocese now a n arch di ocese and ,
-
”
p rovince but the chapel of logs was the only cathedral as yet and the
, ,
epi scopal palace to which the bishop was conducted wa s a buil ding one ,
story a n d a hal f high and eighteen feet square .
B e fore B i shop Creti n came Father R av ou x aware o f the necessi ty of ,
securing l ots on which to e rect the cathedral and for other church pu r
pose s purchased o f M r Vital Guerin twenty one lots fo r $800 and fo r
,
.
-
$ 1 00 the l ot o n which the ol d cathedral now stands The twent y two l ots
-
.
embraced almost the entire block bounde d by Wabasha and St Peter S i xth .
,
and Seventh streets Fathe r R av o u x was unable to pay the purchase p rice
. ,
and had only a bond for a deed ; but B i shop Cretin paid the money for
the twenty two l ots and received the deed I n less than fiv e month s a fte r
-
.
hi s arrival the bi shop had erected o n the Gueri n lots a bric k bu ilding , ,
84 by 4 4 feet i n area and three sto ries inclu di ng the basement i n height , ,
which immediately upon its completi on became the second cathedral o f

St Paul and the second residence o f the bi shop and h i s assi stants I n
.
.
a few months some apartments i n the basement we re u sed as a school

room fo r boys and the enti re bui lding i n later years became the Cretin
,
high school The young girl s o f the pari sh were al so to be provided for
. ,
and i n 1 8 52 the Si ste rs o f St Joseph O pened thei r school s i n the church .
property on the Cathol i c block on Thi rd street In 1 8 53 the bi shop ,

.
,
buil t the hospital contributing thereto from h i s ow n fund s The same

,
.
year he bought the p roperty on Western avenue where St J ose ph s Ac a

’
~
demy now stands fo r a Cathol ic cemetery ; but it was only u se d two or

,
three years for that pu rpose I n 1 8 56 he pu rchase d forty acre s for .
Calvary cemetery w hich was ble ssed the second o f Novembe r the same
, ,
ST PAU L A ND V I C I N ITY
. 51 7
year E xcavati on for the cathedral at St Peter a n d S ixth streets was

. .
,
comm enced in July 1 8 54 and i n 1 8 56 the corner stone was ble ssed by the
,
B ishop o f B uffalo M gr Timon and on the last day o f October the wall s
, .
-
, _
were up to the water table B i shop Cretin feared to incu r debt an d the
.
,
wo rk proceeded slowly Though the Catho l ic population was large with

.
,
few excepti ons the peopl e were poo r and could help but little The ,
.
amount o f money collected from July 1 8 54 to February 1 8 57 did not , , , ,
exceed four thousand dollars though i n that time seven thousand dol ,
lars was expended on the cathedral Then the work was inte rrupted
'
by the death o f the Bi sho p and was still further delaye d by the financ ial
,
panic o f 1 8 57 .
D EAT H OF B ISH O P C R E TI N
Bi shop Cretin di ed February after a l ong and painful ill

ness H e was born i n France in 1 799 ; came to America i n 1 83 8 by i h
.
,
v i t a t i o n o f B i sho p L oras o f Dubuque ; spent some twelve years as a m is
s i o n a r y i n Iowa and western Wi sconsin and in 1 8 50 was appointed to ,
the newly create d see o f St Paul w he re he arrived July . Though ,
hi s time i n St Paul was short B ishop Cretin le ft among hi s peop le an

.
, _
ine f faceable memory I t was he who selected Rev John I reland for the
. .
Christian min i stry and sent him abroad to pro secute hi s studies I t was
, .
he who organi zed the fi rst Catholic total abstinence societies i n St Paul .
or M i n n es o ta a temperance movement which i n later years under the

h
, ,
inspi ration o f the ti reless Archbi shop was to do so much for the moral
and materi al advancement o f the faith ful B i shop Creti n was remark .
“
able fo r g enuine p iet y and unbounde d zeal Hi spearly demi se was n o .
doubt hastened by ceaseless labors 1n hi s sacred cal ling

Thus w e have i n the beginnings o f the Cathol ic church here as i n ,
the beginnings o f the town the dominant French element— L O I a s Gal , ,
tier R avo u x Cretin ; all Frenc hmen The story o f the ri se and fall o f
, , .
the French power i n America i s one o f the greatest ep ics i n the reco rds
o f mankind fi lle d with romance and dramatic adventure Their explo rers
, .
,
traders soldiers and mi ssionaries penetrated the Northwest f rom the St

,
La wrence to the Colu mbi a and the Saskatchewan ahead o f all othe rs
.
, ,
and le ft thei r indel ible imp ress o n the geography the hi story a n d the ,
customs o f the enti re region .
F IRST C ATH E DRA L O P E N E D

'
By the death o f B i shop Cretin the admi ni stration o f chu rch a ff airs
agai n devolved o n Fathe r R a v o u x Work W a s resumed o n the cathe .
dral an d di d not cease unti l it was under roo f On the 1 3 th o f June .

,
1 8 58 though unfinished a n d not plaste red it was O pened f or divi ne serv

,
,
i ce
. The collections o n that day amounte d to $4 2 8 I n the summe r o f .
1 8 58 the basement w as plaste red and used for worship the following
w i nte r and was o ften fi lled w ith wo rshipers O n Chri stmas n ight 1 8 58
, .
, ,
there were not fewer than persons at mass an d about 500 p re ,
sented themselves at the holy table for communi on The bui lding was .
constructed o f b lue limestone and i s still in 1 9 1 2 i n constant use pend , , ,
i n g the completion o f the magnificent n e w grani te cathedral at Summit

and Da yton avenue s Its congregation now numbers
.
members
und e r the pastorship o f B ishop L awler The cathedral school f or gi rl s ,
has 20 5 pupils taught by s i x Si sters o f St Joseph . .

51 8 ST PAU L A N D V I CI N I TY
.
B I S H OP T H O M AS L G RAC E .
The successo r o f B i shop Creti n was t h e Right Rev Thomas L G race . .
1 1 11 0 was consec rated B i shopp o f S t Paul July 2 4 1 8 59 B ishop Grace .

, .
,
was born i n Charleston S o u t h Carol ina Novembe r and d ied

, ,
i n St Paul February
. A fte r studying i n Charleston a n d at
, ,
’
St Rose s Convent Kentucky he spent seven years i n Rome studying
.
, ,
theology He was ordained p riest at Rome i n 1 8 39 and fiv e years late r

.
,
l e t u r n e d to the United State s H e was engaged i n m issionary work i n .

b
Kentucky and Tennessee for some years a n d w a s i n cha rge o f a pari sh ,
i n Memph i s w hen appoi nte d bi shop H e then came t o S t Paul The . . .
wo rk o f the la rge diocese taxed hi s energies to the utmost for si xteen

years until i n 1 8 7 5 he had no rthern M innesota set o ff a s a v i c a r a t e a n d
'
Rev John I reland appointed coadj utor bi shop I n 1 884 a fte r hi s si lver
. .
,
j ubi lee B i shop Grace resigne d hi s see to Bi shop I reland became titula r
, ,
Bi shop o f M e n i th a n d later titular A rchbi shop o f S i u n i a but remaine d

, , ,
i n thi s ci ty honored and belove d du ring the remai nder o f hi s l i fe

, .
B IS H OP I R E L A N D C R E A T E D A R C H BIS H OP
B i shop I reland assume d th e full duti e s o f the dioce se i n 1 884 In .
1 8 88 the p rovince o f St Paul was create d and B i shop I reland was made .
A rchbi shop H i s j u ri sdiction cove rs the sees O f St Paul D uluth St

. .
, , .
Cl oud Winona Fargo S iou x Fall s Lead Crookston and B i smark eac h
, . , . , ,
i n C harge O f a bi shop T he di stingui shed career o f A rchbi shop I reland

.
i s full y se t forth i n h i s biograph y to be found i n another part o f thi s ,
w ork .
Returning to the local development o f the Catholic chu rch in thi s

cit y we fin d that i n 1 8 54 the o riginal stem began to th row out vigorous
,
branches The O peration o f d ividing i nto congregations by pa rishes a n d

.
national ities w a s i naugu rated During that year Rev \V u e r z f e l d o r .

, .
g a n i z e d the Ge rman Cathol ics O f S t Paul The congregation at that . .
time attended service at the cathe dral I n the year 1 8 55 Rev G Keller .
,
. . .
pe r fected arrangements fo r the erecti on o f Assumpt ion Chu rch The .
ceremony o f laying the corne r stone took place August 1 5 1 8 55 .

,
a n d i n June o f the foll ow ing year the church w a s ready for occupancy .
The same year a parochial sch ool w a s opened The Fathe rs o f the O rder .
O f St B enedi ct took charge o f the congregati on Janua ry 1 1 8 58 R ev

. , . .
Demetria s de ) Ia 1 0ga n a O S B 1 1 a s duly installed as pasto r 0 11 the . .
same d av a n d labore d z e a l O L1 s1v until fai ling health compelled him to

.
1 e s i n h i s charge into the han ds o f R e v Clement Staub O S B i n

g .
,
. . .
,
1 8 63 A f e w years late r step s were taken f or the e rection o f the pre s

.
,
e n t impo sing structu re G round was broken a n d the foundation w all s

buil t in the summe r o f 1 8 7 0 On June 4 1 8 7 1 the c orner stone w as laid . . , .
and the 1 1 ork 1 1 a s vigorously p ro secute d until its completion in 1 8 7 4 On .
the 1 8 th o f Octobe r 1 8 7 4 the chu rch was solemnl y con secrated b y the
Rt R e v B i shop Thos L Grace assi sted by a la rge number of the c l e 1 g y
. .
.
I t i s still one o f the b 1 eat e di fice s O f the city i ts t w in towe rs testi f y ing
01
,
the zeal and p i e t v o f its builde rs In 1 8 7 5 Pathe 1 Staub wa s succeeded .
11 1 Rev V al entine S t i m m l e r O
.
B The pastor now i s R e 1 Paul in . . .
1e s n e r O B : m embe rship
. . The pari sh has parochial school s
w ith pupil s the 1 e are ma n y C hu rch soc ieties connecte d 1 1 i t l1 t h e
pari sh The g 1 o 1 v t h and p r o g1 e s s o f th e c o n g 1 e g at i o n has been 1 1 0 1 1 de r
ful ; t h i s 1 1 as d u e in g reat m ea s m e t o the t lu i f t e 11 e 1 g1 and pe rseve rance _
PAUL A ND V I C I NITY
'
5 20 ST .
Rev Patrick O Ne i l l W 11 0 i s still i n charge The school i s i n C harge o f

'
. .
,
eight S i ste rs o f S t Jo seph . .
’
St Joseph s pari sh was cut o ff f rom the cathed ral and o r g a n 1 z e d i n
.
1 8 75 Rev L L e b r e t was the fi rst pasto r I n the fal l o f the same year
. . . .
the erection o f a church was begun a n d s o energetically was the work , .
pushed forward that mass was sai d i n it o n Ch ri stmas day following .
The cost o f the buil ding w as about TW O schools f or boys a n d ,
gi rls were o rgani zed soon a fte r and placed under the charge o f the
,
S i ste rs o f S t Joseph : Father L eb r e t continued i n the pastoral cha rge

.
o f the chu rch until i n June 1 87 7 I n M arch 1 8 78 Rev Joseph O K e e f e .

, ,
.
’
became pastor a n d was succeede d i n August 1 88 0 by Rev J W Neali s , , . . .
The pari sh i s n o w a part o f the cathe dral with Right Rev John J L aw . .
l er D D V G pastor in charge The m embe rship i s about

, . .
,
. .
, .
Its parochial school now has 3 65 chi ldren i n charge of seven S i sters
’
o f S t Joseph There are connected w ith St Joseph s Church a tempe r
. . .
ance society ; a St V incent de Paul con ference ; a H oly Name Society ; .
con frate r nities sodal itie s e t c The church bu il ding stands o n Carrol l
, ,
.
street at the southwest corne r o f V irgi nia avenue

,
.
S t Stani slaus Chu rch w as o rgani zed i n 1 8 7 0 by the Cathol ic Poles

.
_
and B ohem ians o f the city I t served the two national itie s unti l in 1 8 8 1 .
,
when they sep a rated The B ohemians w ith a membership o f 1 7 5 fam i .
l ies retai ned S t Stani sl au s W hile the Pol es w ith 1 00 famil ie s o rgani zed
,
. . , ,
St Adelbert s Chu rch The C hurch buil d ing was erected i n 1 8 70 and
.
’
.
,
stands 0 11 the co rne r o f W estern avenue an d Superior street S even .
S i ste rs o f Notre Dame teach the parochial school : Pupil s 2 3 0 The .
p resent membe rsh ip o f St Stani slaus i s about a n d the pasto r i s .
Rev John Rynda who has serve d the pari sh more than twenty years
.
,
.
Church o f St James located 011 V i ew street corner o f Juneau street

.
, , ,
pastor Rev Je remiah O Co n n o r

’
o rgani ze d i n 1 8 8 7 : membership . .
Chu rch o f the Sacred H eart ( German ) located 0 11 E ast S ixth street ,
at the corner O f Arcade street ; organized D ecembe r 1 4 1 88 1 ; member

, ,
ship pastor V ale riu s N elles , O F M E ight school Si sters o f . . .
Notre Dame have charge o f the school Pupils 40 5 . .
Chu rch o f S t John located 0 11 Forest and E ast Fi fth streets ; mem .
,
’
h e rship pastor R e v Thomas F Gl eason Si x S ister s o f St Jo seph s . . . .
teach the school Pupi l s 3 0 5 . .
S t A delbert s chu rch ( Pol ish ) located o n Gaultie r street at the

.
’
, ,
corner o f Charles str eet : organi zed i n 1 8 8 1 ; membership pastor

Rev Pete r R o v E ight Fel ician Si sters teach i n the schoo l E nrollment
. .
.
St Franci s de Sale s Chu rch located 011 James street at the corner o f
. , ,
Daly ; organi zed i n 1 8 8 4 ; membership pasto r Rev Francis N

Si xteen Si sters o f N ot re Dame teach i n the s c h o o l w i th an e n
'
B a j ec .
r o l l m e n t O f 6 50 pu p il s .
St Matthew s church ( German ) located 01 1 Hall avenue at the c o r

.
’
. ,
ner o f Robi e street : o rgani ze d i n Feb ruary 1 88 6 ; membe rshi p ,
pastor Rev P M Jun g The school i s taught b y eleven school Si ste rs

. . . .
o f Notre Dame E nrollment 560 . .
St Patrick s chu rch l ocated 0 11 M i s s 1 s s 1 pp 1 street at the corne r o f

.
’
. .
Case street ; or g anized D ecembe r 2 1 1 8 84 : membe rshi p pastor ,

.
Rev M ichael O u i n n The school i s i n c h arge o f four S i sters o f St

. .
.
J ose p h E nrollment 2 3 8
. .
oly Redeemer for u se f the I tali an opulation —

) We st w ing o f
H ( O p
the cathedral basem ent St Pete r street Membersh ip 500 Rev R . . . . . .
ST PAU L A N D V I CI N ITY
.
5 21
Bal ducci pasto r St Ambrose church ( Italian ) located on B radley street

,
. .
near 7 th Rev R Balducci pastor 400 members .

. . .
, . .
St Agnes chu rch— Thomas street corner Kent

. Organized 1 888 . .
Membership Rev J M S o l nc e pastor School in charge o f . . .

, .
nineteen S isters o f Notre Dame 980 chil dren , .
St Andrew s— Ox ford an d H atch streets Organi zed 1 895 Member

.
’
. .
ship R ev Thomas A Fri nton pastor . .

,
.
St Augustine s— Madi son avenue and Third street South St Paul

.
’
,
. .
Membership 950 Rev H enry G M c Ca ll pastor . . .

,
.
St Bernard s ( German ) — Albemarle a n d Geranium streets Organ

_
’
. .
i z e d 1 890 Membership. Rev Anthony Ogu lin pastor School .

, .
taught by f ourteen S isters o f St Benedict ; pupil s 700 . .
S t Casimi r s ( Pol ish ) — Je ssamine and Fo rest streets O rganized

.
’
.
December Membership Rev Paul K u pe r s c h m i d t pastor ,

.
The school i s in charge o f fiv e Felician S i sters School chi ldren 24 8 . .
S t Luke s— Victoria street and Summit avenue

.
’
Organi zed 1 8 88 . .
Membership Rev Thomas J Gibbons pastor The school i s i n . .

,
.
charge o f eight S i s t e 1 s o f St Joseph an d has 4 3 8 pup il s .
S t Mark s— Dayton avenue and Moore street Organized 1 89 1 Rev

’
. . .
Jo seph Corr i gan pastor M em b e 1 s hi p , .
St Pete 1 Claver s — Aurora and Farri ngto n avenues ’

Membe rship
A fro Ame rican Rev S Theobald pastor resi de n
. .
3 70. ce 3 1 9 Fulle r
. . .
, ,
avenu
St Vi ncent s— V i rginia avenue an d Blai r street O rgani zed 1 889
.
’
. .
Membership Rev William Wal sh pastor The school i s taught .

, .
by si x S iste rs o f St Jo seph E nrollment 3 40

'
. . .
I n addition to the regu lar establi shed chu rches religious services a r e ,
conducted in twelve chapel s connected with t h e vari ous Cathol ic educa ,
t i o n a l and charitable i nstitutions o f the city al so at Fort Snell ing the Sol , ,
diers Home t h e poor house the work house etc The se chapel s are at
’
, ,
.
tended f rom t h e Cathedral or f rom neighboring churches thus supplying ,
the privileges and consolations o f rel igion to the enti re C atholic p o pu l a

tion o f St Paul an d vicinity
. .
EDU C ATIO NA L I N STITUTIO N S
A noteworth y feature in connection w ith the operations o f the Cath

o lic church i n S t Paul i s the extraordinary number and excellence o f
.
school s and colleges maintaine d here Many o f them have ex tensive .
grounds and very beauti ful buil dings St Paul Theological Seminary . .
,
the p rovincial sem inary o f the ecclesiastical province o f St Paul com .

,
pri sing the dioceses o f St Paul Duluth St Cloud Wi nona Fargo Si oux .
, , .
, , ,
Falls L ead Crookston and B ismarck has forty acres o f land fronting
, , ,
on the rive r b oulevard at the west e rn extremi ty o f Summit avenue and ,
bu il dings which cost including St M ary s Chapel which alone ’

,
cost Thi s S eminary was founde d by J J H ill i n 1 892 Very . .

,
.
Rev Francis J Schae fe r D D i s rector and p ro fessor o f chu rch hi s

. .
,
. .
tory There are twelve p ro fessors o f di ff erent branches and over 1 70

.
,
students G raduates o f thi s seminary are filli ng w ith marke d e f ficiency

.
the pulpits o f churches i n many l ands .
One o f the most u se ful and important o f the Catholic institutions o f

the c ity o f i nte rest to clergy and laity and to i ntelligent citizens o f all
,
creeds i s the St Paul Catholi c H i storical Society which has its head
,
.
,
.
quarters at St Paul Seminary Thi s s o c i e t v was organi zed Ap ril 1 905

. .
,
.
522 ST PAU L AN D V I CI N I TY
.
I ts first o fficers were : M ost Rev John I reland D D honorary p resi .

, . .
,
dent ; Rev Franci s J Schae fer p resident ; R e v J as M Reardon sec

. .
, . . .
,
r e t a r y and l ibrarian I ts primary O bj ect i s to collect and preserve material s

.
o f al l ki nds relating to the Catholic hi sto ry o f the E cclesia stical Province

o f St Paul ; its secondary O b j ect to gather and co rrelate al l available i n
.
formati on concerning the hi story O f the Catholi c church i n the northwe st .
I ts charter membe rs i ncluded the archbi shop and bi shop s O f the p i o v

ince ; the Abbots E ngel and Wehrle a n d a large number o f the clergy , .
The soci ety hol ds meeti ngs fo r r ea d i i i lg a n d di scussing papers ; has estab b
l i s h e d a libra ry a n d museum f O 1 the preservat i on of hi st 01 i c mate rials ,
and publ i shes a semi annual periodical contai ni ng selected documents -
f rom the arch ives o f the society Thi s periodical i s entitled Acta e t .
“
D icta ; each i ssue contains 1 50 to 200 pages magazine form pre senting , ,
a number o f exceedingly valuabl e histo rical papers besi des a review o f ,
notable cu rrent events i n the Provi nce and a current necrology I ts .
pages are o f v ivi d intere st i n that they give many hereto fore unpubli shed
rec o rd s and letters relating to the begi nni ngs and progress o f civil izati on
i n thi s region The O f ficers o f the Historical Society for 1 9 1 1 are : Mo st
.
Rev John I reland D D honorary presi dent ; Ve ry Rev Franci s J

.
,
. .
, . .
Schae fer D D president ; Right R e v John J L awler D D vice pre si

, . . , . .
,
.
dent ; Rev Patrick A Sullivan S ecretary l ibrarian and edito r o f A c ta e t

. .
, ,
.
D i c ta ; Rev J ohn S e l e s k a r P h D
. treasu re r , . .
, .
The Col lege o f St Thomas situated near the banks o f the M i ssi ssippi
.
, .
n orth o f Summit avenue i s a very large p reparatory an d mi litary school ,
for boys i n success ful operation S i nce 1 88 5 an d has two or three times
, ,
been selected as honor school which i s the highest di stinction the war
” “
department c a n bestow I t i s a diocesan i nst i tut i on a n d among its stu .

,
dents are to be found boys f rom many states besi des M inne sota rang ,
ing from New Yo rk to Cal i fornia The students numbe r 697 V ery . .
R e v Humphrey Moyni han D D i s rector assi ste d by twenty —fou r pro

.
, . .
, ,
f e s s o r s an d college o f fice rs The students are organi zed into a battal ion .
_
o f cadets unde r di scipl ine prescribe d by a resi dent o f ficer O f the United
.
States army a n d are very p roficient i n m aneuvers and drill s

, .
V i si tation Convent i s o n e o f the ol dest best and mo st exclusive o f the ,
Cathol ic school s o f St Paul I t was organize d i n 1 8 7 3 and belongs to . .

,
the order o f the Religiou s o f the V i sitation o f Ou r Lady founded i n ,
Savoy i n 1 6 1 0 The grounds at the head o f Robert street are beauti fully
.
,
locate d and spac ious ; the course o f study i s comp rehensive a n d the most ,
care ful indivi dual attention i s given each pupi l Both day a n d boarding .
pupil s are admitted Si ste r M Clementi ne i s d irectress w ith t w e n t v

. .
,
one teachers There are 1 0 5 pupils . .
The Academy o f S t Joseph i s a large and important day school w ith .
a handsome modern building at the corner o f Weste r n and Nelson ave ,
nues i n the heart o f the 1 e s i d e n t i a l di strict I t i s manage d by the Si s

,
.
ters o f S t Jo seph a n d i s under the imme diate di rection o f A rchbi shop

.
I rel and Th e school i s for young ladies i s admi rably conducted a n d

.
,
h as a particularly fi n e mu sical department The 1 eg i s t r a t i o n last 1 e a r .

_
reache d ove r fou r hun dred I t i s expecte d that the novitiate an d train .
ing school n o w under construction will p rovide the additional space a l r ea d v

much needed S i ster M E ugenia i s directress a n d has twenty s i x teach
. .
,
- ~
ers Thi s academy was among the first educational i nstitutions for girl s
.
establ i shed i n the city an d was l ong since recogni zed as a sta n dard i n its
,
line .
The College o f St Cathe ri ne i s a boarding sch ool for girl s founded . .

ST PAU L AN D VI CI N ITY
. 523
i n 1 905 by the S i sters o f St Josep h I t i s beauti fully located 011 the

,
. .
Mi ssissipp i river at Cleveland avenue and Randolph street and its stu
dents number f rom 1 2 5 to 1 50 I ts standard o f scholarship I s ve ry high . .
and its graduates are accre dited to the University o f M innesota I t pre .
scribes the utmost simplicity o f dre ss and i s rigi dly O pposed to all dis ,
play and extravagance Si ster Frances C lai re is di rectress . .
S t A gat h a s Conservatory y o f M usic and Art on E ast E xchange

’
.
,
street opposite the ol d c ap i t o l makes a specialty o f studio work and i n

, ,
divi dual instruction i n t h ose subj ects and in the mo dern languages Thi s .
i s also conducted by the Si sters o f St Joseph and the instruction i s o f .

,
the best One o f the features o f the school i s the unu sually fine c o l l ec
.
tion o f p ictures S iste r Celestine i s directress and there are twenty

.
,
teachers .
The Cathedral school for boys or Cretin high school located for , ,
many years at Wabasha a n d S ixth streets now at Si xth street an d Maine ,
avenue ; i n a fine building dedicate d M arch 4 1 889 i s a high grade insti .

, ,
t u t i o n unde r charge o f the Chri stian B rothers

,
I t has a n enrollment o f .
over 500 pupils and numbers among its graduates some o f the leading
, ,
pro fessional and busi ness m en o f the city B rothe r E Lewi s i s di rector . .
a n d there are ni ne pro fessors .
B rie f mention o f the parochial schools has been made in connection

w ith the various churches t o which they are attached One o f the largest .
o f the day schools 1 5 St Agnes w ith an enrollment o f 700 to 800 and St

.
,
.
M ichael s follows closely with 600 These correspond to the grade

’
.
schools and thei r pupil s pass di rectly i nto the city high school s St . .
’
M ichael s is sai d to have the h ighest standard o f all the schools whose
pupil s enter the high schools— there has neve r been a fai lure on the part
o f her pupils to pass the requi site examinations O f the many Cathol ic .
schools it i s impossible to speak more i n detail They are scattered all .
'
ov er the city an d meet the needs o f all classes Several are German
,
.
school s n otab l e among these be ing St Matthew s St M ary s is a high

,
.
, .
’
school . O f t h ese Cathol ic educational i nsti tutions there are at least

twenty fiv e i n S t Paul
-
. .
C HARIT A B L E I N STITUTIO N S
The charitable insti tutions O f the C athol ic chu rch i n St Paul are .
numerous and b en e fic e n t O f these perhap s the most extensive is St . .
Jos eph s Hospital located at E xchange an d N inth streets It was e s

’
,
.
t ab l i s h e d m 1 8 53 by Bi shop Cretin on ground donated by H e n r y lM Rice , . .
I t now has many buil dings and a full equ ipment I t i s i n charge o f the .
Si sters o f St Joseph with Mother B ernardine as superi ntendent There

.
,
.
are thirty—fiv e si sters a n d sixty lay nu rses The patients du ring the year .
numbe r
The H ouse O f the Good S hepherd i n charge o f the S i sters o f the ,
Good Shepherd i s a correctional institution for wayward gi rl s regard

'
less o f creed and i s doing a work o f the utmost di f ficulty and importance
, .
I t i s located o n a large tract i n the outski rts o f the city at M ilton and ,
L a Fon d streets Mother Mary o f th e H oly Cross M c Cab e I s provinci al

. .
There are fi fty si ste rs and novices ; forty — t w o M agdalenes and 1 7 5 i n

mates i h charge o f si sters .
The St Paul Cathol ic Orphan Asylum i s a large establishment which

.
admits only girl s I t i s located at 933 Carroll street Mothe r Josephine

. .
i s at the head o f the institution assi sted by eleven S isters o f St J oseph , . .

.
There are seventy o rphans and twenty two inmate s o f the I n fant H ome -
department .
St J oseph s Orphan Asylum ( German ) at Randolph street and Ham ,
line avenue sustai ns 1 70 o rphans boys and gi rls Fourteen S i sters o f

, ,
.
St Benedict manage i ts a ff ai rs under the supe rvi sion o f Si ste r Jul iana
.
, .
’
St Paul s H ome for the Aged Poor i s at N o 90 Wilkin street and
. .
,
has for many yea rs done a work that i s app reciated and assi ste d by citi
zens o f al l classes and creeds The re are fi ftee n Little S iste rs o f the.
Poor connecte d w ith the H ome and Si ster M arv i s supe rintendent The , .
numbe r o f inmates ave rages 1 2 0 .
There are i n St Paul Catholic communitie s o f men rep resenting the

.
Benedictine Franciscan and Ma ri st orde rs and the B rothe rs o f the

, ,
Chri stian school s .
The rel igiou s communities o f women i n the c ity i nclude S i sters o f .
St Joseph ; S i sters o f St Benedict ; School Si sters o f N otre Dame ;

. .
ST .
J OS E PH S H OSPITA L ’
Fel ician S i sters ; S i ste rs o f the Good Shepherd ; L ittle S i ste rs o f the
Poor and the Vi sitation Nuns
,
.
The city mi ssionary i s Rev James Donahue . .
The e ditor o f the Ca th o l i c B u l l e ti n i s Rev James Reardon The . .
No r th W es t er n Ch r o n i c l e a n d D er W a n d er er both weekly are o fli c i a l l y , ,
recogni ze d as Catholic news papers .
Calva ry cemete ry i s at Com o avenue and Front street .
Among the more conspicuous o f the many organi zations conducted

and supported by the Cathol ic laymen o f St Paul under d irection o f the .
,
clergy i s the Society o f St V incent de Paul subdivided i nto nine c o n

,
.
,
f e r e n c e s each having in charge a ce rtain di strict o f the c ity and vi si ting

, ,
and rel ieving its o wn poo r i n that locality The Guild o f Catholic Women .
now consi st i ng o f ove r five hund re d members and systematicall y o r ,
g a n i z e d has al so subdivi de d the c ity for pu rpose s o f e fle c t i v e vi s i ting

, ,
outdoor rel ie f and the gene ral upli ft o f the li fe o f the c ity
, .
L U n i o n Francaise o f St Paul was founded July 22 1 86 7 by L

’
. .
, , , .
D e m e u l e s Al fre d Du fresne L A M ichaud J H Lesage Pierre Je rome

, . . .
. . . , .
S T PAUL A ND V I C I N ITY
. 5 25
Is a i e
S t Pierre F Robert P Vitu and D avi d Guerin Thi s i s a French
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
mutual benefit association for the relie f o f the w idows a n d orphans o f

deceased members ; they also render assistance to thei r m embers in sick
ness .
Other Catholi c societies are : Bohemian Workmen Society o f S t .
J oseph ; German Ge s s e l l e n Verei n ; I ri sh Benevolent Society yand St ,

.
’
Peter s Benevolent and Ai d Society The last named society i n 1 8 7 5 .
, ,
founded the German Catholic Ai d Society o f M innesota which now has ,
membe rs in 1 4 5 branches and a reserve fun d o f At a

recent session o f the German Roman Cathol ic Ai d Association the dele
gates approp riated for the erection o f a general o f fice building
in St Paul A site costing
. . was purchase d a few month s ago ,
and the executive committee was vested w ith po wer to enter i nto c o n
tract for the erection o f the bui lding The re i s also the German Cath o .
li c State Federation ( Staatsverband ) organi zed i n 1 887 and embracing ,
1 7 5 societie s w ith a membership o f app roximately a n d the Ger

man Catholic Federation o f St Paul compri sing ni neteen fraternal and .
other organizati on s in the si x German Cathol ic congregations o f thi s

c ity Both the State Federation and the G C Fe de ration o f St Paul
. . . .
,
are branch organization s o f the German Roman Catholic Central Socie ty

o f North America founded i n 1 8 55 The Obj ect o f the societies i s b e
, .
si des givi ng th ei r in em b e r s the benefi t o f l i fe i nsurance an d ai d i n need

,
and sickness preservation o f the German language and betterment o f

,
social and religi o us conditions O f the branches o f the Federation i n thi s .
’
city we may mention : St Clement s Soci ety ; St Anthony Society ; St . . .
’ ’
Leo Society ; St B ernard s Society ; St Matthew s Society ; St Franc is
. . .
de Sales S ociety ; the diff erent branche s o f the Faith ful Shepherds ; the
'
German branches o f the C O Foreste rs and the St Joseph Society . .

,
.
,
whic h has been instrumental in e recting the St Joseph s German Ca t h o .

’
l ic Orphan Asy lum on Randolph street .
The Knights o f Columbus the Catholic Order o f Fore sters an d the , ,
Anc ient Order o f H ibernians whi ch recogn ize intimate relations with ,
the Catholic chu rch are re ferred to i n anothe r chapte r They are active
,
.
and fl ouri sh ing as mil itant adj uncts to the expanding ep i scopacy .
D IO C E S E OF S T P AU L .
The Catholic dioce se o f St Paul covers the counties o f Ramsey . .
Hennepin Washin gton and twenty four other counties o f M innesota

,
-
a n area o f square miles Th e cathe dral at St Paul and the p ro . .
cathedral at Minneapol i s are the epi scopal headquarters Most Rev . .
John I reland D D i s archbi shop and the Right Rev John J L awler
,
. .
,
. . ,
D D V G i s auxi liary bishop o f S t Paul consecrate d May 1 9 1 9 1 0

. . . . .
,
.
, , .
The following table gives the latest publi she d stati stics o f the diocese :
Ar c h b i s h o p S tu d e n t s
Bi sh o p C o ll e g e s
D io c e s an P ri e s t s S tu den ts
P r i e s t s o f R e li g i o u s O r d e r s Co m m e r c i a l S c h o o l s , ( Ch ri s ti a n
To t al B r o th er s )
C h u rc h es w ith r e s i d en t p r i e s ts . P u p il s
M i s s i o n s w ith Ch u rc h es To ta l n u m b e r o f pup il s in P a ro
To tal Ch u rc h e s c h i a l S c ho o l s
M i s s i o n s w i t h o u t C h u rc h e s B o ar d i n g S c h o o l s an d Aca d e m i e s
Ch a p e l s f o r Gi r l s
Th eo l o g i c al S e m i n a r y P u pi l s
.
'
To t a l r o f p u p il s i n Ca th
n u m be H o s pi t a s l 3
o l i c I n s ti t u t i o n s o f L ea r n i n g P at i e n t s d u r ing y ear
,
( S c h o o l s i n O rp h an A s y l u m s H o m es fo r t h e Ag e d P o o r
i n cl u de d ) In m a t e s 33 1
O r p h a n A sy l u m s 3 H o u s e o f Go o d S h e p h e r d . 1
O rp h a n s 347 I n m at e s 9
Cat h o li c P o p u l a t i o n , abo u t
The p rovince o f St Paul presi de d ove r by the great archbi shop who
.
,
has done so much to bu il d it up i s the magni ficent outgrowth o f the l it ,
tle pari sh planted with tea rs a n d toil seventy —o n e years ago by Fathe
,
r
G a l t i e r in the cabin chapel bu ilt o f logs which gave a name to the city
,
-
, , ,
the di ocese and the p rovi nce Th i s p rovince n o w i nclude s the great .
state s o f M innesota South Dakota and North Dakota with th e follow

, ,
i ng organizations :
A rchdiocese o f St Paul M innesota— M t R ev J ohn I reland D D.
,
. .
,
. .
,
consecrated Decembe r 2 1 1 8 75 ; appointed a r c h b i s lI O p M ay 1 5 1 8 88 , ,

.
Rt Rev John J L awle r D D auxiliar y bi shop consecrate d M a y 1 9

. . .
, . . . , ,
1 91 0 .
D iocese o f B ismarck N orth Dakota— R t Rev \ i ncent O ,

. . .
S B D D consecrated M ay 1 9 1 9 1 0
. .
,
. .
, ,
.
Di ocese o f Crookston M i nnesota— R t Rev Timoth y Corbett D D . . .

, . .
,
consecrated M ay 1 9 1 9 1 0 , .
Di oce se O f Duluth M innesota — R t Rev Jame s M c G l o r i c k D D

,
. . . . .
,
c o n s ec 1 a t e d Decembe r 2 7 1 889 ,
.
D i oce se O f Fargo N orth D akota — R t Rev James O R e i l l v D D .

’
. .
c o n s ec r at e d Ml ay 1 9 1 9 1 0 ,
.
D iocese o f L ead South D akota — R t Rev Joseph F Busch D D

,
. . . . . .
,
consecrated M ay 1 9 1 9 1 0 . .
Diocese o f St Clou d M i nnesota— R t Rev Jame s Tr o b ec D D

. , . .
,
. .
consecrated September 2 1 1 8 97 ,
.
D i oce se o f Sioux Fall s South Dakota Rt Rev Thomas O G o r m a n

'
.
, .
,
D D con secrated April 1 9 1 896

. .
, , .
D iocese o f \V i n o n a M i nnesota — R t Rev Patrick R He f fron D D

,
. . . . . .
,
consecrated M a y
The p a 1 i s h has gro 1 1 n into a province o f the chu rch ; the l onely
pri est has been succeeded by a h i e 1 a r c h ) consi sting o f an a rchbi shop . ,
nine bi shops and pe rhaps a thousand priests The l og C hapel ha d gro w n .
by 1 8 57 into a stone cathedral which i n 1 9 1 1 i s soon to be supe rseded , . .
by the stately granite temple o f worsh ip n o w ri sing 011 the bro w o f St .
Anthony hill to magn ificently crown the l i fe work o f a nobl e p relate ,
and testi f y to the generosit y o f a devote d people .
LAT E ST C A T H E DRA L OF S T P A U L .
The co rne rstone o f thi s ma g nificent st ructu re the latest cathedral .
o f St Paul was laid w ith most impressive ce remonies a n d i n the pres

.
,
ence o f an immen se t h rong o f c iti zens on Sunda y June 2 1 907 The . . . .
gr a nd p roce ssion consi sted o f m en f rom al l parts o f th e state ,
marchin g under the i nsign ia o f thei r respective chu rches and societie s ,
and endl ess l ine o f flags a n d banners a n d face s — the greatest parade .
wi th po ssibl y one exception e 1 e 1 seen i n t h e c i t 1 P a 1 t i c i pa t i n g i n the .
c e r em o n 1 1 1 e re \ 1 c h b i s h o p I reland and all the bi shops o f the p rovince ;

_
the archbi shops o f Dubuque P 0 1 tl a n d a n d Ch i c ag : o f H elena

Seattl e D a v e n pO I t Omah a I inc o ln Si o u x Cit 1 o
. .
q tt bishops
.
J O S Cp h S u p e r i m ,
.
, ,
.
,
5 28 ST . PAUL A N D VI C I N ITY
Nashv ille and Peo ria— twenty five bi shops in all ; 2 50 priests ; 2 00 L e
vite s o f the St Paul Sem inary and 500 pupi ls o f the College o f St
.
, .
Thomas i n thei r cadet uni forms C ol Jo sias R King o f St Paul was

, . . . .
gran d marshal The corne r stone was laid by Bi shop t c Go l r i c k assi sted
;
,
by V ery Revs H e fl r o n M oynihan a n d Schae fer A cablegram was read

.
, .
f rom Pope Pius X at Rome conveying the apostol ic blessing and a , ,
tel egram o f congratulation s f rom President Roosevelt at Washington .
E loquent addresses were deli ve red by A rchbi shop I reland Judge E W , . .
Bazille M ayo r Robert A Smith Governor John A Johnson Senator

, .
, .
,
M oses E Clapp a n d Ju dge W L Kelly I t was a memorable occasion

.
, . . .
in the annals o f the church a n d O f the city .
D uri ng five succeeding years the work o f constructing thi s splend id

edifi ce has gone steadily forward under the care ful supervi sion o f t h e
accompl ished architect E ugene L oui s M asqueray o f thi s city Its mas
, , .
sive walls o f sol id enduring granite its stately towers and its lo fty dome
, , ,
will stand for ages a beacon a n d a landmark i n the city o f the future
, .
I n arch itectu ral design the cathedral o f St Paul while entirely o f the .
,
twentieth centu ry i n feeli ng and purpose w ill at th e same time embody ,
i n its composition those secondary featu res that gave so much charm to
the old churches o f t h e m i d d l e ages .
The outs ide dimensions o f the cathe dral are as follows : L engt h ,
two hundred an d seventy —four feet ; w i dth o f transepts two hundred a n d

_
fourteen ; w i dth o f mai n f a c c a d e one hundre d and forty ; w idth O f dome , ,
one hun dre d an d twenty f eet ; height O f f a c c a d e one hundred and thi rty ,
feet ; height o f towers one hundre d an d fi fty feet ; height o f cross over
,
t h e dome two hundre d a n d eighty feet

, Under the towers are the e n .
trances to the crypt located beneath the f ront part o f the church where
, ,
there w il l b e an important chapel or lower church and two large room s

fo r meetings o f societies and c at c h i s m classes B etween the f ac c a d e a n d .
Summit avenue the grounds o n e hundred and ten feet i n depth have , ,
been treated as monumental app roaches ramp s and walks having been ,
studied w ith regar d to easy access to the church an d a n arti stic setti ng to
the w hol e e di fice .
The outli ne o f a cross ambulatories between the main body o f the ,
church an d the surrounding chapels have bee n retaine d w ith all thei r ,
rel igious symboli sm To accompl i sh th i s and at the same time create a

.
modern structure th e relative p roportions o f the di ff erent elements as

,
they appear i n the ancient churches of E urope have been modified The .
long and narrow nave and transepts o f the mediaeval churches have
been made w i der an d shorte r At thei r i ntersection the great dome ha s .
been placed an d becomes the feature o f the composition followi ng in , ,
fact the mai n l ine s O f the original plan O f St P e t e r f s i n Rome as lai d

,
.
,
out by B ramante and M ichel Angelo The l ong nave added late r to St . .
Peter s by Carlo Maderna has never been con si dered an a rchitectural

’
improvement o n the original scheme .
The mai n entrance i s under a monumental arch f ram i ng the apse

w indow and th rough the three front entrance s leading to the vestibule
l ocate d unde r th e organ gallery A t each end O f the vestibule unde r the .
’
two towers are two chapels o n e to be the founde r s cha pel an d the , ,
othe r to contain the bapti smal font The mai n nave i s s i xty feet i n .
wi dth and eighty fou r i n height an d i s fl anked b v two large and beauti ,
ful chapel s one consecrated to the Blessed V i r g m and the other to St

,
.
Joseph Runni n g parallel to the nave on both si de s and separated from

.
i t by imposing p i ers are the ambulato rie s or passageways twelve feet , ,

ST PAU L A ND V I CI N ITY
.
5 29
i n wi dth giving easy access to all parts o f the nave and to the chapels O f
,
the B lessed Virgin a n d o f St Joseph . .
The exterior o f the cathedral i s a frank architectural exp ression o f

the interior and i s distinguished by broad treatment o f wall sur f aces
and dignity o f p roportions the ornamented parts being grouped at,
points where they W i ll be e ff ective an d will emphasize the general archi

t e c t u r a l design—c hi e fly
'
on the mai n front the towers the si des the

, , , ,
entrances and the dome The buil di ng material u sed i s a l ight gray pink
.
-
granite full o f quartz which under the l ight o f the sun sparkles like
, , ,
p recious stones The textu r e being rathe r coarse details have been
.
,
treated broadly and simply The architectural scheme as a whole in

.
, ,
its massiveness sol idity dign ity a n d beauty i s a noble incarnation o f the
, , , ,
religious spi rit ecclesiastical zeal a n d historic significance which have

, , ,
combined to render the erection o f thi s cathedral church in St Paul i n .
the highest degree epochal lau dable reverential , , .
The great dome i s ninety si x feet in diameter an d o n e hundred and

-
sevent y fiv e feet in its interior elevation Twenty —fou r large w indow s

-
.
i n the dome bri ng a flood o f light to the sanctuary On each si de o f the .
dome are the transepts o f the same dimensions as those o f the nave
, ,
and lighte d by great rose windows similar to the one over the f ront
-
entrance At the end o f the transepts are the entrances to the two great
.
chapels o f St Peter an d o f St Paul ; near w hich secondary doors open to

. .
Se l by a n d Dayton avenues The sanctuary occup ie s the whole apse the

.
,
dimension being sixty feet i n w i dth an d sixty fiv e feet in l ength It i s -

.
surroun ded by marble columns supporting arches that separate i t f rom the
ambulatory beyond which are the chapels o f the nations si x i n number
, , ,
dedicated to the apostles o f the several races from whi ch are derived the
peop le o f the n o rthwest .
An inspection o f the drawings shows that the ground plan o f the i n .
t e r i o r o f the cathe dral w ill be very open a f fording f rom every part a ,
clear view o f the altar and o f the pulpit a n d at the same time permitting
a fine group ing o f the secondary elements o f the archit ectural composi
tion ambulatories chapel s organ gallery etc and adding most p i c t u r
, , , ,
.
,
e sque e f fects and a rel igious atmosphere to the monumental ensemble .
The seating capacity i s three thousand i n pews and one thousand more ,
in removable chai rs .
CH A PT E R X L VI I I
PROT E STA N T R EL I GI OU S OR GA N I Z AT I O N S
F I RST P ROT E ST A NT C H UR C H ( M E T H ODI ST ) — I N M I N N E SOT A D I STRI C T

.
,
W I S C O N SI N C ON F E R E N C E— J A C KSO N A ND M A R K E T S TR EE T C H UR C H E S
O T H E R M E T H ODI ST C H UR C H E S— P R E SBYT E RI A N C H UR C H E S— P L Y
MOUT H A N D O T H E R CO NG R EG A T LO N A L C H UR C H E S— TH E PE OP L E S ’
C H UR C H — B A PT I ST O RG A N I Z A TIO N S— T H E E P I S CO P A LI A N s — L U
T H E R A N C H UR C H E S O F T H E C IT Y— S W ED E N BORGI A N U N ITARI A N A N D ,
U N IV E RS ALI ST— H E BR E W C O N GR E G A T I O N S .
I n 1 8 3 6 the I llinoi s Annual Con ference O f the M ethod ist E piscopal

,
chu rch by the advice o f Rev Pete r Akers a very able p reache r a fter
, .
, ,
wa rd s p re si dent o f M c K e n d r e e College I llinoi s and a p ro fessor o f , ,
Hamli ne Un ive rsi ty M innesota i naugurate d two movements o f import

, ,
ance i n the rel igiou s history o f St Paul an d v icinity I t establ ishe d a . .
m i ssion for the S ioux unde r Rev A B runson at K a po s i a nea r what i s

, . .
, ,
n o w South St Paul late r removed across the M i ssi ssipp i to Re d Rock

.
, .
which i s still retaine d by the M ethodists for camp meeting purpose s

B i shop Ame s o f the Methodi st church visited thi s m ission i n 1 840 I t .
al so establ i shed nea r Jacksonvi l le I ll inois unde r the charge o f Pete r

, , ,
”
Ake rs the E beneeze r Manual L abor School to educate m e n f or p r a c
,
“
,
tical work in Indian mi ssions M r B runson was assi sted by Rev Dav id. . .
Ki nn g Rev Thomas W Pope a n d J H olton L ate r John J ohnson ( E n

,
. . . .
m ega h b o w ) George Co pw ay and Peter Ma rkham three young Oj ih

, ,
way I ndians we re sent through M r B runson s e fforts f rom M innesota

,
.
’
to the sch ool at Jacksonville for education Two white men Samuel .
,
Spate s a n d Allen Hu ddleston entered the S chool in I lli noi s at the same
, .
time w ith the same ob j ect

. .
These fi v e m e n 0 11 completing the i r e ducati on came to M innesota and

,
became m issionaries to the Chippewa s Johnson fo r pe rsonal reasons .

, .
trans ferred to the E pi scopal church became o n e o f B i shop Whipple s ,

’
valued I ndian c o l ab o r e r s and remained a faith ful Ch ri stian W orke r for

si x ty five y ears ( almost the exact pe riod o f Peter Akers mini stry ) until ’
hi s death in 1 902 at the age o f ninety two yea rs

These were the beginnings o f the Methodist church nea r St Paul . .
F IRST P ROT E ST A NT C H UR C H ( M E TH ODIST )
In 1 8 44 St Paul became a n appointment i n the St C roi x M i ssion o f

. .
the Wi scon sin con fe renc e Rev M r Hu rlbut was appointed to the mi s
. . .
sion but as hi s fiel d embrace d al l the settlements 011 both S i de s O f the

.
river from the head o f L ake Pepin to S t Croi x Fall s and as St Paul . . .
was j ust then com ing into be ing it coul d not have received a ve ry large ,
ST PAU L A N D V I CI N I TY
. 53 1
share o f attention M r Hu rlbut was succeeded i n 1 846 by J W Put

. . . .
nam and he i n 1 848 by B en j ami n Close

, I n the meantime several .
Methodi st famil ies had settle d here an d the town itsel f was beginning to
assume importance and o n the last day o f the year 1 848 a M ethodist
,
church was organized by Rev Benj Close I t consi sted o f eighteen . . .
members and is the first Protestant church organize d i n S t Paul

, . .
D u r i rig the mi nistry o f the Rev M r Putnam in 1 84 7—8 a small . .

.
,
frame structu re was erected on Jackson street a fi d i n the Sp r ing o f

,
1 8 49 a quarterly meeting was hel d i n it by Rev Henry Summers p re

'
.
,
si ding elde r The first quarterly con ference was hel d by Rev Chauncey
. .
H obart o n the 2 6t h o f the following November For some reason thi s .
house was never fini shed But during the year 1 849 a smal l brick
'
church was commenced o n M arket street fronting Rice Park wh ich e n ,
larged a n d otherwi se improved was occupied unti l November 1 8 7 3 , , ,
when the congregation moved into a handsome building on St A nthony .
street nea i Summi t Park The M arket street church i s sai d to have .
been the fi rst Protestant house o f worship erected in M innesota It i s .
still standing and i s now occupi ed by a business e stabli shment .
IN M I N N E SOTA D ISTRI C T ,
W I S C O N SI N CO NF E R E N C E
I n June 1 8 5 1 the M innesota di strict o f the Wisconsin con ference

, ,
was organize d a n d C hauncey Hobart was appointe d pre siding el der

, ,
and pastor o f the church i n St Paul The next year M r H obart was . . .
employe d wholly 011 t he di strict which extended from Prairie d u Chien ,
to Sandy y lake a di stance o f some 700 miles

, He was succeede d i n St . .
Paul by L eo n a r d D ickens who In 1 8 5 1 was followe d by Thomas M Fu l , .
l er to n I n 1 8 53 Davi d B rooks was appointed p resi ding elder o f this

.
di strict .
A C KSON A N D M ARK E T S TR EE T C H UR C H E S
During the year 1 8 55 6 the Jackson Street church was built on the -
co rner o f Jackson an d N inth streets and Rev E J Ki nney was ap , . . .
pointe d its pastor I n 1 8 57 the two churches the Fi rst and the Jackson
.
,
Street were united i nto one pastoral charge and Rev Cyrus B rooks
, . .
” “
was a pp oi nted to the St Paul Stati on H e was assiste d by Rev . . .
Wi ll iams S E dwards I n the spring o f 1 8 58 the chu rch was again d i

. .
'
v i d e d i nto two charges called the Jackson S t r e et a n d the Mark et Street

chu rches .
When the Market Street church was remove d to upper Thir d ( St

. .
Anthony ) street the name was changed to Fi rst church which it still
, ,
retains It was again removed i n 1 909 to a new an d still larger building

.
,
one O f the most beauti ful examples o f modern church architecture i n

the northwe st at the northwest corner o f Portland avenue and Vi ctoria
,
stree t I ts membership i s now over 500 Among its distingui she d pas
. .
tors have be en Rev E dward E ggleston the author i n 1 8 59 Rev Samuel

.
, .
G Smith D D now o f the People s c h u r c h an d Rev F O Hol man

'
’
. . . .
.
, .
, , .
The Jackson Street church retai ned its location until crow de d out
by business encroachments and about 1 890 th e p re sent sple ndid stone ,
e difice at M innesota and Twel fth streets was occupie d The name was .
” “
then changed to Central Park M E church It has si nce been one o f . . .
the v igorous and influential churches o f the city having now a ve ry large ,
membership and many subsi diary worki ng enterp rises

—6
.
V ol . Ill
58 2 ST PA U L A N D VI CI N ITY
.
O T H E R M E T H ODI ST C H UR C H E S
Cl inton Avenu e chu rch at the corne r o f Cl inton avenue and I sabel ,
Street on the west side wa s organize d i n 1 87 0 and ha s had a very pro s

, , ,
peron s career I ts membersh i p i s 2 50 . .
Grace chu rch o n B u r r street near M i nnehaha the border land o f A r

’
-
, ,
l i n gt o n Hil l s was organi zed i n 1 8 7 3 and has about 200 members

, .
The Fi rst German M E chu rch was organi zed in 1 8 5 1 and consi sted . .
,
J f only eight membe rs Rev J H aas was the first pastor The first . . . .
hou se o f w orship was bu il t i n 1 8 53 at the co rner o f Broadway and S ixth ,
street I t was a pla in f rame buildi ng 2 8 by 4 0 feet i n si ze The p rop

.
,
“
er ty owned by the society— a f rontage o f 1 6 5 feet on S i xth street and
o f 1 00 feet each on B roadway and Ro sabel —became i n time Ve ry valu

able The next chu rch building o n Ro sabel at the co rner of S ixth was
.
, ,
e rected i n 1 8 60 du ring the pastorate o f R ev Phi lip Funk Over twe nty
, . .
years ago the fine new church at Ol ive stree t and Van Slyke cou rt was
-
bui lt and occupi ed I t now has a membership o f 300 . .
The St Jame s A f rican M E church wa s organi zed Septembe r 1 8 7 0

. . .
, ,
w ith si x members by Thomas Wi se pastor w ho rece ive d hi s appoint , ,
ment from the I ndiana con ference hel d in Chicago that yea r Trustee s : ,
.
Daniel Harding D aniel Johnson Alonzo B row n and Horace Carlyle I t

, ,
.
now has a membershi p o f 400 and i s l ocate d at the corne r o f Fuller

avenue and Jay street .
Othe r churche s o f the Methodi st denomination in the c ity are :

Arl in gt on H ill s ( Swedi sh ) ; 70 1 E ast Cook Organi ze d S eptembe r .
1 8 89 M embe rsh ip 200

. .
A sbury M E chu rch ; Frank corne r Ross O rganize d 1 88 5 Mem

. .
,
. .
hership 1 1 0 .
B ethlehem M E chu 1 ch ( German ) ; Matil da a venue co rner L aw . .

,
son O rgani zed Apri l 1 1 900 M embe rship 3 8

F i r s t INo r w e g i a n an d Dani sh ; Broadwa y co rne 1 Thi rteenth Member
. .
t ,
.
.
,
sh ip 2 00 .
Fi rst Swedi sh ; Tenth corne r Temperance Organi zed 1 8 54 Mem ,

. .
be r s h i p 1 10 .
Da y ton s Blu f f ( German ) ; Fou rth co rne 1 M aple Organized October

’
,
.
1 8 86 Membe rship 400

. .
Haml ine ; Capitol avenue corne r A s bu r v avenue Organi zed S eptem , .
ber 1 ° 1 880 Membership 660 . .
Holman Memorial ; Bates avenue co rne r E ucl id Organize d October ,

.
2 4 1 88 2
,
M embership 2 60
. .
King Street ; King corner O rlean s Organi ze d 1 88 4 Membership ,

. .
Olivet M E church ; Armstrong avenue corne r View Organized

. . . .
October 1 886 R ebui lt in 1 909 Membe rship 4 5. . .
St Anthony Park M E chu rch ; Raymond avenue south o f Manvel

. . . , .
M embership 240 .
St Jame s A frican M E chu rch ; Fuller avenue co rner Jay O rgan

. . .
,
.
i z e d M ay 1 88 2 Membe rship 400 . .
Tri nity ; Dewey co rner Car roll avenue O rganized J une 1 7 1 886 .
.
,
.
Membe rship 2 50 .
We sley chapel ; Park avenue corne r Cook street . .
We st S i de German M E church ; George corner B id w ell O rgan . . . .
i z e d January 1 1 88 5 Membe rship 95 ,

. .
ST PAU L A ND VI CI N ITY
.
533
P R E SBYT E RIA N C H UR C H E S
The Presbyterian church was founded in thi s region by the m i ssion ,
ari es Samuel W Pond Gideon H Pond T S Williamson and thei r

,
.
, .
,
. .
associates w ho arrived at Fort Snell ing i n 1 8 3 5 and e stabli shed stations

,
for work among the Siou x I ndian s at K apo s i a and Lake Harriet D r
,
. .
Williamson also organized a Presbyterian chu rch o f S i xteen members at

the Fort .
The fi rst meeting calle d w ith a view to the formation of a Pre sby
terian chu rch in St Paul was pr esi ded over by R ev E D Neill who
.
, ,
. . .
,
C E NTRA L PR E SBYT E RIAN C H UR C H
had been commi ssioned by the Ameri can H ome M i ssionary Society as ,
its m i ssionary here on November 2 6 1 8 49 A few days later on Decem

, , .
,
be r 5th the church was organized the R ev E D Ne ill to occupy the

'
. .
, .
pulpit and W H Tinker and J W Selby being elected elde rs At the

, . . . . .
ordination the P i o n e er says :

,
Rev D r Williamson o f the L i ttle C row . .
mi ssion ( K apo s i a ) was present w ith several o f the nati ve S ioux

,
On .
“
May 1 8 1 8 50 the house of worship j ust a fter its e rection on the corne r
, , ,
of Washington and Fourth streets w as consumed by fire A new house , .
o f brick was at once commenced an d was occupied ( be fore it was fi n

.
i s he d ) the fi rst time N ovembe r 1 0 1 8 50 Thi s C hu rch edifice was e rected

, , .
the corner o f St Pete r and Thi rd streets I t i s now a busi ness buil d
’
0 11 . .
Rev D r Ne ill continued to se rve a s pastor o f Fi rst chu 1 ch until i n

. .
1 8 55 when he le ft it to organize House o f H ope Chu 1 ch

, Rev J R . . .
Barnes then became stated supply o f the pulpit until in Augu st 1 8 56 , .
w hen he w a s succeeded by Rev J ohn Mattock s o f K ey v i l l e Ne 1 1 York .

, , ,
who w a s the regula r pasto r unti l h i s death i n 1 8 7 5 Soon a fter the .
death of D r M attocks the Rev N W Car y became pasto r H e was

.
, . . . .
succeede d i n January 1 8 7 8 by Rev D r Samuel Conn The present , , . . .
pasto r i s Rev E H M oore I ts membership i s 2 00 I n 1 8 7 0 the society

. . . . .
d ecided to m ove into the l ower part o f the city The chu rch property .
w a s sold a n d a new location w a s pu rchase d I n 1 87 5 the chu rch build ,
i n g at the corner o f L a Fayette avenue and Woodward was occupi ed , .
At that time thi s was and seeme d li kely to remain a ve ry eligibl e re si

dence cente r But soon a fterward the movement towa rd the hill di strict
.
began and twenty years later the church sol d its l owe r tow n p roperty
,
a n d removed to i ts p re sent location co rne r o f L i ncol n avenue and Grotto
street wh ich i t wi ll occupy until its con soli dati on w ith the House o f H ope
,
church agreed on i n 1 9 1 2 takes e ff ect o n the completion o f the n e w

, ,
bu il ding near at hand .
The Central P r es by t e 1 i a n chu 1 ch had its or i (g i n i n 1 8 51 1 1 h e n the .
i dea was fi rst ente rtai ned o f f O 1 m i n g a soci ety i n St Paul i n connection .
,
1 1 i th 1 1 hat was the Ol d School branc h o f the Presb y te rian chu rch To .
1 1 ard s the clo se o f the summe r the Rev J G R i h e l d a fl e r arrived in St . . . .
Paul unde r the auspice s of the B oard o f D ome stic M i ssion s o f the Pre s
.
b y t e r i a n chu rch O S M r R i h el d a ff e r p reached hi s first se rmon at S t

, . . . .
Paul i n the Fi rst Presbyterian chu rch b y the courteou s i nv itation o f

. ,
Rev M r Neill its pasto r a cou rte sv which was occasionally repeated
. . , ,
until othe r arrangements we re made .
O n Satu rday February 2 2 1 8 52 a l ittle compa n y ni ne in numbe r met

, , , , .
at the dwel ling o f th e mi ni ster i n a o n e story f rame house 011 Si xth

street between Robe rt and Jack son In that company smal l as i t was
. .
, .
two or three separate nationali ties and Scotch Ge 1 man E ngl ish and , , ,
A m e i i c a n bl ood were represented Seven persons presented lette rs f rom .
other churche s and w ere admitted to membershi p v i z : M r a n d M rs R . . . .
Ma rvin M r and M rs G W Farri ngton M rs Cathe rine R i h e l d a fle r

. . . . . . . .
John D Pollock and J Gi se The rul ing elde rs chosen w ere Me ssrs
. . . .
Farrington a n d Marvin a n d the latte r was appoi nted state d cl erk o f the
sessi on .
Servic es 1 1 e 1 e hel d s u c c e s s i v e l v i n the Bapti st chu 1 ch i n the cou 1 t

h ou se at the state cap itol an d i n the schoolh ouse on Jack son street It .
1 1 1 s finally deci ded to buil d a chu 1 ch o n lots donated fo r the purpo se b y
H Randall and Lou i s Robert at E xc h an g e and Ceda r streets I n

.
.
1 8 56 a handsome brick church w a s e rected I n 1 8 67 it was enlar g ed at .
an ex p ense e xceeding the original cost D r R i h e l d a f’

f e r re si g ned i n . .
to e n ter educati onal w ork Amon g hi s notable succe ssors h a ve been .
R ev D . F I B row n R e v Wm M c K i b b i n a n d Rev R F Maclaren

. . . . . .
R e 1 I Ia i r 1 N o ble \V i lson Is 11 0 1 1 the p astor Amon t h ose 1 1 ho have been .

g
rul in g el de 1 s and tru s tees o f thi s cl u n ch a i e : R i c h a i d Chute I Io n S I R . . . . . .
M c M i ll a n D r T D Si monton I I F M c Co r m i c k J ame s \V Hamilton

. . . , . . .
E d 11 a 1 d ebb I D Po l lock I \ I D i ack \\ 1 l l l a m H e r 1 10 tt S D icke 1. .

'
, . .
\ V i l l i a m F \ Ia So n \ V T D on al d so n O D T 1 1 1 1 ell R P I e w i s O
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Cu rti s s I Sim o nton R e v H M a l t b v D r J ohn Steel e

. . K , . . . . ,
.
5 36 ST PAU L A N D V I CI N I T Y
.
to 1 902 The p re sent pastor i s Rev H C Swea ringen D D a n d the

. . . .
, . .
,
c hurch membership aggregate ove r The churc h has an assi stant

pasto r and several dependenc ies .
On February 1 0 1 8 6 8 the trustee s were i nstructe d to procee d w ith

, ,
the e rection o f a new c hu rch bu il di ng to cost n o t less than ,

“
On January 2 8 1 8 69 the corne r stone was laid and i n Decembe r fol

, ,
-
lowi ng the first public serv ice— the Chri stmas annive rsary o f the Sunday
school— was held i n the b as ement and the ne xt Sunday regular service was ,
hel d also i n the basement O n the fi rst Sabbath in 1 8 7 1 the whole amount .
o f the church debt was rai sed by subscri ption I n February

, .
,
1 8 73 , the new bu il di ng was completed and 0 11 the 2 3 r d the main room ,
was occup i ed M ore than three year s late r or o n the 20t h o f August
.
, ,
1 8 7 6 the chu rch wa s dedicated

, The build ing w hich i s locate d o n Fi fth .
street at the northwest co rner o f E xchange is o f Gothic architectu re

, , ,
buil t o f blue l imestone a n d i s very spacious a n d impo sing I ts spi re i s .
covere d w ith Ve rmont slate and ri ses to the height o f 1 66 feet The , .
original cost o f the site bu il ding and fu rnitu re was o f whic h , ,
sum wa s actually pai d in cash by the people o f the chu rch I t .
has si nce been enlarge d a n d imp rove d at consi de rable expense .
T he House o f Hope i s a cheri shed St Paul i nstitution I t has been . .
favo red w ith a succession o f pasto rs o f di stingu i shed abi lity a n d i ts ,
o fli c i a l members have included such m e n as Alexande r Ram sey D R ,

. .
Noyes W B D ean H M Knox Thoma s Coch ran F VV e y e r h a u s e r

,
. .
,
. .
, ,
.
,
F D ri scoll H Knox Taylor C H B igelow R C Je ff erson and H J

.
, .
,
. .
, . . . .
Horn Prope rty has been bought on Summit avenue beyond Dale street
.
,
a fine new e di fice w il l be bu ilt thereon at once a n d a plan for con soli dation ,
w ith t h e Fi rst Presbyterian chu rch has been agree d to .
The D ayton Avenue P re sbyterian chu rch dates f rom Ap ril 2 0 1 8 7 1 ,

.
On that day was hel d a meeting o f the mi ni ste rs and el ders o f chu rches
o f the ci ty to consi der the p rop riety o f establ i shing a chu rch on S t An .
tho my H ill A comm ittee consi sti ng o f D W I ngersoll a n d Richard

. . .
Marvin f rom the Fi rst chu rch ; Gene ral R W Johnson and E dward
,
. .
Webb f rom the Central ; Th o ln a s Cochran J r a n d Hon S J R Mc

, ,
.
,
. . . .
M illan f rom the House o f Hope ; a n d R ev F W Fl int at large was

,
. . .
, ,
appointed to select a si te and e rect a buil ding A l ot was purchase d at .
th e corne r o f Dayton avenue and M ac k u b i n street and i n the summer ,
o f 1 8 7 3 a plai n but substantial buil ding was erecte d a n d de dicate d Jul y

l o th . The chu rch was regularly organi ze d on Sunday April 1 9 1 8 74 ,
.
Twenty th ree members united at the o rgani zati on Rev D r John Mat
-
. . .
tocks p re si ded The fi rst el ders we re S J R M c M i l l a n W L Wil son and

. . . .
, . .
L A Gilbert The first pa sto r was Rev Mau rice D E dwards w ho e n

. . . . .
,
t e r e d on hi s l abo rs July 1 9 1 8 7 4 a n d i s stil l the pasto r The present , ,

.
c hu rch building o f brownstone a model temple o f w orship was buil t in , ,
1 8 86 at a cost o f about $ 50 000 The chu rch has had a steady growth . .
propo rtionate to the development o f that po rtion o f the city i n whi ch i t

i s located and the present membe rship i s ove r 7 00 ; The remarkably long
,
period o f the devoted service o f D r E d ward s w ith thi s chu rch i s highl y . . .
c redi table al i ke to pasto r and people .
The follow in g additional Presbyte rian Chu rches a re now i n active

operation in St Paul : .
Arl ington H ill s ; Case southeast corner E dge rton street O rgani zed .
.
December 9 1 8 8 8 Membership 200 . . .
B e t hl ehem German : Pl easant avenue and Ram se y street O rgani zed .
1 8 87 . Membershi p 1 60 .
ST PAU L A ND VI CI N I TY
. .
53 7
Dano N orwegian Golgotha ; 1 96 Thom as street Organized August

-
.
6 1 893
,
Membership 1 3 8. .
E ast ; Rose an d Seventh streets Organize d August 2 8 , 1 8 84 . .
Fi rst o f South S t Paul ; Fi fth avenue corner M arie Avenue Mem .

, .
h ership 6 5 .
Goodrich Avenue ; Goodrich avenue east o f Garfield Organize d , .
Ap ri l 6 1 884 M embership , .
Kn o x ; Asbury aven u e corner M i nnehaha street Orga nized Septem ,

.
ber 4 1 890 Membership 1 47

,
. .
M ac a l e s t e r ; Summit corne r Cambridge avenue Membership 1 3 5 . .
Fi rst ; Merriam Park ; Iglehart corne r Moore avenue Organize d , .
March 1 884 M embership 300 . .
N inth ; E dmund street co rner Farrin g ton avenue Organized 1 88 5 , . .
Membership 1 22 .
VVa r r e n d a l e ; Cross avenue corne r Ox ford street O rganized J une , .
1 2 1 8 89
,
Membe rship 4 2 . .
Westminster ; Greenwood avenue and Wini f red O rganize d A p ril 3 .

,
1 88 5 M embership 1 1 0
. .
P L YM OUTH A ND O TH E R C O NGR E GATION A L C H UR C H E S
The first Congregational church i n S t Paul was the Plymouth .

,
which was organized June 1 7 1 8 58 There were fi fteen members i n the , .
organization among whom were Rev P W N icholas P P Furber

, . . .
, . .
,
Wi lliam L Phinney an d H C Wi lson Rev P W N ichols was the first

. . . . . . .
deacon of the church and continued i n that posi tio n until hi s death in
1 8 63 . Rev Burdett Hart o f Fai r Haven Connecticut was called to the
.
, , ,
pasto rate September 9 1 8 58 and served until Ap ril 1 8 59 H e was suc , , ,

.
c e e d e d by Rev A S Fiske who resigned in Apri l 1 86 2 entered the Un i on

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,
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, ,
army as chaplain o f the Fourth M innesota and was for many year s a , , ,
leading pastor i n W ashington D C The first chu rch bu ilding was a ,

. .
chapel on Temp erance street which was dedicate d November 4 1 8 59 , ,

.
The present house o f wo rsh ip at the corne 1 o f Wabasha street and ,
Summit avenue was erected in 1 8 72 Its total cost was Its .
erection was accompl ished during the pastorate o f Rev C M Terry w ho . . .

,
came to th e church i n August 1 8 7 1 and reti red i n August 1 8 7 7 H i s , , ,

.
successor was the Rev D r M c G Dana The present pastor is Rev . . . . .
Clement C Campbell a n d i t has 2 50 members

. .
The Park Congregational church at Holly avenue a n d M ac k u b i n , _
street was organized i n 1 88 3 and has had a si ngularly prosperous c a

,
reer It engages in many educational an d ph ilanthropic activities wh ich

.
,
enl ist the i nterest o f the people o f the progressive resi dence di stri ct i n
which it i s l ocate d The m embership is 300 and Rev P P Womer is . . . .
pasto r .
Other Congregational chur c hes are :

Atlanti c ; located on Bates avenue corner o f Conway Organized ,
.
February 6 1 8 8 3 M embership 2 30 ,
. .
Bethany ; corne r Wini fre d street and Stryke r avenue West St ,

.
Paul M embership 1 1 4
. .
Cyril chapel on west si de o f E rie near G race street Dedicated in

, , .
October 1 88 7 ,
.
Olivet ; Prior av enue corne r of Rondo street Organize d January .
Membership 3 5 .
.
Paci fic ; Acke r street between M ississipp i an d B u f falo streets O r , .
g a n i z e d i n 1 88 2 M embership 2 53 .
St Anthony Park ; Raymond near Wheele r street Organi zed July

.
, .
6 1 886
,
M embership I 50
. .
There a re also attached to thi s communion Bell C hapel D e s n o ye r

, ,
Park ; Forest Street ; Gladstone M i ssion ; St Pau l ; South Park ; Tatum .
and Unive rsity Avenue Congregational churches .
TH E PE OP L E S C H UR C H ’
The Peop le s Church independent bu t to som e extent a ffiliate d w ith , ,
the Congregational soc ieties occup ie s an unique and very use ful posi tion ,
amo n g the religious bodies o f the c ity Thi s church w as o rganize d Jan .
uary 1 1 888 ,
Th e accompli she d and able founde r Rev S amuel G
.
, . .
Sm ith D D fo rme rly o f the M ethodi st E p i scopal church has been its
, . .
, ,
pa stor from the fi rst and has p reached regularly to large an d attentive ,
audiences Services were hel d fo r some months i n the Grand Opera

.
H ouse 011 Wabasha street until its destructio n by fi re i n J anuary 1 889 , , .
Then they w ere conducte d i n the large tabernacle e recte d at a cost o f ,
by the congregation on the corne r o f Pleasant avenue and C hest ,
nut streets When thi s fine buil ding wa s destroyed by fi re i t was

.
,
p romptly rebuilt greatly enlarged an d taste fully decorate d D r Smi th

, . .
has a nati on —w i de reputation a s an o rato r clergyman sociologist and , ,
phi lan t hropi st He has had many call s to large r fi elds but remains true
.
,
to the ci ty an d hi s chu rch On Ma rch 7 1 9 1 2 the congregation cele .

, ,
’
b r a t e d D r Smi th s s ixtieth bi rth day w ith publ ic exe rci se s a n d a splendi d
.
reception ; among those w ho spoke i n grate ful recogniti on o f the pastor s ’
several religiou s and secular activ itie s were Gov A O E be rhart Mayo r . . .
,
Kelle r P re sident Cyrus No rthrop a n d Judge O Hallam

,
The con . .
g r e ga t i o n numbers Rev L L D Cu rti s i s assistant pastor . . . . .
B A PTIST O RG A N I Z ATIO N S
In the l ittle Jack so n Street schoolhouse Decembe r 30 1 840 wa s , , ,
o rgani zed the Fi rst Bapti st church o f S t Paul w ith twelve c o n .

,
s t i t u e n t members as follow s : R e v John P Pa rsons M rs M atilda Par . .

,
.
sons A H Cavender M rs E lvi ra Cavende r L yman Dayton Cha rles

,
. .
,
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, ,
S tearns M rs Corneli a Stearns M iss M a ry G Stearns John B Spence r

,
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,
.
, .
and M rs Nancy Spencer Thi s sala ry o f the pastor Rev J P Par

. .
, . . .
s ons was fi xed at $600 a y ea 1 o f w hich the church wa s to pay $ 1 00

,
'
and a mi ssi ona ry s o c i et v the 1 e 1n a i n d e r I n 1 8 5 1 a church bu ilding on .
Temperance stree t wa s fini shed I t co st a n d a heavy debt was .
le ft on i t .
The pastor Rev Parson s met a tragic death whil e in the east rai s . .
ing funds The second pastor o f the church w a s Rev T R Cressy who
. . . .
,
was accorded a salary o f $ 800 pe r annum one fourth o f which was to .

-
be pai d b v the church 1 1 hi ch had inc reased i n numbers to twenty —three

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,
Du ri ng h i s pastorate o f two years the membership o f the chu rch i n

c rea sed to si xt y s i x o f w hom he bapti zed Rev A M To 1 b 1 t became
. . . .
pastor i n 1 8 54 and w as succeeded by Rev John P Pope i n 1 8 57 I n

, . .
, .
1 86 3 the stone chapel on V a c o u ta street wa s buil t at a cost including -

,
’
the lot o f about . I t was opened for se rvi ce New Year s morn
ST PAU L AN D V I CI N I TY
. 53 9
i ng 1 8 6 3 M r Pope resigned i n 1 866 a n d was succeede d by Rev R A

,
. . . . .
Patterson who served unti l 1 8 70 ,

.
1 he year 1 8 75 was made memorable by the Comp leti on o f the elegant

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church structure st i l l i n use on the corner o f Wacouta and Ni nth streets

, , ,
at a cost o f To thi s should be added the cost of

the lot ; t h e contract pr ice o f the o rgan and $ 800 the cost o f the , ,
clock— the latter the gi f t o f H P Upham and L E Reed— making a . . . .
total o f I t is not too much to say that i n sol idity o f c o n

struction architectural e ff ect and adaptati on to use it was then u n
,
equalled by any other churc h edifice i n St Paul The p resent mem . .
b e r s h i p i s 670 and Rev Harol d Patti son i s pasto r . .
The Woodlan d Park Bap ti st church was organized in 1 883 and ,
erected a buildi ng at the corner o f Selby avenue an d Arunde l street ,
whic h i t occupied for about twenty years I t then removed to a larger .
structure at Laurel avenue and Victoria street which n o w accomm odates ,
a membership o f 300 Rev W A H ill i s pastor . . . . .
Other Bapti st churches are : B urr Street ; Fi rst Ge rman ; First

N orwegian ; Dani sh ; Fi rst Swe dish ; German o f West St Paul ; H e .
bron ; Immanuel ; P ilgrim ( colored with a membersh ip o f also

S econd Swedi sh .
TH E EPIS C OPA L IA N S
'
Chri st church St Paul is the mother parish o f the E piscopal ,

.
,
diocese o f M innesota I t was organize d i n the summer o f 1 8 50 by .
Revs J L Breck J V M errick and Ti mothy W ilcoxson who arrived

. . .
,
. .
,
i n the month o f June o f that year The cornerstone was lai d on Tues .
day September 5t h by the Rev E G Gear chaplain a t Fort S nelling

, , . . .
, ,
and the building which stood on the corner o f Cedar an d Fourth street , ,
was soon comp lete d being opened for se rvices on Sunday December , ,
8 1 8 50
,
Its cost was $ 1 2 75 I t was de dicate d July 2 0 1 8 5 1 by B ishop
.
, .
, ,
Jackson Kemper The second chu rch was e rected i n 1 8 7 1 but was
.
,
destroye d by fi re soon a fte r its completion The p resent church build .
ing at the Co rner o f Fourth and Frankli n street s was completed and -
,
opened fo r service i n November 1 8 72 I ts original cost was about ,

.
I t was enlarge d i n 1 889 The first re gu lar rector o f the par

ish was Rev J L loyd B reck who was chosen i n April 1 8 52 He was
. .
, ,
.
succeeded in a few months by Rev Timothy W ilcoxon and he i n 1 8 54 .

, , ,
by Rev D r J C Van Ingen In August 1 8 62 Rev D r S Y M c M as

. . . . .
, , . . . .
ters a di sting ui she d author and educator was c hosen recto r and served
, ,
fou rteen years H is s uccessor was Rev W P Ten B roeck who serve d
. . . .
,
unti l Octobe r 1 880 H is successor was Rev M ahlon N Gi lbert after

,
. . .
,
wards B ishop The present re ctor i s Rev Fred G Budlong an d there

‘
. . .
are 490 communicants .
S t Paul s E pi scopal church was organized i n December 1 8 56 The

.
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,
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first regular service was hel d i n the Washington schoolhouse on the fi rst
Sunday i n July 1 8 57 The sermon was p reache d by Right Rev A lonzo
’
,
. .
Potte r then b ishop o f Pennsylvani a On the 1 4 th o f July follow ing

, .
,
the cornerstone o f the church building at the corner o f Ni nth and Olive
streets was lai d by B ishop Kemper and the building was put i n condition
for wo rship on Chri stmas day o f the same year Th e n u m b e r o f com
'
m u n i c a nt s at that time was twenty six The spi re was e rected i n 1 860 .
,
an d the rectory i n 1 86 5 The original cost o f the chu rch buil ding was .
additi ons have since been made but the property has been ,
5 40 ST . PAU L A ND V I CI N I TY
recently sol d and a new churc h wil l be built on upper S ummit avenue .
” ’
The last servi ce in ol d Saint Paul s was held on J uly 2 8 1 9 1 2 The , .
fi rst recto r w a s R ev Andrew Bell Patterson who se rved with great .

,
fideli ty a n d e ffic iency fo r nineteen years and die d i n the ha r “
ness . D uring hi s rectorship he built the church per formed 4 1 0 bap ,
t i s m s p resented 1 7 8 persons for c o m fi r m a t i o n solemnized 1 4 6 marriages

, ,
and o f ficiated at 2 48 funerals D r Patte rson s succe ssor was Rev E S . .

’
. . .
Thomas who was i nstalled July 1 1 8 7 6 and f rom the rectorship o f th i s

, , ,
churc h was elected bi shop o f Kansas The p resent recto r i s Rev J ohn . .
Wright who has se rved he re w ith great e fficiency and zeal a quarter o f
,
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,
a century T he number o f communicants o f St Paul s i s 2 50 M en o f

. . .
histo ric importance i n the city a n d state have served as wardens and v e s
t r ym e n o f thi s church i ncluding H H S ibley G e n N J T D ana and ,
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, . . . .
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John L M err iam Harvey O f ficer G A Hamilton H M Smythe Henry

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. .
, . .
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Hale Channing Seabu ry and J \V Bass
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S t Paul s church has a .
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. . .
liberal endowment fund .
The notable E pi scopal Chu rch o f the Go od Shepherd was founded

i n 1 8 6 7 by Rev Wm C Pope under the encouragement o f Rev D r
. . .
,
. .
S Y M c M a s t e r s as a c ity mi ssion
. . The fi rst service was held i n
,
.
M a c k u b i n s block M ay 2 6 1 867 The pari sh chu rch 011 Twel fth street
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at the no rtheast corner o f Cedar was dedicated October 6 1 869 At , ,

.
p resent the C hu rch o f the Good Shepherd has about 2 75 communicants .
The recto r Rev \V i l l i am C Pope i s stil l i n active se rvice belove d by

,
. .
, ,
hi s pari sh ioners and held i n unive rsal esteem by the community for h i s
eminent achievements i n the cause o f m oral ity an d religion a n d fo r
hi s admi rable qualiti es as a Christian ci tizen .
T he Churc h o f St John the E vangel ist was organized as a m ission .

,
i n January 1 8 8 1 Services were first hel d i n the same month in the

.
Dayton Avenue Presbyterian church The chapel at the corner o f Ash .

,
land avenue and M ac k u b i n street was bui lt i n May 1 88 1 and th e pari sh , , ,
was organi z e d i n Ap ri l p reviously Rev H K i tt s o n was the first rector . . . .
The chu rch ed ifice has been several times rebuilt and enlarge d to meet
increasi ng demands I t i s now one o f the leadi ng city churches w ith a
.
,
membe rship o f ove r 800 .
Othe r E pi scopal churche s are : Chu rch o f the A scension ; Church o f

’
the Me ssiah Chu rch o f the E piphany ; Saint Clement s ; Saint Jame s
, ,
Saint M ary s ; o f M e rriam Park ; Saint Pete r s ; S ai nt S igfried s ( Swed

’ ’ ’
i sh ) and Sai nt Stephen s ’

.
L UT H E RA N C H UR C H E S or T H E C ITY
The Lutheran chu rches o f S t Paul are so numerous ; embrace so .
many national itie s ; have such a l arge aggregate constituency ; have gone
th rough so many interesting denomi national epi sode s a n d have co n ,
tributed so much to the mate rial ,moral and rel igiou s advancement o f ou r
people that a lar g e volume woul d be requ ired to adequa tely cover thei r
,
h i story We c an only give b rie f summarie s o f a few leading events

. .
Trini ty chu rch co rne r o f Wabasha and T ilto n streets i s the m other
, ,
o f all E vangelical L utheran churches i n St Paul Thi s church dates . .
f rom 1 8 55 when R e v F Wei r p reached a se ries o f sermons i n the cou rt

, . .
house to 1 8 57 when he was succeeded by Rev C F H y e r The latte r

, , . . . .
h el d service s i n a schoolhouse on Fort street in the German language H e .
al so preached o c c a s i o n al l v i n E ngl ish i n a schoolhou se 011 E ighth street ,

.
S T PAU L AND VI C I N ITY
. 541
The German members o f his congregation on January 1 1 8 58 organized , ,
themselves regularly into a c hurch which they called the E vangelic a l ,
L utheran Tri nity church or in Ge rman die Kirche der D r ei en i gh e i t , ,

.
, .
E vangeli sch Lutheri sch I n February 1 8 58 the site was purchased .

, ,
for $ 1 000 and the erectio n o f a church begun At fi rst only the base
, ,
.
ment was completed M r Hyer had been sent to St Paulyby a mis . . .
s i o n ar y society to establish a church and having accompl ished hi s mis ,
sion he was succeeded by Rev G F ac h t m a n n

,
The church building . . .
was complete d and dedicated Octobe r 1 8 1 8 63 I n October 1 8 67 M r ,

.
, , .
F ac ht m an n resigned and was succeeded by Rev J H Sei ker H e was . . . .
succeeded i n June 1 876 by Rev O Spehr an d he i n M arch 1 8 79 by

, , , . .
, , , ,
Rev M Ti r m en s t ei n I n 1 8 7 1 the congregation had become so large

. . .
that it was deeme d best to divide it T hi s was done and the organiza .
tion o f St John s c hur ch was e f fected The p resent membership o f

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Tri nity is a n d the pastor i s Rev A dolph C Haase . . .
The fi rst religious service s in the Swedish language i n St Paul .
were held March 2 5 1 8 54 at the h o u s e o f F M o b e c k near M otf et s , ,

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Castle The record states that on thi s occasion Joh n Swanson read
.
,
a sermon f rom a book ”

M eetings continue d to be hel d at M o b ec k s .
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unti l the arrival o f Rev E rland Carlson who May 6 1 8 54 organi zed .
, , , ,
the society At th is time the congregation numbered about th irty fiv e

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I n 1 8 55 M r M o b e c k m o ve d t o Chi sago county and Johann Johanson

, .
_ ,
became leade r o f the church Service s w ere he l d i n M artin N elson s .

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resi dence on Olmsted street I n 1 86 1 Rev E No r el i u s w as chosen pas . . .
tor but the members were too poor to pay hi s salary in a few months
, ,
he l e ft and J ohann J ohanson agai n became leader I n 1 86 7 the fi rst

, .
church buildi ng on the corner o f Stillwater and Woodward avenues was

, ,
buil t The p resent church on the site o f the former w as e rected in

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1 88 3 . I t i s o f brick 8 5 x 90 feet i n area and cost ,

T he church ,
now has over 1 200 members maintain s two missi ons and has a large ,
Sunday school The pasto r i s Rev Peter Peterson . . .
St Paul s E vangelical L utheran church the first Norwegian Luth eran

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church i n St Paul was i ncorporated December 2 0 1 8 69 w i th about

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, , ,
fi fty members The fi rst pastor was Rev 0 A Normann The first
. . . . .
l ocation o f the house o f worship was on M ount Ai ry street ; the p re s

ent i s on the co rner o f Canada and Thirteenth streets The church .
buil ding was erected i n 1 8 8 2 mainly th rough the earnest e f forts and ,
vigo rous exertions o f the pastor Rev W M H Peterson ,

. . . . .
There are in 1 9 1 2 a total o f thirty seven Lutheran churches i n St

, ,
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.
Pau l Services were conducted th erei n in the German S wedi sh Danish

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, , ,
N orwegian and E ngli sh languages respecti vely S everal o f them maintain ,

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parochi al school s and all o f them are doi ng a b e n efic e n t patriotic work ,
among the ch il dren o f foreign parentage whom they a re encouraging to

become up right and useful A meri can C itizens The Lutherans have more .
churches i n the city than any other denomi nation O nly the Catholic s .
excee d them in attendance

”
There are also five E vangelic al church organi zations in the city “
,
reachi ng the same national ities and pe r forming a good work among them .
S W E D E N BORGIA N U N ITARIA N A ND U N I V E RSA L I ST ,
T h ere are but two S wedenborgian churches in M innesota one i n ,
M inneapoli s an d the other in St Paul B oth were founded by Rev . . .

.
E dward C M itchell I n October 1 8 7 2 M r M itchell began holding

. .
, , .
evening b meetings he re and o n the fi rst o f June 1 8 7 3 he organize d a , , ,
c h u r c h w ith twenty o n e members Service s were hel d i n the Young .
’
M en s Chri stian Associ ation i o o m s o n Thi rd street i n the evening only .
I n the summer o f 1 8 7 6 the society re nted the ol d Fi rst M ethodi st church

o n M arket street an d there the sp i ritual structure o f the New ,J er u sa
lem was contained The walls we re n o t great nor high but the spi rit .
,
ual structure was strong i n the union o f such members as ex Governo r -
Wi ll iam H M arshall an d w i fe E dward H Cutler and w i fe John M

.
, .
, .
Gi lman and w i fe George T Woodward and wi fe D r H V o n Wedel , .

,
. .
s t ae d t and w i fe Captain Simons a n d M i ss V o n W a d e l s t a e d t, Work was .
begu n o n the new church corne r o f S elby and V i rginia avenues i n the , ,
sp ring o f 1 887 a n d the building was de dicate d Sunday N ovembe r 6 , , ,
1 8 87 I t i s a n attractive structure w ith its foundation o f cobble —stones

.
, ,
set i n cement Rev E dward C M itchell was pastor o f the church from. . . .
the fi rst until hi s lamented death D ecembe r 8 1 91 1 aged seventy —fiv e , ,
years T he membership i s o f a very strong characte r and composed o f

.
some o f the best i ntellects o f the city .
Unity chu rch rep resents the Unitarian denomination i n S t Paul . .
The first se rvice was hel d i n a hall o n Robert street i n Octobe r 1 8 58 by , ,
Rev F R N ewell A fter a year meetings we re di scontinued but r e

. . . .
, ,
v i v e d i n 1 86 5 to be soon merge d with the Universal i sts , I n 1 8 7 2 Unity .
C hurch began a separate a n d success ful career i n K n a u f t s Hall w ith ’
Rev J R E ffin g e r as pastor The fi rst trustee s were W L Ames

. . . . . .
,
Joseph S Sewall W H Kelley Daniel M c Ca i n e and E dward Sawyer ;

.
, . .
,
the secretary and treasu rer was H P Grant On March 1 0 1 87 3 the . . .

, ,
society was incorporate d under the state law s I n the fal l o f 1 8 7 5 it .

,
move d i nto the then unused Universali st church ; February 5 1 8 8 1 the , ,
a rticle s o f i ncorporation were rev ised a n d the same year the church ,
buil di ng on Wabasha street oppos ite Summit avenue was erected fully
, , ,
provi ded w i th club room s parlor addition etc wh ich the Unitarian , , .
,
theory o f a church home demands R ev J R Effin g e r the fi rst regu lar . . . .

,
pasto r resigned i n the sp ring o f 1 8 7 6 on account o f ill health Rev

, , . .
W J Parrott then p reache d for a few months I n M arch 1 8 7 7 Rev

. . .
, , .
W C Gannett took pastoral charge o f the society The present pasto r

. . .
i s Rev J D Rei d a n d the soci ety i s domiciled i n its new structure c o r

. . .
,
n e r o f Portland avenue a n d Grotto street Its membership i s 55 1 . .
St Paul s Universali st chu rch was forme d May 7 1 86 5 at I nger

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soll s hall The o fficers were Rus sel l Blakeley p resi dent ; Cha rles L eon
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,
ard treasu rer ; W H Grant secretary ; and the other incorporators were
. . . ,
J C Burbank W D VVa s hb u r n a n d G G Gri swol d Under the c o n

. .
,
. . . . .
s t i t u t i o n the society w a s to be known a s The Fi rst Universali st S ociety

” ” “
o f St Paul or as T he Church o f the M essiah
.
,
I n Ju ne 1 866 lots .
, ,
w ere pu rchase d for a church site on Wabasha street near the cap itol .
On Septembe r 1 9 1 86 7 the plan o f a church edi fice was adopted and , , ,
October 1 s t fo l lowing ground was broken for the e rection o f a bu ild ing , .
The bu il ding was so far completed i n January 1 8 69 that service s we 1 e , ,
hel d i n the basement The bu il di ng was f u l l v completed an d formally .
dedicated October 1 1 87 2 I n the spring o f 1 88 1 th e chu rch edi fice w a s , . .
sol d to the French Catholic s and was known as St L ou is chu rch Serv . .
’
i ces were then hel d i n the Peopl e s theate r and i n other hall s until the , .
fine new church corner Ashland avenue and M ac k u b i n street was built , , .
Rev T S R o b j en t i s the present pastor and the membership is 2 00

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. . .
544 S T PAU L A N D VI CI N ITY
.
Many o f the St Paul churche s support foreign a n d home mi ssions

. .
They have f rom time to time sent help to the native s o f many countries .
M i ssionaries f rom St Paul chu rches have gone into China India Japan
.
, ,
and countries o f South Ame rica and as far north a s Alaska For a time
.
most o f the home mi ssion work was le ft to the Salvati on Army but t e ,
c e n t l y the churche s have been tak ing up thi s work a n d now man y of
them maintain hom e mi ssions i n the p oor sections .
The Su nday school m ovement ha s been strong in St Paul fo r many

.
years N early al l o f the chu rches have large Sunday school classes the
.
,
largest being that o f the Fi rst B apti st church wh ich has a membership
,
o f over
St Paul has long been regarde d as the m ost important rel igious ce ntre
.
o f the N orthwest B esides being the headquarters o f three p owerful

.
chu rch organizations— the Roman Catholic the Methodi st a n d the E pi s

,
copal i t i s the home o f twenty one other denomination s a n d has chu rche s
,
-
rep resenti ng almost every known faith .
O f the 2 1 8 congregations the L utherans lead i n number having 3 7

,
chu rches ; the Catholics follow w ith 24 chu rches ; next come s the M eth
odi sts w ith 20 ; E pi scopalians w ith 1 7 ; the Presbyterian s w ith 1 7 ;
the Congregati onali sts with 1 6 ; the B aptists w ith 1 4 ; the Jews with 7 ;
the E vangel ical a ssociation w ith 5 ; the A dventi sts w ith 2 ; the Ch ris
tians with 2 ; the Spi ritual i sts with 2 ; the S alvation A r m v w ith 2 a n d ,
others w i th on e each .
CHA PT E R XLI X
TH E CHRI STI AN A S SO CIATI O N S
O RIGI NA L O RGA N I Z ATIO N OF TH E Y M C A C I V I L W A R A N D C ITY

M ISSIO NA RY W ORK — F IRST P ROPOS ED G R EAT B UI LD I N G—P L A N S AT
-
. . . .
LAST RE A L I Z ED — T H E LAT E J OH N B S L E M A N — Y O U NG W O M E N S .
’
C H RIST I A N A SSO C I A T I O N— N ATIO N AL C A M PAIG N FOR C I V I C B E TT E R

_
M E NT .
D D M errill bookseller publi sher publ ic—spi rite d citizen and active
. .
, , ,
religious worker i n S t Paul for forty y ears was the father o f the local .
,
Young M en s Chri stian A ssociati on E arly in July 1 8 56 a cal l drawn

’
.
, , ,
up and ci rculate d by M r Merrill was read i n the pulpits o f the various .

,
‘
churches in the city ; in r esponse to which a meeting o f those interested ,
in the fo rmation o f an associati on was held i n the First Presbyterian

church on the evening o f July 2 8 1 8 56 The meeti ng was presi ded over
. , .
by Rev M r R i h e l d a ff er and a fter an address explaining the obj ect and

. .
,
aims o f the meeting by Rev M r Torbit pastor o f t h e F i r s t Baptist . .

, _
“ ’
church a resolution that a Young Men s Associ ation be formed i n St
,
.
”
Paul was unanimously adopted and the assoc iation was formally o r ,
“ ”
ga n i z e d The obj ect o f thi s association sai d its original constitution
.
, ,
shall be the improvement o f the spi ritual mental and social condition ,
o f young men by such means as S hall be hereina fte r de signated o r

, ,
shall f rom time to time be adopte d by the association .
O RIGI N AL O RGA N I Z ATIO N OF T H E Y M C A . . . .
E ighteen pe rsons placed the ir names upon the rol l o f membe rs on its
fi rst call as foll ows : Rev J G R i h e l d a ff e r Rev A M Torbit L
, . . .
,
. . .
, .
M arvin W R B rown G A Co u pl i n A W Hall D D Merri ll L H

, . .
,
. .
,
. .
, . .
,
. .
Hunt G W Farrington J D Pollock T G M errill B K Field L B

,
. .
, . .
, . .
, . .
,
. .
Morrow L Kreiger J R Madison E G Barrows G C Cochran and

, .
,
. .
, . .
, . .
J W Taylor The follo wing 1 5 the roll o f the first o f fice rs o f the asso
. . .
c i at i o n : P resi dent D r J H Stewart ; v ice p resi dent M T K i n s i e :

, . .
,
. .
corresponding secretary John R M a di son treasure r G eorge Cochran , .

, , .
directo rs L B M orrow L Marvin W i l l i a rri H Wol f fe R Marvin Will

, . .
, .
, .
,
.
,
iam P B rown D D Merrill A L everin g L Kreiger A W Hall E

. . . .
, .
,
.
,
. .
,
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G Barrows S J R M c M i l l an and H Ru ssell The chu rches r ep r e

. ,
. . .
u . .
sente d in the formation o f the association were the Fi rst Bapti st the , ,
First the Central and the House o f H ope Presbyterian the M ethodi st
, , , ,
t h e German Methodist and the E pi scopal .
A fter the formative peri od O f the association which owing to t h e , ,
financial stringency o f 1 8 57 and later lasted for several years the , , ,
principal energie s o f the members were devoted to accumulating a li

S T PAU L AN D V I CI N I TY
.
bra t y by means o f course s o f lecture s e t c Thi s l ibrary a fterwa rds

, ,
.
me rge d into that o f the St Paul L ibrary Association as relate d i n another .

,
chapte r was the nucleu s o f the great public l ibra ry o f today

, .
C I V I L W A R A N D C ITY M I SSIO NARY W OR K
The period o f army w ork i n connecti on w ith the \Var for the Union ,
extende d from N ovembe r 1 863 to January 1 866 The war had been , , , .
i n p rogre ss fo r some time a n d the work o f the Christian Comm ission .
was being extende d and per fected whe n o n the 2 0t h o f N ovembe r 1 8 63 , , ,
the Y M C A rece ived f rom th e commission a n appeal for assi stance

. . . . .
At a meeting hel d the same evening the assoc iation constituted itsel f ,
“
The A rmy Commi ttee for the State o f M innesota o f the Unite d State s
”
Chri stian Commission thu s entering upon a work large enough to e n ,
gage fully the zea l and e nergy o f the most active enthusiastic Christian ,
laborers The sum total o f

. w a s expended i n thi s work du ring
thi s period which however doe s not include the large amount o f stores
, , , ,
books e tc sent here from the central o f fice o f the commi ssion for dis
,
.
, ,
t r i b u t i o n o n the f rontier a n d otherw i se The devotional meetings and .
B ible classe s o f the association were not neglected .
A city m i ssionary was employed in 1 8 68 a n d all branches o f the work ,
receive d new l i fe a n d stren gt h D uring the years o f 1 8 66 and 1 867 the .

,
w ork O f rel ie f was carrie d on by w a rd committees but i ts rapi dly i n ,
creasing proportions imperatively demande d more time and attenti on

than coul d be given by the bu siness men w ho largely comp ri se d them A t .
the request o f the association Rev E S Chase con sented to a ssume ,

. . .
thi s charge a n d per forme d the duties with fi del ity and acceptanc e unti l
,
calle d to anothe r fiel d o f l abor i n S eptembe r 1 869 On the I s t o f Janu ,

.
a ry 1 8 70 the service s o f E W Chase we re secu re d i n thi s fiel d For

, , . . .
more than th ree years a pleasant a n d wel l fu rni she d reading room c o n ,
si sting o f a small l ibrary and more than forty o f the be st pe ri odical s

had been kept open day and evening E W Chase was continued in
'
. . .
t h e service o f the association f rom 1 8 70 to M ay 1 8 76 a s sec retary , .
and city m i ssionary D uring these si x yea rs he rendered assi stance to .
thou sands both as to thei r temporal an d sp iritual necessities

,
.
Anothe r di sti nct pe riod which dates from June I 1 8 7 6 began wi th a , ,
reorgani zat ion o f thi s excellent institution and the appointing o f a gen
eral secretary A n e w constitution was adopted O C Houghton s u c
. . . .
c e e d e d M r Chase i n the w ork o f the association and labored the rein fo r

.
nearly two years as its general secretary In the spring o f 1 8 77 new . .
rooms were secu red in the Odd Fellows bu il ding corner Fi fth and W a ’ '
basha streets He re the reading room w as attractive being furnished

.
,
with chai rs pi ctu re s and suppl ied with plent y o f go od books pape rs
. .
and magazine s The l ectu re room w ell furni shed and l ighted was u sed
. . .
fo r hol ding the di ff erent meetings o f the associati on At the annual .
election o f o f fice rs i n M ay 1 8 77 M r Houghton wa s reelected general , . .
secretary Be si des maintaining fou r m i ssi on stations a B ible class was

. .
held at th e room s e v e r v Sabbath a fte rnoon for the stu d y o f the i nte r
national lesson having an ave rage attendance o f ove r f 01 t 1 members .
Soon a fte r the resignati on o f M r H oughton a call w a s extended to .
E A Hol dri dge o f N ew Y ork to se rve a s the general secreta ry o f the

. . .
associati on A f te r due del iberation he accepte d and entered upon the

.
dutie s o f th i s o ffice 1 11 June 1 8 78 w hich positi on he held v e r 1 acceptably . .

_
until Februar y 1 880 when h e tendered h i s resignati on In November

. ,
. .
548 ST PAU L A N D VI CI N ITY
.
for the nume rous benevol ent educational and evangel i stic function s o f
,
the local Young M en s Christian A ssoc iation and has been one o f the
’
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architectu ral attractions o f the ci ty S i x stories in height 200 feet long

.
,
and 90 feet w i de bui lt o f handsome brick and stone with fi r e p roo f

, ,
-
interior construction and w ith all necessary equipments an d c o n v e n

i e n c e s at a cost o f given by subscribe rs living i n the city .
Thi s building gave to St Paul for the fi rst time a prope r dom ici le for
.
, ,
one o f its cheri she d institutions I t i s concededly one o f the finest o f

.
the A ssociation homes w hic h the generou s rival ries between enterp ri sing
American citie s have c au sed to be e recte d w t h i n the past decade .
B ounti fu l in its p rovi si ons and recent i n its construction the mag ,
’
n i fic e n t new bui lding o f the Young M en s Chri stian Association l ike so ,
many othe r structure s in thi s expanding city al ready demands enlarge ,
ment The la st annual report o f the general secretary u rgently call s for
.
the addition o f two storie s Thi s w oul d p rovi de 1 50 more bedrooms and
.
NEW Y . M . C . A . B UI L DI NG
w oul d add f rom 400 to 500 membe rs annually to the association T he .
night school classes occupying o n e side o f the second fl oor woul d be

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, ,
moved to the basement n o w occup ied by the boys department an d the ’
latte r should be i n a buil ding o f its own The second floor space thu s .
vacate d could be thrown i nto one large recreati on department To a c .

“
compl i sh all th i s wil l requi re about said the sec retary The .
“
St Paul association woul d then o w n a n equipment costing

.
which w ould place it o n a p ar with other cities o f l ike size a n d import

ance .
With re ference to the current wo rk thi s report adds : In some r e

'
s p ec t s the last year has been the m ost sati s factory since the association
,
was reorgani zed at the time o f my coming thirteen years ago The ,
.
gymnasium swimming pool dormito rie s restau rant and the Tu rki sh baths
, , ,
have all en j oyed thei r largest patronage du ring thi s last yea r In the rel i .
g i o u s work department the S hop meetings and the B ible classes have
,
both i ncreased in numbers and e ffi ciency The total enrollment in the .
educational department sl ightly e xceeded last year although some o f the ,

ST PAU L AND VI CI N I TY
. 549
cl asses have not been so well attended O n account o f limited space the .
,
’
emphasi s i n our boys w ork thi s year has been successfully placed on i m
provi ng the e fficiency o f the department rather than upon i ncreasing its
numbers Our 1 3 8 dormitories have housed nearly 900 different men
. .
during the twelve months and a much larger number seeking our shel
, ,
”
ter c o ul d not be accommodated
, .
The O f ficers for 1 91 2 a r e zg A B D ri scol l presi dent ; G P Lyman . .

, . .
and F R B igelow vice presi dents ; W A Scott general secretary

. .
, . .
, .
There i s a large o f fice and buil ding sta f f w ith the general secretary as ,
the admini strative head .
Some comp rehension o f the p resent importance o f the St Paul Y .
M C A an d o f its numerous useful activities may be gained from the

. . .
’
following report o f a year s work :
The tot al membership

Number o f different men u sing gymnasiu m swim ,
mi ng pool and baths

Total attendance i n gy mnasium classes
Total attendance in gymnasium and baths
Total number taught to swim
Total medical an d physical examinations given
Total attendance at sw imming pool
Total attendance at S hower baths
The average number o f baths per w eek
Subj ects taught i n night school .
Attendance i n night school ( di ff erent men ) .
D aily attendance i n reading room

Tota l attendance at rel igious meetings i n the buil d
ings
Total attendance at rel igious meetings outsi de o f .
bui ldi ngs

D i ff erent men livi ng i n 1 3 8 bed rooms
Total social events given . .
Young m en di recte d to boarding houses .
Thousands o f young men were counseled with and advised by the sec
r et a r i e s and several hundreds were helped to secure situations To the
, .
Summe r Camp on L ake St Croi x boys go i n relays o f thirty si x each for

.
,
-
, ,
two weeks Here they c an fi sh sw im row roam the w oods etc all u n
.
, , , , .
,
der upbuilding influences at a nominal expense The Association never

,
.
’
p roselytes ; every member s personal religious belie f i s re spected .
TH E LAT E J OH N B S L E MA N .
Few p ersons outside the ci rcl e o f those active i n association work -
fully appr eciate the rapi dity w ith which its usefulness is expanding I n .
the death o f John B Sleman J r of Washington D C in July 1 91 1

.
, .
, , . .
, , ,
the Christian forces o f the country lost a leader o f great value In the .
p rime o f l i fe and devote d f rom hi s youth to good works hi s early death ,
seems to have been the result o f hi s consuming zeal an d constant labor ,
even to the extent o f exhau stion for hi s fellow men A memorial ser ,
-
.
vice i n hi s honor at the national capital was attended and a ddres s ed by

-
men o f the hi ghest rank i n the country s service— an unprecedented di s ’

550 S T PAU L A N D V I CI N I TY
.
ti nction for a young man o f thi rty si x who had never hel d a c ivi c o r -
m ilitary o ffice .
B orn i n Washin gt on i n 1 8 7 4 M r Sleman entere d the service o f the ,

.
Union Savings Bank there when it opene d its doors in 1 89 1 and was ,
thereafter continuously a n o f fice r o r d irecto r i n that i nstitution I n 1 8 98 .
he became general sec retary o f the Washington Y M C A and i n . . . .

,
e ighte e n months raised its membership f rom 1 64 to nearly giving

it an impetus that i s sti ll carrying it fo rwa rd L ate r he was for seve ral .
years a membe r o f the Wash ingt on Y M C A board o f managers the . . . .

,
organi ze r o f its club fo r f oreign extension work a v ice p resident o f the ,
N ational Y M C A and chai rman o f its boys department I n the c ivic

. . . .
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l i fe o f Washi n gton he took an eager a n d active part .
M ost far reachi ng o f all his enthusia sms was hi s v ision o f a L ay

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men s Mi ssi onary m ovement I t was hi s i dea that this movement woul d .
help to neutrali ze the in fluence o f ou r s o —called weste rn c ivil ization upon

the non Ch ristian wo rld Unless thi s i s done the m e n that are going to
-
.
the non Ch ri stia n wo rl d i n di plomatic commercial i ndustrial and social

-
, ,
engagements will undo with o n e hand what the m iss ionarie s w ith devo ,
tion a n d sacri fice are trying to do w ith the othe r hand In other wo rds
, .
,
we have been sendi ng out two great streams o f i n flu e n c e — o ne has largely

bee n due to u m Chri stian impact the othe r by purely Christian impact
'
-
, .
T hese must no longe r fight against each othe r L aymen are sp reading .
the former ove r the wo rld ; they only c a n carry the Christian impact .
_
H e was in thi s the originato r o f a n i dea that has i n the past fou r
, , ,
years p ro foundly i nfluenced the sp i ritual li fe o f the w hole c ountry a n d

,
gro ws with each season i n i ts b en e fic i e n c e The Student Volunteers .
were i n convention at Nashville i n 1 906 w hen M r Sleman speaki ng as , .

,
a bu siness man p resented hi s vi sion o f the appl ication o f bu si ne ss methods

,
to the spread o f the Christian faith i n foreign lands A few months .
l ate r the centenary cel ebration i n N ew York o f the Haystack meeting

'
out o f which grew the American Board gave occasion fo r the fo rmal ,
’
adoption o f M r S l em a n s plan and the o rgani zation o f the L a ym en s
.
’
movement That movement has outgro wn the need o f a n y i ndivi dual

.
,
but i t w ill never fo rget to hono r the m emory o f John B Sleman . .
’
The Young Women s Christian Association o f which the S t Paul ,
branch i s only f ou r years ol d has shown great capacity f or growth and ,
enthusi asm A fter a whi rlw ind campaign i t rai sed a buil ding fund and
.
,
p roceeded to the erection o f a splendi d home on the site generously don

,
ated by D S B Johnston l ocated o n Fi fth street opposite the A u d i to

. . .
,
r i u m — a bu ildi ng which rank s among the important structu res o f the

’
c i t v and amo ng the best o f thi s a s s o c a t i o n s homes i n a n y c ity .
Y OU N G \V O M E N
’
S C H RISTIA N A SSO C IATIO N
The Young Women s Chri stian Association o f St Paul i s part o f a ’

.
wo rl d w i de o rgani zation having fo r its obj ect the fou rfol d development
-
o f y oung women The motto o f the national o rgani zation is : .I am

come that they might have l i fe and that they might have i t mo re a b u n d
a n tl y It i s thi s abundant l i fe physical mental social and above all
.
, , , , , ,
spi ritual wh ich the association seeks to b ring to each o n e o f its mem
,
bers To thi s end i t makes u se o f eve ry poi nt o f contact and seeks to

.
supply so far as possibl e every legitimate need o f the young women who
come within the c i rcle o f its influence The associati on i s unde r the .
management o f a board o f di recto rs consi sting o f twenty one women -

.
5 52 S T PAU L A N D V I C I N I TY
.
v en i en c e ,
i ncluding an open court i s anticipate d The j uvenile depart , .
ment include s the large assembly room class rooms and the ki tchenette , .
On the east end o f the basement i s the employment o ff i ce i n charge ,
o f an employment secretary Ample space i s p rovi de d here for girl s

.
seeking positions both i n busi ne ss houses an d i n p rivate famil ies The

, .
laundry also i s si tuated i n the basement Thi s i s a large room equ ippe d .
with all o f the latest appliances f or modern laundering I n the rear o f .
the basement di rectly under the gymnasium are the showe r baths locke rs ,
and dressing rooms o f those usi ng the gym above The arrangements .
fo r these acce ssories fo r physical culture are unsu rpassed in the country
i n a bui ldi ng o f i ts kind The baths a re reache d by a spi ral stai rcase
.
leadi ng to the gymnasium on the main floor .
As one enters the bu ilding f rom Fi fth street the suite o f three o f fices
for the u se o f the gene ral sec retary the financial secretary and board o f ,
d irectors are to the right ; to the le ft are the publi c parlors These par .
l ors show the taste and thought o f those i n charge o f the arrangements .
The re are f our rooms w here the young w omen w i shing to entertai n c o m
pany may d o so w ith al l the privacy o f the modern home The furniture .
i s o f the best mahogany w ith tapestrie s and rugs to match

, .
Passi ng through the lobby one comes to the gymnasium on the le ft

an d the auditorium on the right I t i s sai d that n o department i s more
.
“
popular than the gy m Thi s i s a feature o f the plan o f the building
.
upon which much thought was given fo r it i s conce ded that many weary ,
gi rls are allowed the true rel axation which thei r bodily health requi res ,
unde r no othe r conditions : E very pi ece o f apparatus nece ssary fo r e x e r

ci se f rom the flying rings to I ndi an clubs i s among the equipment A d
, ,
.
’
j oining this and separated b y a glass partition i s the physical directo r s
o fli c e Al so openi ng f rom the gymnasi um i s a rest room e specially fo r
.
the use o f the department Going across the hal l one fi nds the entrance
.
to the audi torium known as the association hall which has a seating
, ,
capac it y o f five hu ndred Thi s hall i s fi ni shed i n wh ite and i s one o f the
.
finest i n the country All o f the ente rtainments will be hel d i n this hall
.
'
,
and the recessed po r c h es n ea r the entrance may be u sed fo r outside tea

partie s during the summer months .
On the second fl oor i s the l ibrary clubroom another parlor and the , ,
chapel The last i s indeed a place for spi ritual rest w ith its dim lights
.
,
su rrounded by sub dued col oring o f the wall s and situate d i n the heart o f
the bu il di ng Opening from t h e lobby o f the second fl oor i s the logia or
.
p orch w hich i s entere d th rough the high French w indow s giving the
, ,
entire arrangement an ai r o f completion The l ibrary i s delight fully .
arranged fo r quiet readi ng .
On the th i rd fl oor the f ront o f the buil ding i s used mostly for the
class room s These room s are arranged for the re gular classes in ele
.
mentary subj ects art and general i nstructi on Anothe r room i s devoted
,
.
to m ission study All o f the class ro om s are arranged with the simplicity
.
characteri stic o f the entire bu il ding O n thi s fl oo r i n the rear o f the .
buil di ng i s the entrance to the H annah Stanton Johnson boarding home .
Thi s home i s i n charge o f the hou se secretary I t covers th ree floors .

,
” “
a n d each o f the fi f ty seven room s i s a n outside room fu rni shing plenty
-
o f natu ral light a n d ai r M ost o f the room s are arranged for a singl e
.
occupant and are taste fully furni shed An impo rtant featu re o f the home .
i s the dorm itory w hich contai ns nine cots w here young women forced
, ,
to econ omi ze may be accommodated .
The fourth fl oor o f the bu ildi ng p rope r includes the domestic science
S T PAUL AN D VI CI N I TY
.
553
department I n thi s department the l arge class room i s equippe d with

.
indivi dual gas p lates and cooking utensi ls for the use o f the class A d .
j oining this i s the small model kitchen equipped w ith the gas range , ,
kitchen cabi net and re frigerator ; next t o this I S the model pantry and the ,
last room o f the su ite i s the model dining room E ach member o f the class .
r eceives i nstruction beginn i ng w ith cooking on the gas plate and ending
“ ”
w ith how to se rve and set a table On the oppo site si de o f the hall
.
f rom the dome stic science department i s the dressmaking depar t ment ,
also a large ai ry room and at the east end o f the c orridor 1 3 the milline ry
,
class room The as sociation o ff ers a variety o f educational classes for

.
foreign speak ing young women for young women whose early o ppo r ,
t u n i t i e s in the common b ranches have been limited and for those who ,
w ish to take cultural studies Provi sion will also be made for those who
.
w i sh to equip themselve s for better p ositions in the business wo rl d Valu .
abl e training for the eye an d the han d may be obtai ned i n the various
i ndustrial classes There i s scarcely any limit to the possibil ities o f t he
.
department as classes wi ll be formed i n any subj ect for which the re i s

,
su ffi cient demand .
The ca feteria on the fi fth floor i s located i n the choicest portion o f

t h e buil ding I n this dini ng room 1 50 people c an be com fortably seated
. .
I t has large wi ndows on each si de a ff ording plenty o f l ight and an excel,
l ent v iew o f the rive r blu ff s on the eas t and the hill district on the w est .
I t i s re ached by mean s o f an elevato r an d the kitchen i s a model o f ,
equ ipment w ith its electric b read m ixers and other arrangements Every
,
.
”
thing se rve d i s homemade and the opportunity o ff ere d the gi rls to
“
,
secure home cooking as well as neatly served food i s highly apprec iated
, , .
Back o f the large di ning room i s a small private dining room i n w hi ch a

girl may ent ertain a small party at dinner and have everything p rovi ded
as com fortably as i n he r own home The china i s o f the best and nothing .
has been l e ft unprovi de d for the com fort and well being o f the gi rls .
Perhap s no building has p rovided more extensively fo r pure l y social

li fe The association has real ized keenly f rom the very beginning t h e
.
social need among hundred s o f young wome n who have come to St Pau l
- .
.
as utte r strangers and who h ave no place many o f them to entertain

, , ,
friends o utside o f a small bedroom The bui l di ng i s admi rably arranged .
for every phase o f socia l li fe and for al l its other u se fu l purposes We

,
.
have been thus specific i n describi ng its f eature s because its transcendent
importance in the socia l and religious development o f the city entitle s i t
to permanent record as a long step forward in our municipal hi story .
The fundamental purpose o f the associ ati on i s spi ritual and trans
fo r mation o f characte r I S the ultimate aim o f eve r y department One o f .
the di stinctly rel igious featu r es i n the past h as been the vespe r serv ice
hel d each Sunday afternoon when practical messages he l p ful i n eve r y
, ,
day C h ri stian l i fe have bee n p resente d A committee o f young wome n

,
.
have vi site d the Union depot each Sunday t o invite travelers to these
meetings and many wo rds o f appreciatio n have been exp ressed by
strangers The Thursday noon m eeti ng w h ich has been held each week
.
,
in the l iving room has been an encouragi ng feature o f the work Prae
,
.
tical tal ks not always along strictly rel igiou s lines but always striking
,
the spi ri tual note hav e proven most help ful The chapel on the second
,
.
floo r has been fitte d in ec c l es t i a s ti c al styl e an d w ill be devoted exclu sively

to meetings o f thi s kind Fou r classes in B ible study a rranged to form
.
,
’
a fou r years cou rse have been hel d at the same hour immediately follow
'
,
i ng a class supper .
554 S T PAUL AN D V I CI N I TY
.
The Boati ng Tenni s Ridi ng P h i l o t h ea n Geneva and South Ame ri

, , , ,
can clubs w hich have been so successful ly carrie d o n i n the past w i ll

, ,
be continued and doubtless many other clubs w ill be f ormed as the

, ,
membe rship i ncreases Fo r the past year the association has had the
.
services o f a T ravelers aid secretary at the U nio n depot She has been
’
.
able to give valuable assi stance to hundreds o f wome n an d girls Women .
traveling w ith ch ildren have been assi sted ; gi rl s have been met at the
train i n many instance s gua rded from evil agencies ; temporary and
pe rmanent boarding places hav e been secured through the i nstrumental ity
o f th i s department An employment agency a boarding house di rectory
.
, ,
an in fo rmation bureau an d othe r use ful adj uncts a re mai ntai ne d I n a ,

.
wo rd the sphere o f activities i s almost unlimi ted The we st E nd branch

, .
has been o rganize d for the colo red women and gi rl s o f St Paul The . .
branc h has enrol led more than o n e hundred members an d the p rivi leges ,
o ff e re d have bee n much appreciate d Rooms on Unive rsi ty avenue have .
bee n occupied during the last two years A hou se at 633 Central avenue .
has been secured fo r the work Classes have been hel d i n B ible mi ssi on
.
,
study cooking sew ing m ill inery physical training and mu sic and have
, , , , ,
bee n taught by the secretaries O f the Central A ssociation .
’
The foll owing a re the of ficers o f th e Young Women s Chri stian Asso
c i a t i o n o f S t Paul :.Presi de nt M rs Charle s P N oye s ; first vice p resi
,
. .
dent M rs C M Po wer ; second v ice p resident M rs Ben j amin L ongley ;

, . . .
,
.
treasur er M rs C E Riggs ; recording secretary M rs Jo seph Stronge ;

,
. . .
, .
gene ral sec retary M i ss L i llian Truesdell ; assoc iate secretary M iss Ge r
, ,
tru de S l y ; financial secretary M iss Gertrude I W illiams ; rel igious work

,
.
di recto r Mi ss Ruth E M c Co m b ; house secretary M rs All ie H Fitz

,
.
, . . .
N ATIO NA L C A M PAIG N FOR C I V I C B ETT E R M E NT

’ ’
T he functions o f the Young M en s and the Young Women s Chri s
tian associati ons i n the new an d important nation w ide campaign fo r
'
” “
civi c betterment are better app reciated eve r y y ea r I n hi s Hol y War
,
.
Bunyan likens the soul o f man to a c i ty w hich he call s M an s o u l the “

,
gate s to w hi ch are the five senses— E a r gat e No s e ga t e M o u th gat e etc , , ,

.
I n the siege o f thi s ci ty the e f forts o f attackers and de fenders ali ke are
concentrate d upon these gate s an d it i s th rough failure to guard them ,
a l l p r o p e r l y that the besiege rs w in entrance coming a s i nsi diou sly as the

'
titled foreig n degenerate who lays hi s rank hi s heart an d hi s contagi ons ,
at the feet o f the American d o w e r e t t e What Bunyan saw so clearly .
more than tw o centuries ago i n regard to the danger poi nts i n the de fense s -
o f a man s soul ou r munic ipal state and national governments are j u st

’
, ,
’
beginning to real ize i n regard to man s body which i f neglected b
imperil s , , ,
h i s soul H ence the belated e ff orts to p rotect No s ega t e M o u tli gat e and
. ,
‘
t h e others f rom the attack s o f the enemies o f li fe health a n d happiness ,

.
I t wa s Ey ega t e that fi rst attracte d attention Some one made the di s .
c o v e r y that people o f taste and refinement d id not l ive by choice i n cities

that we re ugly an d unattractive and the city beauti ful campaign was ,
launched .Later the war fare agai n st the assai lants o f No s ega t e a n d
M o u th g at e w as taken up by comme rc ial bodies w omen 3 clubs and other
’
organi zed in strumental iti e s fo r concentrating a rou sed publi c op inion .
But none o f these instrumental iti es has been more e f fective i n conducti ng
‘
a well r ounded p ropaganda o f pol icie s an d p r inci pl es that lead to a

gene ral and permanent upli ft o f th e commun i ty than the two p raise
worthy instituti on s wh ic h are de scribed in thi s C hapter .
.
P Van C leve Col Ro ss Wilkinso n Li eut Col H enry C Roge rs Maj

.
,
.
, . . .
,
.
John M oulton M aj H ening v o n Mi nden M aj J ohn P Owens Capt ,

.
, . .
,
.
E Y S helley C apt M i les H olli ster Capt E mil M unch A P Connolly

. .
, .
, .
, . .
,
Su rgeon Jacob H Stewart B rewer M attoc ks Sergt E dward R ichard s .

, , .
and M R M erri ll . . .
The following o fficers we re electe d : Grand commande r Gen John ,

.
B Sanborn ; adj utant gene ral C apt E Y S helley ; assi stant adj utant
.
,
. . .
gene ral L ieut A P Connol ly,

. . . .
A C K E R P OST
Thi s organization fl ouri she d vigorously fo r a time but owing to the ,
absence o f Ge neral Sanborn f rom the state for a consi derable perio d ,
fell i nto a comatose c ondition and many of the po sts di sbanded i nclu d ,
i ng that at S t Paul I t was not unti l April 1 87 0 that on the i nitiative

. .
, , ,
o f H enry A Castle and H i ram A Kimball measure s were taken w hich

. .
,
re sulte d in Acker Post w hich i s stil l full o f li fe and vigor a fte r a c o n ,
t i n u o u s exi stence o f ove r fo rty two years -

.
Pu rsuant to i nvitati on the re assemble d on the evening o f April 8 ,
1 8 70 at the law o f fice o f Kimball

,
Davi dson twenty ex Union sol d iers ,
-
who had agree d to become members o f the p roposed post Fi fteen othe r .
eligibles w ho we re unable for vari ou s reasons to attend the fi rst meeting

, ,
was subsequently muste re d i n an d became charte r members The orig .
“
inal muste r i n was conducted under orde rs f rom department head
quarters by Com rade H G H icks o f M inneapoli s a past department . .
,
commander .
The f ol lowing a re the name s o f the charte r members o f Acke r Post °
Henry A C astl e H i ram A Ki mball M ark D Fl ow er T S White A

.
, .
, .
, . .
,
.
R M c Gi l l W H D ixon J San ford D ixon Jame s H Davi d son Wil

.
,
. .
, .
, .
,
l iam Penne r E H Judson D Kenne dy J P Leitner Henry T Johns, . .

, .
,
. .
,
.
,
Homer C E lle r J B Chaney George T B rown ing Wi ll iam H B rown

.
,
. . . .
, .
,
John Smith , J A Roby E H Woo d D r J H Murphy B B rack J . .

, . .
, . . .
, .
, .
C Becht F G B row n George M B rack H W Busse J B Ashe l

.
, . .
, .
, . .
,
. .
man A P C onnolly Jame s H D onal dson R A L anphe r W S Peck

,
. .
,
.
, . .
,
. .
,
O W Sears D r J H Stewart John Way and Wil ford C Wil son

. .
, . . .
, . .
O f these charte r members onl y the following are known to be sti l l

“
living : D avi dson C astle Connolly Lanpher B B rack and Way , , , . . .
The organization o f the post was pe r fected by the election o f Henry

A Castle post co mmande r ; H i ram A Kimball S V C ; T S Wh ite
.
,
.
, . . . . .
,
J V C ; A R M c G i l l quartermaste r ; M D Flower adj utant ; J H

. . . . .
, . .
, . .
Mu rp hy su rgeon ; W H D i xon o ff ice r o f the day ; J P Leitne r o ffi

, . .
,
. .
,
c e r o f the guard .
At the second meeting i t was unanimou sl y dec i ded to adopt the name
o f Acke r Po st i n ho nor o f th e memory o f Capta i n W H Acke r o rig . . .
i n a l l y o f th e Fi rst M innesota Volunteers and later o f t h e Si xteenth United

State s I n fantry an hono red young sold ie r f rom St Paul w ho was . .
,
killed i n the battle o f Sh i l oh i n April 1 862 , . .
The post thu s launched on i ts exi stence devote d its fi rst energies to
t he celebrati on o f Memo ria l Day on the thi rtieth o f M ay following .
Th i s was done w ith a zeal and enthusiasm that commande d the univer
sal approval o f the community an d b rought about one o f the la rge st ,
demon strations that had u p to that tim e eve r taken place i n St Paul . .
. .
The parad e was most bri lliant embracing man y mi li tary and civic s o ,
c i eti e s the fi re department etc Gen H H Sibley was chie f m arsha l

, , . . . .
ST . P AU L AN D VI CI N I TY 557
and t he divisi on commanders were Generals Willi s A Gorman and John .
T Averill Col C S U l i n e and M aj or J H Donaldson At Oakland

.
, . . . . . .
Cemetery the post c ommander p reside d and addr e sses were delivered
by the post commande r an d by C01 E A C alkins Capt Cushman K . . .
, . .
D avi s and E x Gov Will iam R M arshall

-
. Services were also held i n
. .
the Lutheran and Catholic cemeteri es Those at the latter were in charge .
o f Comrade Rev John I reland who f rom the begi nning mani fested deep
.
,
.
i nterest in the wel fare o f Acker Post and in the conduct o f all i ts patriotic
O bservances H e a fte rwards became a member o f the post
. .
From this time on fo r seven or e ight years Acke r Post maintained

, ,
a vigorous and success ful exi stence I t was the only Grand Army .
SO LD I E RS M ON U M E NT
o rganization in St Paul grew to a membership o f perhaps two hun

.
,
dred comrades embrac ing many o f the leading men i n the city and it
,
engaged i n numerous enterpri ses for the public good .
Rememberi ng its cardinal p rinciples— f raternity charity l oyalty , ,
it embraced all these w ithi n the sphere o f its act i vities A large maj ority .
o f i ts m embership consi sted o f soldiers who had served f rom other

states and were now resi dents o f Mi nnesota These i t merged i nto a .
homogene ous body creating ties o f f riendship and business i nterest wh ich
,
lasted through li fe .
By various public entertai nments i ncluding the success ful presenta

,
tion o f fou r highly i nte resting and instructive mil itary dramas the post ,
rai sed a substantial relie f fund aggregating more than ,

which was
care fully di sbursed by its com m ittees for the rel ie f o f strand ed e x sol -
5 58 S T PAU L AND V I CI N I TY
.
die rs passi ng through the city and o f the w i dow s and o rphans o f those ,
w ho had f allen durin g the war o r w ho had die d thereafte r I t i s a , .
si gni fi cant fact an d one h igh l y creditable to the energy and i ndustry
,
o f the members o f the post that for at least seve n years not a single ,
application for relie f came from any o f the members ; all the di sburse
ments were made fo r the benefit o f those outsi de o f the organization .
All the post comrades were at least sel f supporting , ,

-
.
About three years a fte r the post was formed occurre d the grass ,
hopper vi sitati on o n the M innesota f ronti er which had been l argel y

settle d by di scharge d soldiers Great destitution prevaile d among these .
com rades and the energies o f Acker Post w ere taxe d to the utmost
du ring the fol low ing w inter seasons i n gathe ring and forwa rding sup
pl ies O f clothing etc which enabl ed these a fflicte d homesteade rs to r e
,
.
,
ta i n thei r claims and carried them through to the pe riod o f p rosperi ty

, ,
which therea fter came to them .
Duri ng thi s pe riod also th e post was extremely active i n o rganizing

,
and assi st i ng the M inne sota State S oldie rs O rphan s H ome at Wi nona ’ ’
, ,
advancing con si derable sum s o f money for i ts support i n emergencie s an d

help ing in every way to p ro m ote thi s nobl e charity which during a period ,
o f twelve yea rs fu rni she d support and education for about three hundred
,
orphane d c h i d r e n o f men who had give n thei r l ive s to thei r country dur ,
i n g the War o f the Rebellion
On February 20 1 8 7 3 Acker Post was duly i ncorporate d under the

, ,
statutes o f the State o f M i nneso ta and thus beca me a legal body qual ified
to m ake contract s hold prope rty and pe r form other corporate functions
,
.
From 1 8 78 to 1 88 1 a period ensued during which the p ost lapse d into a

,
.
comatose condition owing partly to the fact that its p rincipal obj ect seeme d
,
to have been largely attained and partly to the intense p reoccupation i n

thei r p rivate a f fai rs o f several o f those who had given much time to build
ing up an d maintaining its interest The ol d name and numbe r were r e .
t a i n e d h owever occasional meetings We re hel d and the pe i cap ita tax was
, , ,
regularly pai d by the p os t to department headq uarters When the period .
o f re surrecti on came a new charte r was accepted u nde r p rotest but the
, ,
po st always insi ste d that its exi stence had been continuous and that c o n
, ,
tention was o fficially ratifie d by the acknowledgement o f its past comman d

e rs by the department authorities and its full recognition as an exi sting ,
bo dy f rom the date o f its original charte r .
A fte r 1 88 1 the growth and p rospe rity o f the post we re continuous for
more than twenty years unti l l ike other organizations o f vete rans it
, ,
reached a high ti de i n its membership a fte r the beginning o f the twentieth

century B ut at no time has i t mai ntai ne d a highe r position o r made a
.
more honorable record than du ring the fi rst si x or seven years o f its ex
i s t e n c e whe n i ts work as a somewhat di rect result o f the recent war was
, , ,
more spectacular than at a late r date Du ring the enti re forty two years .
-
Acke r Post has 011 each successive M emo rial Day conducted e ither alone
, , ,
o r i n cooperation w ith si ster p osts the tender O b s e i v a n c e o f s t i e w i n g the ,
graves o f departe d comrade s with the fl owers o f springt ime i n memory

o f the i r heroi c services N early o n e thousand graves o f ex s o l d i e 1 s i n
.
-
ou r di f fe rent cemeterie s are thu s honore d every year As a post it has al so .
conducted o r parti cipated i n many celebrations o f I ndependence Day and

othe r national hol idays I t h as moreove r borne a part in i n n u m e 1 a b l e civic
.
o b s e i v an c e s o f intere st to the c ity thus testi fyi ng to its publ ic s p i 1 i t an d ,
devotion to the common w eal .

.
Mahan J L B righam Frank D Garrity E S Chittenden John W

, . .
,
. .
, .
C ram sie James H D avi dson and W W Hall

, . . . .
The total numbe r o f names enrolle d on the book s o f Acker Post is

about si x hundre d The se names rep resent honorably di scharge d ex .
soldi ers from every loyal state and f rom every branch o f m il itary serv
i c e—cavalry in fantry and artillery ; regulars and volunteers ; w hite and
, ,
colored ; ol d and young JVIe n o f all ranks f rom private to maj or gen .
,
e ral have signe d thi s roll and i n the broad democracy o f thei r comrade
,
ship all stoo d o n a p lane o f absolute equal ity But as the best soldi er .
,
i n the army was always p roudest o f hi s commanders so the ave rage ,
membership o f Acke r Post rej oices in the fact that on that rol l are foun d
i nscribe d the signatu re s o f o f ficers who hel d high positions i n the war
time an d o f ex sol diers who have been recognized by thei r fellow citizens
- -
i n al l avenues o f publ ic activity as worthy to be truste d w ith the honors ,
an d respon sibili tie s o f publ ic o ffice .
D I STI N GUIS H E D M E M B E RS
Collecting from th i s roll some conspicuous examples o f those who

have been thus p romote d o r have been di stingu i she d during thei r m ili
tary an d civil caree rs a n d i n pro fessi onal or bu siness l i fe since the close , ,
o f the war the followi ng i llu strations o f the p rincipl e re ferred to are
,
subm itted :
Governors o f M inne sota : S ibley M arshall D avi s H ubbard and , , ,
M c Gi l l .
Unite d State s Senator : C K Davi s . . .
Re p resentatives i n congress : John T Ave rill J H Stewart a n d .

,
. .
A R Kie fer
. . .
M ayo rs o f St Paul : A R Kie fe r and F B D o r a n . . . . .

i
.
S heri ff s o f Ram sey county : J C Becht and Charle s C hapel . . .
Postmasters o f St Paul : J H Stewart H A Castle A R M c G i ll . . .

,
. .
,
. .
an d M D Flowe r
. . .
Hol ding othe r p rominent o f ficial p ositi ons under th e state and na
t i o n a l governments R N M c L a r e n W H H Taylor W W B raden . . .
, . . .
, . .
,
B W Brunson J P M c I l r a th Charl es Kittel son J J M c Ca r d y Charl es

. .
,
. .
, ,
. .
,
D Ke rr N orman Pe rkins Jame s H Donald son E D L ibby Jame s H

.
, ,
.
, . .
, .
Bak er and J C D o n a h o w e r . . .
Colonel s o f M i nnesota regiments : J W B i shop C C Andrews . .

, . .
John B Sanborn L F H ubbard Jame s H Baker R N M c L a r e n and

.
,
. .
, .
, . .
John T Averill . .
O fficers o f the Regular A rmy : Gen E C M ason Gen M R M or . . .

,
. . .
gan Gen R W Johnson Col C H A lden Col H R T ilton Maj

,
. . . , . . .
, . . .
,
.
John Kell ihe r M aj George Q White M aj W R B ourne Maj F D

,
.
,
. . .
,
. . .
Garrity and Capt Jo sias R King . . .
Prominent i n the pro fessi onal l i fe o f the c ity Mo st Rev J ohn . .
I reland archbi shop o f St Paul ; Rev D r S Y M c M a s t e r s Revs C C

,
. . . . .
, . . .
Gri swold E J Funk Will iam M c K i n l ey Clay

. .
y M acauley and S idneyy ,
Smith ; D octors D W H and J H Mu rphy S D Flagg C C H i gb e e . . , . .

, . .
, . .
,
P F D illon D R G reenlee Park s Ritchie W R icheson and D K

. .
,
. . . , . . .
Cal dwell ; Attorneys H A Kimball C K Davi s Warren H M ead . .

,
. .
, . .
James H D avi d son W T B urr H C E ller E S imonton C J Th o m p

.
, . .
,
. .
, .
, . .
son H arvey O ffic e r John E spey E S Chittenden and Charles D Kerr

, , , . . . .
Active i n St Paul j ou rnal i sm : E V Smalley A P Connolly E d

. . .
, . .
,
ST PAUL AN D VI CI N I TY
. 561
ward Richards H A Castle George B Winship H T Johns and John , . .

, .
, . .
M K eat l y
. .
The following i n addition to numbers o f those already classi fied have , ,
been consp icuous i n the business a f fairs o f St Paul an d the northwest .

,
including its financial an d transportation i nterest s : C W Hackett D . .

,
.
R N oyes J C Hamilton H P Grant James H D lr ak e C H Kell ogg

.
, . .
, . .
,
.
, . .
,
B F Wright C H Osgood Z C B ohre r Henry H as en w i n k l e W A

. .
,
. .
,
. . , , .
Van Slyke Albert S che f fe r Joseph L o c k ey J W Lusk Henry L Car

, , ,
. .
, .
ver C A Z immermann W H D i xon George W Cross J P L arkin

, . .
,
. .
, .
, . .
,
T Doherty and J C B echt

. . . .
I n the yearliest days o f Acker Po st many valued comrades i dentified

themse lve s with it appl ie d for membership but through failure to com , ,
“
p l et e the then complicated p rocess o f muster i n or through de fects i n ,
the first records thei r names do n ot appear on the rolls They were t o
'
.
,
al l i ntents and purposes members They contributed in time an d money .
to its work marched in i t s parades participate d i n its public exerci ses

, ,
and rej oiced 1n thei r eligibi l ity to comradeship I t is a p leasure to recall .
a f ew o f thei r names at thi s point and pay this tribute to thei r honored ,
memory Among them were Gen W A Gorman Gen W S H ancock

“
. . . .
.
, . .
,
Gov H orace Austin Col James G i l fill a n Gen S D Sturgis Gen Geo
.
, .
, . . .
,
. .
Sykes Col Jas F J aquess Col J H Hammond Col C W Grig

,
.
gg s
. .
,
. . .
,
. . .
,
Col Wm Crooks Gen A Bai rd Gen O D Greene Co l C S U l i n e

. .
, . .
,
. . .
, . . .
,
Gen A H Terry Gen T H Ruger and Gen John R B rooke

. . .
,
. . . . . .
Am o n g t h e patri otic ci tizens whose sympathy and ai d was ever a t

~
,
comm and an d who are specially entitled to grateful mention here were :
, ,
Alexande r Ramsey Henry y M Rice Frederick D riscoll Thomas Coch ,

.
, ,
ran C ha s E F l an d r au A B Stickney John S Pri nce Wil liam B D ean

, . . . .
,
.
,
.
,
Wil ford L Wil son and James J H il l . . .
C O M MA ND E RS OF D E PART M E NTS
A s bearing more di rectly on the esteem in which members o f thi s

post have been hel d by thei r associates it may be state d that nine o f ,
.
them have been electe d commanders of the D epartment o f M innesota ,
G A R vi z
. . Comrades H amilton Castle B ecker Parker Ives M c
. . .
, , , , ,
Cardy Starkw eather M ahan and Compton I n addition Comrades Geo

, ,
.
, .
B Wi nship an d W H B rown have been commanders o f the D epart

. .
,
ment o f North D akota an d Comrade U S H ollister has been com

“
. .
,
mander o f the D epartment o f Colorado si nce severing thei r connecti on ,
w ith Acker Post .
Twelve commanders o f the M innesota Commandery M il itary O rder ,
o f the Loyal L egion have been chosen f rom among the comrades o f
.
,
Acker Post as have all the rec orders o f the commandery since it was
organi ze d m 1 8 8 5 .
N otwithstanding the exceptional number who have achieved d i s t i n c

tion i n publi c an d private stations the comrades o f Acker Post have a l ,
ways maintained i nviolate the principles o f absolute fraternity N o ex .
c e s s i v e annual dues have eve r been exacted i n o rde r to secure

“
e xclu .
s i v en e s s N o expensive uni forms o r other extravagances have been i n

.
d u l ge d i n H ono r as a soldier an d merit as a ci ti zen have been the tests

.
prescribed .
During g the forty two years continuou s l i fe o f Acker Post several

-
other p o s t s o f the order have been establi shed in St Paul Two o f . .
them Ord and Gettysburg p ost s a fter some years o f u se fulness volu m
,
-
, . ,
.
tar i l y
d i sbanded and a conside rabl e number o f thei r members united
w ith Acker and Garfiel d Post NO 8 organized i n 1 88 2 i s sti ll a vigor
,
.
, ,
ous contemporary and colleague in all good works .
A U X I L IARI E S
’
The Woman s Relie f Co rps auxiliary to Acker Post has been f o r
, ,
tw enty years a welcome aid i n many cases indeed the acknowledge d

,
leader i n the f raternal charitable a n d patri otic enterp ri ses it has under
, ,
taken .
St Paul Camp S ons of Vete rans fo r nearly an equal pe riod has c o

.
, ,
operated in reduci ng the burdens entailed upon the p ost .
Acke r Post has occupied du ring its caree r a dozen meeting places in
A D M I N ISTRAT I ON BU IL D I N G
M I N N E SOTA SO L DI E RS H O M E ’
M I N N E H A H A F ALL S
variou s localities but i n 1 90 5 wa s grante d by the state commodious

, , ,
quarters i n the old capi tol which may n o doubt be regarded hence forth
, , ,
as its pe rmanent home .
The N ational E ncampment o f the Grand Army o f the Republ i c i n

St Paul i n 1 8 96 and those hel d in M inneapol is i n 1 88 4 a n d 1 906 e n
.
, ,
gage d the enthu sia stic attenti on o f the post both as to partic ipation i n
,
parades a n d the entertainment o f vi sitors All the se occasions w ere o f

.
transcendent inte rest and O f inestimable value to the publ ic as obj ect les ,
sons i n patrioti sm .
Accused i n the beginning o f pol itical O bj ects and o f a tendency to

, , ,
keep al ive the animositie s o f the war the Gran d Army o f the Republ ic
,
has l ong since vind icate d itsel f f rom these aspersions With a mem .
'
b e r s h i p rep resenting all pa rties except anarchi sts an d all sects except
ST PAU L A N D V I CI N ITY
.
rank s w ill have b een disbanded Forty years hence i t w ill have become
.
, ,
pe rhaps a fading memo ry

,
.
“
But the patri otic forces i t has inspire d w ill be still i n v igorous
O peration to f reshen the glorie s o f the flag to brighten the destinies o f
, ,
rising generations o f f reemen and to stren gt hen the all conquering i m

,
-
”
pulse s O f p rogre ssive exultant triumphant Americani sm
, , .
CH A PT E R LI
PATRI OTI C SO CI E TI E S
S O LD I E RS D E S C E NDA NTS T H E S TA N C H EST R E F O R M ER s— A M E RI C A N I Z I N G

I N F E RIOR I M M IG RA NTS— S ON S OF T H E A M E RI C A N RE V O L UTION
,
D AUG HT E RS OF T H E A M E RI C A N REV O L UTION — A FFI L IAT E D W IT H T H E

.
G RA ND A R MY OF T H E RE PU B L I C— M I L ITARY O RD E R OF TH E LOYA L
LE GIO N — O RD E R OF T H E C I N C I N NATI— TH E S PIRIT OF T H E S O N S
EAR L Y S E TT L E RS A N D T H E IR D ES CE ND A N Ts—M I L ITARY O RGA N I Z A
TIO N S O F GER M A Ns .
The place occupied in the American l i fe o f the twe ntieth century by

the variou s patriotic societie s which hav e been organized amo ng our
citizens i s of great impo r tance to the future well —
,
being o f the nati on .
They are buttresses o f law and order ; bulwark s o f patrioti sm ; beacon

lights o f rational f reedom ; custodians o f p riceless national state and local ,
hi story .
We hear large segments o f our people c l am o r i n g f o r deliverance from

the g r asp o f the boss on the one han d and the guile o f the demagogue
on the o the r— p rotesting against machine pol iti cs corporate domination , ,
plutocratic greed and soc ial isti c nostrums From certain sections come .
the pungent fume s o f applauded lynchings ; the shrieks o f enslaved thou

san ds i n blood staine d pri son camp s ; the expostulati ons o f dis franchised
”
m ill ions to whom the consent o f the governed i s a steri le sarcasm In
,
‘‘
.
other sections we are pointed to festering absce sses in state and munici
,
pal government tainting the ai r w ith the deadly fetors o f pol itical cor
,
ruption From various congested localitie s come the imported roar and
.
tumul t and j argon o f mongrel alien races seething w ith sporadic revolt
, ,
i n the alembic of assimilation .
E vils li ke these must be encounte re d and vanqui shed be fore we can

have a per fect peace M eantime other evil s wi l l be generated in the
.
,
measureless caverns o f huma n c ri p i d i t y and venality Thu s the neve r .
endi ng war fare goes on between the forces o f error on the one si de
,
and on the othe r those who stand i n al l since rity and manliness fo r a n
upli ft o f pol itical honor o f culture o f moral s o f religion u n d efil ed
, , ,
.
S O L DI E R L Y D E S C E N DA NTS TH E S TA N C H E ST RE FORM E RS
,
But the forces that stand for the upli ft must be organi zed and affil i
ated and earnestly c o operative i n their laudable e f forts i f success i s to
,
-
_ ,
be expected An d strange as it may seem the fact remains that the men
.
, ,
who are most dependabl e fo r thi s organi zed and federated e ff ort to
garne r the harvests o f peace and ensure the p rogress o f civilization are ,
the su rvivors o f the wars o f the republ ic an d the descendants o f its

565
5 66 S T P AU L A N D V I CI N I TY
.
gallant sol die rs i n past generations The surviving vete rans o f the Union .
,
wi th the vows o f thei r unsel fish youth ful consecrati on still vivi d i n thei r
,
i n most souls demanding honor and purity in publ ic a ff ai rs have stoo d

, ,
f ou r—square agai nst the w rongs that we deplo re Rej oicing i n the splen .
do rs o f a d i m l e s s remini scence they have done the ir share to promote

,
the genui ne re form s which alone can work a cure The young sol diers .
o f the Sp anish —Ar n e r i c a n war and the Philipp ine campaigns have late r
,
i ncentives to organization and the sons o f the Union veterans with ,
the descendants o f Revolutionary and Colonial wars and thei r aux il ,
i a r i e s among the patrioti c women al l have abundant i ncentives for the ,
fo rmation o f thei r seve ral soci eties and shoul d al l be encouraged to ,
extend and p erpetuate them .
The gr eat p roblem o f p rope rly assimi lating and Americani z ing an
enormous annual immigration each imm igrant a thermal unit o f dynamic
,
energy f or goo d o r evil largely depends for its p rope r solution o n the
,
wi sdom and activi ty o f the churches the p ress the patri otic societi es , ,
and the managers o f ou r e ducational system .
A M ER I CA N I z I N G -
I N F E R IOR I M M IGR A NTS
From July 1 1 8 1 9 to June 30 1 9 1 0

, ,
immigrants we re
, ,
admitted to the Uni ted States O f thi s number . per cent came f rom
E uropean countries whi ch countri es are the source o f about
,
per
cent o f the p resent imm igration movem ent From 1 8 1 9 to 1 88 3 more .
than 95 p er cent o f the total immigrati on from E u rope originated i n the

Uni te d Kingdom 'Germany Scandinavia th e Nethe rlands Belgium
, , , , ,
France and S w itzerland Follow ing 1 88 3 there wa s a rapi d change i n

.
,
the ethnical character o f E u ropean i mm i gration and m recent years more ,
than 7 0 pe r cent o f the movement has o riginate d i n southe rn an d easte rn

E u rope In a singl e gene rati on Austria H ungary I taly a n d Russia have
.
-
succeeded the United Kingdom and Germany as the chie f sou rce s o f
immigration I n fact each o f the three countri es fi rst named furni shed
.
,
m ore immigrants to the Uni ted States i n 1 90 7 than came i n the same ,
yea r from the L n i t e d Kingdom Germany Scandinavia France the , , , ,
Netherlands Belgium a n d Sw itzerland combine d .
The ol d immigration m ovement i n recent years has rapi dly declined ,
both nume rically and relatively a n d unde r p resent conditions there are,
no indications that it w il l materially increase The n e w i mmigrati on .
m ovem ent i s ver y la r g e a n d there a 1 e few i f a n y i nd icati ons o f its

, , .
natural abatement The n e w 1 m m 1 1 at 1 0n coming in such large num

.
0
bers ha s provoked a w i despread feel ing o f app rehensi on a s to i ts eff ect

.
o n the economic and social wel fare o f the country As a class the new .
imm igrants a re largely unskilled labo rers com ing f rom countrie s where ,
thei r highe st w age i s small compared wi th the lo w est w age i n the United
State s Nearl y 7 5 pe r cent o f them a re mal es About 8 3 per cent are .
b e t u e e n the age s o f 1 4 a n d 4 5 v e a r s and consequently are produce rs .
rathe r than dependents The y bring b

. l i ttle m o n ev into the c o u n t i y a n d
send o r take a con siderable part o f thei r earni ngs out M ore than 3 5 .
per cent are illite rate as c o m pa 1 e d with l ess than 3 per cent o f the ol d
i mmi grant class
The se facts taken f rom the repo rts O f th e United States Imm igra
ti on Commi ssi on strongly emphasi ze the importance o f the educational
.
work requ i red i n Ame rica n i zi ng thi s tremendou s influ x o f fo reigners .

5 68 S T PAU L A N D V I CI N ITY
.
and w ith substantially the same condi tions o f membership has also a ,
state society closely a ffiliate d w ith that j ust mentioned

,
.
The Society o f the So ns o f the American Revolution has done goo d

work during the last twenty years i n the e rection o f numerous monu
m ents and tablets commemorative o f the impo rtant events and the emi
nent patriots o f the War f or I ndependence M uch has also bee n ac co m .
p l i s h e d toward the permanent p reservation o f the reco rds o f that period .
D uring the last four years the society has been carrying on a stil l greater
w ork i n p reserving the p ri nciples and the institutions founded b y the
men o f 1 77 6 The milli ons o f aliens i n the United States are bei ng taught
.
w hat the nation stands for what i t means fo r them to become a part o f
,
the body politic participating i n the duties and responsibil iti es o f active
,
c iti zens i n an i ntelligent manne r .
The i mmigrants o f today may be the good Americans o f tomorrow ,
i f they are made to know thei r privileges and thei r duties i n thei r
adopted country The chi l dren o f our alie n population may become
.
leade rs i n the advancement o f Ame rican ideals The comp osite char .
acter o f ou r nation i s an advantage i n that it gives to i t a va riant ene rgy

,
and a d istinctive type o f Ame rican characte r .
The committee on in formation fo r al iens has di stribute d hund reds

o f thousands o f leafl ets throughout the land whereve r ali ens congregate ,
tel ling them i n a dozen di ff erent languages what they most need to know
about the government and ou r institutions Anothe r leaflet p rinte d i n .
,
E ngli sh only explains the impo rtance o f becom ing naturalize d c iti zens
, .
’
Th e society s leaflets have been made text books i n many schools o f
children o f al iens i n our large cities ; they have been w i dely di stributed
i n settlements o f foreigners ; newly arrived immi grants have been e n
c o u r a ge d to l eave the ci ties a n d thei r ev il i nfluence an d take up employ
ment i n regions o f the country where they may more spee dily become
active factors i n civil a n d business a ff ai rs and i n the general p romotion
’
o f the nation s i ndustrial growth .
D A UG H T E RS OF T H E A M E RI C A N RE V O L UTIO N
The Daughters o f the Ame r i can Revolution the largest an d most

aggressive association o f patriotic women i n the w orld now ,
strong i s well represented i n S t Paul I t i s entirely i ndependent o f

, . .
the Sons though work ing for similar purposes a n d i s organi zed into ,
”
local chapters which i n tu rn a re rep resented i n sta te a n d national
“
, ,
congresses The annual congre sses o f the Daughters hel d i n Continental

.
Hall thei r ow n splend id building at Washi ngt on D C are events o f

, , .
,
national i nterest The chapters i n S t Paul a re St Paul D ista ff and

. . .
, ,
Nathan H al e all well organi zed and ready for any good work
, .
The D aughters o f th e American Revolution o f the Tw in City have

a ssumed the patri otic task o f buyi ng restoring an d furni shi ng the O l d ,
home o f Gen H H S ibley at M endota which next to the Roun d Tower

. . .
, ,
at Fort Snel ling i s ou r most valued anti quity They aim to have th e .
hou se as nearly as possibl e a s it was when buil t and decorative e ffects ,
and furni shings are being carried out wi th thi s i dea i n mi nd The i n .
t e r i o r i s fin i s h e d i n white a n d each chapter w il l provi de f or decorating

, ,
a n d f urni shin g i ts own room .
Th e Colonial Dame s the Societ y o f Col oni al Wars and other associa
.
tion s based o n de scent f rom the earlie r generations o f Americans have .
branche s i n the c i t y with a membe rsh ip l ess numerou s than those we

ST PAU L AN D VI CI N I TY
. .
have named but not less inspi red by patriotic zeal for the p reservation
,
o f republ ican institution s .
The Grand Army o f the Republic the all embracing organi zation o f ,
-
the veterans O f the War for the Union has been given in anothe r chapter ,
the consi de ration due to its unique character high aim s an d great achieve , ,
ments S ubsidiary to it are nume r ous associations for e x soldiers and

.
-
sailors by regiments by battalions as naval veterans ex p ri soners o f

, , ,
-
war etc by means o f which the fraternal tie s that bind the comrades are
, .
,
.
p reserve d and strengthened wh i le the principle o f unswerving loyalty i s ,
rel igiously che rished There i s also the Union Veteran Union wit h a
'
goodly membership o f battle se rvice com rade s -

.
A FFI L IAT E D W IT H T H E G R A N D A R M Y OF T H E RE PUB L I C .
Auxiliary to the Grand Army o f the Republ ic are the Woman s Re ,

’
lie f C orps and the Ladies o f the Grand Army of the Republic Thes e o r
, .
’
gan i z a t i o n s have done and are doing a noble work in ai ding needy vete r
ans i n provi ding com forts a n d d e l i c ac i e s for i nmates o f the Soldiers ’
H ome an d i n giving patriotic entertainments w hich have a distinctly bene

,
fic i al historical and educational infl uence These societies are : Acker Rel ie f .
Corp S No 7 ; Garfield Rel ie f Corp s No 5 ; Hancock Regiment Woman s

. .
’
Veteran Rel ie f Union ; the Ladies o f the Grand Army O f the Republic ;
’
Ladies Auxiliary No 1 2 to the Sons o f Veterans and D aughters o f Veter
ans E ach o f them i s subordinate to a state o rgani zation which u sually
'
.
, ,
“
maintains a headquarters i n St Paul I n one sense the society o f The . .
”
L adies o f the Grand A rmy o f the Republic i s not au xi liary to the Grand
Army o f the Republ ic I ts members consi der them s e lves a part o f it
. .
E very hono rably di scharged soldier and hi s family m ay become members

O f the orde r The orde r i s not designed to be purely charitable but i s
.
,
social as well The national organi zati on wa s perfected in C hicago on the

.
1 8 t h day o f November 1 886 A t thi s fi rst convention only four states

, .
were rep re sente d v i z —New Jersey Pennsylvania Cali for nia and I ll inoi s
.
, ,
.
.
Mi s s Lau ra M c Ne i r o f C am den Ne w Jersey was elected p resi dent The

'
.
, ,
membership at that time was At the p resent time there a re de

‘
p a r t m e n t s i n twenty e igh t states and territories and a membe rship o f

-
more than
’
The o f ficially recognized auxi liary o f the G A R is the Woman s . .
Rel ie f Corp s I ts avowed obj ects are to assist the Grand Army o f the
.
Republ ic to perpetuate the memory o f thei r heroic dead ; to ai d n eedy

veterans and the i r w i dows and orphans and find fo r the l atter homes
and employment ; to cherish and emulate the deeds o f army nu rses and
othe r women who rendered loving service i n the war ; to maintain alle
g i a n c e to the Union and inculcate patrioti sm among chil dren All women
ove r sixteen years o f age o f good moral character and deportment who ,
have not given aid and com fort to the enemies o f the Union and who ,
woul d perpetuate the p rinciples o f the association are el igible to mem ,

’
hership The Woman s Relie f Corp s in i ts national capacity dates f rom
.
, ,
’
July 1 8 83 It was forme d by representatives o f various sol die rs aid
, .
s ocietie s and relie f associ ations which then exi sted under di ff erent forms ,
in si x teen states some o f them organi zed du ring the war It has a full
, .
system o f reports mai ntains strict di scipline and imposes secrecy for
, ,
the p rotection o f its beneficiaries and members The nati onal c o n v e n

’
tion meets annually at the same time and place as the Grand Army The .
corps has endowe d and supports a national home for the wi ves and
570 S T PAUL AN D VI CI N ITY
.
mothers o f soldi ers and dependent army nu rses ; i t has led to the found
’
i ng o f soldiers home s in many states and has built a large numbe r o f ,
monuments memo rial halls e tc During the year ende d June 1 5 1 91 I

, ,
.
, ,
the Woman s Relie f Co rp s o f M innesota besi de s expending

’
,
cash ,
fo r rel ie f and bestowing charities o the r than money estimated at

contribute d to the department treasury o f t h e G r a n d Army o f
'
the Republic The aggregate amount o f patriotic and charitable wo rk

.
done in the state o f M innesota every yea r by these working bodie s o f

loyal women i s simply incalculable .
The Son s o f Veterans i s an associatio n compo sed o f de scendants o f

h o no rably di scharge d Uni on soldi ers a n d i s gradually assum ing the patri ,
otic work o f the Gran d Army o f the Republ ic a s the com rades o f that ,
great o rder reduced i n numbers and en feebled by age consent to su rren

, ,
de r portions o f i t to the w illing hands o f thei r energetic sons St Paul . .
Camp No 1 Son s o f V eterans w as organi zed twenty fiv e years ago

.
, ,
-
TAY L ORS F ALL S M I N N ,

. ST . C ROI X F ALL S ,
W IS .
I N T E R STAT E P A R K
-
TAY L ORS FA LL S
and has numbered i n its ranks some o f ou r promi nent citi zens When .
the Spani sh war broke out thi s camp wh ich had for some years hel d
, ,
a company status in the N ational Guard o f M innesota enli sted e n masse , ,
in the Fou rteenth Regiment M innesota I n fantry Volunteers May 1 5 , , ,
1 898 and w ent to the front the new gene ration emulati ng the gallantry of
, ,
thei r si re s i n promptly rallying to the de fense o f thei r country s flag

’
The pre sent o fficers o f the camp are : J ohn Gunther commande r : Geo , .
T D ra ke sec retary and Geo rge D oran treasure r Thomas P O R e aga n

'
. . .
, , ,
o f St Paul i s commande r o f the divi sion o f M i nnesota a n d George T

. .
D rake secretary and treasu re r The sons emulate the Grand Arm y o f
,
.
“
the Republic in the practi ce o f true f raternity The equal ity fo r wh ich .
som e men yearn i s a n equal ity with superi ors and a superiority to equal s .
But both these orders practice what they preach— a genuine equali t y .
The ex sol diers o f the war with Spai n and o f the campaigns in t h e
-
Phil ippine s al so have th ei r associati ons to perpetuate the i r comradeship ,
p reserve the ir hi story and encou rage patriotic O bservances The United .
ST PAU L A N D VI CI N I TY
.
death i n 1 897 L i eut Dav i d L Kingsbury succeede d him a fte r a short

. . .
i nte rval and was annually reelected unti l hi s death

, .
Among those who have served as commande rs o f the M innesota

Commandery are Gene rals Sanborn M arshall S ibley Bi shop Merritt
, ,
M ason Grant B rooke Andrews H ii bb a r d and Adam s ; Colonel s G i l fil

, , ,
, , , ,
lan J enni son H ick s B enton and N ewport ; M aj o rs Bourne and Hale ;
, , ,
C aptains L o c h r e n Castle Col lins Torrence H igbee Doherty and Har

, , , , ,
ries The offi cer s for 1 9 1 2 are : Lieut S H Towle r Commande r and
. . . .
,
Capt Orton S Clark recorder The total membership i s now 2 6 7

. .
, . .
S i x hand some volu mes averaging 500 pages each o f the hi storical , ,
papers read by companion s at the regular meeting o f the commandery ,
have been publi she d under the uni form title o f Gl imp se s o f the Na
”
tion s Struggle
’
A volume o f 200 pages entitle d A ddresse s i n M emory
.
”
o f Abraham L incoln delive red be fore the M i nne sota Commandery at
its spec ial Lincoln banquets has been printed by the state unde r the , ,
.
di recti on o f H on C G Schulz superintendent o f publ ic instructi on

. . .
, .
O RD E R OF T H E C I N C I N NATI
The soc iety w hich fu rni she d the precedent and the model for the
‘
”
Loyal Legion was that o f the Ci nci nnati forme d by the Revoluti onary ‘
o ffi cer s at the close o f the War f or I ndependence The early histo ry .
o f this association i s o f inte rest I t was o rganized in 1 7 8 3 w hile the .

,
remnants o f the Continental a rmy l ay i n cantonments at Newburg on the

’
H udson The initiation fee was one month s pay and an o rder o n the
.
,
treasury o f the Unite d States was taken i n payment The Offi cers had .
no money Ba ron Steuben wa s the p rincipal p romoter and George Wash

.
i n gt o n was the fi rst p resi dent general The followi ng was the declara .
tion o f p rinc iple s and O bj ects : A n ince ssant attent i on to pre se rv e i n “
vi olate tho se e xalte d rights and l ibe rtie s o f human nature for which they
have fought and ble d and wi thout whi ch the high rank O f a national b e
,
i ng i s a curse instead o f a blessing ,

.
“
An unalterabl e dete rmination to p romote an d cherish between the
respective state s that union and national hono r so essentially nece ssary
,
to thei r happine ss and the future dignity o f the Ame rican emp i re .
“
To render pe rmanent the cord ial a ff ection subsi sting among t h e
O ffi cers Th i s spi rit w ill
. extend to the most substantial acts o f
b e n e fic e n c e towards those o fficer s an d thei r famil ies who u n f o r
”
t u n a t e l y may be unde r the nece ssity of receiv ing i t .
Thi s declaration arou sed v ehement O ppo si tion The legi slatures o f .
some o f the state s fiercely denounced the orde r by resolution and passed , ,
law s aimed di rectly a t its e xi stence The princi ples o f the o rder we re .
declared to be i n confl ict w ith Ame rican in stituti ons becau se it permitted '
,
the heredi tary descent o f hono rs an d becau se being an o rganization o f , ,
m il itary men i t tended to c reate a privileged class So severe was the

.
.
sto rm that the president general thought i t best to yiel d to it and i n an .
elaborate address to the o rder advi sed a change o f its constitution abol i sh ,
i ng the he reditar y featu re retaini ng its charitable provisi on s an d d ec l a ,
ing its C hie f pq o s e to i nculcate the duty o f those taking u p arm s in “
t i me o f w ar fo r the national de fence to lay them down i n times o f

peace .The state soci eties however neglecte d to take action upon the
’
. .
p roposed amendments and t hey were never adopted We who have seen .
,
mill ion s o f a rm ed m e n melt i n a day into a mass o f C iti zens l ike snow
flake s fall ing upon wate r can sm ile at thi s exhibiti on o f j eal ou s fear ,
ST PAU L AN D VI C I N I TY
.
B ut what we ought to admi re and imitate is that passio nate love o f free
institution s that w ill brook no attack com e from what source i t may , .
I n sp ite o f hostil ity and opposition the Cincinnati has maintai ned ,
an existence until the pr esent time But owing to the fa ilure o f late r .
generations to aggressively avow the patriotic p rinciple s o f its founders ,
it has not been the influential force i n the republic w hich tho se founders
evi dently expecte d i t to be .
TH E S PIRIT OF T H E S O N S
An an index o f the spi rit which animates the rising generation o f loy al
young men enro l led i n the Sons o f Veterans and the inheritance classes
, ,
o f the Loy al Legion w e may quote from the address o f greeting by D ivi
,
-
~
si on Commande r Villars to the Department E ncampment o f the Grand

“
Army o f the Republic at St Paul June 1 6 1 91 1 We are you r sons We
,
.
, , . .
haveyyour blood I n ou r vei ns your spi r i t our hearts The purposes that , .
i nfluenced you fi fty years ago I bel ieve dom inate us I t has taken some , .
o f u s a long w hile to real ize all thi s ; a good many a long time to appr e
ciate all that sonsh ip means But i f you w ill bear wi th u s for a few .
years longer you will live long enough to see that the army o f the Son s
,
o f Veterans will be wo rthy its sires We believe i n Old Glory ; we b e .
l ieve in all that for which she stands ; we believe i n the Gran d Army o f
the Republ ic and we stand not o nly as the de fenders o f our flag upon
,
the battlefield i f God please but 1 n civ ic a ff airs in municipal a ff ai rs i n

, , , ,
social a ff airs ; standing not only for the fl ag i n its relatio n to p ol itical
and civic o rganizat i on but standing al so as your sons whose d u ty it i s
, , ,
as your hai r become f rosted by winte r and you r breasts filled w ith cares
that are becoming burdensome and you r feet j ust a l ittle bit more u n
. ,
certai n i n some cases I find than they were a fe w years ago to bring to
, , ,
you our strong arms and our lov i ng hearts to help you i n these days to ,
carry the loads and to walk w ith you i n thi s wearisome way I am -
.
the son o f a vete ran the one thing i n all the worl d that I brag about even
, ,
i f I wasn t to blame for it I am gla d that my father w as man enough

’
.
to de sert hi s w i fe Pretty tough proposition for some fellows He le f t

. .
her on a l ittle farm i n Illi noi s three mi les f rom any other resi dence ; l e ft,
her with a l ittl e babe on her b reast to run he r farm i n the summer time ,
to get her coal f or wi nter hersel f ; haul it he rsel f teach school in the ,
winter time and wait fo r reports f rom the battlefields .
“
Father came home on a sick furlough one time and w h ile he was
there the l ittl e lad o f the home suddenly sickened an d died They had a .
funeral proce ssion They coul dn t have as big ones then as w e have now ’ ‘
adays fo r the simple reason that all the m en were gone practical l y and
, ,
that funeral procession was a team o f mule s hi tche d to a lumbe r wagon ,
in which was a l ittle pine box that my father had made himsel f for he ,
didn t have the salary then o f the Methodi st p reachers o f to day The
’
.
second vehi cl e i n the procession was anothe r lumber wagon ; its oce n
pants a boy i n blue and a woman in cal ico wearing an old fashioned
,
-
slat bonnet There wa s not a p reacher in the country to say the words
-
.
over the body o f the li ttle baby They went to the cemete ry and lai d i t .
away and then my father took my m other i n hi s arms and ki ssed her
good —bye and went directly from the grave to the trai n Hi s furlough .
“
had expi red I t was hard for him comrades But l isten H e went back
.
, . .
to the battlefiel d ; he went back to the camp with its excitement and its ,
enthusiasm and i ts j okes ; back to it all Mother went back to that lit
,
.
57 4 S T PAUL AN D V I CI N I TY
.
tle two room shac k on the pl ains alone to waken i n the night and m i ss
-
, ,
the little hand s that claspe d her nec k an d the l ittle face that ne stle d on
her breast S he wa s as great i n her heroi sm as w as he ; an d I am only
.
one o f the multitude o f sons w ho stand today p roud o f the blo od that
flow s i n thei r vei ns An d so be patient w ith u s a l ittl e w hi le and we.
wi ll demonstrate to you that we bel ieve i n ou r ancest r y and w e w ill ,

”
S how you i n the days to c ome the bloo d that i s i n u s .
EAR L Y SE TT L E RS A N D T H E I R D ES C E N D A NT S
Scarcely second i n inte re st and value to the societie s w h ich i n c u l

cate a nati on —wi de spi rit o f pat rioti sm are those organi zed to pe rpetuate ,
the traditions the com radeshi p and the reco rds o f achi evement by the
, ,
early settlers o f M innesota thei r descendants an d successors The p rin ,

.
c i pl e s polici es and methods o f the se association s co rrespond 011 a les s

. ,
extended but equally lo fty plane w ith those hel d by the national o rgan i ,
z at i o n s Rightly handle d they will tran smit to p oste rity something o f the
.
p ionee r enthusiasm w hich founde d and built up ou r imperi al common

wealth S t Paul i s the natural headquarte rs o f the se societies since
. .
,
so much o f i ts hi story i s inextricably inte rwoven w ith that o f the terri

tory an d state Responsibil ity o ften produce s abi l ity but p owe r always
.
,
fl oats into the hands o f m e n who c a n do things The men who di d things .
royally and nobly i n those fi rst years and the ir early succe ssors have , ,
done w ell to organize a n d transmit a n d pe rpetuate the story o f what

they di d and saw and su f fe red .
’
The fi rst o f these societies was the Ol d S ettlers A ssociation o f M in
mesot a i ncorporate d M arch 2 3 1 8 57
,
I ts fi rst meeting was hel d i n the ,
.
hall o f the H i stori cal Society in St Paul February 2 7 1 8 58— H H S ib .

, . .
ley chai rman ; A L L a r pe n t eu r sec retary The origi nal i ncorporators

, . .
, .
numbered o n e hund red an d one T he obj ect o f the association was to .
p rovi de a fun d for the support and assi stance o f such old settlers o f
M innesota as may be deemed worthy o f support ; to collect and d i s s em i
nate u se ful i n fo rmati on in relati on to the early hi sto ry and settlement o f
M inne sota ; to reco rd an d p rese rve the names o f its members and the
date o f thei r arrival in the territory the state and county f rom which ,
they emigrated etc The fi rst o fficers w ere : Socrates N elson presi
,
.
,
dent ; Charle s H Oake s fi rst vi ce p re si dent ; Phil ander Prescott second

.
, ,
vi ce p resident ; Aaron Goodrich secretary ; Lott M o ff ett treasure r , ,
executive comm ittee : John P Owens H F Masterson Mahlo n Black .

, . .
, ,
W R B rown an d J E M c K u s i c k E l igibil ity to m embership was based

. . . . .
on settlement i n M innesota p ri or to January I 1 8 50 The association r e , .
solved to commemorate the organi zation o f M innesota territory by a

banquet at the M erchants H otel St Paul on the fi rst day o f June the , .
, ,
annive rsa ry o f that event which occu rred i n 1 849 The celebrati on has ,
.
been annually obse rve d until thi s day w ith a steadily dimi ni shing a t ,
tendance The f ollow ing membe rs w ere pre sent a t rol l call June I 1 88 1
.
,
H H S ibl ey Wil liam P M u r r ay R i c ha r d Chute Ba rt Pre sley J W

. .
,
.
,
'
, .
, . .
Bas s Aaron Goodrich O liver Parsons A D N el son H F Masterson

, , , . .
,
. .
,
H on Al ex Ram sey J oseph Guion John B Spencer A L L a r pe n t eu r

. . , , .
, . .
,
H L M oss J V i l l a u m e Thomas Odell B W L ott D r J H Mu rphy

. .
, . , ,
. .
,
. . .
,
Sylveste r S t at e l e r B F I rvine A H Cavender Davi d Day D r John

,
. .
, . .
, , .
D ewey E W Du rant H M Rice E dmund Rice and J D L udden

,
. .
,
. .
, . .
,
q uite a vigorous rep resentation for thi rty years a fte r B ut another .
thi rty years passed an d at the d inner hel d at the M erchants Hotel June
,
576 S T PAU L A N D V I CI N ITY
.
country fo r which they fou ght and at the same time uphold the p ri nciple s
o f real American citizenship .
There i s al so an organi zation o f Ge rmans who se rved as voluntee rs

i n the Civil war the German American Vete ran A ssociation There c a n
,
-
.
cer tainly be no more reliably patriotic society than o ne composed o f

“
forei gn bo rn citi zens who ri sked the ir l ives i n de fense o f the Unio n when
many native sons evaded thei r duty .
CH APT E R LII
CHARI TA B LE I N ST ITUTI O N S A ND A S SO CI ATI O N S
TH E P ROT E STA N T O RP H A N A SY L U M FOR T H E RE L I E F OF T H E U N

E M P L OY E D—B OA R D OF C O NTRO L OF P UB L I C C H ARITI E S— TH E C ITY
A ND COU NTY H OSPITA L— S O C I E TI E S A ND H O M E S —S O C I E TY FOR T H E
RE L I E F OF T H E P OOR— P R EV E NTIO N OF T UB E R C U L OSI S— TH E A M
H E RST H W I L D E R C HARITY— M O D E R N C H ARITAB L E ME T H ODS
.
Climatic conditions have f rom the beginning calle d attenti on to the

, ,
necessity for ample p rovi sion to care for un fortunate and destitute indi
v i d u a l s i n the community— a necessity which has never faile d to el icit
an adequate response from the sympathetic an d generous people o f the

city The benevolent organizations o f St Paul cover a w i de range both
. .
,
in the diversi fied elements o f which they are compose d and the variety
o f O bj ects for which they are formed Protestants Catholics and H e.
,
brew s v i e w ith each other in endeavors to alleviate poverty and su ff ering

among those who have claim upon thei r special care L arge German .
and Scandinavi an soci eties are active in ai ding their own countrymen .
B oth men and w omen contribute gene rou sly according to thei r means ,
and the u niversal participation by St Paul people in personal charitable

.
work commands admi ration for thei r unselfi sh devotion to p romoting the
wel fare o f the less fortunate .
The rel ie f takes the form i n turn o f educational spi ritual and mate rial ,
ai d I t i s admini stered i n the home or through some instituti on I t

. .
reaches all classes— the aged the chil dren mothe rs w i dows or deserted
, , ,
w ives ; the unemployed homeless men wayward o r unprotecte d gi rls ;

, ,
the sick and those a f flicte d with permanent physical di sabiliti es Cloth ing .
i s f reely supplied to those who are i n need o f it Hosp ital s asylums .

,
and home s have been built an d endowe d for those requ iring temporary
or permanent shelter M e dical care d rugs and even nursing are b e
.
,
stowed upon those who cannot a ff ord to p ay fo r them Shi ftless and .
ignorant mothers are taught the elements o f housekeep ing children a re ,
t rained to u se thei r hands i n use ful occupations Work i s found for .
those who are able and willing to w ork Food and fuel are fu rnished to
.
ti de over p eriods o f destitution Families are instructe d i n the value o f

.
thri ft and sel f reliance

-
.
O f the numerou s b e ne fic en t institutions maintained by the Cathol ic

chu rch due mention has been made in a p receding chapter Those e m .
dowed by other denomination s as well as non sectarian and publ ic char

,
- ~
ities w ill e c o n s i d e r e d h e r ei n
b
'
.
,
TH E P ROT E STA NT O RP HA N A SY L U M
The Protestant Orphan Asylum was organi zed May 1 865 for the , ,
care o f Protestant orphans and destitute chi ldren I n the fall o f the .
.
same year p rope rty on the corner o f Weste rn and M arshall avenues was
,
purchase d and the i nstitutio n was opened wi th si x chil dren as inmates ,
which i n 1 8 78 had grown to a fami ly o f forty —fou r persons I n 1 8 72 a .
more commodious house was secured the n deeme d su fficiently e xtensive ,
for the needs o f many years but the numbe r seeking ai d o f the asylum ,
was so large that they were obl iged to enlarge the buil ding The .
p resent i s a very fine stone buil ding locate d on M arshal l avenue The .
house a n d ground s were purchased f rom a gentleman w ho formerly o c

c u p i e d it as a summer residence ; there were twe nty fi v e ac res o f land b e -
longing to the place a beauti ful grove o f trees back o f the h ouse making ,
a del ight ful playground for the children The re i s a goo d school c o n .
n ec t e d w ith the instituti on i n which the common b ranches o f education
are taught Religious servi ces u nde r the charge o f di f ferent Protestant
.
clergymen are held Sunday a fternoons at the asylum The C hildren are .
care d for until they are old e nough to take care o f themselve s and the n ,
good places are provided for them unless they are p reviou sly adopte d ,
by some good fami ly I t i s supported partially by the city ; the balance .
i s rai se d by p rivate subscriptions cash donations e t c The fi rst o fficers , ,

.
we re : M rs Ho race Thompson p resident ; M rs G A Hamilton v ice

.
,
. . .
,
p resi dent ; M rs E F D rake treasurer ; M rs C W Griggs sec retary

. . .
,
. . .
,
.
Board o f manage rs : M rs Col Morton M rs A G Fo ster M rs G P . .

,
. . .
, . . .
Jackson M rs D r S Conn M rs Horace Thomp son M rs E F D rake

, . . .
,
.
, . . .
,
M rs G A Ham ilton M rs A H W ilder M rs S B M c Co n n e l l M rs

. . .
, . . .
, . . .
, .
D R N oyes M iss E M Terry an d M rs C W Griggs

. .
,
M iss Emma . .
, . . . .
S iebert i s matron M i ss S tone teacher and D r C G H igbee physi cian , ,

. . .
,
.
There are now forty fiv e i nmate s and the o ffi ce rs are M rs H T D rake -
. . .
,
p resi dent and M rs W R Ramsey reco rdi ng secretary

,
. . .
, .
FO R TH E RE LI E F OF TH E U N E M P L OY E D
A special emergency a rose during the fal l and w inter o f 1 893 4 which -
led to the formation o f the citi zens committee fo r the reli e f o f the u n
employed and to the adoption o f measures w hic h having since se rved
, ,
as a m odel for othe r ci tie s are w orthy o f record here A s early as ,

.
August 1 8 93 i t became evi dent that there w oul d be many destitute u n

, ,
empl oye d duri ng the ensuing wi nte r owing to the financial dep ression ,
that ha d close d many i ndu stries The matter was b rought to the notice .
o f Mayor F P Wright and meetings were held i n hi s o fli c e to consi de r

. .
the subj ect Among those who were invi ted by th e mayor to attend
. .
these con fe rences we re J J M c Ca r d y comptroll er L T Chambe rlai n

, . .
, . . .
,
attorney Al derman O O Culle n a n d A ssemblyman F B D oran r e p r e

, . . . .
,
senting the c ity gove rnment ; John Kerw in and Adam Fink o f the board ,
o f control ; Pete r Daly a n d Robert Seng o f the county commi ssioners ; ,
J A Wheelock p resi dent o f park commi ssione rs ; Rev S G Smith D

. .
, . . .
,
.
D and Rev H H Hart o f the State B oard o f Correction s a n d Chari ties ;

. . . . .
P resident Henry A Castle and D i rectors R S Tallmadge and Thomas . . .
Cochran o f the Chambe r o f Comme rce ; W L Wilson D R Noye s and

. . . . . .
M L Hutchins o f the Rel ie f Society : Rev P R He f fron represent

. .
. . . .
,
i ng the Cathol ic benevolent soc ieti es ; Rev David M organ representing .

,
the Friendly Inn ; Jame s Morrow and Ha rry Gray o f the T rade s a n d .
Labo r A ssembly : C E Fl a n d r a u H P Hall and George Thompson i n . .

, . .
,
ad diti on to M r representing the daily newspapers

. .
A s a resul t O f many con ferences a p lan o f organization and ope ra

tions was adopted which resul te d i n the citi zens executive committee ,
’
580 S T PAU L A N D VI CI N ITY
.
the great good they have accompli shed w ith the small means at thei r
command .
I n a l l the benevolent work an d in al l the charitable o rganizations

in the C i ty s hi story certai n honore d names stand out as wi lling helpe rs
’
i n every good cause L iberal co ntributors we re numerous and always .
appreci ated but the m e n who could spare time f rom thei r p ress i ng
, _
business cares to care fully adm inister the p rivate bene factions and
publi c app rop riations were hel d i n S pecial esteem Without d i s c r i m i .
nati ng against some others perh aps equally worthy w e may be pe r ,
m i t t e d to name a few as entitled to grate ful remembrance They are .
Wi l ford L Wil son D W I ngersoll D R Noyes D r Samuel G

.
,
. .
,
. .
, . .
Smith Charle s E M ayo C D Strong D D M errill D illon O B r i e n

,
.
, . .
, . .
,
’
J B Sanborn Geo rge Benz Thos Cochran Joh n N i c o l s H M Rice

. . , , .
, ,
. . ,
F D ri scoll and C E Fl a n d r a u They we re phi lanthrop i sts i n the best

. . . .
sense .
B OA R D OF CONTRO L OF P UB L I C C HARI TI E S
The publ ic charitie s o f the ci ty and county i ncluding outdoo r relie f , ,
the admini strati on o f the ci ty an d county hosp ital the alms hou se an d ,
p oor farm the dete ntion hospital for the insane the smallpox hosp ital
, , ,
et c .are managed by the B oard o f Control Thi s board had its i n c ep

,
.
tion i n the di rectors o f the alm s house and hosp ital Ramsey county ; ,
o rganize d July 2 2 1 8 7 2 ; fi rst meeting consisting o f C H S c h u r m e i e r

, . . .
T homas Grace and L orenzo Hoyt with Will i am Welch clerk On , , .
Ap ril 1 0 1 873 William L i n d ek e succeed s S c h u r m e i er deceased Jun e

, , , .
4 1 8 7 4 H J B rainard succeeds L H oyt

, ,
. .May B M iche l . . .
succeeds Willi am L i n d e k e June 2 1 1 8 7 7 William Freeman succeeds .

, ,
H J B rainar d January 1 3 1 88 1 Jacob Heck succeeds B M ichel Cit y

. . .
, , ‘
. .
and county physicians : D rs Sm ith and Hand f rom 1 8 7 2 ; D r M attocks . .
succeeds i n September 1 8 7 7 ; D ecembe r 1 5 1 8 80 D rs Stewart and

, , , ,
.
Wheaton succeed D r M attocks . .
The B oard o f Control formerly ap pointe d by the j udges o f the d is ,
t r i c t cou rt now by the county comm i ssio ners

,
succeede d to all these ,
functions w i th additional pow ers which have been administere d w ith

, ,
w isdom and p ru dence T he lamented death o f N P Langford pre si . . .

,
dent o f the board in October 1 9 1 I removed one trusted and venerate d

, , ,
fi gu re who for many years had exe rci sed a wholesome influence on all
,
i ts enterp rises .
When i n 1 88 5 the Ramsey county po o r f a r m on Snell ing avenue .
wa s donated f or State Fai r grounds a quarter sectio n o f land wa s pur ,
chase d O n White Bear avenue j u st beyon d the city limits an d adj oining
N o r th St Paul On thi s tract the new an d modern alm s house o f the
. .
count y has been buil t a n d i s fully equ ipped w ith all the necessary ,
appl iances o f s u c h i nstituti ons .
TH E C ITY A N D COU N TY H OSPITA L
The development o f the ci ty an d county hospi tal at Je ff erson a v e ,
nue and Colborn street under the j u ri sdiction o f the B oard o f Co n trol ,
and under the di rect management o f D r A B A neke r superintendent . . . , .
also c ity and county physician has ful ly k ept pace w ith the growth o f ,
th e city itsel f I n 1 8 8 3 when D r An e ke r took charge the hospital

.
, . ,
con si sted o f a single bu ildi ng an ol d ston e resi dence ; the wate r came ,
f rom a w ell and ke rosene lamps su plied l ight Attendants divi ded
p
.
,
ST PAUL AND VI CI N I TY
. 58 1
thei r time between cooking cleaning washing and nursing ; Operations , ,

“
were per formed behind a screen and the cellar served as a morgue , .
There was no trai ning school no sta f f and D r Aneke r attended to the , ,
.
patients to the police surgery o f a y o ung community and to the city and
, ,
county outside S ick Step by step by patient planni ng persistent e f fort

.
, ,
and ti reless exp osition o f its most urgent needs the organization has ,
grown i n three decades to its p resent great proportions addi ng a wing , ,
a b u i l di n g a department as o f ten as means coul d be obtai ned

, .
The St Paul C ity hosp ital i s now the eighth largest general hospi tal I n
.
N orth Ame rica i t i s constantly growing and eac h department as i t is

, ,
added rep resents the most recent advances i n me dical sci ence There . .
is no suggestion o f lavish expenditure o r waste and the e f fort seems to

have been real ized to make every dollar spent p roduce i ts equ ival ent in
perfect cleanliness the most sanitary conditions and materia l o f the best
, ,
quality The grounds w hich are beauti fully kept command near vi ews
.
, ,
o f the M i ssi ssipp i river and its steep blu ff s and are about fiv e ac res in ,
extent The main buil ding i s 400 f eet long w ith large w i ngs and all
.
, ,
buildings are connected by an undergroun d passage The capacity i s . _
now 6 1 5 beds Fi fty five hundred patients receive d treatment in 1 91 0

.
-
representing an i ncrease o f about e igh t hundre d over the p receding year

and requi ri ng a sta ff o f fi fty visiti ng physi cians ninety nurses and many ,
internes .
The newest part o f the hospital p roper is the west wi ng a th ree —story ,
addition i n ope ration about two years and devote d to the women s an d ’
children s wards including the maternity department o f which class o f

, ,
cases there are 400 a year T he operating and sterili zi ng rooms are .
complete and immaculate The l inen i s snowy ; beds and cribs chai rs .
, ,
tables screens an d other necessary furniture whi le severely pl a i ri are o f

, , ,
the best qual ity and chosen with an eye to thei r enduring qual ity The .
wards vary i n si ze f rom those that contai n a single be d to those wi th

eighteen o r twenty No class o f inmates receives more scrupulou s care
“
than the babies Those born i n the hospital can in no sense be calle d
.
patients but are given the best start in l i fe which plenty o f nouri shment
, ,
fresh ai r and sunshine can furni sh .
Most o f the patients cared for here are f ree I t occasionally hap .
pens that a person W i ll ing and able to pay appli es for admi ssion and ,
such a case i s admitted provi de d it does not requ i re such extraordinary

,
care as to i nterfe re with w hat i s due to the free patients As a matter .
o f fact the very great maj ority belong to the indu strial classes laborers
, , ,
artisans domestic servant s who are under normal conditions sel f —

,
sup , , ,
po rting and who o ften have others dep endent upon them St Paul has . .
taken the broad w i se V iew o f thi s enterpri se and the city government has
, ,
invari ably responded generou sly to the applicati ons o f the hospital man
a ge m e n t not only for maintenance but for funds for specific improve
,
ments and additions There 1 3 being built a tw o sto ry laundry 1 00 by 1 05

.
,
feet which will i ncre ase the resources o f the ol d l aundry more than two
,
fol d Three four S tory serv ice buil di ngs are n ext to be built to con
.
-
tain kitchen b akeshop col d storage boxes storeroom s di ning rooms for
, , , ,
nurses o ffi cers a n d help and sleepi ng quarters for about two hundred
, ,
employes .
O TH E R H OSPITA L S A ND S A N ITARIU M S
There are in St Paul a number o f other hos pital s and sanitariums

.
,
about twenty in all both large and smal l for general or speci fic treatment
, , ,
58 2 ST PAU L A N D VI CI N I TY
.
i n part or w holly supporte d by the charge made to patients Among them .
’
may be mentione d St Joseph s a large hosp ital founde d m 1 8 54 an d con
.
,
ducted by the Cathol ics S t L ii k e s an E p i scopali an i nstitution chartered

’
.
, ,
i n 1 8 57 enlarge d i n 1 8 7 3 and i n part mai ntaine d by that denom ination

, ,
the S t Paul German hospital ; the Cobb hospital homeopathic a t Mer

.
, ,
riam Park wi th 2 2 room s and a complete equipment ; the n ew Lutheran

’
hosp ital D ayton s B lu ff ; B ethe sda hosp ital and D eacone ss home a
,
’
M ethodi st unde rtak ing w hich does much charitable wo rk ; the M ounds
Park Sanitarium and Cuenc a Sanitarium for the Treatment o f Tube r
cu lo s i s To the excellent conduct o f these and simila r i nstitutions as
.
,
well as the f ree di spensaries and the high p ro fessional standards o f thei r
me dical sta ff s must in part be ascribe d th e remarkably low death rate
,
The p revalence o f antiseptic c reeds a n d p redigested theology does not

seem to i nterrupt the good w ork o f the c hurche s i n caring fo r man s ’
p hysical wel fare .
S O C I E TI E S A N D H O M E S
The H ebrew s have the only social settlement N eighbo rhoo d House , ,
w hich while i t has a no n —sectarian board w orks p ri ncipally among the

, ,
J ews o f the city There are also the H ebrew Ladies Ai d S ociety and
.
’
the Jewish Rel ie f S ociety work ing along the same gene ral l ines as the ,
Gu ild o f Cathol ic Women ; and the Jew is h H ome fo r the Age d p rovi de s
fo r the needs o f that most helpless element o f soci ety .
The Deutsc he Gesellscha ft i s a German ai d society o f comparatively

recent origin supp orte d by German citi zens o f St Paul and designe d to
, .
,
give ai d p rimarily to thei r ow n countrymen here T he King s D aughte rs .

’ ’
A i d Soci ety i s a strong o rgani zation wi th a large membership w hich does ,
a great deal o f genuinely u se ful intelligent work keeping track o f the , ,
cases that come under its observation and embodyi ng the results i n r e
ports w hich are file d fo r futu re re ference or compar i son O n somewhat .
’
the same o rder i s St Margaret s Guild an active well manage d soc iety
.
, ,
’
connected w ith St John s E pi scopal church Probably every church i n
. .
the c ity has one o r more charitable soci eties i n f ul l operation The Sun .
shine Soci ety i s also well represented i n St Paul a nd does some par .
,
t i c u l a r l y valuable work In e stabli sh ing summe r outing camp s .
The S t Paul branch o f the Needlework Guil d o f A merica i s sub

.
d ivi ded into thirty four di stricts each w ith its ow n p re si dent and sepe
-
,
rate organization w hich obtai ns c o ntributions an d superi ntends the mak

,
i ng o f garm ents and othe r necessary articles for the poor The o ff i cers .
o f the S t Paul soc iety f or 1 91 1 1 2 are : M rs A R M c G i ll p re sident ;

.
-
. . .
,
M rs O B Lew is secretary ; M rs A T M oss treasu re r I t was o r

. . .
,
. . .
,
.
g a n i z e d i n 1 892 Du ring 1 9 1 1 the total numbe r O f garments collected

.
wa s 6 About 1 800 w ere di stributed to needy i ndivi dual s

,
.
The H ome o f the Fr iendl ess Association was organized M ay 2 6 1 867 , ,
unde r the name o f the Ladies Chri stian Union The o fli c e r s o f the soci ety .
were M rs D W I ngersoll presi dent ; M rs F A N obl e M rs G W

. . .
,
. . .
,
. . .
Hamilton M rs D C obb vice presi dents M rs A J R u l i f s o n co rrespon d

, . .
, ,
. . .
,
i ng secretary ; M rs C D Strong recording secretary ; M rs Will iam . .

,
.
Wakefiel d treasure r w i th a board o f manager s consisting o f th i rty S i x

, .
ladi es being th ree f rom each o f the twelve churches repre sented B e
,
.
si de s the lad ie s above named earnest attention to the i nte rests o f the ,
home wa s bgiven i n its earl ier years by M rs Pascal Smith M rs E mily

, , .
,
.
H u n t i n gt o n M ille r M rs Henry A Castle M rs M ary C Flagg M i ss Kate

,
. .
,
. .
,
58 4 S T PAU L A N D VI CI N IT Y
.
ment o f the Poor and the Woman s C hri stian Associati on M L ’

. .
Hutchi ns secretary i s the executive O ffice r D uring the past five years
, , .
cases have been cared f or the cash value O f supp lies and ai d be ing
,
Clo sely afli l i a t e d w i th i t i s the Day N ursery whe re for a ,
nomi nal fee o f fiv e cents a mother c an leave he r chil dren f or the day
,
w hil e she go es out to w ork .
An interesting experiment in w el fare work has recently been inau

gu r a t e d i n connection w ith one o f the largest facto ri es o f the city w here ,
the management are taking special pains to care f or thei r employes T hey .
employ a phi lanthropi c woman a s wel fare worker to study and mi niste r
to the nee ds o f the women empl oye s have an excellent lunch room and ,
restau rant wash room s lavato rie s a n d rest room and make all the pro
, , ,
v i sion possible for the health com fort an d well being o f tho se who work
,
-
fo r them .
P R E V E N TIO N OF T UB E R C U L OSI S
The stu dy o f p ractical m eans fo r the p revention and cu re o f tuber

c u l o s i s 1 5 receiving special attention f rom the St Paul Anti Tuberculosi s .
Committee w hich maintains a corps o f v i siting nu rse s and has w ithi n the
,
last tw o years e stabl ished the C uenca sanitarium fo r curable case s at

Bass Lak e The Ev a Shap iro M emo rial C amp at White B ear L ake was
.
founded by M rs Paul ine Shapi ro to give C hi ld ren o f t u b e r c u l u s par

.
ents o r those who sho w mal nutrition an opportunity fo r an O pen l i fe

, ,
under favorable condi ti ons o f supervi sion a n d nouri shment Other fea .
ture s are the di sp ensary at NO 2 6 West T hi rd street whe re the number.

,
o f case s exam ine d run up i nto the thousands i n a singl e year and a m ost ,
important educational campai g n i ncluding a tuberculosi s exhibit The ,

.
la rgest singl e element i n its financial suppo rt i s Tag day conducted by ,
the women o f St Paul a nd which o n N ovembe r 1 1 9 1 0 an d 1 9 1 1 col

.
, , ,
l e c t e d an aggregate o f over
I t i s po ssible fo r a society o rgani ze d l ike th i s to do pi oneer w ork in
di scovering local conditi ons to help i n poi nting out the most e ff ective
,
manne r to i mprove the se cond itions an d do valuable work along p re

v e n t i v e and educational li nes But all o f thi s i s rendered pain fully
.
waste ful and extravagant i f the community i tsel f re fuses to provi de fo r

,
that most dangerou s o f its citizens the advanced tuberculou s patient ,

.
Such a person i s w ith a few excepti on s i n St Paul compelled to r e

, ,
.
,
ma in i n hi s own home it makes no di ff erence how imp roper i t i s and

, ,
there to die an d leave beh ind him an eve r w i dening ci rcl e o f in fection .
A hou se has been di scovered he re where three generations have de

v e l o p e d tuberculo si s and i n fam il ies com ing un de r the direct care o f the
commi ttee s nu rses seven fam il ie s have had fou r case s ; th ree five case s
’
, , ,
and two fam il ies e ight case s all occurring i n a f ew years The strenuous
, ,
.
e ff orts O f Supt A B An c k e r o f the C i ty H ospital to secu re funds fo r a

. . .
tubercul osi s bu i lding now bi ds fai r to meet w ith success .
’
The Sunshine societie s and women s club s o f the city are ai ding i n a
movement to rai se by subscripti on $ 2 5 000 fo r the Chu rch Home f or the
A ge d on Fuller avenue to enabl e that institution to erect a n e w buil ding
so that the groun d donate d by Joseph E lsinger may be util ized .
Th e wom en o f the Jewi sh and other club s o f the c ity are much i n
t e r e s t e d In the completi on o f the St Paul H eb rew I nstitute and Shelter.
ing Hom e Kentucky an d Fenton streets which i s to serve a s a social

,
.
cente r for the Hebrew di stri ct o n the \Ve st S i de Th e bui lding which .
co st was dedicated i n 1 9 1 1 The Jew ish Rel ie f Society th e St

. ,
.
. ST . PAUL AN D VI CI N I TY 58 5
Paul C ounci l o f Jew ish Women and other clubs o f similar nature are
work ing along the sam e lines w hic h the new hom e i s expected to cover ,
namely the care o f the Jew i sh strangers i n the C ity .
The Uni o n Gospel M i ssion works chiefly among down —an d out men -
p rovi di ng them with tempo rary shelte r and trying to rehabil itate them .
The city furni shes rel ie f i n the fo rm o f fuel or food supplies through its
Board o f Control The State Sol diers Relie f Fund headquarters i n
.
’
St Paul contributes to the fami lies o f sol diers who do not rece ive an
.
,
adequate pension f rom the federal government An important benefi cial .
soc iety for Germans i s the German Ai d Society Thi s organization whose .
,
head i s Hans E Grunow Imperial German consul i n St Paul i s i n con

.
, .
,
stant cooperation w ith the Wil der Charitie s a n d the Rel ie f S ociety and -
prov ides f or the poor or unemployed .
The S alvation Army i s a notable factor i n the C i ty s benevolent en ’
t e r p r i se s I ts i ndustrial home for me n i s a very useful adj unct and its

.
,
rescue home for women does much good The C hu rch home for ol d .
’
and homele s s women has 1 00 inmate s The Young Women s Friendly .
Association founded i n 1 888 the F ree M edical D i spensary found ed i n

,
‘
,
‘
1 896 ; the Newsboys Home the City M i ssion ; The Society fo r Preven
:
tion o f Cruelty the Women S Work E xchange ; the Volunteers o f Amer

i ca ; the Parental School for Boys ; the Sw iss Benevolent Society ; the
’
Women s Ch ri stian Temperance Union ; in addition to the numerou s
Catholi c societie s el sewhere enumerated al l contribute to the grand ag ,
gr e ga te of rel ie f e xtende d to the needy .
Colored citizens o f S t Paul who have maintained an orphanage and

.
o l d people s home on Randolph and Snelli ng avenue for a numbe r o f

’
years now hope to be able to raise a fun d s u fli c i en t to ena b l e them to

build and maintain a larger an d more modern institu tion The i n s t i t u .
tion i s know n as the Attuck s I ndu strial School and Home and the loca ,
t i on on which the new bui lding i s to be built eventually i s Randolph

street between B rimhal l street and S nelling avenue
,
.
A SSO C IAT E D C HARITI E S

The numbe r and scope o f the associations enumerated S how how
broad and comprehensive the e ff ort has been to meet a n d provi de for
every class o f want and su f fering i n the c ity To guard against over .
lapping and dupl ication pauperization and unwi se gi fts o f money the
, , ,
A ssociated Chari ties o f St Pau l c o operates as far as i t i s perm itted to

.
-
do so w ith all other organizations i nvestigating case s brought to i ts atten ,
tion keeping hi stories o f them advisi ng as to the best form o f rel ie f

, , ,
and making a systematic and conti nuous study o f the general causes pro
d u c i n g mi sery and povert y an d thei r permane nt elimination I ts organized .
charity 1 5 avowedly the un i on o f two o f the m ighti est fo rces 1 n the un i verse ,
law and love — a combination o f charitable impulse a n d sensible action .
The speci al l ines o f di rect work carri ed on by the society f riendly v i si t ,
i ng vi siti ng nurses vi si ting housekeeper lega l ai d and provi dent fund

, , ,
work are all along the li nes o f p r eventi on and education Thi s assoc ia
,
.
tion was f orme d by Rev D r Samuel G Smith and others connecte d . . .

,
w ith the Reli e f S ociety to supplement and systematize its work

, .
A M H E RST H W I LD E R CH ARITY
TH E .
The people o f S t Paul have i n the Wil de r C harity a unique insti

.
, ,
t u t i o n and one w hich wi sely admi ni stere d i s to prove o f great impo r

, ,
586 S T PAU L AN D V I CI N I TY
.
tance I nterest has been lent to the subj ect by the long struggl e w h ich the
.
trustees ha d to gai n possessi on o f the bulk o f the p roperty and the deli ,
berati on w ith w hich thei r plans for its disposition are mature d The .
fund which n o w amounts to about two a n d three —quarter millio n dol

,
lars rep resents p ractically the enti re fortune o f one family now exti nct
, , ,
w hose member s were exceedingly generous i n a quiet and unostentatiou s

way du ring thei r l ives .
Amherst H Wil de r came to St Paul f rom N ew York state w hen a

. .
young man and by activity i n many li nes bu ilt up a large p roperty H e

,
.
die d i n 1 894 an d by hi s w ill le ft

,
to found a co rporati on to be
”
calle d The Amherst H Vy i l d e r Charity the i ncome f rom which should
“
.
’
,
be u sed to fu rni sh rel ie f for the poor si ck aged o r otherw ise needy , ,
people resi ding f rom time to time wi thi n the l im its o f St Paul N i ne . .
years later hi s only chi ld di ed hersel f chi ldless leaving her p roperty , ,
amounting to about i n p ractical ly the same manner the co rp ora ,

“
tion to be calle d The Amherst H Wil der Charity Founded by Cornel ia .
”
Day Wi lde r Appleby I n the same year the only remaining member o f
.
the fam ily M rs Amherst H Wil der also di e d provi ding by her will
, . .
, ,
f or the establi shment o f a thi rd corporation fo r the same general obj ect ,
as the othe r two to be calle d the A H Wil der Charity Foun ded by
, . .
Fanny S Wilde r . H er e state amounting to about a m ill ion and a

.
,
quarter dollars immediately became the subj ect o f l itigation by collateral

,
relatives residing i n Cali fornia and elsewhe re and her w ill was fought ,
by them unsucce ssfully through al l the cou rts to the Sup reme court o f
the Un ited States The will was sustai ne d i n every succe ssive tribunal
. .
The l itigation occup i ed nearly seve n years and twenty lawyers partici ,
pate d i n it I t i s i nteresti ng to learn that the fun d was about

.
larger at the close of the contest than when it began .
When the money w as at last available it was deci ded i n the interest , ,
o f ef ficient management to consoli date t h e three corporations The fund,

.
o riginally le ft by M r Wilde r had been u sed i n acco rdance w ith the terms
.
o f hi s will for about five years and its annual i ncome o f some ap ,
pl ie d to the reli e f o f the poo r over three thousan d cases having been ,
helpe d Permi ssi on o f the court was obta ine d to consol idate the three
.
prope rti es a n d on D ecember I 1 9 1 0 Amherst H Wil de r C harity rep

, , , .
,
resenting the combined estate s commence d its corporate exi stence The ,
.
fund now amounts to yielding a yearly income o f

V icto r M Watkins who had been appointe d trustee unde r the succe s
.
,
sive w ill s became the presi dent o f the new corporation With him were .
associ ated as di rectors John I H Fiel d w ho i s also treasurer ; Charle s . .

,
L Sp encer secretary ; Geo C Powe r p resident o f the Second National

.
,
. .
,
B ank Kenneth Clark p re sident o f the Me rchants National Bank and

, ,
James H Skinne r o f L anph er Skinner

.
,
Co all m en who by thei r ,
.
,
standing and character command the con fidence o f the community The .
o ffi ce o f di recto r i s permanent a n d terminable only by death resign ation . ,
removal f rom S t Paul o r by a court o f competent j u ri sdiction for su f

.
,
fic i e n t cau se The management o f the a ffai rs o f the corpo ration i s

.
vested w holly i n the hands o f the se six m e n and thei r di sc retion i s very
w id e .
T he gene ral pu rpo se s o f the corporation are define d to be : To ai d

an d assi st an d to furni sh charity for the worthy poo r sick aged or other , ,
w i se needy people o f the city o f St Paul or who may be foun d wi thin .

,
the sai d ci ty and who are legitimate O bj ects o f charity w ithout regard ,
CHA PT E R L I I I
S E CR E T A N D FRAT E R N AL ORD E R S
S T PA U L L O DG E NO 3 A F
. A M — F IRST G RA ND LODG E OF M A S O Ns .
, . . . .
— F OR M ATIO N OF G R A N D C HA PT E R R A M — F IRST G R A N D C OU N C I L , . . .
—CO M M A ND E RI E S —P IO N EE R O D D FE LL OWS L O D G Es — E N C A M P M E NT ~
A ND G RA ND LODG E— O T H E R S T P AU L O D D FE LL OW S L o D G Es— M UTUA L .
BE N E FIT S O C I E TY— O D D FE LL OWS B L O C K A ND H O M E— U N IT E D O RD E R

OF D R U ID s K N IG HTS OF P YT H I A s A N C I E N T O RD E R OF U N IT E D
W OR K M E N — O T H E R F RAT E R NA L B ODI E S
Probabl y the fi rst lodge o f Ancient Free an d Accepted Masons o r

ga n i z e d i n M innesota territory w as St Paul Lodge but as charters were .
,
i ssue d to lodges at Sti llwate r and S t Anthony w ith earl ier date s a ffixed .
, ,
St Paul L odge became N o 3 on the o fficial roll

. . .
S T P A U L L ODG E No
. .
3, A F . . A M . .
The St Paul L odge was organize d under di spensation September 8

.
,
1 849 ; c h a r t e r e d b y the Grand L odgeb

o f Ohio October 1 8 52 A L 58 52 , , ,
. .
,
chartered by the G 1 and L o dge o f M i n n e so ta at its organ i zation F e b r u ,
ary 2 3 1 8 53 and recharte red January

, , I n response to call a
number o f membe rs assemble d i n the schoolhouse and resolved to apply
to the grand master o f Ohio for a di spensation T he petition w as si gned .
by B rothers C K Smith Jer H ughes D F B rawley Aaron Goodrich

. .
, . , . .
, ,
Lot Mo ff ett W C Wright Justu s C Ram sey John Co n d e n Albert Tit

, . .
, .
, ,
l ow John Holland L evi S loan and J A A t k i n s i d e The di spensation

, ,
. . .
was granted Augu st 8 1 8 49 appointing B rothe rs C K Sm ith ( terri to rial , , . .
sec retary ) W M ; Jer Hughes S W ; Daniel F B rawle y J W M eet

,
. . .
,
. . .
, . .
ings we re regu larly hel d du ring that and the follow ing year and consi der
able work was done .
The fi rst work done was th e initiation o f Charle s Scott September ,
17 ,
1 8 49 A C harter was granted at the Octobe r session o f th e Grand
.
Lodge o f Ohi o 1 8 52 The fi rst m eeti n g unde r the charte r wa s hel d Janu
, .
ary 24 1 8 53 and the f oll owi ng o ffice rs installed : D F B rawley master ;

, ,
.
,
D W C D u n w e l l and L ot M o ff ett wardens ; J C Ramsey treasu re r ;

. . . .
,
C S Cave secretary ; C P V L ull a n d B W B runson deacons ; C D

. . . . . . . . .
El f e l t scribe J T ruman tyle r

. ,
At the meeting o f January 7 1 8 56
.
,
.
, ,
the l odge i n s t r ri c t e d the maste r to surrende r th e charte r j ewel s etc to ,
the G rand L odge The charter was surrende 1 e d on January 9t h The . .
next day the gran d secretary p re sented a petiti on S igned by fourteen

breth ren for a new lo d ge to be named S t Paul Lodge The same day . .
th e following resoluti on which had been prepared and reported by a c o m .
“
m i t t e e was adopted : Re solved That a charte r be granted fo r the estab
. ,
S T PAU L AND VI CI N ITY
.
58 9
l i s hm en t
o f a new lodge i n St Paul to be named and known as the St .
, .
Paul O dg e N o 3 The j ewels and furniture became the prope rty of

. .
the n c w lodge S t Pau l l o dge retains the numbe r 3 yet in the rol l o f
-
. .
, ,
lodge s it ranks as N o 8 I ts p resent o f ficers are Robert T Gourley . . .

,
W M T P E dwards secretary
. . . .
,
.
F IRST G RA ND L ODG E OF M ASO N S '
The first communication o f the Grand L o dge o f Masons o f M innesota

wa s held i n St Paul February 2 3 1 8 53 i n accordance w ith a resoluti on
.
, , ,
adopte d by each o f the several C hartered lo dge s i n the territory Dele .
gate s from three lodges at St Paul St Anthony and Still water met , .
, .
,
at the lodge room o f St Paul L odge to take such measures as were nec .
e ssary i n o rder to fo rm a Grand L odge The committee was calle d to .
N E\V M A SO N I C TE M P L E
o rder by A T C Pierson o f St Paul L odge and organiz ed by the

. . .
, .
,
a ppoi ntment of A E Ames as president and A T C Pierson as s ee

. .
,
. . .
r etar y Whereupon the follow ing delegates p resented the credentials i n

.
d u e form : From St Paul Lodge D F B rawley master ; D W C D un .

,
. .
, . . .
wel l and Lot Mo ff ett warden s ; Aaron Goo drich and A T C P ierso n , . . .
,
’
past masters From St John s Lo dge at Sti llwater : D r Hoyt proxy
. .
, . .
for F K Bartlett master H N Setzer sen i o r warden ; D B Loomi s

.
, ,
. .
, . .
,
p roxy for Wil liam H olcombe j uni or warden From Cataract L odge at ,
.
S t Anthony : A E Ames master D W Coolbaugh a n d C T Stearns

. . .
, , . . . .
,
w ardens Aaron Goodrich o f St Paul o ff e re d the follow ing re sol u

.
, .
,
“
ti on which was unanimously adopted : Re solved That we p roceed to
, ,
t h e p rel iminarie s fo r the formati on o f a grand lodge by the a ppo m t m en t

o f a committee to draft a consti tution and regulation s for the govern
ment thereo f and that sai d committee be requeste d to repo rt to thi s con
,
v e n t i o n tomorrow The presi dent o f the convention appointed Ju dge

'
Aaron Goodrich o f St Paul L odge H on D B L oomi s o f St John s .

, . . . .
’
L odge Stillwate r and E Case o f Cataract L o dge St Anthony such com

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m i t t ee The committee then adj ourned until nex t day at two o clock
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P M Upon the opening o f the c onvention February 2 4t h a lodge was

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, ,
opened i n the thi rd degree i n due and ancient fo rm The convention .
completed the o rgani zation of a gran d lodge by the election o f grand

O ffice rs for the ensuing year and the follo wing were duly electe d and ,
i nstalled : A E Ame s grand master ; Aaron Goodrich deputy grand

. .
, ,
master ; D F B rawley grand senio r warden ; A Van V o r h e s grand

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,
j unio r warden The Gran d L odge now has j uri sdi ction over 2 53 lodges
. .
The principal o f ficers now are : E A Kling Little Falls grand master ; . .
, ,
W Hayes L ai rd Winona grand treasu re r ; Joh n Fishel St Paul grand

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,
secretary ; Owen M orri s St Paul D G M ,

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. . .
Ancient L andmark Lodge N o 5 w as organized January 5 1 8 54 , .

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The C harte r members we re A T C Pi erson I P Wright A G Chat . . .

, . .
,
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fie l d George L B ecker A T Chamblin James Y Caldwell Henry M or

, .
, . .
,
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,
ri s Reuben Haus George \V B i ddle Charles Rauch P T B radley

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,
Charl es D Fillmo re and A J Morgan The first o fli c e r s w ere A G

. . . . . .
Ch a t fie l d master ; I P Wright seni or warden ; A T C Pie rson j unio r

, . .
, . . .
,
warden The p resent o fficers are : William Di nwo odie maste r ; A P

.
, . .
S wanstrom secretar y and G C Kni spel treasu re r

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Othe r lodge s o f the order i n St Paul are : Summ it Lodge NO 1 63 .

,
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chartered in 1 88 5 B raden L odge No 1 68 charte red i n 1 8 86 ; Shekinah , .

,
L odge West St Paul chartere d 1 8 88 ; M i dway L odge Haml ine char

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t e r e d 1 889 ; M i zpah L odge South St Paul ; Triune L odge M erriam . .

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Park ; Montgome ry and Capital City lodge s .
F OR MATIO N OF G RA N D C H APT E R R A M ,
. . .
A convention for the purpose o f fo rm ing a gran d chapte r o f Royal

Arch M asons f or the state o f Mi n nesota was held at Masonic hall i n , ,
St Paul on Satu rday the 1 7 th day o f D ecembe r A D 1 8 59 at 3

.
, , , . .
,
O clock P M and the following proceedings were ha d : The convention

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wa s call ed to o rder by Compani on A T C Pierson M E H P o f . . .

, . . . .
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M innesota Royal A rch Chapter No 1 o f St Paul an d on m otion Com .

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, ,
panion A E Ames was called to the chai r an d C ompan ion Geo W

. . . .
Pre scott was chosen secreta ry A committee wa s appointe d to dra ft a .
constitution by laws and rules of o rde r to be submitte d to the c o n v e n

,
-
tion Th is report was adopte d and an electi on hel d The follow ing O f
. .
fi c e r s w ere elected and installed : A T C Pi erson G H P ; A E Ames . . .

, . . . . .
,
G S ; William H Skinner G T ; G W Pre scott G S ; Rev D B

. . .
, . . . .
,
. . . . .
K n i c k e r b ac k e r G C ; Geo L B ecker G C H The grand hono rs were

,
. . . .
, . . .
then give n and the grand marshal made proclamation that the most
E xcellent Gran d Chapte r o f M innesota was duly organi zed an d the o f ,
fic e r s thereo f duly installed There are n ow 75 active chapters wi th a .
total membership o f about
F IRST G R A ND C OU N C I L
The first Grand Counc il o f Royal an d Sel ect Masters o f the state o f
M innesota was h eld i n St Paul Decembe r 1 2 1 8 70 when delegates f rom .
, . .
three counci l s met at the hall o f St Paul Counci l NO 1 to take such . . .
m easu re s a s w ere necessary in order to form a Grand Council The .
convention was o rganized by the election o f A E Ames p re si dent and . . . ,
Will iam S Combs s ec r e t a r v A constitution was adopted an d an elec

. . .
592 ST PAUL A N D VI CI N ITY
.
P IO N EE R O D D FE LL OWS LODG E S
The I ndependent Order o f Odd Fellow s gene rously competes wi th ,
the Ma soni c o rders for the palm o f publ ic use fulness an d general po pu
l a r i ty Odd Fell owship sp rang from the human need o f sympathy and
.
help fulness Among the p ioneers who i n early days made Stillwater
.
, ,
the i r home were a number o f O dd Fellows and they determ ined in , ,
the latter part o f 1 84 8 to form a lodge I t was authorized Apri l 2 5 , .

,
1 8 49 a n d finally i nstituted August 1 5 1 849 w ith Sylvanu s Trask H enry

, , , ,
L M oss Charl es K Smith Bushro d \V L ott and L B Wait nearly all

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,
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,
O f whom then we re or a fte rwards became re sidents o f St Paul a s charte r .

,
” “
membe rs Thi s became M i nnesota L odge No I
. . .
I n Augu st 1 849 the Odd Fellow s O f S t Paul j oine d i n an appl ica

, , .
tion for a lodge the charte r o f w hich was granted i n the fall o f that
.
year a n d forwa rde d to Deputy Potts at Galena But be fore he coul d , .
come to St Paul navigation C losed and i t was not u n ti l May 3 1 8 50

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, , ,
that St Paul Lodge NO 2 was i nsti tuted T he charter members were

. . .
B W B runson John Dunshee B W L ott John A n g d i n and J B Cole

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, . . .
Thi s lodge has had a conti nuou s exi stence and its offi ce rs are S R Har . .
pe r N G a n d W H Gei selman R S
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,
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E N C A M P M E N T A ND G RA ND LO DG E
A year later it was deeme d advi sable to secu re an encampment .
Several scarlet degree members fo rwarde d the nece ssary petition to

Gran d Secretary Ri dgely an d i n 1 8 5 1 the charter was i ssued Thi s , .
charte r was subsequently burned and its exact date i s not known Dep , .
u ty G r a n d S i re Potts again vi sited St

_
Paul and Septembe r 1 1 8 5 1 .
, ,
duly i nstituted M innesota E ncampment N o I For si xteen years thi s . .
was the only i n c am pm e n t i n the state and it w as only i n 1 8 7 1 that steps ,
we re taken to o rganize a Grand E ncampment w hen five encampments

were represented There a re now forty two encampments i n the state .
-
.
The convention to form a Grand L odge o f Odd Fellow s in M i nne

sota wa s held i n St Paul Septembe r 6 1 8 52 I t was composed o f the .
, ,
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past grands from M i nnesota Lodge No 1 S t Pau l N o 2 and H ennepi n .

, . .
L odge No 4 The conventi on was organi ze d by the electio n o f P G

. . . .
Tra sk o f NO 1 as pre si dent and P G B runson o f NO 2 as secretary

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The foll ow ing named past grands took thei r seats as the representative s
f rom the several lodges : From M innesota Lodge No I Sylvanus T rask .
, ,
D B Loomi s W C Penny George W Battles and N Greene Wilcox ;

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,
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f rom St Paul Lodge No 2 B W L ott Com fort Barnes B W B run

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, , . .
son and S W Walker Resolution s we re passed to take prope r steps

. . .
and f rame a petition to obtain a charter f rom the R W G L o f the . . . .
Uni ted State s which was done and the convention adj ourned si ne di e
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.
On May 5 1 8 53 repre sentatives met to attend the i nstituti on o f the

. .
Grand Lodge o f M innesota John G Potts was present as i nstalling o f . .
‘
fic e r The Grand L odge then elected and in stalled t he follow ing o fli c e r s
.
and thu s w as duly org ani ze d : N Greene Wi lco x grand master ; B W .

,
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B run son deputy g rand master ; G B Dutton gran d warden ; A B ryant

, . .
,
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g rand secretary ; S W Walke r grand treasu rer The Grand L odge has . .
,
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had a fl ou ri shin g caree r o f fi f ty nine years and now represents su bo r d i -
nate l od g es in all princi p al towns Its o ffice rs now are G M Peter A . . .
Nel son Red Wing ; G S A L B olton St Paul ; G W Wm R Palme r

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,
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,
No r th fie l d .
ST PAUL AN D V I C I N I TY
.
593
O T H E R S T PAU L O D D FE LL OW S L ODG E S .
Germania Lo dge No 1 8 was insti tuted August 2 3 1 867 The foll ow .

, ,
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i ng were the first offi cers and members : John Tho r w o r t h noble grand ; ,
Ben Rose vice grand ; H Habighorst treasurer ; F K n au f t sec retary

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German American Lodge No 58 was i nstituted January 1 0 1 8 77 Its .

, .
first electe d o f ficers were Will iam P orter noble grand ; W H Stormer , .
_
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V G ; C E K n au f t C S ; C F H e n n i g e financial secretary ; F K n au f t
. . . .
, . . . .
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,
treasure r .
"
Union L odge No 48 was instituted January 2 1 1 8 7 5 The follow .
, , .
ing were the c h a r t e r m em b e r s who al so w ere the fi rst o fli c er s : Alexander

'
Wilson P G O W Wimpl er N G ; William M E dgecomb V G ;

,
. . . , . . .
, . .
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J ohn W Wood R S ; H T Sattl er P S
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,
. . . .
, . .
E xcel si or Lodge NO 60 was organized March 2 6 1 87 7 The charter .

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OD D F E LL OW S H O M E N ORTH FI E LD ,
members were R S chi ff man M D John Rem ick Walte r Scott H L

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, , , . .
M ills Thomas Riley George H Smith W H M ead Max W hi tt l es h o f er

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C L Marvin and Fred S t u r n ey k The first o fli c e r s o f the lodge we re

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H L M ill s N G ; W G M ead V G John Remick R S ; Thos Riley

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, . .
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,
P S ; Max W h i l l te s ho f er T The growth o f thi s lodge was unparal leled

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in the hi story o f the o rder o f thi s state I t soon numbe re d ove r two hu n .
dred members .
T here are n ow fourteen Od d Fellow s lodges i n St Paul There are . .
al so four encampments and m ili tant associatio ns an d ni ne l o dges o f the ,

“ ” ’
Daughters o f Rebekah the ladie s auxiliary to the I O O F The , . . . .
general relie f committee o f S t Paul cooperate s w ith the lodges . .
M UT UA L BE N E FIT S O C I E TY
’
The M innesota Odd Fellow s Mutual Benefit Society was i ncorporated
i n 1 8 78 The fi rst o fficers were Charles D Strong p resi dent ; E d A
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, . .
Stevens vi ce p res i dent ; D r R Schi ff man secretary ; Robert A Sm ith

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tre asure r and J oseph Be rgfeld D avi d R a m a l ey Augu st E nde S her

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wood H ough R Schi f fman H R B rill H J Strouse J oseph L ew i s

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C D S trong Robert A Smith E dward A Stevens and \V i l l i a m Cheney

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di rectors The general purpo se o f the society i s the i nsurance o f the

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lives o f its mem b e rs upon the plan o f paying to the rep resentative o f
every deceased member a ce rtai n sum to be assessed p ro rata according , ,
to age upon other members o f said corporation

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O DD FE LL OWS B L O C K A ND H O M E
The Odd Fellows o f St Paul have bui lt and own a fine bu si ness block .
at Fi fth an d \ Va b a s h a streets the heart o f the city I ts l o w e r flo o r s are

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devoted to stores and o ffices and the uppe r ones to l odge rooms and pub ,
l i c halls I ts constructi on wa s a notable exhibition o f civ ic enterp ri se

.
at that pe riod thi rty years ago w hich has been fully j usti fied by the
, ,
conveni ences secu re d and by the great inc rease i n the value O f the ,
p roperty .
The M innesota O dd Fellows H ome at No r t h fie l d has always been the

obj ect o f the j u sti fiable pri de and f oste ring care o f the orde r i n th i s c i ty
'
This splendi d benefacti on was inaugurated by laying the corne r stone o f

the ori ginal building June 1 6 1 899 the elaborate ceremonie s bei ng i n , ,
charge o f Hon G S I ves p resi dent o f t h e H o m e and H o n W C Gamble

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gran d master— the fo rmer gentlema n bei ng the originato r and persi stent
advocate o f the enterp ri se .
U N IT E D O R D E R OF D RUIDS
The United Order o f D rui ds was introduce d into the state ( then ter
r i t o r y ) o f M i nne sota Au gu st by the organization o f M inne
,
sota Grove NO 1 and was i nstitute d by y S E Burkhard as the di strict

.
, . .
deputy G A o f the Grand Grove o f the U n i t e d States wi th eleven char

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ter members Wa shington N o 2 o f Watertown was organize d w ith

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eleven charte r membe rs Schille r Grove N o 3 was i nstituted Septembe r . .
1 6 1 8 69 by J
,
P L e itner No rth Star Grove N o 4 was organize d Sep
, . . . .
tember 1 0 1 8 70 w ith twenty three cha rter members and was the fi rst
, ,
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grove to wo rk i n the E ngl ish language in the state St Pau l Grove N o . . .
7 was o rganize d by members o f N orth Star Grove N o 4 June 2 8 1 8 73 .

, , ,
with seventeen C harter membe rs and was i nsti tute d by S L Pollock , . .
” “ “
N G A There are now five Grove s a n d o n e Royal Ci rcle ( ladie s
. . .
auxil iary ) i n St Paul The Grand Grove of the state has its h ea d q u a r
. .
ters i n thi s city .
K N IGH TS OF P YT H IA S
Champi on L odge N o 1 3 Knights o f Pythias was i nsti tute d P ebru .
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ary 1 7 1 8 77 w ith si xty one charter members There are no w S t Paul

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L odge N o 2 and O k o d a Lodge No 9 There are also the Grand Lo dge

. . .
o f the State ; the Bu reau o f Tran sient Relie f ; the hea dquarters o f the
Uni formed Rank ; section s o f i nsurance and endowment rank ; the i m
perial council and a temple o f Pythian Si sters— al l connected w i th th i s
aggressive an d b e n e fic e n t o rder .
A N C I E NT O RD E R OF U N IT E D
The Ancient Orde r o f United Wo rkmen wa s e stabl i she d i n S t Paul .
by the o rganizatio n i n 1 8 7 6 o f Nobl e L odge No 2 and Frankl in Lodge .
N o 3 These we re consol idated a few years late r into Noble Frankl in

. .
596 ST PAU L A N D V I CI N I TY
.
Paul by one o r more local societie s and in many case s by the offi ce rs o f
state or national o rgan izations : Am e rican Yeomen ; Cou rt o f H ono r ;
Faith ful Catholic Shepherds ; Frate rnal Orde r o f E agles ; United Order
O f Od d Fellow s ( colored ) ; Imp roved O rde r o f Re d M en ; Knights o f
C olumbus ; Knights and L adies o f the M accabees ; L oyal Order o f Moose ;
M odern B rotherhood o f Ame rica ; M ode rn Samaritans ; Mystic Work
e rs o f the Worl d ; National Protective L egio n ; National Uni on ; L oyal
American s ; Order o f Owls ; Sons o f Denmark ; Sons and Daughters o f
N orway ; S ons o f St Geo rge ; Tribe o f Ben Hu r ; Unite d Commercial
.
T ravel ers ; and si x independent temperance soci eties .
A large maj ority o f the se fraternal orders have besi de s thei r system s
,
o f imm ediate rel ie f to needy members a n endowment or insurance f ea

,
ture adapted to the l imite d financial resources o f wage earners These

,
.
i ndemnity sections have been brought withi n the j uri sdiction o f the state
department and undergo a care ful supervi sion They con stitute an a t
,
.
tractive savings system an encouragement to thri ft and a provi sion fo r

,
the family against the illness or death o f the breadwinne r M ost o f them
.
have been j udiciously manage d and the total amount o f indemnity funds
d istributed among the beneficiari es every year i s a valuabl e contri bution
to the wel fare o f the community .
CH A PT E R L IV
MU SI C AL A ND S O CIA L ORGA N I Z AT IO N S
O LD S T P A U L M USI C A L S O C I E TY— S I NG I N G S O C I E TI E S — S T P AU L S YM
. .
P H ON Y O RCH E STRA— M R S F H S N YD E R— T H E S C H UB E RT C L U B . . .
P OPU L AR M USI C A L EDU C ATIO N— S O C IA L C L UBS— C O M M E R C IA L O R

GA N I Z ATI O N S
An enthusiastic partiality fo r mu sical entertainments and for musica l

cultu re has always been a characteri stic o f St Paul people So w i dely . .
has thi s chara c teri stic been recognized throughout the country that many
times thi s city has been held up as an example for the imitation o f o thers
with far greater population and arti stic pretensions While the libera l .
scope o f the purposes o f the St Paul I nstitute includes musical culture .
i n i ts curriculum that feature has not as yet become prominent Pen d

, , ,
.
ing i ts assumption o f the pleasing responsi bility many exi sting organi za ,
tions consecrated to thi s art have along di ff erent l ines w rought success , ,
fully for its advancement .
O LD S T . P AU L M USI C A L S O C I E TY
The ol d St Paul Mu sical Soci ety was lo n g one o f the cheri shed l o Cal
.
institutions w ith a state wide reputation whose seri es o f w inte r enter

,
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“
t a i n m e n t s during ma ny successive years rivaled the popular l ibrary lec ,
”
ture courses as a perennial attraction Thi s soci ety was organized i n .
October 1 8 62 and gave its fi rst concert D ecember 2 8 o f that year at

. ,
Ingersoll s Hall The soloi sts o f that concert were G H ancke C Z en

’
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, .
zi ns and Frank Wood Among the members W h o for twenty fiv e years

.
-
or more kept up the intere st and participated i n the performances we re

George Seibert Richard s Go rdon D r T D S imonton C harl es Sche ff er
"
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R C Munger Charles E R i tt en h o u s e S P J e n n i s OIi and ma ny oth ers

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. . . .
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equally prominent i n p rofe ssi onal and busi ness ci rc l es .
S I NGI N G S O C I E TI E S
The St Pau l L iederkranz a German S inging soci ety was o rganized

.
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on the 2 3 d o f N ovember 1 867 by the foll owi ng gentlemen : Jo seph Moo s

, ,
brugger C arl Rapp Joseph Sau sen Joseph D ei r i n g George Rei s John
, , , , ,
Wagener N ick Ch ri stophe John Wagener J r Anton H o en l e B O r

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th au s Frank Roehler H H M iller John S c hil l o Adam P etsch an d

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Joseph Hermann Fi rst o f ficers o f the s oci ety : H H M ill er preside n t

. . .
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George Rei s vice p resident Jacob Moosbrugger sec retary ; J ohn Wage
, , ,
ner treasurer Under the l eadershi p o f M ich E sch the soc i ety r eceived
,
. .
,
the first prize at the State S ae n g e r f e s t hel d at M inneapoli s I n 1 8 70 The .

598 S T PAU L AN D VI CI N I TY
.
p rize was also awarded to the society at the State S a e n ge r f es t hel d at

Sti llwate r i n 1 8 77 under the directi on o f the leader J T Kerke r I n
, , , . . .
1 8 7 3 the society p rocured a ve ry fine banner made o f w hite an d blue silk , .
I t was embroi dered i n N ew York and was con si dere d the finest banner in
M innesota The soci ety pai d $2 50 fo r the same Combi ned w ith the
. .
male choru s o f 2 5 voice s was a m i xe d cho ru s consisting o f 2 8 young

la dies A fte r a highly succe ss ful career the L iederkranz was disbanded
.
,
i n 1 8 82 and its membership was merged i nto othe r associations still exi st ,
mg .
Concordi a Ge rman S inging Soc iety was organ ized January 1 0 1 87 5 ; ,
its obj ect i s soci al i ntercou rse among its members an d mutual improve ,
ment i n vocal music The founder s w ere Frank Werne r W Weis s .

, . .
August Hammer Jul ius Schneider E d P en s h o r n Pete r Th a u w al d T

, , .
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Rohland F Roeme r H ermann Schnelle John Ipps Robert Schnelle C

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S achse C Schmi dt Robert L u f s k y Wi lliam G ei s e n h ey n e r a n d H enry

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N iemeye r the last named bei ng the fi rst d i recto r o f the soci ety Fo r
, .
“
twenty S i x years the Conco rdia was unde r the di recti on o f the same
-
pro fesso r L W Harm sen ,

. . .
Arion S inging So ciety was organi ze d Januar y 1 1 87 7 w ith nineteen , ,
members a n d was incorporated in 1 88 1 , The O bj ect o f the society i s the .
cultivati on o f th e voice and practice o f vocal musi c Also to p rovi de .
social and mu sica l entertainments fo r its m embers an d thei r fam il ie s and

friends S eventeen ene rgetic young m e n were the f ounders an d thi s i s
.
,
the l ist o f the o riginal Offi cers : Hei nrich Thielen p resi dent ; Fri tz Ben ,
de r vice p resi dent ; Joseph Hassler secretary ; Carl H il debrandt treas

, , ,
u t er ; Franz G r i eb l e r di recto r At the s a en g e r f es t i n 1 8 7 9 in M i nne ,

.
a p o l i s the A rion received the first p ri ze

,
The socie ty i s now under the .
d i r ecti on o f Pro f Paul Z umbach . .
T he Mozart Club was founded i n the spring o f 1 895 by Pete r Joseph

Giesen one o f the p ioneer Ge rman re si dents of S t Paul and the ol dest
,
.
active singe r i n the northwest Giesen founded the society afte r a s u c .
”
c e s s f u l p roduction o f the opera Z ar u n d Z immermann The club made .
“
the former Turnhalle its headquar ters bapti zing i t M ozart hal l The ,
.
fi rst o f ficers were P J Giesen honorary pre si dent ; E m il T raeger p res . .

, ,
i dent ; A J Lu t sky secretary ; F Werne r treasurer an d P ro f Maenner

. .
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d i recto r Papa Gi e sen i s still the head o f the organi zation and active
.
,
as ever .
“
The United Singers o f St Paul which comp ri se s five leading S t .
,
.
Paul sin gi ng soc ieties was o rgani zed March 2 4 1 907 Its p rincipal pu r , , .
pose i s to appear i n large and repre sentative numbe rs at all great musical
occasi ons Follow ing are the soci eti es bel onging to the United S ingers
.
o f St Paul : Arion ; Mozart Club ; E i ntracht ; L iederta fel of North S t

. .
Paul and We st Si de Liedertafel The fi rst O ffice rs were : Otto W Roh

,
. .
land p resi dent ; Wil liam Conradi V ice presi dent ; C F T rettin sec retary
,
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,
. .
, ,
and Anton G l e i s s n e r treasurer , .
The United Singers took an active part i n the fe stiviti es attending the
dedication o f the Au di torium The organi zation was also represented .
by an active delegation at the unvei l in g o f the Sch ille r m onument at Como

Park unde r th e leadership o f Pro f Claude M adden The United Sing
,
. .
ers p artici p ate d i n the various festivities at the Auditorium during fai r
week 1 908 and take p a rt i n t h e cel ebrati ons o f the annual German days
,
i n St Paul L ast yea r the society went in a body to Omaha on the i n

v i ta t i o n o f th e Commercial Club and othe r assoc i ati ons o f th i s city
.
and ,
were su cce ssful in p rocuring the s a e n ge r f e s t o f 1 9 1 2 f or S t Paul— a .

600 ST PAU L A N D V I CI N ITY
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in i ts best phases At its installatio n S h e was business manager o f the

.
symphony orch estra but reli nqui she d the o f fice later to devote he r time
,
exclusively to managing the other numerou s events which go to make

’
up a city s full musical li fe I n Apri l 1 9 1 0 she unde rtook the most i m .
, ,
portant venture o f her local ca reer namely the booking o f the M etro , ,
pol itan Ope ra Company o f N ew York for S i x performances i n S t Paul . .
And here the importance o f the Audito rium as an adj unct to musical
”
activity made itsel f fel t The operas given were L ohengri n M adam
.
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,
“
” ” “ ” ”
H a e n s e l and G retel
“ “
Butterfly , Aifa Pagliacci and The Ba r , , ,
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t e r e d B ride under the di rection o f Artu ro Tosca nini Financially and
, .
a rti stically the brie f season was a n immense success and a season o f ,
O pera for the followi ng yea r was p ractically assure d at that time Sub .
sequently came the establ is hm ent o f permanent grand opera in Chicago ,
a n d i t wa s from Chicago that thi s ci ty ha d i ts season o f opera i n Janua ry ,
1 91 1 when under the baton o f Cl e o f o n t e C ampanini five per formance s

, , ,
” ” ” “
we re given i ncluding Thais , Tales f rom Ho ff man C armen
“
The ,
“
,
“
” ”
Gi rl o f the Gol den West an d Louise A bri lli ant close to the se ries .
was the c oncert i n wh ich the enti re cho rus o f the company several o f the ,
principal s and the o rchestra unde r Campanin i participated

, .
TH E S C H UB E RT C L UB
The whole ci ty is fi lle d w ith adm i ring app reciatio n o f the work done
by the S chubert Club composed enti rely o f women i n promoting the , ,
mu sical culture o f the people Wi th a membe rsh ip o f four hundred i t .

,
a im s not only to give fortnightly recital s w i th occasional special conce rts ,
f or the e xplo iti ng o f outsi de and di sting uishe d talent but mai ntai n s a ,
student section f rom w hich many gi fte d young women have been chosen
a n d sent abroad for tuition For a quarter o f a centu ry th i s club has hel d .
t h e C ity true to th e mu sical compass I t has uni ted musician s f rom eve r y .
quarte r in promoting the musical i ntere sts o f the city an d i t has united ,
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t hem i n that democ ratic sympathy which mu st always su stain mu sic i f

a n y true signi ficance i s to pe rtai n I t has neve r hel d other than the highest .
standard s ; i f St Paul i s as all music ians f rom abroad declare one o f

.
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the mo st musical communitie s i n the country i t i s largely becau se thi s ,
c lub has establ i she d c ritical stan dards for i tsel f fo r the city and has , ,
been di scriminating at all times a n d appre ciative at the right time .
The offi cers o f the Schubert Club for 1 9 1 1 1 2 are : Pre sident M rs -
. .
W S B riggs ; vice pre si dent M rs C E Furne ss ; recordi ng secretary

. .
, . . . ,
M rs F S Blodgett ; assi stant recording sec retary A F Goodrich ; c o r

. . .
, . .
responding secretary M i ss Ge rtrude H all ; assi stant co rrespond ing sec

,
r e t a r y M rs M D Munn ; trea sure r Mi ss Co rnel ia L usk ; l ibrarian M rs

, . . .
, ,
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J W Thompson ; a ssi stant l ibrarian M i s s E lsi e M Shawe ; federation

. . ,
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secretary M rs D S E ll i ott ; gue st secretary M rs Benj ami n Gorham

,
. . .
, . .
P OPU L AR M USI C A L EDU C ATION
Another phase o f St Paul s mu sical situati on i s that o f mu sical train .

’
ing i n the publi c school s For a numbe r O f years it ha s been i n charge .
o f M i ss E l si e M Shawe who has becom e known th roughout t h e c o u n t r y

.
_
as a remarkably abl e supervi so r a fact i n testimony o f which i s h er elec ,
tion as presi dent o f the mu sic section o f the National E ducational A SSO
c i at i o n .
Am ong the many smalle r bodie s o f mu sician s may be menti oned th e

.
601
string quartet composed o f members o f the Symphony Orchestra w hich ,
gave a seri es o f S i x fortnightly recitals last w i nter and although the i r ,
program s contai ned chamber musi c o f the strictly classical sort there ,
never was any di f ficulty in filling the hall St Paul boasts at least four . .
col leges and schools o f music ; numerous vocal and instrumental quartets ,
and a long li st o f teachers many o f them with wi de reputations , .
I f the purposes o f its chie fypromoters are fulfilled the free student ,
bureau j ust organized by the Schubert Club w ill be the entering wedge
of a new musical era i n thi s part o f the country and finally in all Am , ,
erica The obj ect o f the bureau i s to m eet the demands for recital s and
.
conce rts thro ughout the state and secure for the mu sicians enrolle d i n
the b u reau opportunities for semi p ro fessional work I n a large sense
,
-
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it w ill be club work to borrow a t e rm from u niversi ty extension The

,
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scheme embodies a more i ntimate relationship between the musicians

and the clubs Wi thout the sound o f trumpets rather with a steady o rga n
.
,
p oi nt ,
does the Schubert C lub continue its w ork and al l the community ,
i s e ff ecte d by the overtone s

The Sunday a fternoon concerts given by the Sy m
.
phony O rchestra at ,
the Au ditorium are a highly appreciated feature The l ibrary o f the .
orchestra i s rich w ith musical works which h ave end ea red themselves to
the public in the same way whereby a popular song become s common p rop
er ty o f the singi ng multitude No one who attends these afternoon con .
ce rts need suspect that he w ill be called upon to l i sten to music which ,
by its discordant notes w ill wi de n the hori zon of horror and add to the
,
aggregate o f despai r H e w ill have an opportunity to l isten to musi c

.
w hich is familiar Whether these concerts are attended for p l easure o r

.
for education the program can be depende d upon ; and musicians and
,
the merely musical can be certain o f that beloved popular music whi ch , ,
l ike nonsens e now an d then i s reli shed by the best o f men St Paul has
“
, . .
an opportunity to gathe r i n great numbers at an hour which i s generally

vo id o f other engagement and make these concerts a trib ute to good ,
music and to the organization which i s so capable o f givi ng good music

,
.
The pricele ss value of the Auditorium in a ff ording opportunities for ,
t h e musical culture o f all the peopl e i s l ess fully app reciated by our citi ,
zens than by O bservi ng vi sitors Speaking o f thi s gr eat institution the

,
.
,
p resi dent o f the Southe rn Cali fornia Music Teachers Association so

’
,
“
j o u r n i n g fo r a f ew days i n St Paul said to a reporter I t might be .
, ,
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the means o f e ducating the great mass o f the peopl e along any li nes you
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wi sh but you don t take advantage o f i t any more than does any other
,
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American city I f you d run it l ike any busi ness i f you d go to the peo
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,
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p l e and say Here we want to make some money We l l give you fi ne
,
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,
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concerts at ten an d fi fteen cents admission an d w e ll u s e the money to ,
pay t he i ntere st on the inves tment and in S pending it so we can give the
c i ty better music better art bette r p ictu res l ittle bits o f statuary for the
, , ,
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parks and such thi ngs ; you d be usi ng i t right The common people o f .
Am e r l c a are the ones who are going to make the art an d the m us i c o f thi s
nation not the few wealthy people and w hen a city can get thi s class o f
, ,
people spen ding a f ew cents each w eek in its au ditorium the art and ,
”
musical education o f the American people i s assured .
The openin g o f a musi c school at the Neighborhoo d House by the

S chubert C lub i s an undertaking characteristic o f the club Probably i n .
no part o f the ci ty has the opportunity for music study been so l imited .
C ertainly I n no part o f the city i s mus i c bette r appreciate d I t I S l argely .
a forei gn population and one o f much energy and ambition which centers
,
602 ST PAU L AN D VI CI N ITY
.
about the N eighborhood House In the public school s n ear that locality .
it i s recognized that music i s the fi rst study the c hi ldren del ight i n or
comprehend ; it i s the language they c a n understand and sp eak be fo re
they have lost the accent o f the i r mothe r tongue Among the adult re si .
dents a similar delight i s felt i n music a sim ilar consciousne ss that here ,
i s somethi ng which is the sam e i n America a s i n the ol d country As a .
“ ”
means i n natu rali zation music holds an impo rtant place The S chubert
, .
Club has commande d the se rvices O f a number o f excellent teachers for

the school at the N eighborhood House These teachers fin d that no othe r .
pup il s reward them more abundantly .
’
That a recognition o f S t Paul s eminence in musi cal culture has pene.
f r at e d even i nto N ew E nglan d i s shown by comments o f the reliable and

conservative S pr i n gfie l d R epu bl i c a n as follow s :
,
L ast year “
St Paul spent fo r musi c over

. O f thi s went f or the
local orchestra ; grand opera took T he larger concerts cost
an d minor receipts account f or the remai ning $ 500 It i s an ex .
c e l l e n t show ing I s there an eastern town that c an match it ? I n S t

. .
Paul o f course a s elsewhere the bu rden fal ls upon a mi nority T he

, , , .
numbe r o f mu si c lovers i s e stimate d at which woul d make the

share o f each Fo r thi s o n e may buy a numbe r o f tickets though ,
not so many as a musi c lover woul d li ke B ut i s a large proportion . .
By the same ratio N ew York should have nearly 1 90 000 wh ich i s far , ,
i n excess of the fact The exp endi tures o f N ew York for mu sic as for
.
,
a l l other luxuries i s eno rmous does it come to S i xty cents per cap ita or
, , ,
a season ? Whatever the total i t devolves upon a relatively ,
small grou p— o pera at prices far beyond the pu rse o f the multitu de ac
counts for a large part In St Paul as i n many w estern mu sical towns
. .
, ,
patronage seem s o f a sane and wi dely di ff u sed character which speaks ,

”
well for the state o f cultu re .
S O C I AL C L UBS
The oldest a n d most important o f the social clubs o f S t Paul i s the .
M innesota Club organized in 1 87 0 by the p rom inent citi zens o f that day
, ,
and maintaining a p rosperous career f rom the begi nning I ts fi rst home .
was in the former Bartlett Pre sley mansion on E ighth street near Sib ,
ley In 1 880 the building specially constructed f or i t at the corne r o f

.
, ,
Fourth and Cedar streets was occup ied I t has si nce been enlarged but .
,
has been outgrown .
Late i n 1 9 1 1 the M innesota Club defi nitely deci ded to buil d in 1 9 1 3 , ,
a new club house o n the ol d Metropoli tan hotel site The club fu rther .
more gave the governing board ful l p ower to act Th e members o f the .
board are Jule M Hannaford Theo dore A Schul ze John Tow nsend
.
,
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, ,
H a l d o r S n e v e John J Watson Arthu r B Dri scoll Robert I F arrington

,
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,
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George L Bunn Jare d How E dward N Saunde rs Frank Schl ick Charles
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\V Ame s Ch a r l e s W Gordon John N Jackson C harl es W Bunn

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, . ,
James T Clark Jame s J H ill Chri stophe r D O B r i e n Pierce Butler

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, . , .
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Jam es H Skinner a n i Frederick B L ynch

. . .
Th e M i nne sota Club bought the Metropol itan hotel i n 1 909 for $ 54
000 I ts f rontage s are 1 98 feet o n Washi ngton street 7 6 on Thi rd and
. ,
1 00 feet on Fourth The n ew club hou se w ill occupy thi s enti re a rea a n d
.
will cost approximately $ 1 50 000 The money wi ll be rai sed by the sal e ,
.
o f bonds to members o f th e club an d the sale o f the p resent site whi ch ,
has a market value O f about The member s o f the club have r e

604 ST PAUL A N D VI CI N I TY
.
pe r i ty J A L agerman i s p resi dent ; S B M olande r secretary and

. . . . .
,
\ i c t0 1 E ngeman treasure r , .
The Unive rsity Club now located o n Western avenue corner o f Ash ,
land avenue i s buil ding new qua rte rs o n Summi t avenue at the head o f
, ,
Ramsey street I t i s a V igorous organization o f young men P resident

. .
,
E A Young J r ; s ec r e t a r y E K Brennan
The E lks Club has a fie
. . .
.
, , .
I ne w bui lding o n Rice Pa rk

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, .
The White Bear Yacht Club o f St Paul mai ntains a club house at .
Dellwood and the large fl eet o f yachts a n d launche s owne d by its mem
,
bers engage i n many sp i rite d co nte sts during the boating season Com .
m o d o r e O L Taylor ; v ice commodo re J G O rdway ; secretary C W

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. . . .
, , . .
Grigg g
TheWe st Si de Club i s located at the corne r o f State a n d Congre ss
streets G F D i x p re sident ; W S Wright secretary ; H e n r y M
. . . l arti n , . .
, ,
treasurer .
M usical clubs literary clubs church clubs and womens clubs are , ,
’
enume rated i n app ropriate chapters o f thi s wo rk The two leading per .
manent poli tical clubs both Republ ican are the Roosevelt and the Li n ,
coln .
The Ram sey county A f ro American C lub and the Colo red Gopher -
Base Ball Club rep resent the colore d element ,

.
Other clubs w ith more o r le ss social activities o r devoted to athl eti cs

, , ,
spo rts a n d other di ve rsions are : I nglesi de C lub ; H igh School Teachers
C lub ; Bookkeepers Club ; West Publi shing Company E mploye s Club ; ’
Humo r B owl ing Club ; I sland Pass Club ; Mohaw k La Cro sse Club ; N or
w e g i a n Club ; Nu s hk a Cu rl ing Club ; St Paul Chess and Whist Club ; St
'
. .
Paul L a Crosse Club ; S t Paul Rod and Gun Club and the Transpo rta .
tion Club .
S O C IA L FE ATUR E S OF C O M M E R C IA L C L UBS
E arly in 1 9 1 2 th e United A ssoci ation o f C omme rcial Travelle rs r e

,
moved from the quarte rs i n the L ow ry buil ding which it had occupied four
years to the Ry an H otel I n thi s el i gi ble po sition the
,
membe rs .
,
o f th i s w ide —awake an d aggressive organi zation p rosecuted i ts numerous

activities w hile maintaini ng some o f the attributes of club l i fe Th i s was
,
.
p rel iminary to the purchase and fitti ng up o f the permanent home i n the
Harri s resi dence prope rty 1 1 7 College avenue occupi ed as a lo dge hall , , ,
o f fice s and club rooms i n September 1 9 1 2 Thi s new home i s consi dere d ,
.
one o f the mo st desi rabl e pieces o f club property in St Paul The hou se . .
i s w ell built and elaborately fi ni shed i nside On the fi rst fl oor the ceil .
ings are twelve feet high and eleven feet on the second fl oor There are .
eight fire places The hou se i s so arrange d on the fi rst floo r that double
.
doo rs can be thrown open and the enti re floo r made into one room The .
ground s su rroundi ng the new home are surmounte d w ith L ake Supe rior
red sand stone and covered w ith tree s and shrubbe ry A cement drive .
way lead s to a si de entrance to the h ou se The location i s near the .
street railway and only a few moments wal k f rom the downtown di s ’
tri e t The St Paul lodge was o rgani zed Decembe r 2 8 1 893 with twenty
. .
, ,
charter members I t now has a membersh ip o f in good standing

. .
The St Paul Commercial C lub by i ts cl oser a ffiliation with the A sso

. ,
c i a t i o n o f Comme rce wi ll doubtless 1 n the futu re devote even more atten ,
tion t han i n the past to i ts social and gast ronomic f e at u 1 e s \V i t h an ,

.
i ncrea se o f ove r 300 members late i n 1 9 1 1 and a removal to splendi d ,

ST PAUL A ND V I CI N I TY
.
605
quarters in the new building b

at Fourth and Wabasha streets Septembe r ,
1 91 2 , the Commercial Club enters upon an enlarged sphere o f useful

ness as to those features which must increasingly emphasize its value to
the ci ty and the state .
The headquarters o f the Club on the eleventh and twel fth floo rs o f ,
’
the latest o f St Paul s O f fice bui ldings are among the most complete
.
,
i n the West The mai n banquet room i s i n the southwest section o f the
.
eleventh floo r I t is fini shed in dull green and the sc heme o f illumi natio n
.
i s beauti ful w ith pedestal an d inverte d ceiling l ights .
A p retty tea room i s p repared for the ladies I t i s white and decorated .
in the Japane se e f fect A room adj oini ng the banquet room o n the no rth
.
w il l be the main library and i s finishe d in dul l Spani sh l eather .
The lobby i s fini she d in what i s known as ivory trimmed with si lver ,
gray w ith the i nverted li ghts N orth o f the lobby o n the eleventh floor
, .
i s anothe r p retty room fini she d i n Loui s XIV style to be use d for a recep
tion room for v isiting women .
I n the northeast section o f the eleventh floor i s the rest room for the
members Thi s i s a com fortable room fo r lounging I n the south ea st
. .
section o f thi s floor i s the card room w ith paneled wall s and subdued
decorations .
The twel fth fl oor i s occupied by the main di ning room in the west ,
en d of the building O n the south side o f the room are three smaller ro o ms
.
div ided by rolli ng doors so that they may be used for private partie s o r
,
may be throw n O pen to connect w ith the main room i n case o f necessity .
On the north si de o f the room are five stal ls which may be use d fo r the
same purpose .
The billiard room occupies the east section o f the floor on the north
side and contai ns ten tables The k i tc h e s is o n the south si de o f the
.
twel fth floor and is a model o f i ts kind both for equipment and fo r sani ,
tary arrangements There are electric elevators one o f w hich w ill be

.
,
used for express service during rush hours .
A single i ncident may be given as illustrating one measure o f the

’
use fulness o f the club s social functions M r C al S Stone chai rman . . . .
,
of the local committee on entertainment fo r the national conventi on o f

general passenge r agents o f railways wrote the fol lowing a fter r ec ei v , ,
ing more than fi fty letters f rom the vi sitors all speaking in the highest
terms o f thei r entertainment and praisi ng St Paul as an i deal place i n
,
.
wh ich to hol d conventions Thi s in itsel f i s i mport ant as the se men are
.
very prominent in routing and di recting touri sts a n d convention travel :
St Paul Nov
.
, . 1 3, 1 91 1 .
W L SEE L E Y Secretary
. .
, ,
“
D ear Si r —O n behal f o f the local committee i n charge o f the arrange
ments and entertainment of the General Passenger Agents Association ,
upon the occasion of thei r annual conventio n i n th is city i n September ,
I w ish to thank you and the o fli c er s o f your club for the assi stance ex
tende d to the local committee Th e conventi on was a grand success and
.
I beg to submit to you some o f the letters received f rom our gue sts
'
They certainly appreciate the e ff orts o f the citi zens o f St Paul to make .
thei r vi sit a pleasant memory Agai n thanking the Com m ercial Club .
,
its offi cers and members for thei r great assistance I am wi th pro found , ,
gratitude and high appreciation Yours sincerely , ,
CAL E S TO N E . .
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’
B en Johnson s definition of a club given many gene rations since as
, ,
”
a company o f good f ellows meeting unde r certai n conditions accur
, ,
ately appl ies to several o f the loyal and hosp itabl e o rganizati ons o f St .
Paul a n d to none mo re so than to the Commercial Club w hich i n its

, ,
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social functions contributes to the best exp ressions o f the city s aspira
tions an d i deal s
.
608 S T PAU L A N D VI C I N ITY
.
rolled i n th e active companie s The number o f men w ho w oul d have .
responded to a call fo r a n y duty was doubtless conside rably le ss than ,
the numbe r o f fi eld and other commi ssioned o fficers The organization .
was merely a fo rm without l i fe substance or capacity f or anyth ing

, ,
beyond the wi thdra w al o f arm s and publ ic p roperty from the arsenal
and placi ng i t be y ond the reach o f the state o f ficers .
The early legi slators o f the country had learned from h i story and
observation that stand ing arm ie s had l ittle sympathy w ith the mass o f
the people and easily became the instrument o f opp ressi on i n the hands
o f unsc rupulous public O ffi cials The theory then adopte d was to leave .
the m ilitary powe r w ith the peopl e so that the a rmies o f the country , ,
coming f rom them and being a part o f them would ac t i n concert wi th ,
them an d n o t becom e the instruments of oppres si on But thi s theory .
carried to an extreme th rough negl igence and i nattention o f state au t h o r i

,
ties found the people o f M inne sota on the occu rrence o f the great emer ,
geney o f civil war p ractically powe rless to meet it w ith a n y organi zed
,
force Through the energy of Governo r Ale xander Ram sey and hi s
.
ad j utant general John B Sanbo rn the eme rgency was met n o t w i t h

,
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standing the de fective laws and the p rocess o f organi zing voluntee r c o m
,
pa n i es and regiments ab i nitio went rapi dly forward as narrated i n the

chapter devoted to that subj ect M eantime Gene ral Sanborn a n able .
, ,
and in du striou s St Paul l awyer prepared a new mil iti a law an d r ec o m

.
,
mende d that t h e Governor call the attention o f the L egislature to the

matte r submitti ng the dra ft thu s prepared a s the foundation fo r enti rely
,
new legi slati on on the subj ect .
’
The L egi slature emasculated General Sanborn s proposed enactment ,
and n o really e ff ective l aw for a m il itia organi zation was put on the
.
st atute book s for mo re than twenty years D uri ng the S ioux outbreak .
o f 1 862 various independent compani es were fo rmed for immediate

,
se rvice agai n st the In dian s but thei r o rgani zatio n wa s c rude an d the i r
,
tenu re was neve r i ntended to b e permanent .
For some years a fte r the close O f the war fo r the Union i n 1 8 65 the , ,
mi li tary spi rit o f M innesota seeme d to be in abeyance The nation had .
seen and hea rd enough o f drill s an d marches— som ewhat too much O f
battle s and slaughter Only a few even o f the retu rned soldiers cared
.
, ,
to form companies ; still fewe r ca red to go into traini ng camps o r engage ,
i n target practice Th e A dj utant Gene ral o f the State was made

.
o ffi c i o bounty and pen si on attorney for gratu itous service to war claim
.
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ants also sec retary o f the board o f tru stees O f sold iers orphans etc
, ,
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These purely c ivil functions monopoli zed the attenti on o f successive i n

c u m b e n t s of that o fli c e hence mili tary a ff ai rs were le ft the O peration o f
,
the law o f natu ral selection and the survival o f the fittest E ach Governo r .
”
appointed a nominal sta ff o f general s colonel s and maj ors bu t p rob
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. ,
ably between 1 866 and 1 8 80 not one in t w enty o f these even procure d a .
uni f orm — h owbeit many o f them clung tenaci ou sl y to thei r pa rchment

,
title s .
B E GI N N I NG S OF TH E N ATIO NA L G UARD
D uring thi s peri od the re were however almost conti nuously m il itary . .
companies i n St Paul and in other towns a n d f o r a li mi ted period b e

'
. . , ,
tween 1 8 7 0 and 1 87 3 the re was a serious e ff ort at eff ective o r ga n i z at IO n

.
.
Thi s e ff ort w as l argely due to the zeal and energy o f Col A P Connolly . . .
o f St Paul wh o still survive s an h onore d resi dent o f M inneapol i s and

.
, . ,
.
609
the senior s u r v 1 v i n g o ffi cer on the reti red l is t o f the M innesota National
Guard .
Col C onnolly born i n Shef fi el d N B Canada 1 8 3 6 came to Mi nne

.
, . .
, ,
sota in 1 8 57 and became i dentifie d w ith its newspapers H e served three

,
.
years during the Civi l an d I ndian wars ; mustere d out as Adj utant o f the
6 th M inn esota I nfantry Augu st I n 1 8 70 he began to study the
possibilities o f gathering the independent mili tary companies o f the city
and state i nto regimental o rgan i zat i ons H e found i n S t Paul fiv e . .
companies acting independently and de signate d a s follow s

, ,
The Governor s Guards— C apt Chas S Bunker ’

. . . .
The E mmet Guards— Capt John C Deveraux . . .
The Tu rne r R i fles— Capt Albert Sche ff e r

'
. .
The S candinav ian Guards— Capt J A V an s t r u m . . .
The H igh School Cadets— Capt John A B erkey . . .
H orace Austi n was Governor and Commander—i n chie f with Mark '
-
D Flowe r a s Adj utant General

. They li stened w ith i nterest to Con .
’ ”
nolly s suggestion that these companies with the I rish Ri fles at M inne ,
a po l i s be made the nucleus o f a regiment

,
Accordingly o n D ec 9 1 870 .
,
.
, ,
” “
the first regiment M innesota E nrolled M il itia wa s fo rmed and A P , . .
Connolly was comm issioned as li eutenant colonel O n May 2 8 1 8 7 1 a .

, ,
ful l li st o f ten companies havi ng been secured A P Connolly was com , . .
m i ssi one d colonel .
“
The term mil itia di d not sound good e ither to the commander or the
company offi cers al l o f whom w ith many o f the enli st ed men had seen
, ,
actu al war se rvice Accordingly at Col C onnolly s suggestion the d es i g

.
,
.
’
nation national guard was adopted— the first u se o f that term in M inne
“ ”
’
sota i f not i n the country Capt V a n s t r u m s company fo r some reason
‘
.
,
.
, ,
failed to mu ster and the high S choo l cadets w ere too young But by
,
.
“
general orders No 2 dated September 1 l th 1 8 7 1 signe d M D Flower .
, , , . .
Adj utant General it was announce d that the fi rst regiment M innesota ,
National Guard s commanded by C01 A P C onnolly i s hereby r eo r gan

,
. . .
,
”
i z ed .
”
The St Paul C ompanie s were named as : Co A C apt C S Bunke r ;
. .
“
. . .
” ” “
Co B Capt A Sche ff er ; Co D Capt J C Deveraux The remain
.
“
. . . . . . .
i ng seven companies were located respectively at Au stin Manto rvil le , ,
Red \Ving Lake C ity Stillwater Kasson and D odge Center By the
, , ,
.
same order a secon d regiment was constituted with Lieut Col H G

, ,
. . . .
Hicks o f M inneapol i s in command w ith eight companies named three , ,
located at M inneapoli s and the others at C ambri dge N ew Ulm ( Jos , , , .
B o b l e t e r captain ) St C loud ( L W Colli ns captain ) Anoka and Cor

, , . . .
, ,
dova .
The first regiment w ith its S t Paul colonel and i ts three St Pau l
'
. .
companie s made the best showi ng o f effi ciency but labore d unde r great ,
ifl‘
d i c u l ti es Col Connolly and hi s o f ficers and m en had to pay thei r own
. .
expenses— armo ry rent uni fo rm s music etc All they rece ived f rom , ,
.
the constituted authorities was the gu ns an d accoutrements thereunto

pertaining Neithe r state no r nation contribute d a dollar in cash There
. .
was no money to pay for mobilizing the regiment or going into camp .
But fo r several years the compani es i n thei r respective towns kept up a

good state o f di sc ip l i ne maintained regular drill s and j usti fie d thei r , ,
existence The three St Paul compani es worke d together i n harmony

. .
,
and f requently appeared unde r command o f Col Connolly in review s .

,
in battal ion drill s and in public processions on memorial day etc They
, ,
.
61 0 ST . P AU L A N D V I CI N I TY
we re once revie wed by M aj Gen \V S Hancock U S A and sta ff who -

. . . . . .
,
highly complimente d the colonel on thei r soldierly appearance .
On the occasion o f the th reatened attack by I ndians at B rainerd In ,
1 87 1 , the three companies were sent by o rder o f G O V Austin i n c o m , .

,
mand o f Col Connolly to the scene o f impending ho stili tie s They w ere
. .
o rdered out at P M a n d entrained at 8 o clock the nex t morning

’
. .
, ,
w ith only 6 men missing They p roceeded to B rai nerd sent the I n .
,
dians back to thei r reservati on re store d confidence to the settl ers and ,
per fo rmed a real public se rvice This e xped ition was re ferred to as the .
“
”
blueberry war because the belligerent reds were engaged i n be rry pick
i ng w hen they made the ho stile demon strations The good accompl i she d .
was al ways grate fully acknowledged by the people benefited .
Thi s regiment constitute d the real beginnings o f the present splendi d

nati onal guard system o f M inne sota and w i ll be so c redited by impartial
hi story It coul d not be permanently mai ntaine d ow ing to the lac k o f
.
fund s and the ab sence o f othe r i nducements a fterward offered fo r state

,
mili tary service But the o ffice rs a n d men deserv e prai se fo r thei r sel f
.
sac ri ficing e ff o rts and the patriotic spi rit displayed Col Connolly sus
, . .
ta i n e d hi s rank until he resigned i n 1 88 1 and 3 0 years later he was ,
awa rded the t e n year service medal by Adj utant Gen eral F B Woo d
-
, . . ,
on being placed on the rol l o f retired o fficers o f the M i nnesota national

gua rd .
TH E PE R M A N E NT N ATIO NA L G UA R D
The Nati onal Guard o f the State o f Mi nnesota a s organi ze d under

the p resent law consi sts o f three regiments o f in fantry a n d one battal ion
,
o f artill ery a total o f someth ing over

, o f ficers and m e n The A d .
j utant General i s B rig Gen Fred B Wood appoi nted J a n 2 8 1 90 5

. . . . .
, ,
after mo re than twenty years service i n the National Guard including ,
a captaincy i n the 1 2 t h M inne sota Volunteers during the Spani sh

American wa r The term o f enl istment i s three yea rs E very company
. .
o r battery i s requ i red by law to make at least thi rty company drills o r
parades each year exclu sive o f camp and actual service Ten days i s
,
.
th e time alloted fo r the annual encampment on the state grounds at

Lake City .
E ve ry o ffi ce r and enl isted man during h i s te rm o f se rvice is exempt , ,
from duty as j uryman i n any court o f the state and eve ry pe rson who ,
S hall have recei ved an hono rable discha rge a fter a continuou s se rvice
o f five years or mo re i s the rea fte r exempt f rom such j ury duty The .
city o f L ake City i n 1 89 1 donated to the State o f M innesota groun d on

, ,
wh ich to hol d the annual encampment o f the Nati onal Guard upon c o n ,
d ition that the same be u sed for thi rty y ears fo r the purpose o f such e n
c am pm en t .
I t i s stated that i n 1 8 79 only one thoroughly equipped company r e .
mained in t h e service to represent the organi zed m iliti a o f the State O f .
M innesota — t l1 i s company bei n g located at New Ulm and having been ,
kept alive lar gel y throu gh the zeal o f its captain Jo seph B o b l e t e r a reg . ,
ula r sold ie r d i n ing the Civil w a r and a f t e I wards Colonel and B rigadie r ,
Gene ral o f the State G u a 1 d In 1 8 79 and 1 8 80 several compani e s were .
organi zed and l e g i slation was sought that w oul d gi Ve p rope r encou rage
ment t o those who m ight be willing to devote thei r tim e and m oney to
bu il ding u p a force that 1 1 oul d do credit to the commonwealth H ence .
,
i n 1 88 1 the l e g i slatu re appropriate d $ 5 000 to the s u pp O I t o f th e Na

. .
t i o n a l G uard a n d the governor 1 1 as authori zed to make a battal ion fo rma

.
61 2 ST PAU L A N D VI C I N ITY
.
and W H Oxley second l ieutenant ; F P Wrigh t a fterward captain o f

. .
, . .
,
thi s company and colonel o f the regiment was appoi nte d fi rst se rgeant , ,
and the company began its dri lls early i n Ap ri l 1 880 i n P fei ff er Hall , ,
.
The company adopted a full dress uni form in which i t made its first
parade i n August 1 8 8 1 I t also took part i n the funeral obsequies o f
,
.
Presi dent Garfield .
The St Paul Guard s originally de signed to be a n i ndependent c iti

.
’
zens corp s and so maintained e f ficiently until the organi zati on o f the
,
”
M innesota N ati onal Guard then took its place as Company C i n the ,
“
Fi rst B attal ion and a fterward i n the Fi rst Regiment The o rganization
'
o f the St Paul Guard w as speedi ly followe d in thi s c ity by that o f the

.
Allen Guard ( Company the E mmet Light A rti llery ( C ompany

a n d by vari ous other compani es throughout the state the m ilitary ,
enthusiasm o f our citi zens having receive d a new impulse .
From i ts fi rst o rganization special attenti on w as pai d by C ompany ,

“ ”
C to securing members o f high character w ith the result o f maintai n ,
i ng the company as a fi r s t class m ilitary organizati on and making it suc -
c es s f u l in its unde rtak ings both o f a m il itary and social nature The , .
company took a leading part in p rocuring the e rection o f the armory in

St Paul and contributed its full share to the cost the reo f T h e company
. .
claims t o have contributed f rom its membershi p more comm issioned o ffi

cers and o f highe r rank than al l other companies in the State o f Mi nne ,
sota When calle d upon for active se rvice as it was o n several occasions
.
,
” “
duri ng the fi rst t e n years o f i ts exi stence Company C faith fully and ,
p romptly responded w ith ful l ranks an d ready for any duty I n July .
,
1 890 when a hasty orde r f rom the Governo r issue d at 7 o clock i n the
’
evening calle d for the assembly o f th ree companies i n St Paul to go

,
.
to Mora M innesota to protect settlers f rom a th reatened rai d by the

, ,
” “
Chippewa I ndians Company C had 7 3 men out o f 7 6 at the Armory at ,
1 1 O clock all ready for duty

’
.
,
Change s in the command o f th e company were necessi tated by p ro

motio n s e tc The succe ssive captains u p to 1 8 90 w ere— C S Bunker
,
. . .
,
W B B end F P Wright William Dawson J r Shel don Blakely A .E

. .
, . .
, ,
.
, ,
.
Chantler and H C B raden ,

. . .
At the last named date S G Iverson wa s fi rst l ieutenant an d R B Ri s . . . .
ing second lieutenant Among the non —commi ssioned o fficers o f the o rig
,
.
inal company i n 1 880 were Thomas Cochran W N B ecker C P Marvin ,

. .
,
. .
,
H erman Sche f fer T R Forbe s and Walter H ew itt Among the original , . .
,
.
p rivates enrolled w ere E S Chittenden Sherman F inch H H H orton . .

, , . . .
Craw ford L ivi ngston Jo seph M c K e e S B Wal sh J R \Val sh and , , . .

,
. .
.
J W Will i s
.
”
. .
Company D o f the Fi rst Regiment was organized as the Allen

“
Li ght Guard o f St Paul February 1 0 1 88 1 It was mustere d i nto the .

, ,
.
state service April 2 4 1 88 1 and at that time numbered 4 7 men Capt , ,

. .
Charl e s A B igler wa s fi rst chosen commande r but resigned July 1 2

.
, , ,
1 88 1 and was succeeded by Capt E S B ean who se long and d i stin

,
. . .
,
gu i s h e d service w ith thi s company gave h im a state w i de and nati on wide

- -
reputation The company was f rom the first zealous and conspicuou s i n
.
the matter o f d i scipl ine and dri ll I t partici pate d i n numerous competitive .
c ontests among wh ich the follow ing may be enumerated : At Faribault

, ,
”
M i nnesota July 4 1 88 2 i t de feated Company B o f the S econd Regi
“
, ,
ment and w on th e fi rst pri ze $ 2 00 i n gol d At Mi nneapol i s Augu st 2 8 , . .
”
1 883 Company D wa s awarde d fi rst prize O f $400 de feating th ree
,
“
,
companies o f its own regiment On June 1 4 1 884 the company met .

, .
ST PAU L A N D VI CI N ITY
.
61 3
the N ational Rifles o f Washington D C at H otel La fayette Lake M i n , .

, ,
meto mka and was awarded the pri ze a fter a very C lose c ontest
, At a .
great national tou rnament held i n Dubuque I owa one week later Com , , ,
” “
pany D was awarded fourth prize de feating again the National Rifles ,
and winning I 663 out o f a p ossible ,points I n 1 887 Company .
“ ”
D participate d i n the i nte rnational drill at Washingt on D C com , . .
peting with 1 3 4 companies o f the N ati onal Guard from di ff erent states
and com ing out second best w ith but a few points betw een it and the fi rst
company I t secured .cash as the second pri ze that s u m bei ng ,
placed in the hands o f Capt B ean by Lieut Gen Philip H Sheri dan . .
-
. .
,
commanding the United State s Army The reception tendered Com .
” “
pany D on its return to St Paul was one o f the memorable events .
in the history o f the city To Capt Bean belongs the credit for having . .
brought the company through thei r various contests so succ essfully H is .
activities extende d beyond hi s own company an d embraced the enti re state

organization w ithin its scope H e held fi rst place i n the hearts o f hi s .
fellow guardsmen and fellow citizens for many years He served two .
terms as sheri ff o f Ramsey County and made for himsel f in the Phil ip
pine s a s maj o r o f hi s regiment trans formed into the 1 3 th M i nnesota ,
I n fantry Volunteers a highly creditable record ,

.
I n 1 892 thi s co m pany planned a trip to the Y ellow stone Park There .
be ing no annual encampment that year 50 men under the command o f

Capt Bean le ft St Paul August 1 6 th over the Northern Paci fic Rail
. .
,
road di sembarking at Cinnabar w here the march was taken up and dur
, ,
ing the following 1 1 days the company cove red 200 miles on foot through
the Park Returning the company reached St Paul Augu st 2 9t h hav
.
, .
, ,
ing travele d 2 000 mile s du ring i t s trip ,

.
I n 1 8 95 the strength o f the company was 7 7 men including o f ficers .
E S B ean was captain ; C harles E M etz first l 1 eutenant and M L M er

. . .
, . .
ri ll second l ieutenant
, .
”
Company E was organi zed i n St Paul i n the fall o f 1 88 1 I t waited
“ -
. .
two month s after its original fo rmation be fore electing o f ficers J P . . .
M oore drilled the company f rom the outset and as a parti al ac k n o w l e d g

ment o f h is abil ity he was elected the first captai n W W Price a fter
,
. . .
,
wards colonel o f the regiment w as chosen fi rst lieutenant and John ,
Blakeley second l ieutenant L ieut Price was then but 1 7 years old and
,
. .
hi s associates were gene rally about the same age But young as they .
,
were they had i n them the material for good sol diers and the company
, ,
was increasingly prosperous with the advancing years In May 1 88 2 .

,
about one hal f o f the members withdrew and organi zed another i n d ep en d
-
ent company The remainder entered the service o f the state as Company
.
”
“
E F i rst Battal ion
,
.
In 1 88 7 L ieut Price was promoted to the captaincy wh ich position

.
,
he filled w ith great c redit unti l June 1 5 1 893 when he was el ecte d maj or , ,
o f the Fi rst Regiment a fterwards as stated becoming i ts col onel The , , .
company always attended the regimental encampments and had a part in

all the regimental parades I t al so did good service at the time of the .
bu rning o f the State Pri son at Stillwater when men we re cal led f rom ,
’
thei r busines s on an hour s notice to face danger an d en dure the expo
sure o f a rigi d Mi nnesota w i nter w ithout p rospect o f reward Its roster , .
always bore the names o f sci on s o f some o f the best known St Paul .
hou ses an d had a social as well as a m ilitary standing o f which its mem
bers and i ts f riends were j ustly proud In 1 895 H enry Bork was cap .
tain C P Stear first l ieutenant an d C B Trowbridge second lieutenant

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. . .
, . .
, , ,
61 4 ST . P AU L A N D VI C I N ITY
Company H o f the Fi rst Regiment was mustere d i nto the service

o f the state February 2 4 1 8 90 by Colone l W B Bend The company , , . . .
was organized i n St Paul by Sergeant Winne o f Company C who was .

, ,
elected first lieutenant Joseph Magi n was elected fi rst captain H e was . .
succee ded a fe w mo nths late r by Capt M L Me rrill who was in turn

, , . . .
,
succeede d by Capt Frank W Atchi son w ho served i n the command until . .

,
October 1 89 1 w hen he rem oved f rom the ci ty George E R o e d l e r was

, , . .
,
next electe d captain and se rve d until M arch 1 893 when L ieut E C , ,
. . .
Montfort succeeded him Although one o f the youngest companie s i n

,
.
the regiment both as to sen iority and as to the age o f i ts indivi dual mem
,
” “
be rs Company H soon ranked high fo r e fli c i e n c y and good conduct
, .
Thei r annual bal l was a social functi on to which the young people o f the
’
early 9o s always looke d forward w ith eage r antic ipation I n 1 895 E C .
, . .
Montfo rt was captain Joh n C H ardy fi rst l ieutenant an d G T Daly , .

, , . .
,
second lieutenant .
I t would be inte re sti ng to give i n detai l the hi sto ry o f eac h o f these

companies an d o f those forme d at late r dates dow n to the present day , ,
’
bu t lac k o f space forbi ds St Paul s quota o f the National Guard now . .
consi sts o f five companies o f in fantry al l attached to the fi rst regiment , ,

” “
and tw o batteries A and C o f the Fi rst Regiment Field Artillery , , .
” ”
The I n fantry companie s are de signated re spectively as C D E , ,
“
,
“
,
“
,
“ ” “
H and L E ach has i ts ful l complement o f m en i ts co rps o f ale rt an d
.
,
competent o fli c e r s and each cheri shes a commendabl e pri de i n i ts own ,
i ndivi dual hi sto ry as w ell as i n that o f the S plendi d regiment to w hi ch i t

,
belongs .
TH E N ATIO N AL G UARD S W A R S E R V I C E ’
The response of the National Guard o f M innesota to the call o f Pre si

dent M c K i n l ey for voluntee rs at the beginning o f the war with Spain ,
1 898 was p rompt and patriotic At five o clock i n the a fte rnoon o f Ap ri l ’
.
,
25 , 1 898 Governor D M Clough receive d a telegram f rom the War

,
. .
D epartment at Washi ngton announc ing that M innesota s quota under ,

’
’
the Pre sident s call woul d be three regiments o f in fantry an d stating ,
“
the presi dent s request that the regiments o f th e National or State
’
M i litia be u se d so far as thei r numbe r w il l p e rmi t fo r the reason that

, ,
”
they are armed equippe d a n d drilled I n reply to that telegram the G o v
,
.
,
c ruor at once w i re d the Sec reta ry o f War giving full in fo rmation as to ,

“
arm s and e q u i pm e n t s o n hand and cl osing with the word s Troop s ‘
, ,
ready fo r mu ster at once The cal l by the President w as for troops to .
serve f or two years o r during the wa r and th e Fi rst Second and Thi rd , , ,
regiments N G S M readily responde d the ranks filled by voluntee rs

,
. . . .
, ,
.
By an o fficial orde r the m il itia regiments lost thei r identity a s such ,
upon being muste red into the national service and rece ived new numbers
foll ow ing that o f the last voluntee r i n fantry regiment o f the War o f the
Rebell ion The Second Regiment because o f the seniority o f i ts colonel
.
, ,
Joseph B o b l e t e r became the Twel fth M inne sota ; the Fi rst Colonel C
, ,
.
M c C Reeve the Thi rteenth ; the Thi rd Colonel C A V a n Duzce the

.
, , . .
,
Fourteenth Late r i n the war the Fi fteenth M innesota was also mus
.
t e r e d i nto the service April 29 1 8 98 the troops went into camp at the .
, ,
State Fai r Grounds ; St Paul tempo rarily desi gnated as Camp Ram sey .
,
.
O n May 1 2 Gove rnor Clough rece ived orde rs to the e ff ect that two
,
o f the M innesota regiments shoul d go to Chickamauga Park near Chat ,
t a n o o ga Tenne ssee fo r ultimate p rospective service i n Cuba and one to

, ,
61 6 ST PAUL A ND VI CI N ITY
.
TH E N A TIO NA L G UARD A R M ORY
The St Paul A rmory E xchange and We st S ixth streets i s one o f

.
, ,
the fi nest i n the West I t was erected i n 1 903 4 and cost nearly
.
-
I t i s fou r stories high and i s constructed o f brown sand stone and c o n

c rete B esi de s being the headquarte rs fo r the St Paul o rganizations o f
.
.
the national guard it has f requently been u sed for conventi on s auto
, ,
shows and othe r large gathe rings .
The armory i s arranged fo r the eve ry day wo rk o f the guard and -
whil e i t i nclu de s eve rything need fu l i n the traini ng o f sol di ers i t has
very l ittl e space that i s devote d to play T he buil ding i s divi de d between
.
five i n fantry compani es and two batterie s o f artillery All O f these o r .
ga n i z a t i o n s u se the big d rill hall on the mai n floor This hall i s one o f .
the be st constructe d fo r the pu rpo se to be found i n the country I t i s 1 3 0 .
TH E AR M ORY
by 1 50 feet and i s well l ighted The height to the roo f i nsu re s plenty o f
.
f resh ai r.
I n the basement are the i ndoo r galle ries fo r ta rget practice during
c ol d o r wet w eathe r The re the men may lea rn the use o f the ri fle as
.
well as they do on the range s I n the basement al so are the artillery

.
, ,
storeroom s gu n park s and harness rooms The field guns a re o f the

,
.
modern make The gunners are protected f rom ri fle fire by steel sh ields
. .
The a rtille ry equ ipment furni she d by the fede ral gove rnment alone i s
valued at
A w ide conc rete d riveway lead s f rom the artillery parks to the sally
po rt opening on the street above There i s al so an elevato r fo r hoi sting
.
the gu ns to the dril l hal l on the main fl oor .
On the top floo r the large dance and assembly hall 90 by 30 feet ,
equ ip ped with a stage i s located Thi s hall i s used for many social and
. .
p ro fe ssional purpo se s The re are held meetings o f the M inne sota Na

.
t i o n a l Guard Association at which matte rs o f the service are di scu ssed ;

,
lecture s on m ilitary subj ects ; and company dances when the gathering ,
ST PA UL AN D VI CI N ITY
. 61 7
i s not large enough to warrant using the drill hall on the mai n floor .
The drill hall i s used by one company or battery each night for drill .
A long i ts si des are glass cases in which are kept the guns belonging to
the i n fantry organizati ons These ri fles are of the latest pattern The
. .
armory i s also supplie d with a fi ne gymnasium and plenty of shower

baths.
CHA PT E R LVI
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TH E M I D WAY D I STR I CT I N ST PAUL .
S E TT L E M E N T O F RE S E R V E T OW N S H IP— P RO C E SS OF C ITY A BSORPTION

EAR L Y M IDWA Y E V E NTS— T H E M I N N E SOTA T R AN SF E R— G R E AT I N
D U S TR I E S — RE SID E NT IA L A ND EDU CA TIO NA L CE N T E R — P ROPOS E D G R A N D
U N IO N D E POT— NE W W AT E R P OW E R C ORPORATION — NE W ER A OF
C ITY B UI L DI N G RE U IR E D
A notew orthy di stincti on and perhap s unparallele d featu re o f St .
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Paul i n futuro and o f the Twi n City i n ultimo i s the M i dway o r
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interu rban di stri ct Once a w i de stretch o f groves and p rairie s o f

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farm s an d orchards lyi ng between two struggling l ittl e tow ns ten m ile s
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apart it i s now a populou s city i n itsel f with thousands o f beauti ful

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home s ; with mile s o f paved and l ighted streets ; w ith churches and school s
and college s ; w ith elevators and abattoi rs and big factorie s ; wit h parks ,
an d boulevards and bustl ing marts o f trade ; trave rsed by four i nteru rban
electri c l i nes ; wi th post o ffice fire and police stations newspape rs and
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banks ; w ith the second largest f reight transfer in the worl d .
The rapi d uninterrupted i rresi stible development o f thi s section i s

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a phenomenon even i n thi s country o f constructive marvel s and m i racles

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The M i dway di strict i n St Paul lie s betwee n S nell ing avenue on the
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east and the city limits on the w est an d runs f rom the M issi ssipp i r iver,
o n the south to the c ity boundary o n the north Th e area o f i ts pre sent
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i ntense activity extends f rom the Grand avenue electri c l ine to the Como
Harriet l ine B ut i n fact all the te rritory o f S t Paul lying west o f
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Snell ing avenue i s a part o f he r M i dway di strict .
S E TT L E M E N T OF RE S E RV E T OW N S H I P
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The f racti onal township o f Reserve taken i nto the city and thu s
trans formed into the southern segment o f thi s ci rcuit wa s so named ,
becau se a maj o r portion o f it was formerly include d w ithi n the m ilitary

rese rvation o f Fo rt Snel l ing The fi rst settle rs i n Reserve were th e
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S wi ss f rom Lo rd Selk i rk s Red Rive r colony who settle d on the ea st bank

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o f the M i ssi ssippi river on the m il itary reservation an d a fter a f e w ,
years re si dence we re dri ven f rom thei r home s by o rde r o f the war de
pa r tm e n t as narrated i n an early chapte r
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William Finn made the fi rst .
permanent settlement i n Reserve i n 1 8 4 2 on secti on 4 borde ring on th e

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l ine o f the re servation Samuel J Findley R K n a ph e i d e and W E

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B rimhall w ere early settl ers A dam and Peter B ohland a fte r liv ing i n
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St Paul and a fte r the former had se rve d i n the Umon army came
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to Reserve in 1 8 66 and 1 868 They have sinc e been prominent i n county

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6 20 ST PAUL A N D VI C I N ITY
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July 1 8 89 : The Me rriam Park Co rne t B and was organi zed w ith
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F W Root p resi dent F A M c Fa r l a n d sec retary a n d J L Will iamson

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treasure r .
D ecembe r 1 889 : T he M i nnesota Trans fer Board o f T rade was o r

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ga n i z e d— D F B rooks p resi dent and E d A Paradis secretary and

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treasure r .
J a n u a r y 1 890 : The new Presbyteri an chu rch at M ac al es t e r was dedi

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cate d
February The fi rst electric line to the M i dway d istrict was
fo rmally opened Alderman D M Sull ivan i n hi s opening address pre
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dicte d that such a grand opening on such a grand occas i on o f so grand , ,
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an enterp rise as the Grand avenue electric l ine was o f itsel f a s a ssu r ,
ance o f the grand future o f the M idway di stri ct

Construction work o n the S elby avenue cab le exten
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Ap ri l
sion was p rogressing rap idly Work had commenced on the new bri dge .
on the Short line tracks east o f S nelling avenu e .
May 2 4 1 8 90 : About 1 00 m en w ere employed i n laying track on the

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new University electri c l ine .
September 1 3 1 890 : James J H ill had subsc ribed hal f a mi ll ion dol
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l ars fo r the ne w S t Paul Seminary to be e recte d by Archbi shop I reland

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on the river f ront at Summit avenue .
June 1 89 1 : A n elaborate dinne r was se rve d by the Transfe r B oard

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o f T rade at the Woodru ff H ouse c o r n e r o f S t Anthony and Cleveland ,

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avenues About seventy fiv e guests sat at table among whom were Arch
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bi sho p I reland ex Governor William R M arshall Rev D r John Woo ds

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Senato r Hi ram F Stevens Judge D A J B ake r and many p romi nent .

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resi dents of the M i dway d istrict All we re enthu siastic f riends o f the .
future cente r o f the Twi n Metropol i s .
Augu st 1 891 : A large forc e o f men at wo rk on the Prior avenue

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electric l ine penetrating the very cente r o f M erriam Park

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Octobe r 1 89 1 : The extension o f the L angford avenue electric li ne

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through St Anthony Park being surveyed

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Augu st 2 7 1 8 92 : Norman Perkins o f Pri or avenue assi sted by John

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Fi shel both United States railway mail O f ficial s made one continuou s
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run f rom San Franci sco to N ew York city during the week with a speci al , ,
train carryi ng twenty million dollars i n gol d .
March 1 8 94 : The j oi nt pre ss cl ubs O f St Pau l and M inneapol i s

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about fi fty strong f rom each city twenty —fiv e o r thirty editors f rom d i f ,
f e r e n t parts o f the state a n d nearly one hundred prominen t men o f M er ,
riam Park and both citie s w ere serve d a full cou rse d inner at B rooks ,
Hall on University avenu e

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TH E M I N N E SOT A T RA N SF E R
A leadin g bu si ness featu re o f the M i dway di strict i n St Paul i s the .
M innesota T rans fe r Thi s unique o rgani zation O wi ng two hund red .

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ac re s which are literally cove red w i th track s and swi tches i s the great ,
clearing house for al l the west a n d east boun d f re ight that passes E very .
f reight train that rol ls into eithe r c ity unl ess its consignment i s fo r local ,
consumption n o matte r on what road whence i t cam e o r whither it i s

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bound must go into thi s te rminal be examined b roken up i f necessary

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and have the contents o f its di ff erent car s reloaded be fo re it c a n p ro ,
c ee d to its de stination There i s but one trans fer system i n the worl d .
whi ch e xceed s it i n point o f tonnage — Pittsbu rg ; and none which equal s i t

ST PAUL A ND VI CI N I TY
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in the number o f railroad systems converging i n it The rai lroads center .
ing here rep re sent miles o f di rect trackage Proj ected o riginally .
by James J Hill it is now the j o int property of the n ine roads meeti ng at
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thi s point an d i s maintaine d by contributions f rom each road i n propor

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t i o n t o the amount o f freight handle d

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The company owns eighty — two .
mi les o f trackage ; fou r hundred sw itches an d nineteen locomotives I n ,

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1 91 0 , cars were rece ived and sent out again making a n average ,
o f about a day o f w hich about 2 00 were unloaded thei r contents

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sorted repacked and distributed It has about a thousand employes and

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an average pay rol l o f a month .
Thus the manu facturer or j obbe r who has built h i s house i n the
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M idway district finds at hi s very door a railroad which wi ll take hi s out

put and deliver it to p ractically any po int on the conti nent to wh ich it i s
billed thereby eliminati ng one o f the mo st troublesome and e xpensive de
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tails w ith w hich a shipper has to deal This explains why many acres o f .
thi s territory are being covered with enormou s i ndustrial plants som e o f ,
them models o f thei r kind I t was no part o f the pu rpose o f the found .
ers o f the M innesota T rans fe r to handle local f re ight ; but one hundred
and twenty three home concerns are now its regular custo mers ; a n d O f the
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pounds o f freight which i t handle d last year it i s estimated

that twenty p er c ent represented shipments from local fi rm s and corpora
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tions .
G R E AT I NDUSTRI E S
An enumeration o f the industries rep resented in thi s di strict ma k es

a very long l ist Probably the largest single item i s furnitu re includi ng
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mattresses beds an d bedding In one buildi ng alone consi sting a sort

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o f furniture exchange the Northwestern Furniture and Stove Ex po s i

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ti on building a busi ness amounting to , i s done annually Sec .
on d i n rank i s l inseed oil w ith its pro ducts Two o f the largest re f rigera .
tor manu factories i n the country are here and the second largest concern ,
manu factu ri ng lithogra phed label s and fol ding boxes with a plant show ,
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ing the most per fect devel opment o f factory construction C losely all ied .
w ith i t i s a large box board mill rated at the two concerns i n

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volving a n investment o f approximately The repai r and

manu facturing shops an d power station o f the Twi n City Rapi d T ransit
Company occupy one o f th e largest tracts sixty acres the w h ole represent , ,
ing an investment o f over There are storage warehouses one ,
o f the largest o f its kind receiving consignments from all over the coun ,
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try i n bulk and reshipping i n smaller quantities as nee ded Furnaces stoves .
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radiators an d heating apparatus o f all kinds are made o r dealt i n ; and

all manner o f farm equipm ent f rom the smallest tool to the m ost com ,
plicated threshing machine Pai nt and varni sh l inoleum l ime brick .

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and tiles ; lubricating oil ; i ron w ire gri ll work and well screens are among ,
the indu strie s represented ; there are lumber and fue l dealers contractors ,
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and real estate brokers ; manu facturers o f printers i n k and commerci al
p ri nting concerns ; manu factu rers and j obbers o f gravity c ar r i e r s eleva ,
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tors and automobile trucks ; soap candy groce ries pharmaceutical house , , ,
hold r emedies smoking and chewing tobacco ; a plant o f the American

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Can C ompany an d a m a n u f ac tII r e r o f f ruit package cases a piano factory

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an abattoi r and two horse markets one of them the large st i n the west
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A late addi ti on to the M i dway manu factu ring facilities under con
struction at thi s w riting i s on Unive rsity avenue the factory o f Gri ggs ,
Cooper C ompany j obbers o f grocerie s i n St Paul It i s to have a

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6 22 S T PAU L AND V I C I N I TY
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capacity o f si x ton s o f candy and cracke rs dai ly The bu ild ing .
i s 200 by 3 00 feet three sto ries and w ill be in many ways the o nly factory
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o f i ts ki nd i n the U ni te d State s There i s a large area o f glass w h ich .
w il l make the w ork room s a s l ight as outdoors I n the cracke r de .
p a r tm e n t in place o f havi ng the operations move f rom one fl oo r to the

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next i n the p roce ss o f turning the flou r i nto bo xed cracke rs the p roduct
wil l m ove hori zontally on the same fl oo r T he bui lding w ith machi nery .
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w hich w il l al l be new w ill cost about T here wi ll be a 1 00 foot

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park way i n front o f the bui l di ng along the street car tracks The factory .
i s di rectly opp osite the l ittle park on the othe r si de o f U niversity avenue ,
SO that the surroundings o f the work room s w ill be o f the best Special .
attention has been pai d i n the new f a c to r v to toilet an d re st room s fo r

the employes The large area o f north w 1 n do w s w ill give uni form l ight
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and plenty o f ai r T he factory w ill be kep t i n a s sanitary manne r a s

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m odern appl iance s and care w ill pe rmit .
The M i dway Commercial Club w ith room s i n the Furniture E x po s i ,
tion bu il ding i s an active organization w ho se functi ons are both comme r

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c i a l and social I t i s compose d o f about a hu ndred members all o f whom

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are ambi ti ou s f or the w el fare a n d progre ss o f their part o f the city and ,
are actively pushing its i nterests in every po ssible way O f the great .
future whi ch awaits thi s portion o f St Paul the re c a n be no possible .
que stion A s time goe s o n an d the c ity grows i n activity and diversity
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o f inte rest thi s w ill become one o f the great manu facturi ng and j obb ing
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centers o f the count r y I f the dual c itie s are i ndee d the pi llars o f the
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Gateway o f the N orthwe st the M i dw ay d i strict may wel l be regarded ,
a s the keystone o f the arc h whi ch connects them .
RE SID E N TIA L A ND E DU C ATIO NA L CE NT E R
N orth and south o f th e centra l bel t i n wh ic h are l ocate d th e trans fe r ,
i ndustrial an d commercial ente rp ri ses o f the d istrict a re the section s ,
devote d to resi dences E ach ha s the u nequalled a dvantages o f ready

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access to two large ci ti e s an admi rabl e sceni c envi ronment and e x c e p ,
t i o n a l educational fac il itie s It i s li terally surrounded w ith park s Lake . .
Park the State Fai r Ground s Como Haml ine Uni on M e rriam M ac a l e s , , , , ,
te r Groveland Prospe ct H iawatha Rive rside D rive Tow n and C ountry

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Club Gol f L i nks Capital Park and St Anthony South are al l i ncluded
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wi thi n its east a n d west boundari es and betw een the unive rsity ground s
and the r iver I t i s a great cente r o f education and cul tu re f or w i thin
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i ts l imi ts or i n its imme diate ne ighborhoo d are many o f the largest and “
mo st important school s semi narie s and colleges o f the state i nclud ing, ,
i n the number the State Agri cultural College and E xpe ri ment S tation and
Farm— part o f the Un iver si ty o f M i nnesota Othe r notable i nstitution s .
o f l earning several o f w hich are o f far more than local fame are Ham
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l i ne Unive rsity M ac a l e s te r Col lege No rwegian L uthe ran Seminary the

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B apti st Swedi sh Academy L uthe ran Seminary Luther College S t Cath

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e rine s S eminary St Thomas C ollege an d St Paul S emi nary An d the
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S tate Uni ve rsity itsel f l ies only a m ile beyon d its we ste rn boundary A .
number o f c a r l ine s touch or c ross i t an d e ithe r St Paul or M inneapol i s ,

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c a n be reache d by a singl e fare o f five cents An e xpe rt c ity promoter .
f rom the east v i siting ou r M i dway i n the summe r o f 1 91 1 sai d to a

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new spaper representative : M i dway an d the H il l di stri ct o f S t Paul .

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I think w il l become the great resi dentia l d i strict o f the Twi n C ity The
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re si dential di stri ct o f S t Paul i s moving toward M idway and the trend .

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ci rcl e o f colleges universi tie s and sem inari es that encompass the M i nne
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sota Trans fe r and the f requency o f j oi nt gatherings o f cle rgymen and

church o rgan izati ons o f all the principal denominations i n the T wi n City ,
fo r t h e sake o f c onvenience i n M i dway di strict chu rches ,

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One union deport fo r both c itie s not only m eans that every p erson
who owns a home anywhe re about the center o f the M i dway di strict w ill
see its value so i ncreased that it c an be exchanged for two o r three equally
desi rabl e home s i n equally desirable localities but it means that every foot ,
o f property i n both citi e s w il l be greatly advanced whe reas the i ssuance ,
o f hal f m illi on dollars o f ce rti ficates o f indebtedness upo n the city w hich
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i s but th e feathered edge o f the wedge means a blanket mortgage upon ,
your home whic h w ill grow and sp read worse than a bed o f dandelions .
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The acqu irement of more grou nd fo r depot purpo ses i s a mere subter fuge .
I t has been an open sec ret for years among comme rc ial m en that the
union depot w henever i t i s e recte d wi ll be located at the M i nnesota
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T rans fe r and nowhe re else All the leadi ng j obbers have al ready pu r
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chased thei r future S ites in the M i dway di strict and such an argument ,
as that o f Chie f E ngineer Harrold i s p ractically conclusive '
W hen the el even great trunk l ine s w hose j oi nt f reight yards are
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no w located i n the M i dway di strict conclude to erect a j o int passenge r

station alongsi de o f thei r j oint f reight yard ; and they neve r w ill e rect
two union depots any more than they w ill eve r put i n tw o M innesota
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Transfers ; then they wi ll nee d no m ore adv ice f rom the M i dway di strict
than f rom the dail ie s o f e ithe r ci ty E conomy and co nvenienc e fo r al l .
tim e t o come and not the cost o f the real estate nor the pipe dreams
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o f gho st dancers w ill determi ne the choice The hi story and growth o f
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these two municipal itie s are not w ithi n the scope o f thi s article but a ,
steamboat landing at the head o f navigation on the M i ssi ssippi river was
the beginni ng o f St Paul s great wholesale and shipping i ntere sts and a
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fl ou r mill on St Anthony fall s M i ssissipp i rive r the nucleu s around

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which M inneapol i s mammoth m illing i nterests have been built Up

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To construct two uni on stations at thi s no rthwest gateway w ithin ,
ten m ile s o f each other c o sting appr oximately ,

each woul d ,
be an economic error I t woul d al so tend i n no small measu re to c o n

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tin ne the in divi dual ity o f the se two citi es which i s n o t to be desi red and , ,
i t woul d not afford the travel i n g public the simpl icity o f se rvi ce which
one u nion station w ith i ndivi dual borough an d subu rban stations w oul d
a f ford .
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E ve rything that tends to l ead the public m ind to th ink o f thi s dual
municipal ity as one c ity tend s to set the publ ic m in d right on a very i m
po rtant subj ect ; not only i mportant to the M i dway d i stri ct itsel f nor .
yet to the two municipal itie s themselves but to the enti re northwest ,
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What c a n be mo re detrimental to the northwest than thi s choking sti fl ing . ,
strangl ing o f the very Gate w ay o f the N orthwest itsel f ? H ad all th e

new re sidents o f the Mi dway di stri ct si nce the consol idation o f the cor ,
p o r a t i o n s stoo d as loyally by the M i d w ay N e w s a s do the olde r re si dents

o f M e rriam Park the Twin Ci ty Union Depo t would have been erected
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long ago ; Tw i n City woul d have one o r two hundred thou sand mo re
population and th e enti re northwest woul d be relatively bette r o ff I t
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all depends upon the M i dway di strict peopl e themselves .
W e may not be able to accept all these premi se s adopt all the conclu ,
sions or j oi n i n all the prophec ies but w e mu st adm i re the superb loyalty .
to consti tuency di splayed i n thi s p re sentation and the i ntell igent devotion ,
o f its w rite r to what i n h i s opin ion the general inte rest demands
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NE W W AT E R P OW E R C ORPORATIO N
Anothe r p roj ect o f more immediate importance because p romising

earli er results relates to the M i dway district but has i ntereste d all the
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peopl e o f both citi es Thi s i s the new corporation i ncluding representa

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t i v e s o f the c ity o f St Paul the city o f M inneapol is and the Universi ty o f

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M innesota The corporation i s form e d for the purpose o f controlling the

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powe r to be develope d by the high dam I ts corporators are Mayor Kel .
le r o f St Paul M ayor Haynes o f M inneapoli s and John L ind p resi dent

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o f the Board o f Regents o f the State University Thi s i s i n accordance .
wi th the special act o f the legislatu re enabl ing St Paul to u nite w ith .
Minneapoli s and the Universi ty o f M innesota i n obtai ning whatever bene

fits may be derived from pow er to be devel oped by t h e high dam across the _
M issi ssipp i now in the course o f constructi on near the S oldiers Home I t
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i s believed electricity c a n be g en e r at e d s o cheaply by t hi s metho d that

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there w ill be a material savi ng in the co st o f street lighting an d l ighting

o f municipal and state bui ldings in the two citi es Unde r the act o f co n
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gress the corporati on authori zed by the legi slature and sanctioned by the
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l egislative branches o f the two citie s w il l deal w ith the government for ,
the control o f the p ower paying fou r per cent interest o n the addit i onal ,
co st o f the dam nece ssi tate d to develop thi s po wer The corporation will .
be requi red to furni sh the p ower equipment but w ith the p ow er at hand ,
i t i s thought there w il l be no di f ficulty i n negotiating a bond i ssu e to cover

thi s cost .
NE W E R A OF C ITY B UI L DI NG RE U IR E D
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That a ne w e ra O f c i ty building has dawned upo n the wo rl d i s ap
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parent to thinki ng men and that each city must improve all its advantages, _
i s a trui sm St Paul has advantages i n the M idway district which can

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not be ignored Citie s have been handicappe d by starting on their civic

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career be fore a l l th e mo dern improvements which di stingu ish a mode rn

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c ity f rom a be rg o f old shoul d have been di scovered There has never .
been a moment like the p resent for a town to start itsel f i n ; taking a d
vantage o i all the le ssons learned by m an since the days o f B abylon the
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p romote rs o f a new town site can bu il d bette r tha n any other promoters
have ever kno wn The re i s always the possibi lity that the year 2 1 1 1 wi ll
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find the city o f 1 9 1 1 improve d And yet such have been the i nventions .
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o f the past decade that i t would seem the city i s pretty fully revealed .
What the future shall add cannot be much more than by way o f o rnament .
. St Paul i s not getting i nto thi s game any too soon E v ery business .
man knows what over c o n fi d en c e easy satis faction let well enough alone
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w ill do to hi s bu si ness Competitors rivalry the e xistence o f a competi

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tor who i s pushing ahead threatens the bu si ness which rests on its laurels ,
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Rivalry between cities i s j ust as keen and active as between enterpr ises a n d
industries Th e successful bu siness man studies al l phases o f hi s i n
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divi dual problem The city which does the same thing and does it i n
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t e l l i g e n t l y persistently and with a keen eye to the future gains relatively

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j ust as much as the bus i ne ss m an who employs the same metho ds The .
only trouble i s expressed in the ol d axi o m What i s everybo dy s business ,

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i s nobody s busi ness ’
Thi s i s the noti on wh ich mu st b e corrected
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What i s everybody s interest i s everybody s busin ess We shal l have
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l eaders o f course as the very word organi zation implies b ut we must

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have team work And nowhere w ill l eadership and team work and civic
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enthusiasm yiel d ri cher rewards than a due attention to the problems i n

volved i n the best p ossible use o f our exclusive an d inalienabl e asset the ,
Mi dway di strict i n St Paul . .

CHA PT E R L VI I
S U B URB A N T OWN S
CITY A ND S UBU RBS C L OS E L Y RE L AT E D— D IR E C T L Y T RI BUTARY To S T P A U L

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S OUT H S T P A U L A N D O T H E R D A KOTA COUNTY S UBURBS— N ORT H

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S T P AU L— E L E C TRI C ITY A D ISTRIBUTOR— O TH E R NE W C A N AD A S UB

URBS—W H IT E B EAR LA K E RE GION —M OU N D S V I E W T OW N SH IP R OS E
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T OW N S H I P A s S UBURB A N T ER R I TO R Y — R A M S E Y C OUNT Y S F I N E R OAD S ’
The p roblem s an d p ossibi litie s o f the Tw i n City are di scu sse d i n an

othe r chapter Whatever the future may have i n store relative to the
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o rganic union o f S t Paul and M inneapoli s that event w ill probably be

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p receded by the absorption into a Greater S t Paul o f al l the suburban .
towns now lying within the boundaries o f Ram sey county and later by ,
the absorption i nto a stil l greater St Paul o f certai n othe r suburbs which
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lying i n othe r counties i nvolve di ff erent and more di fficul t questions o f

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pol icy and p rocedur e .
CITY A N D S U BURBS C L OS E L Y R E L AT E D
That a city should control its envi rons and that the latter are on the ,
whole benefited by such control i s one o f the di scove ri es o f recent years

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T hi s control might seem to imply only a supervision o f the physical de

v e l o p m e n t but it i s believed that the political corporati on shoul d embrace
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a te rritory so large as to i nclude all o f the subu rban population wh ich i s

immediately i denti fie d w ith the central organization Th is i s i n sym .
pathy with the true democ racy o f community l i fe and constitutes a bal ,
ance wheel between the various elements o f soci ety The subu rbs a re .
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i n interest and i n sympathy as much a part o f th e central corporation

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a s though embrace d i n its pol i tical o rganization and to achieve the highest ,
state o f perfection o f communi ty li fe there shoul d be the most intimate

relations both physi cal and pol itical between them
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T here has been a n extraordinary change O f thought i n city planning

du ri ng recent yea rs Den sity o f populati on sci entific sanitation the tele
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phone rapid transit the automobile u sed both for passenge rs and fre ight
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have c reated conditi on s not thought o f fort y years ago w hich wh ile send , ,
i ng many o f the peopl e beyond the co rporate limits h av e b r o u gh t the resi ,
dents O f the c ity an d suburbs i nto close r relati ons ; so that the problem s
o f gove rnment functions o f the two whil e i dentical a re separate d by an
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imaginary line There was a time w hen the city had but to rega rd the
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p robl em s and dangers that lurked i n the dense population w ithi n its
l imits The time has now c om e when i ts attention mu st embrace a c o n
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s i d er ab l e area w ithout The thought and energy o f the city o f tomorrow

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mu st be focu sed on a proper development o f its suburbs that they may ,
supplement the needs o f the central city .

6 28 S T PAU L AN D VI C I N I TY
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Park Union Park Hamli ne Warrendale e tc all now parts o f the M i d

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way di strict and treated o f in the chapter devote d to that region The
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othe r suburbs di rectly tributary to St Paul but lying beyond i ts limits

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i n Ramsey Washin gt on and Dakota counties a re the obj ects o f ou r

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p re sent i nqui ry .
S OUT H S T P AU L A N D O T H E R D A KOTA C OU NTY S UBURBS

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The City O f South St Paul i s the l a r g e s t o f these suburbs I t i s

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locate d on the west bank o f the M ississippi rive r five m iles below S t Paul .
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with w hich it i s al so connecte d by the Great Western an d the Rock I sland -
rail road s a n d by the Twi n C ity electric l ine I t has an area o f about 20 .
square mi les a population o f more than and doe s a large l ive stock -
bu siness being the seventh largest market o f its ki nd i n the U nited States
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The re are 2 50 acre s in th e yards and employee s I n 1 9 1 1 the yards .
received carl oads aggregating ,

head o f stock worth ,
nearly The fi fth large st packi ng industry i n the country

i s he re .
All o f the stockyard s bu il dings are fitted up w ith eve ry modern c o n

v en i e n c e fo r conducting an extensive business L arge silos have been .
constructe d fo r the p repa ration and handling o f winter feed ; an a d m i r

able sewerage system drains the land ; a n abundant supply o f pure water
has been obtai ned from artesian wells conveni ent to al l the buil dings ; ,
ice i s harve sted in the v ici nity o f the yards at a comparatively low cost .
T he situation o f the stockyards i s all that c a n be desi red an d the e stab ,
l i s h m e n t o f thi s industry has been o f incalculable value to the a g r i c u l

tural interests o f the N orthwe st Much o f the material that i s needed .
for sustainin g the l ive stock i s obtained i n M innesota and thou sands o f ,
farme rs fin d i t to thei r p rofit to engage i n grow ing corn a n d othe r fodde r ,
an d I n rai sing cattle needed fo r the market which the stockyards c r eate .
The fact that the re i s at S outh St Paul a market fo r all the l ive stock .
which the N orthwe st c a n rai se means that the farmers c a n get money ,
any time they want it I t has bee n p ointed out by agricultu ral e xperts
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that it i s l ess trouble to rai se a 2 1 0 pound l1 0g from spr i ng to fall than

it i s to plow harrow seed and harve st an ac re o f grain yet the retu rns
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are about the same i n dollars to say nothi ng o f the value added to the ,
soil by 5giving i t a re st whil e the attention i s devoted to live stock Com .
pari son o f the receipts at the S outh S t Paul market and the markets o f .
other We stern packing centers will S how that the local receipts are well
to the front considering the shorte r l ength o f time which the local estab
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l i s h m e n t has been i n operation At time s when othe r markets show a

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fall ing o ff compared w ith p reviou s years the cars are rolling into thi s ,
center w ith largely inc rease d receipts The people o f the Northwest are .
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appreciating a market near to them and are sending more and more o f
thei r l ive stock here .
The yea rly total s o f money pai d out fo r live stock locally are now
near the mark and are constantly grow ing as bette r methods
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o f farmi ng a re becoming extended and an imal hu sband r y i s given an ,
i ncreasingly large place on the average farm I f the city has grown .
rich wi th the passing years i t cannot be sai d i n the face o f such figures , ,
that it has been at the e xpen se o f the country The sell ing value o f the .
p roduce o f the farm s o f the northwe st ha s been increased many times

ove r by the broad and ce rtain outlet here provided E stabli shed less than .
twenty fiv e years ago the St Paul Union Stock Yard s and the variou s
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packing establi shments at South St Paul have devel ope d into one o f the .
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greatest live stock centers on the continent and continue to S how growth ,
fully in keep ing w ith the development w ithin the territory which the
market serves I t has bee n a soli d growth the kind upon which the
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future rests secure an d w h i c h b ea r s p romi se o f continuing i ndefinitely

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E very p rovision i s made for the handling o f stock i n a rapi d manner ,
the stock yards having a daily capacity o f cattle hogs and ,
sheep Thi s amount o f stock woul d requ ire upwards o f

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railroad cars to haul ; hence it w ill be readi ly seen that there i s nothing
d i m u n i t i v e about the market .
M odern packing i deas have been carried out in every detail o f the ar '
rangements Fou r packing e stabli shments contribute to the outlet for

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the stock locally and the market attracts buyers f rom eastern and western
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c iti es so that there i s always demand to insure a market for everything

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that 1 3 sent in for sale The great variety o f the by products o f the i nst i
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t u t i o n s and the great diversity i n geographi cal location o f the place o f

consumption interest all v i sitors The j aws and skull s o f cattle for ex .
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ample are chipped into small pieces and sol d for chicken feed I n I owa
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The blood i s groun d for stock feed The various fe rtil izers not otherwi se .
used go to the south to ai d i n raising cotton an d to Japan to coax the

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mulberry tree to grow stronger ; The hog hair i s worth fiv e cents a pound
i n Phi ladelphia w here it i s sent to make hai r mattresses The blood o f a
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hog i s worth $ 55 a ton while the white hoo fs demand $ 80 to $ 2 00 a ton

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The shi n bone s o f cow s are care fully washed and cleansed and sawed into
meat len gt hs These are sol d i n Connecticut and othe r places i n the east
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where firms make o rnaments f rom them The white hoo fs o f cattl e .
and hogs are sent to Japan where they find a ready market for the prepa ,
ration o f some sort o f medicine Othe r hoo fs and horns go east w here .
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ornaments o f various sorts are made .
The hi des o f cattle and sheep bring l ar ge p rices The sheep w hich .
are i n p rope r condition have thei r hi des made i nto sheep ski n coats while -
the hi des o f cattle and hogs are conve rted i nto leather at the large new
tannery adj acent to the pack ing plants Over pounds o f but .
t e r i n e a yea r constitute another b y — p roduct There i s an enormou s hen .
house unusually clean whe re chickens are kept to be fed for two
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weeks on a mixture o f milk and cereal be fore being killed for the market .
South St Paul i s not wholly dependent on i ts stock market an d pack

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ing industry S ixteen manu facturing establi shments o f various ki nds as

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wel l as a ful l quota o f s tores and othe r busi ness e stabl i shments go to ,
make up the li st o f enterprise s which provi de a l iving for the people o f

the thriving city The municipality i s full awake to its opportunities and
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i s making rapi d stri des i n the matter o f local improvements tak ing time ,
to groom itsel f well in accordance with the standards set by publ ic opi ni on
I o r a com munity en j oying much o f worl dly p rosperity and asp iring for
more A bank a newspaper school s churches and other publ ic insti

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t u t i o ns attest the thri ft and enter p ri se o f the p eo p le .
South St Paul stands t oday a monument to the sagac ity and publ ic
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S pi rit o f A B Stickney p resi dent a n d buil der o f the rai lroad on which
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it was located who devi sed the p lan i n 1 886 B acke d by such associates
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as Ansel Oppenheim William Daw son James B Power and Arnol d , ,

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Kalman encou raged by the Chamber o f Commerce and business men o f

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St Paul M r S tickney bol dly took the i nitiative at an opportune time

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and secured results fo r the city which no e ff orts O f rival s have even been .
able to neutralize “
630 S T PAUL AND V I C I N I TY
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South o f the city o f South S t Paul l ies its residence suburb I nve r .
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Grove the site o f the ol d I ndian town K ap o s i a on a sightly and salu

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b r i o u s blu f f a station o n two railroads the terminu s o f the electric line

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an d the proposed starti ng poi nt for new electri c roads reaching i nto the
rich agri cultural counties to the southwa rd .
No rth o f South St Paul and l yying between i t and the city p roper i s
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We st S t Paul a residence suburb o f St Paul w ith an i ncreas i ng po pu l a

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t ion that constitutes the overflow o f the c ity in that di rection .
I nve r Grove South S t Paul a n d West St Paul togethe r w ith the

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hi storic village o f Mendota stil l further west all l ie i n Dakota county , , .
Me ndota was once the only tow n i n M innesota— a town decades be fore
St Paul was dreame d o f I t lost out in the race fo r precedence and has
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l ong been somnolent But wi th the qu ickening hi sto ric interest M en

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dota i s coming into its ow n a permanent position as cente r and custodian,
for the hi storic memories o f the state and the N orthwest The S ibley .
house has p rove d a desi re d M ecca and not only d o people j ourney ,
thither to inspect thi s anci ent dwelling but f rom every part o f the state
subj ects o f histo ric inte rest a re com ing to a final and secure re sting place .
M endota i s to become beneficiary o f much imp rovement A new statio n .
i s to be bu ilt by the St Paul road an d a general ai r of happy p re servati on

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wi ll settle down ove r the place M endota may neve r lend its fortunate .
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name o f Meeting Place o f the Waters to the uni te d c iti es but it may ,
become the adm i red rel ic o f thei r ance stry .
N ORT H S T P A U L .
The second i n imp ortance o f the towns adj acent a n d di rectly tribu
tary to S t Paul is North S t Paul locate d in Ramsey county only a mile
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beyond the northeaste rn limits o f the city o n the Chicago divi sion o f the ,
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S oo railroad and the Stillwater electric l i ne The di stance f rom the .
busi ness cente r o f the city to that o f the village i s seven m iles ; the elec
tric cars run hal f hourly ( on spec ial days quarte r hourly ) the time c o n
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sumed i n transi t i s twenty fiv e minutes -
North S t Paul i s a very bu sy place—o n e o f the busiest and most

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prosperous o f its si ze i n the northwe st E very able bodied man there is .

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a worke r drone s and adventurers finding neithe r a ffi l iation nor enc o u r

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a ge m e n t
. I t i s a well organize d community havi ng an e ffi cient and i n ,
expensive municipal government ; e xcellent graded school s an d high

school ; electri c street l ights ; a compl ete system o f wate r wo rks ; an e f
f e c t i v e fi re department ; fine parks and drives ; thi rty fiv e mile s o f grade d -
streets ; three miles o f stone si dewalks ; telephone an d telegraph servi ce ;

a beauti ful like resort ; five churche s ; a bank new spaper an d comme rcial ,
club ; stores i n all l ines ; cheap home s fo r busine ss an d working m e n ;

every com fort conve nience and luxu ry o f modern city l i fe Thi s develop
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ment and activity i s based o n t h e e xi stence an d dai ly success ful ope ration
o f hal f a dozen manu facturing e stabl i shments as w ell a s on i ts position ,
as a re si dence subu rb .
The v illage j uri sdicti on extends ove r a n area o f fou r square m i le s in ,
the northeast corne r o f New Canada to w nship O f thi s a rea 7 50 ac res .

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embracing the town si te prope r constituted from 1 8 7 2 to 1 88 7 the farm , .
and summer home o f H enry A Castle I n the latte r year the N orth . .
S t Paul L and Company pu rchased the t ract and establi shed a m a n u f ac

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turing subu rb I n spite o f the usual vici ssitudes wh ich have attended such
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enterpri ses the town has achieved a final degree o f prospe rity which vin
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6 32 ST PAU L A N D V I CI N ITY
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out ; no law ns to mow ; no cats on the bac k fence at night ; no phone calls
for othe r partie s ; no dust clouds f rom dirty pavement ; no autos snorting
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out i n f ront at 2 o clock i n the morning ; no houses goi ng up ne xt doo r ;
no i c e men tracking up the kitchen ; no plumbing out o f o rder and no
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book agents Marvel not that the advance notices o f such enj oyment
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have thei r i nsi stent charm .
O T H E R NE W C A NAD A S UBURBS
Othe r subu rban towns i n N ew Canada township are Gladstone and

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L ittle C anada or S t John s C ity Gladstone i s at the j uncti on o f the
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So o rail road w ith the D uluth divi sio n o f the No rthern Paci fic a m ile ,
beyond L ake Phal en I t has the repai r shop s o f the latte r railway the
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nucleus o f a thrivi ng settlement L i ttle Canada has a hi story almost .
antedating St Paul I t was settled by Pierre and Benj ami n Ge rvai s i n

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1 844 w ho w ere soon follow ed by other French Canad ians mo stly farme rs
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i n the neighborho od A m il l was built also a school house and a Cathol ic

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chu rch ; a sto re and post O f fice were e stabl i shed and although the v illage ,
has never achieve d a large growth i t has a lways remained a social center ,
and a rallying poi nt fo r the numerou s descendants O f the o riginal settlers .
T he fi rst Catholi c chu rch was dedicate d i n 1 8 52 and on August 1 8 1 9 1 2 , , ,
the sixti eth annive rsary O f that event was celebrate d w ith imposing ,
ce remonie s Hazel Park founde d in 1 8 8 7 by William L Ame s i s w ithin

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the cit y l imits at the j u ncti on o f the N orthwestern Rail road with the
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S tillwate r electric l ine ; besi des bei ng a fi ne residence suburb it i s the loca
tion o f a large industrial plant that o f the I nternational Flax Tw ine ,
Company .
W H IT E B E A R LA K E RE G IO N
Wh ite Bear i s one o f the two townships o f Ramsey county which sti ll
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remai n o rganically e xempt from the e f fects o f St Paul s re si stless e x .
pa n s i o n ; howbeit by no means e xempt f rom the thronging but doubtle ss

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welcome invasions o f S t Paul c iti zens seeking tempo rary o r permanent .

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places o f abode It i s the northeastern tow nshi p o f Ram sey county and
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derive s its name f rom its spl endi d lake the largest i n the county and one ,
o f the p opular summe r resorts o f the great no rthwe st The fi rst settlers .
i n the township were French Canadians the ove r fl ow from the adj acent ,
hamlet O f L ittle Canada They we re John V adnai s a n d Davi d Garceau .
who came i n 1 846 and l ocated nea r V adnai s L ake ,

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The fi rst settle r at White Bear lake was V B Barnum who came , . . .
to M innesota i n 1 8 39 an d locate d at Still water unti l 1 8 49 when b e r e

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move d to St Paul whe re he remai ned until 1 8 52 when he came to th e

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l ake and made a purchase an d o n that w il d spot where long stood the ,
L ei p Hou se surrou nde d w ith cottage s and beauti ful groves he erected ,
h i s fi rst l og cabin H e cove re d i t w ith elm bark as he could not obtai n

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the shingle s at that time I n 1 8 54 he opened 11 1 5 house as a hotel for .
tou rists and was o ften crowded by tho se w h o sought the lake to hunt and
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fish I n 1 8 57 he sol d the house to John L amb who made add itions and
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repai rs and run i t fo r about a yea r ; then the h ouse was partially de
stro y ed by fi r e I n 1 860 the p roperty reverte d to M r Barnum and h e .
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kept i t until 1 8 66 when he sol d his enti re i nte re st to Will iam L eip
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The fi rst store opened at White Bear lake wa s by Daniel Getty i n

1 8 7 0 i n a smal l buil din g near th e depot i n which he kept a general stock .
o f merchandi se I n 1 8 7 5 he erecte d h i s sto re corner o f Clark avenue

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S T PAUL AN D VI C I N I TY
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6 33
and Thi rd street two stories high the upper story being fi tted up for a
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publ ic hall The p o s to ffi c e was opene d by J C Murray who was a p

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p ointed i n 1 8 58 ; he received for hi s pay the revenue o f the offi ce which ,
amounted for the first year to $ 2 3 5 Daniel Getty receive d the ap

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p o in t ment J a nuary I 1 8 7 1 H is first year s returns from the o f fice were
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$29 The village o f White Bear was i ncorporated i n April 1 88 1 with , ,
the following board o f offi cers Daniel Getty chai rman ; J C Murray .
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L L Bacon F W B enson and P H Long aldermen

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For many years Daniel Ge tty a veteran o f the War for the Union an , ,
energetic and use ful citizen was a leader i n movements fo r the goo d o f ,
the tow n i n all its material moral an d religious interests Along di ff er

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ent l ines William L eip was al so active and effi cient The se two per hap s
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the best known to outsi ders o f al l t h e men at Whi te B ear passed away , ,
so m e years ago but le ft many worthy successors

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The village p rope r o f White Bear as di stingui shed from the numer
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ou s cottage settlements around the lake has about inhabitants w ith , ,
PA V I L IO N A ND WAT E RFRO NT W H IT E B E AR L A K E ,
a municipal o rganization store s factories schools churches and al l the

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eleme n ts o f a permanent progressive town I t has direct connection with .
St Paul Stillwate r and M inneapoli s by branche s o f the Duluth railroad

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which unite he re I t als o has connection by e lectric line v i a Wi ldwood

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w ith an hourly se rvic e .
White B ear lake i s about si x miles i n di am eter and has forty miles
o f shore l ine all blu ff s and slopes beauti ful ly wooded Several ste am
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boats and i nnumerable yachts and l aunches ply its waters ,whic h are clear
and col d and deep Fi sh ing row ing an d saili ng are favorite summer
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recreations It lies O nly ten miles from the business center o f St Paul
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and is thus easily accessible by rail elect ric car o r automobile There ,
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were formerly several large hotels on the lake but these have m ostly ,
give n place to clubs Blue Flower I nn pavilion etc Manitou i sland

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connecte d w ith the mai n land by a bridge i s covere d w ith natural forests , ,
trees o f large growth and o f varietie s distinct from those found i n the
6 34 ST PAU L A N D V I C I N I TY
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surrounding country It i s lai d out with park ways and walks hand
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some l awns and lovely summer h ome s .
The lake i s almo styenci rcled by the branches o f the St Paul and Still .
wate r electric l i n e wh ich diverge at Wildwood at the southeastern ex

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t r em i t y o f the lake These branche s give access not only to the perma
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nent v illage o f White B ear but to all the clusters o f cottage s and home s ,
establi shed at the f requent stations or stopping poi nts Wi ldw ood i s .
one o f the show places o f the northwe st with al l the features o f a park , ,
lake an d summer re sort and O f fe ring everything i n the way o f clean

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wholesome en t e r ta i n m e i i t A s a place o f pleasant rec reation Wild .

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w ood s popularity i s testi fied to by the thou sand s who avail themselves o f
i ts advantages every yea r The handsome new brick Casi no contains a .
splendid dance hall a re staurant and a broad observation porch ove r

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looking the lake a ff ording a fine re sting place Mahtomed i founded

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thi rty years ago as a Methodi st summe r colony with a spaci ou s amphi ,
theater C h autauqua ci rcl es e tc has gradually become a very charm ing

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and unique hom e settlement fo r the hot months with sco res o f congenial ,
familie s rusticating on its rolling hi lls un der the grate ful shade o f its ,
thick fore sts Other groups o f man sions and cottages are found at
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S tation s o n the steam or electric li ne s among which are the follow i n g :

Lakew ood Bellai re Grove Park Cal e d o n 1a L ake View Dellwood Cot
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tag ew o o d White B ear Beach B i rchwo od Cottage Park Lake Shore

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R o m a l e y Park and E ast Shore E ach o f the se g r o u p s o r settlements .

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const i tutes in a sense a suburban t own If or the s um me r season A s a

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rule the residents are acquaintance s i n t h e c ity and maint ai n at the lake
side the social amen it i es to which they are accu stomed
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The I sland and the Peninsul a both i solated from electri c and ,
rai l transpo rtation h ave many fine re si dences reache d by carriage or

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automobile .
Poetry and rhapsody h ave cel ebrated the del ights o f a summe r at the
lakesi de but nei the r has been able to exaggerate them B radner Mathews
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w r 1 t es :
Yes it i s beauti ful ; thi s peace ful scene

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O f shimmeri ng lake deep i n the woodland green

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With happy brow n knee d chi ldren youth and mai d

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An d elde r fol k in summe r white arrayed ,
At tenni s gol f and boati ng— al l at play

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Wherew ith they while these golden hours away .
And White Bear ha s its legend The Indians supposed it to be pos .
sessed w ith the spi rit o f a w hite bear which was about to sp ring on to the ,
wi fe O f one o f thei r young brave s but wa s shot by him ; and its spi rit
had haunte d the i slan d and lake si nce an d had my steri ou sly di spo sed o f
several o f the ir braves .
One o f the attraction s o f the vi llage o f White Bear i s the E pi scopalian

chu rch St John in the Wil de rness organized i n 1 86 1
, . The chu rch was ,
.
e rected the same year on a l ot situated near the east sho re o f Goose lake .
The church was consecrated by Rev D r Patterson o f St Paul in August . . .

, ,
1 86 1 . I t remained on that spot unti l the w inter o f 1 8 74 w hen i t was ,
deci ded to remove i t to its present location .
I n additi on to White B ea 1 the re are seven l akes i n th i s t own shi p that ,
are mapped and meandered some o f them quite extensive No rthwest ,
one m ile l ie s Bald E agle lake which occupie s one an d one hal f sections ,
-
6 36 ST PAU L AN D VI C I N I TY
.
easy distance o f electri c connectio n w ith M inneapoli s I t has a thri fty .
and enterpri sing population w ith seve ral flouri shi ng i ndustrial establi sh ,
ments and a larger p ro spective developm ent o f i ts stock handl ing and -
packi ng i nterests .
I t i s thus seen that outside the c ity limits o f St Paul the re are i n , .
, ,
Ramsey county three vi llage o rganizations — North S t Paul White Bear

, .
,
and N ew B righton — and f ou r township organizations M ound s View ,

’
Ro se New Canada an d White B ear

,
.
R OS E T OW N S H I P AS S UBURB A N TE RRITORY
Rose tow nship like N ew Canada has lost hal f its te rri tory to the city
, , ,
but stil l retain s its admini strative autonomy so to sp eak The first set , .
t l e m e n t made i n the tow n o f Rose was by Stephen Denoyer in the spring ,
o f 1 843 o n the bank o f the rive r i n section 3 2 Th e year follow ing he

, , .
located on the site w he re hi s O l d Hal f Way house long stood I n the -

.
fall o f 1 843 I saac Ro se located on the same section where h e r e m a i n e d ,

a
unti l 1 84 6 I n 1 84 3 L S F u r n e l l locate d o n a smal l lake a l ittle south

. . .
o f L ake Como Other early settlers we re Lewi s B ryan S P Fol som

.
, . .
,
L orenzo Hoyt W B Qui nn W G H endrickson A G Fo rd and D A

,
. .
,
. .
, . . . .
J Bake r The fir st roads opene d i n the tow n we re the ol d M il itary road

. .
,
St Paul and St Anthony the St Anthony and Como the St Paul and
. .
, .
, .
Lake Johannah and the S t Paul and L ake Superi o r roads,

. .
The mania fo r town si te and out l ot speculations struck the land - -
owners o f Ro se tow n as it did eve rybody el se in the l ively years o f 1 8 55 6 -

,
” ” “ “
and many additions parks e tc were platted at long di stance s , ,
.
,
f rom the c ity These lands reve rted to farm and garden pu rposes years
.
,
be fo re the c ity reache d them But the pre science o f thei r enthusiastic .
,
but too p recipitate p romoters i s vi ndicate d by the fact that Como Park ,
Hamline the State Fai r grounds the agricultural college the M innesota
, , ,
T rans fe r S t Anthony Park and many othe r inte rurban enterpri ses are
,
.
,
now l ocate d on groun d then belongi ng i n the resource ful townshi p o f

Rose I t i s a n otable fact that f rom the three ad j oining fa rm s of W G
. . .
Hendrickson Lo renzo Hoyt and W B Quinn near the pre sent State
, . .
,
Fai r grounds went forth thei r si x o r eight stalwart capable sons to

, , ,
achieve po sitions o f honor i n the pro fessi onal and pol itical li fe o f the
north west .
Reserve township having al l been i ncorporated i n the M i dway di s ,
triet O f St Paul i s re ferred to in that connection

.
,
.
Subu rban tow ns di rectly tributary to S t Paul S ituated i n Wa shington

, .
,
county on l ine s o f exi sting rail ways a n d on p rospective el ectric system s

, ,
are St Paul Park N ewport South Park Cottage Grove L ake E lmo
.
, , , , ,
Red Rock ( the Methodist camp meeting site ) Burl ington Heights and -
o the rs .
Some o f these subu rban town s su f fe red fo r several years f rom the
collapse o f the boom whi ch created them But most o f them have em .
e r g e d f rom that depression and now con stitute valuable adj uncts to the
city .
I t seem s that active promote rs an d great corporations are not the only
bodie s that c an make citie s spring suddenly out o f the w ilderness The ,
.
United States con sul general at H ongkong w ri te s that a l ittl e ove r a year
ago C hinese ca p itali sts began the construction O f a modern Chinese city on
the shore o f Y ehli bay ten mile s f rom Macao inner harbor I t w ill be ,
.
ST PAUL AND VI C I N ITY
. 63 7
called H u e n ge ho w and w ill di ff e r from other Chinese cities i n many

,
modern ways thought to be pecul iarly significant These di ff erences lead

"
.
the Chinese imperial maritime customs commissioner at Lappa to predict

i n hi s last annual report as quoted by M r Anderson that thi s new
, .
,
Chinese city w ith all foreign com forts will p rove a great attraction to
, ,
wealthy C hinese immigrants who are averse to going back to thei r ol d li fe

i n Chi na after having acqui red foreign habits li king and taste s in E urope
, , ,
and America Thus slow ol d China the last word i n inertia caught the
.
, ,
” “
progressive spi rit that overthrow s dynastie s adopts Get there E li as ,
her motto and begins a new career

, .
R A M S E Y C OUN TY S F I N E R OA D S ’
’
One element i n the rapi d development o f St Paul s suburban towns .
and lakesi de re sorts i s the i ncreas i ng excellence o f the county roads

,
leadi ng i n every di rection fro m the c ity To t he motor c ar tour i st who .

,
is i n the touring season omnipresent and exacting thi s i s a crowning

, , ,
advantage These roads are sai d to be the best in the state Ramsey
. .
county now has a network o f main thorough fare s macada mi zed o r im

proved wi th clay and gravel I t wi ll not be long until all important .
county roads w ill be imp roved i n a like manner Much o f the progress .
toward good roads i n Ramsey county has been due to the work o f J H . .
Armstrong county surveyor A vital help however has been the way
,
.
, ,
i n w hi ch the city o f St Paul has supplie d the funds N inety five p er

. .
-
cent o f the money u se d fo r county road buil ding have been donated by
’
St Pau l taxpayers M r Arm strong s part wa s i n see i ng that these funds
. . .
we re not wasted For many years the county had been patching roads
. .
The roads never got better There was enough money di ssipated upon .
_
patchi ng each year to bui ld a l ong stretch o f permanent roadway The .
next year the same process was repeated w ith the result that there was
no progress M r Armstrong made a defini te plan o f imp rovements i n
. .
volvi ng a d efini te amount of construction w ork each year H i s i dea was .
to make permanent roadways upo n main thorough fares H e made hi s .
grades and hi s line s right and then put i n a macadam that lasts In
,
. .
the meantime he kee ps up the repai rs upon permanent roadways That .
’
i s the sec ret o f Ramsey county s progress i n road maki ng i n the past f ew -
years and that i s one important contributory element i n the upbuil ding
,
o f her splendi d suburbs .
Suburban towns tributary to St Paul were formerly regarded by bu si .
ness men of the c ity as to some extent sapp ing its vitality diff using its
, , ,
energies and confusi ng its resources But long and favorable experience .
has changed that feel ing among the more thoughtful and di scerni ng I t .
is found that they are real and generous feeders to o ur retai l trade ; that
a very large percentage o f money pai d out fo r wages by suburban manu
f ac tu r e r s i s S pent i n the city stores ; that the citizens o f the tributary
towns are as loyal to the traditions and the interests of the city as the ,
average o f her ow n people and that all look forward to an o rganic ,
union wi th the greater St Paul or w ith the Twi n C ity o f the future
,
.
,
as a mandate o f i mpe rious destiny .

.
TH E
"
T WI N C ITY— PAU L M I N N E APO L IS
ST . A ND
640 ST . PAU L AN D VI CI N I TY
a generation become one magni ficent m etropoli s w ith M innehaha Fall s ,

”
the sparkling ornament o f a central pa rk N early twenty fiv e years .
ago ser i ous movements towards a un i on we re inaugu rated T he se

p rove d p rematu re but now that the consummation i s seen to be i n
,
evitable and i s adm ittedly a quarter o f a century neare r its accompl ish
,
ment that movement and later one s dese rve permanent record
, , .
On February 1 6 1 888 a meeting o f repre sentative s from the c o m , ,
m e r c i a l bodies O f both citie s was held at the St Paul Chambe r o f Com .
me rce The M inneapoli s delegation consi sted o f Judge I saac Atwate r

.
,
H G O M orri son T B Walker D D M c M i l l an Nel son Wi lliam s

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.
, .
, . .
, ,
B F N elson O C M e rriman Leande r Gorton W E Steele Clay M c

. .
,
. .
, , . .
,
Cauley John S Pillsbury an d J N ew ton N ind S t Paul was r e p r e

, . . . .
sented by D r Davi d Day Thomas Coch ran Hon H M Rice ex G o v

.
, , . . .
,
-
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Alex Ramsey W P M u rray J W M c Cl u n g E V Smalley B ishop

,
. .
, . .
, . .
,
J ohn I reland W C Wi ley A S Tallmadge D R Noyes Gen J T

,
. .
, . .
,
. .
, . . .
Averill Pete r Be rkey W M Bu shnell G e n J W B i shop D A Robert

, , . . .
,
. . .
, . .
~
son M N Kellogg D D M errill E S Norton and Capt H A Castle

,
. .
, . .
, . . . . . .
TH E T w o C ITI E S B E TROT H E D
M r M c Cl u n g called the meeting to o rder H e sai d :

. We have met .
to con fer togethe r u pon the common i nte re sts and the common dange rs
o f these two c ities We have not met to unite the citi es under one name
.
o r one government The union o f the citie s i s a matte r o f the future to

.
,
come naturally by th e l ogic o f events an d by evolution What we need .
now i s to recognize thi s fact and by w i se and united counsel and action s ,
to shape that future and make the most O f i t Twenty fiv e years o f .

-
stri fe and rival ry have simply served to harden ou r muscle s and develop
ou r energi es We only desi re by this con ference to tel egraph to the
.
worl d that these two ci ti es are to be o n e — not married now but betrothed , ,
and waiting the consent o f al l our relative s most interested W e w i sh .
simply to forecast the future and prepare for it What those common .
interests and common dangers o f both c ities are i s for us to find i n thi s ,
con ference and to provide fo r I desi re to nominate a gentleman whose .
heart has been large enough to tak e i n both citie s an d who has always ,
receive d the m ost liberal evi dences o f respect a n d a ff ection from both
citie s I nominate Hon I saac Atwate r as p re sident o f thi s con ference
. . .
H e i s one o f the ol dest citi zens o f the ancient city o f St Anthony and ,
h a s had experience i n u niting the c ities o f St Anthony and M inneapol i s . .
C O M M E R C IA L U N IO N
On assumi ng the chai r Judge Atwater sai d : The growth o f the , ,
Tw in Citie s has been remarkabl e Thi rty years ago that gentleman ( poi nt .
ing to H M Rice ) p redicted that S t Paul and St Anthony woul d form

. . . .
one great municipal ity B ut i f we have accompl i shed a great deal as .
3
separate cities what may we not becom e working for common interests
,
But great an d strong as we are a great danger i s looming up be fore u s , ,
an d we w i ll be w i se men to foresee a n d p revent thi s dange r I do not '

.
bel ieve the re i s a man in ei ther city that i s not heart a n d s o u l i n favo r o f .
a commercial union What the feel ing i s upon th e question o f one m u .
n i c i pa l i ty I cannot say although I am heartily i n favo r o f it

,
United we, .
”
nee d not fear ; w ithout it we have good ground for apprehension .
The secretary read an intere sting lette r f rom Rev E D N eill in . . .

,
ST PAUL A ND VI C I N I TY
. 641
whi ch he sai d : Fo r many years I have endeavored to impress o n you

and many other o l d friends that there i s a bette r land than this but this ,
does not confl ict with a strong conviction that there i s no better land on
”
thi s side o f the dark valley than that upon wh ich the Twi n C ities stand .
B i shop I reland was urgently called for The substance o f hi s r e .
“
marks was : I am much grati fied to see thi s e ff ort toward the union o f
the two cities I am charme d by the prospects o f a uni on at some time
. , .
You gentlemen know I am not a business man but I S peak as a general ,
observer The ol d rivalry I always looked upon as a pleasant family j oke

. .
N o rail road could come i nto St Paul w ithout going to M inneapol i s N o

'
. .
,
factory i n one but benefits the other I am certai nly grati fied to see men
, .
come together today rep resenting the best interests o f both ci ti es The , .
union will come about some time or other I f we protest the next genera .
,
’
tion w ill take it up and consummate it ; but I don t want to wait until
then : I am a man o f the present day and I want to enj oy some o f the
'
good things o f li fe as I go along I t i s ve ry r ight and p roper that th e .
men o f both citi es who have l ai d foundations and buil ded the state o f
,
M innesota shou l d one day unite cement and bless the union o f both
,
.
,
”
c 1 t i es .
Captai n M erriman S ai d : Thi s i s not a new question I have heard .
o f i t and tal ked o f it for thirty years We should ac t as one indivi dual .
i n p rotecting ou r rail road and navigation interests .
E x Governor Ramsey said he thought a union o f the two cities very

-
desi rabl e an d he woul d l ike to see it be fore he went hence

,
.
E x Gove rnor Pillsbury spoke briefly favoring coop eration on all

-
subj ects o f mutual i nte rest .
D r Day sai d :
. Philadelphia was formerly fiv e di ff erent cities Lon .
don E ngland i ncludes at present fi ve di ff erent counties Our obj ect i s to

, ,
.
have thi s question so agitate d that every man i n b Ot h cities shall be

anxiou s fo r the consummation o f thi s union I believe that we should .
every one o f us do as B i shop I reland does— say w e represent a city o f

,
'
population The time will come when either o f the two cities w ill
.
say li ke Ruth : Yes I will go ; thy people shall be my people and thy
‘
, ,
’
Go d be my God .
Thi s meeting resulted i n the appointment o f committee s f rom the pub

l ic associations o f the two cities which arranged for j oi nt action i n many ,
matters affecting the common business interests These arrangements .

,
have be en f rom time to ti m e ampli fied and have continu ously worked f or
, ,
the advantage o f a l l conce rned I n al l questions o f rail road development .

,
f reight charges improvements o f water ways outside competition etc the

, , , .
,
cooperation am ong bu siness men has been close and friendly .
In 1 890 certai n citi zens of St Paul saw fit to call the attention o f the
“
United States authorities to alleged violations o f l aw i n taking the census

o f M inneapoli s Thi s interrupted for a time the era o f good feeling
.
, , ,
but the fi nal result the convi ction and puni shment o f the lawbreakers
, ,
seemed to fully j usti fy the inte r vention .
H A N D OF T H E S T P AU L CH A M B E R OF C O M M E R C E
.
The S ubj ect o f the union o f the citie s was again brought be f ore the
S t Paul Chamber o f Commerce i n M ay 1 891 by a communication f rom
.
, ,
a citizen o f Mi nneapol i s u rgi ng attention to it Thi s communication .
was re ferre d to the committee o f stati stics and correspondence wh ich on ,
May 1 5 1 891 through Henry A Castl e chai rman subm itted a report
, ,
.
, ,
S T PAU L AN D VI CI N ITY
.
which was received and place d on file The followi ng are extracts : .
“
Up to thi s time it i s p robable that the competition and rival ry between
the two cities has bee n bene ficial to both however seeming l y exce ssive ,
i ts occasional mani festatio ns S harp colli sions have been and are a .
standing menace o f the situation but no coll i sions c an long paralyze the ,
fo rce s o f mutual interest and rec iprocal intercourse w hich inexorably ,
d raw the se communities togethe r The alleged animositie s between our .
p eople so notable to the outside world have been to a great extent i m

, ,
a g i n a r y based on a mi si nterp retation o f our j ournali sti c ameni tie s

,
An d .
eve n the period which seemed to develop moral o r sentimental impedi

ments to union has brought t ranscendent physi cal elements i n its favor
,
.
The interurban electric line w i th its liberal trans fer systems at the termin i
,
and its conclusive guarantee s o f p rosperi ty to the M i dway di stric t has ,
done i nfinitely more to unite these ci tie s than all combined adverse i n
flu e n c e s have done to separate them .
“
You r committee beli eves that the unio n o f St Paul and M inne .
a p o l i s i s practicable ; that it woul d be mutually a dvant ageous ; that the
time has com e to seriou sly consi de r the mean s and methods o f b ringing
about th i s result and that the pe opl e o f both cities are better prepared
,
f or thei r p roper consideration than at any epoch i n the past Your com .
m i t t e e has devi sed no scheme no r has i t tried to do so We can only , .
express our O pi nion as to the general p roposition— the union o f the two
citie s— which i s re fe rre d to u s We recommend that thi s chambe r place .
on record a dec ided expression in favor o f that p ropo sition As to how .
and when the movement i s to be i naugu rated the collective wi sdom o f ,

”
t h i s c h a m b e r must deci de .
On July 1 3 1 89 1 the St Paul Chambe r o f C ommerce a dopted the

, ,
.
followi ng : Resolved That the p resi dent o f thi s chambe r appoint a c o m

,
m i t t ee o f seven of wh ich number the p resi dent shall be one ; to be known

,
as the commi ttee o n th e union o f the Twi n Cities which comm ittee shall ,
have powe r to take such steps as appear to its member s to be most e x

p e d i e n t and p rope r to inaugu rate a movement for the speedy uni on o f St .
Paul and M inneapoli s .
“
Resolved fu rther That the chambe r through i ts p resident and sec
, ,
r etar y
,
urgently request the B oard o f T rade o f the c ity o f M inneapoli s
to appoint a committee w ith similar powers to c on fer and ac t w ith the
”
committee o f th i s body .
T he presi dent appoi nted as the Twi n Citi es committee M D Munn , ,

. .
,
chai rman : H F Stevens H A Castle Geo rge R Finch E V Smalley

. .
,
. .
,
.
, . .
and W H Sanborn A copy o f the above was duly forwarded to the

. . .
B oard o f Trade M inneapol i s

,
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M I N N E APO L I S D E CL I N E S
O I1 S eptembe r 9th the followi ng was receive d from the M inneapol i s

B oard o f T rade : I herewith i ncl ose copy o f report o f special committee
“
appointed to conside r you r communi cati on to ou r board relative to a p

'
poi nting a committee to take i nto consi derati on the un ion o f the c itie s
o f M inneapol i s and St Paul wh ich r e p o r t w as duly consi dered and
.
, ,
adopte d at ou r meeting o f thi s date .
You rs truly ,
B F N E L SO N Presi dent . .
,
.
The report thu s transmi tted expressed the opi nion that the app o m t
ment O f the committee requested would result i n n o advantage to M inne
S T PAU L A N D V I CI N I TY
.
o f St Paul have for twenty fiv e years looked to thi s c hambe r f or a cham

.
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p i o n s h i p o f al l the large r i nterests o f this city a n d thi s state unbiased by ,
factional o r i ndivi dual policies and thei r trust has neve r been betrayed
'
, .
The M inneapoli s commi ttee charge s that p reviou s committee s a p

po inted by th i s chamber to con fe r on matte rs o f cooperation have avoi ded
as far as possible all consideration o f the essential point at i ssue By .
the term essential point at i ssue i s evi dently meant the f requently reiter
,
‘
,
’
ated demands on the part o f M i nneapo lis that St Paul should surre nder .
to that c ity ce rtai n square m iles o f i ts territo ry as a prelim inary to

the consi deration o f a n y measures o f cooperat i on o r reciproc ity A s to .
thi s essential point your committee respect fully submit that while the S t .
Paul gentlemen w ho decl ined to yield to i t loyally rep r e sent a unanimous

sentiment o f thei r fellow c itizens i t i s evi dent that by the union o f the ,
two cities all futu re development o f the M i dway district w oul d equally
benefi t both M inneapol is and S t Paul . .
“
The B oard o f T rade committee vaunts the superiority o f M inne
ap o l i s yet i n the same breath i t plai ntively chi des S t Paul for declinin g
, .
to surrender certai n concede d advantages and thereby reduce i tsel f to a ,
fai r equal ity w ith M inneapol i s so as to negotiate on a level The o b ,

.
l i q u i ty o f v ision which fails to detect thi s i ncon si stency i s but one o f the
unique feature s o f that report The statement o f the committee that a .
space o f some fiv e m iles consi sti ng largely o f farm s a n d unsettle d di s

,
t r i c t s separates the c itie s proper w oul d even i f it we re true be no p r a c

, , ,
t i c a b l e bar to a unite d municipal ity since all o f that territo ry i s now ,
under the laws and ordinances o f one or the other ci ty But it i s not .
true There i s no ground i n the i n t e r u i b a n d istric t p roper that i s u sed

.
for farming I n thi s d istrict are the flourishing suburban v illage s o f

.
Uni on Park M e rriam Park St Anthony Par k M innesota Trans fer

, ,
.
, ,
Haml ine M ac a l e s t e r and Groveland and i t i s nea rly all platted into city
, ,
lots an d traversed by steam and electric lines .
“
The sp iri t o f resentment which permeates sai d document i s seem
i n gl y base d o n the allege d unp rovoke d hostili ty o f St Pau l toward M in .
neapol i s developed w ith in the past year We re fer to the record s o f the
,
.
fede ral court as j usti fying the acti on o f the St Paul m e n who exposed the .
flagrant consp iracy to vi olate the n a t i q n a l law to which w e p resume re fe r ,
ence i s made a nd thi s city has n o more reason to apologi ze for that action
,
than the law abi ding people o f M inneapoli s have f or cheri shing a p ro
longed resentment B ut we do not hold the whol e people o f M inneapoli s
.
responsible for th e i nconsi stencies o f thi s report o f thei r Boa rd o f Trade

committee I t may be true a s the comm i t tee all eges that publ ic opinion
.
, ,
in M inneapol i s i s overwhelm ingly un favorable to municipal union under

ex isting ci rcumstances although we have positive assu rance to the c o n
,
t r a r y f rom some o f the leading citizens o f that c ity We leave thi s que s .
tio n to be se ttled between the B oard o f Trade an d the people it pro fesses
to represent sati sfied that a subsidence o f un wo rthy p rej udices and u n
,
p rovoke d resentments w ill at no di stant day restore both the board and i ts
constituents to an alert appreciation o f thei r own i nte rests .
“
S t Paul accepted these suggestions i n good faith and w illingly places
.
that fact 011 1 ecord The near future w i ll ful ly vi ndicate ou r cou rse
St Paul a n d lM inneapol i s i n spite o f p rej udice and re sentment and Board
.
,
o f T rade commi ttees a re each day draw n nearer in inte rest ; in feeling and
i n destiny Opposit i on may delay but cannot p revent thei r ultimate c o n
.
,
solidation i n one magnificent metropol i s .
You r committee beg leave to recommend that the acceptance o f the

. 6 45
overtures o f ce rtai n c itizens o f M inneapol is for a discussion o f the p roposi

tio n for a union o f the two cities and the request containe d in the resolu
tion adopted by this chamber be r eafli r m e d We recommen d that all o f .
the reports and resoluti ons on thi s subj ect both o f thi s chamber and o f ,
the M inneapoli s B oard o f Trade be sp read upon our records and publ ished ,
i n our next annual report .
The report was unanimous l y adopted by the chamber and there the ,
matter rests to thi s day on the face o f the records But the thoughts o f
,
.
the people an d the ir conversations and the suggestions o f vi sitors f rom

, ,
Presi dent Ta ft to the transient magazine writer consta ntly tu rn to the sub ,
j ec t o f consoli dation w ith accelerated i m p e t u s s av e w here occasionally

,
.
w
uninterrupted by some new cause o f f riction like that o f the p roposed ,
packing p lant in 1 909 The movement toward union i s inexorable The

. .
legal p r o blems involved would no doubt be novel and intricate Prece , , .
dents may be sought i n vain f or a similar case But where desti ny poi nts . ,
the way h uman acumen will find a commodious thorough fare E ven L on
,
.
don long the pseu donym o f an inchoate aggregation o f i ncongruou s parish

,
“
TW I N C ITY STR EE T C AR L I N ES
’
and municipal governm ents or no governments surrounding the real city ,
o f only inhabitants ruled by an absurd and obsolete trades union

,
system inherited from the cross—bow an d quarter staff era— even London -
has been reduced to a semblance o f systematic oversight .
CO M PARISO N WIT H O TH E R G RE AT CITI E S
. M any elements have fixed thi s locality as the S ite o f a splendi d commer
c i a l and industrial metropoli s for the magnitude o f which the united areas
,
o f the two exi sting citie s extensive as they are w ill w ithin a few years be
, , ,
inadequate They stand fou r hundre d miles advanced beyond any possi ble
.
,
rivalry at the natural f ocu s o f a tributary empi re millions o f square miles

, ,
i n extent o f unsurpassed agricultural and m ineral resource s and only in

,
the in fancy o f i ts developmen t They easily dominate the gol den heart o f
'
the N orth American continent Their growth in the past has been phe .
n o m e n al Thei r p resent condition i s sound and p rom ising It will only

. .
be necessary to maintain the rate o f progress establ i shed during the past
few decades to pl ac e t h e Twi n C ity among the three or four leaders in the
_
nation A fi nancial expert and writer on business topics who spent a

.
,
.
month here i n 1 9 1 1 work ing o n an article entitled The Twin C i ty the ,
Future M etropol i s o f N orth Ameri ca said : The Tw in City shows ,
greater imp rovement than any other ci ty I have visited and I have been
i n p ractically all o f the important c ities o f the world The last time .
I was i n S t Pau l was i n 1 904 and I am amazed at the wonderful grow th

.
,
s ince that time I am sure that shortly the Twi n City wi ll rank next
.
to Chicago and N ew York i n size a n d importance .
The rep resentative o f a great N ew York l i fe insurance company ,
visiting here about the same time sai d : I predict that i n tw enty fiv e ,
“
-
years f rom now the Twi n C ity wi ll be the political center o f the United
,
States Also I believe it w ill be the financial center I am greatly

. .
impressed wi th the development o f this section o f the country and the

”
west and have reason to believe that p rosperity w i ll continue
, .
Some statistics relating to the area and population o f the ten largest
cities i n the world we re recently comp iled by a Yale College p ro fessor
,
and furnish the basi s for an i nteresting compari son w ith the Twin City ,
as fol lows :
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
Pari s acco rding to these fi gu res has a population o f 1 4 3 pe r acre ;

, ,
B erli n 1 3 1 ; Ph iladelphia 1 8 and the Tw i n City less than 8 per acre , .
When w e realize that p racti cal ly all the great soc ial troubles which the
w orld has ever gone through are measu rable i n i ntensity by the rati o o f
the density o f u rban population as compare d with ru ral population as ,
w el l as by the magn itude and density o f metropol itan population itsel f ,
i t i s at once apparent that the Tw in City the gateway o f the no rthwest , ,
p resents to the worl d un ique a n d let u s hope encouraging phenomena , , ,

.
TH E F UTUR E T W I N CITY
The Tw in City i s the only metropol i s i n the hi story o f the w orld that
ever develope d to hal f a m illion population with the great commercial
cente r o f its municipal area yet p ractically unoccupie d As the m a n at .
the foot o f the ladder has the best O f climbing possibil ities so the vacant .
spaces between two compact a reas have the be st assu rances o f devel op
ment The immense signi ficance o f thi s situation not only to the United
. ,
States but to the enti re N orth American continent and to the wo rld i s , ,
certainly one which deserve s some consi deration M i dway i n time will .
, .
become the great retail di strict o f the Twin City and the p resent bu si ,
ness cente r o f St Paul proper w ill become the great j obbing center b e
.
,
cause S t Paul has both land and rive r transportation As ope rating
.
.
648 ST PAU L A N D V I CI N ITY
.
l ine drawn through Sault Sainte Marie and D es M oines I owa are , ,
neare r to the Twi n City than to Chicago and i n thi s mighty te rrito ry ,
there is no locati on as favorably situated fo r a great metropoli s I t i s a .
trade mart fixed by the law o f supply and demand w ith conditions that
, ,
readily admit o f favorable compari so n wi th those of the most p rosper

ous American citie s whose l 1 m i ta t i o n s confine them to a l ocal te rritory
,
about fiv e hundre d m iles in extent as i nstance the followi ng : Class Phil ,
adelphia Baltimo re and B oston w ith Ne w York we have New Yo rk to

, ,
B uffalo and Pittsburgh ; Pittsbu rgh and Bu ff alo to C hi cago ; Chicago to

Kansas C ity Omaha St Paul and M inneapol i s ; Kansa s Ci ty and Omaha
, , .
to D enve r ; D enve r to Ogden ; Ogden to Helena each equi di stant about ,
five hundred m iles The single exception i s S t Paul and M inneapoli s

. .
to H elena I t w ill be observed that the Twi n City i s w ithout a rival i n

.
“
all that vast extent o f country covere d by the N orthern Paci fic the S t ,
.
”
Paul and Great Northern railroads compri si ng i n extent a stretc h o f , ,
territory four hun dred m iles in w i dth and i n l ength equal to the di stance
f rom New York City to the M is si ssippi riv er I n addition to thi s ter .
r i to r y we have central a n d southern M innesota ; South Dakota ; northern ,
central and western Iow a ; Nebraska Kansas and Colorado I n o u t l i n ,

.
ing the territory west o f S ioux City and Omaha as being tributary to the ,
Twin City we are not speculating Our d i stance to S i oux C ity i s 2 70

,
.
mi les the di stance f rom Chicago i s 52 5 Our d istance to Omaha i s

, .
3 7 0 m ile s ; the di stance from Ch icago to Omaha i s 500 miles The di s .
tance f rom Chicago an d th e Twi n City to Kansa s City i s practically the

same or 500 mile s
, .
O NE G RA N D U N IO N D E POT
One proposi tion looking towa rd a more rapi d devel opment and an
,
earlie r reali zatio n o f the Twin City i dea i s that o f buil di ng a grand ,
un ion depot at a po int near University avenue equi di stant between the ,
two business cente rs Thi s schem e at the pre sent w riting doe s not seem
.
, ,
to be near reali zation but the arguments u rged i n its favo r a r e i nterest
,
i ng and sugge stive T hey may be summari zed thus : I n c iti es o f l ess
.
than i nhabitants it i s de si rabl e that trains shall deposit thei r

passenge rs close to the bu siness cente r o f the ci ty B ut i n large r cities .
thi s i s no longer po ssible and by some i s hel d to be undesirable The

,
.
reason fo r th e conclu sion i s that the rail road terminal s o f a large city ,
i f adequate to the nee ds take up di rectly a n d indirectly an immense

,
amount o f space requi re th e closing o f streets a n d thi s inter fe res with

,
the development and growth o f a city Up to the p resent time an e ff ort .
has been d i recte d toward enlargi ng the present facil ities i n al ready c o n
ge sted di stricts I n fact St Paul had i ts le sson i n the subj ect for in
. .
,
1 90 1 and 1 902 exten sive enlargements were made to its Union stati on
by doubl ing the size o f i ts trai n shed and adding several new track s the ,
ground being procure d by narrow ing th e river channel at great expense .
These enl arged facil iti e s we re practically inadequate at the time o f thei r
compl eti on Taking into conside ration the relative location o f the se two
.
cit i es the i r unity o f bu siness relati ons the simpl icity o f the rail road
, ,
t rackage connecting them and the pos sibilities o f selecting ample site s
in e ither c ity for the construction o f un i on depots removed f rom thei r
present conge sted sites it w oul d appear that a locati on m ight readily be
,
selected for one uni on station to serve both communi ties or at least that
S T PAUL A ND VI CI N ITY
. 649
the plan will receive very serious consi de rati on with a view to the requi re ,
ments o f future years .
A disinterested outsi de expert i n rai l road operatio n says : T o con

struct two union stati ons at this northwe st gateway wi thi n t en miles o f ,
each other costing approximately

, each woul d be an economic ,
error I t would also tend i n no small measure to conti nue the indi
.
, ,
v i d u a l i ty o f these two cities w hich i s not to be desired and it would , ,
not a ff ord the traveli ng people the S impli city o f se rvice w h ich one union
”
station with indivi dual borough and suburban stations woul d afford .
D E V E L OP M E NT OF M I N N E APO L IS
All the time the two segment s o f the future Tw in City continue to
d evelop and expand grow i ng i n eve ry directi on but especially grow ing
, ,
toward each other grow i ng together growing into one M i nneapolis

, ,
.
,
by the census o f 1 9 1 0 had a population o f ,

and asi de from any
pre sent or prospect i ve commun i ty o f i nte rest and destiny i s mani festly
entitled to honorabl e ment i on i n any description o f St Paul and vi cinity , . .
I n 1 8 3 8 the Indian title to this locality was extingui shed and the first
settlement was made at the Falls o f St Anthony The attraction was . .
the immense water pow er a ff orded by the fall s This i s now said to have .
been the origin o f M inneapol i s but it was in truth the beginning o f St , .
Anthony for the original Mi nneapoli s was confi ned to the west side o f
,
the rive r and i ts settlement di d not begin until 1 8 50 Two years later
,
.
the l ittl e v illage O f Avon was platted the name being subsequently ,
change d to M inneapoli s Such was the beginning of what has in the

.
space o f sixty years grown to be one o f the great c ities o f the country .
,
“ ”
the twin citi es o f M inn eapoli s and S t Anthony once the bitterest o f .
,
rival s hav ing long si nce been me rged into one

,
.
The spec ial facil ity which developed the struggling f rontier settle
ment to a metropoli s i s the power furnished by St Anthony Falls which .
,
i s equ ivalent to horse power This alone woul d have been s u ffi .

‘
cient to draw population and capital Added to thi s however was the .
, ,
heavily timbere d pine region near the upper river and convenient to fl oat ,
the logs down to the mill s S till another element of p rosperity was the
.
_
.
nearness to one o f the greatest wheat growing regi ons i n the wo rld where ,
the hard variety O f fi fe wheat was a certa i n c rop Thi s coul d also be .
brought to M inneapoli s mill s with faci lity an d ground into the best
qualit y o f flour
These gav e M inneapol i s i ts start an d havin g once become famou s for , ,
its l umber and flour and being w ithal situated I n the mi dst o f a country
,
eminently suitable for general agriculture and w ith variou s materi al s f or

manu facturing w ithin easy reach it i s not strange that i t grew speedi ly ,
into prominence As a j obbi ng cente r Mi nneapolis has been deve l oping

.
,
rap idly The p rinci pal l ines dealt in are agricultural implements flour
.
, ,
lumber sash and doors wheat furniture men s furni shing goods fruit
, , , ,
’
, ,
garden seeds rubber goods structural i ron fu rs shoes con fectione ry

, , , , , ,
groce ries and dry g oods The aggregate j obbi ng trade i s e stimated at
.
$3 00 000 000 annually

. ,
.
The largest fl our mills in the worl d are locate d in M inneapoli s and
they produce a daily average o f barrel s o f fl our o f the fi nest
‘
grade that Is shippe d to every country and the qua li ty and quantity of ,
th is fl our have made the city famous Thi s i s flour enough to f eed .
1 5 000 000 people or one si xth o f the enti re populati on o f the United
,
-
6 50 ST PAU L AN D V I CI N I TY
.
State s M i nneapoli s i s also a great lumber market and one o f the lead
.
i ng manu factu ring centers for that industry .
There are 6 national bank s ; 9 state banks ; 4 sav ings banks a n d 2

trust compani es w ith an aggregate capi tal o f
,
The asse ssed
valuation o f real a n d personal property i s The same 2 5
rai lroad l ines 5 o f them transcontine ntal that radiate f rom St Paul
, , .
,
naturally and necessarily reach M inneapoli s w i th equal facilities The re , .
are nearly 2 00 churches i n the city I ts publ ic school system i s u n s u r

.
passed There are seve ral colleges besi de s the great Mi nnesota Uni
.
,
versity with its 5 000 students an d its numerous departments described

'
, , ,
i n another chapte r .
There are 1 8 beauti ful park s besi de s a comp rehensive boulevard sys
,
tem The publ ic library occupi es its own handsome buil ding and the new
.
,
audito rium furni shes conve nience s for large assemblages The cou rt .
hou se and ci ty hall occupies a ful l block 600 f eet square and i s o f , ,
massive and magnificent architecture The re are many splendid bu siness .
block s and offi ce buil dings The hotel s are wi dely renowned for thei r
.
sumptuou s appointments The electric street car service under one c o r

.
,
p o r a t e management i n the two citie s i s equal to any i n America , .
From thi s i t wi ll be seen that M inneapoli s which has no t been in the ,
pa st an unw orthy competitor with St Paul fo r popula r favo r woul d not .

,
be i n the future an unworthy l i fe partner That i n approaching the

, ,
-
.
,
inev itable con summation neither c ity w ill su rrender any o f i ts sel f r e
,
-
spect or its suppo se d advantages or it s p ride o f past achievement may

, , .
be confi dently a ssumed The competitio n w ill go o n the rival ry will c o n

'
.
,
t i n u e but w ith an i ncreasing f riendliness bo rn o f mutual intere st and

, ,
reciprocal regard until the Twi n Ci ty becomes an accompl i shed fact

,
.
The name to be adopted fo r the consol i dated metropol i s is for the pres ,
ent a m inor consi deration We shall no t lack for names The W hole
, . .
nati on stands ready to help u s choose A New York pape r w ith w riters .
,
who swing freely on l ingui stic gates set rigi d to all others has p roposed ,
”
D i d e m o po l i s
“
but fail s to extort any favo rabl e response From the
,
.
” “
ever faith ful M i dway di strict come s the suggestion M innesota City ,
which has elements O f pertinence When we have the will we w ill find.
the way an d w e will find the name Meantime the vi sion o f the Twi n .
City loom s large and large r on the h orizon with some o f its featu re s
g rowing in attractiveness and distinctness every year .
6 52 ST PAUL A N D V I CI N ITY
.
ST . PA UL A ND V I CI N ITY 6 53
They coul d have said as Andrew Johnson said i n the senate at t h e b e

,
ginning O f the Rebellion when threatene d w ith the vengeance o f hi s

“
fellow southerners : I want to say not boasti ngly with no anger in , ,
my bosom that these two eyes o f mine have never looke d upon any
,
”
thing i n the shape o f mortal man that thi s heart has f eared Such .
w ere the men who foun de d St Paul and M innesota Thi s was the . .
early St Paul sp i rit as shown in deeds o f splendi d daring and undying

.
,
fruit fulness .
Its p resent speaks for itsel f and its future p rosperity is in a larger , ,
measure dependent upon the foresight enterp ri se and practical common

, ,
sense o f i t s present i nhabitants Such i s St Paul Its past i s not i n . . .
the dim an d musty di stance o f tradition ; its glorious present reveal s

itsel f i n unmi stakable terms and its future 1 5 i n the hands o f the people,
o f today Thu s all its ep ochs are correlated and i nterdependent each
.
,
one on i ts predecessor .
St Paul is fortunate beyond most American cities in natura l fea

.
,
tures ; i n a dvantageous location ; in a youth that has not been misspent ;

in the character o f its founders and its citizens ; i n the p lans that are
being develope d along many lines physical i ndustrial educational artis , , , ,
ti c humanitarian for a great future and unl imited expansion Seventy

, , , .
years ago even the rudiments of a C ity di d not exist S i xty years ago it had .
not yet earned a place upon the m ap Fi fty years ago with a few .
,
thousand inhabitants it was j u st beginning its consc ious c ivic exi stence
, .
Today w ith a population o f nearly a quarte r o f a m illion it yet stands

, ,
upon the threshol d o f li fe and may well look forward to centuries o f

growth and attainment The methods an d processes by whi ch its de
.
v e l o p m e n t has been achieved together w ith brie f re ferences to t he men ,
who achieved it and mention o f some o f thei r characteristics hav e been

, ,
se t forth i n the p receding chapters Thi s chapter wi ll be substantially .
a recapitulation o f the conditions and events which have produced the

spl endid results we see today w it h special emphasis on the more impor ,
’
tant elements that contribute to the city s p resent greatness .
GE OGRAPH I C A L A N D N ATURA L AD V A NTAG E S
I ts location and the almost limitless resources o f its tributary r e

gions its sceni c attract i on s and i ts salubrious climate are only the more
,
obvious o f its claim s to supremacy I t is situate d at the head o f naviga .
tion o f one o f the great rivers o f the worl d whose importance as a com ,
m e r c i al W aterway i s l ikely to be vastly enhanced during the next few

years by the completion o f the Panama canal and possibly by the con ,
struction o f a canal to the head o f L ake Superior making a continuous ,
water route to the Gul f o f M exico on the south and thence to the Pacific
ocean and to the Atlantic ocean on the east It stands on the border
,
.
o f one o f the richest territories i n the wor l d abounding in farm products , ,
mines and forests ; it forms the connecting l ink between this great region
and its eastern markets an d constitutes the di stributing center fo r all
,
forms o f manu fa ctu red articles destined to supply the northweste rn

trade .
At the lowest point S t Paul i s 700 feet above sea level and at the .
highest Ow ing to this to its excepti onally fine and bracing c l i ,
mate to it s abundant supply o f pure water an d admi rabl e sewerage sys

,
tem i t i s one o f the most health ful cities i n the worl d Lying along the
,
.
bank s o f the M issi ssippi and in part on the high blu f fs overlooking the
6 54 ST PAU L A N D V I CI N ITY
.
river and surrounding country i t commands beauti ful views o f which , ,
advantage has been taken by many who have bui lt home s he re Its .
area i s square m iles and has 8 00 miles o f streets a n d boulevards .
Fi fteen hundred acres have bee n reserved or condemne d for parks and ,
thi s territory i s constantly being improved and added to St Paul has . .
i n Como Park one o f the finest bits o f w il d woodland and water i n the
Unite d States The v iews along it s park ed and arti stically planned river
.
drive s are beauti ful an d remi nd o n e o f the pal isades o f the H u d s o n a n d

other wel l known bits o f Ame rican scenery The c ity i s richly p ro
-
.
v i d e d w ith churches with hosp itals with school s and colleges There
, , .
are many excellent hotels restaurants and place s o f amusement , .
N A TIO NA L C I V I C M I L ITARY A N D R A I L W A Y CE NT E R
,
St Paul i s the capital o f M innesota ; it i s al so the port o f entry for

.
the state an d the O ffice for the collection o f i nte rnal revenu e for the
,
di strict o f M innesota i s situated here Here al so i s located one o f the .
six most important military stations o f the U nited States Fort S nell ,
ing with a re servation o f

,
acres which the war department plans ,
to garri son soon as a brigade post The po s t o ffic e w ith i ts fiv e branc hes .
, ,
contribute s nearly annually to the United State s postal reve

nues ; branch depa r tmental headquarters for seve ral divi sions o f the mail
service a re located here The largest State Fai r in America i s hel d here
.
eve ry fall on grounds cove ring 200 acres w ith an annual attendance
, ,
of
Ten great rail road systems controlling twenty fiv e lines radiate from ,
-
St Paul reaching eve ry part o f the conti nent and thei r enormous v o l
.
, ,
um e o f in and out f reight i s i ndicate d by the util i zation o f the second

largest f reight trans fer trackage in the worl d One o f the largest loans .
i n the hi story o f finance which may wel l be characteri ze d as epoch ,
mak ing was recently consummated here in connection w ith one o f these
,
roads Immense e stabl i shments have been buil t up so congesting the

.
,
business district that a vast p roj ect i s on foot so to change the cou rse o f
the M i ssi ssipp i as to throw many hundreds o f acre s o f reclaimed land
’
i nto the heart o f the c ity s business area i n orde r to provi de for the ,
inevitable commercial expansion .
M U N I C I PA L S O C IA L C O M M E R C IA L A RTI STI C A N D C H ARITAB L E

, , ,
S t Paul has excellent fi re and pol ice departments and a Board o f

.
Control wh ich has charge o f the publ ic charities I ts water supply i s

, .
the purest o f any large city a n d the most abundant I t has e ight na .
t i o n al bank s th ree state banks seve ral private banks three s a

, , ,
v i n gs bank s and tw o trust companies There are numerous clubs .

,
both social and commercial and a number o f large trade organiza ,
tions Many noteworthy buildi ngs have been recently e rected o r

.
are i n cou rse o f construction Among them the State Capitol the . .
new Cathedral and the M unicipal Au ditorium are o f national reputation ,

.
Othe rs well w o rthy o f menti on are the St Paul Hotel ; the Y M C A . . . . .
and Y W C A bu il dings ; the Low ry Arcade ; the Commercial buil d

. . . .
ing ; the new w ing o f the Ci ty Hospital and the new Central H igh ,
School as well a s a large numbe r o f handsom e and modern factories and

,
j obbing hou se s I n art and architecture i n musi c and i n progres sive

.
,
6 56 ST PAU L AND V I CI N IT Y
.
C L I M A TI C A DV A NT A G E S
The climatic advantages found here are a s u b s t a n t 1 a l asset The a t .
m o s p h e r e o f M innesota 1 8 d ry clear a n d pure I t i s seldom that a r e , , .
f re shing breeze is n o t felt even 0 11 the stillest summe r day The nights ,
.
o f summer almost w ithout excepti on are cool The w inters are en j oy

, ,
.
able o u account o f the braci ng dry ai r stimulati ng activ ity and out door ,
-
exerci se Th e dryness o f the air dimi nishes i ts capabil ity o f conducting

.
heat from the body a n d men a n d animals su ffer much less here f rom
,
cold than i n a climate o f eve n a sl ightly greate r propo rtion o f dampnes s .
The colde st pe riod s a re always o f brie f duratio n— seldom excee di ng f rom

thre e to fiv e days I n thi s state o f 400 mile s between the north and
.
south border li ne s there i s O ften a great diff e rence in tempe rature I n .
S t Paul during the w inte rs i t i s f requently twenty fiv e o r thi rty degrees

.
, ,
-
m ilde r than on the Canadian bo rde r The clea r d ry col d o f the w inter .
combined w ith the c rystal lake s the swi ftly flowi ng stream s and the fresh ,
breezes O f summer ; the enti re absence o f humi d ai r and stagnant water ;

account fo r the fact that mala ria and its d iseases are u nknown Hence .
the healthy vigor o f the average citi zen and the health restori ng boon to ,
-
thousand s o f vi sito rs .
T RI BUTARY A C R E S EASI L Y C U L TI V AT E D
’
A nothe r c ontroll ing element O f S t Paul s rapi d growth has been the .
comp a rative ease w ith which i ts tributary acres have been brought under
cultivation Compared fo r instance w ith the counties o f northern Ohi o
.
, , ,
now among the richest in the nati on the process of subj ecti on has been ,
facile indee d That country was covered wi th growth o f hickori es , oaks

.
,
elms and maples the like o f w hich coul d not be f ound anywhere else
, , ,
and m illions o f feet o f thi s timbe r we re shipped every year to E ngland

a n d E u rope for ship bui lding purpo ses and othe r uses-
The towns were .
l ittle i slands c u t out i n this sea o f verdu re w ith the roads l ike tunnel s ,
under the high overarching tree s Be fo re the land could be util i ze d for
,
.
farming purposes great ditche s ha d to be dug for d rainage a n d the

,
'
tree s c u t o ff Th e p i o n ee r s wore themselve s out in the hard struggle
.
w ith the condi tion s i n felling trees r emov ing stumps bu ilding fences
, , , ,
digging great drainage ditche s and struggli ng w ith the malaria o f the
rich so il newly tu rned up to the sunshine .
Now the great Pennsylvani a rail road run s through thi s region on a
high firm embankment as soli d against the rai ns and mo i sture as any i n
,
the nation w ith an ope n c ountry 011 eithe r si de as fa r as the eye c a n

,
see The towns are high and dry w ith good pavements ; goo d street
.
,
rail road s ; fine publi c and p rivate buildings and every evi dence of the ,
thri ft o f the rich agricultural country surroundi ng them The level fields .
o f black muck laugh with abundant crops o f cl ove r on w hich sleek cattl e ,
stand knee deep and fine tho roughbred sheep lay o n a wealth of flesh and
w ool Not only the great tree s are gone but the stump s al so But i t
.
. .
requi red over a hundred years o f time and exhausted th ree generati ons
o f pi o n ee rs to get the re sults that a single generation o f M i nnesotans
accompl i shed .
J OB BI N G A N D M A N UFA C TURI NG
It i s only fi f t y fiv e years si nce B runo B eaupre establ ished the fi rst

-
wholesal e house in St Paul ; today there are si x hundred j obbing hou ses
.
,
S T PAU L AND VI CI N ITY
.
some o f them the largest o f their kind i n the country ; employing more
than twenty five thousand people ; representing at least three hundre d
-
di f ferent lines ; an d with a n an nual trade of a hal f billion dollars M ore

,
.
than seven hundred manu facturing p lants w ith employes have a .

, ,
yearly output o f N o more ac curate test o f growth and _
p rosperi ty ca n be found than that indicated by the volume o f i n an d out

freight I n 1 9 1 0. carloads o f f re ight entered the city a n d
, ,
carloads were carried out .
S t Paul i s the great fur cente r o f America both for manu factu ring
.
,
and trading I t i s not exceeded by any city i n amount of cap ital i n

_
.
,
veste d o r extent o f bu si ness handled in the all ie d lines o f drugs and ,
chemicals or i n the wholesale dry goods trade

,
It ranks high among .
the largest j obbi ng and manu facturing centers in the output o f groceries
an d foodstu ff s ; harness and saddlery and other leather goods ; boots a n d
shoes ; hats caps and gloves ; men s furni shings ; hardware both light
,
’
and heavy ; m illi nery ; confecti onery ; rubber shoes and garments ; tobacco ,
cigars and beer St Paul possesses the largest manu factory o f grass
. .
tw ine and its derivative products i n the country ; the largest law publi sh
i ng house i n Ame rica an d pe r hap s i n the w orl d The stockyards are ,
‘
.
.
competing even with those o f Chicago I t i s celebrated as a commercial .
art center , an d its p ictu red cale ndars find their way all over the country .
Its great p ri nting establi shments do an enormous business outside as

well as i n the city B anks and newspaper o f fices sen d here for thei r
.
equipment a n d outfits Among the more important manu factures are .
sash and door products an d every fo rm o f inte r io r woo dwork ; re f riger

a f ors o f w hich there are two o f the largest manufactori es i n th e country ;
,
wheels for heavy machinery and farm equipment ; malleabl e iron work ;
steam fire engi nes ; auto t rucks ; derricks hoisting apparatus and gu n
"
,
carriages I t has large concerns deal ing i n paint varni sh and the various
.
,
forms o f linseed oil ; i n cement and brick m ad e f rom its own sand ; i n
stone taken f rom i ts own quarries .
The fact that so large a market has b een built up i n St Paul i s one .
,
o f the elements o f its strength an d the ability o f our j obbers to favor thei r ,
customers in emergencies i s another strong poi nt The trend o f trade is

,
.
towards the house which i s locate d w h ere other big concerns i n the same
business are establi she d for the retaile r naturally looks to this group as ,
hi s market an d when he goes f orth to buy he seeks the city where he can
,
plant him sel f i n the c enter o f the things he wants and see them circle
around him in l ively competi tion ; w here he c a n see the largest stocks and
’
most complete array o f the season s o ff erings The hou se w hi ch i s out o f .
the favored zone and which i s located i n a community not regarde d as

the principal market i s h a n di c ap e d by thi s s i tuat i on even though it
, _ ,
may be as worthy o f patronage as the concerns i n a town that has s y ndi

c a t e d i ts o ff erings These facts are true f rom an econom i c standpoint
.
,
and no argument can make them otherwi se The merchant who most .
fully reali zes the adva ntages o f trading in a large market and trading i n
one which has a line o f goods care fully se l ected f or the northwest de
.
mand is the merchant who w ill do best by him sel f and his customers
,
.
St Paul wholesalers many times in the past have acte d l ike a father with
.
a long pocket book i n relation to thei r dealers a n d have carried them

through many a small cri si s These acts have not been forgotten nor .
,
has the advice along business li ne s which was f reely extende d i n times
o f need The se are the th ings O u r j obbers are known f or They are
.
.
.
the things w hi ch are th rown in as it were when a retailer deal s here ,

‘
,
.
They are al so things w ell worth strivi ng to get

, , .
W H O L E S AL E RS A ND F A RM E RS B AC K E D BY C APITA L
I n carrying out thi s pol icy o f financial assi stance the bank s o f S t , .
Paul have been o f infinite se rvice This i s specially true i n times o f .
poo r c rops o r i n seasons when the farmers o f a particular local ity have
been unable to get the p rices for thei r grai n which w ill enable them to
pay the i r bills When a country i s being developed the re i s a good deal
.
o f cre dit extende d to the country merchants I t i s i n thi s emergency .
that strong a n d stable financial back ing for the j obbe r i s o f assistance .
to hi s customers I f the banks o f the c ity i n which the wholesale hou se

.
i s located have su fficient capital to exten d the j obbe r the c redi t he needs
to buy goods and pass i t on to the retaile r with the privilege o f future
payment then the j obber c a n serve the retai ler to the maximum Ove r
, .
the country the bank s o f St Paul have the reputation o f being stable .
institutions which i n times when the banks in other citie s are hedging i n
,
order to weather some financial cri si s have stood by thei r f riends and ,
have helped to pull the whole country in thei r vi cini ty th rough i ts

troubles The banking business o f th e c ity has been built up by conser
.
v a t i ve management and although the bankers do not shy at a thing

,
merely because it i s new they are men who know the value o f money ,
.
In dealing w ith the j obbers whose business i s e stabli shed on a fi rm basi s ,
they are eve r ready to extend a s much credit as they c a n in o rder that
the wholesale rs may be a s liberal as possibl e with the retailers o f the
northwest .
The bank s capi tali sts an d loan agencies o f St Paul per form anothe r
, .
highly important function to the t ributa ry country — that o f fu rnishing

funds to th e farmers for the development and e xtension o f thei r hol d
ings I t i s not uncommon for the p roduct o f one year s work to hal f pay
.
’
for the fa rm on wh ich it i s rai se d Then the farme r wants bette r bu ild .
i ngs and more land The value o f land i s constantly i nc reasing and the
.
farmers have little di fficulty i n negotiating loans on thei r farm s But .
much o f thi s money come s f rom S t Paul o r i s brought from the east .
,
by men here who are familiar with fa rm conditions Although the .
C i ties w ith thei r aggregations o f wealth are o ften condemned by u n

, ,
think ing people the fact remai ns that the money which has been p iled up
,
by the captai ns o f indu stry has helped those with smal ler surplus to get
ahead i n th e worl d Bankers a n d bu si ness men keep a close eye on the
.
northw est A s the country develops c a n St Paul develop and no faster

. .
, .
The c ity cannot grow mo re rapi dl y than the country behind it w ithout ,
danger to economi c stabil ity For thi s reason m en in S t Paul are giving . .
thei r time and thei r money to bring additional settlers to the farms o f
the northwe st They are al so spending thei r money i n stimulating the
.
farmers to raise larger c rops and inc rease the profit o f thei r O pe rations .
P ROD U C E CO M M I SSIO N B USI N E SS

’
O n May 3 1 1 88 0 twenty seven o f St Paul s foremost citi zen s a p
, ,
-
.
p e a r e d be fore Frederick G I ngersoll notary publ ic a n d pl aced thei r sig

. , ,
“
natures to a document which was late r file d unde r the title The St , .
Paul Board o f Trade and from that small beginning has si nce de,
v e l o p e d one o f the most important produce markets in the country with ,

660 ST PAU L AN D V I CI N IT Y
.
TE L E G R AP H A ND TE L E PH O N E SE RV I C E
The rank whic h St Pau l has attaine d i n its superior tel egraph an d .
telephone service i s o n e o f its claims to metropol itan eminence These

,
.
i ndispensible adj uncts o f modern l i fe luxu ries hal f a generation ago , ,
domestic necessi ties today have nowhere reache d a higher degree o f ,
use fulness or more general patronage The Western Union and the
,
.
Postal Telegraph companies have headquarters o f fice s her e; the T ri

State and the N orthwestern Telephone companies serve a n enormous
local cl ientage a n d supply long distance facil ities reaching every corner -
o f the nation Th e last named exchange n o w has i n roun d figure s a

.
, ,
q uarte r O f a m ill ion subscribers

-
L i ke a great nervou s system it spreads .
,
over the w hole su r face o f the states O f M innesota N orth a n d South ,
Dakota penetrating i nto remote di stri cts and b ringing more than three
,
mill ion people into possible communicatio n w ith each other ove r its own
lines The new building here occupies a lot eighty—fiv e feet on Fi fth
.
s treet an d o n e hundre d feet on Cedar For the p resent fou r storie s and .
the basement o f the structure w ill be completed with p rovi sion for the ,
othe r stori es to be a dded as the growth o f the bu siness demands The .
switchboard w i ll have a capacity o f l ines and w ill be at once con ,
n e c t e d with l ines operati ng about pai rs o f w i res through

,
the undergroun d cabl es The trunk l ine switchboard i s used to make .
the connection with othe r exchanges B oth telephone companies have .
branch exchan g es i n the residence di stri cts and i n suburban towns .
NE W Y OR K NO LO N G E R WE ST E R N S TA NDA R D
An important element to be reckone d w ith i n estimating the sol idity

o f St Paul s p resent p osition as well as its futu re p rospects i s the
.
’
, ,
m oderation firmness an d certainty o f a dvance o f realty values here A

, , .
N ew York paper not long ago p ubl ishe d the hi story o f a few sel ected
,
p iece s o f p rope rty i n that city showing the successive price s at which ,
they had change d hands begi nning w ith the earl ie st obtainable records , .
I t was a Jack a n d the Bean Stalk story o f values mount ing faster and
- - - -
h ighe r than the eye coul d foll ow I t explains w ithout need o f furthe r
"
.
commentary the fabul ous fortunes o f such estates for example as the , ,
A stors Go e l e t s Gerrys D y c k m a n s H o ff mans a n d others o r o f such

'
, , , , , ,
corporations as Trinity Church and S ailors Snug Harbor whose foun ’

,
ders had bought early and retained thei r holdi ngs Ju dicious i nvest .
ments i n all p rosperous cities bring sure returns and fortune s have been ,
made here i n that way B ut price s o f ou r best property are still so .
reasonable as to encou rage purchase s for imp rovement— such imp rove
ments yiel ding the double p rofit o f fai r rentals and steady increase i n
value .
One remarkable i ndex o f the p ropo rtions to wh ich St Paul has a t .
t a i n e d and o f the aggressive spi rit wh ich n o w animates its citi z ens i s
. ,
the phenomenal success which attended a vigorou s campaign for n e w

members o f the comme rcial organizations i n Novembe r 1 9 1 1 In five , ,
.
days relays o f w orkers secu red n e w mem bers o f the A ssoc iation
o f Commerce each pledge d to pay $ 50 a year fo r th ree years i nto its

, ,
t reasu ry The w eek foll owin g sim ilar committees including many o f
. . ,
the same indivi dual s added 3 68 names to the membershi p o f the Com,
m e r c i a l Club Thi s shows what bu siness men o f St Paul c a n do wh en

. .
they try I t show s how strong and aggressive i s the St Paul spi rit
. .
ST PAUL AND VI CI N I TY
. 66 1
when once it i s aroused We have had other exhibitions o f this activity

.
be f ore ; w e have had none which p romi sed more f or the future Thi s .
means that there i s at the gateway to the northwest a uni t ed body o f

business men who are looking all the time to see how thei r relations w ith
the northwest c an be imp rove d I t means that the people o f the north
west will get a benefit i n large m easure This is a conservative city but .
,
no one who has seen the way the business men re sponded to the call
for volunteers and has seen the w ay in which they went into the i r work
could say that St Paul i s b eh i n d t h e citie s o f the country i n co mme r
. .
c i a l organization Only i n Ci ncinnati a nd St Paul so far as the i n

. .
,
formation o f men i n touch with the situation extends have the business ,
men s igned up for membership fo r three years I t means that a r e .
newed sp i rit o f accomplishment i s written large over the map o f the .
cap ital o f M innesota .
The west i s fast establi shing standards o f its own high and endur ,
ing standards i n matters relating to p rogressive civil ization St Pau l . .
has reached a position w here it help s to fix these standards For many .
decades because o f the power and splendor o f N ew York and because ,
the wealth o f the country was centered there on a certain street w e ,
looked up on New York as the metropoli s I ndeed were we not taught .

,
that a metropol is i s the city having the largest numbe r o f i nh abitants ?

We accepted this ; we accepted New York with he r souls her ,
soul mates her barnstormers and her brai nstorm s Today when
, ,
.
,
we are beginning to question the standards o f N ew York we are b e ,

“
ginning to question to etymolo gy o f metropoli s The west has re fused .
to walk the ways o f Wal l street ; thi s was evident i n the panic o f 1 907
an d in later sl ight tremors when the west kept its head and hardly knew
,
there was a panic The west re fused long ago to walk Fi fth avenue
.
from the ol d Fi fth Avenue hotel to the Hoff man hou se and settle all
important political a ff airs there I t now begins to re fuse to walk the .
Great Whi te way to accept the verdicts o f B roadway a s to the drama

, ,
l iterature art architecture and moral s St Paul now has stand ards o f
, ,
. .
culture that command respect a nd elements o f progress that extort

adm i ration I t i s a leader i n the march— no longe r an imitator or a
.
serv i l e follower .
TH E G R EAT E R S T P AU L TO C O M E
.
Thi s i s the St Paul o f today and these are some o f the el ements o f
.
,
its attained greatness On th ese are to be based assu rances o f the

.
G reat e r S t Paul that is yet to come

. E very important incident in its .
past hi story and every potent instrumental ity mentioned i n preceding

pages has helped l ead up to these ausp ic i ous conditions The physical
,
.
location and configuration o f the site the e stabl ishment o f the milita r y ,
post ; the accidents o f early settlement an d the characteristics o f early

settlers contribute d to them Fathe r G al t i e r B ishop C reti n S ibley
,
.
, , ,
Rice Baz ill e Guerin Ramsey Neill Goodhue L a r p e n t eu r Hoyt M u r

, , , , , , , ,
ray and Bass , playe d th ei r di stinctive but honorable parts The sol ,
.
diers o f the War for the Union and the de fenders against I ndian mas
sacre endured peril s and made sacrifices that count i n the grand c l i m ac
ter i c
. Steamboats stage s railroads and electric lines ; the postal serv
, ,
ice and the federal departments ; the state cap ital w ith its outreaches
a n d ingatherin g s ; the comme rcial bodies with thei r solici tude for mer
’
c an t i l e in dustrial and financial interests ; the woman s clubs ; the learned
,
6 62 S T PAU L AN D V I CI N I TY
.
p ro fession s ; the public j ou rnal s ; the civic operations ; the buil ding a n d
adornment o f com fortable homes ; the schools colleges churches chari
, , ,
ties l ibra ries societies fo r the p romotion o f art and learning ; the envi ron
, ,
ment o f flouri shing suburbs an d the p roximity o f a n alert and restless

,
rival ci ty ; the sleepless activity o f publ ic spirited c iti zens organi zed i n
-
t e l l i g e n t and aggressive— al l these and more have mini stered to the

, ,
’
steady advancement which has culminated i n St Paul s splendi d present
.
,
and its confidence i n a splendi d future The ci ty o f Ram sey and Rice
.
and Prince ; o f D riscoll a n d Averill and Stewart ; o f G i l fil l a n and D rake

an d M erriam ; o f Daw son and Strong a n d I nge rsoll ; o f Fl a n d r au and
H orace Thomp son and C K D av is ; o f D a y a n d Noyes and Marshall ;
. .
o f H il l and I reland and Kel logg and Stickney has arrived but does not
, ,
cease to advance I t i s great but i s only 011 the threshold o f its great
.
,
ness .
664 ST PAUL A N D V I C I N ITY
.
B ut M i nne sota as has been demonstrated in these page s i s only one

, ,
o f the si sterhood o f state s constituting the vast tri butary region o f

whi ch St Paul i s the gateway which fi nds its comme rc ial and financial
.
,
focus here .
A nd all thi s m ighty empi re i s the home o f an i ntelligent energetic ,
and p ro sperous population Heredity unites with envi ronment i n bu il d .
ing u p throughout thi s N ew No rthwest what must inevitably become

, ,
the dom inant American race Our ance stors belonged to the Aryan .
race They came a swarming hungry ho rde out o f the uplands o f I n

.
, , ,
dia i n six great m igrations The first migration stoppe d on the fe rtile
,
.
bank s o f the Ni le and the re C ivilization was born The wealth o f E gypt
,
.
came f rom the raising o f w heat The overflow o f the N ile supplied moi s .
ture and nutrition and the soil laughed a harvest The next m igration
,
.
was that o f the Assyrians who settled on the banks o f the E uph rates and ,
the Tibe r An d there they b i i i l t two great c ities B abylon and N i neveh
.
,
.
From Assyria the ti de o f m igrati on move d on to Greece and f rom Greece

to Rome E ach o f these great worl d pow ers— E gypt Assyri a Greece
and Rome—had its basis i n agriculture Out o f the surplus that the
-
.
, ,
farmers p roduced the citie s were built Al l great municipalitie s ha d

,
.
thei r rise i n a h e r d s m e n s camp ; then came the fo rt ; next the trad ing
’
post ; then a city .
Othe r Aryan tribes people d N orthe rn E urope and f rom these the , ,
mo st vi ril e scions o f the w orl d conquering stoc k de scende d the original -
Anglo Americans w ith the l ater in fusions o f kindred Celtic Teutonic

-
and Scandinav ian blood Saxon and No rman an d Dane are w e— al so

, ,
German a n d I rish an d S we dish w ith spri nkl ings o f French and other ,
L ati ns but all o f u s E ngl i sh i n tradi ti on and tendency The Pu ritan and
,
.
the Caval ie r i n thi s latitude mo stly the former stampe d their language
, , ,
law s custom s and prej ud ice s i ndel ibly upon u s

,
.
I n E ngl and f rom the time o f the Stuart ki ngs a constitutional struggle
began which i s not yet en ded Under King Jame s the hi stori c partie s .
began to l ine up the Pu ri tans against the Sace rdotal i sts With King
,
.
Charles i t was autocracy against constituti onal gove rnment The E ng .
l i sh I ndependents we re the real a r t i fic e r s o f constitutional freedom M ars .
t o n M oor was the end o f the pe rsonal government o f King Cha rles .
C romwell narrowly e scape d becoming an American c iti zen I f he had .
been permi tted to abandon hi s country for America George Washin gton ,
m ight not have been the Fathe r o f H i s Country From Marston M oor .
E ngland antici pated America i n the f ounding O f a republi c unde r Crom

well but the I ndependents i n the hour o f thei r triumphs w ere not too
,
magnanimou s The foundation o f the Ame rican C onstitution was Crom

.
well s system o f gove rnme nt w hich the E ngl i sh w oul d not accept
’
.
The N orthwest has received and i s assimilating the most robu st v e n ,
t u r e s o m e and strong w illed people o f E urope S eventy one and a hal f -

-
.
pe r cent o f the populati on o f M i nnesota i s composed o f fo rei g born n —

w hite persons a n d native whi te s o f foreign parentage according to the ,
cen su s bureau I n thi s re spect M innesota leads all the state s o f the
.
Union Other states in wh ich mo re than hal f the population con si sts o f
.
f oreign whites and wh ite s born o f f orei gn parentage are : N orth Dakota ,
Wi sconsin M ichigan ,
South Dakota Montana , . .
The signi ficant and grati fyi ng fact i s that the f o r e Ign elements
coming to these states o f the Northwe st repre sent the mo st valuable o f
al l the immigrants— the most th ri fty i ntelligent and a s s i m i l ab l ef f A ve ry ,
r
recent cen su s bulletin show s that the foreign bo rn farmers o f M inne -

ST PAUL AN D VI CI N ITY
. 6 65
sota whose name i s legion own 8 5 per cent o f the farms they occupy
, ,
the large st pe rcentage o f any state .
With all thi s territory these wonder ful resources and this p h e n o m en
,
ally vigorous enterp r i s i ng and pro sperous population to buil d on and

,
’
draw f rom the city s future i s secure St Paul i s no t full grown o r
, . .
'
,
over bgrown ; it has only begun to grow I t i S i n fin i t e l y a greater city than .
i ts po pu l a t i o n would indicate as clea rly shown by the class o f its i n s t i t u

tions and i ts prominent c itizens I t I s one o f the most imp ortant centers .
o f di stributi on i n the United States and the most important i n trade and
wealth I t is a great e ducational center and a great railway center and
.
,
the r e fore necessarily a j obbing and manu facturing communi ty .
The City o f the Future i s like the Music o f the Fut ure NO o ne b e .
’
l i e v e d i n Wagner s assertions i n notes as he first set them forth And , .
yet that future has become p resent i n music and the critici sms have b e , ,
’
come as worthless as a row o f cy phe r s with the i r r i ms rubbed o ff The .
beauty o f a city w hich is still i n the making as all our American ci tie s ,
are i s hal f dream and hal f reali zation The dream must move slowly
,
.
toward the awakening And yet he would be trai tor citi zen who di d not
.
,
see his city as it shal l be and labor to m ake i t that v isi on There i s an .
u n fin i s h about ou r streets But what woul d you have a fter fi fty scanty
.
years ? T hink o f the thousands o f years any E uropean city has been i n
the making .
Loui s W H ill s apostrophe to the overcoat containe d a p re gnant hi nt

.
’
as to the physical advantages our v i go rous cl imate brings to our e n ege t i c

people In thi s favored clime w e have to w ear overcoats and expect to
.
'
Li fe here t h e a i r about us ma kes it possibl e to earn th e money with

, , ,
w h ich to buy overcoats and having to fend against the col d we are ani ,
mated to go on to greater successes The overcoat i s ev i dently the b e .
ginning o f success I t puts a new aspect on li fe . .
M innesota the two Dakotas an d M ontana long before they have

, , ,
reache d anywhere near thei r m ax i u m o f population capacity wi l l easily

be ab l e to support as many people to the square m ile as I owa today .
When Minnesota has 40 people to the section it w ill have a population ,
of When the two Dakotas are equally densely populated they

w i ll have
“
people and M ontana will then have ,

mak
i ng a total population of over for the four states o f M inne
sota North a n d South D akota and M ontana Thi s di strict i s what we .
might call the immediate Northwest It by no means comprehends the .
enti re tr ade era tributary to St Paul Hal f of Wi sconsi n Northern . .

,
I owa and a certain po rtion o f th e whole No r thwest through to the Paci fic

,
ocean are tributary to St Paul . .
The seven states that are working togethe r in the Northwest D evelop
ment League compri se 2 1 per cent O f the area o f the United States The ‘
population o f th e United State s i s more than This 2 1 per

cent o f the area has only I n the last ten years new '
comers settled i n these seven state s This was an incre ase i n ten years .
o f fi fty per cent ; the increase for the whol e United State s was per
cent The N orthwest D evelopment L eague means to keep addi ng to
.
this population at an increased rate and bringing in the business that ,
added mil lion s will support .
To say that there were 1 3 000 wage earners employed in St Paul in .
1 900 and ,
five years later and i n 1 9 1 0 does not convey a , ,
very definite i dea to the minds o f people n O t u sed to handling fi gu res I f .

,
however w e reduce the fi gures to per cent o f growth and say that the
,
.
i nc rease i n S t Paul 1 n the last fiv e years i n wage earne rs in manu factu ring
.
establi shments wa s 3 5 pe r cent and that the highest i nc rease i n N ew

Yo rk Ch icago Cleveland P i tt s b u i g B oston or Philadelphi a during th e
, , ,
precedi ng fiv e years was le ss than that some i dea o f the grow th o f S t , .
Paul i s real i ze d .
And the i mpetu s i s accelerated eve ry year A casual rev iew o f the .
p ast year w ill show that there ha s been more p rogress i n comme rci al o r
ga n i z a t i o n ci rcle s than In any one othe r year or several yea rs The Asso
c i a t i o n o f Co m merce has been launched comb ini ng the e f forts o f m e n ,
formerly scattere d through five o rganizations T he association acqu ire d .
m embe rs for three years in fiv e days T he Commercial Club grew .
from to members i n the sho rt space o f th ree days .
A magni ficent public l ibrary bu il ding has been assu re d by ample

fi nancial re source s provi ded The work o f secu ring a new an d adequate
.
Union rail way station has bee n well advance d The m ovement for a .
changed rive r channel a ddi ng thou sand s o f acre s to the heart o f the
,
’
City s busines s di strict i s au spiciou sly inaugu rate d .
Our business m e n had a large part i n o rgani zi ng the N orthwest

”
D evelopment L eague the large st commercial club i n the wo rld and se
“
cured i ts headquarters for S t P aul The fi rst land show o f the develop . .
ment league has been organi ze d an d held al l in five months A train ,

.
load o f l ive governors o f the West le ft St Paul and astoni she d the E ast .
in a number o f ways The re ha s been establi she d a weekly meeting fo r

.
m e n o f the c i ty open f or d iscu ssi on O f any subj ect under the A ssociation
o f Comme rce Within the year the We st S ide Club has de dicated a
.
,
b ig clubhouse a n d the West E n d an d N orth C entral o rgani zations have

simila r homes ready to start Worth more than all el se a sp i rit o f .
,
civ ic unity and civi c consc iousness has been aroused i n the ci ty Few .
cities o f the country c a n p re sent suc h an imposing l i st o f achievements i n

the space o f twelve month s Few other c ities o f th e country have made
.
such p ro gress i n develop ing a deep sense o f c ivi c u nity a n d unite d e ff ort
for the upbu ilding o f the muni cipal ity .
S T PAU L S S TART I N T H E R A C E
.
’
B ut S t Paul has not reache d its zenith o f a spi ration an d e f fort ; it

.
h a s not stoppe d grow ing ; it has scarcely begun to grow I t recognize s .
that it has competitors an d i t i s p repared to meet them Other citi es

, .
see the golden oppo rtunities o f fe re d by ou r marvelou s tributary terri tory

and are pu shi ng thei r a dvantage o f p ropinquity Kansas City and Omaha .
a re crow ding i n o n the south an d south west Spokane o n the West and ,
Winnipeg on the no rth But St Paul has a l ong start i n the race I ts
. . .
merchants have ach ieved thei r triumph s by fai r deal ing up right metho ds , .
c ou rage fo re sight an d conservati sm St Paul i s

,
m iles f rom the . .
Paci fic Ocean a n d the trade l egitimately tributary come s from a te rri

to ry 400 m iles w i de through thi s whol e di stance Thi s i s greater than .
any E u ropean country save Ru ssia , .
The savages and the animal s have been slowly supplanted from A s s i n
i b o i n e to the Athab asca by men pol itical peers o f those c itizens o f the ,
eastern prov inces but n o t o f the same ki nd I f w e remember a book

, .
’ “
which wa s much read some years ago D rape r s I ntellectual Develop ,
ment o f E u rope we will recall how he foresa w hi sto rically the develop
, . ,
ment o f E u rope according to its m ountai ns and pl ains an d rivers The

, .
ol d the si s i s tru e today The American continent has been developing

.
accord ing to its mountains and lake s and rivers and plai ns Comme rcial .
668 ST . PAU L A N D VI CI N I TY
nearly What the potential development o f thi s i s finite m ind ,
c a n hardly measu re S ome one has sa i d that un de r intensi fie d devel op

.
ment such as mu st come not many years di stant thi s country we st o f ,
the Gateway w il l support a population o f There i s nothing

speculative now i n the growth o f such diversi fied count ry as lie s to the
west o f St Paul . .
But local i nterests are not neglecte d howbeit the O l d styl e hu rrah ,
campaign i s less in evi dence and mo re thought and study i s given to

maki ng the c ity a com fo rtable place m whic h to carry on business and an
attract i ve place In w hich to live Thi s does not mean that new i ndu strie s .
are not sought nor the extension o f trade territory c onsi de re d O n the .
contrary w e a re doi ng the very thing that wi ll help p romote trade e x

,
p a n s i o n a n d bring i n the most desirable class o f home bui l ders by mak

-
ing the best possible c ity i n which to live We find commerc ial o rgani .
z a t i o n s an d publ icity clubs giving more o f t hei r time and ene rgy to the
imp rovement o f conditions o f c ity l i fe M ere busine ss i s not th e de .
s i d e r atu m H ealthy growth i nvolve s much mo re than i ncrea sed po pu

.
lati on The p ercentage o f peopl e l iving i n large C iti es has increased

.
eno rmously du ring the last decade a n d now more than 4 7 per cent o f ,
the population i s u rban T hi s i s not a healthy condition and w hen w e

.
,
get p eople i n a c ity f or w hom there i s no wo rk w e must div i de ,
w ith them what we earn i n order that they may live We need civ ic .
Patrioti sm a n d that S t Paul i s assi duously cultivating it i s one o f the

, .
,
bright augu rie s o f her future .
"
T H R EE L ARG E E N T E RPRIS E S
The re are now three large ente rp ri ses on the fi re an d al l the

peopl e a re v itally concerne d i n carryi ng them w ith reasonable di spatch
to completion They are the wi dening o f Robert street the con struction
.
,
o f the new library and the harbo r a n d depot pla ns The outl ook i s fai rl y .
sati s factory i n all th ree aff ai rs A ll obstacle s have been removed as .
far as the l ibrary an d Robert street imp rovement are conce rne d an d no
fu rthe r time nee d be l ost i n pu shing along the actual work The l ibrary .
plans not only involve a magn ificent ne w buil di ng but through the gener ,
o s i ty o f J H ill assu re a great ne w re ference department unexcel le d

. .
, , ,
in the country .
S o much i s i nvolve d in the comprehensive plan o f changing the rive r

channel constructi ng harbor facil iti es and rail roa d te rmi nal s that it
, ,
must needs move sl owly but that its p ace i s les s than necessity warrants
"
,
i s the general opi nion Harbo r plans seem to be shapi ng them selves
.
out gradually bu t the depot scheme i s vagu e as far as the publ ic i s c o n

,
'
ce rned however much knowl edge may be locked i n the bosom s o f the
,
commi ssion members and rai lway o f ficial s .
Re sults once secure d on th i s i mportant tri o o f c ity forward move

ments w il l put u s i n posi tion to advance othe r plan s now i n abeyance
,
.
The plan o f the city beauti ful with the Cap i tol app roach feature s i s , ,
ma rking time unle ss the w i deni ng o f Robert street may be taken a s a part
. .
The start once made on th e adequate library and a beginni ng had on a

Uni on S tation mode rn an d su f ficient w ill give a wonde r fu l impetus to
, ,
the other step s toward mak ing St Paul a finer city and a bette r one i n .
w hich to l ive and do busi ness .
Above all a new force has been c reate d for the upbui lding o f the
,
city . E very citi zen has a large r con fidence i n its indu strial an d c omme r
c i a l progress as wel l as i n its a dvance along al l lines that make for a
,
better city in which to live .

.
6 69
P ROPOS E D I M PRO V E M E N TS
Other important betterments to be real ize d at an early date and c e r

, ,
tai n to have b en e fic e n t results a ff ecting even the distant future are :

A n ew charter inaugurati ng the comm i ssion plan
, .
An imp rove d l ighting system .
Much sew er constructio n .
New pl aygrounds an d the commenci ng Of work on the Cap itol ap

p r o ac he s .
Se ve ral new club houses and othe r large buildi ngs .

Pronounced activity o n the part o f the Association o f C omme rce and
the C ommercial club i n the ir fi ne new quarters, , .
The util ization o f the Gove rnment high darn now under construction ,
at the Sol die rs H ome to gene rate eno rmous el ectrical po we r to be di s

’
tributed throughout the ci ty f o r manu facturing plants

, .
Fou r new high schools i n ope ration and a smooth running publi c ,
sc h ool system .
A new belt l ine opening up the N orthern bo rder o f the city to mo re

convenient access— also c rosstow n line s .
Two new i nte rurban line s connecting the c ity with southern points
i n t he state .
E asy financial conditions resulting f rom the eno rmou s c rop s harvested
i n all the vast tributary region i n 1 91 2 , .
P rospe rou s conditions i n the real ty market .
The erection o f a f resh ai r school -

.
The completi on o f the Wilde r Charities bui l ding .
E xtended outreach o f the St Paul I nstitute . .
These are a few o f the local p ropositions now i n hand and o f the ,
favo rable omens o f gen eral p rospe ri ty w hich make for bette r con ditions ,
and i ncreased bu si ne ss for our fortunate people O n a broade r fiel d the .
steady developm ent o f our tributary resources and ou r l ines o f communi

cation yield even mo re assu re d p ro mi se o f a gol den future
, .
NEw LI N E S OF C O M M U N I C ATIO N
The buil ding o f the Panama canal seem s de stined to alte r all the c u r
re nts o f trade an d o f interest i n thi s continent Thu s t h e stupendou s .
work o f man w il l make possibl e the long i ntention o f nature For na .
ture i ntended that the l ines i n thi s continent shoul d be drawn not f rom ,
east to west as they have been simply because that i s the way men h ave
,
travel ed for centuri es but north and south as the contour l eans I f
, ,
.
,
the world d id not want thi s th ing to come the time to prevent w as when ,
the canal was still o n paper .
The completion o f the Pan ama canal w ill affect St Paul through thi s .
,
d ive rsio n o f the cu rrents o f trade and whethe r favorably o r otherwi se - -
depends to som e extent on the advance p reparations made fo r i t B et

, ,
.
te r connections w ith the Gul f O f Me xico b y rai l an d by river wil l be r e ,

.
qui re d Propose d new harbor imp rovements here ; the bu ildi ng o f the
.
high dam ab ove S t Paul ; th e deepening o f the channels o f the M i ssi s

.
sippi ; the i nau gu ratio n o f barge l ine s ; and the opening up o f two o r more
di rect rai lway system s f rom St Paul to New O rleans or Galveston a re.
,
p resumptive achievements o f the near future The sol uti on o f the water .
way p roblem o n the carrying side i s the barge Not only g 1 ants o f
, ,
.
6 70 S T PAU L A ND V I CI N I TY
.
ton capaci ty ( 400 by 4 0 feet ni ne f oot draf t ) but li ttle 1 00 and 2 00 t o n

,
-
barges w ill fi n d thei r place i n future development o f Weste rn rivers .
Connecting li nk s o f rai lway are being put i n A Denve r pape r sai d i n .
July 1 9 1 2 ; J ame s J H ill s vi sion o f a great new rai lway f rom the Pac i fic
, .
’
to the Gul f o f M e xico v i a D enve r i s about to be reali zed H i s no rth and .
south route lacks but two l ittle l ink s w hic h are to be bui lt as fast as m a n ,
and mach inery c an p repare the roadbed and lay the track The St Paul . .
P i o n e e r P r es s o f concurrent date says : The p ropo se d purchase o f the

“
, ,
I ow a Central Rail road by the M inneapol i s St L oui s road the merger o f .

,
those l ines and thei r extension i nto Canada i s announce d The new li ne .
,
w ith the tra f fic agreement w ith the Goul d l ine s w il l furni sh an outlet t o ,
the Gul f ports for the produce a n d merchandi se o f the most p roductive
area in the nation St Paul and the t ributary te rrito ry i s ce rtai n to pro fit
. .
comme rc ially a n d industrially by bei ng made o n e o f the most impo rtant

points o n the new system connecting Canada a n d the N orthwe st w ith
”
the Gul f o f M exico Anothe r newspaper announcement o f th e same
.
period that the Grand T runk Rai l way System w i ll enter St Paul and i s
. .
,
”
negoti ating fo r lan d o n the We st Si de flats may have d i rect relation to ,
the scheme la st re ferred to .
T R IBUTARY A GRI C U L TURA L R E SOUR C E S
T he future o f St Paul i s assu red by the wealth an d variety o f the

.
natu r al resources found i n its tributa ry country de stine d a s they mani , ,
f e s t l y are to be exhaustively devel oped by an i ndustri ou s and i ntelligent

,
populatio n domi cil ed therein About

,
acre s o f the land i n the
.
state i s in farm s but only ,

have been tu rne d by the plo w M i .
n e s o t a still a f fords over acres i n i ts vi rgin state .
acres o f publ ic land s are obtainable at publ ic sale at price s ranging f rom
per ac re up o f which but 1 5 per cent i s exacted a s a cash payment
, ,
the balance being payabl e i n forty years and draw ing i ntere st at fou r
pe rcent A featu re o f the agricultu ral development o f thi s great region
. .
has been the sci entific metho ds which prevail fo r the conservation o f the
land Profiting by the exampl es o f the abandoned farms i n the E ast the
.
,
North we ste rn farmer w ho perhap s w as born and rea red upon a n old
,
w ornout farm i n N ew E ngland too k early p r ec u t i o n s against the pos ,
s i b i l i t i e s o f sim ilar conditions i n the new territo ry and the state autho r ,
ities are cooperati ng w ith the farmers i n thi s matte r I nstea d o f c o n .
c e n t r a t i n g the i r e f forts upon the p roducti on o f an annuall y dec reasing

yiel d pe r ac re o f a si ngl e grain the farmer s a re trying to see how great
a variety o f crop s may be rai sed .
M I N N E SOT A S T I M B E R W E A L T H
.
’
I n the recent years M inne sota has been giv ing so much attention to
farm ing dai rying m i ning horticul ture and other e ff o rts to woo rewards
, , ,
f rom the soil that the popula r m ind w ill p robably be su rp ri sed at the
report o f State Fo reste r Cox that the mature marketabl e timbe r o f the ,
state has a value o f at l east o r about as muc h as the na

t i o n a l debt o f the Uni ted States Thi s take s into accou nt only the timber .
which i s ripe for the market and has no re fe rence to the future resource s
o f that kind wh ich a re capable o f unlim ited devel opment th rough a p roper
protection o f the e xi sting timber areas and i ntell igent re forestation .
M ost o f the land now cove red w i th marketabl e timbe r i s p robably too
valuabl e to warrant i ts retenti on fo r timbe r grow ing purpo se s but a -
,
.
the flow o f our c reeks and rivers may be harnesse d a n d converte d i nto
p otenti al energy by methods undreame d o f i n the recent past
, .
M any d i fli c u l t i e s have been overcome and othe rs a re being sur

mounte d eve ry day I t w a s found that through contact a n electric light
.
coul d be p roduce d The di fficulty at fi rst was to fin d how to make and

.
how to break that contact i n order to tu rn the light o n a n d o ff M orse .

.
experimented w ith electricity a n d gave u s the telegrap h E di son e x .
p e r i m e n t e d di scovere d something new about it and gave u s the i ncan

,
descent light D r Graham B ell expe rimented d i scovere d something else

. .
,
a n d gave us the telephone D r H ertz pave d the way fo r w ireless teleg

. .
r a p h y by hi s announcement o f the p ri nciple o f the H ertz ian wave s .
Then M arconi proceeded to harness the se electri c w aves and gave u s

w i rele ss telegraphy and D r Frede rick Col lins has follo we d w ith the
, .
'
w i reles s telep hone .
So looking backward for fi fty years w e real iz e that withi n that p eriod
m an has succeeded i n per fecting such a harness f or electricity that he ha s
accompli she d many things which were once seemingly i mp ossible Th i s .
l ine o f reasoning app lies to the harnessi ng o f thi s mysteriou s f orce so ,
that as i s n o w p red icte d w e w ill i n time completely ove rc ome the forces
, ,
o f gravity B y thi s means rail road trains rel ieved o f part o f thei r
.
, ,
weight wil l travel faster and easier owi ng to the enormous re duction o f
,
f riction Steamship s w ill skim ac ross the ocean i nste a d o f havi ng to

.
p low th rough i t Aeri al c ra ft w il l be rendere d ab solutely a n d p r a c t i

.
cally in depe ndent o f plane s fo r buoyancy B y simply i nc reasing or de .
c reas ing a current o f electrical w aves they c an be rai se d o r lowe red o r

kep t stati onary at the w ill o f the operator
‘
E ve n some o f the O l de r electrical arts are st ill u ndevelope d Take .
the storage batte ry fo r instance The time i s ripe fo r a signal imp rove
,
.
ment O ne c a n confidently annou nce the com ing a n d ve ry soon o f a

.
, ,
new p rinciple wh ich w ill mark an epoch i n the development o f Thi s

branch o f electr ic ity .
E lectrical engineers promi se for the ci ti es smokeless skies railless , ,
street cars and domestic com forts now unknown f rom the imminent ,
’
e xpans ion o f man s knowle dge o f the gene ration and transm i ssion o f
electrici ty .
A n d to the agricultu ral di stricts will come a dde d co nveniences r e ,
d u c e d l abor and i ncreased production beyo nd the d ream o f th e inten sive

fa rmer O f today Fiel d moto rs and barn motor s and k itchen m otors
.
w ill replace the mu scular strai n on horses and men and women tran s , ,
formi n g li fe on the farm i nto a pleasurable and p rofitable career Now .
comes Geo rge Westinghou se the great i nvento r w ith th e statemen t , ,
that we are o n the e v e o f stupendou s achievement due to the scienti fic

use o f electricity so t h at t h e r e may be stimulation o f the soi l In hi s. .
op ini on thi s i s n o w beyond the expe rimental stage Te sts have been m ade .
upon tracts o f land o f conside rabl e area each one o f which wa s sow n ,
or planted exactly as the othe r w as O ne w a s treate d to an electric c u r .
rent o f about o n e hundred thousand volts o f ve ry high f requency The .
Other tract was cultivated b y ordinary i nten sive method s The e x pe r i .
m ents w hich were conti nued for five o r si x year s sh owe d an increase
.
,
o f about forty p er cent i n wheat c rop s grow n upon the electrifie d plot
as com p a red w ith the crops p ro duced up on the u n e l e c t r i fie d tract .
With these multipl ied new use s f o r el ectric ity an d the vast p o s s i b i l .
ities o f new source s o f supply the impo rtance o f the i nnumerabl e w ater .
power s ite s in S t Paul s va st tributary region s as a contributory r e

.
’
.
sou rce fo r the un l imite d growth o f the c ity wil l be mo re apparent The ,
.
ST PAU L A ND VI C I N I TY
.
673
availabl e waterp owe r o f the United State s at m inimum fl ow i s app r o x i ,
mately horsepowe r and thi s can be increased five or six ,
time s by suitable s torage faci lities A recent government rep ort state s .
that horsepower has been d evelope d i n the United States fo r

electrical and othe r i ndu strial purpo se s M innesota the water she d o f .
,
-
the continent has its full allotment o f the rap idly fl ow i ng st r eams that
,
furnish wate r powers H er enterpri sing citizens w ill not be di la tory

-
.
i n finding productive employment f or them .
N ATION A L C O N SID E RA TIO N S .
To the vari ed and potent influences we have re ferred to wh ich com ,
bine in augm ented fo rce and w ith the increasing e ff ect to give u n d en i
,
’
able as surance o f St Paul s splendi d future there are other consi dera
.
,
tions of a more general o r national character that bri ng thei r added quota ,
O f encou ragement Thi s i s an e ra of p rogre ss an d reform M en are b e

. .
i ng led to see that the function o f gove rnm ent i s not to ma g ni fy the
impo rtance O f commercial development at the expense o f the p eop le as
a whole but rathe r to establ i sh j ust and equable relations between all
,
classes and interests to the end that al l may have an equal oppo rtunity
,
to becom e u se fu l happy and progressive citi zen s and e scape the d em o r

,
a l i z i n g influence o f poverty The relations o f the government to the c o r

.
p o r a t i o n o f the government to the people an d o f the p eople to the cor

, ,
p o r at i o n are i n p roce ss o f readj u stment For centurie s util ities have been .
conducted by p rivate cap ital The fi rm succeede d the i ndivi dual The
. .
co rporati on took the place o f the fi rm Then came the amalgamati on o f .
fi rm s an d corporations i nto v i rtual mon opol i es and the recapitali zation ,
o f th e whole upon a tremendously inflated basi s The p eople the con .

,
sume rs the men who pay the bills have revolte d at last
,
‘
They are ,
.
searching for remedies that shall be j ust to all the interests i nvolved ; they
w ill find an d apply those reme dies The result wi ll be a ne w and mo re.
permanent measure o f general p rosperity whereo f the gol den heart o f ,
the continent the busi ness heritage o f S t Paul w ill get its share
, .
,
.
For i n all thi s aggressive movement the mi ddle we st and the new
, ,
northwest have taken the lead For many reasons the c rescent social
, . ,
fo rces o f ou r time triumph We st o f the A l l eg h a n i e s sooner than E ast and , ,
many pol ici es n o w di stinctively western wi ll be accepted i n the end as

, , ,
A m erican One discerning w riter has poi nted out that the M i ddl e We st
.
stands for ce rtai n things the E ast does not understand an d needs to
have i nterpreted to i t because the el ement s i n its think ing are not the
,
same There are several important points o f di ffe rence :

.
I The West owns hal f the cap ital it u ses

. The E ast owns m ost .
o f its own capital and hal f o f the cap ital i n the West Thi s make s the .
ownersh ip i ntere st stronger i n the thought an d poli cy o f the E ast ,
2. The tari ff bre d manu facturing intere sts are more numerous and
-
infl uential i n the E ast .
The We st i s a century nearer its f rontie r e xperiences and stil l

che ri she s much o f its p ri stine democracy .
E astern peopl e o f fortune a re more closely i n touch w ith the

Ol d Worl d ari stocracy an d its pl ea sure —seek ing i deals The V Ve s t e r n .
b re d rich who remai n West are still strongly tinge d with the yearning
for achi evement or use fulness .
5. The i nc ip ient caste spi rit o f the E ast i s stimulated by the p re s

ence o f great numbers o f low grade u h —Americaniz ed and there fore ex , ,
.
pl o i tabl e , immigrants The immigrants in the West are l ess squalid help
.
,
l e ss , a n d de ferential— they are more speedi ly a n d more thoroughly Ame r

i c an i z e d .
6 The cultu re
. o f the E ast i s more concentrated speciali zed ripened , , .
a n d thorough ; but the common people the re a re not so well read sel f -
confi dent and sel f asse rtive as those o f the West

,
-
, .
For the triumph o f the dom inant social forces o f tomorrow the i n ,
t e r p r e t a t i o n o f the com ing gospel o f p rogress a n d patrioti sm what c o n ,
s t i t u e n c y i s so well e quipped as the i ntell igent and p rosperous populatio n
o f the magni ficent emp i re tributary to St Paul . .
A D R E A M OF T H E F UTUR E
We cannot perhaps better clo se thi s chapter a n d thi s volume than

, , ,
by an abridgement o f a seeming rhapsody but probably only an actual ,
p revi sion falling short o f comi ng realities p ri nted i n the P i o n e e r P r es s ,

“
i n June 1 9 1 1 entitled Looking Backwa rd in
-
, ,
L ooki ng fo rward i n 1 9 1 1 what optimist w oul d have ventu red to ,
p redict the greatness that i s ou rs i n this year o f 1 91 6 ?

T he l oom O f D esti ny has plie d a m ighty traf fic i n these five years yet ,
leave s vast portion s o f the patte rn but vaguely outl ined yet .
Standing i n f ront o f the magni ficent Union D epot who w oul d think ,
”
that only five years ago we sco ff ed and sai d I t wil l neve r be .
“
.
The Doubt o f Ye sterday ha s become the Faith o f T oday and the

P romi se o f Tomorrow .
Al l ove r th is city i s t h e g l o r y o f the completed dream o f a generati on

_
ago Up on the beginnings made by the p ioneers we have built far to

.
ward a pe r fectio n they neve r coul d foresee .
Father H ennep in standi ng besi de the Falls o f St Anthony caught i n

, .
,
a dream that p ierce d the future w ith p rophetic reaches nev er contem ,
plated a fracti on o f what we see and possess today .
An d five b rie f years ago the enthu si astic boomers confident o f a to ,
morrow w hich shoul d find St Paul the teemi ng cente r o f a new West .
,
di d not perce ive how supe rlatively w e shoul d achieve what they aimed
f or .
Ri sing above our doubts then w e p ressed onward to the present goal .
A nd today w ith new problem s be fore us fo r solution ; with ou r hori zon s

,
pu shed far out ou r poss ibi liti es greatly increased and our responsibil iti e s
, ,
accordingly c rowd ing upon u s more insi stently than eve r we begin to ,
“ ”
ask What o f the ne xt five years ? A n d the answe r come s from the
“ ”
last five years : Ju st go ahea d an d do th ings .
We conque red obstacles then w e c an conque r them again , .
The material beauty o f St Paul i s very great ; our new buildings ou r .

,
factories ou r sto res ou r home s all the se things impress u s a s they

, , ,
impress th e strange r w ithi n ou r gate s But back o f them all i s the .
something wh ich i s greater— the one really great thing we have aecom
l i s h e d That i s the unified sp i rit o f S t Paul — the bond o f a c o m o m o n
p . .
purpose and comm on hope uniting al l elements o f our society into one
community o f i nterest and e f fort .
Standi ng on a street corne r i n the year 1 9 1 0 Charl es W Ame s spoke . .
w ith enthusi astic hope o f the future o f the St Paul I nstitute which .
,
he had helpe d to found a n d e stabli sh He d reamed that it might g row .
to be a vital force i n the c ivic l i fe o f St Paul H e wa s enthusi a stic . .
then But measu re d against the real ity o f today that d ream o f 1 9 1 0
.
seem s sadly an d cu ri ou sly small .

CHA PT E R L X I
P E R S ON A L H I STORY
A R N O LD S C H WY ZE R M D Ame rica owes much to Swi ss stock and

, . .
ha s honored and been honore d by many gi fted and noble men and women
o f thi s extraction Few native sons o f S witzerlan d have p roved a greater
.
honor to their adopted country than A rnol d Schwyzer a p rom inent St , .
Paul physician an d the scion o f an ol d family whose hi story i s traced

to the M i ddle Ages D r Schwyzer w ho i s a man o f education and train
. .
,
rn g vast experience an d remarkable native abil ity

,
has been i dentified ,
with thi s city si nce D ecember 1 891 From 1 908 u ntil March 1 9 1 I he
,
.
, ,
served as Swi ss consul for the state s o f M innesota N orth a n d S outh ,
Da kota M ontana and Wyoming

, .
D r Schwyzer was born on M ay 2 3 1 864 in B aar county of Z ug

.
, , , ,
S wi tzerland and i s the son o f Colonel A rnol d H an d Catherine ( Iten )

,
.
Schwyzer A s mentioned the fam ily i s ol d an d has had citi zenship i n

.
,
’
the f ree city o f Z urich si nce 1 40 1 The subj ect s ancestors w ere the .
banne r bearers o f Z urich at the battl e o f Murten i n the year 1 4 7 6 ; at

-
the battle o f M arignano i n the year 1 5 1 5 ; and the battles o f Kappel in

the years 1 52 9 an d 1 53 1 As hi s parents were i n good c i rcumstance s
.
,
young Arnol d was destined to receive a good education which was found ,
e d upon si x years attendance i n the common school s and si x and a hal f

years in col lege He early deci ded to adop t as hi s own the med ical p ro
.
f e s s i o n a n d i n p reparation for the same attende d the Universities o f

Geneva an d Z u rich H e subsequently went to E dinburgh where he had
.
,
for a short time the advantages o f i nstruction f rom wo rl d renowned -
physicians He took the Swi ss state examination as physici an an d sur

.
geon on M arch 1 1 88 8 and i i i the sam e year was made fi rst l ieutenant
, ,
o f the med ical corp s o f S witzerland I n 1 890 he received hi s dipl oma as .
D octor o f M edici ne From 1 88 8 to 1 88 9 he was an assi stant i n the county

.
hospital o f Glarus Sw itzerland and i n the years 1 8 90 and 1 8 9 1 he acted .
i n l ike capacity at the University Women s Hospital o f the c ity o f Z u ’
rich . Thu s h i s me dical stud ies i ncluding h i s hospital assistantship

'
, ,
wh ich were o f a varied characte r consumed nea rly a decade lasting , ,
as they di d f rom the fal l o f 1 882 unti l the fal l o f 1 8 9 1 The resul t ha s .
indeedyj usti fied the preparation for he i s today one o f the most valuable ,
physicians in the northwest acute i n hi s perceptio ns widely read i n h is

,
p ro fession a n d sk il l ful in applying hi s acqu i rements to p ractical u se In .
addition to hi s general practice he hol ds the posit i on o f surgeon to S t .
J oseph s H ospital ; and gynecologi st to S t L uke S I n the year 1 909 D r

’
.
’
. .
Schwyzer wa s presi dent o f the Ramsey County M edical Soc i ety I n .
1 8 99 h e w a s c l inical p ro fessor o f surgical pathology and later on until
1 90 7 he w a s p ro fessor o f c l i ni cal surgery at Haml ine University .

ST PAU L A ND V I CI N I TY
.
67 7
D r Schwyzer was marrie d i n Z urich hi s ancestral city in 1 899 to

.
, ,
‘
Hanny Henggele r daughte r o f Colone l Ad ol f Henggeler her demi se o c

, ,
curr i ng a few years late r Z urich was al so the scene o f hi s second mar.
r i ag e i n 1 906 when Marguerite Mueller daughter of Co l o n el lM ueller

, , ,
chie f instructor o f the Sw iss cavalry becameghi s wi fe D r and M rs , . . .
Schwyzer share thei r home wi th two children Marguerite and Gustav ,
Arnold .
D r Schwyzer has himsel f been allied with M ars as well as A e s c u l a

.
pius having served while living in E urope as fi rst lieutenant i n the Swi ss
,
army I n 1 9 1 1 he was appointed fi rst l ieutenant o f the Medical Reserve

.
Corps o f the United State s o f America He and hi s wi fe are members .
o f the S wiss N ational Protestant church .
A UGUST R AD A Tz N ew Canada township is the home o f some o f the

.
best farmers o f Ram sey county whose e ff orts have ever been di rected ,
towards the develop ment o f thei r community and the betterment o f exi st
ing conditions August Radatz who carries o n op erations on an ex
.
,
c e l l en t tract o f 1 93 acres located i n section 2 belongs to thi s class

,
He , .
was born i n Pru ssia Germany Augu st 2 7 1 8 55 and i s a son o f Ferdinand

, , , ,
and Louisa ( P ri ebe ) Radatz .
M r Radatz was seven years o f age when he was brought to the United
.
States by hi s parents and the j ourney across the ocean took seve n weeks
,
and three days They fi rst located at Clevelan d Ohi o where M r Radatz
.
, , .
received a good common school education and when he was fi fteen years ,
ol d in 1 870 the family came to M innesota where Ferdinand Radatz pur

, , ,
chased forty fiv e acre s o f lan d at seven dollars per acre an d on thi s w il d

‘
tract erected a little log shanty of two roo ms and a log barn L ater in .
,
1 8 7 6 he bought eighty acres more at fi ft een dollars pe r acre an d in 1 8 8 6

, , ,
he sol d hi s land at si xty dollars an acre and moved to St Paul eventually .

,
going to Otter Tai l county M innesota where hi s death occurre d whe n he , ,
was seventy nine years o f age hi s w i fe hav ing passed away on the ol d
-
homestead i n 1 882 .
I n 1 8 78 August Radatz bought ninety two acres o f lan d at about -
twenty dollars an acre and tw o years later N ovember 7 1 8 80 he was

, , , ,
married i n St Paul to Mi ss Hulda Gehrmann o f Oakdal e township

.
, , ,
Washingt on county S he was born in Prussia Ge rmany daughter o f

.
, ,
Frank an d H enrietta ( Ott ) Gehrmann who came to St Paul in 1 869 in , .

,
wh ich city M r Gehrmann w ork ed at hi s trade o f brick layer In 1 8 77

.
-
.
the fami ly went to Oakdal e township where M r Gehrmann purchased

.
, .
one hundre d acres o f land paying twelve dollars an acre for twenty acres ,
and fi fteen an acre for eighty acres and i n 1 8 86 sol d thi s land at fi fty ,
dollars an acre and move d to St Paul where both he and hi s wi fe still .

,
reside being about eighty years of age At the time o f hi s marriage M r

,
. .
Radatz put up a house at a cost o f about $200 and moved into it but hi s ,
wi fe s health not being very good he l eft th e farm and went to S t Paul
’
, .
,
where they resided for about te n years During the land boom he sold .
o ff twenty acr es o f hi s property at $ 2 3 0 a n acre and at that time tore ,
down hi s ol d bu il dings and put up new ones at an expense o f about ,
Soon therea fter he bought forty acr es o f lan d i n the same 10

c a l i ty at fi fty dollars a n acre twenty —two acres at forty fiv e dollars an ,
-
acre and eighty acres at forty an acre an d he now has 1 93 acres al l in a

, , ,
fine state o f cultivati on In 1 909 he put up a barn thi rty four by sixty
.
-
si x feet w ith a good basement under all and the water i s p iped thereinto
, ,
as it i s into the house M r Radatz i s one o f the most progre ssive o f

. .
678 ST . PAU L A N D VI CI N ITY
farmers a n d a n excellent business m an H e hold s the confidence an d e s .

“
teem o f hi s neighbors and ta ke s a p ri d e i n what he has accomplishe d 1

,
-
N ine children have bee n born to M r and M rs Radatz o f whom fi v e . . .

,
- -
d i e d i n in fancy whi le the su rvivo rs all o f whom live at home are E rnest
'
, , , ,
Lily Fred a n d F rieda M r Radatz i s a Republican i n his political a ffil i a

, . .
tions but has n o t been an O f fice seeker although he has served as school ,
treasu rer o f: hi s home di strict fo r some time a n d re fused to allo w h is ,
nam e to be use d as a can didate f o r the o f fice o f county comm i ss i one r

'
He a n d hi s wi fe and child ren are consistent members o f the German

L utheran chu rch o f N orth St Paul o f w hich he was a trustee for twenty .
,
seven years a n d then resigned .
EDWARD C RA IG M IT C H E LL O n e o f the greatest losses that the city .
o f St Paul was calle d upon to sustai n duri ng the year o f 1 9 1 1 came to

.
her i n the death o f the Reve rend E dward C M i tchel l who w as pastor .
,
o f the New Jerusalem chu rch o f S t Paul He was not only a theologian . .
a n d scholar but as a m ini ster he was deeply i n earnest an d i n hi s bel ie f

,
that religion w a s meant to be used seven days i n the week a n d not o n e .
he di d a great work i n bringing the rel igi ous l i fe o f h i s people close r to

thei r practical work ing lives As a sc ienti st he was w i dely k nown h is .
,
collection o f arch aeological rel ics being o n e o f the most valuable i nd ivi dual
c ollections i n the country It i s n o t as a scienti st a n d schol ar that the .
c iti zen s o f S t Paul hol d him i n thei r memo ries but as a phi lanthropi st
.
,
and p ractical sociologist T he kindergartens the day nursery societies .

, ,
fo r the relie f o f the poor i n al l o f the se he was the leader a n d organi ze r

,
.
Regardless o f sel f p ro foundly consc ious o f the needs o f soci ety and o f
,
h is duty to soci ety he was a n i nspi ration to those men who we re i n

,
earnest and w ill ing to work but who had ne ither h i s insight a n d knowl
edge O f conditions nor hi s s e l fle s s n es s Thi s is w hy h e is so deepl y .
mou rne d by the c ity for though the great ma j ority o f the people di d n o t
,
know him pe rsonally yet they had felt h is upl i fting influence .
E dward Craig M itchell was born in St Lou is M i ssou ri o n the 2 I s t .

, ,
o f July 1 8 3 6 H e was the s o n o f E dward Phillip s M itchel l a n d E lizabeth

, .
( Tyndale ) M itchel l H i s father was a native o f Salem Roanok e county

.
, ,
V i rginia and for si x generations the fam ily has been rep resented i n the
,
Ol d D omi nion H i s grandparents on both si des were descended from

.
ol d E ngli sh fam il ies hi s mother wh o was born i n Philadelphia being

, , ,
descended f rom a brother o f the famous William Tyndale who su ff ered

martyrdom for hi s great wo rk i n the translation o f the B ible into the
E ngli sh language Joh n Tyndall the noted E ngl ish physici st was al so
.
, ,
a member o f thi s fam ily When young E dward w as five years ol d hi s .
father removed to Philadelphia Penns y lvania and went into the mer , ,
c a n t i l e business H e late r became inte rested in fi nancial matters a n d was

.
p resi dent o f the Commonwealth Bank o f Phi ladelphia H e was som e .
thing o f a scholar a n d was the autho r o f several book s E dward C . .
M itchel l was the second o f the th ree sons o f h i s parents H i s eldest

’
b rothe r i s Judge James Tyndall M itchell o f Philadelph ia who has been ,
e ditor o f the A m e r i c a n L a w R eg i s te r and was ch ie f j ustice o f the sup reme

court o f Penn sylvania .
Central high school Philadelph ia was the school i n which E dward C

, ,
.
M i tchell recei ve d his el ementary e ducat ion Here he took hi s A B . . .
degree i n 1 8 56 an d i n 1 8 6 1 he received hi s A M degree H e al so a t

,
. . .
tended the law school o f the University o f Penn sylvania and he was .
graduated f rom thi s in stitution i n 1 8 59 He was admitted to the bar the .

.
soci eties o f wh ich only the most important may be mentioned H e was
, .
the originator o f the f ree ki nde rgartens o f S t Paul and was p resi dent .
,
o f thi s movement until it was given into the charge o f the publ ic school s .
The St Paul Rel ie f Society owe s its e xi stence to hi s e ff orts and he was
.
,
p re si dent and chai rman o f the executive committee fo r seve ral years He .
a l so fou nded the St Paul day nu rse ry a n d w a s for many years vice
.
,
presi dent o f the Humane S ociety for the prevention o f cruelty to chil
d ren and an imal s A number o f the great patriotic soci eties c a n claim
.
h i m as a membe r these bei ng the Soc iety o f the Sons o f the American
,
Revolution o f which he was a charter membe r an d an ex chaplain ; the

.
-
Society o f Colonial Wars o f the State o f M i nnesota o f w hich he was al so ,
chaplain ; and the S ociety o f American \Vars He was a p rominent mem .
be r o f the M innesota H i sto rical S ociety a n d was a member o f the board

.
o f managers H e was a member o f the Peace Society o f America an d i n

.
,
the scientific world hel d membe rship i n the N ational Geographic Society ,
the Ph iladelph ia Academy o f Natu ral Science and the St Paul Academy ,
.
o f Science O f w hic h he was president He was l ikewi se a membe r o f

, .
the American I nstitute o f C ivics and o f such di ssim ila r organizations as ,
the Young M en s Christian Associati on a n d the Comme rcial Club o f S t

’
.
Paul The mere recital o f thi s long l ist o f association s in all o f which he
.
w a s active i s su ffici ent evi dence O f the broadm in dedness o f the man and
.
'
o f hi s p rogressive i deas H e endeavored to keep abreast o f the great .
change that i s tak ing place i n economic social and rel igiou s thought and , .
i f a n y man could succeed he coul d The w ork that b e accompl i shed i s the .
best p roo f that he di d succeed .
Reve rend E dwa rd C M itchell and M i ss L oui se C Fernal d were mar . .
ri ed o n the 9t h o f M ay 1 86 5 an d i t was o n account o f her ill health that,
he came to M innesota She did not l ive long and i n 1 8 76 o n the 8 th o f . .
J uly he marrie d Ann ie Iu n g e r i c h a daughter o f L oui s C Iu n ge r i c h who

, , . .
was a prominent banker a n d capital i st o f Philadelphia Pennsylvania ,

.
M rs M itchell died i n 1 898 at the age o f sixty two years He r husband

. .
-
.
di ed 011 the 8 th o f D ecembe r 1 9 1 1 at St Paul at the age o f seventy five , , .

,
-
.
Thei r o n l v son Wal ton I M itchell i s now o n e o f the leading physicians o f

. .
,
Wi chita Kansas H e was b orn in St Paul M inne sota on the 2 6 t h O f

. . .
, ,
Decembe r 1 8 7 7 and receive d hi s ea rly education i n the high school o f hi s

, ,
home city H e then atten ded the Un ive rsity o f M i nne sota where he was
.
,
graduated i n 1 900 w ith the degree o f B S Having determine d to study

, . .
medicine he went to the H a h n e m a n Medical College a n d H ospital i n

,
Philadelphia w h e i e he 1 e c e i v e d the degree o f M D i n 1 903 The t w o

. . .
succeeding years he spent i n study and p i ac t i c e i n the Metropol itan H os

pital i n N ew York Cit y He was m a i r i e d o n the 2 5t h o f J une 1 90 1 to , ,
Blanche Craw ford a daughter o f George D Craw ford o f Hagerstown,

.
,
.
M aryland D r a n d M rs M itchell have two children Annie I who was

. . .
,
.
,
born on the 2 3 d o f July 1 90 2 a n d Walton C whose bi rth occurred in , ,

.
.
November 1 903 o n the 7 th o f the month

, , .
J M C CO NV I L I E Notably p rominent among the suc

"
CO NS 1 NTI N E
’
\ . .
c e s s f u l business m en o f St Paul i s Constantine J M c Co n v i ll e the w ealth ) .
me i chant a n d land owne r M r l\ Ic Co n v i l l e s fathe r b e f O I e him w as in the . .
m ercantile business Both M ichael M c Co n v i l l e and M a i y ( M c D u ff e y )

. .
his e re native s o f I i e l a n d : both are n o w deceased Thei r son who .
is t h e sub j ect o f the present sketc h 11 as born in Ne “ Y O i k Cit ) He w a s . .
educated i n the publ ic school s o f that nati onal metropol is a n d i n the Col
l ege o f the Cit y o f Ne w Y o r k H i s fi rst vocational emp l o y ment as in
ST PAU L A ND V I CI N ITY
. 68 1
the Ne w York dry goods house o f Will iam H v an S l y c k who was the .
,
father o f the well known George Finch v an S l y c k I n 1 8 7 2 young M c .
Conville came to St Paul H i s intelligent grasp o f all busi ness detail s

. .
and his popularity wi th all cu stomers was such that he soon became p r ac
tically i nvaluable to the company with which he a ssociate d himsel f an d ,
on the first o f J anuary 1 88 8 he was made a member o f the firm When

, ,
.
the company was reorganize d e ight years later he was made V ice —p resi
dent And a fter the death o f George R Fi nch he succeeded i n June
. .
, ,
1 9 1 0 to the position o f head o f t h e fi rm

,
I t i s needless to comment o n .
the standing o f the house the qual ity o f i ts merchandise or the extent o f
,
its patronage fo r the supe riority o f each i s well known to all resi dents o f
,
S t Pau l
. .
M r M c Co n v i ll e s accessory commercial activities are indicate d by h i s

.
’
i e l a t i o n to each o f the following organizati o n s t h e Provi dent L oan C om .
pany o f which he i s pre si dent ; the White Bear L an d Company , i n which

,
he hol ds the same o ffi ce ; and th e Association o f Commerce o f which he i s ,
o n e o f the di rectors He i s a very popula r club man be ing a di rector o f

.
,
the Commercial Club and a member o f the M in nesota Club o f the Town ,
and Country Club the Auto Club and the White Bear Yacht Club
,
.
The family li fe o f M r M c Co nv i l l e l s closely connected with S t Pau l

. .
and St Paul socie ty H i s first marriage was w ith M ary J Corrigan o f thi s
. . .
city ; she died in 1 890 leaving one daughter Adelaide His second mar
, , .
r i a g e occurred i n 1 895 when M argaret M ae Butler o f St ,

Paul became ,
.
,
M rs M c Co n v i l l e ; thei r chil dren are C onstance M and C larence B M r

. . . .
M c Co n v i ll e and hi s fami ly are among the most p rominent members o f the

Roman Catholic church o f thi s place He i s taki ng an especially impor ta nt .
part i n the plans and p rogress o f the buil ding o f the new cathedral and i s
also a member o f the Catholic Club o f New Y o r k Ci ty
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J O H N W FI N EH O U T The early pioneer stock o f St Paul consisting

. . .
,
o f unusually staunch and nobl e men who made their way into the new
country and lai d the paths o f civil ization straight and clean i s now rapi dly , ,
di sappea ring although here and there remains some fine patriarch not yet
,
s u mmoned to the Undisc overed C ountry whose memories b ri dge the past
and p resent Thei r sons are now leaders i n the many si de d li fe o f the
.
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city and rep resentative O f its most admi rable c itizenship and among them ,
none i s more wo rthy o f esteem than the gentleman whose name i h

a u g u r a t es thi s review — Judge J W F i n e h o u t for ten years j udge o f the
, . .
St Paul municipa l court Selected because o f his supposed special fitness

. .
for the o ffi ce he has demonstrated i n hi s continuous service i n the position

,
that there was w isdom an d good j udgment i n the selection and the ex ,
p e c t at i o n s involved in maki ng it have been fully met i n the capable and

faith ful per form ance o f o ffi cial duty He i s a veteran o f the Spani sh .
American war and possesses several other pleasant di stinctions in addi

’
tion to hi s prestige as a member o f St Paul s splendi d j udiciary . .
Judge F i n e h o u t was born i n St Paul on August 2 1 8 7 3 the son o f .

, ,
Henry Fi n eh o u t a native o f th e state o f New York The father was

, . .
born at Fort Plain M ontgomery county that state in 1 8 1 9 He became

, , , .
a rail road contractor an d came to the new St Paul whe n a young man .
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one o f hi s early honors being the buil ding o f the fi rst railroad into the c ity
from the east— the Chicago St Paul Rail road the same being Co m .
,
pl e te d in 1 8 70 So greatly was he impressed with the possibilities o f futu re

.
greatness for S t Paul that he decided to locate here and he became the
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first general superintendent o f the Chi cago M i lwaukee St Paul Rail , .

68 2 ST PAU L AN D VI CI N ITY
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road H owever hi s health becoming impai red he agai n went 011 the road
.
, ,
and was an o ffi cial o n the Omaha Rail road u ntil hi s reti rement f rom
active li fe He al so bu ilt the Chicago M il waukee 81 St Paul Railroad
.
, . .
The dem ise o f thi s well known and highly honored man occurred on June -
2 4 1 900 when over eighty years o f age

, ,
H i s i s a name which deserves .
a high place i n the records o f the pioneers o f Ram sey county where i t i s ,
preserved a n d increased i n honor by h is w orthy descendant Judge Fine .

~
hout s mother w hose maiden name was Cathe rine A Cowan i s a native o f
’
, . .
I reland an d i s still living maki ng he r home at 595 Ol ive street O f the ,

.
three children born to her and her hu sband the subj ect is the only o n e ,
living .
For hi s prelim inary education Judge F i n e h o u t i s i ndebted to the publ ic

school s the Franklin school having been the scene o f hi s fi rst i ntroduction
,
to M inerva A fter fin i s h i n g i t s curriculum he entered Shattuck M ilitary

.
,
Academy at Fa r i b au l t M innesota f rom which he wa s graduated i n 1 891 ,

.
, .
Hi s fi rst experiences as an actual factor i n the work a day worl d were in - -
connection wi th the rail road business primarily i n the o ffice o f the Omaha ,
Rail road and the n w ith the Great Northern I n the meantime he had .
decide d upon hi s career a n d h i s nights and all spare m inute s w ere utili zed
,
in studying law H e concluded his p reparation i n the state university a n d

.
from that institution received his bachelor o f law degree i n 1 898 For .
some time p revi ous to hi s graduation he w as chi e f clerk in the legal de

pa r tm e n t o f the Great N orthern Railway Upon the outbreak o f the .
Spanish American w a r w h en patriotism became no longer a me re rhet

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o r i c a l expression he enli sted an d was made senior captain o f Company

,
B o f a M i nnesota regiment : In the following year he was mustered out at

Augusta Georgia Fo r several years p reviou s to hi s enlistment he had
,
.
been connecte d w ith the Fi rst M innesota National Guards .
Upon hi s r eturn f rom war fare Judge Fi n e h o u t took up hi s practice o f

the law an d succeeding years have measured an eminently success ful a n d
u se ful caree r For a time he was i n the O ffice o f C D
. T D O B r i en . . . .
’
one o f the best known law fi rms i n the northwest M r T D O B r i e n sub

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. . . .
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sequently serving on the supreme bench o f the state In Septembe r the .
subj ect was appointe d assi stant corporation attorney an d S hortly therea fter
was appointe d city p rosecutor se rving until 1 902 when he resigned to ,
b ec ome a candi date for j udge o f the municipal court H e w as elected .
and r e elected i n 1 906 and 1 9 1 0 In 1 906 he a n d M ayor Keller we re the

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o n l y R e pu b l i c a n s elected to o f fice Judge F i n e h o u t has the di stinction o f

'
bei ng the only m an th ree ti mes elected to the o ffice o f municipal j udge .
Since hi s earl iest voting days he has been a loyal Republican an d has ever
’
since been one o f the most active participants in the party s counci ls and
campaigns At present he i s openly i denti fied w ith the p rogressive wing
.
o f the party an d devotes conside rable time ai ding i n the work that i s being
attempted by the s o called i nsu rgents -
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Judge F i n e h o u t i s o f that type which finds pl easu re a n d p rofit i n asso

c i a t i o n with hi s f e l l o w m e n a n d he has a number o f f raternal connections .
“
He bel ongs to the ancie n t a n d august M asoni c orde r an d has traveled
”
east w ith the Shriners H e h olds membe rship w ith the Benevolent a n d .
Protective Orde r o f E lks the Comme rcial Club the Junior Pionee rs the . , ,
Woodmen a n d num erou s other organizations He i s a di rector o f the .
E ast St Paul Commercial Club and i s interested i n al l matte rs a ff ecting

.
the c ivic wel fare .
Thi s veteran ha s not ve t become a rec rui t to the ranks O f the

“ “
Benedicts .
. 683
H ON OR A B L E W ALT E R H S A N BOR N LL D One o f the ablest and .

,
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most distinguished members o f the j udiciary Of the United States r e

sides in St Paul Walter H Sanborn United S tates c ircuit j udge and
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,
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,
p resi ding j udge o f the United States circuit court o f appeals o f the .
E ighth j udicial ci rcuit in population i n area and i n varied an d impor , ,
tant l itigation the largest ci rcui t i n the nation comprising the thi rtee n ,
states M innesota North Dakota South D akota I owa N ebraska Col

, , , , , ,
orado Wyoming Utah M i ssouri Kansas New Mexico Oklahoma and

, , , , , ,
Arkansas .
Walte r H Sanborn was born on October 1 9 1 84 5 i n the house i n

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, ,
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which hi s fathe r an d grand father were born on Sanborn s H ill i n Ep ,
som Ne w H ampshi re H i s great grand fathe r who was state senator

three term s representative eight terms and selectman twenty years
.
, ,
, ,
bui lt this house “ 11 t has long been Judge Sanborn s summe r res i
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dence i n the year 1 794 and it and the farm upon w hich it stands have
, ,
descended to the eldest son o f the family since 1 7 52 when E l iphalet ,
Sanborn a soldier o f the French and I ndi an and o f the Revolutionary

,
war an d clerk o f the town in the memorable years 1 7 7 3 1 77 5 1 7 76 and , ,
1 777 and selectman in 1 77 2

, 1 77 3 and 1 7 7 4 settled upon it H onorable , ,
.
Henry F Sanborn the father o f the Judge was selectman o f hi s town

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si x years representative and a member o f the state senate i n 1 8 66 an d

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1 86 7 ,
when that body consisted o f but twelve members He ente re d .
Dartmouth College but failing health compelle d him to return to the ,

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farm and to the outdoor li fe H i s mother E unice D avi s Sanborn o f .

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Princeton Massachusetts was a grand—daughte r o f that Thomas Davi s

, ,
who served u nder Prescott at B u n k er H i l l took part in the battle at ~
White Plains was o n e of the victorious army which compelle d and w it

,
n e s s e d the surrender o f Burgoyne serve d through the war a n d was o n e ,

“
o f the soldiers p resent whom Webster addressed as Venerable .
,
at the layi ng o f the corner stone o f the B unker H ill monument i n

Walter H Sanborn spent hi s boyhood and his youth in manua l
.
labor o n the homestead farm except when he was attending school an d ,
college unti l he was twenty two years o f age He was fitted f o r c ollege
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in the common school s and academies o f hi s native county and entered ,
Dartmouth C ollege in 1 8 63 During h is fou r years i n colle ge he ta ught .
school five terms was elected by all the students o f the college i n 1 8 66
,
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one o f two participants i n the annual c ollege debate led hi s c l a s s f o r ,
the four years and was graduated in 1 86 7 w ith the highest honors as its
valedictorian He received from his college in due cours e the degree s
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o f A B and A M on June 1 9 1 893 Dartmouth College con fer red

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upon him the degree o f D octor o f L aws a n d in 1 9 1 0 he was electe d

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p resi dent o f the Association o f the Alumni .
From February 1 867 until February 1 8 70 he was p rincipal o f the , , , ,
high school in M il ford New Hampshi re and a l a w stu dent in the o ffi ce , ,

.
o f H on Bainbri dge W a d l e i gh a fterwards Unite d States senator

. In , .
February 1 8 70 he de clined a pro ff ered increase o f sal ary came to St

, ,
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Pa ul M innesota and i n February 1 8 7 1 was admitted to t h e bar by the

, , , ,
supreme court o f M inne sota On May I 1 8 7 1 he forme d a partner .

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ship w ith his uncle General John B Sanborn u n d e r t h e fi rm name o f

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John B and W H Sanborn and p ractice d w ith him fo r twenty—one

. . . ,
years unti l on March 1 7 1 892 he was commissioned Un ite d States

, , ,
ci rcuit j u dge He was one o f the attorneys in several thou sand law
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suits and leading counsel in many noted cases .

.
In politic s he i s a Republican I n 1 8 90 he was the chai rman o f the .
Republican county convention and fo r fi fteen years be fore he w as a p

poi nted a j udge he was active e ne rgetic and influential i n every pol iti ,
c a l contest I n 1 8 78 he was elected a member o f the c ity counci l In

. .
1 880 he remove d h i s place o f residence to St Anthony H ill and in 1 8 8 5 .
he was electe d to the c ity council from that ward which was the wealth ,
iest and most influential i n the city From that time until he ascended .
the bench he was r e elected and serve d in that position He was vice -
.
pre si dent o f the council an d the leading spi rit on the committees that
prepared recommended and passe d the ordinance under which the cable
,
and electric system o f street railways w a s substituted for the horse cars
When he entere d the c ity counci l there was n o t a foot o f pavement 0 1
cement si de walk on S t Anthony Hill but unde r hi s ene rget i c supe r .
,
vision that hill as far we st a s Dale street i ncluding Summit avenue

, , .
was pave d b O ti l e v a r d e d an d suppl ie d with cement si de walks He was

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treasurer o f the State Bar A ssociation f rom 1 88 5 to 1 892 and presi

dent o f the St Paul B ar A ssociation i n 1 890 an d 1 89 1
. .
I t has been sai d o f him that he has done more in recent years to
make S t Paul famous than any othe r man S ince he has been on the
. .
bench he has delivere d some o f the most important and influential

opinions eve r rende re d in thi s country opinions so broad and compre ,
h e n s i v e so replete with legal learning as to constitute i n real ity clear

, ,
vigorous and authoritative treati se s upon thei r respective subj ect s Con .
s p i c u o u s among these are h i s opi nion on the power o f rail road c o m
pan i c s to lease the surplus u se o f t h e i i rights o f way in the Omaha “
B ri dge case s 2 C C A 1 74 5 1 Fed 309 ; hi s definition o f p roximate

, . . .
, .
cau se and statement o f the rules for i ts d iscovery and the reasons f or
them i n Railway Company v E ll iott 55 Fed 949 5 C C A 3 47 ; his .
,
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, . . .
declarati on o f the e ff ect by estoppel of the u sual recitals i n municipal

bonds and rules fo r their construct i on i n National L i fe Insurance Com
pany v Huron 6 2 Fed 778 I 0 C C A 6 3 7 ; hi s treatise on the law o f
.
,
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, . . .
patents f or i nvention s i n hi s opinion i n the B rake Beam case 1 06 Fed -
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9 1 8 4 5 C C A 544 which has been cite d and followed by the courts

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i n many subsequent deci sion s and has become a leading authority upon
that subj ect hi s opi nions i n Unite d Stat es V Ra ilway Company 67
,
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Fed 948 an d i n Howe v Parker 1 90 Fe d 7 3 8 setting forth an d i llus

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,
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t r a t i n g the quasi j ud ici al powe r o f the land department and the rules
governing the avoi dance o f its patents and certifi cates and many others
that cannot be cited here H e has delivered more than e ight hundred .
op inions for the ci rcui t cou rt o f appeal s in number more and i n v o l ,
ume greate r than any ci rcuit j u dge S i nce the foundation o f the gove rn
ment opin ions that i n clearness o f statement strength o f reason and
, .
o f diction a re equalle d by few and that di sclose an i ntuitive sense o f

j ustice a p ro f ound and accurate knowledge o f the law and an amount
,
o f labor that have rarel y i f ever been excelled . , .
The great nati onal j udi cial i ssues du ring the last twenty years have
conce rned the supremacy and extent o f the provi sions o f the c o n s t i t u
tion o f the United States a n d the en forcement o f the federal anti trust -
act,
and upon the se questions Jud g e Sanborn s opi nion s have been pi o ’
nee r and formative I t was he who while a p racti cing lawye r ar gued
. . .
be fore the M innesota legi slature the unconstituti onal ity o f the bill for .
“ ”
the d re ssed bee f a c t and a fte r its enactment chall enged i t in t h e
United States c i rcuit court a n d in the supreme court o f the Unite d
States and sustai ned hi s positi on that it was vi olative o f the commerc ial
6 86 ST PAU L AN D V I CI N ITY
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dren a i e M rs G i ace ( Sanborn ) Hartin wi fe o f M i C G Hartin M i s

. . . .
,
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Marian ( Sanborn ) an Sant wi fe o f \ Ir G rant an Sant \ l r B ruce . .

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W Sanborn at t o r n e \ at law a n d M r Hen r y F Sanborn all o f S t

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,
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Paul .
Judge Sanborn i s a memb er o f the M i nnesota Club the Commerc ial ,
C lub and the M innesota H i storical S ociety .
A LLA N KEE N E P RUD E N Among the impo rtant enterpri se s which a re ’

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soli d resource s o f St Paul s commerce a n d industry the S t Paul Roofing

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Cornice Ornament Company and the Metal Shelter Company deserve

special consi deration Thei r founder and president M r Al lan K Pruden
.
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has been for forty years a progressive business m a n o f th i s c ity and it i s ,
due to hi s energy and abili ty that the present bu siness wa s developed f rom
small beginnings .
B orn i n Dayton Ohio N ovember 1 3 1 8 50 s o n o f Sylvester a n d Mary

, , , ,
A ( Kittre dge ) Pruden h e receive d hi s early e ducati on i n the publ ic

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school s and then in Antioch College o f Oh io Coming to S t Paul he . .

,
e stabl i she d at 2 0 E ast Th i rd street a business in stoves an d house furni sh

ing goods which he conducted during 1 8 74 7 6 From a small retail e stab
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l i s h m e n t he developed thi s to a large supply hou se From 1 88 1 to 1 90 1 h e .
was pre si dent and treasure r o f the Pruden Stove Company m an u f a c ,
tu rers agents and j obbers In 1 894 he organize d the S t Paul Roofing

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Cornice Ornament Company o f wh ich he i s p resident and treasurer , .
Thi s company has enj oyed seventeen years o f increasing p rosperity I t .
manu factures sheet metal a rch itectu ral work steel ceil ings metall ic , , ,
interio r fi ni sh fi r e p r o o fin g e t c He was the o riginator of rock faced

,
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metal si ding an d introduced to thi s v icinity metal building front s metal ,
w indow frames a n d sash metal —covered interiors and exteriors door , ,
f rames an d fir e p roo f a n d fi r e retard ing constructi on In 1 9 1 0 he i nvente d

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and patented the Pru den System o f Portable Fi re —Proo f Bui ldings and
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i n corporated the M etal Shelte r Company of which he i s pre si dent Thi s .
system was pr onounced the first strictly firep roof p ortable buil di ng eve r
dev i sed The bu siness O f fices are located at South Wabasha a n d W a ter
.
streets A large numbe r o f ski lled workmen are employed a n d the annual
. ,
volume o f business has been i ncreasing eve ry year .
M r Pruden se rved as presi dent o f the St Pa ti l Commerci al Club du r

. .
ing 1 899 and 1 900 and i s one o f its active members i n furthering the sub
,
s t a n t i a l i nterests o f the city H e i s a Scotti sh Rite Mason a n d Sh riner . .
H e was married i n S t Paul December 3 1 8 7 3 to M is s E mma Hare .

, , , ,
.
Thei r home i s at 604 A shland avenue They are the parents o f the fol .
lowing children : L eigh Paul B an d M rs Jesse Neal all resi ding i n St , . .

,
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Paul .
W I LL IA M L I ND EK E The commercial hi story o f St Paul has been . .
adorned by some notabl e figu res m e n with a high genius for busine ss w ith ,
the integrity which i s at the basi s o f al l permanent commerce and with a ,
di sintere stedne ss o f attitude a n d e f fort i n behal f o f civic wel fare that has
had large benefits One such characte r was the late W ill i am L i n d e k e
'
. .
whose death rem ove d an em inent bu siness man and splendid type o f
citi zen .
M r Li n d e k e ha d been a re si dent o f S t Paul since 1 8 57 Beginning

. . .
as a youth w ithout othe r m ean s than hi s native intell igence bu siness sen se ,
and in d ustr y he rose step by step to rank among the most success ful men
,
in the annal s o f St Paul Born near Be rl in G e r m an v October I ; 1 8 3 5

. .
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PAU L AN D V I CI N I T Y 6871
educated i n the com m on : school s an d working f o r hi s father un ti l h e Was

eighteen he then sought large r opportunitie s by c o ming to t he n e w ; wo r ld
, .
Arriving at Montreal 1 11 J u ne 1 8 54 a n d f rom t h e re com i ng to W i s c On s i n i , , ,
he spent two or three y ears i n di ff eren t employme nts an d i n the summe r .

,
o f 1 8 57 located at S t : : Paul M in nesota was then clo sing the territorial

. .
period o f its hi story and St Paul was a compar atively small town o n t h e
, .
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northwest f rontier With the rem arkabl e h istorical p rogr ess made in t h e
.
ci ty and state duri ng subsequent decades his own career kept pace , .
H is first work was i n the saw — mill of Pierre Ch o t ea i I Jr C omp any

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Colonel J S Pri nce being the manager A year later he was trans ferred
. . .
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to the same company s gri st mill a n d learne d al l the detail s o f m illing , ,
a bu siness i n which he him sel f w a s to gain large prominence H e next .
beca me m il l er for the Wi nslo w M ills o f Gibbons Marshall and Whe n ,

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M r M arshal l e rected the City M ill s o n Trout B rook near L a f ay et t e av e

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nue he was p romoted to head mille r o f thi s plant I n 1 863 he lease d th is

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mill f rom M r Marshall and the next year bo ught a site o n what was then
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calle d Territorial road now E ast Fourth street w here he erected hi s own
, ,
plant called the Union M ill Fo r the next three years he managed both
, .
mill s and sol d the p roduct almost entirely i n the city and then conti n ued
, ,
the Union M i ll for twenty years I n the meanti me he had acquired a f arge .
amount o f land along Trout B rook between Fourth and E ighth streets ,
an d w ith the growth o f the city this became completely surrounde d by

the railroads I n 1 8 86 he sol d part o f thi s property inclu ding the Union
.
,
ls to the Northern Paci fic Company re serv i ng the p rivilege o f r unning

, ,
the m ill until hi s new plant on E ast Seventh and B rook streets was com
p l et e d . The latte r m ill be had built against the adv ice o f hi s family ,
but his j udgment prove d sound The new mill was a model o f the kind .
and o n e o f the best i n the northwest and was managed by M r L i n d ek e s , .

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brothe r Frede rick So popular was the m ill s p roduct that every barrel
.
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o f it was sold within the city .
While M r L i n d e k e lai d the foundation o f hi s fortune i n m ill ing he

.
,
was also i nterested i n various othe r enterp ri ses H e establi shed i n 1 8 7 1 .

, ,
with hi s brother Albert H a retail dry goods store I n 1 8 78 he engaged .

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in the wholesale dry —goods and notion business under the firm name o f ,
L i n d e k e s Warne r S c h u r m e i e r which for years was one o f the strongest

, ,
firms i n the wholesale d istrict o f S t Paul The other members o f thi s fi rm . .
were Albert H L i n d e k e Reuben Warner and Theodore L S c h u r m e i e r

.
, . .
These able me rchants starte d the business on a modest scale and buil t it up
until i t was o n e o f the largest e stabl ishments o f the kin d west o f N ew
York and had an annual trade o f five mill io n dollars M r L i n d e k e was . .
also v ice pre si dent and a large stockhol der in the N ational German Ameri
‘
c a n B ank o f St Paul and hi s financial an d busi ness i nterests extende d

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into many lines .
As a citizen he gave his busi ness j udgment and i nfluence to the

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publ ic good when ever p ossible H i s publ ic se rvice included several term s . .
as county comm issioner member o f t h e b o a r d o f wate r works and in ,

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connection with various public instituti ons an d enterp ri se s He was a .
member o f the board o f di rectors o f the Chamber o f C ommerce .
M r L i n d e k e was united i n marriage to M i ss Rosa B r ab ek who with

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four chil dren survives him The chi ldren are Fr ank William Rosa and
, .
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E mma an d the family home i s at 7 7 Central avenue B oth during her hus
, .
band s li fe an d S ince M rs L i n d ek e has taken a very energetic part i n carry

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ing out thei r i deals o f practical philanth ropy This gene rosity mani fested .
“ ”
i tsel f i n many unremembered acts o f love rather than in the flouris h o f
68 8 S T PAUL AN D VI CI N I TY
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public donations but i t has continue d a constant and liberal stream for
,
many years helping and blessing m any hundred s o f the un fortunate

,
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B oth i n hi s family and to the publ ic the late M r L i n d e k e wa s a bene factor .

,
an d a s a success ful busi ness bu il der was actuated by motives o f large

accompl i shment and publ ic se rvice rathe r than a sel fish aggrandi zement .
H e and hi s wi fe have been prominent members o f the St J ohn s German .

’
E vangeli cal Luthe ran church and thei r names are associated w ith many ,
movements and organi zations unde rtaken in the name o f social good and
religious p rogress .
W I LL I A M L A M E5 The death o f Will iam Leonard Ames o n S eptem

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be r 2 9 1 9 1 0 remove d f rom the c itizenship o f St Paul a r e si dent who had

, , .
spent si xty years i n the city and whose l i fe activitie s possesse d the valu
able quality o f public serv ice m ingled w ith p rivate prosperity H e was a .
citi zen o f high success an d integrity and hi s sudden death shocked the ,
a ff ections an d regard in c i rcles o f acquaintance much w ide r than hi s own

family an d personal f riends .
The Ames family contribute d invaluable pioneer service to M i nnesota .
It was William L Ame s S r who e stabl i shed the fam ily he re at the earl \
.
, .
,
year o f 1 8 50 a n d during the following twenty years w hile h is son \V i l l i am

, ,
was growing to manhood he pe r forme d an imp ortant part in the improve

,
ment an d p rogress o f thi s region through hi s work as a farmer and stock

rai se r H e took up land i n the vicinity o f St Paul and was ope rator o f
. .
several farms and w as al so qu ite extensively engage d i n the lumber

,
indu stry H i s large and succe ss ful farm including the p resent H azel
.
,
Park site near St Paul was a practical adve rti sement for M innesota as
.
,
an agri cultu ral regi on and i n the early days was o f great value in th is
respect I t i s sai d that the senior M r Ames introduced the fi rst S hort
. .
horn cattle into thi s state H e was a charte r member o f the Territorial .
A gricultu ral Soc iety and a fter i t became a state organization he served as
,
its p re si dent a n d in other o ffic ial relations H e was al so intereste d i n the .
St Paul
. Pacific Rail road a n d was di rector o f an insurance company , ,
and very active i n many important a ff ai rs H i s wi fe was Amelia H al l .

,
a n d p revious to thei r settlement at St Paul thei r home had been i n .
the state o f N ew Jersey .
A t thei r home i n Frankli n Furnace New Je rsey January 1 0 1 846 , , , ,
was born \V i l l i a m L Ames J r who was four years ol d when the fam ily
.
,
.
,
l ocated i n M innesota H i s p rimary education was O btaine d i n the publ ic

.
school s o f St Paul an d i n 1 8 59 he was appoi nted a cadet to the Uni ted

.
,
State s N aval Academy at Annapol i s whe re he remai ned three yea rs ,

.
Among hi s classmates was Admiral Robley D E vans He returned to . .
St Paul i n 1 8 6 2 i n time to participate w ith a company o f St Paul

.
,
.
volunteers in the campaign against the S ioux I ndians He spent some .
years i n association w ith hi s father an d then i n 1 8 70 engaged in the

'
l ive —stock bu siness i n W yom ing Colorado a n d Texas H i s fathe r died

'
.
,
on February 8 1 8 7 3 and the s o n then returned a n d took the active

, ,
management o f the noted Ames farm To older residents thi s spl endid .
improve d estate o f twelve hundred ac res was a familiar feature o f the

St Paul suburbs 011 the east si de and i t i s now i denti fie d as the sites
. .
o f Hazel Park and Hazel H eights M r Ames continue d to conduct . .
the farm for a number o f years and maintai ned its operation 011 the same
high scale as hi s fathe r H e e rected hi s beauti ful home since i dentified
.
,
a s 1 667 Still wate r avenue whe re h e lived with hi s family unti l h i s death
,
.
I n platting the beauti ful subu rban community O f Hazel Park M r ,

.
.
ma j ority he began to w ork i n the lumber bu siness for M inneapoli s fi rms ,
and fol lowed thi s occupation for about twenty y ea i s Du ring thi s time
he saved hi s wages ca re ful ly hi s early t rain i n g hav ing been along the ,
l ines o f f rugality industry and economy a n d i n 1 902 i nveste d part o f

, ,
hi s savings i n a residence located at N o 1 309 Summer street M i n n e a .

,
poli s which he now rents I n 1 906 he bought a resi dence at N o 8 46

, . .
York street St Paul a n d late r pu rchase d the hou ses at N os 8 59 F r e

,
.
, .
mont street a n d 1 1 3 6 Ross street a n d i n 1 9 1 1 he became the owner o f ,
the home at N o 1 090 E ast M innehaha street all o f which he rents In .

, .
addition to the above M rs M oore has purchased out o f he r earnings a .
home at N o 8 53 Conway street whi ch i s occupi e d by a tenant

.
, .
I n 1 902 M r M oo re came to S t Paul an d for about three years had

. .
charge o f the horses for Pratt s E xp ress Company and on Decembe r ’
27 ,
1 90 5 was appointed superintendent o f the Ramsey County Alms
,
House a position which he has since continue d to hold Th is app oi nt

, .
ment M r M oo re secure d strictly on hi s own merits and it cannot be

.
charged that political obligations stood behi nd it as i n public matte rs ,
he takes a n absolutely independent stand hi s al legiance being give n to ,
the candi date a n d not to the party he represents Unde r hi s manage .
ment there have been some wonder ful improvements made i n the county
prope rty all o f which have w o n the unanimous app roval o f the Board
,
o f Control E verything about the place i s absolutely i n the finest pos

.
sible c ondition and the bui ldings are model s o f neatness a n d orde r
,
.
I n the large well —l ighted wel l — ventilated hygieni c barns are kept ove r
, , ,
f orty head o f Hol stein cattle which furnish milk not only fo r the i n ,
s t i tu t i o n but for the c ity hospital as w ell

,
The pig sty a n d mino r .
bu ildings rece ive the same ca re and attention that are given to the
others a n d M r M oore has reduced the management o f thi s trust to a
.
science E verything that c a n be done for the com fo rt o f the un fortunates

.
unde r hi s care i s care fully attende d to an d he has a n abl e assi stant i n ,
M rs M oore w h o not only attends to the gene ral overseeing o f the place
.
, ,
but makes i t a part o f her regular w ork to do the sewing and darning .
and to l ook a fte r the sick a n d feebl e in a mothe rly way that has won
for he r the a ff ection o f all the inmates o f the home .
On June 6 1 88 6 M r M oore was married to M i ss Sa rah L ynch who

, , .
,
died i n M i nneapol i s i n 1 896 leaving two chil dren : Cel ia who married , ,
Carl S chramm o f I 508 N icolet avenue M inneapol i s ; a n d Sarah who

, , ,
married Fred M axwel l l iving at 1 2 H ighland avenue M inneapol is and , , ,
has two chi ld ren O n December 2 7 1 90 5 M r Moore was ma rri ed .

, , .
( second ) i n Centervi lle township Anoka county M innesota to M iss , , ,
Annie Jane Hughe s who wa s born i n E ngland daughte r o f John and , ,
Ann ( James ) Hughes and was si x years o f age when she accompanied ,
her pa rents to thi s country M r M oore belongs to N orth Star L odge . .

,
N o 40 I O O F at M inneapol is
.
,
. . . .
, .
P AU L E B ARRI N G E R D r B a r r i n ge r s l i fe i s a proo f that valuable

’
. . .
as adversity may be as a di scipline an d a spur to devel opment i t i s by ,
11 0 mean s nece ssary to success and high achievement that one experience
it The only ch ild o f wel l —to do parents Paul B a r r i n ge r s caree r has

.
-
,
’
been w ithout the hardshi ps wh ich poverty entails upon the le ss f o r t u

nate But as com fort did not i n any sense repre sent the end o f exi st
.
ence to him the possession o f i t di d not incl ine him to feel that there
,
was nothing i n particula r to work fo r Rathe r possessing the a d v a n .

,
tages which hi s parents industry had made possible fo r him to enj o y ’

6 92 ST PAU L AND V I C I N I TY
.
’
J ohn Roberts earli est school days were spent at a district school -
known by the suggestive name o f Po ssum Hollow At the age o f ten .
he exchanged rural scenes fo r the busy atmosphe re and industrial i n t e i e s t

o f I rondale Oh io to which place hi s parents removed i n 1 8 70 At the
, , .
age o f S ixteen he made h i s fi rst venture i nto the world going to Ports ,
mouth Ohi o whe re he was employed i n the steel m ill s I n 1 8 7 8 he

, , .
accepted a position i n a hospital f or the i nsane at Columbus Ohio He , .
le ft thi s situation to take charge o f the machinery o f the B urgess Steel

and I ron Works i n Portsmouth I n the spr i ng o f 1 87 9 he re signed the .
latter positi on to install the machinery i n the Cra ft and Bol ing Steel M ill
at B eave r Fall s Pennsylvania I n the same plant he had c harge o f a
, .
steam hammer an d also acted as mi llw right Du ring the same year he .
a ccept ed a positi on with the Macgregor M ach ine Company o f Chicago ,
which he continued to hol d until hi s removal to St Paul o n the fourth o f .

,
January 1 88 2 , .
M r Roberts w as at that time still a young m a n hi s enterpri se and

.
,
activity having been such as to bri ng him a variety o f experi ence i n hi s

line that were a fterward o f much value to h im H e became a permanent .
resi dent o f St Paul where the maj or part o f h i s li fe has been spent
.
, ,
whe re h i s family li fe has been lived where hi s w idest ci rcle o f f riends ,
ha s been made an d whe re hi s greatest use ful ness has been accompl i shed .
He was for a n u mber o f years the e f fici ent a n d highly respecte d foreman
o f the firm o f Rogers an d D avi s 1 8 2 E ast Fi fth street I n that capacity , .
he continued for several years changing it only to become a member o f

the fi rm when i n 1 88 7 D av i s had severed hi s connection with the
,
organization The partnership between M r Roberts and the remai ning

.
.
.
forme r member lasted until 1 8 94 when the enti re plant passed i nto the
hands o f the subj ect o f thi s biography Fo r eleven years the firm was .
known as the Robe rts —Goss Company a fter w hi ch i n the year 1 905 , ,
Roberts sold out to hi s partne r S ince that time he has been engaged .
in the occupation o f consulting enginee r 011 systems o f steam and hot

wate r heating Thi s work he has continue d unti l the p resent time
. .
M rs Roberts nee Jenn ie Roberts was a native o f Wi sconsin an d a

.
,
daughter o f Robert and E linor ( Thomas ) Roberts Since the marriage .
o f M r an d M rs Roberts on October 8 1 88 5 four ch ildren have been

. .
, , ,
born to them th ree daughters E l izabeth R E dith M and Margaret E

, ,
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,
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,
an d a son Robert E , .
M r Roberts has various social .and business a ffiliations to supple

.
ment hi s vocational a n d home interests H e i s a membe r o f the Masonic .
order an d o f that o f the Knights of Pythias H e i s vice president o f the .
Buil ders E xchange and hol ds the o f fices o f both v ice p resi dent a n d
’
treasu rer o f the M etal Screen Cottage Company He i s a membe r o f .
the N ational Association o f Stationary E ngineers Among hi s acquaint .
anecs hi s name i s synonymous w ith thoroughness an d consi stenc y .
RE V E R E ND C H A R L E S G ORD ON A M E S D D As a cle rgyman p rominent ,

. .
in w est an d east as an edi tor i nfluential i n state j ournali sm as an author

, ,
o f deep and del icate appeal as a ph ilanth rop i st an d f rien d o f rare qual ity
, ,
D r Charle s Gordon Ame s has been so w i dely known as to be consi dered

.
a national fi gu re Although a comparatively brie f portion o f hi s long and

.
eminently notable caree r o f eighty four years w as spent i n M i nnesota -

.
the imp ress le ft by him on the plasti c young community i n i ts formative

yea rs together with the more recent and now current di stingu i shed
,
service to the city i n many capacities o f hi s s o n Charles W Ames o f St ,

. .
.
693
Paul has earne d a more elaborate tribute in the se volumes than we have
,
data to p resent .
D r Ames was born i n D orchester M assachusetts October 3 1 8 2 8

.
, , ,
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He was ed ucate d in the public school s o f New Hampshire and later a t

'
Geauga Seminary i n Ohi o At the age o f f ourteen he became a printer s .

’
“ ” ”
devil in the Mo rning Star offi ce at D over New Hampshire where he
“
, ,
learned the pri nter s trade . He was ordaine d a mini ste r o f the Free
’
B apti st church i n 1 849 and ten years later he passed into the Unitarian ,
denominational fold H is degree o f Doctor o f D ivi nity w as con ferred

.
upon him by Bates Col lege i n 1 896 To these conventional date s we add .
those o f hi s fi r s t marriage M arch 2 8 1 8 50 to Sarah J Daniel s and

-
, , ,
.
, ,
a fter her death o f hi s secon d marriage June 2 5 1 86 3 to Fanny Baker

, , , , ,
o f Cincinnati ; and that o f the event wh ich closed his earthly exi stence
Ap ril 1 5 1 91 2 Such a seri es o f fi gu res in most cases sum s up the
, .
important detail s o f a man s li fe O f D r Ames they tell comparatively ’

. .
l ittle and o f hi s labors they i ndicate almost noth ing N o r c an an ex

,
.
tended article do more than to attempt a ch ronologically tabulated inte r

p r e t a t i o n o f thi s exceptiona l l i fe .
D r Ames came to Minnesota as a mi ssi onary o f the Bapti st chu rch

.
,
in June 1 8 5 1 He built a church i n M inneapoli s and became its pastor

, . .
I n 1 8 54 he establ ishe d at St Anthony now M inneapolis E ast a weekly .

, ,
newspape r called the M innesota R epu bli can and f or three years was its ,
aggressive i nfluential editor H e was a vigorou s anti slavery w rite r

,
.
-
and di d much toward bringing the people o f M innesota to a realization

“
o f the iniquities o f the slave system I n hi s H istory o f M innesota .
” “
Jou rnali sm M r D S B Johnston says o f E ditor Ames :
, . . He was a
. .
bri lliant speaker an abl e editor and a thoroughly conscientious man

,
.
H i s i dentification w ith M innesota j ournal ism was so prominent that in

the chronicles o f the Territorial era he rank s w ell up w ith Goodhue Cr o f ,
”
fut Foste r Wheelock a n d the other leadi ng w riters o f the day
, ,
I n later .
years on the occasion o f D r Ames visit to M innesota he was a welcome

,
.
’
gu est at a meeti ng of the State E dito rial Association H i s e ditorial .
work l ed him tempora rily into the political fiel d I n 1 8 57 9 i t devolved .

-
upon him to serve as register o f deeds o f Hennepi n county and he per

formed the duties of that offi ce conscientiously and acceptably .
B ut the l i fe work o f thi s variously talented man was that in w hich

the relate d labors o f clergy man lectu rer and author were blended He , .
hel d Unitarian pastorate s succe ssi vely i n Bloomi ngt on I ll ino i s i n Cincin , ,
nati Ohio in Albany New York i n Santa Cruz and San Jose Cali fornia
, , , , , ,
in Germantown i n Phil adelphia and in B oston In the last name d city

, .
,
on January I 1 889 he succeeded the late D r J am e s F r eem an Clarke as

, , .
pastor o f the Chu rch o f the D i sc iples H is stimulati ng messages o f .
spiritual and ethical purpose reached the public al so through hi s lectu res ,
for which hi s engagements were extensive H e was able to combine .
with othe r multi farious dutie s a second editorial responsibility w hen in ,
1 8 77 he became the editor o f the Chri stian R e g i s te r o f Boston filling that ,
chai r f or three years He was a versatile though not a copious writer hi s.

,
l iterary p roductions comp ri si ng poetic c ritical and ethically philosophical ,
material the latter being o ften o f an almost i ntimately concrete nature to

,
h i s readers H is publ icati ons include George E li oty5 Two M arriages

.
” “
,
”
whi ch appe ared i n 1 88 6 ; As N atural as Li fe 1 894 ; Sermons o f S u n “
,
”
ri se 1 90 1 ; Poems 1 898 ; and L iving Largely 1 904
,
“
,
“
, .
“
A volume o f Prayers publ ished i n 1 908 i s perhaps the most char , ,
a c t e r i s t i c p roduct o f D r Ames matured spi ritual li fe But the most ’

. .
694 ST . P AU L AN D V I C IN I TY
important o f D r Ame s literary remai ns the one \ \ O i k o f h i s pen

’
which will longest su rvive and “ hich will exe rci se the broadest and
.
most pe rmanent influence is a single sentence— a form o f chu rch cove

,
n ant ,
an d a i n a s te i p i e c e o f conci se a n d comp rehensive formulation .
[ 1 1 t h e 101 e o f Ti n t /1 a n d t h e s pi r i t o f J es us C h r i s t w e u n i t e f o r th e w o r
s h i p o f G o d an d t h e s e i zur e o f Ma n Thi s has al ready been adopted by
.
more than a hund red c hurche s ( mostly Unitarian ) ; an d as has been sa id ,
it m ight well become the basi s o f nonsectarian fellowsh ip an d un ion o f

al l Ch ri stians o f any theological belie f .
D r Ames was a m a n o f such largeness o f l i fe such breadth o f use ful

.
,
activit y such w ealth o f service and expe rience as mi ssi onar y preache r
, , ,
lectu rer a n d author a n d above all so gi fte d with human s y i n pa t h y a s

to have won the title o f h u m a n i t a i i a n A n d though M assachusetts at .
tended hi s bi rth a n d witnessed h i s death M i nnesota eagerly ente rs the ,
claim o f having been the scene o f hi s early endeavors i n wh ich hi s char ,
a cte r was shaped a n d the foundation lai d upon wh ich was raised the
superstructure o f a remarkable caree r i n which he touched thou sands o f

human l ives to help a n d upl i ft them .
Such a man must needs be intere sted i n publ ic a s well a s personal

a f fai rs a n d it i s true that n o cau se which seeme d to hi m righteous
. .
whether a l ocal o r nati onal or w orl d movement appeale d i n vain f o r hi s ,
countenance H e had been an abol ition ist he had been o n e o f those who
.
:
upheld the hands o f L incoln i n the dark days o f the Civil war He pro .
moted the cau se o f Booke r W ashi ngton He deprecate d Cleveland s

' ’
V enezuela message because he loved peace w ith honor He was less than .
enthu siastic about the Spani sh wa r ; and he coul d neve r be persuaded that
w e had a n y business i n the Phil ippines H e had a pro found concern
fo r the publ ic school s an intense i nte rest dating back to the days when
,
the school comm ittee consi sted o f a room ful o f peopl e and could n o t ,
al ways be redeemed to u se fulness even by the w i se unsel fish e f forts o f ,
D r Ame s supported by M rs Ames a n d a few others

.
,
.
( Something O f .
the value O f D r Ame s sympathy to e ducators who came in contact w ith

.
’
h im i s i nd icated i n the fact recently developed that m ore than sixty ,
teache rs attende d the Chu rch o f the D i sc iples ) The se rvice s he r e n .
de red the Boston N ew V oters L eague were supplemented i n numerous

’
instances by good d eeds to i ndividual s whose un familiarity wi th ou r

language a n d custom s made l i fe i n a strange countr y a severe e xperience .
Al ways at hi s pastoral receptions f re quently at hi s home one might

, ,
find representatives o f hal f a dozen national ities who w e re being gentl y

gui ded into knowledge o f American l i fe An d i n hi s denominati onal .
a f fai rs as well as h i s relati ons to the church universal ever y ac t revealed

. ,
the breadth o f the man .
Duri ng h i s last days wh ile i n the city which had been the scene o f
,
h i s final responsibil itie s— wh ich to him had eve r been privileges — h e was
peace fully sl eeping away the C l osing hours o f h i s l i fe W alter L eon
'
Sawye r wrote fo r the B oston Tr a ns cr i pt a sketch w h ich is marked with

s y mpathetic unde rstanding o f the character o f D octor Ames H e begi ns .
“
by qu oting w hat he regards the choice st tribute eve r pai d the good .
great m a n who h a s so l ong engaged ou i s y mpatheti c thought o ne

’
-
w hich had been o f fe red by the c l e r g vm a n s son C W Ame s o f thi s cit y . . .
011 the occasion o f the celebrati on o f D r Ame s seventieth b i rthday To

’
. .
the membe rs o f the Chu rch o f the D i sciples and other friends not o f that
fold w h o had un ited to commemorate the day o f hi s father s bi rth M r , .
“
Ame s had ma d e the el oquentl y signi ficant statement He has a gi ft fo r ,
6 96 ST PAU L AN D V I C I N I TY
.
appoi nting him a regent o f the State University Among other high .
’
offices for wh ich M r L iggett s talents fitted him was the chai rmanship .
o f the M innesota School o f Agriculture the S tate Board o f Agricul ture ,
a n d the B oard o f Farmers I nstitute He was also a membe r o f the e x ec u

“
tive committee o f the National Cattle Growers Association I n 1 890 ’

.
occu rred hi s election to the secretaryship o f the State Agricultu ral

S ociety The wi de —sp rea d success o f the Fai r o f 1 8 90 was due to the
.
f oresight energy and splen did executive ability disp layed i n M r Liggett s
,
.
’
management But the l i st o f achievements i s by no means complete

.
,
fo r even more honors were heaped upon him By Governo r M erriam he .
was place d upon the railroad commi ssion o f the state later serving as ,
chai rman He was a member o f the executive committee o f the N ational

.
Society o f Agricul tural College P re si dents fo r three years and a fter

wards i n 1 8 92 was made p resi dent o f thi s society p resi ding at the annual
, , ,
meeting that year whic h wa s hel d at Atl anta Georgia I n 1 8 93 he wa s

, , .
requested by the Board o f Regents to take the superv ision o f the State
School o f Agri culture a n d i n connection w ith thi s o f fice M r Liggett , .
devoted all hi s spare time to experiments i n farming H i s zeal his wi de .

,
knowledge a n d excellent administration le d to hi s appointment as dean

o f the A gricultural School Later he became di rector o f the E xperiment .
Stati on to which o f fice he w as electe d by the B oard o f Regents October

, ,
1 4, 1 8 95 .
I n additi on to h is service i n e ducational fiel ds M r L iggett was a , .
strong a n d i nfluential attendant o f the P resbyterian church to which he ,
made l iberal contributions o f both time a n d money The Rawli ns Post .
o f the Grand Arm y o f the Republ ic at M inneapol i s numbere d h im among

its members .
O n July 3 1 8 7 6 was recorded the marriage o f M r L iggett a n d M i ss

, , .
M athi lda R B rown the daughte r o f Thomas a n d M ary ( Root ) B rown

.
,
.
M rs L iggett comes f rom the emi nent fami ly o f which M r E l ihu Root i s
. .
a member The B rown fam ily has always playe d a prominent part i n the
.
civic a n d social l i fe o f Marysville Ohio an d is o n e o f the oldest famil ies , ,
i n that city Four chil dren have blessed the union o f this di stingui shed
.
couple : M adeline the w i fe o f Fre d L C larke ; Robert B rown marri ed to

,
.
,
M i ss Adele M c Cl a r o n o f Duluth ; Walte r W married to M i ss N orma

1
,
.
,
A sk o f Alaska a n d resi ding i n Tacoma Wash ington ; and Gladys the

, , , ,
youngest who remains at h ome

,
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M r L iggett passe d away o n the 2 9t h o f August 1 909 H i s career

.
,
.
e xempl ifies the success and honor accruing to those who altrui stically
put forth thei r best e f fort whateve r power they may have and all thei r ,
strength a n d intelligence in behal f not o n l v o f thei r city state an d nation , ,
but o f the i r fellowmen .
L U C IUS F R E D E RI C K H UBB A R D Among those m en who have so c re d .
i t a b l y acqu itted themselves in the h igh o f fice o f governor o f thei r state

n on e stan d higher i n personal character political integrity and in p a ,
t r i o t i c devotion to the nati on i n any cri si s than does L ucius Frede rick
Hubbard For many years he occupi ed the position o f a leader in the
.
Republican party in M i nnesota and hi s labors fo r commonwealth and ,
nati on have been the tangible evidence o f hi s high sense o f duty an d

o f h is abi ding love o f the country I n the many important positions he .
has filled as i n the general assembly o f the state as ch ie f executive o f

, ,
M inne sota a n d i n legi slative council s o f the nation h is position has been ,
.
time a fter he wa s mustered out at M obile on S eptember 6 1 86 5 be fore , , ,
he was su fficiently recovered to resume hi s former bu sine ss at Red

Wing M i nnesota
, .
Gene ral Hubbard di scontinued hi s connection with the ne wspaper

he had conducted for some years previous to the war and w hen he ,
again took up act i ve business i n 1 8 66 he became identifie d wi th the grai n

and milli ng industry and he ultimately develope d a trade o f extensive
,
proportions H e furthe r gave hi s attention to railroa d matte rs and in

.
,
1 8 6 6 completed the road known as the M idlan d Rail road ru nning from ,
Wabash to Z umbrota thi s li ne being late r purchased by the Chicago

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, ,
M ilwaukee 81 S t Paul Railroad C ompany General Hubbar d late r p ro

. .
moted the line o f the M innesota Central f rom Red Wing to M ankato ,
an d in more recent years built the Duluth Red Wing and Southern Rail ,
road w hich continue d under hi s m anagement unti l 1 90 2

, .
Apart from hi s p rivate interests which have been o f consi derable

,
importance General H ubbard has been for years a foremost fi g u re i n

,
M innesota pol itics and hi s o f ficial record has become a matter o f h is

,
tory . H i s fi rst position o f importance was that o f state senator to ,
w h ich o f fice h e was elected i n 1 8 7 2 r e el ected i n 1 8 74 and in 1 8 7 6 he

,
-
re fused the nomination fo r a thi rd term I n 1 88 1 he was chosen stand .
ard bearer for h i s party i n the state election and was electe d governor ,
by a maj ority o f alm ost twenty eight thousand votes the largest vote ,
ever received by any candi date up to that time and a r e — e lection con ,
t i n u e d him i n the o f fice for fiv e years Many an d important to the

.
state o f M innesota were the measu re s adopte d during hi s administration .
Among the most imp ortant secure d as a result o f hi s r e c o m m e n d a

,
ti on were : The presen t rai lway and warehouse commi ssion ; the sys
,
t e m o f grain i nspection by the state now i n force ; the state sanitary o r

ga n i z a t i o n for protection o f public health ; the state board o f charities
and corrections ; the establi shment o f the state publ ic school at O w a t
onna ; the o rganization o f the state national guard ; a n d the change from
annual to b i e n n i a l election s while the financial a ff ai rs o f the state we re
-
.
never conducted more conse rvatively or with greate r benefit to the pub
l i c than during h i s term o f o fli c e .
A si de from hi s labors as a publ ic offi cial Gene ral Hubbard has give n ,
w orthy service to the state i n h i s capacity a s a p rivate citi zen I n 1 866 .
h e was app oi nted by Governor Ma rshal l to i nvestigate the matter o f

s tate railroad bon ds and in 1 8 74 he was named a member o f the c o m
,
mi ssion appointed by the legi slatu re to i nve stigate the accounts o f the
state au dito r a n d state treasu rer H e se rve d 0 11 the arbitration com
.
m i ssion appoi nted b y the state legi slature in 1 8 79 to ad j ust di ff erence s

between the state p ri son contractors and 0 11 a simi larly appointed c o m
mi ssion i n 1 8 89 to compile a n d publi sh a hi sto ry o f M innesota mil itary
organization i n the C ivil and I ndian w a i s Between the y ears o f 1 8 96 .
and 1 900 he wa s a member fo r M innesota o f the Republican national

comm ittee a n d he once m 0 1 e entered mil itary li fe when on June
, ,
he rece ived the appointment f rom Presi dent M c K i n l ey a s brigadier gen -
e ral and he serve d th roughout the S pani sh —American war i n command o f

the Thi rd D ivi si on S eventh A rmy Corps
,
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General Hubbard maintai n s memberships i n a numbe r o f frate rnal

and othe r o rgani zations among them being Acker Post G A R o f St
. ,
. . .
Paul ; the M i nne sota Commandery o f the L oyal L egion ; M innesota S o

c i e ty o f the American Revolution ; Societ y o f the Army o f the Tennes
see ; the M il itar y Orde r o f Foreign \Vars : the Society o f American
ST PAU L A N D VI C I N I TY
. 699
Wars ; and he i s a M ason o f the Knight Templar degree Fi fty years of .
resi dence i n the state o f M innesota has made him a typ ical citizen o f
the northwest and he has been one o f the foremost a nd most impor
,
tant leaders in the march o f progress in matters o f pol itical education ,
and business interest .
On M ay I 7 1 868 General Hubbard was united i n marriage with , ,
M i ss Amelia Thomas a daughte r o f Charles and Amelia Thomas and ,
a lineal descendant o f Si r J ohn M oore Three chi ldren have been born .
to them : Charles F born in 1 869 ; Lucius V born i n 1 8 7 3 ; and Julia .

,
M now the wi fe o f Charles H M c G ee

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,
The family resi dence was . .
maintained i n Red Wing unti l 1 90 1 a fter which they spent some years ,
i n S t Paul during the he ight o f General Hubbard s political career

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,
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but i n recent years the home o f the family i s i n M i nneapol is .
H E N RY G N ORTO N M D I n no pro fession is there more constant

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,
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p rogress than in that o f medicine and surgery thousands o f the finest ,
m inds the world has p roduced mak ing it the i r one aim and ambi tion to
di scove r more e f fectual method for the alleviation o f su ff ering some ,
more potent weapon for the conflict w ith di sease some clever device for ,
repai ring the damaged human organism E ver and anon the w orld hears .
with m ingled wonder an d thanksgiving o f a new conque st o f di sease and

disaster which a few years ago woul d have been place d w ithin the fiel d
o f the impossible To keep i n touch w ith these di scoveries means con .
stant alertness and while there may be in many quarters great i ndolence
,
in keeping pace w ith modern thought the highest type o f physi cian
beli eves i t no less than a crime not to be master o f the latest devices o f
science To this type belongs D r Henry G N orton hi s constant thought
. . .
,
and endeavor being devoted to the p ro fession o f which he i s so admirable

an exponent D r No rton i s one o f the city s leading Republ ican s and i s a
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prom inent popula r a n d use ful citizen ,

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The bi rthplace o f D r Norton was Cooper M ichigan and his birth .

, ,
date August I 7 1 8 7 6 H is parents we re Austin and E unice M ( Seeley )

, . .
N orton The el der gentleman was born in Cooper M ichigan a n d he

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, ,
was summoned to the Great Beyond i n 1 88 3 when the sub j ect was a lad ,
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He was a p r omi nent farmer an d stock —rai se r The mother was born in .
th e Wolverine state a n d the worthy lady i s now a resi dent o f M inneapoli s ,
M innesota They became the parents o f the following si x chil dren :

.
A lbert E now o f M inneapol i s ; I saac S o f Ill inoi s ; M rs C P Hulbert

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,
.
, . . .
,
o f North Dakota ; Frank E and Wil li s I both o f M inneapoli s ; and . .

,
D r Norton o f this bi ographi cal record

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, .
D r Norton rece ive d his prel iminary education at Marshall Lyon

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,
county M ichigan and he subsequently entered the M ichigan State

, ,
University at Ann Arbor at which celebrated institution he pursued hi s ,
medical studies being graduate d f rom the me dical department i n 1 900

,
.
He shortly a fterward came to St Paul and entered St L uke s Hosp ital

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as an i nterne and for one year served on the medical sta ff o f that hos
,
pital i n order better to equip himsel f fo r the general p ractice which he

,
had i n view At the end o f that time he opened an o f fice at 920 Rice
.
street and from a small beginning he has now come to have a l arge and
,
lucrative practice H e i s in fact regarded as one o f the ri sing young .

, ,
doctors o f St Paul . .
D r N orton has run for o f fice o n th ree occasi ons and hi s defeat on all
.
o f these was by a very small margin These candidacies were once for .
al derman and twice fo r the l egi slature In h i s political a f filiation he gives .

.
han d and hea rt to the pol icie s and principle s o f the Republican party .
I t i s by no means improbabl e that the future holds a succe ss ful p oli tical
caree r for him .
D r Norton has a numbe r o f pleasant a ffiliations having membership

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,
i n the Woodmen o f the wo rl d the M odern Woo dmen o f America and ,
the Maccabee s all i n St Paul He i s also connected w ith the N orth

,
. .
Central Commerc ial Club and the State and Ram sey County M edical
Associations .
On December 1 6 1 906 D r N or ton was united in marri age at S t

, ,
. .
Paul to M i ss L oui se H o f fman daughte r o f M r and M rs H Ho f fman o f , . . .

,
th is city To thi s happy union has been born one son Dale the date
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, ,
o f hi s nativi ty being September 2 9 1 908 L ik e most m e n who are essen ,

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t i a l l y worth while he has domesti c tastes a n d i s extremely fond o f home

,
surround ings a n d o f hospi tably sharing hi s househol d w ith hi s friends ,
o f whom he po ssesses a remarkably large numbe r .
J O11 NH P RI E B E who owns an d occup ie s a farm home near L ake

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,
E lmo M innesota belongs to that element wh ich has we dge d itsel f i nto
, ,
the make u p o f the Ame rican populati on and which w hereve r found
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c an be relie d upon a s a factor o f substantial w orth namely the Germans , , ,
M r Priebe was born o n a farm near Gramens p rovince o f Pomerania

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, ,
P russia Ge rmany July 4 1 846 son o f Karl Anton a n d L ou isa ( Boese )

, , , ,
Priebe a n d sixth i n a family o f seven chi ldren When he was eleve n

, .
years o f age hi s father die d By hard work and goo d management his .
mothe r kept the chi ldre n together an d gave them the best educational
advantage s the common school s o f thei r local ity a ff orded John H went . .
to school unti l he w as fou rteen When he was eighteen i n company w ith .

,
hi s m other a n d one brothe r a n d o n e sister he came to America That ,

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was in 1 864 They were seven weeks in maki ng the j ou rney and thei r
.
landing was at Castle Garden f rom whence the y immediately di rected ,
thei r cou rse to C leveland Ohio whe re one o f hi s brothers was al ready , ,
locate d thi s b rothe r and two si ste rs having p receded the rest o f the
,
family to America by two years H ere the subj ect o f ou r sketch began .
work as a hod carrier Soon a fterward he took the t r o w e l i n hand and .

,
he spread m ortar i n Cleveland unti l 1 8 70 He continue d work as a br i ck .
mason unti l 1 8 77 I n the m eantime in 1 8 75 he came to M inne sota a n d

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, ,
bought forty acre s o f land where he now lives i n section 3 6 White B ear , ,
Townsh ip This land was then all covere d w ith brush H e went to work
. .
that fall grubbing an d the next spring he brok e some ground and put
,
i n a crop I n 1 8 7 7 he buil t a hou se and move d here and here he has

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,
si nce lived an d prospered having si nce pu rchase d seventy fiv e acre s ,

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ad j oining his place lying j ust ac ross the l ine i n section 3 1 Washington
, ,
county .
On July 1 6 1 86 7 in Cleveland Ohio M r Priebe took t o himsel f a

, , , , .
wi fe M i ss W i l hi m i n a Schumacher a native o f the same province i n

, ,
which he was born M rs Priebe died April 2 3 1 90 2 a n d was buried .

,
in L ake View cemetery North St Paul Sons and daughters to the num . . .
be r o f seven came to bless thei r home as follow s John E E mma A ,

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George g F Be rtha M Hul da M Augusta W and Alma E

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, . .
M r Priebe has for years been an act i ve and worthy mem be r o f the
.
L utheran church For eleven years he was treasu rer o f the N orth St
. .
Paul L utheran chu rch but o f recent years he has had hi s membe rship in ,
the chu rch at White Bear Lake Poli tically he a ffil iates with the Republi .
c an pa rty not h oweve r in any sense o f the word being active in politics
, , ,
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S T PAU L AN D V I CI N I TY
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shi p Gude Freund and lande d at Staten I sland He was Jacobu s or .
Johanne s Van Z andt and hi s descendants settled on M anhattan I sland

,
and were eventually scattere d f rom Albany N ew York down the Je rsey , ,
coast and later to nearly every part o f the United State s I t i s from the .
New Jersey branch o f the family that Samuel R Van Sant sprung H i s . .
great grand fathe r was i n the Revolutionary war and hi s grand father was
-
a sol die r i n the War o f 1 8 1 2 The latter wa s al so a clergyman o f the .
M ethodi st faith as we re five o f hi s sons T he father o f M r V a n Sant

, . . .
J ohn We sley V an Sant named i n honor o f the great evangel ist a n d r e ,
fo rme r came west f rom N ew Jersey i n 1 8 3 7 and settled at Rock I sland

, .
The fami ly had by that time angl ici zed the good O l d Dutch name from
V a n Z andt to i ts p resent Angl o Saxon tone and thi s branch has since -
been known as Van Sant .
Samuel R i n a h an Sant was born M ay 1 1 1 844 at Rock I sland , , ,
a n d he had advance d i n hi s studie s as far as the high school when the
Civil war broke out He at once threw hi s book s aside and enl i sted i n
.
Company A o f the N inth I lli noi s Caval ry Hi s enl istment took place .
Augu st I 1 8 6 1 a n d throughout the te rm o f h i s service M r V a n Sant

, , .
neve r m i ssed a n engagement n o t once was w ounde d an d was neve r i n the ,
hospital f rom a n y cause no r eve r taken pri sone r H e was the last v e t , .
e ran o f the Civil war to occupy the gube rnatorial chai r i n M innesota .
being the tenth o f ou r eighteen gove rnors to have serve d both as sol dier
an d statesman .
When the wa r was ove r Captain V a n Sant engaged i n the lumber

business and i n steamboating an d settled i n Wi nona M innesota where , , ,
he continued to resi de until elected gove rnor a n d he has been a man o f ,
prom inence i n hi s state si nce that time He was speaker o f the house .
o f representatives i n the state legi sla ture in 1 895 an d i n 1 90 1 the people ,
o f M innesota con ferre d upon hi m the highe st o f fice w ithin thei r gi ft ,
the gove rnorship o f the great northwestern commonwealth H e filled .
that o ffice w ith honor and distinction be tween January 7 1 90 1 an d J a n , ,
ua ry 4 1 90 5 , .
O n December 7 1 868 Captai n V a n Sant w a s united i n marriage with

.
, ,
M i ss Ruth H all at L eclai re I owa She i s o f Scotch I ri sh descent he r ,

.
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fathe r s peopl e coming from the north o f I reland He r mother wa s a

’
.
Ross descended f rom Maj or John Ross distingui shed for his se rvice in
, ,
the Revolutionary wa r a n d al so i n the War o f 1 8 1 2 Th ree chi ldren

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were bo rn o f thei r union but Paul a n d Gertrude died at the ages o f two
years T he onl y su rviving hei r i s Grant nam ed i n honor o f the great
. .
general .
The V a n Sant fami ly n o w reside i n the c ity o f M i nneapoli s at the ,
Hamp shi re A rm s Governo r V a n Sant i s engaged i n the land and loan

.
business w ith which he was connected p revious to h i s term O f service as

,
governor o f the state H e has bu siness O ffices i n both St P aul a n d . .
Mi nneapol i s .
From the beginn ing o f hi s residence i n M innesota Captain a n Sant

evinced a n active intere st i n the G rand Army o f the Republ ic a n d h a s
been call ed to the highe st positions in that order He was commander .
o f h i s post at Wi nona In 1 894 h e was elected commande r o f the depart

.
m ent o f M innesota a n d i n 1 909 he w as elected commander i n ch ie f by the - -
National E ncampment H e serve d for o n e year i n thi s exalted positi on

. .
with great di sti nction vi siting the department encampments i n nearl y, ,
al l the state s travel ing m ore than ,

m ile s a n d del ive ring stirring
add resses fo r the encouragement o f h i s com rades .
704 S T PAU L AN D V I CI N ITY
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H e was al ways ready to go into any undertaking which had for i ts e n d

the devel opment o f the re source s o f the country .
I n the mid st o f hi s active comme rcial li fe he found time to take a c

tive part i n the pol itical side o f li fe too From 1 8 57 to 1 8 59 he was , .
treasu rer o f E sse x county Ne w Y ork Th e f o l l o w i n g yea r he moved to

, .
M innesota a n d here too a fte r he had devoted some time to the buil ding
, ,
up o f hi s bu siness he again ente red public l i fe He had been an active

, .
member o f th e ol d Whig party until i t went out o f exi stence and there ,
a fter was a n equally staunch Republ ican I n 1 8 7 1 he was electe d to .
the state legi slature although hi s di strict wa s strongly Democratic H is

,
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personal popularity was stronger than party feeli ng in a time when elect
ors w ere much more parti san than today An unu sual hono r which fell .
to h i s lot was that o f bei ng elected speake r the fi rst se ssion In th i s post .
hi s cou rteou s manner an d h i s abi lity for getting bu siness di sposed o f

promptly made him so popul ar as a p residing o f fice r that he was r e
electe d to the p osition I n 1 8 76 he was a delegate to the national R e
.
publ ican conventi on which nom i n ate d Hayes and Wheele r and was for .
v e a r s one o f the infl uential men o f h i s party .
Be fore hi s removal to M inne sota he was col onel o f a New York
"
state mil itia regiment for several years H e was a Knight Templar a . .
member o f Damascu s Commandery For many years he was j un i or .
warden o f St Paul s E pi scopal chu rch In all relations o f l i f e he was

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a man o f honor a n d rectitude against whose cha racter no di sparaging ,
word coul d be uttered .
M r Merriam was fi rst married on Januar y 2 7 1 848 to M i ss M a

.
, .
hala K D e L ano o f Westport New York She died i n Feb ruar y 1 8 57

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,
leav ing one son Wi ll iam R M e rriam now a re si dent o f Wash ington
, .
, .
D C The p resent M rs M erriam was M i ss Helen M Wilder o f L ew i s

. .
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E ssex county New York . She became the wi fe o f M r Merriam i n. .
Novembe r 1 8 58 ,
Two o f thei r si x chil dren are still l iving : J ea n n e
.
Merriam M c K e n n a and Robe rt H M rs Merriam i s a si ste r o f the late . .
Amherst H Wilder o f St Paul The death o f John L M erriam in

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, . . .
1 8 95 took f rom St Paul o n e o f he r most di stin g ui shed ci tizens Hi s

. .
t hree score an d ten years were filled w ith b e n e fic en t activ it y and hi s

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work was o f lasting value to the p rogress o f the cit y whose prosperit y .
i s a monument to all who have given so f r e e l v o f thei r energi e s to secu re

her comme rcial ascendancy .
L AR s R A suc ce ss ful young lawye r an d a NO i w e g i a n Ameri

o s N Es s .
c an o f excepti onall y strong character i s L ars R o s n e s s o f St Paul H i s .
able l egal practice i s based on thorough knowl edge a n d a fi rm technical

foundati on to which are added an unusuall y p ractical method o f analysi s
.
in ind ivi dual cases The k eynote both o f M 1 R o s n e s s cha racter and hi s
. .
’
p ro fessi onal s e i v i c e m a y be sai d to be a di rectness o f purpose How .
thi s qual
q it y has devel ope d the man m ay be s u i m i s e d i n a c o n s i d e i a t i o n
o f t h e facts o f hi s l i fe .
In a No rwe g ian home L ars R o s n e s s was bo rn 011 the twenty fourth -
o f M arch 1 8 7 8
. H is parents Anton and And rea R o s n e s s came to
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America w ith in a few years a fter thi s son s bi rth a n d set tled in St Paul ’
. .
where the b o y made excellent u se o f the opportunities o f the publ i c

sc h ool s o f thi s city When he was seventeen years o f age he wa s grad
.
u a t e d f rom the Central high school o f S t Paul I n 1 895 the year o f h i s . .

,
completi on o f hi s academi c education he accepted a posi tion in the bu si ,
ness h ouse o f M c K i b b i n D ri sco l l a n d D orse y I n thei r accounting de

. .
ST PAU L AN D V I CI N ITY
. .
7 05
pa r tm e n the worked ste adily for nine years But during thi s time he was .
doing something more than faith fully serving his employers and gain
ing a thorough knowle dge o f commerci al conditions H e was slowly .
an d surely gathering a body o f legal knowledge by persevering evening

study o f the technical ities o f law By the year 1 903 he had completed .
the course o f the St Paul College o f L aw I n 1 904 he resigned hi s posi

. .
tion with M c K i bb i n D ri scol l and D orsey and settled i n M orris M inne

, ,
sota where he began hi s practi ce o f law Here he formed a p ro fessional

,
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a ffiliation w ith L ewi s C Spooner the firm name being Spoone r an d .

,
R o s n es s Two years later this partnership was di ssolve d and at that

.
time 1 906 M r R o s n e s s returned to S t Paul where he has ever since

, ,
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,
continued to live and practice his chosen p ro fession .
Not only has M r R o s n es s a cl ientele o f grati fyi ng p roporti ons but

. ,
he i s also at p resent local attorney f or the American Surety Company o f

New York the duties o f which position he di scharges with e f ficiency
,
.
I n a political way L ars R o s ne s s shows the same steady earnestne ss

that characterizes hi s legal business He has always been a loyal Republ i .
can and since attai ning hi s ma j ority has been for several years a member
o f the c ity an d county Republ ican committees .
Hi s social acceptability among the lodge men o f St Paul i s e v m c e d by

‘
h i s membership i n the order o f M odern Woodmen i n which he has o c c u ,
pi ed many O ffic e s and o f which for the past four years he has been
,
di strict deputy head consul He i s also a member o f the Norden Club

and o f the Sons o f Norway having rep re sented the latter body i n the ,
capacity o f d elegate to the Grand L o d ge o f the organization .
Two years a fter hi s return to St Paul M r R o s n es s was united i n . .
marriage t o lM i ss Al ice E J acobsen the daughter o f Ol e Jacobsen who.

, ,
was a p rominent pi onee r m i n i ster o f the N orwegian M ethodi st E pi scopal

church The date o f M r and M rs R o s n e s s union was D ecember 2 2
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1 908 a n d they have since been counted one o f the most estimable Nor
,
w e g i an American fami lies o f the city The N orwegian— American move .
ment has been one o f particu l ar interest to Mr R o s n es s and one o n w hich .
he has bestowed much attention I n whatever l ine thi s young lawye r .
finds reason for activity he i s sure to be e ff ective Work has been hi s “
chie f hobby ever sin ce hi s school days when hi s work for t he St Paul D i s .
pa tc h made possibl e the completion o f hi s general education H e i s one ’

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o f the worthiest o f St Paul s citizens a n d one o f the most conscienti ou s

.
o f he r legal men .
D O C TOR H E N RY H U TC H I N s O N w hose death o c c u r i ed in Al g i e i s , ,
A frica December 1 1 9 1 0 was born i n Montreal Canada August 20

, , , , , ,
1 849 .H e was the s o n o f Jonathan and I sabelle Paterson Hutch inson .
He had attende d the common school s in Toronto coming w ith h is parents ,
to M innesota in 1 8 59 E ntering the common school s at No r th fie l d he

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,
fi ni shed the various grades and then enrolled as a student o f Carleton

College ; from Carl eton he went to the Hahnemann Me dical College o f
Philadelphia Pennsylvania from which he was graduate d wi th the
, ,
degree o f M D i n 1 8 74 . . .
A year later he married M i ss Matil da M c Cu r d y at Red Wing Afte r

four years practice in No r t h fi el d D r Hutchinson moved to St Paul
’
,
. . ,
where he conti nue d hi s pro fessional work until shortly be f ore hi s death .
Soon after comi ng to St Paul D r Hutchinson was made a member o f . .
’ ’
the sta ff s o f St L uke s St Joseph s an d the City an d Count y H ospitals
.
,
. .
and was late pro fessor o f theory and p ractice in the College o f H omeo
.
pathic M edicine and Su rgery University o f M innesota H e was a mem , .
ber o f The American Publ ic Health Association State Ant i Tube rculosi s ,
-
A ssociation and the American an d M i nnesota I nstitutes o f Homeopath y .
The Masoni c o rde r numbe red him among its stanche st members .
D r H utchinson w a s appoi nte d a membe r o f the state board o f health

.
i n Janua ry 1 8 95 by Governor Clough i n 1 896 he was made vice p resi

, , ,
dent o f the board and i n April 1 904 following the death o f D r Frankl in , , .
Staples was chosen president continui ng to hol d thi s position until the
, ,
time o f hi s death Wh ile actually pre si dent but six an d a hal f years
.
he was i n fact presi dent for a much longer period as D r Staple s wa s

, , , .
not able to attend the board meetings during seve ral o f the last years o f
hi s l i fe I t i s worthy to note that D r H utchin son was the thi rd presi dent
. .
o f the board to hold thi s p osition from the time o f hi s election unti l death .
He was always a conscientious practitione r a faith ful publ ic O fficial ,
and for thi rty one years a member o f the H ou se o f H ope church A fte r
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a l i fetime o f active service he reti red t e enj oy a w ell earned vacation i n -
extensive travel abroad He le ft St Paul August 1 7 1 9 1 0 but hi s earthly . .

, ,
vacation was only the beginning o f hi s eternal rest so short was the ,
soj ourn Quality o f days an d not quantity was truly hi s portion here
.
,
an d St Paul i s bere ft o f an estimable as w ell as a di stingui shed citizen

. ,
but he l eave s behind him in the hearts O f hi s fell ow c itizen s a n d friends

mem ories o f hi s many bene factions and laborious e fforts i n thei r behal f .
A L B E RT A RE N E E dward O René the father o f Albe rt A came to

. . . . .
,
M innesota from Canada i n the early days o f the h i story o f the state .
He was a carpente r b y trade and for some years afte r coming to th i s

country followed that occupati on A s he had an O pportunity to secure .
some valuabl e lands nea r White B ear lake he remove d to that di strict ,
and became one o f i ts prospe rou s and i nfl uential farmers He die d at h i s .
ol d homestead i n D ecembe r 1 893 having won the a ff ection and e steem , ,
o f all who knew him H i s wi fe was be fore he r marriage Jane S t u pn s k a

. .
They w ere married i n the city an d reared a family o f three chil dren who ,
are all n o w living The mothe r died in D ecembe r 1 894 The othe r mem
.
,
.
bers o f the fam ily be si de s Albe rt A René are Arthu r O a re si dent o f .

,
Mi lwaukee Wi sconsin employed i n the government se rvice and L o renzo

, ,
L René a farme r o f Wh ite Bear M inne sota

.
, ,
Albert A Rene was born i n M ay 1 864 at White Bear M innesota and , ,
attended the St Paul school s both i n the grade s and in the high school
. . b
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I n 1 8 84 he graduated f rom the St Paul Business College H i s fi rst . .
empl oyment was i n the wh olesale carpet business i n the e stabl ishment ,
o f M r J o h n lM athias 1 1 ho also conducted a retail store A fte r three

,
.
years he re M r René spent about a 1 ear traveli ng th rough the United

.
States and Canada be fore starting i nto the real e state business for h im
s el f in an o ffice at 303 Jackson street H e remai ned here o n l v one month
,
.
be fore 11 1 01 i ng to N o 1 1 0 E a st Fourth street where he staved until the

. .
Ge rmania L i fe Building w a s completed He then secu red a suite o f .
Ofl i c es in the ne w structure where h e has eve r since conducted h i s ,
th riving establ i shment handling all kind s o f city and country propert y
.
.
M rs R e n e i s t h e daughte r o f Charle s H and Angel ine \Veld o f Fa ri

. .
,
bau l t M innesota w here he r fathe r was formerly connecte d with the

. ,
grai n elevato r o f the c ity and i s now a well known stock man The mar .
r i a g e o f hi s daughter Cora A to A lbe rt René took place in October

,
.
, .
1 8 93 .M r and M rs René have no chil dren Both are w ell known i n

. . .
.
1 884 ,
and f rom the latter the degree o f LL M i n 1 88 3 Previou s to hi s . . . .
graduation he ente re d upon a career o f use fulness holdi ng the o f fice o f ,
assi stant to the commi ssioner o f education at Washingt on D C f rom ,

. .
,
1 880 to 1 8 8 5 He fi rst began hi s practice o f the law at M ontevi deo in

.
1 886 and conti nued in u ninterrupted p ractice unti l 1 909 si nce which yea r ,
he has devote d hi s attention to the work O f attorney general H i s s u c .
cess i n important cases has fi xed hi s status and he i s recogni zed by both
bench and bar as an honorable opponent and a lawye r o f the highest
attainments .
M r Smith i s a M ason O f high stan ding having attai ned to the thi rty
.
,
second degree and exempl i fying i n hi s o w n l i f e those i deal s o f moral and ‘
social j ustice for which the order stands H e i s al so a ffiliate d w ith the .
I ndependent Orde r o f Odd Fel low s an d the Anc ient O rde r o f United
Workmen H e i s represente d on the rol l o f the Commerci al Club O f
.
M ontevi deo a n d the Unive rsity Club o f S t Paul H i s rel igiou s view s
, . .
a re those o f the Congregational church o f which he i s a valued member , .
M r Smith was marrie d i n S t Paul February 3 1 88 6 hi s chosen

. .
, , ,
lady being D ora Rogers daughte r o f John Roge rs o f Kittery Maine , , ,

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M rs Smith w ho holds high soci al p osition o n account o f many grace s

.
,
O f mi nd and heart i s a granddaughte r o f Joseph Cox who was connected

, ,
w ith the Un ited States navy eithe r actively or on the reti red l i st for , ,
sixty two years They share thei r home w ith one d aughte r Charlotte
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.
, ,
who wa s bo rn in M ontevideo M i nnesota S he was graduate d f rom the ,

.
state un iversity i n 1 9 1 0 an d receive d the degree o f M A f rom Columbia

, . .
Unive rsity in 1 91 2 The subj ect i s connected w ith those o rgani zations
.
whose O bj ect i s the p romotion o f the un ity and progress o f the p ro fession ,
namely : the Ram sey County the M innesota an d the American Bar ,
Associations .
HE RB E RT P KE LL E R St Paul as a city might be j u sti fied i n b e

. . .
,
n e v i n g l ike the L ittle Corporal i n its star so excellent have been its ,
fortune s so rapi d and substantial its growth so w ide the fame o f its
, ,
beauty and h igh standing as an i ndu strial commercial and p ro fessional ,
cente r I t has again been fortunate i n the acqui sition o f that most i m
.
portant facto r towards municipal success —a good mayor Herbert P Kel , .
ler who i s fill ing that o f fice with c re di t to himsel f and honor a n d p rofi t to
,
hi s constituents S ince assuming the mayor s o ffice M r Kel ler has de

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voted himsel f to the essential s O f civic housekeeping in most p rai se

worthy fashion and has already prove d that he belongs not to the class
O f modern politicians whose sole aim seem s to be sel f — advancement but ,
that hi s ambi tions and desi re s are centered an d di rected i n those chan
nel s through w hich fl ow s the greatest and most permanent good to the
greate st numbe r Among hi s othe r pleasant di sti nctions i s that o f being
.
the fi rst native born mayo r o f S t Paul . .
M ayor Kelle r belongs to the younge r generation o f citi zenship h i s ,
eye s having fi rst opened to the l ight o f day o n February 7 1 8 7 5 hi s , ,
parents being John M Kelle r a p i oneer lumberman O f St Paul a n d A 11

.
,
n i ce E ( Scott ) Kelle r natives o f Saxe Weimar and Pennsylvania re

.
, ,
s p ec t i v e l y The u sual student o f biography con fesse s to an eager de

.
s i re to trace the ance stral forces that are united i n every s o n and d au gh
te r o f unusual force and abil ity and a glance at the forebears o f M ayo r ,
Kelle r reveal s the fact that he i s Saxon in origin L ike most o f the m e n .
o f h i s day and generation he receive d h i s p rel iminary educati onal di s .
c i p l i n e i n the publ i c school s o f the city and subsequently gai ned deeper ,
71 0 ST PAU L A ND VI CI N I TY
.
si nce these spots o ften a ff ord the only reli e f f rom so rdi dness for the
poorer classes Hamlet s advice to the players
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,
Costly thy habi t as thy pu rse c a n buy

Fo r the apparel o ft p roclaims the man ,
might by a sl ight stretch o f imagination be appl ied to thi s department o f

c iv ics an d general acknowledgment be made that the best park a c ity
c a n a ff ord i s by no means too good A ci ty i s truly to be congratulated
.
which has for its supe rintendent o f parks one who i s a t rue a rtist and at
the same time a goo d executive and these traits are united i n Frede rick
,
N u s s ba u m e r supe ri nten dent o f the parks o f S t P a u l an d landscape gar

, .
'
d en e r .Como Pa rk one O f the most beauti ful i n Ame rica i s a striking

, ,
testimony to h is abil ity thi s having been developed entirely under hi s

,
supervision and thou sands o f visitors f rom othe r states annual ly carry
,
away wi th them an enthusiastic app reciation o f hi s work thus spreading ,
h i s fame to all portions o f the country I t has been aptly said o f him .
that he i s a publ ic off i ci al whose work s a re a vi sible tribute to hi s skill

and fi tness .
M r Nu ssbaume r was born in Baden Germany N ovembe r 7 1 8 50

.
, , , ,
and i s the son o f Frede rick and A n n Mari a ( Shill inger ) N ussbaumer .
H e receive d hi s elementary education i n the publ ic school s o f hi s native

country and subsequently matriculated i n the University o f Freiberg ,
f rom which institution he rece ived diplomas in mechanical and c ivi l

engineering botany and landscape architecture H e a fterward put hi s
,
.
’
knowledge o f landscape garden ing to p ractical use i n hi s fathe r s nu rsery .
D uring the Franco Pru ssian wa r he se rve d i n the army and shortly
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therea fte r came to America locating i n S t Paul w he re he embarke d

, .
,
as a horticultu ri st and flori st In 1 891 he was appointe d by the c ity as

.
supe rintendent o f park s and h e has planned and lai d out al l the parks
o f th e c ity I n fact i t was largely due to hi s master ful mind that the
.
,
c ity now has so many beauty spots on whi ch the vi sitor may gaze w ith
wonder and adm i ration M r Nussbaumer has i ndeed given the best
. .
years o f hi s l i fe to the se rvice o f St Paul . .
M r Nu ssbaume r was marrie d i n St Paul i n 1 880 to M i ss Rosa A

. . .
M a t tm u l l e r daughter o f Jacob a n d B arbara M a t tm u l l e r

,
They have .
been ble ssed w ith the fol lowing children : A nni e Al fre d L ill ie a n d , ,
A rthu r and the fam ily mai ntain thei r home at lovely Como Park a
, ,
truly i deal situation .
The sub j ect i s p rominent i n the society o f park supe ri ntendents o f

America a n d a national authority on all relate d subj ects H e i s a mem .
ber o f the Civi c an d Comme rcial L eague o f the State o f M innesota ; the
M asons ; the Benevole nt 8 Protective O rde r o f E lks ; an d O f the S ons
1
o f H erman He i s de servedly popula r and h i gh l v esteemed and i s fond

.
o f all manner O f out door pu rsu its -

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GE ORG E L H U NT IN GTON a native o f M ichi gan was born April 8

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1 8 6 7 near the city o f Kalamazoo

,
H e came o f Revoluti onary stock Sam.
,
uel Huntington signing th e Declaration o f Independence H i s father .
was a native o f V e rmont and hi s mothe r o f New York .
H e was b rought up 011 a farm in Dane c ounty Wi sconsin until , ,
fi fteen years o f age when hi s fami ly moved to Rock county M innesota

, , ,
locating on a fa rm ad j oining the city limits o f L uve rne In 1 889 he .
graduated f rom the L uve rne high school an d then entere d the University
ST PAU L AN D VI C I N I TY
. 1 71 1
o f M innesota graduating from the scientifi c course i n 1 893 He the n

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took a year in the law school o f the s ame i nstitution but as he di d n o t ,
feel impelled to enter the legal p ro fession he went into me rcantile busi
ness in Luverne for a b ri e f time and then deci ded to become a physician .
Accordingly he ente red the Northern I nstitute o f Osteopathy at M inne

ap o l i s and was graduate d in 1 8 99 I n Octobe r o f the same year he began .
hi s practice in S t Paul where he h as since been located

.
,
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D r Huntin gt on i s a membe r o f the American Osteopathi c A ssocia

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ti on o f wh ich he was vice p resi dent for one year an d al so o f the M inne
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sota State Oste opathic Associati on o f which he was p re si dent the first ,
two years o f its exi stence He was secretary o f the State B oard o f .
Osteopathic E xaminers for seven years receiving hi s appointments f rom ,
Governors V an Sant and Johnson H i s p ro fessional record has been .
o ne o f high achievement and he stands among the leaders o f thi s branch

o f his p ro fession The large p ractice wh ic h he h as bui l t up in the com
.
pa r at i v e l y short time he has been practicing testifies to hi s abil ity i n h i s

chosen calling .
On June 20 1 900 D r Huntin gton was married to M i ss M inni e L

, ,
. .
Schuc k o f Geneseo Ill inoi s She i s a lady o f charm an d culture and

, ,
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’
well fitte d to share the succe ss which her husband s ab ilities secu re to
him .
D r Huntington belongs to the M asonic fraternity being a member

.
,
o f Triune Lodge M erriam Park Though hi s large an d growi ng p rae

,
.
tice leaves him little lei su re he stil l finds time to make many f riends an d
, ,
the high regard i n which he i s hel d as a physici an i s not greate r than

that pai d to the man as a tribute to hi s personal character .
A RTH UR J S TO B B AR T A record o f well —

. won success ha s been ma d e
.
by A rthur J S t obb ar t a stalwart member o f t he R amsey county bar

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,
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An E ngli shman by bi rth he early adopted thi s country as hi s own and

,
in this c ity has achieved a measure o f success grati fying and merited ,
He has been i denti fie d w ith the bar o f thi s city for a number o f year s
and hi s reputati on as one o f its most talente d members has been rein
forced with the passing years during which he has appeared in connec ,
tion w ith many important cases and he has many noteworthy fo rensic
victori es to his credi t H e i s a strong advocate be fore cou rt or j ury an d
.
not only marshal s hi s causes w ith abili ty but al so brings to bear the ,
power o f a strong and upright character so that h e has gained and ,
hel d the confi dence an d regard o f hi s fell ow p ractitioners and also o f

th e public .
Arthu r J S t o b ba r t was born D ecember 3 1 1 8 7 2 i n Chatham E ng

.
, , ,
land the son o f Ralph an d E lizabeth S t o bb a r t H e rece ived a splendi d

, .
prel iminary education in the thorough E ngli sh school s and sub sequently
ente re d Gl ouceste r College At the age o f eighteen years h e p ai d hi s.
adieux to the ol d associ ations an d crossed the At l antic to go in quest o f

the wide r opportuni ty hel d out by the newer country H e arrived i n .
May 1 8 90 an d very shortly a fterward l ocate d i n the state o f M innesota

, , .
Having determined upon hi s pro fession he entered the l aw department ,
o f the University o f M innesota and in 1 897 receive d the degree o f L L B . .
’
I n the follow ing year he received h i s master s degree in law H e wa s
'
admitte d to the bar June 3 1 897 and came to St Paul to begi n hi s , , .
career and ever sinc e has been actively engaged i n p ractice before the
,
federal and state courts I n the fi fteen or more years o f hi s activitie s

.
here he has bui lt up a large and lucrative practice an d has been engage d
.
i n many important cases an d has always been true to hi s trusts I n , .
recent years he has served as counsel o f the board o f water commi ssion
ers I n 1 897 98 he acted as deputy cle rk o f the di strict court o f the
.
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Second j udicial d istrict and i n 1 900 0 1 he se rve d a s assi stant co rporation -
attorney fo r S t Paul Thi s he resigned to ente r general practice M r

. . . .
S to bb ar t was sec retary o f the Ramsey County Bar Association i n 1 900

and he was later on the e xecutive committee o f that organization H e .
hel d the o ffice o f p resident o f the law department o f hi s alma mater ,
the University o f M innesota i n 1 90 1 —1 902 , .
On June 1 6 1 8 97 i n S t Paul M r S t o bb a r t l ai d the foundations o f a

, , .
, .
happy househol d and congenial li fe companionship by hi s union w ith M i ss

Domia M ill s Cu dworth daughte r o f Captai n Dariu s A Cu dworth They ,
.
have two daughte rs : Dori s E lizabeth an d Donna L ou i se an d two sons , ,
A rthur J ames and Roge r L yne The family are communicants o f St . .
M atthews E pi scopal chu rch i n wh ich M r S t o b b a r t i s vestryman H i s ,

. .
frate rnal relations are with the A F 81 A M K o f P B P O E and . . . .

,
. .
,
. . . .
,
the M innesota chapter o f Delta Chi M r S t o bb a r t an d hi s wi fe who are . .

,
leading membe rs o f a n adm i rable social ci rcle are held i n gene ral con ,
fi d e n c e and e steem .
R US H B W H EE L E R Amon g the men o f integrity courageous deter

. .
,
m inati on and high schola rship w ho have taken a n active part i n the up
buildi ng o f St Paul a place i s easily accorde d Rush B Wheele r who has
.
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,
hel d a p rom inent place i n the high a ff ai rs o f the city since h i s advent in
1 88 3 . Ru sh B Wheele r was born i n South B utle r Wayne county New
.
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York January 29 1 844 H e i s a son o f O range Hal l and Ev e ( Tucker )

, ,
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Wheele r H i s col lege p reparatory work was done at the Cazenovia

.
S em inary Cazenovia Ne w York f ollowing wh ich h e went to New

, , ,
Haven Connecticut an d was gradua te d f rom Yale Un iversity w ith the

, ,
degree o f A B i n th e class o f 1 8 7 1
. .
,
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A fte r the completi on o f h i s u niversity w ork M r Wheele r taught .
for a w hile i n the institute at New Marlbo ro Massachusetts f rom which ,

’
place he came to Au stin M innesota i n 1 8 7 3 to read law i n h i s brothe r s , , ,
o ffi ce A fter spen ding some time with hi s brothe r E O Wheeler he was

. . .
,
adm itted to the M inne sota bar at Austi n i n 1 8 7 6 Seven years later he .
moved to St Paul and has si nce been prom inent i n the real e state an d
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,
l oan bu siness I n hi s p ro fe ssion h e has speci al ized i n real e state law

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From 1 880 to I 88 3 M r Wheele r w as a di rector i n the Fi rst Nati onal 1 .
Bank o f Austi n M inne sota In 1 894 5 h e was p resi dent o f the Real
,
.
-
E state E xchange o f S t Paul a n d from 1 900 to 1 904 treasurer o f the .

, ,
same o rgani zation For several years he was treasure r o f the Y M C A

. . . . .
o f St Paul a n d he was a di recto r o f the St Paul Chamber o f Com

.
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me rce for fi fteen y ears .
On May 1 7 1 8 7 6 i n Rochester M innesota wa s sol emni zed the mar

, , , ,
r i a e o f Rush B Wheel er to M i ss H arriet S Clark daughte r o f A sa S

g .
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,
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and Rhoda ( Shaw ) Clark M r a n d M rs Wheele r have become the . . .
parents o f fou r chil d ren : Frost M who was marrie d June 30 1 909 to .
, , ,
M i ss E mma B ecker o f M ount V ernon N ew Y ork ; Cleora at home ; , , ,
E verett a n d Ross neithe r o f whom are n o w l iving M r Wheeler an d hi s

,
. .
fam ily are members o f the Park Congregational church .
Pol iti cally M r W heeler favo rs the men a n d measure s o f the R epub
'
l ican party He i s a member o f the Saint Paul Commercial Club an d the

.
White Bea r Yacht Club .

ST . PAU L 1
. ND VI CI N I TY
J O H N B S A N BOR N Among h e young lea ders o f the St Paul bar

. .
,
J ohn B Sanborn i s d i s t i n gu i s h e c by many o f the qualities o f soli d abi l

.
i t y and succe ss ful achievement which were characteri sti c of hi s e m i

nent father one o f the g r e a te s lawyers statesmen and soldiers o f the
, ,
state o f M inneso ta .
John B Sa nborn son o f t h late General John B Sanborn was born

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,
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at S t Paul November 9 1 8 3
. With the illustri ous example o f his
, ,
fathe r as a gui de he p repar ; d for the same pro fe s sion and receive d
.
, ,
most liberal e ducational a d v m t ages He gra d uated from the Centr al .
high school o f St Paul i n I 10 1 then ente re d the Universi ty o f M i n ne

.
, ,
sota where he rece ived the legree o f A B i n 1 90 5 and was graduated

,
. .
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L L B from the St Pau l O l l ege o f Law i n 1 907 He has since been

. . . . .
engaged in general p ractice and i s a membe r o f the wel l known firm o f

Markham and Sa n born .
A Republican i n poli ti c s he is a member of the c ollege f raterni ty o f ,
Chi Psi and belongs to t h : Mi nnesota Boat Club the Sons o f the Amer
, ,
i can Revolution and to t l e Loyal L egion H i s chu rch i s the Episcopal . .
On the i 8 1 h o f tVIay 1 91 17 M r Sanb o rn was married to M iss Helen S , ,
Clarke She is a gradu a t e o f the University of M innesota and was born

i n Algona I owa a dau ghter o f the late George E Clarke who during
, , .
,
hi s li fetime was a p r o rr i nen t attorne y o f that state For r ecreati on M r . .
Sanborn turns to the 1 o r l d o f sport and i s pa r t i c u l a r l y f o n d o f hunting .

‘
and fi shing .
J
The late General o hn Benj ami n S anbo rn w as one o f the distinctive
personaliti es a n d m o st p rominent actors in the history and a ff a i i s o f
Mi nnesota and St P au l Com ing to t h e city and state d m i n g the p io. .
neer pe rio d o f the d eca de be fore the war li e at once took a c o n s p i c u ,
ous position as a la w ye an d man o f a f fairs and for man y ea r s h i s abi l r

,
‘
i
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ity and achie ve ments w e i e effective in shaping the desti nies o f the
state He “ as 011 1 o f the grea t men o f M innesota and hi s pla c e i n t h e
. . .
hi story o f the st at e 111 ill rema i n secu re through subsequent generations

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O f promin ent New E ngland ance stry he was born i n the town o f
'
Epsom M e rri ttmi ck co u nt y N ew Hampshire December 5 1 8 26

,
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Ph e , , . .
homestead wh et e he was born had been for generati on s a posse s sion o f

-
the Sa n born f ami ly and i s still the p roperty o f peop le o f t h is n ame .
Th e to w n i s another memorial o f the i nflue nti a l a c t i vi

ties o i thi s f am ily in that state Two b r o th e i s O f the i a z s e at e d on .
- n c :
t h e t rac t w he r e Genera l Sanborn wa s born more 1 11 0 e rn u r i e s , .
ago a centu ry b e fo r e the V er m ont colony h ad b een de ta c h e d f rom the

,
Ne w Hamps h i re gra n ts El iphalet Sanborn t h e g r e a z g r a n d f at h er O f

‘
v
.
.
the General wa s a c o lo n ial soldier durin g th e ,

o f the Revolution ,
and th e m a te rnal grand fathe r Benj a m i n S argent en t m d the service as t
a drumme r b o y conti nui ng throughout the 11 11 i n d fina l l y being a sold

,
1
ier i n the ra n ks H on Jo s i a h u ri ne gra n d father was a p ros r
"
. .
,
perons lumbe rman and farm e r a n d i ) : e ven t een consecutive years f

.
was a memb er o f the N ew l l a mns h m mg i s ta t u r e Frederick Sanbo rn .

,
fathe r o f Gene ral Sanborn w as in: en f e xalted characte r who lived 1 t 1

, ,
for nearly a century on the it a bove mentioned Hi s wi fe 'l i . .
the mothe r o f Genera l Sanbo r n 1 s u cy L Sargent a native o f . 1 . . .

,
P i t ts fiel d N ew Hamp shi re an d 11

,
o f great strength o f characte r ,
and mi nd From these worthy General Sanborn no d oubt i a

.
i
h e r i t e d many o f th e native q u a h t e s
" hich d istingui shed his career .
The training o f hi s earl y y ou r : on h i s fathers farm and in h e ’

t
saw m i l l s and lumber woods o f G ranite state an d durin g thi s time ,

.
he o b ta in e d an e d u c a t i o n i n the c o m m o n s c h o o l s On a tta in ing h i s .
m a j o r i ty he p repare d for college at Pembroke Academy i n N ew Hamp

shi re and Thetford Academy in Vermont and entere d Dartmouth Col ,
lege i n the fall o f 1 8 51 but remaine d o n l y one term b eg in n in g the study

, ,
o f law w ithout the i ntroducti on o f a col lege training or degree I n the .
s p r in g o f 1 8 52 at the age o f twenty fiv e he entere d the law offi ce o f

,
-
J udge Asa Fowler a distingu i shed l awyer o f Concord and a fter a ve ry

, ,
thorough course o f study and practical instruction was admitte d to the

bar at a general term o f the superio r court i n July 1 8 54 ,
.
A fte r a few months o f practice at Concord he deci de d to contribute ,
h i s caree r to the grow ing west The territory o f M innesota was the n .
attracting noti ce and he set out w ith St Paul as h is desti nation At

,
. .
D u buque I owa he le ft the railroad to continue the rest o f hi s j ou rney

, ,
overland the rive r being closed to navigation at that season o f the year
,
.
With some companions w ith a wagon and team w hich they bought at,
D ubuque and sol d i n St Paul he arrive d 1 n thi s city i n D ecember 1 8 54 , , ,
an d i mmediately began the p ractice o f hi s p ro fession H i s partne r was .
M r Theodore French another young attorney from N ew Hampshi re

.
,
.
From thei r adverti sement i n the E m igrants Guide for 1 8 56 the fi rm o f

Sanborn and French were not only attorneys at law but commi ssioners ,
fo r the state o f M aine N ew H ampshire V ermont M assachusetts and

, , ,
N ew York w ere agents for the Aetna and Phoenix I nsu rance Companie s
,
” “
o f Hartford an d were p repared to take charge o f real estate and to
,
sell loan an d locate lan d warrants and negotiate loans on commi ssion
,
.
The o f fice o f the firm w as i n M a c k u b i n and E dgerton s buil ding on S t ’

.
Anthony street They had a good business f rom the fi rst an d in Janu
.
,
ary 1 8 57 M r Charle s C Lund another New Hamp shi re lawye r was

, , . .
, ,
admitted to the partnership A s Sanborn F rench and Lund this c o n .

,
tinned till the death o f M r French i n 1 860 and the remaining partners .
,
continue d u ntil the senio r member went to the f ront i n 1 86 2 .
General Sanborn was from the fi rst success ful in hi s p ro fe ssion ,
both as counselo r and advocate H e gained a large practice i n the state .
and federal courts and ach ieve d an extende d and enviable reputation .
I n 1 8 59 h e wa s el ected to the lower br anch o f the legislature and during

hi s fi rst term served as cha irman o f the j udiciary comm ittee Hi s most .
valuable servi ce i n thi s connection was i n th e formulating and enact

ment o f a system o f laws which restore d an d i n part inaugu rated a
soun d an d healthy condi tion i n the financi al a ff ai rs o f th e state I n 1 860 .
he was electe d to th e state senate and was made chai rman o f the c o m ,
m i t t ee on m ilitary a ffai rs .
For the cau se o f the Union during the Civil war Genera l Sanborn
per formed conspicu ous services that h ave placed hi s name on the roll o f
hon or o f the nation H i s part in the war occupies many pages o f the
.
annal s o f M innesota an d o f the Civi l war epoch and only a brie f outl ine ,
wil l b e given i n thi s personal sketch I n Ap ri l 1 8 6 1 he was appointed .

, ,
by Gove rno r Ramsey to the position o f adj utant gene ral and acting
quartermaster general o f the state w i th the rank o f brigadie r general , .
The responsibil ity o f th e organization and equipment o f the M in n esota

volunteers fell upon h im He su rrendered a p rofitabl e p racti ce with the
.
,
p rospect o f large civi c honors and gave him sel f with characte risti c e n ,
e r gy and zeal to the dutie s o f the new o f fice The state had no war chest .
or commi ssari at an d i ts armament was p racti cally worthless With th e .
ai d o f h i s patriotic fellow citi zens he soon ha d the M innesota contin

gent ready for duty i n the field I n orde r to have the fi rst regiment .
ST PAU L A ND V I CI N I TY 71 5
'
p roperly uni forme d he had to make a trip to Washingt on but the en .

'
t h u s i as m and generous labors o f him sel f and others resulted i n the state
being rep resented by a fine body o f soldiery A fte r the First Regiment .
he equipped for the fiel d the Second and Thi rd .

.
A fter he had systematized and put in order the machine ry o f hi s

o ffi ce he o ff ered hi s own services as a soldier O n the organi zation of .
the Fourth Regiment o f I n fantry on the I s t o f D ecember 1 8 6 1 he ,

.
, ,
was commissioned its colo nel Du ring the frontier hostiliti es o f that
and the following year the headquarters o f the regiment were at Fort
Snel l ing an d he had co m man d o f all the troop s and garrisons along the
,
frontie r o f the state E arly i n the spring o f 1 8 62 he was ordered south

.
’
w ith hi s regiment and j oined General Halleck s army while it was in
,
’
f ront o f Cori nth M issi ssipp i ; He was assigned to General Pope s com
,
mand then called the Army o f the M issi ssippi During the siege o f
, . . .
Corinth he was given command o f a demi brigade consi sting o f three -
regiments o f in fantry an d a battery o f artil lery A fter the city was .
evacuated by the C on federates on May the 2 9t h and the Union troop s

h a d pursue d them as far a s B oonv ille M i ssouri hi s command returned , ,
to the vicinity o f C orinth The re a reorgani zation was made i n the .
troops o f thi s department an d although he hel d only the rank o f co l onel ,
he was given comman d o f the Fi rst B rigade Thi rd D ivi sion o f the , ,
A rmy o f the Tennessee the divi sion being under the command o f Gen ,
e ral C S Hamil ton o f Wi sconsin and Genera l Rosecrans be ing the

. .
,
ranking general o f the ent i re army About the m i ddle o f Septembe r the .
division was ordered to Iuka which had been capture d by the C on fed ,
e r at e leader General Price On September l gth occurred the battle o f

,
Iu k a o n e o f the hardest fought and consideri ng the numbers engaged

,
'
, ,
one o f the most sanguinary engagements o f the war I n this battle .
’
General Sanborn s brigade consi ste d o f the Fi fth and S ixteenth I owa ,
t h e Twenty si xth M issouri the Fourth M innesota the Forty eigh th In

-
- -
, ,
diana and the E leventh Oh io B attery a total o f twenty two hundred ,

-
men in action Thi s brigade sustained the brunt o f the day s battle and
.
’
g aine d for itsel f and leader a bri lliant reputati on for prow ess General .
Sanborn was opposed by M au r y s divi sion o f Con federates nearly six ’

,
thousand strong and he fought them from th ree o clock i n the a fter
,
’
noon until nine in the evening A fte r the battle h ad been i n p rogress for .
’
some time a few regiments o f General Stanley s divi sion came to hi s
,
ai d but all accounts agree an d all reports show that Sanborn s brigade
,
’
di d far the greater part o f the fighting on the Federal si de and saved the
day Thi s was the first test o f fi re through whi ch General S anborn
.
and most o f hi s men had passed Yet h e hel d hi s forces in l ine with .
the coolne ss o f a veteran and exhibite d all the qual iti es o f an expert in
the art o f war The battle was a series o f assaults an d counter charges
.
-
,
w ith hand —to han d fighting an d hi s battery was three times taken an d
-
three times recovered At the c l ose o f thi s battle Sanborn hel d hi s p o .
s i ti on with s i x hundred o f hi s command k illed and wounde d the loss

, ,
o f the enemy opposed to hi m being much greater That n ight General .
Price withdrew hi s forces I n the orders communicated to General San

“
born General Rosecrans gave him and hi s associates the highest credit
,
and praise for thei r skill an d gallantry in de fending the position .
For four years General Sanborn remained with the armies o f the
Union through a series o f campai gns an d servi ces the telli ng o f which
, ,
woul d require a volume He was one o f the able field general s o f the .
war an d hi s achievements are part o f every complete record o f that

,
71 6 ST PAUL AN D VI C I N ITY
.
great war A fter the surrender at Appomatox i n 1 865 Genera l S an

.
born was assigne d to and took command o f the D i strict o f the Upper
Ark a n sas and conducted a campaign against the Comanche Kiowa
, , ,
Cheyenne A rapahoe and Apache I ndians By the fi rst o f N ovember o f

, .
the same year he had e stabli she d peace w ith all o f these tribes H e wa s .
the n sent by orde r o f Presi dent Johnson to the I ndian Te rritory to a d

j ust the relations between the slave hol ding I ndians and thei r former
slaves and accompl i shed thi s w ithout the use o f force I n June 1 866
, .
, ,
he was mustered out o f the se rv ice having given more than five years ,
to the cause and a fte r thi s long i nterrup tion he returne d to St Paul
,
.
to resum e hi s p ractice a s a lawye r He was not to be allowed to bury .
him sel f in hi s p ractice so spee dily however for in 1 867 he was d e s i g , ,
n a t e d by Congre ss as one o f the I ndian Peace Commission and to
gether with Generals S herman Harney Te rry an d othe r members o f , ,
the commi ssion concluded a number o f treaties wi th the I ndian t r ibes

east o f the Rocky mountains These treaties played an important part .
i n the development o f the west and southwest an d had much influence ,
i n amel iorating the condi tions o f the I ndians .
I n addition to hi s law practi ce in St Paul General Sanborn also .

,
opene d an o f fice i n Washington D C and here the firm o f Sanborn and , . .

,
King was continue d w ith large succe sses an d a fin e reputation until

July 1 8 78 w hen General Sanborn reti red f rom active p ractice i n that
, ,
ci ty On the I s t o f January 1 8 7 1 he had associated w ith hi msel f hi s

.
, ,
nephew H on Walte r H Sanborn making the well know n law fi rm i n

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,
S t Paul o f John B and W H Sanborn I n 1 88 1 E P Sanborn a n

. . . . . . .
,
other nephew was added an d upon Walter H S anbor n s appoin tment

, , .
’
to the bench the fi rm name became John B and E P Sanborn and so . . .

,
remaine d until the General s death ’

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I n 1 8 7 2 Gene ral Sanborn was electe d a membe r o f the state legi s

ture and i n 1 88 2 consente d to se rve anothe r term in order that hi s abil
,
i ty might be used i n restoring the somewhat impai red cre dit o f the state .
Throughout hi s career General Sanborn was closely i denti fied with the
bu siness and c ivi c i nterests o f St Paul For several years he was p resi . .
dent o f the Chambe r o f Commerce was director an d v ice presi dent o f ,

-
the German —American B ank and was vi ce p resi dent an d trustee o f the ,
-
B anke rs L i fe Assurance Society and o f the M innesota Mutual L i fe In ,
surance Company H e was al so presi dent o f the St Paul Roller M ills

. .
Company and connected with variou s othe r e nte rpri se s

,
He took a .
H e was department commande r o f the Grand Army o f the Republ ic ;

p rominent part i n many o f th e organi zed activ ities o f hi s city and state .
commander o f the M innesota Commandery o f the Loyal Legion ; mem

be r o f the e xecutive council o f the State H i storical S ociety a n d i ts ,
p resi dent at the time o f hi s death ; and hel d l ik e o ffices in other organ
i z ati o n s A s a lawye r he stood for years i n the f ront rank o f the p ro
.
f es s i o n not alone i n the c ity and state but i n the nation

,
H e was a c i t .
i z e n o f publ ic sp i rit an d executive abil ity whose accompli shments le ft ,
thei r impress i n the enduring record o f p rogress a n d h i s relations were ,
always marked by faith fulness to hi s highest concepts o f duty and honor .
General Sanbo rn was three times married H i s fi rst wi fe whom he .

,
marrie d i n March 1 8 57 was M i ss Catheri ne Hall o f Newton New

, , , ,
Jersey She died i n November 1 860 leaving o n e daughte r H atti e F

.
, , ,
whose death occurred in Decembe r 1 880 M i ss Anna E N i xon o f , . . .
B ri dgton Ne w Je rsey a si ste r o f H o n John T N i xon o f the Fede ral

, , . .
,
di strict cou rt o f New Je rsey became hi s wi fe i n N ovember 1 8 65 Her , ,

.
.
as peace fully look back over past years w ith as little regret as c a n Hans
Nel son Al l o f hi s chi ldren are a c redit to hi m an d thei r bringing up
.
,
and h e i s j ustly proud o f them They are a s follows : E llen who mar .
,
r ied Frank Ande rson o f St Paul and has three chi ld ren ; Jennie who i s
, .
, ,
a dre ssmake r resi ding in Yellowstone Park ; W illiam living i n M inne

, ,
a po l i s marri ed Anna Anderson an d has one chi ld M r N elson being a

, , .
draughtsman f or the S iou x Rail road Company ; Fre d who hol ds a like ,
position in the same o f fice ; Peter residing at home a student i n an agri , ,
cultural college ; and Henry who i s receiv ing a musical education M r ,

. .
N el son was reare d i n the faith o f the S wedi sh L utheran c hurch i n ,
which he was confi rmed when he was fi fteen years o f age and for sev ,
eral years he has acted i n the capacity o f deacon .
F R E D W G OS E W IS C H A young m an w hose broad v iew s and str ong

. .
personal ity have been felt in the municipal l i fe o f S t Paul i s Fred W . .
Gosewi sch who has se rved as clerk o f p robate since 1 900 and who b e
,
tween 1 90 5 and 1 908 se rve d as mayor o f N orth St Paul where he makes ,
hi s residence He i s actively i nte rested i n the suc cess o f good gove rn

.
ment stand s high i n the council s o f the Republ ican party an d i t i s through
,
hi s enlightened e f forts that the o f fic e o f the clerk o f the Ramsey county

p robate cou rt has become one o f the best systemized and most e fficiently
managed i n the west H e has to hi s cre dit more than a decade o f v a l u a
.
bl e service to the ci ty .
Although o f German descent M r Gosewi sch is a native s o n o f M in , .
me sota hi s b irth having occu rred at Wabasha June 1 9 1 8 75

,
To the , ,
.
p ublic school s o f Wabasha an d later to those o f S t Paul i s he i ndebted .
f o r hi s e ducation and fo r some years a fter l eaving school he confined

h im sel f to the reading o f l aw As a very young man he became i nte r .
e s t e d i n pol itic s an d was soon recogn ized as o f the right mate rial to
which to entrust the fortunes o f the Grand Ol d Party H i s service s .
a s mayor o f N orth St Paul w ere o f the finest and most satis factory
“
characte r A s the champ ion o f the maintenance o f the best educational

“
system po ssible i t i s ve ry appropriate that he shoul d be secretary o f the

board o f educati on which o f fice he has hel d since 1 902 I t i s sa fe to say
,
.
that no ci tizen o f hi s years has been as active in municipal a ff ai rs .
“
I t has been sai d o f M r Gosew i sch H i s appointment to the clerk o f .
,
Probate court cam e i n recognition o f the earnest and able work that he
gave hi s party and while M r Gosew i sch has neve r sought p ol itical offi ce
, .
o f an elective natu re at the hands o f the vote rs at large ove r the country ,
h e i s one o f the best known an d m ost popular o f the county o f ficial s and
”
w ould be hailed cordially by many for a n y o f fice to whic h he asp i red .
J A Q UI N N M D A popular man that h as ho sts o f loyal f riends

. .
, . .
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a skill ful physician an d surgeon and a citizen o f integrity —such i s the , ,

~
h igh estimate placed by a l l who knew him upon D r J A Quinn o f St . . . . .
Paul He was born in Sangamon county I ll inoi s D ecembe r

. the , ,
son o f Wi lli am B a n d L ou i sa Quinn H i s parents we re pi onee rs in St

. . .
Paul i n 1 849 a date when St Paul was consi dered remote te rritory
, . .
’
D r Quinn s boyhood was spent o n a farm in the neighborhood o f St
.
.
Paul A t the age o f n ine he was sent away to sch ool at J ack sonvill e
. ,
I llinois and at th i rteen he entered the p reparatory department o f the

,
Unive rsity o f M innesota H e remained in that instituti on for seven .
years w ith the e xcepti on o f one year spent at Wesl eyan Universi ty at
Bloomington I ll inoi s H e le ft the Wesleyan University o f Bloomington
, .
S T . PAU L AN D VI C I N I TY '
71 9
i n 1 8 76 and spent one year i n travel Upon his retu rn he entered the .
o ffic e o f D r J H Murphy one o f the oldest and most di stingui shed

. . .
,
doctors i n Ramsey county H e remained there a student o f medicine .

,
-
and in 1 8 80 graduated f rom the College o f Physicians and Surgeons i n

N ew Yor k City H e at once engaged i n the practice o f his p ro fession
. .
i n St Paul being associate d with D r M urp hy for the ensuing si x years

.
, . .
I n 1 8 8 3 D r Quinn was electe d corone r o f Ram sey county on the

.
Democrati c ticket and he serve d for f o ur success i ve terms Du ring h i s

, .
long residence 1 n St Pau l his service and his own personal ity have alike
.
made him well known throughout the c ity .
I n April 1 887 he married France s B H ampson a native o f M inne

, , .
,
sota .
J OH N H C O L W E LL M innesota i s fortunate i n the i dentity o f the man

. .
who has charge o f one o f the most important o f its publ ic trusts —u n ,
deniably important f rom the f act that i n its dutie s are i nco rp orated the
sa fe gu a r di n g p f the lives o f thousands John H Colwell state boi ler
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. .
,
inspector has been fitted f o r hi s offi ce by many years o f pra ctical ex

,
p e r i e n c e in mechanics and hi s care fulness and i ntelligent understanding

,
o f what is expected o f him i s o f the highest character He was appointed .
to his present place i n 1 91 1 by Gove rnor E berhardt He i s one o f the .
public spirited citizens o f St Paul and one o f hi s particular hobbies i s

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public imp rovement i n which department o f c ivic ethics he has playe d a n

,
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i mportant part Hi s o ffi ce i s situated in the Ol d Capito l B u il ding and

.
h is resi dence at 2 57 Johnson str eet thi s city ,

.
John H C olwel l was born at Malone Frankl i n county N ew York

. .
, ,
May He I s the son o f Lawrence and Susan ( Gormley Col

well the fathe r a native o f M al one an d the mother o f Rochester , New
,
Yo rk Law rence Colwell was a machi ni st by occupation and came to

.
M i nnesota i n the spring o f 1 863 locating at fi rst i n M inneap ol is and being ,
connected wi th the fi rst shingl e mill i n the state the same being owned by ,
E lder Sp i n k H e remained i n that association fo r eight years acting

.
,
as head sawyer o f the drag saw which c u t the logs into shingle bolt
lengt hs I n the early 7o s he re move d to a farm i n Sherbourne county
,
.
’
g
.
,
near B ecker which r o pe r ty he had taken up as a homestead and it was

, ,
while there resi ding that he passed away about the yea r 1 8 72 H i s w i fe . .
had p receded him to the Grea t Beyond several years be fore soon after ,
they took up thei r re si dence upon the farm There were seven chil dren .
i n the fami ly the s ubj ect being the fi fth in order o f bi rth All survive
,
.
w ith the exception o f Will iam w ho was k ille d August 3 1 1 88 1 on the , , ,
St Paul
. Paci fic Rail road He was a single man The father an . .
,
estimabl e man was a Democrat i n pol itics but never an o ffi ce seeker

, ,
.
H e was reared i n the Catholic faith as was also the mother , .
Young John received a fai rly good common school education and
when the home stead was taken up was o f years su f ficient to assist in
clearing it A fter the parental estate was settled he worke d for neigh
.
boring farmers for a year o f two fo r the remuneration o f ten dollars a ,
month at first He then secured work i n the shingle mil ls at Anoka at a

.
dollar and a hal f a day the pay o f an experience d workman It w as h i s ,

.
task to pack shingles and to di rect what was known as knot sawi n g .
At th e age o f about eighteen or nineteen years he began to work on

the St Pau l . Pacific Railway as fireman an d f rom fi reman he was ,
eventual ly advanced to engineer i n which di ffi cul t an d dangerous work ,
he engage d for fi fteen years part o f the time doing the work o f stationary ,
.
enginee r and hi s territory being d ivi ded between M innesota an d W i s c o n

sin Upon entering upon his railroad caree r he took up hi s re si dence i n
.
St Paul and here he has ever since resi ded A s mentioned in a preced
. .
ing paragraph he was appointe d to h i s p resent position i n 1 9 1 1 and has

, ,
now hel d the offi ce fo r about a year su f ficient pe riod to prove that he ,
i s the right man fo r the place .
M r Colwell was fi rst married August 2 1 8 8 2 the young w oman to

.
, ,
become hi s w i fe being M ay Stone o f M inneapol is On September 20 , .

,
1 90 7 he was united in matrimony to Grace H eller

,
o f Sac City I owa , , ,
i n which locality her bi rth ocu rre d They maintai n a p leasant and hos .
p i t ab l e abode and are happy in the possession o f hosts o f f riends .
M r Colwell i s one o f the most p rominent membe rs o f the Frate rnal

.
Orde r o f E agles evi dence o f h is popula rity i n the organi zation being
,
the fact that he i s now se rving hi s fi fth term as deputy grand pre si dent .
H e ha s assi ste d i n organizing many lodge s th roughout hi s district H e .
’
i s al so a member o f the D ayton s B lu ff Comme rcial Club He i s p re si .
dent o f the M ounds Park I mp rovement Association wh ich was recently ,
organi zed M r Colwell bei ng the fi rst p resident The Obj ect o f thi s
, . .
league i s clea rly exp ressed upon its membership application blanks a s ,
follows
The pu rpose o f th i s organi zati on shal l be the banding together o f the
re si dents o f M ound s Park an d vicinity fo r the study and di scussion o f
“
all question s relati ng to the advancement o f thei r i nterests such as the set ,
t l e m e n t o f t h e di strict transpo rtation facil itie s fi re an d pol ice p rotection

, , ,
lighting o f streets an d homes gradi ng and improvements i n streets when ,
nece ssary good road s stree t c rossings the suppre ssion o f nu isance s the
, , , ,
procu ring o f bette r e ducational f a c i l i t i e s an d all matters pertai ning to

the gene ral publ i c wel fare o f thi s distri ct .
M r Colwel l was born an d reared in th e D emocratic party but hi s fine

.
,
broad mi ndedness a mark characte ri stic has made him i ndependent and
, , ,
he endeavors to support the man and the measure most l ikely to p rove
the f riend o f the peopl e .
J OH N A W I LL W E RS C H E ID I n all large communities every l ine o f

. .
endeavor i s l ikely to be rep resente d and all requi re di f ferent grades o f ,
abil ity to prosecute them p roperly NO l ine o f work requi res more tact .
or consi de rati on for the feel ings o f o th e r s t h an doe s that connected w ith
the undertaking bu si ness The records o f St Paul M innesota show. .
, ,
that the fune ral di rectors o f that city are ful ly abreast o f modern s c i e n
t i fic p rogress and di scovery an d that the men bel onging to this one o f
, ,
the most important o f the pro fessi ons rank with the foremost i n the ,
state One o f the leading undertake rs o f S t Paul i s M r John A VV i ll

. . . .
w e r s c h e i d o f N o 4 58 St Pete r street who has been engaged i n bu si

, . .
,
nes s here for a numbe r o f years H e was born i n thi s city June 2 4 .
, ,
1 8 60 ,
and i s a son o f A dam and Christina ( H ilge rs ) Wi llwerscheid ,
natives o f Germany .
Adam VV i l l w e r s c h e i d came to the United States as a youth and hi s ,
w i fe when about t e n years o f age and they w ere married i n Chicago , .
whe re for some years the fathe r followe d the trade o f carpente r and ,
l ater became a h otel keepe r I n about 1 8 56 the fam ily came to St Paul
-
. .
,
w he re M r Willwe rschei d again took up carpentry and th i s continued

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,
to be hi s occupation until hi s death i n 1 869 when he was bu rie d i n Cal ,
vary cemetery H i s w i dow sti ll survive s a t the age o f seventy seven

.
,
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y ears a n d resi des in the re sidence i n St

. Paul where John A VV i l l . .
w e r s c h e i d l ived until h i s marriage .

ST PAU L A N D V I C I N I TY
. 7 21
John A Wi llwerschei d received h i s education in the parochial school

.
at St Paul which he le ft at the age o f twelve years to enter the employ

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,
o f the P ioneer Printing Company servi ng an apprenticeship to the book ,
bi nding trade H e conti nued wi th thi s fi rm for sixteen years and i n

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,
1 8 8 7 he entered the C athol ic B ook store and the undertaking busi ness at
4 2 44 West N inth street f rom whence he move d to hi s p resent quarters

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,
M r Willwerschei d has been a ffi l iated with the M innesota Funeral D i

.
rectors Association for about fi ftee n years duri ng which time he has
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served as secretary fo r seven years and as p resi dent o f the organiza

tion one year He i s a membe r o f the state boa r d o f e xaminers the d u
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,
ties o f which are to exami ne and license embalmers an d a position wh ich ,
he has h eld for eight years He i s treasurer o f the National Funeral .
D i rectors Association to w hich h e was elected in the fall o f 1 91 0

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, ,
during the past ten or twelve years has attended al l nationa l meetings as
representative o f the M innesota associati on I n pol iti cal matters he i s .
a De mocrat but he has never been a n o ffic e seeker although he was ap

,
-
pointe d a member o f the board o f fi re commi ssioners i n 1 91 0 and now ,
serves as presi dent thereo f He i s a membe r o f the Knights o f Colum .
bus ; a charter member o f the C athol ic O rder o f Foresters o f which he ,

’
was fi rst secretary ; and a member o f St Peter s B enevolent Society .
an d St Clements B enevolent S ociety o f Assumption Parish i n which

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’
he has been bapti zed confirmed and marrie d , .
On June 2 8 1 883 M r Willwerschei d was married to M i ss E ugenia

, ,
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Metzger who was born in St Paul M innesota daughte r o f Frank and

, .
, ,
Loui sa ( B o e d i gh e i m e r ) Metzger M r and Mrs Willwerschei d h ave .

_
. .
had the follow ing chi l dren : Frank w ho died at the age o f seventeen ,
years Paul and Leo who died i n i n fancy Law rence educated i n the ,
parochial school and the Creti n h igh schoo l and who since the age o f
, ,
eighteen years has been assi sting hi s father i n business ; Jeanette Grace ,
a graduate o f St Joseph s Academy resi ding at home ; Norbert who i s

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a student i n a l aw school C harlotte a graduate o f S t Joseph s Acad , , .

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emy ; E dith an d Mary who are attending that academy ; and John and E u ,
g en e w h o are students i n the parochial school The pleasant family

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home i s located at N o 3 7 5 In gl eh a r t avenue M r Willwerschei d car . . .
r ie s a large l ine o f u n d e r ta k i n g s u ppl i es and has every equipment nec ‘
e ssary for digni fie d an d e ffi cient funeral di recting He has been suc .
c e s s f u l i n hi s business enterpri ses because he possesses the qualities which

bring success— good j udgment business faculty a high sense o f honor , ,
and a j ust appreciation o f the rights o f others .
L EO S L A M M A fter a long an d use ful career spent i n mercantile

. .
pu rsuits du ring which he built up an enviabl e reputation for i ntegrity

,
a n d upright method s o f doing bu si ness Leo S Lamm i s now l iving a ,

.
1 e t i r e d l i fe at No 2 52 5 Aldrich avenue M i nneapol i s M r Lamm was

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,
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born July 2 3 1 86 1 at Mankato Blue E arth county M innesota and i s a

, , , , ,
son o f Stephen and Caroline ( S te l t em i e r ) L amm He grew to manhood .
i n hi s native place attendi ng the parochial school s until he was fi fteen

,
y ears o f age at which t i me he entered the State Normal School an d a fter

, ,
two years o f attendance i n that institution became collecto r i n the Fi rst .
Nationa l Bank o f M ankato being later promote d to the position o f book ,
keeper .
Du ring the fall o f 1 88 5 M r Lamm engage d i n the h ardware business .
with his brother—i n —law continu ing therein until January 1 1 88 7 and , , ,
then became a partner in a furniture busine ss w ith which he was asso ,

7 22 S T PAU L AN D V I C I N I TY
.
c i ated unti l January 1 1 897 On June 1 1 88 6 M r Lamm had been,

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married at M ankato to M i ss T ill ie Klein a daughte r o f J ohn Klein hi s , ,
partner a n d they had fou r sons : William G Alphonso A Vincent

,
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,
d e P a u l and G regoi re I M rs L amm di ed June 2 2 1 897 Whi le he was

. .
, .
engage d in the furniture bu siness M r Lamm purchase d the greater .
part o f hi s stock f rom the Luge r Fu rniture Company and the daughte r ,
o f John L uger S r M i ss M innie C L uger was at that time a f requent

,
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,
vi sitor o f the daughter o f M r Klein I n thi s way she became acquai nte d . .
w ith M r Lamm and on N ovembe r 1 5 1 898 they were married i n M inne

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a p o l i s to which c ity he r fathe r had moved during that year

,
On Janu .
ary 1 1 897 M r L amm sol d hi s inte rest i n the furniture business and
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,
w ith h is fathe r engaged i n deal ing in real estate and loans thi s associ a ,
tion continuing until the death o f the father March 2 3 1 904 since which , , ,
time Leo S L amm has been executor o f the estate The family move d
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from Mankato to M inneapol i s i n July 1 909 Three son s have been born ,
.
to M r and M rs L amm namely : No rbe rt L eo Hugo Clement an d George

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E dward .
M r L amm i s a Democ rat i n pol itical matters but has never cared for
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publi c offi c e H e was reare d i n the faith o f the Cathol i c church i n which
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,
he w as confi rme d at the age o f fourteen years and h e i s now a membe r ,
o f the Cathol ic Orde r o f Foresters an d the Benevolent S ociety o f St .
Peter an d Paul Formerly he was connecte d w ith the C ommercial Club

.
o f M ankato .
M rs Lamm was born at Wabasha M inne sota and receive d he r educa

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, ,
tion at the S i sters Convent at that place unti l she was seventeen years o f
age at which time she accompanied the family to N orth St Paul M rs
, . . .
Luge r the wi dow o f John L uge r S r was about twenty th ree years o f
, ,
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,
~
age when she came to America Her fathe r ha d p recede d the family to .
thi s country landing at N ew York City a fte r a stormy voyage o f 1 00

,
days an d it had been agreed that hi s w i fe and ch il dren shoul d meet him
,
i n that city Th rough some cau se or other howeve r the w rong ticket
.
, ,
ha d been secu red for them an d while thei r trip only laste d si xty one days ,
-
they landed at New O rleans Here the mother and youngest chi ld con .
tracted chol e ra and the latte r died I n the meantime the father had gone
, .
to Dubuque I owa where he was traced a fter some time by the B oard
, ,
o f I n formation i n N ew O rlean s an d eventual ly he came for hi s family ,
and took them to Dubuque .
B oth the L amm and L uger famil ies are well and favorably known
th roughout thi s part o f M inne sota and members the reo f have been
prominent in the bu siness world publ ic l i fe a n d the p ro fessi ons M r ,
. .
L amm although not now actively engaged i n bu siness finds h i s time fully
, ,
’
occupi ed by the dutie s i nci dental to executing h i s fathe r s large e state ,
but manages to i nterest himsel f i n all m ovements tending to advance hi s

section and i s known as a chari table an d public spi rited ci ti zen
,
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D F R E D E R I C K J O H N M IT C H E LL Saint Paul numbers among her

R . .
citizen s D r Frederick Joh n Mi tchell physician and su rgeon He was

.
, .
born i n Ri chland Cente r Wisconsin on the 1 7 th o f July 1 8 79 Very , , ,

.
p robably he inherited h i s predilecti on fo r the medical p ro fessi on fo r hi s ,
fathe r was a physician and hi s m other was the daughte r o f a physician .
Du ring a period o f forty yea rs D r George Ray M itchell has followed .
hi s p ro fe ssion i n Richl and Center a n d i s still i n active p ractice The .
mai den name o f hi s w i fe was L aura D odge and at the time o f he r death ,
M rs M itchell was t h i r ty e i gh t years ol d Five ch il dren were born to

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7 24 ST . PAU L AND V I CI N ITY
and p receded h i s pre sent activity by several years i dentification w ith the
rea l estate business In additi on to hi s othe r reasons for prominence he
.
i s e xceedingly well known i n Odd Fellow ship being past grand master ,
o f the M innesota Gran d Lodge .
Sumner A Farnsworth i s a native o f B ri stol Wi sconsin where hi s

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eyes fi rst opene d to the light o f day on N ovember 2 6 1 8 52 H i s parents ,

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,
J oel an d M ary Farnsworth w ere o f N ew E ngland parentage but came , ,
to the northwest some time be fore hi s bi rth The father i s now l ivi ng .
at the age o f ninety three yea r s making hi s home at Sheldon I owa To

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the public schools o f River Fall s Wi sconsin i s M r Farnsworth indebted , , .
fo r h i s early education He subsequently matriculated in the River Fall s

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State N ormal School where he complete d hi s work i n 1 8 7 6 although

, ,
he di d not graduate unti l 1 896 some twenty years lat er A t the age o f ,
.
e ighteen M r Farnsworth began upon h i s caree r as a teacher occupying

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,
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the pedagogu e s desk i n a country school From that time on he had .
many positi ons o f trust and h i s work ever gave general sati s facti on He .
was superintendent o f school s at River Falls W isconsin from 1 8 7 6 to , ,
1 8 7 7 ; hel d a l ike position at B rainerd M innesota in 1 8 7 7 — 8 and 1 880 ; , ,
at Crookston i n 1 88 2 —3 ; and at Ada i n 1 884 1 88 5 and 1 88 6 I n 1 88 6 he ,

.
accepte d the p os ition o f p rinc ipal o f the C levelan d school at St Paul and .
hi s w onder fully fruit ful labors i n that capacity continued to January ,
1 907 . Fo r eight years he w as chai rman o f the legi slative committee o f

’
th e State Teachers A ssoci ati on an d he was p resi dent o f both the M i nne
sota E ducational A ssociati on and the St Paul Teachers Association .
’
H i s name w ill long be a ssociated with the secu ring o f the district high
school system i n St Paul i n which campaign he was a p rime move r and
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,
he was active i n that fiel d even a fte r qu i tting school work I n January .
,
1 90 7 he entered the real e state business an d engage d i n that l ine o f e n

,
d e a v o r until 1 9 1 0 i n which year h e was electe d to the o f fic e o f city

,
treasure r which he now adorns

, .
A 10cal publ ication i n speaking o f the record o f M r Farnsworth r e .
fe rs to him i n the follow ing warm a nd convincing te rms '
“
Many strong quali ficati ons commended S umner A Farnsworth to .
the confi dence and favor o f the publ i c i n hi s candi dacy for the offi ce o f
city treasu rer at the last city election He was known to be a gentleman .
o f strict i ntegrity and b road culture H i s admi ni strative abi lity had been .
demonstrate d i n valuable publ ic service as p rincipal o f the Cleveland

school in St Paul fo r a period o f about twenty years Business cap acity
. .
o f a high order had mark ed hi s course as a membe r o f the real estate

firm o f Farnsworth Campbell w ith o ffices i n the cou rt block He had
,
.
made mani fest hi s deep an d abi ding interest i n the wel fare an d p rogress
o f S t Paul an d eve rybody was familia r with hi s obl iging di sposition
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,
courtesy o f manne r an d genuine consideration f or the rights and the

feelings o f others H ere were honesty abil ity e fficiency publ ic spi rit
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an d assu rance that coul d be rel ie d on for rigi d p rotection o f every public
i nterest and o f fai r and genteel t reatment for all pe rson s o f eve ry class
an d c ondition who m ight have business w ith the c ity treasu rer s o ffice ’
.
What more coul d the people ask ? They showed by thei r verdict at the
poll s that they considered these enough and by h i s cou rse i n the o ffi ce
M r Farnsworth has greatly strengthened and i ntensi fied thei r conv ictions
. .
H e has been faith ful to every duty and intell igent an d fi rm i n the pe r
f o r m an c e o f all .
M r Farnsworth has al ways associated with the Republican party but

.
,
he i s i ndependent i n local pol itics supporting w homever he bel ieves w ill ,

ST . PAU L A ND V I CI N I TY 7 25
be most e ff ective i n advancing the interests o f the whole o f soci ety He .
i s well belove d i n O dd Fellow ci rcles and has belonge d to the order eve r
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since he attained to hi s maj ority H e was grand master o f M innesota m .
1 903 was grand representative in 1 904 5 and i s at p resent grand senior

,
warden o f the Grand E ncampment H e j oined the ranks o f the anci ent .
-
and augu st M asoni c order i n 1 896 has attaine d to Scotti sh Rite h onors ,
and 1 3 past s eni or warden o f S t Paul L odge No 3 .

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On Octobe r Mi ss E liza L Gross daughte r o f William .

,
Gross became the bride o f M r Farnswor t h thei r marr i age bei ng cele
, .
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b r a t e d at Glyndon M innesota The Gross fam ily i s prominent and highly

, .
respecte d and her parents were among the territorial pioneers The sub _ .
j ec t and his W i fe are f avorites in thei r circle and maintai n a hospitable

home They have no children
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KE N N E TH C L ARK for a number o f years a leader in financial and

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industri al ci rcles i n St Paul i s a lineal descendant O f an old an d honored

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,
N ew York fami ly one o f hi s ancestors being Peter Schuyler an early gov

, ,
e r n o r o f old N ew York H e was born at Fort Plain N ew York i n 1 8 47

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, , ,
and is the s o n o f William and Anna Maria ( Neu k e r c k ) Clark both natives ,
o f that state The mother as well as the fathe r was descended from Hol
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, ,
land Dutch ancestry an d many o f the sterling traits which have marked
,
the character o f thei r son Kenneth Clark are directly attr ibutabl e to
, ,
th is fi ne ol d strai n o f blood .
The early education o f M r Clark was acqui re d i n N ew Haven Con .

,
n e c t i c u t an d i n Union College at Schenectady

y N ew York from the latter , ,
o f which he was graduated w ith the class o f 1 869 I n t h e following year .
he came to St Paul where he took up the study o f law although he

.
, ,
neve r engaged i n its practice, becoming instead i nterested in mercantile , ,
matters as a result o f hi s partnership w ith C C D e Co s t e r t h e firm being

, . .
,
.
known as D e Co s t e r Clark A few years l ater he became an important

.
factor i n financial ci rcles in St Paul having in 1 892 been made v ice .

,
president o f the Capital B ank Hi s i d e n t i ficat i o n w ith the M erchants .

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National B ank dates from the year 1 897 wh en he was chosen vice —p resi ,
dent I n the same year he was furt h e r hono re d by hi s election to the

.
p resi dency o f thi s i nstitution which i s recogni zed as one o f the strong
,
financi al concerns in the city its position and standing in moneye d ci rcles
,
being well known .
In addition to these o f fices M r Clark i s p resi dent o f the St Paul . .
B ethel a charitable institution for which he has done much ; o f the St

, .
Paul C attle L oan Company an d vice p resident o f the St Paul Gas Com -
.
pany trustee o f the Northwest Trust Company and vi ce president o f the

,
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State Savings B ank o f St Paul I n addition he i s a director o f the

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,
American E xchange Bank o f Duluth and i n all these o ffi ces o f imp ortance ,
and responsibi lity hi s services have eve r been o f an o r d e r c a l c u l a t e d to

'
result to the highest interests o f the various i nstitutions The possession .
by h im o f unusual qualities o f initiative j u dgment a n d foresight an d thei r ,
j udiciou s exerci se in his variou s activities have placed him i n the f ront
rank o f financial and commerci al ci rcle s i n St Paul and h is ste rl ing .
character combined with hi s admirable bu siness abil ity have given him
,
, ,
a power and p restige which has been resultant o f much 1 n the way o f the
_
development o f St Paul And i t i s not too much to say that fewy i f any
. .
,
have been privileged to do more for the city in that respect than h as M r .
Clark .
7 26 S T PAU L A N D V I CI N ITY
.
The Republican party has always held the unswerving allegiance o f

M r Clark and he i s a membe r o f the H ouse o f Hope Presbyterian
.
,
church as well as a membe r o f its board o f trustees H e i s a member

,
.
o f h is college f raternity the Chi Psi and o f Summi t L odge No 1 63 o f, ,

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the Ancient Fre e Accepted M asons He i s al so a membe r o f the Society .
o f C olonial Wars to which he i s eligible to membership by reason o f hi s

,
early Ame rican ancesto rs who in the hi story o f young America bore
v a l i a n t parts in the conquest o f th e wil derness and so lai d the foundation
fo r that wonderful development which has been the work o f later genera
ti ons and i n w hich M r Clark i n hi s gene ration has done so much
, .
, ,
.
M r Cla rk was united i n marriage i n 1 8 7 2 with M iss A l ice G G il

. .
c hrist a native o f B rooklyn Ne w York and the daughte r o f Andrew and

, , ,
Kate Gilch ri st .
GE BH A RD B OH N Comi ng to America with only a smattering o f

the E ngli sh language a rriving i n M innesota a bareheaded penni le ss
, , ,
youth accept i ng subordinate positions unti l h e coul d gain knowledge o f

,
the cu stoms and methods o f the busi ness people o f the Unite d States ,
wo rking hi s way to a position o f i nfluence and a ffluence only to see hi s

fortune swept out o f h is grasp and then nothing daunted ri sing again , , ,
to p rosperity through hi s own shee r gri t and persi stent e ff ort — such has ,
been the caree r o f Gebhard B ohn p resi dent o f the White E namel R e ,
f r i g e r a t o r C ompany o f St Paul M innesota and a m a n who for more .

, ,
than thi rty years has been intimately assoc iated w ith the best busine ss
i nterests o f the city M r Bohn was born at Immenhau sen Hessen
. .
,
Cassel Germany May 1 1 1 8 54 an d i s a son o f Adam and E l izabeth

, , , ,
( D ietz ) B ohn .
M r B ohn attended the vi llage schools o f hi s native place unti l he

.
was twelve years o f age at which time h e went to Hers feld attending , ,
the i nstitution at that ci ty until he was fi fteen He then became a stu .
dent i n the p olytechni c school at Cassel and there took a course for ,
p ractical l i fe being e ducated i n German E ngl ish French and Lati n and
,
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, ,
taking a thorough cou rse i n mathemati c s and mechanics He was grad .
u a t e d at the age o f e ighteen years and soon therea fte r starte d for the ,
Unite d States two o f hi s brothe rs and two sisters havi ng p receded h im

,
to thi s country and resi ding at Wi nona M inne sota He embarked as a , .
steerage passenge r and a fte r fou rteen days reached the United State s
, ,
but on getting as far a s Bu ff al o N ew Yo rk found that the money chang , ,
e rs had cheate d him and he was w ithout funds and so hungry that he
,
was compelled to ask a strange r for five cents with which to buy a smal l
pi e an d he has o ften since declared that n o food has tasted so good in
,
hi s l i fe On the train coming f rom Bu f falo M r Bohn had hi s hat

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, .
stol en wh ile he was asleep and so w ithout money o r head gear he ar , ,
rived i n Winona Although able to read w rite and translate the E ng

.
,
l i sh language M r B ohn wa s unable to speak it fluently and at fi rst se

, .
,
cu red employment at pull ing lumbe r f rom the river and pil ing i t and ,
a fte r about fou r months o f th i s ki n d o f work he had p icked up the E ng

l i sh language E ventually he secured a position i n a bank w riting
.
,
up the bank books and at the end o f a year had been p romote d to c o l
,
l ector and general correspondent Du ring thi s t ime h e had al so started .

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to keep book s for hi s brother who was engaged i n the manu facture o f ,
sash and doors and when he l e ft the bank he gave all o f hi s time to ai d
,
i ng hi s brothe r who had enlarged hi s plant and remained w ith him fo r

, ,
two years .
S T PAU L AN D VI C I N ITY
.
Th e
Republi ca n party has always held t he un swer vi ng allegiance o f
M r C la rk an d he is a member o f the H ouse o f Hope Presbyt erian
.
,
chu rch as well as a mem b e r o f its boar d o f t ru stees He i s a membe r

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o f h i s coll eg e f i a te r p i t y the C hi Psi an d o f Summit L odge No 1 63 o f , ,

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the Ancient l 0 5 ; Ac e pted Masons He i s al so a membe r o f the Society

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1 c
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1 .
o f Colonial w i th “ he i s el igible to m embe rshi p by reason o f hi s

1. .1 .
early An u s an as who in the hi story o f young America bo re i

'
va l i a n t an t il t o n q ue s t o f t he wi lderness and so lai d the foundation

.
r
{ 1
m m d e r f u l d evelopment whi ch has been the work o f later genera
il i n d i n 11 h ich M r Clark in his generati on has done so much
’
u a . .
, ,
i r ( u rk wa s uni ted in marriage in 1 87 2 with M i ss Al ice G Gil

.
_
. l .
uh i f Brooklyn New Yo rk and the daughte r o f Andre w and

-
t s o
, ,
1 B O H N Coming to A merica w it h only a smatte ring o f

. H I A RD .
Engli sh langu age a n 1v 1 n g in M innesota a b areheade d penniless , , ,
yo uth accepting subordi nate posi tions until he coul d gain knowledge o f
.
the cu stoms a n d method s o f the bu siness people o f the United S tate s ,
working his way to a positi on o f i nfluence and a ffluence only to see hi s

fo rtune swept out o f h is grasp and the n nothing daunted risi ng again , , ,
to p rosperi ty through h is o wn shee r gri t and persi stent e ff ort —such has ,
been the c aree r o f Gebhar d B ohn p res ident o f the White E namel R e ,
f r i g e r a t o r C ompany o f S t Paul M innesota and a man who fo r more

’
.
. , ,
than thi rty yea rs has been i n t i m a tel y as s o c i at e d w ith the be st business
i nterests o f the ci ty M r Bo hn w as born at Immenhau sen Hess en . .
,
Cassel Germ a ny May 1 1 1 8 54 and i s a son o f A dam and E l izabet h

, , , ,
'
( D iet z ) Bohn :
M r Bohn attende d the vi llage schools o f h is na t i ve place until he

.
was twelve years o f age at whic h tim e he went to H e rsfel d attend ing , ,
the i nsti tution at that city unti l he was fi fteen He then became a stu .
d ent i n the polytechni c school at Cassel a n d there took a course fo r

‘
pract ical l i fe b ei ng e d ucated in Ge r m an E ngli sh French an d L atin and

, , ,
ta k ing a thorough course in mathemati cs an d mechan ics H e was grad .
na f ed at the age o f eighteen ye a rs and s o o n t h e r ea f te r started fo r the

’
U nite d S tate s two o f h is brother s and two si ste rs having p receded h im

,
to thi s country and resi ding at W i n ona M i nnesota He embarked as a , .
s teerage passenger and a f t u f o u r t t e n days reached the Un ited States

, ,
but on getting as far as Bu f fa lo N ew Y 0 1 k found that the money cha n g ,
e rs had cheated him and he was u i t h o u t funds and so hungry that he ,
was compelled to ask a stranger for five ce nts with wh ich to buy a smal l
pi e and he has o fte n s ince decl ared that no food has tasted so good i n
,
h i s l i fe On the train com ing from Bu f alo M r B ohn had hi s hat

.
, .
stolen while he was asleep and s o w i thout money or head gear he ar , ,
ri v ed i n Wi nona Although able to read w ri te and translate the E ng

.
,
li sh langu age M r Bohn was u nable to speak i t fluently and at first se

. .
,
cu red employment at pull ing lumbe r from the river an d pil ing i t and ,
a fte r a bout fou r m onths o f thi s ki nd o f w ork he had p icked up the E ng

l ish la n guage E v e n tu a l l x he secu red a positi on i n a bank w r i t i ng
.
,
up the bank book s an d at the en d o f a year had been p romoted to c o l

lector an d general cor r e s p 1 11 dent Du r ing thi s time he had al so started 1
.
.
to k eep books fo r his In oth er who was engaged in the manu facture o f
sash an d doors and w hen h e l e ft the bank he gave all o f h is time to aid
,
.
ing hi s brothe r who had enl a r g e d hi s plant an d remained wi th h i m fo r

, ,
two years .
7 28 ST . P AU L A N D VI CI N I TY
M r B ohn i s a Republ ican i n pol itic s but i s not a pol itician W ith
. .
the e xception o f three times w hen he vote d for Grove r Cleveland , ,
he has always supporte d Republ ican candidates and has take n a keen i n
t e r e s t i n the success o f hi s party He was reared i n the Pre sbyte rian .
faith but during late years has attended the Luthe ran chu rch
, Fra .
t e r n a l l y he i s connecte d w ith the Ma sons having taken hi s fi rst degree ,
i n S t Paul w he re he has attained the thi rty second degree o f M asonry

.
,
-
.
Like othe r big men M r B ohn has hi s enemies but he has eve r been
,
.
,
respect ful o f the rights o f othe rs and hi s many warm pe rsonal f riends , ,
testi fy to h is popularity Sel f made possessing honorable bu sine ss p r i n

.
-
c i p l e s and associating himsel f only w ith those concerns whic h have c a r

,
rie d on business along stri ctly legitimate l ines M r Bohn i s known and , .
respected throughout the business ci rcles o f thi s section .
Five ch ildren have been born to M r an d M rs Bohn as follow s : . .

,
Gebhard C vice presi dent o f the White E namel Re frige rator Com
.
,
-
pany i s m arrie d and has f our sons ; Cora w i fe o f Walte r S Chase a

, , .
,
wel l known attorney o f M inneapoli s has th ree child ren ; I da who r e , ,
si des w ith he r parents ; Wi lliam ; and Anna livi ng also with her parents , .
Wi lliam B ohn forme rly vice —p resi dent o f the White E namel Re f rig
c rator C ompany i s now connected w ith the Northwestern Insulatin g
,
C ompany which was e stabli she d by the ol de r concern i n 1 909 and has
,
ten acres i n the plant at N orth Wabash between Raymond and Hamp ,
de n Railway at M innesota trans fe r There i s manu facture d the flax

, .
fel t u sed as i nsulating materi al a n d i n 1 9 1 0 the company use d $ 1 40 , ,
000 wo rth o f flax straw which formerly t h e farmers we re accustomed ,
to burn to be r id o f i t This new concern has grown rapidly B oth h i s

. .
sons G C a n d Will iam B B ohn are connected w ith the Re frigerato r

, . . .
,
Company an d the I nsulating Company and have contributed to the succe ss ,
o f both companie s .
J OS E P H B ART L E S M r Bartle s ancestors on both hi s fathe r s and

. .
’ ’
mothe r s si de came to thi s country be fore the Revolutionary wa r and

’
he has had all the advanta ges wh ich accrue to one f rom a l ong i nheritance
o f highmin de d fo re fathers a n d f rom the best which ou r modern c iviliza
’
tion c an o f fer i n th e way o f education and envi ronment H i s mothe r s .
mai den name was E liza Randall an d she wa s born i n the state o f N ew ,
Yo rk H er ance stors came to th i s country i n 1 648 an d settl e d i n Con

.
n e c t i c u t tak ing part i n the colonial wa rs and al so i n that o f the R e vo l u

,
tion The family o f which hi s fathe r was a descendant cam e f rom Ger
.
many to Philadelphia i n 1 752 and they too gave soldiers to the n e w

country both to fight the I ndians i n the colonial wars and to wi n the
i ndependence o f the nati on Charl es B artl es was born i n New Jersey .
,
i n M arch 1 80 1 and l ive d to the age o f eighty two H e was a success ful
, ,
-
.
lawye r and le ft a la rge e state .
J oseph B artl es w as born July 7 1 84 7 in Flemington New Jersey , , ,

.
He attended the famous p reparatory school at L awrenceville and ente red

the college to wh ich i t sends so many di stingui shed students M r Bartles . .
receive d hi s degree f rom P rinceton i n 1 868 and began hi s bu siness caree r

at Will iamsport Pennsyl vania whe re he was secretary for the Wh ite
, ,
Lead and C olor Wo rk s He remaine d with the fi rm fo r fou r years and.
then went into bu siness for himsel f i n the same town He established .
the J B artles
. Company Glue Works and conducted i t success fully unti l
1 8 8 2 when he sol d the busine ss and remove d to S t Paul
,
For one year . .
he was sec retary o f the M issouri River Transportation C ompany and then
. 7 29
engaged with the Standard Oi l Company and became thei r manage r at

Winnipeg C anada H ere he remaine d two years an d at the end o f that
,
.
period was assigned to the position o f assistant manage r for S t Paul and .
he kept this position unti l 1 88 7 whe n he resigned and went into the oil ,
busi ness for himsel f As a member o f the I ndependent O il Company .
M r Bartles engaged i n selling oi l on hi s own account until 1 8 92 when he

. ,
sold out and again returned to th e Standard O il Company For ten .
years he was general manager at St Paul and then he again l e ft that

"
.
corporation to form the Bartl es Oil Company w ith plants at Grand Forks , ,
N orth Dakota ; Waterloo I owa ; M ilwaukee Wi sconsin ; and Peoria , , ,
I llinois and with a capacity o f si x hundre d barrels a day The trade o f

,
.
the company was largely with the northwestern states Since 1 906 M r .
,
.
B artles has been engaged in fighting the Standard and through hi s e ff orts
has been success ful i n securing f rom the railroad comm i ssion such redue
tion i n clas si fi cation as w il l permi t competition and thus has done away
’
with the Standard s monopoly in the northwestern states There are .
now eighteen indep endent oi l companies in M inneapol is and St Paul and .
since 1 906 they have saved the people o f the northwest an annua l sum
o f at least $2 in M innesota N orth and S outh D akota , .
I n pol itics M r Bartles i s a p rogressive Repub l ican H e has been a

. .
membe r o f the E lks lodge for twenty tw o years and has filled a number’
-
o f the chai rs in that body He i s also a fli l i a ted w ith the K nights o f .
Pythias .
I n M ay 1 868 at Ne w York Ci ty M r Bartles was married to Mi ss

, , , .
Alma Houghton a native o f New York state A fter fourteen years thi s
,
.
union was dissolve d by the death o f M rs Bartles S he was the mothe r . .
o f three chi ldren who are all l iving at the p resent time Charles resi des .
at Grand Forks N orth Dakota and i s in the oil busi ness there Bessie
, , .
Bartles Hawke the wi fe o f D r W W Hawke re si des at Flemington

, . . .
, ,
New Je rsey L ucy M rs M anton Shepherd live s i n Waterloo I owa

.
, .
, , ,
where he r husbandyi s engaged i n the oil business I n 1 898 M r Bart l es . .
w a s marrie d to M i ss L ill ian M u l c ay who i s a native o f Huntington West , ,
Virginia but was a resi dent o f M inneapolis at the time o f her marriage
,
to M r B artles B oth o f the daughters Mrs Shepherd and M rs H awke

. .
,
. .
,
are members of the D aughte rs o f the American Revolution and perhaps

it i s not out o f place to say that as hi s ance stors fough t for pol itical
liberty Joseph Bar tles has fought for industrial f reedom and economic
’ “
opportunity in his generation whose nee d o f them i s not less than was ,
that o f the colonists for civi l l iberty .
S H E R MA N SE DGW I C K H ES S E L GM V E There are very few o f u s even .
in thi s age o f peace con ferences whose pul ses are not quickened at the
sound o f martial mu si c and the sight o f uni formed men marching under
streaming banners an d i f we know they ar e going to a battlefiel d our
,
emotion i s o f the sort which grips the very heart strings an d chokes our
utterances Thi s i s partly because o f our natural love o f pomp and ci r
.
c u m s t a n c e and partly because o f an inherited reverence for those who
fight for our l ives and ou r l iberties War Is a never— ending conditi on o f .
our existence ; the only chang e i s i n the enemy The dangers whi ch .
threaten u s now are not o f the sword o f the invader nor o f the revo lt o f
the dow ntro dden o f o u r people but o f ignorance and di sease and we ,
have a great and valiant army which fights those destroyers but they ,
march under no banners nor are they heralde d by booming drums and
shrilling fi f e s The code o f the etiquette o f thei r p ro fession forbi ds any
.
7 30 S T P AU L A N D V I C I N I TY
'
thing which savors o f publ i shing thei r deeds and yet they a re devoted
to fighting death i n every form and the i r battle i s not won at the sacri fice
o f othe r human li fe St Paul has a large and devote d band o f physicians
. .
whose work is an honor to the country and whose serv ices place them i n
the number o f the highest bene factors o f the race among w hom i s num ,
be re d Sherman S H es s e l g r av e . .
D r H es s el g r av e i s a native o f S ibl ey county M innesota and was

.
, ,
educated i n the publ i c school s o f St Paul He graduate d f rom the high . .
school in 1 89 1 and th ree years later rece ived hi s degree f rom the Uni
versity o f M innesota i n the department o f medicine While i n college .
he was a member o f the Nu S igma N u fraternity and i n the p ro fessional

societies he i s a member o f the county the state and the American ,
medical a ssoc iations From 1 896 to 1 900 he was the deputy corone r o f
.
Ram sey county .
I n the c ity clubs D r H e s s e l g r a v e i s assoc iated w ith the Commercial.
Club and belongs to the Recreati on C lub and the Automobi l ing Club .
H e i s also a membe r o f the Masonic order Pol itically he i s a Republ ican .
and i s deeply interested i n publ i c a ff ai rs although absorbed in hi s p ro ,
f es s i o n o f which he i s one o f the leading members i n the ci ty

,
.
I n 1 897 on June 1 D r H es s e l g r av e was marrie d to M is s M arie E , . .
G r e g e t o f St Paul , She wa s educated in the parochial school s and the

. .
V isitation convent She i s a membe r o f the Schubert Club Thei r re s

. .
i dence i s at 1 009 Lincol n avenue and the Doctor has hi s o fli c e in the

E ndicott building .
J OH N P JE L I N E K One o f the leading druggists o f the beauti ful

. .
M inne sota cap ital S t Paul i s Joh n Pete r Jelinek H is long an d suc
,
.
,
.
c e s s f u l caree r as a pharmaci st has entitled him to the leading place in

the p ro fession w hich he has chosen hi s election to the pre si dency o f the ,
S t Paul Retail D ruggi st A ssociation being cl osely followed by the M in

.
n es o t a State Pharmaceutical Association o f fering him the same high posi
tion o f hono r H e combi nes a thorough knowledge o f the technical side

.
o f hi s w ork with a keen business head and th i s combination has enabled ,
him i nstead o f remaining a humble clerk i n th e drug store o f another

,
man to own and manage n o t one but two thriving store s i n most desi rable
, ,
l ocations .
Although the greater part o f hi s l i fe has been spent i n thi s country an d

commonwealth M r Jelinek i s not by bi rth a native o f thi s country He
, . .
was born in Au stria on the 1 9th o f June 1 8 70 near Prague H i s father

, , ,
.
was Frank Jel inek and hi s mother was Anna ( N eider ) J el inek Au stria
, .
was al so the native country o f the father whose natal day w as M arch , ,
1 846 H e rece ive d a comm on school e ducation and upon grow ing to
.
,
manhood adopte d the trade o f a tailor I n the month o f N ovember 1 8 79 .

, ,
h e turned to Ame rica a s a haven o f re fuge to escape the monarchy and ,
oppression e xi sti ng i n Austria P re ferring to rai se his fam ily in America .
“ ”
the land o f the Free h e came to the United States November 1 87 9 and , , , ,
crossing hal f the continent he finally located i n N ew Prague M inne sota , ,

.
H ere h e pursued hi s even l i fe o f industry so success fully that he was e n

c o u r ag e d to try hi s fate i n a large r city so the follow ing year saw him set ,
t l e d i n St Paul I n the crowded an d arti fic ial conditions o f l i fe in

. . .
eastern E u rope M r Jelinek had foll owed the path that hi s father had.
trod be fore him and had foun d h i s religious l i fe i n the bosom o f the
,
Roman Catholic chu rch but now i n thi s cool northe rn country where , ,
the great w inds swept the broad prai ries all day w here ther e were long ,
.
exampl e o f the universal popularity o f th i s man coul d be given than the

above li st To be a welcome membe r 1n so many di ff erent group s speak s
.
well for the adaptability o f the man .
On the 2 n d o f M arch 1 897 M r Jel inek was marri ed to M i ss Helen , , .
M M Ris a daughter o f Gott f rie d Ri s and J o h an n et h a Ri s M r Ri s

. .
, . .
was a carpenter and contracto r who was born i n S witzerland i n 1 8 3 5 , ,

.
He was a veteran o f the Civil war having been a volunteer i n the Wi scon ,
sin Second L ight Artillery unde r Captain Be rger f rom whic h he received ,
an honorable discharge at the end o f h i s service At hi s death he was .
burie d w ith m il itary honors M r a n d M rs Jelinek have no children . . . .
M r Jel inek i s p roud o f the fact that he i s e ssentially a sel f made man
.
-
that he owes hi s success to no one but him se l f H is l i fe shoul d be a great .
encouragement to othe r young men o f foreign b irth to whom the country

seem s to o ff e r a cool f ront for he began w ith no one to back him w ith no , ,
m oney an d l ittl e encouragement and solely by hi s ow n e ff orts has rai se d ,
himsel f to his p resent position .
R OB E RT J C L AR K E Among the men o f enterp rise w ho have made

. .
success ful careers i n the commerc ial li fe o f St Paul one o f the best .
,
known i s M r Robert J Clarke the merchant and member o f the state

. .
,
legi slatu re H e has been i denti fie d w ith this city over a qua rte r o f a cen
.
tu ry and has enj oye d a steady advance in p rospe rity and i nfluence until
,
he i s one o f the leaders o f the commun ity .
M r Clarke i s a native o f I reland an d was born i n County Cork April

.
2 4 1 86 2
, H i s fathe r wa s Geo rge C larke who was born i n I reland i n 1 8 3 2
.
,
and die d i n 1 88 1 H e was a merchant an d farme r and a wel l known

.
cattle dealer being one o f the substantial citizens o f h i s community The

, .
mother was E li zabeth ( Pattison ) Clarke who was born i n I reland i n ,
1 8 3 4 and died m 1 88 1
, .
Robert J had school p rivi leges until he was thi rteen years ol d a t
.
,
tending the M odel school o f County Cork He then entered the service .
o f the West Cork Railway Company being assi stant station agent and r e , ,
mai ned i n the railway serv i ce seven years L eaving I reland i n 1 8 82 he .

,
spent seven months i n South Wales and then came to America i n 1 88 3 ,

.
He spent th e fi rst year i n farm work i n Wi sconsin and i n the sp ring o f ,
1 8 84 arrive d at S t Paul The beginning o f hi s career i n thi s ci ty was in

. .
the employ o f the M c M i l l a n Packing Company for a few months and he ‘
then entered the se rv ice o f the Canadian Pacific Rai lroad Returning to .
St Paul he has made th is city hi s resi dence ever since w ith the exception
.
,
o f eight m onths du ring 1 886 8 7 when he l ived i n Colora do From 1 888 -
, .
to 1 906 M r Clarke w as connecte d w ith the St Paul po s t o ffic e as mai l

. .
carrier and then resigne d to enter an i ndependent comme rcial caree r

,
.
’
The fi rm o f Regan Clarke Company clothing and men s fu rnishing
, ,
goods conti nued success fully i n thei r l ocation at 58 E ast Seventh street
,
’
unti l 1 909 when M r Clarke establ i shed a tailori ng an d men s fu rni sh ing
, .
bu si ness at 46 1 Wabasha street Thi s i s the fi rm o f Clarke Feinstein .

,
one o f the most popular shops o f the k ind i n the retail di strict .
M r Clark e i s one o f the influential Democrats o f the c ity and o n e o f

.
’
the active workers fo r the party s wel fare On thi s party ticket he was .
elected a membe r o f the state legi slature in 1 91 0 Fraternally he i s a .
membe r o f the Fraternal Order o f E agl es the Anc ient Orde r o f United ,
Workmen the A ncient O rder o f Hibernian s and the Loyal O rde r o f

, ,
M oose Through the North Central Commercial Club he lends hi s i n

.
.
ence He was one o f the di rector s o f the fi rst L i ederk ranz Society and
.
also the Germania S inging S ociety o f S t Paul and o f the Cathedral .

,
Church Choi r and schools Another connection linking him to the m u .
s i c a l hi story o f the c ity was his membership in the Musical Soci ety an d
the fi rst band ( Great Weste rn ) whi ch was conducte d by P ro fessor
George S eibert .
At the outbreak o f the C ivi l war M r Henninge r had opportunity to .
p rove the genu ineness o f hi s loyalty to hi s adopted country by enl i sting

i n de fense o f the p re servation o f the Union H is e nli stment wa s made .
at I ndianapol i s i n the E leventh I ndiana Regiment in the musical corp s ,
hi s commander being the late General L e w Wallace later to become so ,

’
famous as an author M r Henni nge r s regiment too k part i n many . .
notable engagements that w hich remains most v ivi dly i n hi s memory ,
being the battle o f Shiloh The Rebel army had surprised and nea rly .
’
surrounded G rant s army and the Fe derals had almost abandoned hope , ,
when at th e el eventh hour the ti de o f battle turne d f rom de feat to v i c

, ,
tory fo r the U nion I n that battle thousands o f the fl owe r o f Ameri

.
c a n manhood were slai n an d wounded M r H enninge r was mu stered . .
out Augu st 1 4 1 8 62 at H elena Arkansas and he subsequently returned

, , , ,
’
to h i s home i n I ndianapol i s At the time o f John M organ s rai d h e .
agai n pro ff ered hi s service s but hi s enl i stment was for only a short pe riod , .
Thi s u se fu l and honorable pi onee r citizen has since his earl iest ar
r ival here been closely i denti fied w ith the interests o f S t Paul and now .
,
i n the calmer days o f hi s reti rement he finds that he love s its i n s t i t u

tion s and that for him it i s the i deal place o f re si dence He has fo r .
,
three and one hal f years been work i ng on a new song an d has at last
-
, ,
” “
completed ( 1 9 1 2 ) the Glorious Star Spangled Banne r He has a .
number o f social musical and f rate rnal relations i n wh ich he takes a

,
great pleasure H e was a membe r o f the Great—

. Western B and and di
” ”
recto r o f the Li ederk ran z and the Germani a singing societie s and ,
’
i s a membe r o f the Mu sician s Un ion and al so the S ons o f H erman H e .
has neve r lost hi s i nte rest i n the comrades o f othe r days and renews
ol d association s as a member o f the German —American Veterans and
Garfield Post o f the G rand Army o f the Republ ic He i s a staunch .
adherent o f the Gran d Old Party and i s a member o f the E vangeli

c a l church .
I n 1 86 5 M r Henn inge r lai d the foundation o f what p roved a happy

.
househol d and congenial an d sympatheti c l i fe companionship by hi s

u nion w ith Be rtha Kue ste r daughter o f Rev Karl and Friederike , .
Kue ster o f I ndianapoli s Th is adm i rable woman who bore the subj ect
, .
,
nine sons an d daughters died in S t Paul i n 1 909 at the age o f sixty , .

,
three years Concerni ng t h e chi ldren the follow ing data are herewith
.
entered Arthu r born in I ndianapol i s in 1 866 died i n S t Paul i n 1 88 4

.
, ,
. .
Paul born i n St Paul i n 1 869 i s marrie d and re si des i n S t Paul h i s

, .
,
.
,
two children being H erbert and Al ice ; h e was for seventeen years in the
government servi ce M rs George D ahlberg born i n St Paul i n 1 8 7 1 . .
, .
,
resi de s in the city and i s the mothe r o f tw o chil dren Bertha and Ar ,
-
thu r D ahlberg He rman born i n th is city i n 1 8 74 i s married and r e

.
,
sides i n L os Angeles Cal i fo rnia w ith h i s family which i nclude s two , , ,
sons and a daughte r Sylvan Leroy an d D olora Jul iu s born June 9 , ,

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, ,
1 8 76 died i n 1 90 1
,
i n thi s ci ty Rudolph born i n 1 8 78 married and i s
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, , ,
the father o f th ree chil dren : Ru dolph J r Theodor and Ma rgaret E d , .

, .
w i n G born i n 1 88 1 in St Paul died i n 1 88 6 M i ss E ll a Augusta born

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Septembe r 1 7 1 88 5 re si des w ith her fathe r and i s prominent in sing

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ST .
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PAU L A ND VI CI N ITY 7 35
ing circles i n thi s city bei ng gi fted with a wonder ful voice The same , .
i s true o f he r younge r siste r D ora Amal ie born i n St Paul i n 1 889 , ,

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H M ARTI N J OH N SO N A success ful business man and well k nown

. .
citizen H M a r t i n J o h n s o n has won hi s position i n commercial a ff ai rs

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,
through his personal abil ity and industrious e ff orts Though not yet .
thi rty years o f age he i s secretary and one o f the active managers o f the ,
B odi n — Sundberg D rug Company the largest retail drug house in the city , ,
with five branch stores in di ff erent parts of the city .
M r Johnson i s a native o f St Paul born here April 2 7 1 88 3 a son o f

. .
, , ,
Frank and Martha Johnson who were both born i n Sweden but were ,
married in St Paul The fathe r settled in St Pau l i n 1 8 80 He i s a

. . . .
rai lroad man and for the past five years has been connected wi th the
Northern Paci fic O f the five children i n the family H M artin is the old.
, .
est Two died i n in fancy and his two brothers are Albin F and E mi l T
.
, . .
,
both o f whom were born in thi s city .
A fter atten d ing the public school s o f thi s city during hi s youth he
began hi s practical caree r in the employ o f the drug store o f J A B atto at . .
309 Jackson street where he was emp loyed five years Having determined, .
to follow thi s line o f business he had in the meantime studie d i n the ,
school o f pharmacy at M inneapol i s w here he w as graduate d as pharma ,
ci st i n 1 90 1 I n 1 903 he entere d the fi rm o f John Bodi n

'
. Company .
He m ade hi s services so valuable that on the death o f M r B odin in 1 906 .
and on the reorgani zation o f the company he became a member o f the

company known as the B odi n Sundberg D rug C ompany and has since -
been secretary The bu siness was incorporated w ith a capital o f twenty

.
fiv e thousand dollars and the other of ficial s are : V C Sundberg presi ,

. .
,
dent and tre asurer ; M rs H B odin vic e p resi dent and C J Rudeen and . .
,
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A T Sundberg directors The store s o f this company are located as

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,
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follows : 3 29 E ast Seventh S treet 88 1 Payne avenue 1 1 1 0 Payne avenue _ , , ,
8 7 9 Rice street and a branch store for the hospital at corner o f N inth
,
an d Wacouta M r Johnson i s manager o f the store at the corner o f

. .
Payne avenue and Jessami ne street Whe n he first began i n the drug .
business he was a poor boy w ith only h i s own character and persevering
i ndustry as ai ds to advancement and it i s no small achi evement to have ,
placed himsel f i n so few years among the independent bu siness men o f

this c ity .
H e is al so a public spi rited c itizen an active Republ ican and represents -
, ,
the first ward o f the c ity on the city an d county Republican committee .
He i s a member o f the finance committee o f the Ramsey C ounty Prog

_
r e s s i ve L eague an d i s one o f the young leaders in civi c a n d political a d

,
vancement He was one o f the organizers and i s a member o f the E ast

.
S ide Commerci al Club Fraternally hi s a f filiation i s w ith M ontgomery .
Lodge No 2 58 A F , A M being a trustee o f the lodge and a member

.
, . . . .
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o f Jewel Chapte r Royal A rch Masons H e was manager o f M aple Camp , .

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N o 54 53 M W A a charter membe r o f the Current Topics Club a

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charter member o f the Payne avenue L odge Loyal Order o f M oose a , ,
member o f the Moder n B rotherhood o f America and one o f the or ganizers ,
an d a member o f the B oard o f D i rectors o f St Paul D rug Club H is

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church i s the E ngli sh Lutheran .
M rs Johnson i s a membe r o f the M aple L ea f Camp Royal Neighbors

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the L adies Ai d S oci ety o f the Arlington H i ll s Lutheran church an d the

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L adies Auxil iary o f the E ast S ide Cambri dge C lub

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7 36 ST . P AU L A N D V I CI N I TY
M r J ohnson own s a com fortable and attractive home at 6 1 4 E ast

.
Jessam ine street H e was marrie d i n thi s city on Novembe r 1 2 1 906

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, ,
to Mi ss Mari e Peterson S he was born i n St Paul N ovember 5 1 88 4 . .

, , ,
a daughte r o f M r and M rs Jacob Peterson M r and M rs John son are

. . . . .
parents o f two chi ldren : H owa rd Ma rtin born August 20 1 90 7 ; and , ,
E lai ne born May 2 6 1 91 1

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M A x ER N ST R OB E RT TO L Tz The To l t z E ngine ering Company o f St . .
Paul o f which M r To l tz i s p resident i s the largest fi rm o f general e n

, .
,
g i n ee r s i n the no rthwest and its bu sine ss extends to all parts o f the ,
Unite d States and Canada The founde r and head o f thi s fi rm has had an .
unusual record o f service as a rail road an d gene ral engineer Thirty .
years ago when h e fi rst came to America though he possessed a p r o f es

, ,
s i o n a l degree he was enti rely w ithout capital and he began h i s career i n

, ,
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thi s countr y as a common labo rer fo r day s wage s i n a stone quarry .
When the opportunity for p ro fessional se rvice di d come he quickly p roved ,
hi s worth and has advance d from one grade o f success and responsibil ity
,
to anothe r u nti l he i s among the ablest engi nee rs o f the country and so
consi dered at the pre sent time .
Max To l t z was born i n Germany o n the 2 d o f September 1 8 57 a , , ,
s o n o f Herman and M alvi na ( Beil fuss ) To l t z Hi s father was a mer .
chant i n the old country an d died i n 1 86 7 being surv ive d by hi s w i fe ,
until 1 896 From the publ ic school s o f Germany M r To l t z entered the

. .
Royal Polytechnikum at Be rlin w he re he w as graduated w i th the degree ,
o f Civi l E nginee r i n 1 8 7 8 at th e age o f twenty one As a German youth ,

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he serve d in the national army wi th the Rail road Regiment an d at h i s , ,
di scharge had the rank o f second l ieutenant .
I n 1 88 1 he came to America an d soon a fter h i s arrival i n St Paul he ,

.
was employed by the St Paul M inneapoli s M an itoba Railroad now .

, ,
the Great Northern continuing in rail road service for over twent y years
, ,
unti l 1 903 He then resi gned but at once became i denti fie d w ith the
.
,
Canadian Pacific unti l At the latte r date he was made vice p resi
dent a n d general manage r o f the M anistee Gran d Rapi ds Railroad an ,
o ffice he hel d until 1 908 S i nce that time he has se rve d as consulting e u .
g i n e e r fo r a number o f rail road l ine s I n M ay 1 9 1 0 he organized and .

, ,
became p resi dent o f the To l t z E ngineering Company M r R E Stenton . . . .
’
i s treasu re r o f the company an d W E King sec retary The company s . . .
o f fices are i n the Pioneer building but thei r service s in general engineer ,
i n g are engage d i n many parts o f th e country .
M r To l t z i s an esteemed member o f the American S ociety o f Civil

.
E nginee rs the American Society o f Mechanical E ngi nee rs the Railway

, ,
M aste r M echanic s Association a n d the St Paul E ngineers Club I n polit . .
ical p inciple he i s a Republ ican but give s hi s support to the best man
r
,
regardless o f party H e i s a f fil iated w ith Landmark L odge N o 5 A F

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,
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, . .
A M at St Paul an d i s al so a thi rty second degree Mason and a

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,
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,
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S hrine r He i s al so a member o f the M innesota Club and the Un iversity

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Club o f St Paul H e has always been inte rested i n mi litary a ff ai rs and

. .
,
i n 1 900 he organ i zed and became captai n o f a compan y o f engineers i n

the National Guard Thi s company has since been turned into Battery C
.
o f the Fi rst Fiel d A rtillery o f the National Guard o f M innesota M r . .
To l t z hold s now the position o f E nginee r o fli c e r w ith the rank o f Captai n , .
At S t Paul on the 1 7 th o f M a y 1 8 8 3 M r To l t z married M i ss Amal ia

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Krahme r a daughte r o f E F Krahmer w h o was a native o f Ne w Ulm

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numbe r o f years chie f o f the cu stom house at S u n d va ll S we den an d , ,
hi s ance sto rs have been m ini ste rs o f the S wedish chu rch since the year
1 718 .
Pro fessor Ahlqui st was reare d to manhood i n Stockholm and besides ,
the publ ic and p riv ate school s o f that city he attended high school an d
was p repared for a collegiate course For several years he was engaged .
i n gardening an d on M arch 1 8 1 88 5 was married to M iss E mma J ohn

, , ,
son who was born on a farm some m ile s f rom the S wedi sh capital
,
.
While follow ing gardening M r Ahlqui st became intere ste d in massage , .

,
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hi s b rother s wi fe being a p ractitione r and one o f the first to take up that
p ro fessi on i n Swe den and w hen about tw enty seven years o f age he,
-
conclu ded to engage i n the study o f thi s inte re sting sci ence He had pu r .
chased property at Arboga Sweden and there sent hi s family to l ive , ,
whi le he ente re d a n institution to learn massage an d Swedi sh movement ,
and a fte r completing hi s cou rse he began p racticing i n h i s native city .
I n 1 90 2 he dec ided to come to the United States and subsequently sol d ,
h is prope rty in the ol d country an d came to S t Paul where he has since .

,
been very success ful H i s fi rst hom e i n St Paul was destroye d by c y

. .
clone i n 1 904 and i n 1 907 he bought hi s present beauti ful residence o n the
,
south shore o f S ilver L ake N orth St Paul M r and M rs Ahlqui st have , . . . .
had fi v e chi ldren as follow s : Perry an auditor employed by the Northern

, ,
Paci fic Rai lway has one chi ld ; Jones now studying to become a m is
, ,
s i o n a r y doctor ; Albert who die d at the age o f nine years ; M argaret who
, ,
l ives at home w ith her parents ; an d E rik a stu dent i n North St Paul ,
.
h igh school The latte r i s an athlete o f some note and in 1 9 1 1 w ith a

.
, ,
f riend Paul Aurel ius accompli shed a tramp o f 700 miles

, , .
M r Ahlqui st i s a Republ ican but he has never been an o fli c e seeke r

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, ,
the duties o f hi s p ro fessi on having clai med all o f hi s time and attention .
H owever h e i s a good an d publ ic sp irited citizen an d all movements

,
-
which have for thei r obj ect the betterment o f conditions in hi s community
i n any way wi ll fin d i n him a hearty advocate an d l iberal supp orte r He .
was reared i n the faith o f the Swedish L uthe ran chu rch but now hol ds ,
membe rship i n the Fi rst S wedi sh Bapti st chu rch o f S t Paul . .
GE N E RA L R N M C LAR E N The su dden death on July 3 o t h 1 88 6

. . .
, ,
o f Gene ral R N M c L a r e n dep rive d St Paul o f one o f he r most i llus

. . .
t r i o u s c itizens and ende d a li fe f raught w ith high consequences to the

,
community a l i fe that had been spent i n u se ful activity in behal f o f the

,
publ ic A s an army o f ficer he had been dari ng an d courageou s s ag ac

.
,
i ous i n planning ho l d i n e xecuti on a gallant commander i n all e n c o u n

, ,
ters A s a p ol itician— and he was that i n the best sense o f the wo rd ,
fo r he felt it the duty o f every h igh m inde d c itizen to accept publ ic trust -
w ith p rivate zeal — h e was a p ictu re sque figure i n many o f the now hi s
tori c conventions o f the northwest del iberate far sighted and eager a l , ,
-
ways for the greatest good to the greatest numbe r A s a m an he was .
sincere and humble w ith that Ch ri stian attitude that cares l ess for
,
” “
worldly honors than for the well done o f the Make r I n the cou rse o f .
a long l i fe he fill ed many i mpo rtant and honorable positions and he

neve r betrayed a trust however slight it may have been I t i s n o t too ,
.
much to say o f him that he remains a fte r twenty — fiv e years o n e o f S t , , .
’
Paul s noble st and most cherished memories a man not e a s i l v forgot ,
ten fo r hi s kind a re rare

, .
General M cL a r e n was born i n Caledonia L ivingston county New , .
York state on Ap ril 2 8 1 8 2 8 He was the son o f the Reverend Donal d

, , .
7 40 ST . P AU L A N D VI CI N I TY
A fte r his service General M c L a r e n came to make h is home i n S t .
Paul Soon a fter hi s arrival he w as made i nternal revenue assessor for

.
the second M innesota di strict and on cons oli dation o f the o ffices o f
'
assesso r and collector wa s appointed to the o f fice o f Uni ted S tates ,
marshal for the di strict o f M innesota M ay 1 7 1 8 7 3 by General Gran t , ,
and r e appointe d to the same o ffice by Presi dent Hayes i n November

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1 87 7 H e remained i n the government service i n that capacity unti l

.
1 8 82 when he retired f rom publ ic l i fe to look a fter hi s p roperty inte r

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ests .
Pol itically General M c L a r e n was a staunch supporter o f the Repub

lican party its men and i ts measures H e was o ften p resent at the c o n
,
.
ve n t i o n s o f hi s party as a delegate f rom his home district an d was at ,
one time chairman o f the state central committee H i s rare qual ities o f .
gene ralsh ip a n d management made h i s a dvice valuable to the leade r s o f

hi s party and hi s advice was followe d on more than one occasion
, .
General M c L a r e n was unit ed i n m arriage i n May 1 8 57 to M i ss , ,
Anna M c V ea n o f Livingston county N ew York state L ike her hus

, , .
band she w as o f a long l ine o f Scotch ancestry o f gallant h i story and

honorable traditions General a n d M rs M c L a r en became the parents o f
. .
three children — M i ss Jennie M c L a r e n Robert F M c L a r e n and D r

, , . .
Arch ibal d M c L a r e n the well known physician o f St Paul , . .
General M c L a r e n passe d away very su ddenly 011 the 3o t h o f July ,
1 88 6 l eaving vacant one o f the hi ghest places attained by a n y c iti zen

,
i n the esteem and a ff ection o f the c i ty o f St Pau l and the great north .
west .
A RT H UR J REEV E S S o rri e men attai n to more than ordinary p romi

. .
n e n c e through the recognition by thei r associates o f thei r abili ty to di s
cha rge certain duties and thi s i s undoubtedly the case w ith Arthur J
, .
Reeves o f 302 4 5 Ryan B uilding St Paul who now acts as general

,
- -
, .
,
agent for the New E ngland Mutual Li fe I nsu rance Company M r Reeve s . .
was born on a farm i n D ane county Wi sconsin Septembe r 2 4 1 8 64

and 1 3 the son o f John an d Jane ( Osw i n ) Reeve s
, , ,
M r Reeve s parents we re born and rea r e d i n E ngland where they

.
’
we re married and they came to the United States i n 1 8 55 settling on

, ,
the Dane county farm whe re M r Reeves was born He w as about seven . .
years o f age when the family m oved to a farm i n M itchell county I owa , ,
an d in that vicinity he grew to manhood A fter leaving the country .
school s he attended the Cedar V alley Seminary y for about a year and a
hal f and soon afte r hi s retu rn to the farm h i s father di ed i t bei ng le ft
, ,
to Arthur J to settle up the a ff airs o f the e state Thi s work accompl i shed
. .
,
in Ap ril 1 886 M r Reeve s came to St Paul and began to clerk in a shoe

, , . .
store I n January 1 88 7 he w ent into the real estate business continuing

.
, , ,
the rein until 1 889 Whil e thus engaged he began negotiating wi th seve ral
.
fi re i nsu rance companie s and establ ished the fi re insu rance agency that
was a fterwards known as the Reeve s 81 Gill ian Agency now owned by ,
W S Gill ian I n April 1 902 he became through appointment general

. . .
, ,
agent for the N ew E ngland Mutual L i fe Insurance Company which at ,
that time had about 00 premium collection s i n the agency a n d so ,
successful has M r Reeve s been that during 1 9 1 1 the company col lected
nearly $ 2 50 000 i n the ag e n c v The i n su rance business i s one that de
, .
mands more than ordinary ability as competition i s especially strong b e ,
tween the compan i es M r Reeves has demonstrated that he possesses

the rare faculties essential to those who make a success o f thi s particular
ST . PAU L AN D VI CI N I TY 7 41
li ne o f endeavor and i n the comparatively short time that he has been

,
engage d in thi s work here has shown that he i s a valuable man i n the
insurance field .
On N ovembe r 5 1 891 M r Reeves was marrie d to M i ss Mary S , , .

.
Clark o f St Paul who was born in B araboo Sauk county Wi sconsin

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, , , ,
and one son Oswin has been b o r n to this union H e i s now a stu dent
, ,
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i n the class o f 1 9 1 2 at the St Paul Central high school M r Reeves i s . . .
a Republican in politics b ut hi s business intere sts have so occupie d his ,
time that he has not actively entered publi c l i fe However hi s adopted .

,
city s inte rests have always found in him an interested adherent and any
’
measure that p romi ses to be o f benefit to the community w ill be earnestly

supporte d by h i m M r and M rs Reeves and thei r son are members o f
. . .
the St Anthony Congregational church where M r Reeves i s a member

. ,
.
o f the board o f trustees H e was one o f the organi zers i n 1 907 o f the .
, ,
Twin City State Bank becoming i ts first p resi dent an d has hel d that , ,
o f fice to the present time I n addition to his o ffices in the Ryan bu il ding .
,
he maintains an o ffi ce at 505 6 7 8 Plymouth Buildi ng M inneapolis M in - - -
, ,
n e s o ta Asi de from his business interests M r Reeves is well known in

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,
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_
social ci rcles and he an d M rs Reeve s have a host o f warm persona l

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friends .
C H AR L E S J H UM ASO N Prominent among the honored c iti zens o f

. .
St Paul M innesota the greate r portion o f whose li fe has been spent

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within the confines o f thi s state i s C harles J Humason ol d pionee r an d ,

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veteran o f the Civil war and now a faith ful empl oye o f the government , '
which he so bravely supported during the rebell ion M r H u m a s o n w as . .

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born in Turin L ewi s county New York N ovember 4 1 84 1 and i s a

, , , , ,
s o n o f John Sykes who was p robably born i n Hartford Connecticut as

, , ,
’
was the latte r s fat her L eonard H Humason Up to the time he was ,
. .
ten years o f age M r H umason l ived w ith his parents i n Turin Rome , .
,
New York City and B rooklyn H i s mother up to the time o f her ma r .

, _
r i ag e was Vi enna Go ff
,
her people l iving at Houseville N ew York , ,
.
At the age o f ten years young Humason was sent to Ohio to l ive with
hi s paternal grand father On a farm and remaine d there for two years ,
.
I n the meantime his parents removed to Racine Wi sco nsin and in 1 8 54 , ,
he was sent to Racine remaining there two years an d attending the ,
publi c schools In 1 8 56 h i s grand father Humason came from Ohio and

.
prevai led upon hi s father to take hi s fam ily an d go to M innesota there ,
to take up a quarte r—section o f lan d and g o to farming The grand father .
went fi rst and l ocated the lan d i n the township o f Rock D ell Olmsted ,
county and in July o f that year M r H u m a s o n s uncle Henry Gear w ho

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married his mother s sister an d a hi re d man and M r Humason started , .
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west to the new home M r H u m a s o n s father mother and siste r to follow , .
,
in September Fi rst taking a trai n for Chicago f rom that point they
.
,
went to D u n l i e th on the M i ssi ssippi river whe re they took a boat for
, ,
Winona M innesota They stayed at the small vi llage as it was at that

,
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,
time only overnight and the next day started on foot for H igh F orest
, , ,
the nearest town o f Rock D ell township where they had some ac q u a i n ,
tances The firs t d ay o u t they made St Charles where they stayed for
. .
,
the night and the next day arrived at Marion where they found an ol d
, ,
acquaintance f rom Racine named M essingham who was keeping a hotel , ,
and remai ned at hi s hostel ry until the next day when they continued on ,
thei r j ou rney and found thei r grand father at H igh Forest A fte r resting .
f or several days they went on to the farm a j ourney o f some seven m iles , .
7 42 ST PAU L AN D VI CI N ITY
"
.
O f cou rse relates M r Humason we had no house to l ive i n so

, .
,
w e camped i n a small grove on grand father s land using the wagons he

’
ha d brought with him to sleep i n wh ile the cooking w as done at a camp ,
fi re I was detaile d to do the cooking My l i fe as a p i oneer had now

. .
really commence d ; it was what I had longe d for for some years to get ,
1 nto a new country and make a home A fte r my work i n camp w as done .
I was sent out to round up the oxen o f which we had fou r yoke F r e ,
.
quently I was obliged to wade th rough w et slough grass nearly a s high

as my head be fore I cou ld get ou r team i nto camp Then they we re .
yoked a n d we sta rted fo r the fiel d to break up groun d for the next sum
“
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mer s c rop I di d the d riving and grand father hel d the plow We broke
. .
twenty fiv e acres that fall and uncle and the hi red man put up thi rty
-
tons o f hay I n Septembe r fathe r and hi s family came grand father and
.
, ,
I meeting them in Winona w ith two o x teams We got them all in w ith -
.
,
what goods we coul d carry and starte d back to ou r new home O f course ,
.
,
no house was ready for them and they were lande d besi de the hay stack s -
.
With a few board s which we had haul ed f ro m a mill some fi fteen mile s
,
away a shelte r wa s p rovi ded to keep o ff the rai n until a house coul d be
,
put up O f course we now we re very busy getting up a house p rocuring

.
, ,
lumbe r and provi sions to carry u s through the wi nter the re being ten to ,
p rovide for the se i ncluding my grand fathe r father and mother seven
, , ,
children my uncle his wi fe and one chil d and the hi red m a n Be fore
, , ,
.
cold weathe r set in we had a hou se and stable the house bei ng small , ,
si xteen by twenty —fou r feet one room below an d one above boarde d up , ,
and dow n and battened w ith a boar d roo f The re was no ceiling or ,
.
plastering on the house an d o f course it was ve ry col d Being the oldest .
boy i t devolve d upon me to buil d the morning fires and many times I
, ,
found snow al l over my bed and chamber floor that had blown i n du ring
the night A s w inter came i n upon u s i t was nece ssary to have sleds to
.
haul wood and rai ls so fathe r set to work to bui ld o n e and w hen fini shed
, ,
the hauling began the dis tance to the timbe r being seven miles Fathe r
,
.
and the hi re d man d id the cutting and haul ing while I remaine d at home
to do the chores and cut fi r e w ood -
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Be fore w inter set i n however my grand fathe r went back to Ohi o

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, ,
to spend the winter and get hi s wi fe and househol d goods and as my ,
uncl e and aunt had seen enough o f the We st they al so returned That .
le ft j u st ou r ow n fam ily and the hi red m an I t w a s a long and lonesome .
w inte r for my parents who we re not u se d to such a l i fe ,

A few neigh .
bors i n the meantime moved i n an d settled f rom one to two m ile s f rom
u s and two young couple s from I owa came an d took up lan d about two
m iles away put up a shack and the fi rst snow sto rm nearly c o y e r e d them
,
up They finally persuaded fathe r to take them i n until spr i ng and as

. ,
each had a yok e o f oxen they all made trip s to the timbe r for w ood
wheneve r father went The w inter finally came to an en d as al l winters
.
,
do an d the warm sp ring chee red u s up and we all went to w ork to get
,
in ou r c rop The next year father buil t a more substanti al house i nto
.
,
w hich we moved an d thu s passed on until the summer o f 1 86 1

,
.
I had lived and w orke d o n the farm fo r fiv e years settlers had come
“
,
i n on every quarter section good farms w ere opene d up i n ou r township , ,
and al l di d well In the spring o f 1 86 1 the Civi l war broke out an d I

.
was anxiou s to enl i st but being ve ry small thought they woul d not tak e
,
me .
I got somewhat sick o f farming as I read the war news and pe r ,
s u a d e d my pa rents to let me go into a mi ll at Rocheste r Wi th a cousin

.
O f cou rse it was al l excitement at Roche ste r during the summer c o m

‘
,
7 44 S T PAU L AN D V I C I N I TY
.
1 889 when I received the appointment o f chi e f cl erk in the adj utant
,
’
general s o fli c e unde r General M ull in then adj utant general and i n 1 8 9 1 , ,
I w a s appointed assi stant ad j utant gene ral and served two yea rs I n .
1 8 93 General Mull in was appointed su rveyo r general o f logs for Wabasha

and I received the appointment f r o m h i m as hi s bookkeepe r fo r that ~
season I n 1 894 1 was sent by Tam s B i xby a n d Governo r M erriam to

.
Pi erre S outh Dakota to take charge o f the p roperty known as the Pi erre
, ,
Water L ight and Power Company i n which they we re intere ste d a n d , ,
remained there o n e yea r res i gn i ng in 1 8 95 ,

.
’
While in South Dakota M r H u m a s o n s re sidence was still main , .
f ai ned in St Paul and at the time o f h i s re signati on he returned to thi s

.
,
city and du ring the fol lowing fall went to \V o o d r u ff whe re he opened ,
a lumber yard remaining there for three years At thi s time however
, .
, ,
hi s health faile d and he retu rne d to St Paul becom ing bookkeeper for .
,
A C Johnson who was then an auctioneer Subsequently he hel d a like

. .
, .
position wi th the D odge L and a n d I nve stment Company and while i n ,
the employ o f that firm received an o ff er f rom O A Robe rtson to go to . .
Campbell M innesota in a li ke capac ity H e remained there i n a general

, ,
.
impl ement business for some t ime w hen he was called to M inneap oli s ,
to take a position w ith the Crane O r d e w ay Company but after si x months -
with that concern received notice f rom Governor V a n S a n t o f hi s appoint

ment to the position o f Civil war record clerk a n d h e has since serve d ,
i n that capacity M r H u m a s o n s duties i nclude the filling out on blank

. .
’
sheets o f the record o f every Civil war soldie r that enl isted from M inne
sota these sheets being boun d to become a part o f a permanent record
,
.
M r Humason becam e a member o f the A F

. A M Lodge N o . . . .
,
.
8 5 at H igh Forest and later trans ferred hi s membership to Dodge

, ,
Cente r L odge No 1 08 H e belongs to Joseph Garrison Post N o 1 3 1

, . .
, .
,
D odge Center serving as c ommander o f the post for two term s and a t
,
tending national reunion s at Washington D etroit Chi cago St Paul and , , ,

.
M inneapoli s .
On Septembe r 1 1 8 6 2 M r Humason was marrie d at H igh Forest , , .

,
Olm sted county M innesota to M iss Carol ine A Tattersall who was born
, , . .
i n New York City Feb ruary 1 7 1 84 5 daughter o f Will iam H and , , , .
E li zabeth C ( Winter ) Tattersall H er parents had m oved to M inne

. .
sota in 1 8 56 and her father kept a hotel at H igh Fore st until enl i sting
,
i n the Civil war as captain o f Company H S i xth M innesota V olunteers , ,
which he had recruited i n Olm sted county M r and M rs Humason . . .
have had th ree chil dren : Charle s Henry who i s marrie d and ha s one ,
child Harry L Wilhelmina L who married E dward J Con roy and

, .
, .
,
lives i n M inneapol i s and ha s a daughte r Carol ine M ; an d Harry B who ,

. .
marrie d Mary E Cole s and l ives i n M e rr iam Park H e i s cashier o f the

. .
American National Bank o f St Paul an d has one son Sherman C .

, ,
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M r Humason has seen many c h a rig e s take place i n thi s part o f M in

.
n e s o ta and has participated actively i n them doing hi s full duty as a

, ,
citizen i n times o f peace as he di d a s a sol die r during the dark days o f

the Civil war Known as a man o f the highest p rinciples an d strictest
.
integrity he i s e steeme d and respected by all with whom he has had

,
deal ings wh ile hi s genial ki ndly manner has made him hosts o f friend s
, ,
i n whateve r community he has found hi s service s needed .
S H E R I D A N G RA NT C OBB M D The modern hospital i s too o ften , . .
l ooke d upon as a convenience or a luxu ry o f the well to do The m ode rn - -

.
hosp ital i s not only the highest development o f sc ience for the alleviation
.
7 45
and cure o f the swarming bodily ills o f mankind a wonder ful organization ,
into which the best thought and experience o f exp erts at wor k the world
e ve r have entered it i s also a great philanthrop ic enterp ri se
,
Few people .
real ize the strain o f mind and body ; what toil what wealth o f experience , ,
zeal watch fulness knowledge supremacy o f skill an d talent is necessary

, , ,
in conducting an institution o f this k i nd and those who have been the ,
founders o f these great enterpri ses have erecte d monuments for them
selves more l asting than those th at coul d be devi sed i n any other way .
Sheri dan Grant Cobb M D o f Merriam Park S t Paul is accompli shing

, . .
, , .
,
hi s li fe work in establishing one o f the finest hospitals in this part o f the

city and hi s ambition to become one o f the publ i c bene factors i s rapi dly
,
being reali zed Born August 1 4 1 862 D r Cobb i s a native o f Cascade

.
, , .
,
M innesota and i s a son o f E phraim D rake and Mary ( Stevens ) Cobb

,
.
E phraim Drake Cobb was born i n Massachusetts and came to M inne

sota in 1 8 53 as a p ioneer o f Olmste d county settling at Rochester as an ,
architect and builder and deal ing largely 1 n real estate Late r he went to .
’
Cascade and engaged in farmin g an d became one o f hi s community s ,
p rom inent and highly esteemed c i tizens serving in a number o f township ,
o ffices He died there in 1 889 when seventy eight years o f age Hi s

.
,
-
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w i fe who bore the maiden name o f M ary Stevens was a native o f M as

, ,
s a c h u s e tt s and died when S heridan G C obb was th ree years o f age

, . .
Sheridan Grant Cobb received his education i n the Rochester publ ic

schools and N iles Ac a dm e y at that place an d a fter attendance in the ,
Winona Normal school taught school f o r one year H e commence d the , .
study o f medicine with D r Westfall o f Rochester when a boy an d when .

, ,
he was only eighteen years o f age began practice with that well known
“
physician In 1 884 he was graduated f rom Hahnemann College Chicago

.
, ,
and at once began practice at Faribault M innesota but a fter a few

'
, ,
months removed to Plainview Du ring the summer o f 1 889 D r Cobb . .
came to St Paul and began p ract i ce i n Merriam Park where he 1 8 now

.
, ,
the ol dest p racticing physician He i s a member o f the City State an d .

,
National Homeopathic Societie s holding the o f fice o f p resi dent o f the ,
state organization He i s surgeon for the Chicago M ilwaukee

. St Paul , .
Railway and chie f for the M innesota Trans fer Railway He has a t .
t a i n e d to the thi rty second degree o f Masonry and he organi zed Triune
-
L odge here in 1 890 He i s a member o f all the bodies o f the York and
.
Scotti sh Ri te an d a li fe membe r o f Z urah Temple M inneapol is

, , .
He i s a l i fe membe r also o f the M inne sota H istorical S ociety and the

St Paul I nstitute ; and belongs to the Automobile Club o f St Paul the
. .
,
Young Men s Chri stian Association the L ake Pepi n Cou ntry Club and
’
the St Paul City Club

Fo r some years D r Cobb had i n mi nd the founding o f a hosp ital and
. .
i n 1 8 98 the nucl eus o f hi s p resent i nstituti on was formed in the upper

rooms o f a p rivate residence I n 1 900 he gave up hi s p r ac t i c e and spent
‘
six months i n E urope visiting Vienna Berlin Pari s L ondon E di nbu rgh
, , , , ,
an d other large cities studying conditions an d methods i n hospital work

, ,
and i n 1 90 1 on hi s return to thi s country felt that he was ready to engage

, ,
in the work that has always meant so much to hi m Purchasing the ol d .
M erriam Park schoolhouse he remodeled it and fitted it up for hosp ital ,
purposes it being opene d i n 1 902 s i nce wh ich time over

,
patients ,
have been treated w ithin its walls I t has fill ed a long felt want i n th e .
-
neighborhood in which i t i s located and D r Cobb has the gratitude o f , .
the people o f Merriam Park who have supported i t to such an extent ,

.
that D r Cobb feel s j ustified in e recting a more commodious an d modern

.
structure plans there for now being unde r way

, .
O n June 3 0 1 886 D r Cobb was united i n ma rriage w ith M iss E

, ,
. .
M i licent Cutter at Do ve r M inne sota she being a nati ve o f B oston

, , , ,
M assachusetts Two chil dren have been born to them : Franci s Cutter
.
and Mary Franci s C Cobb married Gretchen Uttley o f M i nneapol i s

’
. .
, ,
and the y resi de in N ew York city .
DRE UG E N E L M A N N i s the s o n o f a father who achieved di stinction

. .
i n another o f the l earned p ro fessi ons for Horati o E Mann was an a t

“
, .
torney o f p romi nence i n both S t Paul and M inneapoli s He was born . .
in V e rmont and there married Mary A Wi lliams Together they came

, . .
to M inneapol i s i n 1 8 57 Here he p racticed his pro fession w ith a high

.
degree o f succe ss and was influe ntial i n the counci ls o f hi s pol itical
,
party A fter some years he was made clerk o f the Uni ted States ci rcui t
.
court and a fte r that time m ade hi s home i n St Paul H e was al so master . .
in chance ry where h is thorough acquai ntance w ith the law and al so hi s

,
knowledge o f human natu re made him a most valuable assi stant to the
cou rt Fo r about twenty years he hel d these two o ffices but i n the year
.
o f 1 883 he reti red f rom active work i n hi s p ro fessi on an d lived in reti re

ment until hi s death i n 1 90 7 H e had served o n e term i n the M innesota .
legislatu re and was a man o f more than usual abil ity H i s w i fe die d in .
1 8 92 .
E ugene Mani a i s one o f the two chil dren born to Horatio and M ary
Mann L aura the daughter i s now M rs Whitacre o f St Paul D r
.
, ,
.
, . . .
M ann was born i n M inneapol i s o n M ay 20 1 8 6 1 H is elementary edu , ,

.
cati on was received i n the Je ff erson school o f St Paul an d a fter gradu .
ating from the high school he entere d H obart Col lege i n Geneva N ew ,
Yo rk He graduate d f rom there i n 1 8 8 3 and then hav ing the desi rabl e
.
_
foundati on o f general training b egan hi s special pro fessi onal stu dies in ,
th e Hahnemann M edical College o f Philadelphi a H e gra duate d from .
the me dical school i n 1 886 and then secured that training so valuable to
the young physici an by being interne at Wards I sland H o spital N ew ,
York At the expi ration o f hi s term there D r M ann retu rne d to St

. . .
Paul an d started i n the p ractice o f hi s pro fe ssi on here whe re he grew up .
Prophet s may be without hono r i n thei r own country but that i s not ,
always the case w ith physic ians for Dr M ann was made p rofessor i n the ,
.
m edical department o f the University o f M innesota and was dean o f ,
the depa rtment o f hom eopathy u ntil that department was di scontinued .
During the years 1 8 98 an d 1 899 D r Mann was abroad and pu rsued hi s .
p ro fessional studie s i n V ienna a n d L ondon He i s a membe r o f the state .
and o f the national Homeopath ic S ocieties and i s one o f the tru stees o f
the national organi zation I n college he was a membe r o f several fra .
t er n i t i es .
I n 1 8 9 1 D r M ann was marri ed to M rs Clara Worthen C arpenter o f

. .
,
L ebanon New H ampshi re N o children have been born to them D r

,
. . .
Mann i s one o f the many noble membe rs o f h is p ro fessi on i n th is city

whose fine devotion to the advancement o f the sci ence o f medicine and
the means o f prevention o f di sease p rese rve the reputati on o f the lo fty
character o f the pro fe ssion To thi s work he brings the hi ghest personal .
qual ificati ons as well as the best o f p ro fessi onal training and hi s success
has been th e result o f no acci dent but the product o f characte r whose ,
u se fulness has been multipl ie d by learning and experience H e mainta ins .
h i s o ffice at 7 1 8 Lowry B uilding .

.
A RT H UR J AY G I LL E TT E M D N othing i s more c ha r a c t e r t i s t i c o f
,
. .
thi s generation than its changed views o f its responsibiliti es to the u n

fortunate and the unfit Ch arity has cease d to be a grace o f the more
.
benevolent strictly The prophets o f this time have taught u s that our
, .
responsibil ities are l imited only by our claims to belong among the fit ,
N one have been more i nfluential in thi s work which aims at the elimina ~
tion o f poverty and disease by removing the i r causes than our physi
c i a n s and in St
,
Paul few men have done so much towards this e n d as
.
D o ctor Arthur Jay Gillette He has reali zed that the nation w ill be
.
”
g reatest w hich cares best for its chi ldren and has devote d himsel f to
securing care for the i ndigent cripple d chil dren o f the commonwealth .
The visible S ign and token o f hi s work i s the State H osp ital and Indus
trial School for I ndigent Crippled Children o f M inne sota made possi ,
ble by an act o f the legislatu re and the setting asi de by them o f an an -
nual approp riation Doctor Gillette was instrumental i n securing this

.
from the l egislature and has made the good work complete by giving hi s
services to the hospital free o f charge .
Arthur Jay Gillette i s a native son o f the state o f M innesota hi s ,
bi rth having occurred in Rice county on the 28t h o f October 1 863 H e , ,

.
i s a son o f Albe rt and E llen M Gi llette the former o f whom was a .

, .
farme r by occupation When D octor Gi llette was a boy his fathe r pu r

.
chased the land w h ere South S t Paul now stands and there the fam ily .
resi ded until the p roperty was purchased for the site o f the town H e .
secured hi s elementary e ducation in t he country school s attending them ,
unti l s u fli c i e n tl y advanced to enter Haml ine University where he pu r ,
sued hi s studies for three years At an early age h i s inclinati on i n the .

‘
di rection o f medicine asserted itsel f and he entered the M innesota Col

lege Hosp ital at M inneapoli s and subsequently the St Paul Medical .
School from which he was graduated in 1 886 Following thi s he at

, .
tende d the New York Polycli nic School f o r one year and then was ap ,
pointed house surgeon o f the New York O rthopaedic D i spensary Hospi

tal a position w hi ch h e fi lled f or one year a fte r which he returned to
, ,
S t Paul where he fi rst took up general p ractice I t was evident how

.
, .
e ve r that hi s talents lay particularly along the l ines o f o r t h o pa e d 1 c su r

,
ge ry and so he gradually worked into that branch o f surgery b e l i ev

, ,
i n g that he coul d accompli sh a greater amount o f good as a speciali st

than as a genera l practitioner H e soon gave up hi s general practice .
a ltoget h er so many were the demands made upon him by the c rippled
,
and de forme d H e was appoi nte d orthopaedic surgeon to St Luke s and

. .
’
’
S t Josep h s Hospital to t h e C ity and C ounty Hospitals and later to
. ,
Bethesda and Luther Hospital s He i s now orthopaedic consul ting sur .
g eon to Asbu ry Hospital o f Minneapoli s For seve ral years he has been .
pro fessor o f orthopaedic surgery i n the me dical department o f the Uni

e r s i ty o f M innesota and he i s still the occupant o f thi s chai r giving
, ,
hi s l ectures to the students free o f charge .
H i s most important work o f course i s the State Hospital a n d In

, ,
du s t r i a l School for I ndigent Cripple d Children which has been men ,
t i o n ed T h is i s the first institution o f its kind to be erected and sup

.
p orte d by any state whi ch redounds to the credi t o f M innesota The

, .
institution has an admi rable location f rom a sanitary stand p oint and i s ,
placed i n spacious grounds twenty fiv e acres in extent The bui l ding

,
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.
was erected under the supervi sion o f D octor Gillette and i s according
to the most approved modern design s .
.
Although D octor Gi llette has been so active in what we may call

publ ic philanthropy he has n o t substituted this for private charity H is
,
.
fame as a surgeon i n children s di seases i s national and he has given ’
f reely o f hi s ski ll to render the chi ldren o f the poor fit to battle fo r the i r
o w n advancement H is good deeds are done wi thout ostentation and
.
,
have the i r i nspi ration i n his sympathetic and k indly nature never in any ,
desi re fo r prai se O n account o f the wonderful amount o f good done

.
through the initiative o f Doctor Gillette the board o f regents o f the U n i

versi ty o f M i nnesota con fe rred upon him i n 1 903 the honorary deg r ee
o f M D While D r G illette does a great deal for the un fortunate peo
. . .
ple i n this worl d who are w ithout su fficient means to care for the sick
an d cripple d i n the i r famil ies he has a very large p rivate practice among ,
p eopl e who are per fectly able to compensate h im fo r his services H e .
there fore does not hesi tate to charge the wel l —to —do class according to
,
thei r abil ity to compens ate him for such service s .
Doctor Gillette has many a f fil iations both o f a social and a p r o f e s ,
s i o n a l nature I n the latter h e i s a membe r o f the American Ortho

.
paedi c A ssociation ; the Ramsey County M edical S ociety ; the County ,
State and Ame rican Me di cal Associations ; a n d the M innesota Academy

o f M edici ne H i s social connections are w ith the M innesota Club and
.
the Town an d Country Club He i s also a m embe r o f the Masonic .
order .
I n 1 88 7 D octor Gillette was marrie d to M i ss E llen M oore o f S t Paul ,

. .
She i s a daughte r o f Wi lliam S M oore who was a p rominent membe r . .

,
o f the bar o f St Paul in the early days D r and M rs Gi llette are the
. . . .
parents o f o n e chil d a daughter Marg aret , ,

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Too much cannot be sai d in eulogy o f the work o f D r Gillette I t is . .
by such m en that the gol de n age i s brought a l ittl e nearer the age o f a ,
‘
” “
city beauti ful out o f which si ckness a n d poverty the forme r things
, ,
shall have passed away We are but beginning to real ize our o pp o r t u
.
n i t i e s an d our responsibili ties an d the living w itness o f the chosen ,
ones who do the things whic h others dream o f is the most e ff ective p ro
p aga n d a o f c iv ic duty .
W I LL IA M H FA RN H A M city comptroller who hol ds di stinctive pre

.
, ,
c e d e n c e as a publ ic o f fic ial o f abi lity a n d fa i th fulness i s gi fte d w ith that ,
unusual financial in sight whi ch has made hi m deci dedly the right man
for the important o ffice which he hol ds He was el ected i n May 1 91 0 .
, ,
and i n the ensuing period establi she d a reputation for e fficiency second
to none in the city admi ni strati on M r Farnham might be called the city . .
bookkeeper and watch dog for it i s i n hi s o ffice that the cl osest check i s,
kep t on the finances o f St Paul The di sbu rsements are care fully tabu . .
lated an d the i ncome arranged by funds so that at an y time the standing

o f the city may be ascertained He i s a m an o f initi ative and upon as .
s u m i n g offi ce revi sed an d imp roved the system a s it the n exi sted making , ,
the handl ing o f the business much simpl er I t may readily be seen that .
thi s position i s one requi ring a man o f unu sual ab il ity a n d from the ,
sati s factio n that o n e hears e xp ressed not only by city o fficials but by ,
busines s men i t i s evident that S t Paul has foun d a man who c an

,
.
handle the j ob .
W illiam H Farnham was born on the z 2 u d o f January 1 8 6 5 at

. , ,
Bu ff al o N ew York the son o f Horatio Nel son Farnham J r and Maria

, , , .
L ( S hiel s ) Fa rnham H is fathe r was born o n the 1 2 th o f M arch 1 840

. . , ,
at Silver Creek N ew Y ork state and hi s mothe r who was al so a native

, , ,
7 50 ST PAUL AN D VI C I NI TY
.
in the mil itary annal s o f the state I t has been the lot o f few men to .
live a l i fe o f such varie d and di stingui shed service H e was a sailor boy .
,
a cabinet maker a lawye r j udge publi c o fficial sol di er and eminent

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, , , ,
citizen and in all the relations o f l i f e he was faith ful and true so that
,
hi s career remains as one o f the most honorabl e pe rsonal records i n the

h i story o f M innesota .
Born i n N ew Y o r k C i ty July 1 5 1 8 28 Charles E ugene Fl a n d r au

'
, , ,
inhe rite d the gi fts o f good ancestry a home o f culture and character , ,
and liberal advantage s O n the paternal si de hi s Huguenot ancestors

.
,
flee ing unde r persecution from L a Rochelle France had j oine d the colony , ,
that founde d New Rochelle in Westcheste r county New York I n thi s ,

.
ol d settlement was born hi s father Thomas Hunt F l a n d r a u who i n h i s , ,
time was a fi ne lawye r and a man o f high position H e w as a graduate .
o f Hamilton College studied law with Judge N athan Williams at Uti ca

, ,
a n d a fter hi s admi ssion to the bar forme d a partnership w ith Aa ron Bu rr ,
whose e rratic an d un fortunate caree r i s a fam il iar page o f Ameri can

hi story I n thi s practi ce they located at N ew Yo rk City About 1 8 2 5
. .
Thomas H F l an d r a u m arrie d M i ss E lizabeth M acomb a hal f si ste r o f

.
,
-
General Alexande r M acomb commander i n chie f o f the Un ited State s ,

- -
army f rom 1 8 2 8 to 1 84 1 S everal years a fter thei r marriage M r Flan

. .
d rau removed to O neida county N ew York where he was engaged in , ,
the p ractice o f law up to the time o f h is death which occu rred January ,
Charles E Fl a n d r a u began hi s education at Georgetown D C but

.
,
. .
,
at the age o f thi rteen he le ft school determined to enter the navy \Vith ,
.
1
influential f riends to support him he appl ie d to the secreta ry o f the navy

for a warrant as m idshipman H e was too young by a year so when the .
,
appoi ntment was re fused he shipped be fo re the mast i n the revenue

cutter Forward He serve d one year on that vessel an d one year on the
.
cutte r Van Bu ren and then made several coasting voyages on merchant
,
men Th ree years o f hi s youth were spent a s a sailor and he then r e

.
,
tu rne d to the land and agai n entere d school at Georgetown Judge .
Fl a n d r a u th rough all hi s l i fe was a man o f sel f rel iant dec i sive character -
, ,
and in thi s l ight the changes o f occupation he made when a boy had none
o f the haphazardness that i s associate d with inconstancy and lack o f ap
pl ication .
A fter a few month s in school he agai n le ft and went to seek hi s for

tune i n the c ity o f hi s bi rth He found empl oyment i n the large m ah o g
.
any m ills o f M ahlon Bunnell corne r o f Pi ke an d Cherry streets an d dur , ,
ing the three years he remaine d the re he became proficient in eve ry

branch o f the bu si ness Cabinet mak ing was resigne d in order to ente r
.
-
’
hi s father s o fli c e at Whitesboro whe re he began the study o f law Tw o ,
.
years o f close appl ication brought hi m to the entrance o f hi s l arger career ,
and he was admitted to the bar o f One ida county January 7 1 8 5 1 , , .
A fte r spending two o r th ree years i n partnership w ith hi s fathe r in ,
the fall o f 1 8 53 he determine d to locate on the western f rontier in the

te rritory o f M innesota H e an d H orace R Bigelow arrived in St Paul
. . .
togethe r i n the latte r part o f N ovember A fte r being admitte d to the bar .
they opened an o f fice on Th i rd street under the fi rm name o f B igelow

F l a n d r au At that period o f M innesota hi story law business was scarce
.
,
”
and the young attorneys had many tedious i nterval s between case s .
Thi s pe riod o f hi s caree r i s described by Hon I saac Atwater a fo rme r .

,
partner o f Judge F l a n d r au and the fol low ing paragraph i s excerpted from
,
the Atwate r sketch :

. 751
The practice o f law i n M innesota in early days was neithe r arduous

n o r specially remunerative Some business was furnish e d by the United .
S tates land o fli c e s but commerce was i n i ts in fancy a n d the immense

, ,
and p rofitable business furnished the profession by the rai lroads was then
wholly unknown It so happene d that during the w inter o f 1 8 53 —4 cer
.
tain capi tali sts o f St Paul engaged the services o f M r Fl a n d r au to make

. .
explorations in the M innesota valley and to negotiate for the purchase o f

”
prope rty there especially the Captain D odd claim at what was then
_ ,
“
called Rock Bend now St Peter H i s report was favorable to the pur
,
“
. .
chase and he was so imp ressed with the prospective advantages o f the
,
country that he deci ded to locate in the valley himsel f St Pete r was . .
then unknown Traverse des S ioux was the only settlement in the vicin
.
ity and consi sted o f a few I ndian traders an d their attachés and a number
,
o f missionaries Here he met S tuart B Garvie a Scotchman who had

. .
, ,
j ust been appo inted clerk o f the district court o f N icollet county and ,
oc ci i e d an o f fice w ith him Thei r law busi ness was very limited T he . .
young men were frequently at thei r w its end for devices to keep the ’ ‘
”
wol f from th e door I ndeed they
y di d not wi sh to keep him from the
.
door in a l iteral sense I nstead o f an enemy the wol f became thei r .
friend They placed the carcass o f a dead pony within easy rifl e shot o f
.
the back wi ndow o f thei r o f fice and thi s proved a fatal attraction to the ,
prai rie rovers E ver y night many o f them fell victims to the ri fles o f
.
the young lawyers who skinne d the bodies an d sol d the hi des f or seventy
,
five cents ap i ece .
With the opening o f the season i n 1 8 54 immigration began to pour

i nto the M innesota valley and i n June o f that year the first house was ,
bui lt in St Peter Judge F l an d r a u continued to resi de at Traverse de s

. .
Si oux unti l 1 864 and during thi s time he had risen to be one o f the
,
most eminent men o f the territory and state H e became i n 1 8 54 notary .
publ ic and deputy clerk and later district attorney for N i c o l l et county .
He was electe d i n 1 8 56 a member o f the territorial council but resigne d ,
a fter hi s first year and i n 1 8 57 was elected a member o f the c o n s t i tu

,
t i o n a l convention as a D emocrat In Augu st 1 8 56 he was appointed by

,
.
, ,
President Pi erce agent to the S iou x I ndians o f the M ississipp i Follow .
ing the Spi rit L ake an d Sp ringfield massacres he took a n acti ve part in ,
pursu it o f the I ndians and the subsequent restoration o f the two captives ,
M rs Margaret A M arble and Mi ss Abbi e Gardner

. . .
I n 1 8 57 having resign e d as Indian agent he was appointed on July

, ,
1 7 th by Presi dent Buchanan a n associate j usti ce o f the supreme court

, ,
o f M innesota territory He occupied the bench as a member o f this .
court during only one general te rm January 1 8 58 as M i nnesota soon , , ,
a fterward became a state I n the Democratic conventi on o f the preced .
ing year for nomination to state o f fices Judge F l an d r au was nominate d

, ,
for associate j ustice o f the sup reme court for the term o f seven years .
The entire Democ ratic ti cket was elected and on the ratification o f the ,
constituti on by Congress a n d the adm i ssion o f the state early in 1 8 58 ,
h e qual ified and entered on the discharge o f hi s duti es H i s record as a

‘
j u rist i s permanently written i n the fi rst ni ne volumes o f the M innesota

reports At almost every term he wrote more than hi s share o f the
.
opinions H e was one o f the most i ndustrious j udges that ever sat on a
.
state bench and the j udgment o f his associates and o f history g i ves him
,
the honor of being o n e o f the founders o f the system o f j uri sp rudence

o f the state both th rough hi s work 1 n the constitutional convention and
,
on the sup reme bench .

7 52 ST PAU L AND V I C I N I TY
.
The fi rst sup reme court o f M innesota had much important work to
do The code had been recently a dopte d and pleadings and practice we re
.
i n a transitional conditi on and M inne sota ha d not uni formly followed ,
the p rece dents a n d l ine s o f deci sions establi she d i n a n y o f the olde r
states i n ad dition to w hich there was no system in the dec ision s o f the
,
territorial court The construction o f a large number o f statutes had

.
also to be dete rm ined for the fi rst time These facts besides i ncreasing .
,
the labors o f the court much beyond the comparative length o f the calen
dars invested these ea rly results o f the court s deci sions with an author
,
’
ity and importance that through all subsequent years have had t hei r
e f fect The language o f Judge F l a n d r a u s dec i sions wa s always plain
.
,
simple a n d clea r but uni fo rmly terse vigorou s a nd deci ded The de
, , .
c i s i o n s themselves are model s o f pe rspicu ity and j udic ial soundness As .
a fact o f intere st to hi s bi ography it shoul d be borne i n min d that these

deci s ions we re all rendered be fore he attaine d the age o f thirty — six and
many o f them be fore he was thi rty .
On October 2 5 1 858 Judge Fl an d r a u was appointed by Governor

, ,
S ibley j udge advocate ge neral o f the state a p osition he hel d during

-
,
’
that governor s te rm Whil e he w as still occupying hi s o ffice o f associate
.
j ustice a great series o f events occurred that d rew h i s service s to the

,
fiel d o f w a r and gave hi s name an impe ri shable lustre a s a m il itary char

acter o f the state .
The ri si ng o f the S ioux I ndians occu rred i n August 1 862 the news , ,
reache d Judge Fl a n d r au at hi s re si dence i n T raverse des S ioux early

the m orning o f the l gt h brought by cou riers f rom New Ulm thi rty, ,
two m ile s away With h is thorough knowledge o f the I ndian characte r

.
an d o f these I ndians in parti cular Judge Fl a n d r a u appreciated the ,
situation instantly and at once sent al l h i s ow n family to M i nneapol i s

,
.
At S t Peter he assisted i n rai sing a n d equ ipping a company o f o n e hun

.
dred an d fi fteen volunteers w ho chose him as the i r captain By noon , .
he was i n the saddle at the head o f the company a n d on the w a y to the

, ,
re scue o f the town o f N ew Ulm He a rrived j u st i n time The place . .
wa s al ready attacke d by two hundred savage s and a consi derable po r

tion o f the settlement w as on fi re Fl a n d r au and hi s men galloped in .
,
charged an d drove o ff the I ndians extingui shed the fi res an d calmed , ,
the te rror stricken people H aile d as the savior o f the tow n Judge
-
.
,
F l a n d r a u was unanimou sly chosen as commande r o f all th e forces a n d ,
he immediately began to p repare for the attack wh ich he kne w w oul d

be re sumed The men were put unde r hasty di scipl ine and a ci rcular
.
,
barricade constructed i n the cente r o f town for shelter to the women

a n d children Then o n the morning o f the 2 3 d about seven hundred
.
,
I ndians well a rmed a ma j ority o f whom had been engaged in besieging

,
Fort Ridgel y stormed against t h e de fen ders o f New Ulm who we re

, ,
about th ree hund red strong and mo st o f them armed with hunting rifle s
and fowling pieces Fo r two days the fight raged du ring which the
.
,
greater pa rt o f the to w n was burned ten white men we re k illed an d fi fty .
wounded The I ndians wh ose loss was probably much greater then
.
,
1 e t i r e d but co n tinued to menace the l ittle garri son I n thi s situati on .

,
w ith ammuniti on and p r o v i s o n s nearl y exhausted Judge Fl a n d r au e v a c ,
u a t e d the to “ 11 a n d e sco rted ove r a hundred and fi ft y wagon s containing
the hel ple ss and wounded i n the di rection o f Mankato wh ich was . ,
reached in sa fety .
Such i s an outline o f the de fen se o f Ne w Ulm which i n detai l i s ,
one o f the most th ril ling chapters in the annal s o f the northwest A s .
.
marrie d February 2 8 1 8 7 1 M rs Rebecca Blai r Riddle who died 011

, , ,
.
,
Decembe r 5 1 9 1 1 ,
M rs F l a n d r a u w as a daughte r o f Judge Wil liam
. .
M c Cl u r e o f Pittsburg Pennsylvan ia T wo sons were born o f her ma r

, , .
r i ag e to Judge F l a n d r a u : Charles M acomb F l a n d r a u and Will iam Blai r
M c Cl u r e F l a n d r au Few famil ie s o f St Paul have m ore intimate associa

. .
tions w ith the li fe and hi story o f the state a n d no p ersonal ity throws ,
a more inte resti ng and honorable di stinction on the annals o f the city than
the late Judge Fl a n d r a u .
H OW A RD LA N K E ST E R M D I t i s sca rcely to be gainsai d that the re

, . .
i s no o f fice ca rrying with it more o f re sponsibility than that o f health

comm issi oner and St Paul is peculiarly fortunate i n having i n this o ffice
, .
D r H oward L ankester a gi fte d and enlightened physician who see s at a

.
,
glance where re form i s neede d and possesses the fine executive abil ity
w h 1c h c a n make real ities out o f great ideas H i s name is especially .
well known in connection with the elimination o f the public dri nki ng cup
-
he havi ng been a p ionee r i n the campa ign to ri d the country o f thi s di s

ease breeding mean s As a result o f hi s e ff o rts the publ ic drinking c u p
-
.
i s seen no more in S t Paul a n d many other municipalities are waging

.
wa r on thi s unsanitary i nstitution Another very i mportant health meas .
ure introduce d by the Doctor was the s o —called f ruit ordinance wh ich ,
provides for the p rotection o f fruit f rom dust and fl ies Thi s i s the only .
ordinance o f the kind i n existence and was bitterly fought by the fruit
deale rs and carrie d to the supreme cou rt fo r deci sion but that court ,
deci ded the o rdinance w ithin the powers o f the health commi ssione r and
thu s settled thi s very important hygienic measu re .
D r Lankeste r i s a native o f E ngland hi s bi rth having occurre d at

.
,
Southampton on the 2 3 d day o f F ebrua ry 1 8 46 H i s parents were Robert , .
and E li zabeth A L ankester He was educated i n p rivate school s abroad

. .
’
and was graduated f rom Craw ford College He late r entered King s Col .
lege L ondon an d serve d i n Her Maj esty s Thi rd Royal M iddlesex Artil
, ,
’
le ry H e came to Ame rica i n the 7 o s and i n 1 8 7 8 located at Grand

.
’
Forks N orth Dakota I t was there that he began the p ractice o f a

,
.
physician to which he has proved such an ornament I n 1 88 2 having .

,
been graduate d with a well earne d degree he removed to Fi she r M inne -
, ,
sota H i s i denti fication with the city o f S t Paul dates f rom 1 896 and
. .
f rom the first he ha s p roved one o f the most loyal and enthusiastic o f
citi zens He was appointe d to the position o f health commi ssione r in the
.
early part o f the year 1 9 1 1 The re i s nothing o f publ ic import in S t . .
Paul i n wh ich he i s not help fully i nterested and hi s pro fession has made
him more observant than the ordi nary c iti zen o f many things a ff ecting
the publi c health and physical well being in particular local ities and he -
i s i ndeed a mo del health o fli c e r .
D r Lankester is a M ason who ful fills its i deal s o f m oral and social
.
j ustice and brothe rly love i n hi s own l iving He i s al so an Odd Fel low . ,
a member o f the Ram sey County an d the State M edical Societies and
othe r organizations .
The follow ing apprec iation o f thi s gentleman recently publi shed i s , ,
herew ith given :

Some men seem to be bo rn fo r specific duties and when the hou r i s
“
ripe are selected to per form them D r H oward L ankester ha s gone at . .
hi s work as health commi ssione r o f St Paul a s i f he had been specially .
de signed for i t and i s achieving results enti rely in keeping w ith the vigor
and determination o f hi s spi rit and hi s administration o f the o ffi ce .
ST PAU L A ND VI CI N I TY
. 7 55
When he accepted this of fice early in the current year he made a

studious examination o f its requi rements and the legal provi sions which
governed it He soon discovered that the re are many outworn l imi tations
.
in the city ordinances wh ich seriously hampered an e ffi cient administra

tion o f the o f fice and he w ent to work to have these removed H e has
, .
succeeded to a consi derable extent in securing more authori ty f or the

health o fli c e and more speci fic enactments for its government and he has
been ti rele ss and unyielding in his e ff orts to improve conditions .
“
He has forced the elimination o f the p ublic drinking—c u p w hich was ,
considere d a menace to the general health o f the community and a f ruitful

source o f contagion ; secured the protection o f fresh f ruits and v eg e
tables exposed for sale f rom contact w ith flies an d insects ; brought about
strict regulations for barber shops and put in fo rce more uni form and
efl i c i e n t methods o f collec ting garbage So far hi s work has been ex .
c e l l en t i n character and very benefici al in results an d the people rej oice ,
in the fact that what he has done for the good o f the city is but a sign o f
what they may expect from the conti nuance o f his vigor and enterp ri se
”
i n the per form ance o f his o ffi cial duti es .
D r Lankester marri ed E lizabeth Anne P o l k i n gh o r n e and unto thi s

.
union eight children w ere born o f whom three are alive : Tessie Berry ,
w i fe o f Harry B Smith o f Rock ford I lli nois and they have o n e child
.
, , , ,
Howard L an k ester ; Hugh H oward o f St Paul passenger ticket agent , .

,
for the C N W Rail road an d S i dney Owen who i s unmarried and

. . .
,
lives w ith parents .
HE RM A N S TO C K E NS TR O M The late Herman S t o ck e n s t r o m scholar .

, ,
editor an d p o et was born i n S t j e r n s u n d Sweden on March 1 3 1 8 55

‘
, , , ,
.
Hi s parents were Carl Reinhol d Polhem and Joseph ina H enrika Char
lotta Tham von S t o c k en s t r o m H i s fami ly was o f noble blo od and hi s .
father was a l i fe member o f the R i c k s d ag a s the upper house o f parlia ,
ment was called Herman the son inherited a rich estate H e was edu
.
, , .
c a t e d at home by private tutors until he entered Falun and took his course
at Stockholm He graduate d from both schools and besi des attaining

.
excellence in literary work he was one o f the best athletes i n college ,

.
I n 1 874 M r S t o c k en s t r o m came to Philadelphia and subsequently took

.
a course at Au gu stana College in Rock I sl and I ll inoi s during which , ,_
time he taught for a time in that i nstitution Another year was spent i n .
Mol ine I lli noi s as editor o f a newspaper be fore he came to St Paul in

, , .
1 877 . I n M innesota M r S t o c k en s t r o m continued h i s education by study

.
i ng two years i n the state universi ty and then resumed hi s j our

n al i st i c work i n the capacity of edi to r He became Northwestern .
managing editor o f Th e H em l cm d e t o f Chic ago and has continued m thi s

position for eleven years and fo r seven years he was editor o f the ,
S v en s ka A m e r i ka m ka P os te n o f M inneapoli s the l eading S we dish ,
American weekly o f the northwest He has w ritten several poems o f

unusual merit o f which the be st known i s Det Nya M o de r s m o l et
,
” “
,
meaning the New Mother Tongue Another honor which fell to M r . .
S t o c k en s t r o m was that o f being American correspondent for the royal

library o f Stockholm All books publi shed in this country by Swedish .
Americans were submitted to M r S to c k en s t r o m and he i n turn sent copies .
to the royal library M r S t o c k en s t r o m s correct name was Carl Herman

. .
’
von S t o ck en s t r o m but he use d only the part o f it here i ndicated i n the

,
caption o f thi s revi ew

—2 0
.
V ol . II
.
M r S to c k e n s t r o m wa s marri ed to Anna Maria N el son daughte r o f

.
,
M artin and Christina Oby N elson natives o f Denmark and N orway , ,
respectively w here thei r fam il ie s have long bee n known They came
, .
to St Paul i n the pionee r days o f the c ity and the fathe r i s still l iving
.
,
a reti red l i fe here w ith his fami ly .
I n poli ti cs M r S to c k e n s t r o m was allie d wi th the Republican pa rty

. .
He w as at one time assistant sec retary o f state for the commonweal th o f

M innesota H i s able and scholarly conduct o f the newspaper w ith which
.
he was i denti fied was not only a valuable contribution to j ournali sm ,
but to general knowle dge and enlightenment The debt o f ou r northern .
states to the S c a n d a n a v i a n ente rp rise and culture i s i ncalculable and M r .
S t o c k en s t r o m could claim a generous share o f it Hi s demise i n the .
prime o f l i fe w a s a matter o f deep and w ide sp read regret but hi s fine -
i nfluence w ill not soon be lost .
The f ollowi ng i s a translation o f an appreciatio n o f th is gi fted gentle

man whi ch appeared sho rtly a fter hi s death i n a magaz ine i n Stockholm ,
S weden and was w ri tten by Jakob Bo n g gr e n edi tor o f S e e ms /2a Al m e r i k
"
, ,
a n ur e n o f Chicago :
,
One o f the founde rs o f S wedi sh — Ame rican l iteratu re E ditor H erman ,
von S t o c k e n s t r o m die d October 2 5 1 90 2 i n S t Paul M innesota He

, , , .
,
.
had i n this land o f democracy lai d asi de the ari stocratic title v o n a n d
, ,
‘
hi s signature was simply H erman S t o c k e ns t r o m N oble i n cha racter .
and soul he was at the same time a true democ rat simple unassuming
, , , ,
but the shy modesty the H oratian , .
’
Odi pr o f a n u m vulgu s a rceo
‘
et .
i n this case most approp ri ately interprete d : I abhor the lowminde d the ‘
,
’
vulgar the boi sterous and I avoi d them in dicated a refinement o f hi s
, , ,
nature wh ich i s not rare among the members o f the ol d ari stocratic
fam il ies .
“
O f S t o c k e n s t r o m it c a n be sai d as o f Bayard : H e was a knight ‘
without a fear Neve r di d he hesi tate wi th w hom soever i t might be to

.
’
wiel d a lance fo r the truth and for what he consi de re d right When the .
stri fe w as on it was fi erce and bitter ; the blows w ere well di recte d a n d
,
-
fell free and heavy But when the stri fe was over then he hastened to .
,
lay aside hi s armor and extend the han d o f peace L ow mi nded he could .
never be nor di d anger l ive l ong w ithi n hi s bosom For such does n o t
,
.
become a S wedi sh knight .
S t o c k en s t r o m s pen was keen an d cutting as well in poet ry as p rose

“ ’
.
,
He w as a sati ri st as well as a humori st ; w hen i rritated o r h i s humor

, ,
was awakened that si de o f hi s natu re was o ften di spla y ed He de fended

,
hi s convictions i n a manner which o ften cau se d hi s O pponents almost to

su f fer physical pain Al so i n th i s sense was he a p ioneer . .
“
As E d g r e n and En a n d e r S t o c k en s t r o m was o n e o f the founders o f ,
Swedi sh American poetry Many imagine that only that wh ich surp ri se s . ,
that whi ch awakens amazement that w hi ch i n a h igh degree excites , ,
i s poetry o f a higher natu re I f such were the case the n there would .
be much wh ich i s o f a l ow standard wh ich shoul d be place d foremost in

ou r l iteratu re and then nei the r S to c k e n s t r o m o r En a n d e r — no not even
, ,
E d g r e n coul d stand th e test

,
But those who have a true knowledge o f .
'
l ite ratu re j udge di ff erently They place Goethe s Olympian calm far .
’
above Byron s v iolent passion ; they give highe r p rai se to Schiller s m il d
’
,
’
pure clearness than to Tieck s and N ovali s mi stines s ; they find greater ’
. 7 57
’
delight i n Runeberg s classical simp licity than i n the new romancer s
’
pompous l an gu agq and bombastic expressions They poi nt out th at one .
who amazes i s not a gre ater poet— rather a lesser— than one who calms
and pleases us Those subj ects which i n themselves are o f a solemn
.
nature are usually so ful l o f poetry that it requires less e f fort to compose _
o f them than o f the t r i fle s o f our ev e r y day l i f e And time a n d again it . .
has been poi nted out by those who are competent that he who can sing
beauti full y and well o f the smallest a n d most i nsigni ficant things i n the
wo rld has i n thi s p roven himsel f a real poet .
S to c k en s t r o m o ften di splayed by hi s poetical treatment o f everyday

“
sub j ects that he was a poet by God s grace I f he had not been he coul d ’
.
never have made those subj ects poetical Subj ects o f a more serious .
nature were also treate d by h im i n a most success ful manner Duri ng .
th e last years o f hi s li fe he translated admi rably several E ngli sh hymns

i nto the S wedi sh among them the well known Lead Ki ndly Light ‘
,
.
’
S t o c k e n s t r o m s own poems— those o f a seriou s nature were noted

“
.
for thei r force dignity sim plicity and clearness They are f ound strewn
, , .
here and there in newspapers and j ournals but as yet have not b een ,
pub l i shed i n book form w hile on the other hand there i s muc h o f a low
,
standard which has been gathere d w ith the greatest eagerness by the
authors themselves and publ i she d—even here in S wedi sh — America .
“
Still , the time may come when that wh ich i s truly valuable i n l itera
tu re w ill attai n its place an d the ephemeral that wri tten f o r eff ect only
, , ,
shall be reduced to its real value an d di sappear i n the night o f

”
forget fulness .
W I LL IS Ro s s S H AW A l eader i n business aff airs and a publ ic .
spi rite d in fluential citizen the death o f Wi lli s Ross Shaw which o c
, , ,
curred March 8 1 909 was a di sti nct loss to the busi ness and civi c com
, ,
,
munity He had been identifie d w ith the city for many years and was
.
,
always known as a man o f abil i t y and i ntegrity in every relation o f li fe .
He was born at Winthrop Massachusetts February a son o f , ,
George and Mary ( Ross ) Shaw H is father who was born in Vermont .
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in 1 824 was one o f Davenport I owa s prominent early business men , , ,
having founded one o f the largest and in o s t success ful lumber compau
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ies there and at Cloquet Minnesota D uring his resi dence in the east
, , .
he had followed contracting and was engage d i n the real estate and ,
lumbe r business for a time at Davenport I owa be fore moving to S t , , .
Paul He and hi s w i fe were the parents o f fiv e chil dren three sons

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,
and two da ughters .
Willi s Ross Shaw spent the fi rst fi fteen years o f hi s l i fe i n his na tive
state o f Massachusetts and fi ni she d h i s education at D avenport Dur , .
ing hi s school days h e became associate d with hi s father in busi ness and ,
later was in business for himsel f i n I owa and Nebraska On locating .
at St Paul he was fi rst associate d with Will iam H Burns an d a fterwards

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was i n business for himsel f until hi s death H e was a di rector o f the .
S outh St Paul B ank an d was connected w ith many other business a f

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fai rs i n the city H e was a staunch Republican but neve r cared to

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hol d o ffi ce Fraternally he was a Mason an d his family belonged to the

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Congregational church .
I n 1 8 76 M r Shaw married M i ss Margaret B ell o f Green county

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, ,
Pennsylvania who survives him and resides at 3 70 Hull avenue There

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are five children namely Mabel who i s the w i fe o f George T Withy

, , ,
a member o f the firm o f t h e Rai lroader Printing C ompany o f St Paul and .

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7 58 ST . P AU L A N D V I CI N ITY
they have no ch ildren ; George W who was p rominent i n the lumber bu s i .

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ness at Cloquet M innesota and Spokane and w ho died September 1 9

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1 9 1 1 ; Sarah the w i fe o f Z H H utchinson and they have two ch ildren

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Wil li s S haw and H arry George Hutchi nson ; Al ice D who i s the w i fe o f .
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E arle H I ngall s o f Venice Cal i fornia a n d they have no children ; and

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Loui s E w ho marrie d M i ss E lizabeth L inkey and has one son Ross L

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o f Portland O regon , .
HE N RY C B ARTON I n the annal s o f Da kota county M innesota the

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name o f B arton occupi es a consp icuous position since M r Henry C , . .
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B arton s father D r Percival Barton i s a rep resentative pioneer o f M in
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n es o ta ,
and both fathe r and son have been prominently associated w ith
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the development o f the state s resource s i n var i ous fields
M r Henry C B arton was born i n Somerset county M aine on August
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1 6 1 85 1
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H i s parents were D r Percival and Sarah C ( Paine ) Barton
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both o f whom were born in Somerset county Maine the Doctor on the , ,
1 6 th o f N ovember 1 8 22 H e receive d an excellent education and at the

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age o f twenty six was graduated f rom the medical department of the
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U niversity o f Pennsylvania At the present time he i s the oldest l iving .
graduate o f that school D r Barton and h i s wi fe came to St Paul on . . .
the 1 8 th o f October 1 8 54 and located i n the vici nity o f I nver Grove

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D akota county where D r Barton began the p ractice o f hi s p ro fession

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Later he w ent to Waseca county a nd took up a claim o f which he became ,
owner bu t a fte r a short residence there he sol d i t and repai red to the
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tow n o f M errimac accepti ng a position w ith Cushing Cobb

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Com
pany who e stabli she d a m il l About 1 8 58 he kept boarde rs for them
, . .
I n addition to h is practice D r Barton engaged i n farming although at , .
fi rst he had only a hou se and lot .
When the Civil war threw the country i nto con fusi on D r Barton .
was one o f the fi rst to p rove hi s devotion to the land o f hi s bi rth by p ro f

f e r i n g hi s services in her behal f He received a commi ssion as assi stant .
surgeon to the Seventh M innesota Voluntee r I nfantry but wa s detaile d ,
to ai d other regiments H e saw real fighting for h e wa s at the battle.

,
o f Nashville and through the Mobi le campaign Fo r over a year he was .
in servi ce and du ring that time was i n fi el d work w ith the Twenty seventh
I ll inoi s O n o r about Ap ril
. he had an orde r f rom hi s superior
su rgeon to take po sse ssion o f some ol d buil dings i n the town o f Selma
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Alabama to open a Freedmen 5 Hospital thi s being the first opened fo r
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that pu rpose at the close of the war .
A fter hi s retu rn he e rected a steam saw m ill on hi s farm ; part o f the -
buil ding i s stil l stan ding in sight o f hi s h ome The saw mi ll was a .
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profitable investment an d for many years D r B arton kept i t running

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supplying lumber to h i s neighbors To the origi nal fa rm he added land .
from time to time until one hundre d and eighty fiv e acres now belong -
to hi s son H en ry C whose name heads thi s sketch When the farm was
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pu rchased i n 1 8 6 7 it was know n as the town o f M errimac but i t i s now ,
known as the Rivervi ew farm I n 1 8 58 D r Barton bu ilt the house i n . .
wh ich h i s son l ives at the p re sent time Du ring the year 1 8 76 he put u p .
a concrete hou se the construction o f whi ch i s unique since he bu ilt it o f ,
lime bu rnt on hi s ow n farm and o f rock picked up on the fa rm On .
the home farm i n 1 902 death summoned M rs Barton D r Barton makes . . .
hi s home with hi s son but for several years he has spent a p ortion o f h i s
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time eithe r on the Atlantic o r Paci fic coast I n the present year 1 9 1 1 .

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at the age o f eighty nine he i s enj oying a tri p to Cuba D r Barton i s a

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S T PAU L A N D V I CI N I TY
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w ith hi s father Fraternally the late M r B orup was a member O f the

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Masonic orde r H e was marrie d to M i ss E lizabeth Cu rran who surv ive s

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him and resi de s at 555 Summi t avenue i n St Paul Mr s Borup i s a . . .
native o f Dubl in I re land an d when she came to thi s country w ith her
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parents James and Anna ( B r agga n ) Cu rran the voyage laste d si x weeks
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bei ng o n a sailing vessel M rs B orup has but one child livi ng Charles . .
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Wi lliam who is unmarried and lives at home Through her daughte r

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Anna who i s now decease d she has two great —

, grandchil dren Anna , .
Borup became the w i fe o f Paul D Ferguson Thei r one child Pauli ne . .

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i s the w i fe o f Granville E mmet a prominent business man i n N e w Yo rk

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M r and M rs E mmet have two children : Paula Anna Temple E mmet

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and Granvil le Temp le E mmet .
J A M E S A BE LL E ver since sci enti fic inve stigation has p roven the

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importance and necessity for having pure mil k the p roduction o f that ,
article has been one o f the important industries in M innesota and many ,
farmers are speci al iz ing in dairy work One O f the p rom inent dai rymen .
and farmers o f N ew Canada township who has a well cultivate d tract ,
o f land i n section 1 1 i s James A Bell who wa s bo rn on hi s p resent prop, .

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e r ty M ay 6
, 1 8 62 a son O f Jame s and M argaret ( M c G i n n ) Bell native s
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O f I reland M r Bell s ancestors on the mate rnal si de came from Scot
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land James an d M argaret ( M c G i n n ) Bell had been acquainted in I re

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land but were not married u nti l a few years a fter coming to America
, .
Thei r marriage took place in M assachusetts an d they resi ded in that state
until Novembe r 1 8 50 at which time they came to St Paul and shortly
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the rea fte r M r .Bell purchased one hundred and si xty ac re s o f land on a
M exican Wa r land grant for $ 1 3 5 H e fi rst bu ilt a little log cabin on the , .
si de o f a h ill in which James A B ell was born but a few years later
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e recte d a larger home I n 1 88 2 the ne w house was destroyed by fi re . .
Jame s B el l d ie d in 1 8 6 5 and was buried i n Calvary cemetery St Paul ,

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He was a Democ rat in hi s pol itic al v iew s an d was he ld i n high estee m ,
by his fellow townsmen who elected him to variou s publ ic o f fices A fter
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h i s death hi s wi dow managed to keep he r family togethe r eight o f thei r ,
ten chi ldren grow ing up w hile si x are still l iving , .
As a boy Jame s A Bel l attende d the fi rst schoolhou se i n New Canada .
townsh ip which had been bu il t by hi s fathe r on the home farm the

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bu ilding being o riginally a granary H e grew to manhood on the home .
farm his mother l iving with him until he r death i n 1 889 O n April 2 2
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1 890 h e was marrie d to M i ss Amelia Carl son o f N ew Canada township

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w h o was born i n C h ri stiana N orway a n d came to the United S tates w ith , ,
he r parents whe n a chil d S ix chil dren have been born to thi s union : .
Harry J bo rn January 2 0 1 8 9 1 now engaged in farmi ng ; Ma rgaret

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, , , ,
Joseph Ol ive and James at home ; and o n e who died i n in fancy At the
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time o f the settlement o f hi s mother s e state M r B ell became the owner .
o f forty acre s o f the home farm and he al so rented about fi fty ac res in ,
addi tion to th is He has ai ry wel l venti late d buil dings and hygienic
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rule s are strictly l ived up to He i s a capable sh rew d business m a n a n d .

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excellent c iti zen and as an i ndependent Dem ocrat has fille d various town
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ship O ffic es including those O f constabl e and supervi sor M r B ell was
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reared in the faith o f the Catholi c church i n which h e was con firmed at ,
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the age o f sixteen years an d he n ow atte n d s the S t Peter s in No rth , .
St Paul H e has m any wa rm f ri end s i n the vicinity o f hi s home which

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i s located on Gladstone rural f ree del ive ry route NO I and i s p rom inent .
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socially being an enthusiastic membe r O f the Yeomen at N orth St Paul

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ST P AU L AN D V I C I N ITY
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A M BROS E P W RI GH T One o f the leading agr i culturists and promi

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nent public O f ficials of Ramsey county M innesota i s Ambrose P Wright , , .

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a farmer o f section 1 1 township 29 range 22 New Canada township , , , ,
and a citizen who has lived up to hi s O l d and honorable name his sterling ,
character being generally recogni ze d by hi s fellow citizens who have , ,
on many occasions placed their publi c interests in hi s hands . M r Wright

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was born on a farm about ten miles f rom Albany N ew Y ork August 3 1 , , ,
1 849 a son o f D avi d and Phoebe ( Gardiner ) Wright

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When A m brose P Wright was about three years O f age hi s parents .

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moved to Schoharie county N ew York and there he grew to manhood , , ,
attending the publ ic schools and the academy He graduate d f rom the .
latter institution when he was nineteen years old and at the age o f twenty ,
began clerking i n a store At the time O f hi s father s death two years .

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later Mr Wright sol d hi s i nte rests to his brother and moved to D elavan
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Wi sconsin and whi le there N ovember 3 0 1 8 76 he was unite d i n mar

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r i age w ith M iss E va S Pounder w h o was born i n that t own daughter .

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o f T h omas and E unice ( Lesl ie ) Pounder I n 1 8 79 M r Wright came . .
to North St Paul w here he was engaged in clearing up a property for

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C aptai n C astle an d i n 1 882 he purchased eighty acres o f hi s present land

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to which he has since added f rom time to time until he now owns a tract
o f one hundre d and twenty fiv e acres On first l ocati ng on thi s p roperty -
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M r Wright found a p ractica l wi l derness the land being covered w ith

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timber and brush w ith n o improvements O f any kind but by hard and
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persevering labor h e succeeded in putting the tract under cultivation and ,
each year found new buil dings bei ng erected and various improvements
being made unti l today thi s farm i s as fine as any to be foun d in the
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township M r Wright has established a reputati on as an excellent agri

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culturi st during h i s thirty years here and his fellow townsmen have ,
shown their confidence in hi s executive ability by electi ng him to various

positions o f honor and trust A Republ ican i n hi s politica l a f filiations he .
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cast his fi rst presi dential vote f or Ulysses S Grant He was the first . .
postmaster at North St Paul and hi s fi rst quarterly statement was for .

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hi s remuneration for discharging t he duties O f the O f fice be ing one

hal f o f that a mount and the po s t o ffic e was he ld i n h is own home He
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was chairman o f the town board for f our years an d county commi s ,
s i o n er fourteen years and during his incumbency w as i nstrumenta l i n

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opening most o f the roads in thi s section i n bui lding the b ri dge at , _
Lake Pha l en and in erecting many O f the smaller b ridges H e was chai r
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m an O f th e building committee when the p resent j ai l was e rected and a ,
member o f the board when the M arshall Avenue b r i dg e w a s put up For

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twenty years M r Wright was a member o f the school board serving

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almost continuously in that Of fice s ince coming here H e has served hi s .
party as delegate to nu m erous county and state conventions and i n 1 909 ,
made the race in the primaries for the o f fice o f member o f the State
Assembly and a l though thi s was one o f the fiercest struggles on record
, ,
there being n i ne con testa n ts i n the fi el d he lost the nomination by y only ,
one hundred votes Fraternally he 1 3 a popu l ar member O f the A O U

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W o f North S t Paul and he and hi s family are consi stent members

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,
o f t h e Presbyterian c hii r c h M r a n d M rs Wright had three chil dren . . .

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namely : Warren A who resi des at home and assists hi s father ; Ev a S

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who married Fran k H askel l a prominent attorney o f S t Paul an d has , ,
one child— E vely11 Loui se ; and Fred D who 1 3 al so assisting his fathe r , .
M r W right has taken an active part i n the development o f thi s part

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o f the county He has a l ways been i dentified with every interest that
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promoted the p rosperity and wel fare o f the community and i n doing so ,
has al ways been guide d by unselfi sh motives o ften losi ng sight o f hi s ,
own indivi dual interest in looking a fter the wel fare o f O thers .
A L B E RT R O LL I N S TAR K E Y St Paul i s fortunate i n the possession . .
o f men o f whom i t may be said almost w ithout exception that they are
imbued w ith a high idea o f duty i n or out o f O ffice a n d a s men o f abi l , ,
ity and training are fully able to cope w ith the responsibil ities and d u
ties placed upon them Among those whose services have made them
.
worthy o f laudation i s Albert Rol lin Starkey ex —fir s t assi stant city e n ,
g i n ee r M r Starkey i s ve ry loyal to the ci ty i n which he has electe d to

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maintain hi s home and in truth i n i t are containe d all those associa

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ti ons which appeal most deeply to the human heart for wi thin its boun ,
d a r i e s occurred h i s bi rth and hi s honore d father was one o f its p io

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n e e r s hi s com ing havi ng been as early as 1 8 49 w hen S t

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Paul a s a rude , .
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v illage gave l ittle prom i se o f the p rogressiveness pulchritude and p res

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tige whic h are now its own .
The date o f the bi rth o f M r Starkey was September 1 8 57 and .

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he i s a son o f the late Captain Jame s Starkey and hi s w i fe whose maiden ,
name was S arah A No r b u r n To the public school s O f the city he i s

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i ndebte d for hi s early education and hi s fi rst expe rience s as a wo rke r

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a n d wage earne r w ere as a rodman i n the c ity engineer s department
under L W Rundlett July 3 1 87 3 He p roved so faith ful and e f
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fi c i e n t i n small things a n d so soon acqui re d a w ide gene ral knowl edge

that he was given more and m ore to do and i n less than three yea rs ,
was placed i n charge O f the field party for the department an d r e

maine d i n thi s work unti l 1 8 7 9 Thi s rap i d advancement was solely .
the resul t o f diligent application and hard stu dy combined w ith a natu ,
ral aptitude and lik ing for the p ro fessi on .
During the following two years M r Starkey had a dive rsified e x p e .
r i e n c e i n locating and construction work for v arious rail ways and served
fo r a time unde r Maj or Allen U nite d State s engineer i n survey w ork , ,
for the upper M i ssi ssippi river reservoi rs and the p roposed l ock and dam
at Sauk Rapi ds and in similar work i n Wi sconsin for the government
, .
For eight years from 1 88 1 to 1 889 he was first assi stant to the city
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engineer i n S t Paul but the w ork at that time was by n o means as di f

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fic u l t a s at p re sent alth ough the results accompl i shed w ere lasting

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Du ring nearly the enti re decade O f th e go s M r Starkey devoted hi s tal ’

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ents to publ ic construction work in three states namely : M ichigan Wis , ,
consi n a n d M innesota He then became superintendent for the board

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o f water comm i ssioners fo r the city O f S t Paul and during that time .
,
di d much work that now stan ds a s a monument to hi s ability i n the ex

c e l l en t wate r system enj oyed by the c ity F r om 1 900 to 1 90 2 he was .
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assistant i n the city engineers department unde r Osca r Clausen the .
p resent incumbent o f the position When L W Rundlett succeeded Os . . .
car C lau sen in 1 902 M r Starkey was retained and hel d the position o f
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fi rst assi stant until April 20 1 9 1 2 when hi s re si gnation took e ff ect , , .
M r Starkey al ways kept pace wi th the progress o f the ti me s in hi s

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pro fe ssi on and i s regarded as one o f the best engineers i n the country
,
i n hi s particul ar l ine Whil e not engage d with the city o f St Paul or

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with the government he kept up h i s p ro fession by means o f the work

,
o f de si gn ing a n d supervi sing the constructi on o f sewer and water works

system s a n d water powe r p roj ects i n M innesota and othe r western
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states He i s now engaged i n th e manu factu re o f mining m a c h i n e r v

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. 7 63
M r Starkey has been twice married O n December 2 4 1 88 1 he mar

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rie d M i ss C arrie J L owrey o f Selma Alabama who died in Decem

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ber 1 902 I n D ecember o f the followi ng year he was unite d in mar

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r i a ge w ith M iss E mma J a e d e c k e O f thi s union four children have been .
born : Walte r W Arthur H Rollin E an d Warren L

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M r Starkey takes great pleasure i n hi s frate rnal associations which

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extend to the Benevolent and Protective Order o f E lks the Ancient ,
O rder o f U nite d Workmen the M odern Samaritans the Knights and , ,
La dies o f Security the Junio r Pioneers o f St Paul the H i storical S O

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c i et y i n which he hol ds a li fe membership and i n the l ine o f hi s p ro

, ,
f es s i o n he i s a membe r o f the Civi l E ngineers S ociety o f St Paul o f

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wh ich he was at one time presi dent and i s now representative and i s ,
al so a membe r O f the directorate o f the Association o f the We ste rn S o ~
c i e ty O f E ngineers .
DR . JOH N E L E A s D I T M A R S EN wa s born i n
Kandiyohi county M inne ,
sota i n ,
1 8 7 5, on D ecembe r 2 5t h H e w ent
to school i n St Pau l and . .
graduate d from the high school i n 1 90 1 He then ente re d the University .
o f M innesota to prepare for hi s p ro fessi on as a doctor o f dental su rgery

and graduate d in that department i n January 1 90 5 Fo r one year a fte r ,
.
his graduation he was in the o ffi ce o f D r B aker o f M inneapol i s and then .
looked about fo r a fiel d i n wh ich to locate for i ndependent w o rk H e .
selecte d S outh S t Paul and havi ng p rovi ded h im sel f w ith the most a p
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p roved modern appliances and furnishings took rooms i n one O f the new ,
O f fice bui l dings in South S t Paul w he re he has been locate d eve r si nce
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and whe re he has gained a la rge an d lucrative practice On M ay 9 1 906 .

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he wa s marrie d to M i ss Rosa Wi nni f red Jacobus the daughter o f M r

:
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an d Mrs C harles Jacobus a fami ly o f consequence in M inneap ol is Tw o

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daughters and one son have been born O f thi s union Rose E velyn April , ,
3 1 907 Lucille Nell ie October 6 1 9 1 0 an d John W M ay 2 1 9 1 2

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D r D i tm a r s e n i s a membe r o f the State Dental A ssociation and o f

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the C ommercial Cl ub O f South St Paul H i s chu rch membership i s w 1 t h

_
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the Lutheran denominati on In pol itic s he i s i ndependent Du ring the . .
time o f th e I ndian up rising in the northern part o f th e state in 1 905 and

1 906 he took an active part in the National Guards campaign He i s ’
, .
fond o f al l sorts O f out doo r sports and i s a fisherman o f note being par ,
t i c u l a r l y devote d to the rod and havi ng many large catche s to hi s credit .
To r g er D i tm a r s en his father was born in Bergen N orway in 1 8 34

, , , ,
.
He came to Ameri ca when a young m an seeking hi s f ortune H e fi rst , .
l ocated i n New York state and later went to Chicago I ll inoi s where he , ,
followed the trade O f a carpente r I n the early 603 he came to M i n .

’
n e s o ta crossing the country by wagon

, He w as accompanied by hi s young .
w i fe N e l l ie Johnson D i t m a r s en born February 2 0 1 846 at the Horn O f

, , , ,
Hel ge l an d N or w ay S he had come to C hicago i n 1 866 and was marrie d

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to M r D i tm a r s e n on J uly 2 4 th of the follow i ng yea i the Reverend E

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Krohn o f Chicago pe r form ing the ceremony ,
The young coup l e di d not come di rectly to Kandiyoh i county but ,
stayed 1 n Je ff erson county Wi sconsin u ntil 1 8 70 when they came to M in

, , ,
n es o t a .M r D i tm a r s en was a n Indian fighte r o f di stinction i n that

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region whi c h was at the time O ften overrun w ith bands o f Re dsk ins
, .
H e di d a generous share in the development O f the co unty and now in hi s

O l d age has sol d hi s farm to hi s son D r
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D i t m a r s e n wi th whom he i s ,
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,
spending hi s later years and enj oyi ng the com forts O f modern l i fe and the
society o f hi s chi l dren an d grandch il dren H i s wi fe was taken away f rom .
.
thi s mo rtal li fe on June 2 1 1 90 7 and was mou rned throughout the county , ,
where she had lived so long a n d had endeared h e rsel f to so many .
Besi de s D r D i t m a r s e n there w ere six daughters i n the family o f

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To r g e r and Nel lie D i t m a r s e n : M rs Sarah Ande rson M iss M ary D it .

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m a r s e n M r s E mma Tw ight living i n \V i s c o n s i n ; M rs D ina H oecker

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o f M ontana ; M rs Frank M iller and M rs Amanda L arsen I n addition . . .
to the fine farm which he bought f rom hi s father D r D i t m a r s e n own s , .
some valuabl e c ity property H is business ability is as marked as that he .
has evinced in hi s p ro fe ssi on i n wh ich he has an eve r increasing -
reputation .
F E M A G R A W Con spi cuous i n the commercial l i fe o f St Paul i s

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F E Magraw w ho se busi ness O ffi ce s a re locate d at 6 20 6 2 4 Globe buil d

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,
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ing H e is an e xtensive dealer i n municipal railroad and corporation

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bonds and also to an important degree i n comme rcial paper

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M r M ag r a w s p romi nence i s such that a review o f his caree r will not

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be necessary H is p resent high standing in the l ine o f endeavor wh ich

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he has made s o success ful has been b rought about hi s acquaintance s and ,
bu si ne ss col leagues assert by hi s firm pri nciple s o f fai r deali ng H i s ,

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busi ness now extends from coast to coast i ncluding many o f the largest ,
and most important ci ties w it h which hi s sta ff O f O ffice rep resentative s ,
keep the St Paul O ff i ce i n close touch . .
J A C OB J H A A s The meat industry has been developed in the United

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St ates in the last hal f century i nto one O f the most important enterprises
O f the country and to the handl ing and preparation o f thi s foo d n e c e s
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s i t y m e n o f business ability have given thei r time and e ff ort One o f the .
leading fi rm s along thi s l ine i n St Paul M innesota is that of Haas B roth .

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e rs whole sale and retai l deale rs i n meats w ith commodious busi ness
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quarters at N os 4 57 —59 S t Peter street successors to Casper Haas who

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was a pionee r i n this i ndustry here .
Jacob J Haas p re si dent o f the fi rm o f H aas B rothe rs was born Feb

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r ua r y 1 5 1 8 55 at Fort Wayne
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I ndiana and i s a son o f Casper and
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Marie ( B erg ) H aas The parents w ere born in Germany and came to .
America in 1 8 49 Caspe r Haas locate d first at B al timore M arylan d and

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f rom there went to Pennsylvania later to I ndiana and in 1 8 56 move d to , ,
Still water M innesota For two years he conducted a hotel at S til lwater
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and then came to St Paul where he entere d i nto the meat busi ness being .
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one o f the pioneers i n this l ine here and the founde r o f the busi ness i n
which hi s son s are still inte rested He continued in the same industry .
from 1 8 58 unti l 1 8 7 2 when he reti red f rom active participation i n busi ,
ness H i s death occu rred i n N ovember 1 8 8 5 H e married M arie B erg

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and fourteen chil dren were born to them the survivors o f the fam ily ,
being : M rs Marie Cunningham H enry G Charles L Jacob J and

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George all o f w hom resi de at St Paul

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Jacob J Haas O btai ned h is e ducation i n the schools o f St Paul wh ich

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he attende d unti l he wa s fourteen years o f age a fter which he assi sted ,
hi s fathe r an d subsequently learned the meat bu siness i n all its depart

ments When h e and hi s brothe r H enry G succeeded to the business
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the p re sent fi rm style was adopted and when the same wa s incorporated
Jacob J H aas became pre sident and John L Haas s o n o f Henry G b e
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came sec retary an d treasure r The standing o f th i s firm in trade ci rcle s .
i s very high and its products represent the best and most va ried that the
market o ff e rs the Publ ic .
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On September 1 5 1 88 2 M r . Haas was marrie d to M iss Anna Carroll ,
"M r and M rs
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who i s a daughter o f S Car roll a native O f M ichigan To

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Haas six chil dr en have been born namely : W i lliam Marie L oretta , , ,
Charl es C E sth er V L awrence J and Dolores M r H aas a n d family

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belong to the Roman Cathol i c church In politi cs he is a Democrat but .
has always been too cl osely immersed in business l i fe to be able to accept

publ ic o f fice o r be very active i n pol itical campaigns H e belongs to the .
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orde r o f M odern Woodmen to St P eter s Benevolent S o ciety a n d to the ,
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Society o f Junior Pi oneers M r H aas does n o t perm it himsel f much . .
recreation but occasionally enj oys a fishing trip .
F RA N K Y OU N G LO C K E a leading financier o f the state was trained i n, ,
the law and early 1 n hi s career engaged 1n the practice O f that p ro fession .
H e later turned his attention to banking an d hi s ex perience O f twenty ,
y ears includes active manage m ent o f a number o f i mportant financial

i nstituti ons i n the northwest ‘
B orn at Vinton I owa on August 2 3 1 8 66 Mr Locke i s the so n o f

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ames B u r tho n g and E lsie L ouisa ( Walley ) L ocke He was educated

Ji n the school s o f V inton primarily and f ollow ing hi s high school c o urse
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was a student at the I owa State College H e then prepared for hi s pro .
f es s i o n i n the University o f Iowa and was admitte d to the bar o f I owa

at D es Moi nes i n 1 888 Duri ng the f our years that followe d hi s admis
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sion to the bar he was ass i stant county attorney i n Polk county I owa ,
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H is career as a banker began i n 1 892 when he took the position o f cashier ,
in the state bank o f Sal ina Kansas where he remained two years T he , ,
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abi lity to deal success fully w ith practica l finance i s a rarer talent than
legal skill and wi th it he combined the hi gh i ntegrity and soun d j udgment
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that are the n e c c e s s a r y qual ifications o f the successful financier Fo r .
ten years from 1 894 to 1 904 h e was known as one o f the leading bankers
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o f I owa H e organized and was the first p resi dent O f the S ibley State
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B ank the Fi rst N ationa l B ank o f Melvi n and the First N ational Bank O f
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Harris all in that state He then came t o St Paul and f rom the first
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o f J ariu a r y 1 904 he was president O f the Security Trust Company

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He i s al so a director o f the Capitol National Bank i n w hich bui lding ,

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he has hi s O ffices .
I n politi cs M r L ocke i s a R ep u
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blican
. H e i s a m embe r o f the .
M innesota Club and the S t Paul Commercial Club and h is p rincipal .

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recreation he fi nds i n motor ing He resides at NO 4 2 West Fourth . .
street He was married o n October 5 1 8 92 i n D es M oines I owa to M iss

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Mabel Lucas .
C E D I C K E RM A N Although he di d not take up his permanent

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r esidence in St Paul until 1 886 the late C E D ickerman was inti

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mately connected with t h e fortunes o f the city from 1 8 70 on H i s faith . .
in the city s possibilities hi s keen foresight in di recting many o f its

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most important enterpri ses and his enthusiasm for whatever was a d ,
v a n c e d to promote the wel fare o f the communi ty p lace him amo n g the
builders o f the city H e was that both literally and figuratively for
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many o f St Paul s important business bui ldings were erected at his
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direction Hi s death o n April 2 6

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most loyal and p rogressive citizens .
C E D ickerman was born i n New Portage Ohio June 1 2 1 8 3 4 a

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son o f F Gilbe r t an d Abigail ( Hale ) Dickerman H is father was a

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merchant an d claimed northern Vermont as hi s place O f nativity Hi s .

7 66 ST PA UL AN D V I CI N I TY
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paternal grand father S imeon D icke rman was born north o f “f alling
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ford Vermont The D ickerman fam ily ha s a n intere sting coloni al hi s

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tory The first permanent settlement out o f Boston wa s a t D orchester

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M assachu setts w here a group o f settlers from Devon Dorset and Som
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er s ets h i r e E ngland had come w ith the Reverend Richard M athe r in

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1 63 0 . Among the l ittle ban d was Thomas D ickerman f rom whom ,
sprang the various branches O f the fam ily now scatte red all ove r this
country but chiefly i n N ew E ngland M embe rs o f the family attained .
p osi ti ons o f p rom inence among the clergy and in legal a n d m ilitary
circles Connected with the fam ily we re such di sti ngui shed N ew E n g
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land names as L yman De w itt Pratt Will iams and Chatterton Abi , , , .
gail Hale who became the mother o f C E D icke rman wa s the daughter
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O f Ma j o r Samuel H ale o f New Hampshi re both branches o f he r fam

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i ly being among the ol d fam il ie s who figure d as the earliest settlers in

the Western Reserve .
The boyhoo d O f C E D ickerman was spent in h i s nat ive v illage and

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the neighboring town O f Mogadore At the age o f fi fteen he was em .
ployed as clerk and salesman in a general store at Smithville Oh io at , ,
the wage o f fi fty dollars per annum T he money was sl ight but here .
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he acqui re d hi s fi rst lessons i n busine ss be sides learning the Ge rman

language At eighteen he set u p i n bu sines s fo r him sel f at M ogado re
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w here he remaine d until 1 8 55 when he went west as far as D ecorah , ,
I owa where he e stabl ishe d him sel f in the general mercantile bu siness
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I n 1 8 57 follow ing hi s marriage he remove d to Otranto M itchell county

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I owa w here he went i nto partnershi p w ith A A Aiken o f Decorah

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in the general me rchan dise bu sine ss H ere he i nvested largely in real .
estate as the town seemed to b e unde r way for a boom But the boom
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neve r came and instead went its quiet and unevent ful w ay while the young
promoter saw his sav ings practically lost with the e xception o f a few
hundre d acre s o f land H e mended hi s fortune s howeve r by a retu rn
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trip to Ohi o where he traded the land fo r a stock o f dry good s wi th

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w hich he ret urne d to D ecorah and establ i shed a gene ral merchandi se
store H e remaine d i n that business for some y ears and then went in
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for what p roved to be the bu sine ss inte re sts which held him for the rest
O f h i s l i fe real estate and secu rities
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I t was i n 1 868 that M r D ickerma n fi rst v i sited S t Paul which so . .

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imp resse d him that two y ears later he came back an d i nvested all the
capital he coul d spare i n St Paul realty At i nterval s he adde d to hi s . .
hol dings on a modest scale unti l 1 8 78 when he began to deal exten ,
s i v e l y in St Paul p roperty H e bought large holdings del iberately put

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ting hi s whol e fai th i n the ultimate success o f the city s future an d the
uti lization o f her splendi d resources The faith was j usti fied and he .
was abl e to continue dealing i n St Paul property I t i s e stimated that . .
he bought mill ions o f dollars worth o f real estate chiefly i n what i s ,
now the great whol esal e di strict and the city owes much o f her growth .
to him for he was re sponsible for the erection o f many valuable bu ild
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ings H e finally took up hi s permanent re sidence in thi s city in 1 886

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M r D ickerman was among the l i fe membe rs o f the Chamber o f

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Commerce and he wa s one o f the organi zers o f the Real E state and
Title Insu rance Company H e w as a l iberal contributor to the bu ild .
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ing fun d o f the Peopl e s chu rch o f which denomination he was an ac ,
tive membe r .
Besides hi s l ocal concern s M r D ickerman had large and dive rsi .
fie d intere sts outsi de o f St Paul He owned m ine ra l lands in Mon . .

7 68 S T PAU L A N D VI CI N I TY
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D uring thi s extended ca reer o f p ro fessional and gove rnment hono rs ,
Judge E dgerton had been eve r ready for military duty when such servi ce
1 1 as requi red o f American citi zens Such occa sions occu rred m ore c o n .
s p i c u o u s l y and impe ratively duri ng the early part o f hi s l i fe I n the y ears .
o f the Civil war he was made captai n o f Company B Tenth M i nnesota ,
I n fantry H e also engaged i n the S ioux wa r crossing the plains w ith

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General S ibley H e was later promoted to the rank o f colonel and a fter
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the c lose o f the war was made a brevet brigadier general .
In private l i fe as w el l as i n that o f public service Judge E dge rton s

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years were rich i n i nte rest and pu rpose H i s marriage took place when .
he was twenty three years O f age and at the time when he was beginn ing
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li fe fo r him sel f During the year o f hi s graduation and earliest teaching

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he was uni ted 1n mar riage to Sarah H Cu rti s at M iddletown Connecticut .

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H is family grew up about him as hi s career developed O f hi s chi ldren .

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two sons have die d Cu rti s i n 1 8 63 an d Sel din i n 1 8 6 1

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Five sons and .
two daughters yet live to carry on the nam e he has made so w orthily con
spi cuo u s . O f these E dward G and Wi ll iam M l ive i n S outh D akota
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while E mma S and Margaret R a n d thei r brothers George B Henry W

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and Alon zo J resi de i n S t Paul where to many thei r p resence i s v ivi dly
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1 e m i n i s c e n t o f one O f the city s most deeply app reciate d citizen s .
Judge E dgerton was a member o f the E p i scopal chu rch and o f th e

M asonic l odge H e i s remembered by the members o f both— and by the
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multi tude O f h is acquaintance as a man in whom dignity coul d never be

so ftened to pettiness nor hardened into pedantry ; whose keenness O f
intellect neve r l e d h im i nto imp ractically fascinating theories no r into the
attitude o f sardonic scorn ; and who se sen se o f j ustice and right— either
i n pol itical o r pe rsonal aff ai rs— was only a very concrete and scholarly
interp retation o f a great rul e which because o f its i ncompa rable value has
been compared to gol d .
C H AR L E S M C A N N O N M D One o f the most p rominent members O f

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the me dical p ro fessi on i n S t Paul whose reputation i s more than local i s.

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D r Charles M C annon who has been i n active practice i n the city for
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twenty years H e i s known i n pa rticular for hi s work along surgical l ine s

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and as a surgeon i s excelled by few i n the state Hi s p ractice i s exceed .
i n gl y large a n d how he accompli shes the amount o f work that he does in

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one d ay i s a ma rvel even to tho s e who know him best The secret p robably .
lies i n the absorption w hich he feel s in hi s work and the inde fatigable ,
energy which he seems to possess .
D r Charles M Cannon was born i n Wi sconsi n August 1 8 1 86 1 hi s

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parents being E phraim and E mi ly I ( Oviatt ) Cannon H is father was a . .
native o f N ew York state and hi s m other was born in Pennsylvania H i s .
father was a farmer and fo r many years l ived i n Wi sconsin late r moving ,
to I owa where he continued to carry on h i s agri cultural pursui ts He d ied

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in the latter state in 1 90 1 at the age O f seventy fou r years The mother
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o f the D octor stil l l ives at the O l d home i n I owa She an d he r hu sband .
were the parents o f thi rtee n chil dren o f whom t en are now living and o f , ,
the se Charle s i s the sixth i n orde r o f bi rth .
The publ ic school s o f Cherokee I owa furni shed the elementary educa , ,
ti on o f D r Cannon and he took hi s collegiate work i n D rake Un iversity

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at Des M o ine s Iowa Upon completing hi s l iterary e ducation he ente red

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Bennett M edical College i n Chicago f rom which he was graduated in the ,
class O f 1 8 88 w ith the degree o f M D S oon a fte rwards he went to

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Al den M innesota w here he began h i s active caree r as a p ractic ing physi

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c i an . A fter two years spent here he went to White E arth M innesota as , ,
United States surgeon I t was in 1 892 that he c ame to S t Paul and .

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opened an Offi ce i n S t Anthony s Park where he began to buil d up a large .

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pract i ce whi ch 1 5 now exceeded 1 n size by that o f few o f hi s p ro fession i n

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the Twin Cities He keep s closely 1 n touch with the daily developments
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along surgical lines and has per formed a number o f note — w o r t h y opera
tions which have made him a marked figure 1 n medical circle s
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The Doctor i s a m ember O f the American M edical Associatio n an d is

deeply 1 n sympathy with the work o f thi s association as well as with that
o f other fraternal associations outsi de O f hi s pro fession He i s a member .
o f the Masonic order a ffil i at i n g w ith the Western Star L odge at Albert ,
Lea M innesota and with the M i nnesota Chapte r N o 1 Royal Arch

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Masons He i s also a member o f the E lks belonging to St Paul L odge

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N o 9 and i s i dentified with the Moder n Woodmen o f America the Royal

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Arcanum and the Foreste rs as well as bei ng past grand medical examiner ,
o f the Ancient Order o f United Workmen H e i s al so a member o f the .
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M i dway Manu facturing Club and since locating in St Anthony s Park .
has never lost an opportunity to sho w hi s i nterest i n the public a ff airs of

the city and o f i ts citizens From 1 902 unti l 1 905 he was a member o f the .
state board o f medical examiners o f M innesota H i s extensive practice .
has force d him to engage several assi stants .
D r C annon was married on the 3 d o f July 1 888 to M i ss E dith M

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M orey who was at one time a ve ry success ful teacher i n the schools at
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Albert Lea M innesota They have t hree chil dren namely Flo ssie M
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Blossom I and Harry M . .
LE ONARD B UR E S Whenever an immigrant crosses the ocean from .
E urope to America it means that sooner o r l at er many others w ill follow

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him because he will write o f the success h ere w hich i s sure to come to h i m
, ,
and his former friends profiting by hi s example w ill come over al so to , ,
seek new homes upon our free soil Thus it i s that one immigrant b rings .
many others E very country o f E urope contributes to our growth and the
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people who come ove r a r e the most adventurous independent sel f reliant , ,
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and liberty lovi ng Thus America has fo r more than a century drained all
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o f E urope o f its best an d warmest blood and the result has bee n to
stimulate its growth and development almost beyond calculation E very .
branch o f industry has fel t thi s invigorating i mpulse and ha s respon d ed

w ith a fi rmer and more enduri ng growth L eonard Bure s farmer an d .
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county commissioner i s a nat i ve o f Germany the country which more , ,
than any other has contribute d to thi s result H is fine farm o f eighty
acres i s si tuated i n section 9 White B ear township hi s post O f fice address , ,
bein g White Bear Lake R R NO 1 He 1 5 serv i ng his thi rd term as com ,

. . . .
m iss i oner and i s a man who has given most e fficient service i n a numbe r
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o f impo r tant publi c capacities having been fourteen years town clerk , ,
fi fteen years assessor and twenty years school director .
Thi s worthy citizen was born on a farm near the city o f Trier prov ,
i nce o f Rhine Germany March , th e s o n o f Leonard and E v a ,
( Schmidt ) Bu res M r Bures had the mi s fo rtune to lose hi s father when

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he was s i x years o f age but the farm remaine d i n the family and there ,
hi s early years were passed He attended school to the age O f fourteen .
and then worke d on the home farm until the age of twenty when d esiring , ,
a field o f wi der opportunity he brought his mother a n d two si sters w ith ,
him to America They were thirteen days crossi ng the Atlantic and
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landed at Baltimo re M aryland from w hich ci ty they came directly to St

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Paul M r Bu res a n d a sister assumed the support of the family by work

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ing out in the city for about six months but they soon saw thei r way to ,
greater i ndependence a n d rente d a farm i n Dakota county and there

resi de d together i n com fort and happiness until the mother wa s called to
eternal rest i n 1 8 8 3 In the spring o f 1 884 M r Bures bought the p lace
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upon which he now resi de s When he fi rst secured i t it was mostly w ild .
land and the only habitation it boasted at that time was a log cabi n si x
teen by eighteen fee t i n d imension Thi s had been bu ilt about 1 8 7 8 a n d it .
sti ll fo rm s a substantial part o f the sub j ect s present resi dence the n e w ’
f rame part having been bui lt in connection .
On J une 1 4 1 8 98 M r Bu res lai d one of the most important stone s i n

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the foundation o f hi s success by hi s marriage to Johanna O Co n n e l l a ’
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native o f M ound s V iew township the i r union bei ng celebrated at Mound s ,
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View chu rch M rs Bu res i s a daughte r O f Timothy and Nora ( M c

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Carthy ) O Co n n e l l The union o f the subj ect and hi s w i fe has been

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ble sse d by the bi rth o f a qua rtet O f p romising children namely : M ary , ,
L eo na E llen Lill ian a n d L eonard

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I n hi s pol itical faith M r Bu res i s an independent D emocrat a n d he i s .
exceedingly publ ic spi rited giving h i s support to all goo d measures H i s

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service as townsh ip assessor a n d clerk has been mentioned He was a .
di rector o f school district N o 2 3 for th ree years and has been treasurer .
o f the same for ove r twenty years still hol ding that o ffice He was elected , .
county comm issione r i n the fall O f 1 906 a n d i s now serving his thi rd term .
He has been instrumental i n securing many notabl e public imp rovements

i n the way o f publi c roads and the l ike and the township i s p roud to point ,
to him as o n e o f its rep resentative citizens .
M r and M rs Bures w ere reared i n the Cathol ic faith and attend the
. .
White B ear church being help ful in its campaign for good M r Bures
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pleasant frate rnal rel ations are with the E agles an d the Foresters at White
B ear .
B E N J A M I N CA Y O U was one o f the early settlers o f M innesota who bore

a di stingu ishe d part i n the I ndian wars o f the earlier time s in addition to
serving i n the Civil war H e was a descendant o f a n honored French .
fami ly o f St L oui s where hi s fathe r Joseph Cayon was a mechanic H i s

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mothe r I sabel la B runo was al so o f French extracti on

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The fam ily , .
moved f rom St L oui s to L ittle Canada M innesota Ben j ami n was edu
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ca t e d at St L oui s and there he engaged i n farming unti l the war b roke

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out He f elt that there wa s no question as to h i s duty an d as he had

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fought to prese rve h i s home from the savages he took it much as a matte r
o f cou rse that he shoul d go to the front to save the U nion H e enl isted i n .
the E ighth M innesota Company C a n d serve d th ree years and seven , ,
month s .
On Ap ril 2 7 1 867 he was marrie d to Susan O B r i e n born i n County

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Galway but a resi dent o f thi s country since he r childhood They we re

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the parents o f six ch ildren as follows : Joseph deceased ; O B r i e n ; E l i za , ,

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beth wi fe o f Jame s W Will iam s St Paul and they have four chi ldren
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Frederick S Jean Susan Grace Frances a n d John Spencer ; Vi rginia

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wi fe o f Donal d K H oopes S t Paul ; Susan si ngle an d Thomas who i s

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married a n d l i ve s at B i smarck N orth D akota M r Cayo u lived i n Still ,

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wate r u p to the time o f hi s death w hen M rs Ca y o u and family moved to , .
S t Paul
. All are membe rs o f the Cathol ic chu rch and attend St
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L uke s ’
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ST PAU L AN D V I C I N I TY
. 77 1
A L B E RT E M E RY M I DDL ETON One o f the well know n business men o f .

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St Paul whose pre sent prominence i n the commercial world has been at
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f ained through hi s o wn ability is Albert E mery M i ddleton sales manager , ,
fo r the John A Dunn Company and presi dent and treasurer o f the M i d
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way Publ ishing Company M r M iddleton i s a citizen who ha s always . .
aimed to advance the i nterests o f the city of h is residence bel ieving that ,
the community i n which he has lived a n d w hich has libe rally contribute d to ,
whatever success he has attained deserves o n his part a recip rocal obliga ,
tion H e was born November 1 5 1 8 78 at New B ritain Connecticut an d

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was there reared a n d educated attendi ng the common school s and passing ,
two years in the high school H i s studies were cut short however by the .
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death o f hi s father and as he was the ol dest o f a family o f eight chi ldren
,
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it was necessary for him to early contribute to the support o f the fami ly
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the bu rden o f wh ich reste d upon hi s shoulders for a numbe r o f ye ars .
As a youth M r M i ddleton secured employment with L anders Frary 81

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Clark cutlery manu facturers and after serving a two year app renticeship
, ,
he was p romote d to the position o f head o f the packi ng department o f

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which he was given complete charge H e was employe d continuously i n .
vari ou s positions o f trust by manu facturing concerns with the exception ,
o f two years when he was in charge o f the supply department o f the T rav
elers I nsurance Company o f Hartford C onnecticut and eventually b e
’
, ,
came head cost accountant repr esenting the factory o f the John A Dunn , .
C ompany chai r manu facturers o f Gardner M assachusetts later v isiting

, , , ,
the S t Paul branch o f thi s busi ness which was establi shed i n S t Paul I n
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, .
1 904 and shortly a fte rw ard took charge thereo f

,
L ater whe n the busi .
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ness grew to such large p roportions that an extension o f the working

force became necessary M r F M Co l l e s t e r came from the east to take, . . .
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the business management while M r M i dd l eton was made manager o f the , .

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sales department He i s a man o f great executive ability as has been

.
,
demonstrated by hi s able manageme nt o f the department o f which he has

control and possesses keen insight and inherent busine ss acumen I n hi s
, .
deali ngs he has been upright honorable and conscientious an d as a citizen , ,
is active in advancing the i nte rests o f St Paul These have been the char . .
a c t e r i s t i c and gu i ding pri nciple s o f hi s l i fe a n d to them i s due the fact ,

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that he i s one o f St Paul s most highly esteemed young business ci ti zens
. .
M r M iddleton became a member o f the M asonic o rder at Gardner

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Massachusetts an d subsequently trans ferre d hi s membership to St Paul

, .
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whe re he al so belongs to the B P O E lodge No 59 an d the M idway . . . . .

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Commercial Club I n religious faith he w a s reare d in the E pi scopal

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church and now attends S t John s chu rch o f that denom i nation Pol iti
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cally a Republ ican he has neve r entered public li fe finding that hi s busi
, ,
ness interests demand all o f hi s time and attention .
As y yet M r M i ddleton i s unmarried and he pleads i n extenuation O f

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,
that f a ct that he has been compelled to travel so much that he has been
unabl e to establi sh a ho me O f his own He bel ieve s however that it i s .
, ,
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eve ry business man s duty to eventually establi sh a home o f hi s own and ,
has ultimate hopes and ambitions in this di rection He makes an extended .
trip to the western coast sem i annually i n the interests o f the busi ness and -
, ,
so success ful has he been that hi s sal es record places him i n the position .
o f the acknowledged peer o f all the furniture salesmen .
A L E X A N D E R R A M S E Y The primacy o f Alexander Ramsey who was .

,
born near H arrisbu rg i n Dauphi n county Pennsylvani a September 8 , , , ,
1 8 1 5 and died i n Saint Paul April 2 2 1 903 in t he publ ic li fe and p rivate

, , .
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V ol . II — 2 1
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citi zenship o f the community i n which most o f hi s fruit ful years were
spent has been universally r eo g n i z e d H e fill ed many exalte d O ffi ci al posi .
tions in hi s home and i n hi s adopte d states an d i n the gover nment o f the

,
U nited States He was a member o f the house O f rep resentatives i n Con

.
gre ss for two te rm s while a resident o f h i s native county a n d state and ,
be fore he was thi rty years O f age He was gove rno r o f the territory o f .
M i nnesota fo r the fi rst fou r yea rs o f its ex i stence and ex o ffi c i o s u pe r i n ,

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tendent o f I ndian a ff airs ; he was mayor o f S aint Paul f rom 1 8 55 to 1 8 57 ;

he was governor o f the State o f M innesota f rom 1 8 60 to the time w hen
he was elected to the Uni te d State s senate f rom M innesota i n wh ich he ,
se rved two term s o f si x years each H e was secretary o f w ar unde r the .
admini strati on o f President Hayes and once during that service al so , ,
acted as sec retary o f th e navy He filled several mi no r O f fices such as .

,
commi ssione r to treat w ith the Indians o f both the S ioux an d Chippewa
tribes and comm i ssione r to carry into e ff ect the act o f congress for
,
aboli shing polygamy i n the territory and among the people o f Utah .
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O n hi s fathe r s si de he was o f Scotch descent Hi s grand father Alex .
,
ande r Ram sey was born i n ea ste rn Pennsylvania an d h i s father Thomas

, , ,
Ramsey near the town o f York June 1 5 1 784 The l atte r was an O ffi cer
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i n the o f 1 8 1 2 a n d died when the subj ect o f thi s sketch was about
,
ten years old H i s mothe r E lizabeth Kel ker was a descendant o f some
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o f the ea rly German settlers o f Pennsylvania I t w ill be thu s see n that he .
descende d f rom two stu rdy and e ne rgeti c race s and i n h i s temperament ,
and habits he combi ne d some o f the best characteri stics o f both .
L e ft an orphan by the death o f hi s fathe r young Ram sey became a ,
p rotege o f a grand uncle Fre derick Kelker a me rchant o f high stan ding
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i n H arri sburg i n w ho se store he was f or a time employed When stil l a

, .
youth h e was employed as a cle rk i n the o f fice o f registe r o f deeds o f

Dauphi n county O f hi s own vol iti on he learne d the trade o f carpenter as
.
a p ossible 1 e s o u r c e fo r emergencies He wa s constantly pu rsui ng hi s .
studie s h o w ever an d at the age o f eighteen was enabl ed to enter La fayette

, ,
C o l l ege at E aston Pennsylvania where he took a partial collegiate

, t
course , i
with i n te rval s o f teaching I n 1 8 3 7 he began the study o f law w i t h H on

H amil ton Al rick s o f Harri sbu rg H e complete d hi s legal education at
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the law sch ool at Carli sle and wa s admi tte d to practice i n 1 8 3 9 He pu r , .
sued hi s p ro fession succe ssfully in H arri sburg for seve ral years H e also .
mani fested a n active interest i n political a f fai rs as a n adherent o f the ,
Whig party I n the Harri son campai gn O f 1 840 h e wa s secretary o f the

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state electoral college and i n Janua ry 1 8 4 1 he was elected chie f clerk o f , ,
the Pennsylvania hou se o f representatives .
I n 1 84 3 M r Ramsey was electe d to Congress In 1 8 44 he was again

. .
nominated and el ected and w oul d undoubtedly have received a th i rd term ,
but that he declined a renomination whi ch was ten dered him in 1 8 46 .
On September M r Ram sey was united i n marriage w ith M i ss .
Anna E arl Jenk s a daughter o f H on M ichael H Jenk s a j udge for m an v

, . .
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years of Buck s county Penn sylvania and a representative i n Congress , ,
f rom 1 84 3 to 1 8 4 5 From thi s un i on were born two son s both o f whom

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died i n i n fancy and one daughte r Marion now M rs Charle s E Fu rness

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o f St Paul The chi ld ren o f M rs Fu rness are : Alex Ram sey Fu rness
. . . .
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l iving i n St Jo seph M i ssou ri ; Anna E Ram sey Fu rnes s a n d L aura

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Fu rness o f St Paul , . .
I n 1 8 48 M r Ram sey w a s chai rman o f the state committee o f the Whig

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party an d conducte d the succe ssful campaign for Z achary Taylo r a s p resi
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dent I n M arch 1 849 Pre si dent Taylor appointe d him gove rnor o f the
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774 ST PAUL A N D V I CI N I TY
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ness world that he wa s able to clothe arm a n d equip i n all respects for ,
active se rvice at least five regiments o f i n fantry o f o n e thou sand men

each seve ral batteries and some squad rons o f caval ry
. .
Wh en more than five thousand troops had le ft the state a n d were

servi ng in the armi es at the south and a call accompanie d w ith a dra ft , ,
h a d been made upon all the states for th ree hundred t housand more troops ,
and the state o f M innesota was wel l advance d i n meeting thi s call there ,
occu rre d o n e O f those I ndian uprisi ngs upon ou r frontier w ithout a n y ,
p reviou s warning that cau se d al l men to tremble a n d lai d many prostrate

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w ith f ea r Fol lowing an eveni ng that was peace ful and serene a m orn
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ing came filled w ith destruction a n d dismay threatening the desolation ,
o f the we ste rn f rontie r o f M inne sota for three hundre d m ile s The .
S i ou x nation O f I ndians had suddenly declared w a r and like all the , ,
w a rs o f those savages it was waged agai nst women and chi ldren
,
N one .
w e re spared o r allow ed to e scape e xcept the a rmed soldie r a n d many ,
o f these we re shot f rom ambuscade Th is was enough to arouse all the .
fi re o f the Governor and bri ng i nto strongest action those faculties that
he had inhe rited from Revolutionary sires He saw the desolation o f the .
frontiers going on an d the populati on fleeing f rom the state He i m

, .
m ediately summoned all the resource s o f the state turned all the able ,
bodied m e n back to the frontiers fought battles de fensi ve a n d o f fensive , '

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w ithou t organized t roops using the farmers with thei r shot guns a n d
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m e n o f every class w ith thei r most avai lable weapon s to fight i n l ines
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o f battle and j udges O f the supreme court who had rece ive d no mili tary
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e ducation to command them .
Gove rnor Ramsey called hi s long—time political rival General H H , . .
S ibley to the ch ie f command and i n a remarkably short campaign the

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savages we re de feate d i n battle an d drive n beyond the boundaries o f the

state all thei r w hite p ri sone rs were released an d confidence was restored
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to the people o f the f ron t ie r neve r a fterward to be se ri ou sly menace d

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I n January 1 8 63 Governor Ram sey was electe d Un ite d S tates senator

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f rom M innesota a n d i n 1 8 69 at the close o f hi s term was r e elected for

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si x yea rs more Du ring thi s period he serve d a s chai rman on seve ral
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important standing committees among them those o n p o s t o ffi c e s a n d post ,
roads o n te rritories e t c Postal re form occupie d much o f hi s attention

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during thi s time He fi rst i ntroduce d the bill for the repeal o f the frank
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ing abu se a n d v i sited France i n 1 86 9 to u rge cheaper international p ost

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age which w a s n o t long a fterwa rds adopted The improvement o f the

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M i ssi ssippi river and its navi gabl e tributarie s ; the a iding o f the Northe rn
Pacific Rail road ; a ssi sting t he te rritories o f Dakota and M ontana to
O btain necessary legi slation ; the encouragement O f trade w ith M anitoba .
and othe r measures to benefit the Northwest found i n Senator Ramsey ,
an active supporte r No membe r o f Congres s during h i s term worked

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harder o r more success fully for the inte rests o f h is constituency or for ,
the general p rospe rity o f the Union than he .
Governor Ram sey w as appointed secretary o f w a r by President H ayes ,
and serve d until the close o f that term i n 1 88 1 H e admini ste re d the ,
.
d epartment w ith great w i sdom and di scretion Du ring his admini stration .
a s muc h p reparation wa s made for the de fense O f ou r great cities o n

the sea coast by procuring the heaviest ordnance and adopting the most
skill ful methods o f operating the same w ith e fficiency as h as been made
in a n y l ike peri od He o ften adm ini stered the department o f the navy
.
as acting secretary while h e w a s s ec r e t a r v o f war .

. 77 5
He served from 1 88 2 to 1 886 under an appointment by P resident

A rthur as a member o f the Utah commi ssion provi de d for by the E d ,
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munds Act .
M rs Anna E Ramsey departed th is li fe N ovembe r 2 9 1 8 84 aged

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fif ty e i gh t years
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No biography o f Se nator Ramsey would be complete

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without doi ng ful l j u s t i c e t o the memory o f thi s superior woman From

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the day o f he r advent into M innesota i n 1 849 to her death a period o f ,
thirty —fiv e years M rs Ramsey was one o f the foremost figures in society
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i f not the most prominent i n social ci rcles o f both St Paul an d Washing .
ton E n dowe d by nature with a striking pe rsonal beauty with a com

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manding and queenly presence with amiabl e and winning manners M rs , ,

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Ram sey remained unchangingly the center o f an admi ring c i rcle o f

frien ds During thi s time she was foremo st not only as a generous
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supporter but as an active worker i n every charitable and benevolent

movement i n S t Paul a n d was a si ncere member o f her church A n d
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while no domestic and maternal duties were omitted he r spacious resi ,
dence was continually the scene o f those charming receptions a n d enter

t a i n m e n t s wh ich gave enj oyment to he r large ci rcle o f friends a n d whe re ,
she dispensed a generous hospi tal ity w ith a grace an d attractiveness

which were o n e o f the noted features i n soc ial li fe he re fo r a generation .
Governo r Ramsey l ive d to the venerabl e age o f nearly eighty eight -
years blesse d with intellectual and physical vigor to the last A fte r hi s
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reti rement from publ ic li fe he enj oyed seventeen years o f a serene and
beauti ful o l d age ever alert and intereste d in current events eve r
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sol icitou s for the wel fare o f the city state and nati on he had se 1 ved so ,
faith ful ly ; ever showered w ith ab undant testimonials o f the a f fectionate

esteem o f hi s fellow citizens .
He was the wi se counsellor in many enterprises fo i the publi c good .
H e w as the honored guest at innumerable civ i c and patrioti c functions .
He served as presi dent o f the State H istori cal Society o f which he ,
was a l i fe —long member and to which he had been a great bene facto r H e
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was a leading sp i ri t at the r e —unio ns o f the O ld S ettlers Associ ation ’

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He was an hono red member o f the L o ya LL e g i o n and keenly reli shed its
convocations He was a trustee o f the H ouse o f H ope Presbyterian
.
Chu rch and a regular attendant at i ts services .
I n physical appearance he was a large w ell formed fine looki ng , ,

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gentleman with a countenance exp ressive O f dignity force an d at the

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same time O f amiabili ty and always beaming wi th good humo r As a

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conversational ist Governor Ramsey was very entertaining having seen

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so much O f m en and thi ngs i n hi s long a n d active li fe and having a
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tenaciou s m emory full o f valuable remini scences H is venerable and .
dignified form w as well known on our streets and i n publi c place s an d ,
he en j oyed meeting 0
w ith hi s ol d asso ciates i n a soci al way .
He di ed Apri 1 2 2 1 903 ful l o f years and o f honors Numerous

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tributes were pai d to hi s memory The Commi ttee o f the L oyal L egion .
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composed o f General John B Sanborn General J W B i shop General .

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L F H ubbard an d M r Joseph A Wheelock conclude d i ts memorial

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w ith thes e significant words :

What remains i n store for the ri sing generation i t i s not fo r us
o f the generation now passi ng away to say but we know that none o f u s ,
shall ever see i n the high o f ficial positions o f the state a n d nation his
”
li ke again .
.
l i A R LE D A N I E L J AC KSO N I n these days when e ffic iency i s the fo re .
w ord i n eve ry trade pro fe ssion art an d science enginee ring i s o f the , , ,
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fi rst impo rtance and has become a p rom inent feature in the wo rl d s
,
p rogres s N otewo rthy among the brainy w ide awake young men who
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have become actively i denti fied w ith thi s branch o f mechanics i s E arle
Daniel Jackson o f Saint Paul con sulting engi nee r not only i n hi s own
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ci ty i n regard to lighting heating and water supply but al so i n variou s , ,
o the r municipali tie s i n M innesota and the D akotas He was bo rn . .
August 2 4 1 88 2 near Jane svi lle Wiscon sin o f e xcellent ancestr y

. , ,
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Hi s fathe r Rev Daniel Bull Jack son w a s educated at Union Col lege
,
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in Schenectady l e w York and at P 1 i n c e to n Theological Seminary He

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married E mma E a stman a native o f Aubu rn Pennsylvani a The a h , , .
c e s t r y o f the Jack son family i s ch ronicled a s follows :
E arle D aniel Jackson bo rn Augu st 2 4 1 88 2 near Janesville “f i s , . , ,
con si n . Daniel Bull Jack son father bo rn M ar ch 6 1 840 at New , , , ,
bu rgh Ne w Yo rk d ied November I 3 1 899 Wm Wickham Jack son

, . . . . .
grand fathe r born i n Orange county N ew Yo rk February I 1 7 98 ; died

, , , ,
February 2 7 1 86 1 Richard Jack son father o f W ill iam W Jackson

. .
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bo rn M arch 5 1 7 68 ; died January 1 5 1 8 3 8 Wm Jackson fathe r o f

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Richard Jackson born at Colerai ne Ca stle County Down I reland H e

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emigrated 1 7 66 and d ied M arch 8 1 8 2 1 Hel d a comm issi on ( captai n ) i n . .
the regular arm y o f the Revoluti on H i s company was enl i sted and equ ip .
ped b y him sel f resulting i n hi s impoveri shment Richa rd Jackso n fathe r

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o f \V i l l i a m W Jack son as above m a 1 r i e d M a i y Jackson born i n 1 768

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She wa s the dau g hte r o f Wi l liam Jack son w ho was bo rn i n 1 74 7 a n d

died i n 1 77 5 Thi s William Jack son 1 1 as the s o n o f M ichael Jack son
.
who fought i n the French and I ndian wars and was a membe r o f the ,
Continental Congress Wi lliam Jackson ( son o f M ichael ) was a captain .
i n the Revolutionary army ; u a s engage d i n the battle o f L ong I sl and .
August 2 5 1 7 7 6 : was wounded taken p r i so n e 1 and died i n the O l d

. .
suga 1 hou se pri son .
Brought up i n M i nneapol i s M i nne sota E arle Daniel Jack son rece ived , .
h i s elementary education i n its publ ic school s and in 1 90 5 was gradu .
ated f rom the U ni ve rsity o f M innesota with the degree o f E lectrical ,
E ngi nee r I n orde r to fu rthe r pe r fect him sel f in hi s cho sen pro fe ssion
.
he subsequently serve d a speci al apprenticeshi p wi th the Alli s Chalmers

Company Cincinnati Ohi o a n d in 1 906 became i denti fied with the
, ,
We stin ghou se E lectric and M anu factu rin g Company Pittsbu rgh Penn ,
sylvani a Com in g i n the same yea r to S t Paul M r J ackson became

. . . .
associated wi th E dward P Bu rch c on sulting enginee r at M inneapoli s . . . .
i n the electri fication o f the shops o f the American Hoi st and De rrick
Company the Cha rles A Stickney Compan y the No rthe rn I ron Mall
. . .
e ab l e Company o f Saint Paul the Kilgore P e t e l e r Company o f M in

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,
neapoli s an d o f othe r w o r k Du ring the fal l o f 1 90 7 M r Jackson was

, . .
i n hyd roelectric wo rk i n “ i sc On s i n and i n the summe r o f 1 908

.
engaged b
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was c h i e f mechani cal engi nee r for the Black Mou ntain Mi ning C om
pany at Magdalena Sonora M ex ico
. , . .
Si nce t h e fall o f 1 908 M r Jack son has abl y and sati s factoril y filled .
hi s present po sition as consulting e n g i n e e i at Saint Paul i n that c a pac i t v .
d rawi ng plan s fo r l ighti ng powe r an d heating plants and wate r s u np h .
s y stems h i s natu r al abi li ty a n d 0gi fts and h is b i o a d e xpe i i e n c e especiall y

q uali f y in g h im fo r hi s important wo rk I n addition to hi s w 0 1 k i n Sai nt .
Paul he has al so been 1 e ta i n e d by some o f the leadin g c ities o f No rth

D a k o t a South Dakota and M in n esota a s con sulting engineer i n connec
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Washi ngton Chapter R A M Stillwate r ; D amascus Commande ry S t , . . .

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Paul ; and O sman Temple St Paul all o f the Masoni c fraternity ; and he , .
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al so belongs to the I O O F the A O U W the D o f H a n d . . . .

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the F O E White Bear L ake E ach year has found D r Franc is with
. . . .
an i nc reased practice and richer i n e x e p r i en c e a n d he ha s served rich and ,
poor al i ke The call o f duty has at all times been sacred to him and he
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has allowe d nothing to i nterfe re with h i s wo rk o f heali ng As a c iti zen .
he has a lways been i dentified w ith every i nterest that has p romote d hi s
communi ty an d i n doing so has always been gui ded by unsel fish motive s
, ,
O ften lo si ng S ight o f hi s own i nterests i n looking a fte r the wel fare o f

others .
H H IRA M F S T E V E N S The ba r o f St Paul a n d the ci ti zenship o f

ON . . . .
the c ity a n d state we re dep rive d o f high ability a n d a splendid serviceable

ness in the death o f H o n H i ram F Stevens who passe d away March . .
,
9 1 904
,
H e had been i denti fied wi th the bar o f thi s ci ty si nce Decem
.
ber 1 8 7 9 and while he was know n as a special ist in the law o f real
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p roperty he conferred di sti nction o n the enti re pro fe ssion through

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hi s soundness o f learni ng and success whethe r as cou nsel o r in the fo rensic

department o f his w ork A s a l egislator and publi c S pi rited worker for .
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the p rogress o f S t Paul along the larger line s o f civic a n d muni ci pal .
growth he per formed services whic h entitle h im to permanent hono r i n the

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annal s o f hi s c ity .
H i ram F Stevens was a native o f V ermont born at the town o f St

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Albans September 1 1 1 8 52 He was a s o n o f D r H i ram Fai rchild and

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Loui sa I ( Johnson ) Steven s w ho we re both descended f rom New E ng

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land pioneers H i s father though he died at the age o f forty i n January

. . , ,
1 866 f rom di sease s contracte d duri ng service as surgeon wi th the

,
Uni on army had al ready attained high di sti nction i n the medical p r o f e s
,
sion He wa s hono red as p resident o f the V ermont State M edical Soci ety
.
and had been a member o f both hou ses o f the legi slatu re .
The untimely death o f h i s fathe r an d subsequent financial lo sses i nte r

r u pt e d the l iberal e ducational p rogram which had been planne d for the
s o n a n d a s the el dest o f the four c hi l r e n he wa s compelle d to leave school

,
and take up wo rk in a store By teachi ng and farm work he finally suc .
c ee d e d i n graduating f rom the Kimball Union Academy o f Me riden ,
Connecticut and l ater completed hi s e ducation i n the Unive rsi ty o f V er

,
mont In June o f 1 903 the degree o f LL D wa s con ferred on him

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by that i nstituti on the Un iversi ty o f Vermont H i s law studies we re. .
begun i n the o f fice o f Judge J ohn K Porter o f N ew York City a n d he .

,
w as graduated f rom the Columbia L aw school i n 1 8 7 4 The same year .
he was admi tted to the bar i n Franklin county Vermont and thus at , ,
the age o f twe n ty two largely through hi s o w n e ff o rts and sel f rel iance
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,
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he was p repared fo r hi s career O f l arge use fulness .
For several years he p racticed at St Albans as a membe r o f the .
fi rm o f Davi s Stevens a n d soon gained consi derable reputati on He , .
w as admitted to practice i n the Unite d States di strict court O f Vermont

in 1 8 7 6 Soon a fter hi s arrival in S t Paul he became a member o f the
. .
l egal fi rm o f Warne r S tevens L aw ren ce but w ithd rew i n December , , ,
1 8 8 6 to become counsel for the St Paul E state T i tle I nsurance Compan y

. .
,
to whi ch company he gave hi s servi ces for a number o f years Among .
h i s associates at the ba r M r Stevens had the reputati on O f bei ng an .
i nde fatigable worker and i t was to thi s fact that he p robably owed hi s ,
di sti nction in o n e o f the mo st techni cal branche s o f the law real e state .
. 7 79
law He was always a student and most o f hi s work was done through
.
,
a real love for its problems not for the financial rewards ,
.
M r Stevens was a charter member o f the American Bar Association

.
formed 1 n August 1 8 7 8 and was for many years a m em b e i o f its general

, ,
council He was also a charter membe r and the first secretary of the
.
Vermont State Bar Association o rganized in Oc tober 1 8 78 L ater at , ,

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,
St Paul he to ok part i n the organization o f the Bar Soc iety o f thi s c ity
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, ,
and also i n the o rganization i n June 1 88 3 O f the M innesota State Bar , , ,
Association o f which h e was the fi rst president a n o ffi ce he hel d for a

, ,
number o f years .
A s a citizen o f St Paul he was one o f the most i nfluential workers

.
for the ci ty s w el fare He was a member and served several terms

’
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as di rector o f the Chamber o f Commerce In 1 888 he became one o f the .
park comm issioners and late r served as vice p re si dent of the board H e .
devoted much time and labor to the solution and imp rovement o f the
tractio n problem s o f th e city and these an d othe r municipal facili ties ,
which St Paul now en j oys were partly the fruit o f his di sinte reste d e ff orts
.
an d public sp iri t .
Anothe r impo rtant phase o f hi s active career was his work for the
Republican party o f which he was always a consistent supporte r though
, ,
never a violent parti san H e was head o f one o f the party clubs i n .
Vermont i n 1 87 6 H e was chairman o f the Ramsey county Republican

.
committee i n 1 88 6 and in a normally D emocratic county the Republi cans

,
secured most o f the offi ces that year I n 1 888 the Republi can c o n v en .
tion gave him the unani mous nomination fo r representative f rom the
twenty seventh di strict and as the Democrats p ractically endo r sed him
-
by making no nomination he rece ive d the largest plural ity eve r given up ,
to that time to a state representative In the legi slature o f 1 889 he

'
served as chai rman o f the j udiciary committee and originated and secure d ,
the enactment o f laws which were regarded as re formed and had a very
important influence in the c ivi l government o f the state Regarde d after .
the lapse o f twenty years some o f these law s seem to mark the begin ,
ning o f a new era The sanitary i nspection o f factories a provi sion 1 e

.
,
qu i ring employers to furni sh seats for female employes the Austral i an ,
ballot fo r ci ties o f twenty thousand popul ation and ove r were some o f ,
the important pieces o f legi ’

slation w hich he introduced and worked for 3 ,
and throughout hi s stand for re forms was supporte d by the press and
people o f hi s c i ty and the state at l arge .
M r Stevens took a p rominent part i n Masonry He was a member

. .
o f the Grand L odge o f V ermont and hel d o f ficial hono rs i n the Damas ,
cus Commandery o f the Knights Templar at St Paul He was al so . .
connecte d with the Mystic Shrine .
Mrs Stevens who survive s him and resi des at 4 3 4 L aurel avenue was
.
, ,
his companion and advi ser through many years o f a happy marrie d l i fe ,
and now enj oys the e steem which both had wo n i n the social ci rcles o f
thi s city Be fore her marriage which occurred January 2 6 1 8 7 6 M rs
.
, , ,
.
Steven s was Mi ss L aura A Clary a daughter o f Joseph E and Alma .

, .
( Ree d ) Clary o f Massena New York , , .
DR M ARY E S I M O NDS H ART MA N D 0 claims Kentucky for the

. .
,
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,
state o f he r nativity having been born there in the c ity o f L exington on

, ,
June She i s the daughter o f Thomas S imonds J r and E li za , .
( E verts ) Simonds The father was born in W i ct o n near to L ondon

.
, ,
E ngland and he came to America with hi s parents and settled l rl Ogdens

,
.
burg S t L awrence county New York when he was nine years o f age
,
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, ,
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The mothe r was a daughte r o f Samuel E ve rts o f B rockville Ontario , , .
Canada H e was born in Ri deau Ontario and was a sol die r i n the service
.
, ,
o f the United State s gove rnment during the War o f 1 8 1 2 in which h e ,
was severely w ounded Thomas S imonds J r had the advantages o f t h e .

,
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,
common schools o f hi s day a n d al so attended the h igh school i n his ,
youth When he reached man s e state h e became engaged i n carp ente r

.
’
ing and later entere d the contracting business

, I ll health howeve r .
, .
compel led him to abandon hi s pro fession and he eventual ly became in ,
t e r e s t e d i n farming ending hi s days as a succe ss ful agriculturi st ,

Mr .
S imonds was neve r a ff i liate d w ith a n y religious denomination but l ive d

a straight forwa rd honorabl e li fe apart f rom the c hu rches He w a s a n
, , .
aggressive an d enthusiastic Democ r at a n d al ways labored in the inter ,
e sts o f the party .
D r M ary E S imond s Hartman i s a graduate o f the Old Adams high

. .
school at St Paul M innesota O n January 2 7 1 8 74 she was married

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,
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, ,
at St Paul M innesota to Charles L H artman o f wh ich union fou r

. . , .
,
chi ldren we re born They are Charles S imonds Allen E dward Thoma s .
, ,
and Clara Mabel On January 2 1 1 88 4 occurred the death o f the hus

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, ,
band and father an d M rs Hartma n foun d he rsel f i n a wi dowed state

, .
w ith a family o f four children to rear and educate She was i n financial .
straits and readily recogni ze d the stern nece ssity o f settl ing upon some
,
thing w hich might a ff ord a means o f support fo r he r l ittle fami ly She .
deci de d that nursing o ff e red a valuable fiel d for he r e ff orts and she a c
c o r d i n gl y entere d the Ci ty Hospi tal a n d took the training i n wh ich she ,
w as particularly success ful from the beginning Her course o f training .
complete M rs Hartman acted a s a p ro fe ssional nu rse for fi fteen years

,
.
,
a fter w hich sh e entere d the M inneapoli s I nstitute o f Osteopathy from ,
w h ich she was duly graduated an d she has since then enj oye d ten y ears ,
o f wonder ful success and prosperity i n he r work .
D r Hartman i s a woman o f unusual i nitiative and executive ability

. .
and has accompl i shed mo re in a business w a y i n the past twenty fiv e -
years than do many men i n a l i fetime aside from the greater duty o f .
rearing a family o f fou r fine chi ldren I n St Paul M inne sota M rs . .

, .
H artman through her own e ff orts endeavored to secure the posit i on o f ,
postmi stre ss i n the H ouse o f Representative s fo r the state l egi slature o f

Minne sota a position wh ich had neve r been fill ed by a woman up to
.
the year 1 894 I n he r attempt to secu re th i s appointment she acqu itted

.
h ersel f with much credit though she was de feated She i s an e n t h u s i a s ,

.
’
tic exponent O f the cau se o f w oman s su ff rage and was vice p resi dent ,
o f the fi rst woman su ff rage society to be organized i n the state o f M in ~
n e s o ta Jul ia B Nelson o f Red Wi ng being p resi dent o f the society

,
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, .
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She has been a membe r o f Acker Relie f Corps and president o f the
L adi e s Auxiliary to the Son s o f V eterans She organized and b rought .
to a success ful i ssue the M innesota N aturo p athic Assoc iation and was ,
i ts presi dent for a term o f two years She i s a member o f Con stellation .
Chapter o f the O rde r O f the E astern Sta r a n d i s at pre sent the p re si .
dent o f the St Paul M ini ng M illing and Inve stment Company o f Crippl e
. .
Creek C olorado All o f which i s ample evi dence o f her unu sual brill iance
. .
an d fi ne admini strative abi lity .
F R A N K C C 1 1 1 P R E LL whose re si dence i s in Bal d E agle avenue Whi te

. . .
Be a r L ake M i nnesota and w h o i s one o f the repre sentat i ve C i t i zens O f

. .
t h c c o m m u n i t v dates h i s bi rth i n the C i t y o f St Paul Octobe r 2 9 1 8 57

. . . . .
.
school s a n d at the age o f eighteen years began a s fi reman at the State

,
Insane Asylum L ate r he w as p rom oted to the po siti on o f engi nee r

.
,
which he held fo r two years and in 1 8 8 2 he came to M i nneapol i s where . .
for the next t e n years he served as enginee r at variou s places M r . .
M c w hinney then began travel ing spending some time i n the erection ,
O f water tube boi lers and while thus engage d put i n the bo ilers fo r the ,
Walte r A Wood H arvester \V o r k s which are located j ust across the

.
,
road f rom the pre sent si te o f h i s resi dence and greenhou se s He had .
charge o f the plant as chi e f enginee r fo r ten and one hal f years and i n -
.
1 893 purchased a lot and started to build hi s first home a humble l ittle
, ,
f rame dwelli ng to wh ich he ha s adde d f rom time to time until he now

owns fourteen bu il ding lots and two fine residence s To cover hi s green .
houses square feet o f glass a i e needed and hi s business has

, ,
grown to such a n extent that he now deal s only with the l argest St .
Paul h Ou s e s and confine s hi s bu sine ss to o rders hi s p ri ncipal product

, .
bei ng lettuce and c u c u m be i s .
On July 2 1 88 1 M r Mc w hinney w a s marrie d in Pontiac to M i ss

, , .
Be ssi e Wheeler who was born at S e m i n g w e l l county B e rkshi re E ng
"
, , ,
land daughte r o f E dwi n a n d Fanni e ( VV i c k e n s ) Wheeler M rs M c

,
. .
VV h i n n ey s parents came to Ame rica w he n she w as twelve years o f age

’
and settled on a farm near Pontiac She received a goo d common school .
education an d wa s ma rri ed to M r Mc w hi nney at hi s home on the

,
.
poor farm H e had become acquainte d w ith her wh ile working a s

. ,
enginee r i n the i nsane asylum whi le she was i n the dining room o f the ,
-
same so i t has always been the family j oke a s they deligh t i n telli ng
, ,
i t that M r M c w hinney secu re d hi s w i fe i n the i nsane asylum while

, . .
she took he r husband out o f the poo r hou se M r and M rs M c W hi n

’
. .
ney have two chil dren namely : Carl W allace bo rn at Sears M ichi gan
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, , . ,
August 1 8 1 88 2 an d who attende d the Mechanic s A rt School at St

, . .
Paul make s hi s home w ith hi s parents and has one ch ild Fannie ; and
, ,
Roland J born at Ro se Oakland county M ichigan August 2 2 1 884

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, , , . . ,
an enginee r at Great Falls M ontana who i s married but has no child ren , , .
He serve d for fou r \ ears from the time he was nineteen u ntil he was ,
twenty three i n the Unite d States N avy being a m embe r o f the engi
-
, ,
nee ring d e pa i t m e n t o f the A siatic Squadron .
M r M c W hi n n e y i s a stal wart Republi can but has never been an

.
,
o ffice seeke r and re fu sed the nom inatio n for boile r in specto r although
, ,
hi s friend s t ried to pe rsuade him to accept it H e a n d h i s w i fe a re mem .
be rs o f the Presbyterian chu rch attending the E ast Chu rc h o f that ,
denomi nati on M r M c W h i n n e y wa s fo rme rly trustee o f Hazel Pa rk

. .
Congregational church While a re si dent o f Pontiac he wa s connected .
wi th the Odd Fellows Both M r and M rs Mc w hinney are kindly . . .

,
genial courteou s peopl e and thei r friends a s a result are legi on

, , , ,
.
T H O MAS P R AM SD E N Washi ngton county M inne sota numbe rs

. . . ,
among its p rogressive and success ful farmers M r Thomas P Ram s , . .
den who makes a specialty o f pu re bre d p oultry o f which he i s j u stly

, ,
p roud .
M r Ram sden was bo rn i n w hat many patrioti c Ame ricans are c o n

.
” “
tent to call the mother country E ngland i n Cornwall on Novembe r , ,
10 ,
1 84 3 an d hi s parents w e re Thomas P a n d Chari ty ( Jo se ) Ram s
, .
den M r Ram sden had j u st passed hi s fourth bi rthday w hen hi s family

. .
le f t E ngland i n April fo r America They landed at S tillwate r comi ng .

,
by way o f the St La wrence rive r to Quebec A fte r establi shing h i s resi. .

. 78 3
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dence there M r Ramsden s father accepted employment in a black smith
,
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shop although hi s trade i n E ngland had been that o f a sh ip carpente r

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H e helped to bui ld the fi rst hou se i n Stillwater and then ai ded i n the
erection o f a house for M r Frankli n Steele at Fort Snell ing In 1 8 56 he . .
move d out o n a farm where he remaine d fo r three months and then ,
returned to Stillwater I n that city he l ive d until death cal led him
.
when he had passed hi s seventy fourth m ile stone Hi s wi f e p re cede d - -

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hi m to the eternal rest on Apri l 2 1 8 51 , .
M r Thomas Ramsden received a goo d common school e ducation

. ,
but hi s school career was cut short by the war for during July 1 864 he , , ,
enli sted at St Paul i n Company B E leventh M innesota Voluntee r I n

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,
f a n t r y i n which he serve d until the close o f the w ar

,
H e was on de .
t ac h e d service fighting guerillas i n Tennessee and Alabama for some

time One night while out foraging he rece ive d a shot under the ribs
.
on the le ft si de but he did not tell anyone n o r di d he go to the ho spital

, ,
and he still carries the lead as a souveni r o f the dangerous adventure .
I n August o f 1 865 he was mustere d out and returned to hi s home a fte r

, , ,
having given ample p roof o f hi s devotion to hi s country .
For a time he was employed as a team ster i n the pi neries and then ,
came to a farm on section 1 6 Oakdale tow nshi p where he bought two , ,
hundred acre s o f uncultivated land which had to be grubbed Mr ,

. .
Ramsden pu t up a f rame cabin o f the type common in those days a n d

live d there about three years At the exp i ration o f that time he bought .
eighty acres o f unimprove d land which o ff ere d great resi stance to culti ,
’
vat i on but M r Ram sden s perseverance finally b rought success At thi s
, .
time h e built the dwell ing which form s the mai n part o f h i s p resent
home .
On December 1 7 1 8 7 9 he was married i n O n e ka township Washing

, , ,
ton county M innesota to M i ss E li z a A Hopkins who was born at St

, , .
,
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Paul o n February 2 3 1 8 59 the daughter o f Joseph and Sarah ( Stevens )

, , ,
H opki ns M r and Mrs Hopkins were both born i n E ngland M r Hop

. . .
,
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ki ns near B righton They were united i n marriage at B rooklyn N ew

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York i n 1 8 57 and came to M innesota i n 1 8 58 M r Hopkins was e u

, , . .
gaged in the carpentering busi ne ss and was al so a machinist H e had .
a home at D a z to n s Blu ff w here he di d much carpenter work i n the early

.
’
t i mes .
Four chi ldren blessed the union o f M r an d M rs Rams den : Ralph H . . .

,
who assi sts hi s f athe r in the management o f the farm ; L i sle A who has .
,
a claim i n South Dakota whe re he re si des ; Charle s J who i s employe d , .

,
i n St Paul ; and Sarah C

. .
M r Ramsden i s a fi rm supp orter and devoted adherent o f the I nde

.
pendent p arty and has taken an active part i n the pol itical a ff ai rs o f
,
the communi ty having serve d as assessor and township clerk i n the early
,
days H e i s a member o f M uelle r post G A R at S tillwater ; R e

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, . . .
,
s pec t e d by all who know hi s sterl ing worth and hi s b e n e fic e n c e Mr .

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Ram sden i s passi ng the prime years of his li fe in hi s ple asant home
on his exten sive farm in section 8 Oak dale township post o f fice Lake , , ,
E lmo Washington county Mi nne sota

, , .
J OH N R A L E IG H The ol der resi dents o f Oakdale township Wash

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,
i n gt o n county will remember the late John Raleigh who for many years
, ,
was engaged i n agricultural pu rsuits i n sect i on 2 6 and as an a g r i c u l i ,
turi st and citi zen was hono red and esteemed by all who knew him ,
M r Raleigh bel onged to that class o f ol d p ioneers who settled here

.
7 84 ST PAU L A N D V I C I N I TY
.
and spent the i r lives i n devel opi ng thi s part o f the country establ ish ing ,
home that tho se o f the following generatio ns might enj oy the benefits
s
and p rivi lege s o f c ivili zati on H e was bo rn i n county Li me rick I re .

,
land i n 1 8 1 8 an d rece ived a fai r e ducation i n hi s native country w here

, , ,
he was marrie d to M i ss M argaret M ahoney Soon the reafte r they .
started fo r the Unite d State s and l ande d at New O rleans a fter a trip ,
o f thi rteen week s being delayed at Jamaica , where they had put i n fo r
,
water .
I t was p robably abou t the year 1 849 when M r Raleigh landed in .
New Orlean s an d fo r tw o years the rea fte r b e wo rke d as a laborer in

,
the vi cinity o f that southe rn ci ty H e then went to Ci ncinnati whe re .

,
b e secu re d employment in the packing houses a n d later spent several ,
years i n St L oui s from whic h c ity he purcha se d transportation to Sti ll

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,
wat er M innesota The S t Croi x rive r howeve r di d not open up fo r

,
. .
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som e time and they we re obl ige d to remain at S t Paul but eventuall y .
,
arrived i n Sti ll water and there M r Raleigh was engaged fo r a tim e

, .
in help ing to bui ld the pri son Subsequently he purchase d e ighty acre s .
o f land at one dollar and twenty fiv e cents an ac re but di d not

,
-
immedi ately settle the reo n maki ng a trip back to St Loui s f rom whence,
.
,
he brought h i s fami ly to the farm i n 1 8 56 and the re e rected a little ,
l og cabi n which serve d as the f a m i l y h o m e for a number o f years M r

,
. .
an d M rs Raleigh ex peri enced all the hard sh ip s and privatio ns i nci

.
dent to pio neer li fe i n a wild ti mbered section but they we re made o f , ,
the stu ff that overcomes all ob stacle s and m anaged to clear thei r p rop ,
e r t y add to i t and a s time went on to improve thei r home i n many way s

, , .
maki ng one o f the fi ne farming properties o f thei r community They .
reared a family o f chi ldren that have bee n o f great credi t to them and
thei r trai ni ng givi ng them the best educati onal advantages that the
,
section a ff orded and fi tti ng them fo r w hatever position in li fe they

shoul d be called upon to take M r Raleigh wa s a Democrat i n hi s . .
pol itical view s but was neve r an o f fice seeker He wa s o n e o f the char
, .
ter membe rs o f the Oakdale Guardi an Angel chu rch the congregati on ,
o f w hich was made up partly o f Ge rmans and partly o f I ri sh thus n e ,
c e s s i t a t i n g the se rvices bei ng hel d part o f the time i n German and pa rt
o f the time in E ngl i sh H e and hi s wo rthy wi fe had twelve chil d ren

.
.
o f whom two died i n in fancy ; John died in boyhoo d as di d M ichael ; ,
Margaret d ie d when fi fteen o r sixteen yea rs o f age ; Patri ck di ed when

about the same age ; E llen marri ed Jame s A rmstrong and l ive s at Castle
Rock having si x ch il d ren ; Mary i s singl e an d l ive s i n Oakdal e ; Wil
.
~
liam ; Thomas l ives i n Oakdal e ; Anna married Thomas A rm strong and

li ve s in Oakdale tow nship havi ng four chil dren ; and M i chael resides in
,
Oakdale .
Wil liam Raleigh son o f John the p ioneer was born o n the ol d fam
'
, ,
ily h omestead in section 2 6 July 1 6 1 868 and was given a goo d common , , ,
school education H e wo rked for hi s fathe r until he was twenty o n e

.
-
year s o f age at w hich time he began farming on hi s ow n account an d

, ,
rented 200 ac res whe re he n o w resi des A fte r renting thi s land fo r fi f .
teen years M r Raleigh pu rchased it a n d he ha s become one o f the lead

.
,
i ng agri cul tu ri sts o f Wash ington county He bel ieve s in u p to date .

- -
methods i n carrying o n h i s operations use s the latest improved machin ,
ery and i s an exponent O f mo de rn i ntensive farming M r Raleigh

, , . .
was married June 2 4 1 908 to Mi ss Jo sephi ne Kohl er o f No rth S t Paul

, , ,
. .
i n whi ch v illage she was born a daughter o f Jo seph a n d Margaret ( D ie ,
be r ) Kohle r the fo rmer a native o f Ram sey count y M inne sota an d

, , ,
S T[ PAUL A ND VI C I N ITY 7 85
the latter o f the state o f Penn sylvania Both are living H e r grand . .
father M ichael Kohler came f rom the Tyrol Sw itzerland at an early

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, ,
day i n t h e hi sto ry o f M innesota M r and M rs Raleigh have had three . . .
children : one who died i n i nfancy ; Bernard who was born on t h e pres ,
ent farm in section I 7 Oakdal e township J u n e I I 1 91 0 ; and Je rome

, ,
'
T born January
.
,
M r Raleigh i s in dependent i n his poli tical views although he has

.
,
vote d the Populist ticket but i s i n no sense an o f fice seeker B oth he,
.
and hi s wi fe w e re about fi fteen years ol d when they w ere confirmed i n

the Cath oli c church and in 1 908 M r Raleigh was elected clerk o f hi s
, .
congregation F r a te r n a l l y he i s a charter member o f L ake E lmo L o dge

.
,
M odern Woodmen o f America of which he ha s been venerable consul ,

.
DEW ITT C L I N TON J O N E S M D has pr oved a most faith ful and gen ,
. .
,
e r a l l y prai seworthy incumbent o f the o f fice o f coroner in which he has ,
serve d since 1 9 1 0 H e has already made a record whi ch compares favor

.
ably w ith that o f any o f h is p redecessors When he assumed the duties o f .
coroner he already had a splendi d reputation as a physician and held

several important p ro fessional posts S erving for a long time as chie f ,
resident physician and surgeon at the city and county hospital and for
many years as the attending surgeon at the army headquarters buil ding
i n St Paul H e was recently appointe d by President Ta ft a first l i eu te n
. .
ant i n the medical reserve corp s o f the regular army an honor con ferred ,
upon but fou r men in the state o f M innesota D r Jones i s a progres s . .
ive i n ev er y way and particularly so in the pro fession to which he h a s

,
devoted energies and abilities o f high order making it his aim and ambi ,
tion to master the latest secrets o f science .
D r Jones i s a native son o f S t Paul the date o f hi s nativ ity having

. .
,
been January 1 9 1 86 8 and h e i s the son o f D e w itt C and Cythera ( I r

_
.
, ,
vine ) Jones natives o f Vi rginia and Wi sconsin respectively The father

, , .
was the fi rst dealer i n agricultural implements i n St Paul i f not i n the .

,
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northwest .
A s a youth i n S t Paul D r J ones was graduate d from the high school

.
, .
o f that city and later prepare d for hi s scienti fic studies at N iagara Falls
New York i n D e Veaux College H e pursued his p ro fessional studies
,
.
i n the medical department o f Trinity College an d i n Vi ctoria University .
and a fter fini sh ing hi s course in the last named i nstitution he became a
fellow o f the Royal College at Kingston H e first entere d upon the
“
practice o f hi s p ro fession in thi s city in the year 1 891 and f rom the ,
fi rst has e n j o y e d u n u s u al success an d r ec o gn i t i o n I n the same year in

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which he became establ i shed here he was appoi nted seni or resi dent phy
s i c i a n an d s u r geo n a t the city hosp ital and i n 1 8 94 became assi stant city
and county physician D uring the Spani sh American war he was acting
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assi stant surgeon U S A , . . .
I n January 1 9 1 0 upon the resignati on o f Dr Arthur W Miller from

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the o ff ice o f county coroner he was appoi nted to fill the vac ancy and in ,
the fall election o f the same year he was heartily endorsed b y th e people
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when they el ected him to the o f fice over strong opposi tion by a good plu
r a l i ty Ramsey county has found him conscientious and e fficient in this
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exacting an d important o f fice .
D tr Jones holds secure the confi dence o f al l classes but none more
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than that o f the laboring man and i n many ways he has mad e mani fest ,
the fact that he i s the f riend o f organi zed l abor He i s a D emocrat in . .
his pol itical a ffil iations and a member o f various fraternal O rders He i s . .
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also a member o f the Te rritorial Pi oneers and o f the Juni or Pionee rs .
and o f the Co u n t v State and Amer i can Medical A ssociations .
K AR L S P L I TTS TO E S S ER A succe ssful farme r a n d representative citi .
zen re specte d by all i n the communi ty i s M r Karl S pl i t t st o e s s e r Ger

, , . .
many wa s the land o f hi s bi rth and the date was the 8 th o f J une ,
1 8 40 . H i s parents we re Frede rick Danie l and L ou ise ( S pl i t t s to e s s e r )

S p l i t t s to es s e r H i s father was bo rn i n the year 1 8 1 3 and hi s mother
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, ,
five years later i n 1 8 1 8 Both fathe r and mother came wi thi n a d ec

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.
ade o f livi ng to be one hu nd re d year s ol d M r S p l i tt s t o e s s e r passing ,

.
away i n 1 904 a n d hi s w i fe i n 1 9 1 1 .
M r Karl S p l i tt s t o e s s e r attended school until he was fourteen and

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then began to learn the trade o f tailoring si nce hi s father wa s engage d ,
in that bu si ne ss I n the meantime h i s father purchase d a farm an d M r

. .
S p l i t t s to e s s e r live d o n that until he came to America i n 1 8 6 5 the v o y ,
age a t that time occupying fourteen days H e lande d at Ne w York and .
came we st to L a Crosse From that city he proceede d by boat to St . .
Paul the tri p taki ng up two week s when the weathe r was so cold that
,
the snow banks on the blu f fs and the river f roze M r S pl i t t s to e s s e r . .
found employment i n a dai ry but since he had had n o e xperience i n ,
such work i t wa s necessary fo r hi m to learn to mil k ; he had neve r

,
mi lked a c o w i n hi s l i fe Fo r five and one hal f month s he worked fo r a .

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salary o f fi fteen dollars Anothe r posi tion was o f fered him i n the VV i l
li am L e n e k e M ill where h i s demonstrated abi li ty i n the capaci ty o f stone
,
dre sser le d to hi s advancement to the po si tion o f expert m iller A year .
later M r S pl i t t s t o e s s e r s parents came O ve r to America a n d j oined him

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i n St Paul w he re they pu c ha s e d one hundred and si xty acre s o f unim

. .
p roved l and w ith a log hou se i nto w h ich they moved 011 Octobe r ( 1 ,
1 86 6 and f rom that time M r S pl i tt s t o e s s e r ha s devoted hi s attention to

. .
agricultural pursu its H e live d i n the log house until 1 886 when he bu ilt
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hi s pre sent home twenty fou r b y thi rty feet and eighteen by twenty
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feet i n dimensions two sto ri e s high H e n o w possesse s a farm o f two

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hun dre d acres in sections 1 9 a n d 20 Oakdale to w nship po st o f fice North , ,
St Paul
. .
O n April 1 8 1 8 8 1 he was unite d i n the holy bond s o f matrimony

, ,
with M i ss O tt e l l e Kunz at the home o f he r aunt M rs S pl i t t s to e s s e r , . .
was born i n Germany and l ived there unti l she came to America fo r
he r marriage wi th M r S pl i tt s to e s s e r Ten chi ld ren we re bo rn to thi s
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union : E lbert Fred Hen ry Karl Lau ra Flora L eno ra Willi am Boel
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, . . . .
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te r and I da .
M r S p l i tt s t o e s s e r i n pol itic s has proved him sel f a faith ful adhe rent
.
to the principles o f the Republican party H e was elected to the O ffice .
o f school treasu rer o n the Republican ticket and fo r twelve yea rs per
f ormed mo st e f fectively the duties devolving upon hi m i n that capacity .
Fo r one year he was al so superintendent Cre dit for the goo d road s .
i n and about the ci ty i s due to M r S pl i t t s to e s s e r He was road oversee r . .
fo r five term s du ring which time h e i n a d e a splendid record He and

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hi s w i fe and al l o f the chi ld ren except the two youngest are con scientiou s
and devout members O f St John s L uthe ran chu rch at L ake E lmo I n .
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bu si ne ss poli tical and religious c ircl es M r S p l i t t s to e s s e r has an envia

, , .
ble reputation fo r upr ightness and fai r deal ing .
I SAA C WE BB E R G i L L ETT The agricul turi sts o f twenty o r mo re years .
ago a s a general rule gave the i r ent i re attent i on to the grow ing o f c rop s
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P resbyterian church o f N orth St Paul a n d f rate rnal ly he i s connected .

,
with the M \V A the M odern B rotherhoo d and the Royal N eighbors

. . .
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o f which latter society his wi fe i s al so a member H e i s know n as a suc .
c e s s f u l f a f m e r and dai ryman a good a n d publ ic spi rited c iti zen and a ,
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man w hose word i s as goo d a s a bond The se qualities have made M r . .
Gi llett s reputation among hi s fell ow town smen a n enviabl e one while

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hi s genial unassum ing manne r has made him many f riends

,
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J u L I U s G OH L K E Germany has given to America some o f i ts be st .
and most intellectual c iti zens From the Fatherlan d has come much .
that i s great an d good and although ou r Ge rman Americans che ri sh i n ,
thei r hearts a tende i love for thei r fatherland they have eve r p roven ,
them selves among ou r be st and most l oyal citi zen s and encourage i n ,
thei r o ff spri ng the same devotion to thei r adopte d land Juliu s Gohlke .
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one o f the p rogressive practical agriculturi sts O f secti on I 7 Oakdale , ,
town ship i s one o f the best repre sentatives o f this class to be found
,
i n Washin gt on county and i n addition has the di sti nction o f being a ,
sel f —made man H e was born i n the vi llage o f N ew Strel itz Ge rman y
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December 1 8 1 8 52 a s o n o f C harles and Katherine ( Otto ) Gohlke

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M r Gohlke receive d a commo n school education i n hi s native coun

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try and when he wa s seventeen years o f age accompanied h is mother

,
to the U ni ted States the j ourney acro ss the ocean taking fi fteen days , .
A fter landing i n thi s country they came di rect to St Pa ul then a c ity .

,
o f about i nhabitants whence the father had p recede d them two ,
years be fore and had been at work i n the St Paul lumbe r yards to earn
,
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mone y to pa y thei r passage to Ameri ca Soon a fte r hi s a rrival he re .
Jul ius Gohlke began to look about him fo r employment and hi s fi rst ,
work was at cutting w ood wi th a b u s k s a w fo r railroads H e attende d .
a private school for two months i n St Paul a n d i n the meantime ac . .
qui red a knowle dge o f the E ngli sh language a lac k o f which had handi ,
~
cappe d him i n looki ng fo r employment For a number o f years he .
w o rked at whateve r occupati on presented itsel f a n d o n July 4 1 8 7 5 , ,
was marri ed to M i ss M innie Bolter who w a s also a native o f Germany , ,
a n d came to the United States wi th he r parents Soon a fter thei r mar .
r i ag e they came to the p resent farm w hich ha d been owned by M rs ,

.
Go h l k e s father M r Gohlke has p roved himsel f an astute busi ness

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man and i n 1 88 7 when the land boom was o n i n thi s part o f the coun
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ty he sol d all o f hi s l an d no rth o f the rail road at $ 1 50 pe r acre

,
That .
he wa s far sighte d i n maki ng thi s transaction was prove d a few years

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late r whe n he bought all o f thi s land back at $ 50 an ac re M r Go h l k e s

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fathe r passe d away i n 1 8 7 6 and h i s mother i n 1 896 Five chi ldren have , .
been born to M r a n d M rs Gohlke namely : Anna who married Walter

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Kern o f St Paul M innesota and has two chil dren ; Fred who resi des
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at home and i s a ssi sti ng hi s fathe r i n operating the farm ; Hattie who .
marrie d John Marti n O f St Paul and has two chil dren ; and Harry a n d .
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Minnie w h o li ve w ith thei r parents M r Gohlke i s a Republi can in pol i

, . .
tics and has served three years as supervi so r o f h i s town ship although
, ,
he has neve r been an o f fice seeker H e a n d hi s wi fe are consi stent .
membe rs o f the German Lutheran church Duri ng his re si dence i n .
Oakdale town ship M r Gohlke has built up a reputation a s a bu si n ess .
man o f sound j udgm ent and unquestione d integrity a good manage r ,
and an advocate o f progressive movements and i s a sel f made man in ,

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eve ry sen se o f the word He has many friend s and admi rers i n Oakdale .
town shi p who recogn ize and appreciate hi s many sterli ng qual iti es .
. 78 9
W I LL IA M A G ALL The pre sent ge ne ration has l ittle conception o f

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what was endure d by the pioneers o f M inne sota or appreci ation o f the ,
changes that have taken place i n agricultural method s and w hich have
trans forme d farm l i fe to such an extent that to day it o f fers more i n
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d u c e m e n t s than at any p revious time i n the world s history Ramsey .
county has a mo st i nterest i ng hi story made so by the e ff o rts o f its

, ,
pi onee rs and a reco rd o f thei r lives i s app ropriate and necessary i n

,
prepari ng a work that has to do with the locality A family that has .
been important i n the county fo r a numbe r o f years i s that bearing the

name o f Gall a wo rthy representative o f which is found i n the person o f
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Wi ll iam A Gall a progressive agriculturi st o f section 3 5 White Bear

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town ship whose father Wi ll iam J Gal l was one o f the early settlers
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here .
Willi am J Gall was born i n the v illage o f K l e i n ebe n z Germany and

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as a young man learned the trade o f tailor but like many othe r worthy ,
citizens o f the Fatherlan d w hose lot i n t he ol d country would only have ,
been to always work hard and be poor he turned hi s attention to the ,
new world and in 1 8 64 starte d for the Uni ted States w ith hi s wi f e and
,
several child ren The j ourney acro ss the ocean to America wh ich con
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sumed seven weeks and three days was f raught w ith storms an d ac ,
c i d en t s and w hen finally the vessel lande d at N ew York City both pas
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s e n ge r s a n d c r e w w ere su ff ering the pangs o f hunger caused by many ,
days on hal f rations the food supply h av i n g b e e n nearly exhauste d

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M r Gall immediately le ft New York City for Chi ca go and traveled

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:
thence to the city o f L a C r osse Wi sconsi n whe re the li ttle party arrive d , ,
i n the midst o f wi nter : Here they pai d $ 1 50 in gol d to be taken by team

to St Paul M i nnesota and after a long and weari some trip with the
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thermometer regi stering forty degrees below zero and the snow several
feet deep on the level the immigrants arrived in that city on Chri s tmas
,
ev e. I n the spri ng they set out for White Bear township and at that ,
time there were but three other farms i n that local ity one tract o f eighty
” the y ear that follo w
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acres and two o f forty and during ed he rented a

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p roperty With German i ndustry and perseverance M r Gall settled

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down at once to clear the land and during the years that followed worked ,
with such goo d purpose that at the time of hi s death which occurred
.
March I 3 1 9 1 1 he was one o f the substantial men o f hi s townshi p and had

, ,
the esteem and respect o f hi s fellow ci tizens Taking out natural ization .
papers not long a fter coming here he became intereste d in Republ ican ,
politics but not to such an extent that he would accept publ ic o f fice a l
, ,
though often urged to do so by hi s neighbors who recog nized hi s many ,
sterli ng traits o f character H e and hi s w i f e were f ai th ful members .
o f the German Metho di st E piscopal church and reared thei r c h il dren to ,
be Go d feari ng men and women Si x chil dren were born to Will iam J
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and Wilhelmi na ( Wagoner ) Gall but only three lived to mature Years : .
Frederick W who i s successfully engage d i n agri cultural pursui ts i n

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section 3 6 White Bear township ; M innie who marrie d Juli us S ielo ff

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and l ives i n the vi llage o f White Bear L ake ; and William A

Will iam A Gall was born on the farm which he i s n o w ope rating
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,
on section 3 5 White Bear township Ramsey county Mi nne sota Febru

, , , ,
a y
r an d received hi s education i n the di strict school s o f thi s
v i ci nity attending a few month s each wi nter He remained o n the

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home farm unti l he was about twenty five years o f age and o n June 9 -
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1 891 ,
was marri ed in the Presbyterian church i n the village o f White
Bear Lake to M i ss Anna Jungblut who was born i n St Paul daughter , .
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o f Frederick a n d S usan ( B r i d e r t ) Jungblut Fou r chil dren have been .
bo rn to thi s union : Li ll ie E mma a graduate o f the Wh ite Bear high ,
school ; H attie Katy w ho i s no w attend ing that i nstitution ; and Fri eda
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a n d V iola w ho are l ivi ng at home A fte r hi s marriage M r Gall was

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given hi s p resent p roperty by his father a tract o f 2 00 acres which i s , ,
i n the fi ne st possible state o f cultivation H e has remodeled nearly all .
o f the bui l dings h as e recte d othe rs an d has i nstalled hot ai r heating

, , ,
wate r wo rk s and every othe r mo dern co nveni ence Always p r o g r es .
sive i n hi s i deas he bel ieve s i n the u se o f mo dern machinery and equip

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ment and hi s extensive ope ration s have given him the reputatio n o f be ing
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one o f the mo st substantial a n d u p to date farme rs o f Whi te Bea r - -
township .
M r Gall i s a stanch Republican i n pol itic s and hi s worth as a publ ic

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o fficial ha s been recogni ze d by hi s election to variou s position s withi n

the gi ft o f hi s fellow tow n smen H e has been chai rman o f White B ea r -
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township for twelve years a n d has serve d on the board fo r fourteen ,
years and now acts in the capacity o f treasure r o f the township and o f
,
scho ol di strict NO 1 9 Fo r three yea rs he was elected asse ssor but

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the rea fte r re fuse d to allow hi s name to be u se d as a can di date fo r that

o f fice He was reared a member o f the M ethodi st E p i scopal church
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,
but i s now a membe r O f the Pre sbyte rian church o f White Bear an d i s ,
acting i n the capaci ty o f trustee M r Gal l i s liberal i n h i s view s and i s . .
public spi rite d to a high degree alw ays do ing mo re than hi s share i n ,
p romoting any m ovement calculate d to be o f benefi t to ei ther Ramsey

county o r hi s i mmedia te local ity H i s standing among hi s f ellow —citi .
z en s i s high and hi s f riends are legion

, .
H E N RY C L AY C A M P S o replete w ith i ntere sting details i s the fam ily.
h i story o f D r H enry Clay Camp that a n enti re volume wou ld be r e

.
qui red f or adequate elabo ration The salient points o f his genealogy .
w i ll be he re state d i n such condense d form as i s possible The fam ily .
wa s at its earli est know n peri od Huguenot French ; later o f southe rn

, ,
Scotland I n the seventeenth century at a date near 1 659 two brothe rs

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J ohn an d Thoma s Camp c rossed the sea and came to Vi rginia Si nce ,
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that time every family o f Camp has continued the two name s o f John
a n d Thomas A son o f one o f these fi rst comers w as Thomas Camp
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the great great —great grand father o f Henry C Camp who was born i n
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Vi rgi nia i n 1 691 a n d was married to a lady w hose fami ly name was Mar
shall They had three sons Thomas John and M arshall The two last
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named w ere o f ficers o f th e Revolutionary army o f Vi rgi ni a The eldest .
s o n Thoma s the great great grand fathe r o f H enry C Camp who was born - -
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i n Vi rgi nia i n 1 7 1 7 and who i n h is two successive marriages wa s the

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fathe r o f twenty four chil dren— more than five thousand descendants o f
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whom have been traced as l iving at variou s places in some o f the north
e r n a n d all o f the southern states Although th i s Thomas Camp was too .
far advanced i n years at the time o f the Revolutionary war to take active
pa rt i n it a goodly numbe r o f hi s sons give thei r service to the cause o f
,
Ame rican i ndependence five o f them partic ipating for example i n the , , ,
battle O f King s Mountain He and h i s second wi fe Margaret Ca rney

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Camp wer e bu ried on the ol d homestea d at I reland Fo rd Georgia where

, , ,
one o f h i s descendants Joshua now resi de s The thi rd one o f the , ,

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twenty fou r chil d ren was John Camp a great grand fathe r o f ou r sub
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j cet a n d who was born i n 1 74 3 H e was o n e O f the five brothers who par
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t i c i p at e d i n th e battle o f Ki ng s Mountain H e married a M i ss Tarpley ’

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,
. 7 91
two o f whose si sters were married re spectively to his brothers Nathan , ,
born in 1 744 and Joseph born i n 1 74 1 J ohn Camp and hi s w i fe had

, ,
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nine children o f whom Starl ing the paternal grandfather o f D r H C

, , . . .
Camp was born i n Abbeville district South Carolina Starling Camp

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in 1 800 married Anne H elm o f Charle ston South Carolina a nd o f the ir , , ,
seven chi ldren the sixth was Thomas the father o f D r Camp He ,
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married Charity Teague N eal whose fami ly was no less notable than his ,
own .
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The earliest definite in formation o f Charity Neal s ancestors i s the
fact that at the close o f the Revolutionary war four brothers were known
to have been living i n V i rginia o f whom two remove d to other states , ,
one to Georgia and the other to South Carolina The latter was Benj a .
min S Neal grandfather o f Charity N eal and a maternal great—grand

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father o f our subj ect Benj amin N eal was the father o f three sons o n e
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o f whom Dr John Neal — i n sp ite o f the rivalry O f many a caval ie r

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suitor — marrie d Rebecca Belton whose mother s mai den name Charity
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Teague was later given to the daughte r o f John and Rebecca Neal
, .
John N eal was a physician who in hi s day was very famous in Georgia .
He worked for years among the Cherokee I ndians and gained thei r c o n
fid e n c e and a ff ection to such a degree that his word was to them a veri
table law The government O ften sought his ai d i n dealing w ith these
.
’
tribe s and he was abl e to avert many a threatened di saster and to prevent
much i nj u stice I t was through his e ff orts alone it i s sai d that thei r
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, ,
change o f reservations was accomplished without bloodshed D r Neal s . .

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daughter Chari ty was married to Thomas Camp i n 1 8 3 5 an d they were

, , ,
the parents o f the subj ect D r Henry Clay Camp ,

. .
Thomas Camp was by fo rce o f c ircumstances a slave owner but he ,
had i nherited f rom hi s moth er Anne H elm Camp — who was a Vi r , ,
ginian with a Puritan conscience — a hatre d for tra f fic i n human beings

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N ot for one i nstant woul d he weigh materia l prospe rity against hi s c o n
v i c ti o n s n o r i s it to be thought that th e daughter o f D r
,
N eal i n any .
way di ff ered from her husband i n these p rinciple s When Thomas .
Camp rece ived a bequest o f thi rteen slaves f rom hi s father s estate he ’
,
di d not hesitate to give them thei r f reedom although the financial loss ,
involved made him a poor man A fter thus di sposing o f his p roperty .
he remove d to M c D o n o u gh county Illinoi s where he founded a Baptist , ,
church I n those days it was customary for mini sters i n rural di stricts
.
to farm o n w eek days as well as to p reach 011 Sundays an d M r Camp , ,

.
was engaged for hi s material support i n the vocation which has up to

thi s time p roduce d th e flower o f our race H e was a man who was .
untiringly active i n al l work for the upli fting o f the community B e .
cau se he had h igh ideals not only i n moral and rel igious matters but also ,
i n e ducational a ff ai rs he founded a school on hi s I llinoi s farm in the

,
northern part o f M c D o n o u gh county He erected the building and'

.
mai ntained the school at hi s o w n expense making it f ree to all w ithin ,

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reach o f i t H e named it Good Hope a n d that name i s still use d to
.
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indicate the spot wh ich i s the site today o f a town , .
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O f Thomas Camp s nine sons a n d daughters Henry Camp i s t h e ,
fi fth . The brothers and si sters are as follow s John Neal former .
,
United States consul to Jamaica but now decease d ; Rebecca Ann the , .
w i fe o f Will iam Park inson deceased o f Sacramento Cali fornia ; Star . , ,
l ing Teague a musician O f Abingdon Knox county Ill inois ; Robert

, , ,
Hall who died in i n fancy in Tenne ssee ; Sarah E glantine deceased was
, , , ,
the wi fe o f D r S M Spaul ding o f M inneapoli s also deceased ; Marga

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re t M agena w ho i s the wi fe o f D r H ami lton P D tu ffie l d o f Marshall

, . .
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town I owa L i zz ie Albina who died i n chi ldhoo d and I v y Charity

, , , , ,
who fi rst marrie d M i ddleton D u ffie l d now deceased and who i s now the , ,
w i fe o f Mark Gl idden o f Kansas , .
I n 1 8 55 the fam ily moved to Abingdon Knox county I ll inoi s in , , ,
order that the young peop le might have the advantages o f courses in
Hedding College the M ethodi st e ducational institution o f that place
, .
I t was i nteresting to note that some o f the family are sti ll residents o f thi s
college town .
Henry Clay C amp whose bi rth occu rred o nApri l be fore the
,
famil y came to Illinoi s i s there fore a native o f M c M i n n county nea i , ,
Charleston Tennessee although h e wa s bu t four years old when the l i fe

, ,
O f the family i n I ll inoi s began He was first trained i n h i s father s school ’

.
o f Good H ope ; later i n the publ ic school s and Hedding College He i i i .
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h e r i t e d hi s fathe r s conv ictions as well as hi s stern devotion to duty y;
when the re fore the cal l fo r soldie rs rang th rough the lan d in 1 86 1 H enry
, ,
Clay Camp was eager to enl ist Although but seve nteen years o f age .
,
he keenly fel t the responsibility o f doing o n e man s part i n the task o f ’
li ft ing the cu rse o f slave holding f rom the nation He went to the f ront .
w ith the Fi fty eighth Regiment I l linoi s Volunteer I n fantry enl isting i n
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, ,
Company G Although he was too young to be accepte d as a private

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,
he w a s permitted to enl i st as a musician in the capacity o f drummer ,
boy an d was mustered i n at Camp D ouglas i n Chicago on December

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3 1 1 86 1
,
D uring hi s servi ce he was detai led as an orde rly to General
.
“
W F L ynch o f I ll inoi s H e was also appoin ted to serve as a field hosp ital
. .
,
.
nurse an d a s steward H e was mai nly i n regular field service constantly .
for three years three months an d three days The m il itary engagements
, .
in which D r Camp partic ipate d inclu de d the battles o f Fort Donel son
. .
and S hiloh o f Iuk a a n d Vi cksbu rg ; the siege and capture o f Corinth ;

,
the second battle i n de fense o f Corinth ; the Red River rai d unde r Gen
e ral A J Sm ith ; the battle s o f Pleasant H il l and Yellow B ayou ; the
. .
”
struggle at Gu n Town nea r Memphi s ; the race a fter Pap Price across “
the state o f M i ssour i a fter he faile d to capture St L oui s ; t h e de fense o f .
’
N ashville and the e xtermination o f Hood s army ; and the capture o f
M obile Alabama H e was muste red out at Camp D ouglas 011 Februa ry
,
.
7, 1 865 .
’
The time which shoul d have been Henry Camp s final and pro fe ssi onal
college days was thu s spent on bl ood y battle fields When the war .
’
closed he had arrived at man s estate ; he reali zed that hi s time for l i fe s ’
preparatory activitie s had passed an d that the sel f dependent responsi -
b i l i t i e s o f matu rity were hi s Almost immediately a fter hi s retu rn to .
I ll inoi s he entere d government service H i s brother John who had .

,
formerly been consul to Jamaica wa s a fter the war sent to Galveston as ,
cu stom hou se o fficer a n d hi s need o f an a ssi stant opene d a vocation to

,
Henry Later he was appointed to an o f fice i n the i nternal revenue serv

.
ice When a fte r a time the demand s o f h i s heal th made i t necessary for
.
h im to l eave the south he ente red work which w as a logical sequence o f

hi s mu sical servi ce to the army I n 1 869 he arrived in St Paul where . .
,
h e became associated with the Munger B rothers Mu sic Company Fo r ’

.
thi rty years h e was engaged i n th e mu sic trade O f the ci ty ; du ring a l arge
part o f that time he was a m ember o f the St Paul Musical Soci ety and .
a zeal ous worker in that o rganization For ten years he was w ith .
Dyer B rothers M u sic Company an d i t was during that time that he

’
,
became deeply i nte rested i n a vocati on o f anothe r k ind .

794 ST PAU L A N D V I C I N I TY
.
The Gall family came to the United States when Frederick W was .
about e ight years o f age and landed i n N e w Yo rk City a fte r a trip o f,
seven w eek s and three days on the ocean du ring whi ch time the ve ssel ,
was delayed by storm s to suc h an extent that the captain not knowing ,
how long i t woul d be be fore he woul d be able to make po rt put eve ry ,
o n e on sho rt rations an d M r Gall has o ften declare d that tho se days

, .
w ere the only time whe n he has ever su ff ere d f rom want o f food From .
the ci ty o f N ew Yo rk the l ittle pa rty o f immigrants made thei r way to

Chi cago and then wen t o n to L a C ro sse Wi sconsin whe re i t was found
, , ,
that they woul d have to pay $ 1 50 i n gold to be taken by team to S t Paul . .
That trip i s o ne that M r Gall w il l never forget I t wa s i n the m idst . .
o f winter the the rmomete r regi ste red forty degrees below ze ro and
. , ,
the snow being several feet deep on the level i t was necessary every ,
time they met the stage to get out and shovel a cleari ng i n which to turn
out o f the road Duri ng thi s t rip M r Gall froze hi s heel s but eve n
. .
,
t u a l l v on Ch ri stmas eve thi s stu rdy li ttle band reache d St Paul

,
The re . .
they remained until the followi ng spring at w hich time they located i n ,
Wh i te Bea r town shi p there being at that ti me only three farms i n the
to w nship one o f e ighty ac res and two o f fo rty acres and for the fir st
, ,
y ear he rente d eighty ac res o f land where W i lliam Gall now lives , .
eventually pu rchasi ng it There he made a n excellent farm and co n .

,
tinned to resi de until hi s death which occurred M arch 1 3 1 9 1 1 In . , .
h i s native country W illiam Gal l had been a tailo r but a fte r coming to
'
the Uni ted State s never engaged at hi s trade e xcept to making clothing
fo r hi s ow n family He too k out naturali zation pape rs a n d became an
.
Ame rican ci tizen a n d was so well thought o f as an active member o f

,
the Republ ican party that he was o ften o ff ered po sitions o f honor a n d
trust w ithi n the gi ft o f hi s fellow tow nsmen but always re fused to let -
his name be u se d as a candi date He became an active membe r o f the .
Methodi st E pi scopal church i n the faith w hi ch he died H i s worthy ,

.
wi fe i s yet l iv ing They w ere the parents o f si x chil dren but only three
.
,
o f these l ived to rear famil ie s : Frederick M i nnie who married ,
Jul iu s S ielo ff and l ive s i n the vi llage o f \V h i t e Bear L ake ; and Wi l

,
li am w ho i s l iving o n the ol d home stead

. .
T he e ducati onal advantage s accorde d Frede rick W Gal l we re some .
what l imited being c On fin e d to th ree w eeks i n the St Paul publ i c schools

, .
when they first arrived i n that city a short membershi p there later and , ,
a w inte r i n Whi te B ear Lake H e had not learned f ractions w hen he .

,
complete d hi s schooli ng but by study he mastere d thi s branch o f ma

,
thematics and reading and clo se O bse rvation have since made him a well
,
educate d man L i ke al l farmers son s o f h i s day he w as put into the

’
.
,
field s early assi sting hi s fathe r and brothe r i n develop ing the land and
, ,
he remained on the home farm unti l he w a s twenty fiv e years o f age -
at which time he was married S oon therea fte r he remove d to hi s p re s .
ent prope rty w hich hi s father had purchased a n d fo r the fi rst th ree
, ,
yea rs the crop s rai sed went to hi s fathe r who later deeded the lan d to ,
him and since that time M r Gall has added thi rty acres more He
,
. .
remodeled the house whi ch i s now modern i n eve ry respect havi ng

, ,
hard wood fini sh hot w ater bath room and mo dern lighting an d steam
-
, ,
heating systems and rebui l t the barn whic h i s now one hundre d and
,
,
thi rty two feet long si xty fou r w i de and eighteen feet high with base
-
,
-
ment u nder all I n 1 9 1 1 M r Gall erected a cement silo and a good

. .
hen hou se which h as a basement fee ding room cooking room and
, , .
ro osti ng room for h i s poultry Fi fteen faucets supply the w ater fo r hi s .

ST PAU L AN D V I C I N ITY
. 7 95
resi dence barn hen house and hog house and his buil dings i n every
, , ,
way compare favo rably w ith the fi nest to be found i n the township .
On February 9 1 8 82 M r Gall wa s uni ted i n marriage with M i ss

, ,
.
Grace Holler who was born i n B av a r i a Ge r m a n y w here her mother

, L ,
still resi des he r fathe r having died when she was three years o f age
,
.
When she was eleven years ol d she came to the Unite d States wi th an
uncle settling i n St Paul where S h e was employe d u p to the time o f
, .
,
-
her marriage Two chil dren have been born to M r and M rs Gall
. . .
,
namely : E sther N etti e i s the wi fe o f Geo rge Rupp living o n H o l s o n ,
avenue St Paul their chil dren are : Wal ter Wesley Carl and the baby
, .
, , , ,
Harol d John Rupp H arvey H arol d who received his educatio n i n

.
,
the commo n schools i s now a s s i s t i n g h i s father on the home farm

,
~
.
M r Gall i s a Republican in hi s pol itical v iews but like hi s father

.
,
has never been an o ffi ce seeke r although he has serve d for ten years ,
as clerk o f the school board retiring from O f fice at the en d o f that time , ,
as he bel ieved he had discharged hi s full duties as a public —spi rited citi
zen He and M rs Gall are c onsistent membe rs o f the M etho di st E pi s
. .
copal church o f N orth S t Paul o f whi ch he i s a trustee and f rater .

, ,
nally he i s connected w ith the Modern Woodmen o f Ameri ca Alwa y s .
a hard worke r and a man o f exceptional energy M r Gall has not only , .
been able to attend to hi s ow n a ff ai rs wi th succe ss but has gi ven freely ,
o f hi s time and money to publi c matters and such a m a n i s very valu ,
able i n a community hi s neighbors fully appreci ati ng hi s service s and

,
givi ng him thei r full confidence and esteem .
E M I L S LA W I K Now pre si dent o f the S l a w i k Fur Company one o f

.
,
the leading concerns o f the ki nd in St Paul and the northwe st M r .

,
.
S l a w i k owes hi s consp icuous posi tio n and influenti al p romi nence i n busi
ness a ff ai rs enti rely to his ow n abili ty a n d force ful enterp ri se H e b e .
gan hi s career i n the ranks following his trade and by years o f faith , ,
ful i ndustry and a sound business j udgment ha s come up through the

grade s to a commanding place i n the commercial community o f St Paul . .
E mil S l a w i k was born i n Oberschlesien Germany o n the 6th o f , ,
Ap ril 1 8 57 and hi s early l i fe was spent o n a farm his father s occupa

, , ,
’
tion through out hi s active career being agricultu re The parents w ere .
Jacob and Mary ( L a m l a ) S l aw i k w ho spent all thei r l ives i n the Father ,
land where they are buried

, .
I n addition to acqui ring a substantial education i n hi s native tongue

M r S l a w i k du ri ng hi s boyhood was app renticed an d learne d the trade
.
of fu rrier and attained to marked profic iency i n that li ne o f work even

,
be fore coming to America H i s removal to the we stern r epu b l i c o c . .
curred i n 1 8 80 and his fi rst location was i n the ci ty o f Chicago and

, ,
then after a short time he settled at Readi ng M ichigan and worked at , ,
hi s trade there for three years .
S ince leavi ng M ichigan M r S l a w i k has been conti nuously i denti fie d .
by resi dence and business activities with St Paul For nineteen years . .
he was foreman o f the fur manu facturing department fo r th e L a n ph e r '
Ski nner Company o f thi s ci ty and du ring that long and faith ful servi ce ,
lai d the basi s o f his own independent busi ness career I n 1 900 b e e n .
gage d i n business on hi s own account and f rom a smal l but substantial ,
start has develope d hi s enterpri se until the S l aw i k Fu r Company o f ,
whi ch he i s the founder and pre si dent has a trade extending over several ,
states and i s everywhere recogni ze d as a high grade reli able concern

,
-
.
On January 9 1 886 s i x years a fter hi s arrival i n thi s c o untry M r

, , , .
.
S lawi k was united i n marriage w ith M i ss Anna R B odley M rs Sla . . .
w i k who has been the capable d i recto r o f thei r home and a sound a d
,
vi se r o f he r hu sband now for a quarter o f a century i s a native o f ,
E ngl and and i s one o f si x children the othe rs bein g : A d el a i d deceased ; , ,
Julia decease d ; Albert ; Caleb ; and Arthur G He r parents Geo rge

, .
,
and Susanna B odley came to Farm ington M innesota i n the early , , ,

’
e ightie s H er fathe r who was an E ngli sh farme r and al so engaged i n
.
,
the same occupation i n M innesota i s no w livi ng reti red with hi s son ,
Albert i n St Paul He r mother di e d i n thi s state March 1 6 1 892 M r

. . , . .
and M rs S l a w i k are the pa rents o f three chi ldren Victoria F Albe rt

.
, ,
and Ha rold .
M r S l a w i k i s a member o f t h e S t Paul Comme rc ial Club a n d o f the

‘
. .
K r i e g e n b u n d A ssoc iation and h is poli ti c s i s Republ ican The ho spi table ,

.
S l a w i k home i n S t Paul i s a handsome resi dence at 1 7 3 0 M arshall ave

.
n ue . M r S l a w i k among h i s f riends and busi ne ss associate s has a genial

.
a n d democ rati c manner so that hi s personal popularity has increased ,
w ith hi s p ro speri ty As a bu siness m a n he posse sse s the acumen and .
energy w hich o riginate and carry o u t large plan s and the enterp ri se ,
which he 11 a s built up i s o ne i n which he may take j usti fiable p ride .
During nearly thi rty years resi dence i n St Paul he has w o n hono rabl e ’
.
p ro speri ty and ha s di splayed on eve ry occasion a tho rough publi c spi rited -
citizenship .
H E N RY A R ID E R A glance at the record o f H enry A Ri de r sho w s

. . .
him to be a m a n o f great versati lity an d o f many occupati ons H e 11 as .
been a farme r 11 as engage d i n rail roadi ng the livery and stage business
, , .
bri dge building the tie a n d lumbe r bu si ness real e state and has held s u c
, ,
c es s f u l l y many important publ i c tru sts such as state representative a n d ,
deputy Uni ted State s ma rshal an d at the p resent time he i s executive

agent o f the state game and fish commi ssion H e i s exceptionally w ell .
ve rsed as to the natural re sou rces o f the state and stand s as o n e o f the
repre sentative a n d public — spi rite d c i ti zens Although so l oyal and e n .
t h u s i a s t i c a M innesotan h e i s by b i rth an d ancestry o f New E ngland .

,
i n w hich the fami ly wa s founde d a number o f generation s ago .
Hen ry Adelbert Ri de r was born i n North Adam s Massachusetts , ,
January 1 6 1 8 5 1 H e i s the son o f B rad ford Ri der who was born i n

, .
,
Bo rcher county Rhode I sland Whe n a young man the father came
. .
to the Bay state a n d subsequently remove d to M c H e n r y county I ll inoi s

-
, ,
w here he bought a farm A fter a numbe r o f years o f activity i n that .
secti on he wen t to Cerro Go rdo cou nty Iowa whe re he resumed hi s , , _
agricul tural act i v ities and there re si ded until summoned to h i s eternal ,
rest i n 1 88 4 at the age o f seventy ei ght years W he r e v e i he l ived he

'
-
.
,
became one o f the leading c i ti zens en j oy i ng unive rsal 1 e s p ec t The

.
.
,
mother whose mai den name was Harriet H olme s 1 1 as bo rn in Massa

, ,
c h u s e t t s and came west w ith he r hu sban d The demi se o f thi s worthy .
woman occu rred i n 1 8 64 at the age o f fi f t y fou r years The family ,

-
.
co nsi ste d o f six ch ildren as follow s : Na ncy w i do w o f L evi Jenks of ,

, .
North Adam s Ma ssachusetts ; Homer Ride r whose death occurred i n

.
,
1 896 ; Geo rge M Rider o f I owa deceased ; Marti n L Ri der o f Iowa

.
,
.
. .
, .
decea sed i n 1 88 1 ; Mary deceased wi fe o f Robert Copley ; a n d the . ,
sub j ect .
The publ ic school s o f I llinoi s and Iowa constitute d the educational

advantages o f Hen r y A Ride r Shortly a fter the death o f hi s m other . .
i n 1 864 he engaged in farmi ng i n which although o f such tende r years , , .

.
F RA N K W W II IT M O R E w as bo rn July 1 9 1 863 in Bath M aine H i s

.
, , ,
.
ancestry on both si de s i s E ngli sh and hi s parents were both born i n the

Pine Tree state Geo rge L Whitmo re hi s father was a captai n i n the
. .
, ,
Civil wa r havi ng charge o f Company F o f the N i neteent h M a i ne H e

, .
served throughout the entire war and acquitted himsel f wi th di stinction

H i s occupation as a C ivili an was farm ing He di ed Septembe r 3 0 1 905 .
, ,
at an advanced age having been bo rn Apri l I 1 8 2 8 He married Betsy

, ,
.
B White bo rn N ovembe r 2 8 1 8 3 2 who die d February

.
, , ,
Until the age o f eighteen M r Whitmo re o f thi s sketch attended .

, ,
school at Bow doi nham M ai ne begi nning i n the di strict school s and
, ,
fini shi ng i n the high school I n the fall o f 1 8 79 he went to Chicago and
.
entered the service o f the Chicago Fi re I nsurance Patrol For twelve .
years he was engage d i n that w ork i n Chicago and then i n 1 8 95 came to

S t Paul an d o rgani zed the St Paul Fire In surance Patrol o f whi ch he
. .
,
has been superintendent eve r si nce .
M rs Whitmore was fo rmerly M i ss Fanni e L White o f Chicago

. .
, ,
an d he r marriage to M r Whitmore took place i n that c ity N ovembe r 1 1

. .
1 88 9 at the home o f he r parents

,
M r an d M rs M ichael White Two , . . .
sons have been the i ssue o f thi s union Frank W born i n Chi cago Octo ,
.
, ,
ber 8 1 8 90 an d Geo rge Herbert bo rn June 3 1 893

, , , ,
.
M OST RE V E R E N D J OH N I R E L A ND D D No figure i n Ameri ca stands , . .
more sturdily f or broad patriotism as w ell as whol e souled Cathol ici sm ,

-
than M ost Reverend Joh n I reland Archbishop o f St Paul N o one has , . .
done more to bring h i s church into favor w ith true Ame ricans or to ,
make the United States more respected from the moral p lane i r r e s pec ,
tive o f rel igious belie f than John I reland M orals reli gion education
,
.
, , ,
pol itic s — all have felt the strong and sure touch o f hi s great mi nd a n d
,
heart so that the gol den anniversary o f h is consec ration to the divine
,
things o f heaven an d earth observed D ecember 2 1 1 9 1 1 was a national

, , ,
event albeit he him sel f woul d have made it but the O b se rvance o f a per
,
sonal blessing which had been given hi m th rough the grace o f God .
The papers through out the country and hundred s o f its great and
good men and women di rected thei r honest word s o f commendation a n d
good chee r at the splendid citi zen and p relate o f the chu rch whose lock s ,
h ave been whitened w ith the th ree an d seventy years wh ich have touched
t hem but w hose eye s are still bright step fi rm m ind strong and su re
, , ,
and heart w arm and tende r A s de scribed by a friend : .
B i shop I relan d i s a tal l slender i ntellectual look ing gentleman with

, , ,
sharp features and w ith a bright expressive face He u sually w ears a ,

.
l ong frock coat and a slouch hat wal ks quickly fli n g s h i s right arm out , ,
at hi s side th row s hi s head ti p an d moves rap idly along the pavement

, .
scarcely eve r stopping to notice a n y t h i n g o r anybody on the way or ,
even greet an acquai ntance H e gives one the imp ressi o n o f a s ti rring
"
.
and active bu si ness man a n d yet back O f all th i s i s intellect As a publ ic

,
.
speake r he i s clear earne st conci se logical a rgumentative and eloquent

, , , , .
While he i s devoted to the church yet he i s tolerant fai r and d igni fied , , .
A s a citizen he i s publ ic spi rited an d wideawake to the i nterests o f hi s

-
adopted city A s a man— possessing all the e ssential elements o f true

.
manhood— I know 11 0 pee r to Father I relan d .
Anothe r f riend s speak s m ore e spec ially o f hi s i ntellectual character

and attitude to American in stituti ons : Qui ck to penetrate the real
nature o f American l ibe rty A rchbi shop I reland has eve r sought to c o n
,
.
No other p relate i n the hi story o f the country has had j us t thi s par
t i c u l a r e xper i e n c e , t h i s
especial opportunity for greatness The Roman
'
Cathol ic chu rch in America an d St Paul has had great men devote d .
,
servants prie sts who we re statesmen in thei r u p buil ding o f the church
,
-
.
But no other dioce se has grown from the f ronti er voi d to the fullness o f
modern li fe i n fi fty years and un der one superior When John I reland .
came to St Paul s landi ng it w as little more than a tradi ng post in the

.
’
emptiness o f a great w i lderness and he was but a small boy who might ,
have bee n lost i n the human flotsam o f that unanchored time B ut as .
strong and spi ritual men had come i nto the wil dern ess to claim it for
the c hurch so some instinc t i n thi s boy reached back into the worl d o f
,
c ulture wi sdom and tradition and claimed the se for hi s o w n I t i s one

, , .
o f the mi racles that a boy wh o seemed but as other boys in the f rontier
village o f si xty years ago shoul d be today o n e o f the greatest chu rchmen
O f the world .
“
Fi fty yea rs ago today the young priest was consecrated i n the Cathe
dral o f S t Paul and through thi s hal f century he has served faith fully
.
,
hi s parish and h i s diocese and hi s chu rch beyond the diocese ; and hi s
, ,
country as faith fully H e has comp resse d a centu ry i n thi s hal f century
.
o f inde fatigable labor In fou r capital s i n Rome in Pari s i n Wash ing

.
, , ,
ton an d in S t Paul hi s culture and hi s coun se l have been factors i n

,
.
,
shaping modern a f fai rs N o other Ameri can chu rchman has so com .
b i n e d the devoti on o f the pari sh p riest an d the w i sdom o f the state sman .
“
Upon the mo st commandi ng hill site i n St Paul i s being e rected h i s .
monument The cathedral o f St Paul w i ll w itness for time immemorial

. .
the ar chiep iscopate o f John I reland F rom the l ittle chapel which marke d .
St Paul a n d gave i t its name to the great chu rch wh ich will soon house
.
the same faith enlarge d to splen di d proportions i s but the measu re o f

, ,
”
the ecclesiastical li fe o f the archbi shop .
The simple facts which are wel ded i nto the great and u se ful caree r
o f A rchbishop J ohn I relan d are a s follows He wa s born at Burnchu rch .
,
Kilkenny c ounty I reland September 1 1 1 8 3 8 W ith h i s parents he

'
, , , .
came to the United States i n 1 849 a n d the family settled i n Chicago , ,
whe re for three years John I reland attended school at the Academy o f
S t Mary s o f the L ake I n 1 8 52 the family moved to St Paul where
.
’
. .
,
t h e boy studie d in the Cathedral school f or a year .
I n company w ith t h e late Reverend Father R a v o u x and Th omas

O G o r m a n n ow bi shop o f Si oux Falls John I relan d 1 1 as sent i n 1 8 53
’
, ,
by B ishop Cretin to France where he stu di ed at the Petit Seminai re . .
Mexim ieux nea r L yon s fo r four years Anothe r four y ea rs 1 1 ere spent
, .
.
w ith the M arist Fathers o f Hye res at M ontbel Fra n ce where he c o m , ,
pl e te d hi s eccle siastical s tudies H e returned to St Paul i n 1 8 6 1 j ust . . .
at a time when the country was beginning the greatest confl ict o f the
Civi l war I n the cathedral wh ich had been completed du ring hi s ab
. .
,
sence i n France B ishop Thomas L Grace who had succeeded B i shop

,
.
,
Cretin i n charge o f th e see at S t Paul ordained the young cle ric a Roman .
.
Cathol ic p riest and w ithin a few month s Father I reland had been a p
pointed chapla i n o f the Fi fth M innesota V oluntee r Regiment then pre .
paring to go to the front Th e stu rdy and enthu siastic young Levite wa s .
consecrated to th e service o f God and the church 011 D ecembe r 2 1 1 86 1 , ,
and i t i s the gol den annive rsary o f that event which was celebrated i n
St Pa ul w ith such simple impressivene s s in De cember 1 9 1 1
. , .
Father I reland accompa n ie d th e Fi fth M innesota Regiment as its

chaplain and rema ined in th e se rvice o f h i s adopted c o u n t r v for a year
, ,
ST . PAU L A ND V I CI N I TY 801 ,
tenderi ng his resignation only on account o f ill health Return i ng to St -

. .
Paul he was appoi nted rector o f the cathedral and secretary o f the dio
,
cese When the war came to a close and th e peop le had an opportunity
. .
to return to their vocations the great perio d o f development o f the north ,
west began Father I reland was one o f the most active factors i n colo
.
n i z i n g the state was a stanch supporter o f the temperance movement

, ,
and at one time was chosen v i ce president o f the Total Abstinence

U nion o f America .
I n 1 870 Father I reland was sent to r ep resent B ishop Grace at the

V atican counci l and fi ve years later was selected t o fi ll the vacancy as
'
vi car apostol ic o f Nebraska Through the i ntercessi on o f B ishop Grace .
thi s appoi ntment was annulled and Fath er I reland became coadj utor
bishop o f St Paul w ith the right o f succession On the 2 1 5 t day o f
.
,
.
Decembe r 1 8 75 fourteen years after he had been consecrated to divine

, ,
serv ice he became the assistant o f the venerable bishop who had received
,
him into the priesthoo d under the title o f B i shop o f Mar o n ea an d coad “
”
j u t o r to B i shop Thomas L Grace . .
For the nine years succeeding B ishop I reland worked for the develop
ment o f the northwest and i n 1 8 84 when B i shop Grace resigne d he b e , , ,
came B i shop I reland w i th full control o f ecclesiastical a f fai rs The dio .
cese o f St Paul became such an important factor that Rome i n r ec o gn i

.
,
tion o f the work o f Bi shop I reland raised the city to the archiepi scopacy ,
in 1 888 and on May i 5t h o f that year John I reland rece ived the appoi nt
ment as archbi shop .
A rchbishop I reland s influence spread throughout the country and ’
numerous honors outside the church have come to hi m He was presi .
dent o f the St Paul Law and O rder League ; was prominent in 1 898
. .
w h en at the 1 eq u es t o f L eo XI I I he used h i s utmost e ff orts to have

, ,
the di ff erence between the United States an d S pa i n settle d without r e

course to arms and he delivered, at Pari s the address at the presenta
, ,
ti on o f the statue o f General Lafayette by the S chool chil dren o f the

United States to the Republ ic o f Fran ce July 4 1 900 , ,
.
The Philippine p roblem sti ll fre sh i n the minds o f the people at , ,

.
tracted the attention o f Archbi shop I reland and he was called i n as an ,
adviser by Wi lliam H Ta ft then governor o f the Philippi nes The de .

, _
.
gree o f L L D was con ferred upon h im by Yale France has made him
. . .
a commande r in the Legion o f Honor H e has acted as national chap .
lai n o f the Grand Army o f the Republic i s a l ieutenant colonel i n the ,
L oyal L egion an d was for several years president O f the M innesota

,
H istorical Society and was founder o f the St Paul Catholic Hi storical

, .
” “
S ociety He i s the author o f The Ch u r c h and M odern Soci ety which
.
,
he w rote i n 1 896 A s a constructive e ducator he rank s among the fore

.
most chu rchmen an d he has been instrumental i n having educ ational i n

,
s t i t u t i o ns i n M innesota placed i n the front rank .
Th e chapte r o f thi s history devoted to the Catholi c church and its

i nsti tutions show s the magnitude and importance o f the work aecom
,
pl i s h e d here during the ecclesiastical career o f John I reland an d largely ,
t hrough hi s instrumental ity ; The archdiocese o f St Paul i s hi s fruit .
ful vineyard and the gran d new cathedral wi ll be hi s enduring mo n u

,
ment .
DR C HAR L E S F K O N A NTz A publ ic spirited citi zen an d well known

. . .
- -
business man o f St ; Paul i s Dr Charles F K o n a n t z who unti l recent . .

,
years has been i denti fied w ith the manu factu ring worl d and who n o w .
.
i s vice p resident and di rector o f the Nati onal Bank o f Palouse Wash
-
.
i n gto n and i ntere sted i n variou s othe r financial and comme rci al i nsti
,
t u t i o n s i n M i nnesota and No rth Dakota Although a man who ha s not .
entered to any marke d extent i nto the publi c l i fe o f the c ity he 11 as at ,
the same time e xe rte d an i nfluence i n a S phere by no means c i rcum

scribed and has contribute d to the m a t e i i a l and civi c p rogress o f the
community i n which for so many years he has mai ntained hi s home H e .
11 as the di sti nction o f being a veteran o f the Civil war hav ing w o rn the , b
L n i o n blue 1 1 hen a youth at the time o f the confli ct b e t 11 e e n t h e states .
D r K o n a n t z bi rth occurred at Quincy Illi noi s September 7 1 847

.
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, , ,
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He received hi s p reliminary education in the school s o f hi s native town

a nd then conclu ded to adopt the dental p ro fe ssi on as hi s own preparing ,
i n the Western College o f Dental Su rgeons at St L oui s M i ssour i f rom .

,
which i n stitution he rece ived hi s degree i n 1 8 79 as doctor o f D ental

Surge ry He practiced fo r a comparatively short time eventually g i v
.
,
i ng up hi s w or k i n thi s fiel d to ente r the busine ss world Like so man y .
o f the y oung m e n o f hi s generatio n hi s youth was di sturbed by the u n

rest an d so rrow o f the Civi l wa r period and when only sixteen years o f
age he enli ste d a s a member o f Com pany A One Hundre d and Thi rty .
seventh V oluntee r I n fantry servi ng f rom 1 864 until the terminati on o f

,
the war .
D r K o n a n t z 11 as had a mo st successful bu sine ss career hi s j udg

.
,
ment and executive capacity being o f the highest o rder Fo r twent y .
years he 1 1 as the presi dent an d di rector o f the K o n a n t z Saddle ry Coni

pany i n St Paul a conce rn w h ich became one o f the mo st e xtensive
.
,
wholesale saddlery and harne ss manu factu ring establ ishments we st o f

Chi cago The subj ec t remained at the head o f that bu si ness until i t
1 1 a s sol d i n 1 90 5 to the K o n a n t z 8: Gave r Company As previously .
mentione d he i s now vice —pr e s i d e i 1 t a n d di recto r o f the National Bank

,
o f Palou se Washington and hi s di scrim ination and w ell di rected a d

, ,
m inistrative deal ing have se rved to make i t o n e o f the most substantial

and popular banking hou se s in the state H e i s al so an intereste d factor .
i n man y other enterpri se s o f large scope and impo rtance .
Wheneve r called upon to serve the public in any capaci ty he has

shown abili ty and conscie ntiou sne ss A s a member o f the board o f .
county comm issi oners o f Ramsey county i n 1 88 5 and a s a membe r o f

the board o f school i nspectors o f St Paul i n 1 889 he gave 1 a l u e d ser .
1 ice . Fo r man y y ears he was associated with th e time honored Ma sonic

o r dei a n d the I ndependent O rder O f Od d Fellow s He i s p a r t i c u l a r l 1 .
fond o f out doo r l i fe and O pe n ai r pu rsu its havi ng traveled very exten ,
s i v e l y i n thi s country and throughout E u rope H e i s well known an d .
that favorably i n the city and i s now reti red f rom active busi ne ss l i fe
. .
although retain i ng h i s connection with variou s inte rests .
J A M ES H The sub j ect o f thi s rev iew was born i n Rac ine
. .
Wi scon s i n August 3 1 1 8 4 5 He wa s o n e o f eight chil dren bo rn to

, .
Jame s a n d Abb y Bartlett W eed the former a native o f Stam fo rd Con

'
, ,
n ec tic ut and the latte r o f M a ssachu setts The fathe r was born in 1 8 1 0
. .
and l i ved to the age o f ninety —th ree H e and hi s w i fe came to I lli noi s .
i n 1 8 3 5 a n d later settle d i n Raci ne Wi sconsin The re James one o f the

. ,
.
,
younge st ch il dren i n the famil y grew up on the fa rm and attended the ,
school s w hich the country a f fo rded L ate r he was sent to Racine whe re .
he attended the high school until t he age o f e ighteen A fte r l eaving .
school M r “ e e d w ent to W inona M inne sota w i th the fi rm o f Stevens

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. . .
.
w ith variou s o ther organ izations and soci eti es

n ec t e d M r O Co n n o r
’
. .
w as ma rr i ed at L ebanon Ind i ana i n 1 886 to M i ss J uli a Ja ck s

, , , .
C H A R L E S W B U N N I n i ts lawyers St Paul has a bulwark o f

. .
,
.
stren gt h again st opp re ssion by the unj u st and i n the protecti on o f its
citi zens i n thei r guaranteed con stituti onal rights— a strength that i s i n ~
ve sted i n many brilli ant i ntellects The city i s renowned f a r an d w i de .
fo r the strength o f i ts bench and bar an d none o f thei r repre sentatives ,
a re mo re worthy o f special mention i n thi s work than the gentleman

who se name stands at the head of thi s brie f review Charles W Bunn . .
,
general counsel fo r the Northern Paci fic Rai lway Company i s foll ow ing ,
i n the footstep s o f h is father Judge Romango Bunn o f Wisconsin i n , , ,
hi s day one o f the most illustrious j uri sts o f the northwest .
Charle s W Bunn i s h imsel f a native o f t h e Badger state hi s li fe

.
,
reco r d having begun on M ay 2 1 1 8 55 near Gale sville Trempealeau , , ,
county Wi sconsin The mai den name o f hi s mother Wa s Sarah Purdy

,
.
,
and she as w ell as hi s fathe r w ere natives o f New Yo rk state thei r r e

, , ,
moval to Wi sconsin having occu r re d i n 1 8 54 only the year preceding ,
the bi rth o f the subj ect Here great pro fessional success was the por
.
tion o f Ju dge Bunn who was recogni zed over a w i de territo ry as a m a n

,
o f consummate legal ski ll and power a n d whose use ful ness was u n
equal led i n hi s particular fiel d fo r fully a quarter o f a centu ry du ring ,
which perio d he was Uni ted States di strict j udge o f the we stern d i strict
o f Wi sconsin .
Charles W Bunn spent h is boyhood i n Sparta Monroe county W i s

.
, ,
c onsin where he rece ived hi s earl y educati on a n d made p reparation fo r

,
ente ring the Universi ty o f Wi sconsi n i n 1 8 70 H e received hi s degree .
f rom that i nstitution in 1 8 7 4 and i n th e meantime having come to a de ,
c i s i o n to follow i n the paternal footstep s i n the matter o f a pro fe ssion ,
he entered the law O fli c e o f J H C arpente r o f Madi son Wi sconsin . .

, , ,
where he pursued his stu di es unde r the enl ightened di rection o f that
ge ntleman H e subsequently entered the law department o f the Uni
.
versity o f Wisconsi n graduating i n H e entered upo n hi s caree r

,
i n th e o f fice o f Cameron 81 L osey at L a Crosse Wi "sconsin i n the capa

ci ty o f law clerk a n d i n 1 8 7 6 havi ng al ready gi ven a taste o f hi s
,
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,
, '
,
”
qualit y he became a pa r t n e r i n the firm o f Cameron L osey 81 Bunn ,
.
M r Bunn continue d associate d w ith these gentlemen until 1 88 5 and

.
,
du ri ng that time the fi rm became one o f the strongest and mo st promi

nent i n that section In the year mentioned he removed to St Paul and
. .
he re entered i nto partne rship w ith J W L u sk unde r the capti on o f . .

,
Lusk 81 Bunn They developed an extensive bu si ness which assumed

. .
such p roportion s that a new partne r wa s admi tted to the firm i n the pe r
son o f E me rson H adley ( i n the new fi rm being known as L u sk ,
B unn 81 H adley I n 1 892 M r L u sk reti red the fi rm name bei ng changed

. .
,
to Bunn 81 H adley and it continue d thu s until 1 8 95 when the sub j ect gave ,
up general practi ce a n d accepted the po sition o f counsel fo r the r e

organizati on manage rs a n d receivers o f the N orthern Paci fic Rail road
Company and upon completion o f the wo rk o f reorgani zation he became
,
gene ral counsel for the Northern Paci fic Rai lway Company which o f ,
fic e he still hol d s Hi s place i n the St Paul bar i s di stingu i shed and

. .
full o f honors a n d he i s n o w at the zenith o f hi s powers .
M r Bunn was marri ed i n 1 8 7 7 in L a Cro sse Wi scon si n his chosen

.
, , .
l ady being M i ss Mary Anderson daughte r o f Mons Ande rson a promi

, , . .
nent citizen o f that place To the subj ect and hi s wi fe have been bo rn
. .
806 S T PAU L AN D VI CI NI TY
.
values on things I n 1 88 7 he returned to M i nnesota and was appointed

.
,
p ro fessor o f scripture i n the College o f St Thomas at M e rriam Park .

, .
H e spent a year a s pro fessor and then hi s active work as a pari sh p riest
began w ith hi s i nstallation as rec tor o f S t L uke s church St Paul
, .
’
, . .
The new pari sh then formed a f forded scope to hi s abi lity as a n o rgan
i z e r and i n a S hort time St L u ke s ranke d with the fi rst pari shes o f the
’
, .
city A fter having served seve n years i n thi s capacity he was honored
.
by being m ade rector o f t h e Cathe dral i n 1 896 During the years o f hi s .
p ri estly career h i s strong personality has le ft i ts imprint upon the educa

t i o n a l c ivic an d religiou s l i fe o f the community i n a manne r that 11 as been
,
h ighly beneficial a n d that ha s made for true p rogress H e has been a

, .
strong advocate o f the necessity o f religion in e ducation The re must

'
be enl ightenment for the mi nd but there must al so be gui dance for the ,
”
i nclinations o f the heart has been hi s contention i n season and out o f
,
season A constant student himsel f he app rec iates the value o f a true
.
,
and complete education an d neve r loses a n opportun ity to urge upon hi s

people the importance o f higher education for thei r chil dren— parti e n
l a r l y for thei r boys H e i s a man who take s a deep interest in civic a f
.
fai rs i s fearless and does not hesi tate to denounce those who for thei r
, , ,
O w n ag grandizement w iel d a n evil powe r Standing fo r the best i n m u

, .
~
n i c i pa l li fe he has been a citizen 0 11 whose p rudent advice and e f fective

,
c o operation the agencie s aiming at the gene ral upli ft o f the city have
been able to rely The late Governo r J ohnson appointe d Father I a w l e r

.
chaplain o f h i s sta f f for three consecutive term s and Governor E be r ,
hart twice honored him i n the same manner He i s v ice p resident o f the .
Assoc iated Charities a di rector i n the St Paul I nstitute o f A rts a n d

,
.
S ci ences and a l i fe member o f the M innesota H i storical Soc iety A s a

,
.
cle rgyman he l ives in the hearts o f h i s people E xcepti onal a s are hi s .
executive qual itie s i t i s hi s plain unobtru sive p iety wh ich causes hi s

. ,
pari sh ione rs who know him w el l a n d who have been wi tnesses to hi s u n

,
selfi sh sel f s ac r i fic i n g li fe to love h im

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,
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A staunch friend o f wage earners h e al so enj oys the full confidence .
o f employers for the w i sdom o f hi s j ud gm ent a n d the fai rness o f hi s

method s There are hundreds i n thi s c ity who have been the b e n e fic i a
.
ries o f h i s kindne ss o f heart and the busi ness inte rests are well aware .
o f the i nconvenience to which he i s always ready to subj ect him sel f i f

he c an only succeed i n helping poor peopl e to secu re employment Among .
the instance s o f hi s sympathy w ith working people an d h i s p ractical

measure s for amel iorati ng thei r condition may be mentioned h i s ad y o
cacy o f the movement for a shorte r w orking day fo r the retai l cle rks o f
St Paul The agitation which resulted in closing retail stores 011 Ch ri st
. .
mas e v e was h i s work and was a dec ided step toward a more humane
treatment o f clerk s i n regard to th ei r hou rs o f labor At the time when .
the movement was i n progress h i s vi ews were e xpressed i n the se 1 1 ords

“
I regard Christmas e v e at home a s a vi ctory for the cause o f the store
worke rs I t i s the forerunner o f a new order o f th ings for Saturda y s
.
.
I am in favor o f closed stores n o t only on Ch ri stma s eve but on ever y . .
S atu rday evening through out the y ear Clerk s concede too much when .
th ey agree to work until ten o cl ock on S at u r d a v night s It i s too lon g ’
a day The l ong 1 1 o r k i n g day i s an enem y to sel f improvement and

.
’
pl ace s obstacle s i n the 1 1 av o f one 5 h ighe r dutie s The short da 1 makes .
fo r a bette r and happie r manhood and womanhood because it a ff o rds

more time for necessary recreati on : for the cultivati on o f the menta l
faculties ; for the demand s o f social l i fe : and al so puts w ork in g peopl e
ST PAUL AN D VI CI N ITY
. 807
’
i n a better condi tion to be on han d on the Lo rd s day for D iv ine worship .
It means an i ncrease o f physical strength a stimulus to sel f —culture an , ,
opportunity to attend to the higher things o f l i fe I t means more health .

,
more intelligence more com fort more home li fe Merchants may be

, ,
.
found here and there— happi ly the number i s small— who seem to thi nk
that thei r employes have no right to leisure — no greater destiny than ,
physical labor Justice and charity p rotest against the i dea that wage
.
earners have no duties i n l i fe but to stan d behin d a counter for as many

unreasonable hours as the selfishness o f their un feel ing employers may
”
dictate I n accordance w ith his forecast m an y o f the l arge retail
.
,
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stores now c lose at an early hour on Saturday evenings and the time i s
near at hand when all o f them will do so .
B i shop Lawle r i s a tireless worker A sayi ng o f his that no one .
realizes what he c an accompli sh i n an hour has been veri fie d i n his o w n

daily l i fe For a quarter o f a century he has taken no vacation finding
.
'
,
su ffi cient recreation in a change o f labor Ascetic i n appearance he .

,
imp resses one w ith intense earnestness di rectness and i ron determina ,
tion E xpressive o f hi s tenacity o f purpose once he 11 as weighe d h i s

.
,
“
course o f acti on is the remark from one who attends the Cathedral :
,
If
B ishop L awler announces that a thing must be done it w ill be done ,
.
That settles it I n the pulpit a n d on the platform he i s a speaker o f

.
remarkable force clearness and eloquence H e wields a facile pen and

,
.
on many an O ccasion he has shown hi s ab ility a s a writer and c o n t r o v e r

s i al i s t .
Hi s promoti o n to the o ffice o f Auxil iary B ishop came on the 1 9t h o f

M a y 1 9 1 0 and occasione d great rej oicing
, ,
He has gone through z
l i fe .
D
doing the thing that lay nearest not thi nking o f honors but only o f the
, , ,
good o f his people and o f the work he might accompli sh for Christ ; and
thi s recognition at the hands o f hi s superiors was welcomed as the seal
o f app roval on his career not only by hi s c o rel igionists but by all hi s
,
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fellow citi zens as well He i s still in the p rime o f his physical and i n
“
t e l l ec tu a l vigor and he is so emi nently fitte d for the responsibilities o f t h e

ep iscopate that the finger o f prophecy points to hi m as one who will
pl ay a yet more p rominent part in the ecclesiastical a ff ai rs o f the cou n
try i n the years to come He i s especially wel l known to the people o f
.
S t Paul as a man with eminent administrative abil ity which together

.
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, ,
with hi s tact ful manner the charm o f hi s personality an d his eloquent

,
tongue cause them to hai l him as one o f the most important figures i n
,
th e Roman Catholi c church i n thi s country In th is connection i t has .
“
been sai d o f him : In him the finished scholar the el oquent preacher , .
the devout churchman the strict discipl inarian the w i se executive are
, , ,
happ ily combined p roducing a leader in h i s sacred calling who holds a

,
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”
place i n the front rank o f hi s contemporaries .
LE ON AR D P B L OO M Gi ven a f ai r amount o f financi al backing the

. .
,
advantages o f a good college educati on and the f riendship and suppo rt ,
o f men o f i nfluence almost any man may succeed i n r i sing to a place o f

,
di stinction and promi nence among h i s fellow s but tho se who have had ,
none o f these thi ngs

b
who have had to make thei r own way i n the world
, ,
fi nding thei r own o ppo r tu n i t i e s and havi ng the good sense to recogni ze
them an d the abil ity to make the most o f them Overcomi n g all obstacles ,
i n thei r path an d hew ing thei r way through to pl ace s o f i mportance i n

the business worl d o f thei r community are the men who form the back ,
bone O f our country S bu siness i nterests and can take a j usti fiable pride
’
,
.
in 11hat the y h a 1 e accompli she d Unti ring e nergy indu stry and faith ,
fulness to dut y in 11 h a t e v e r po s i tion he has been placed are the qual itie s
which have made L eonard P Bl oom one o f the ri sing young busi ness .
c iti zen s o f Whi te Bea r L ake and whatever succe ss he has gained has .
c o m e enti rely th rough h i s ow n e ff o rts M r Bloom who now hold s the . .

,
po sition o f manager o f the I nte r State L umbe r Company s yard has

’
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been a resi dent o f Wh ite Bear all o f hi s l i fe and was 11 0 1 11 i n thi s v i l .
lage Augu st 1 7 1 8 8 3 a son o f Peter an d Catheri ne ( H am m e i l e y )

, , .
Blo om M r Bloom s pa i e n t s who still survive a n d a re l iving on Di 1 i

. .
’
sion avenue a i e native s o f G i ce n county \V i sc o n s i n f rom whence t h e v

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came to W hite Bear L ake i n 1 8 8 2

L eonard P Bloom recei ved h is education i n the public sc h ool s o f
.
hi s native vil lage and a fte r completi ng a somewhat meagre education

,
began w orki ng at whatever occupation p re sente d itsel f and thus continu

i ng until he was ni neteen yea rs o f age at w hi c h t i m e he began team ,
'
ing i n and around \V h i t e Bear L ake I n 1 90 1 he entere d the employ o f .
T E Fello ws who at that time was proprieto r o f the lumbe r and coal
. .
,
yard where M r Bloom i s n o w occupi e d Starting a s a del ivery boy

. .
,
a fte r one and one hal f yea rs hi s faith fulness i n pe rfo r m ing the task s
-
inci dental to hi s positi on attracted the attention o f hi s employe r and he ,
was p romoted to the po si ti on o f yard man hi s dutie s bei ng to take the .
measurements o f lumber In 1 905 M r Fellow s sold hi s inte rests to the . .
I nter State Lumbe r Co mpany a n d M r Bloom continued to work w ith

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,
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the new conce rn and i n 1 906 he was p romoted to the po sition o f man
,
age r an o f fice w hi ch he has hel d to the present time

, .
O n June 2 3 1 909 M r Bloom was united i n marriage w ith M i ss Anna

, , .
C Johnson who was al so born reared a n d e ducate d in

.
. Bear the , ,
daughte r o f J G and E mi ly J ohn son They have had no chil dren

-
. . . .
M r Bloom wa s rea red i n the faith o f the Metho di st E piscopal church

. .
although he i s not a member but he suppo rts all denominations in the ,
town and i s a liberal contributor to movements o f a religiou s o r chari t

,
abl e natu re He i s a popular membe r o f the Mode rn Woodmen o f

.
America and al so hold s membershi p in the B rothe rhood o f Ame rican

,
Yeomen H e has neve r i nter ested h imsel f actively i n matte rs o f a pol i

.
ti cal natu re but all movements having fo r thei r obj ect the wel fare o f
,
’
hi s community receive h i s earne st support and when the Young M en s .
Chri stian A ssoci ation was o rganized i n th i s ci ty he was one o f the fi rst
to contribute to the bui l ding fund Progre ssive i n hi s ideas sincere i n .
,
all that he unde rtake s stead fast in hi s f riendship s M r Bloom i s a gre at , , .
favo rite w i th al l w ho have come i n contact wi th him whether i n a busi

ness o r social way and has many warm pe rsonal f riends in White Bear , ,
L ake who take a si ncere inte rest i n whatever proj ect w ith whi ch h e m a v
be connected .
J A M E S M K I Nt P i e s e n t i n g as it does a w orthy example to the ri sing

. .
generation the li fe o f Jame s M King postma ster substantial busine ss

. . . .
m an and publ ic spi rited ci ti zen o f \V h i t e Bear Mi nnesota which from ,
early boyhood has been one o f assi duou s industry unti ri ng energy and ,
unque stioned i ntegri ty i s well dese rving o f be ing sketched however , .
b riefl y i n t h e pages o f th i s vol ume M r Ki ng wa s bo rn 011 a fa rm

’
. .
.
near Bea v e i Dam Dodge county Wi sconsin April 1 1 8 6 1 and i s a , , . .
son o f Jam es T and Do rothy S ( H e ff n e i ) King . .
M r Ki ng was an in fant when hi s parents came to M innesota in 1 8 62

. .
a n d the f a n i i l 1 settl ed on a fa i m near Mankato where t h e v 1 1 c i e living .

.
s ti t u ti o n ,
an d contribute d largely to th e building fund H e has l ived a
.
clean and well spent li fe and now at the age o f fi fty years i s i n hi s
-
, , ,
prime w ith some o f the best years o f hi s li fe yet be fo re him H e may

,
.
take a j ust ifi abl e pri de i n w hat he has accompli she d and in the fact that
,
in all o f hi s dealings w ith hi s fellow citi zens whethe r o f a busi ness social
, ,
o r pol itical nature he has so acted that he has the e steem and respect o f
,
A
all and that al l are p roud to call him f riend
,
.

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H i s t o ry o f

ST . P AU L S F IRST S C H OO L S— F IR S T P UB L I C S C H OO L H OUS E— P ION EE R

P H YSI C A L CON S E RV ATION A N D S A F E TY— TH E L ITT L E R ED S C H OO L “

T E RS— A NOT H E R NE w DE P A RTU R E .

Few c itie s o f a corresponding population are so well supplie d w ith

number o f exceptionally success f ul C athol ic day boarding school s ; nearly -

a score o f schools divi ded among various P rotestant denominations

busi ness and commercia l co l leges an d a goodly number o f p rivate schools

ranging from k indergartens to college preparatory The enrollment i n .

the public school s i s over and in other schoo l s about con

s t i t u t i n g alto g ethe r nearly a ﬁ fth o f t h e enti re population The Universi ty .

o F M innesot a one o f the large s t i n th e country every y ear gaining in com

p l e t e n es s o f equipment i s si tuated j ust outsi de the city s border and o n e

department the S chool o f Agriculture with its experiment farm i s

w ithi n the ci ty limits The St Paul I nstitute o f A rts and Sciences a

most advance d lines to rai se the standard o f educationa l methods as well

o f hi s school days divorced from the tedium o f multiplication and syntax

and the orthography o f p olysyllables have a human i nterest that i s u h ,

forgotten and u n f o r g etab l e The p ioneer chi ldren o f earliest St Paul

and grandchildren made printed reco rds .

school o f any ki nd in St Paul At that time there were only about

scholars i n attendance On the 2 d of June o f that year M rs Rumsey .

ma rried Alexande r M ege a Frenchman and the school was di scontinued , , .

Shortly a fterward an attempt was made by M r S Cow den J r to r e . .

records remai n o f eithe r o f the se epi sodes ; hence M i ss B i shop s title to ’

I n 1 84 7 under the auspice s o f the B oard o f National Popula r E du

cation with a comm ission w hi ch covered the entire extent o f territory

as the ﬁrst regu lar E ngli sh school i n S t Paul S he thus describes he r . .

mu d c h i n k i n g s i n si ze I O by 1 2 feet ; a lim ited space i n one corner w as

occupied by a stick chimney a n d a mud ﬁ replace This room had i n its .

early days served consecutively the triple use o f dwelling stable an d

to admi t the week day school the Dakotas at once c o m p l i m e n t i ve l y dubbed ,

g r a n c e o f cedar bough s which had charmed hideousne ss into a rural ar ,

bo r O n three si de s o f the i nteri or o f thi s humble l og cabin pegs were

proportion o f pu re white s and those with more or le ss o f I ndian blood

the d ischarge o f her dutie s B ible reading was practice d daily I n a . .

few months the number o f scholars had increased to fo rty two -

names o f ﬁve o f them have been handed down to u s They were M i ss .

B ishop M i ss Harriet Patch M rs Henry Jackson M rs John R I rvine

and M rs J W Bass M rs Bas s still l ive s i n S t P aul What a marvel

scho ol s college s and universities wi th an i nvested school fund n o w

amounting to a n d destined ultimately to reach , ,

was the accommodation o f the school chu rch court occasional l ec . . ,

tures elections and all publi c assemblages

expenditure o f three hundred dollars on a building 2 5 by 30 feet would

poses designated u n ti l 1 8 5 1 when some o f the religious denominations ,

had churche s o f thei r own I t was burned in the ﬁre o f August 1 8 57 .

S t Peter Prior to its d e structi on having become the property of the

school district and a debt o f eighty dollars incurred i n its construction

failed to elect school trustees at the general election no legal organi za ,

education hel d in St Paul was o n the evening o f D ecember 1 1 849 at

which a provisional committee o n schools was appoi nted consisting o f ,

Wi lliam H Forbes E dmund Rice E D N eill J P Parsons and B F

boys in the Methodist church on M arket street beginning D ecember l oth , .

M i ss B i sh op was engaged to teach o n Bench street and M i ss S c o ﬁ e l d ,

was engaged to teach in a school bu il ding to be erected i n lower town .

Juli a A B arnum a fterwards Mrs S P Fol som taught thi s school in

l at u r e authorizing the trustee s o f school di strict N o 2 to con fer college .

degrees Against thi s M r Neill protested i n hi s report as superintendent

o f school s i n the following year decl aring the law a burlesque an d an

i n fringement on the prerogatives o f the regents o f the State University .

and E sson I n 1 8 53 the public schools were taught by Mi ss B i shop Mr s

Parker and M i ss E sson During the w inter o f 1 8 53 4 Horace Bigel ow .

creating The B oard o f E ducation o f the city o f St Paul to consi st .