PRAVEEN SIR-s CA 360-Geography Related Issues -ENGLISH_28369371_2024_01_18_08_39

Praveen Sir’s CURRENT AFFAIRS – 2023
Geography Related Issues

Don't share details of Joshimath survey with media: NDMA
• Don't share details of Joshimath survey with media: NDMA
• After the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said in a report that Joshimath sank 5.4
cm between December 27 and January8, the National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) directed all departments and organisations involved in survey and data collection
in the Uttarakhand town hit by land subsidence not to interact with the media or share data
on social media.
•
Neelakurinii
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has listed Neelakurinji
(Strobilantheskunthiana) under Schedule Ill of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, including it
on the list of protected plants.
Rare species of duck sighted in Manipur's Loktak lake after over 90 years
• A rare species of duck, Greater Scaup, locally known as Sadangman, was recently sighted in
Loktaklake in Manipur's Bishnupur district after a gap of over 90 years.
• About Greater Scaup:
• IUCN Status: Least Concern
• The greater scaup (Aythyamarila) is a medium-sized diving duck belonging to the family
• The greater scup species is distributed in Asia, Europe, the United States, and Canada.
• It is a rare visitor to the Indian Subcontinent.
Spot Bellied Eagle Owl

• A 'Spot Bellied Eagle Owl' (Bubo Nipalensis) was spotted for the first time in the
Seshachalam forest, and for the third time in Andhra Pradesh.
• About Spot Bellied Eagle Owl:
• The bold predatory bird, measuring 20- 25 inches in length and weighing between 1.5 kg
and 2 kg, feeds on small rodents and lizards.
• The bird makes a strange scream similar to humans and it is hence called the 'Ghost of the
Forest' in India and 'Devil Bird' in Sri Lanka
• It is a forest-inhabiting species found in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia
• IUCN Status: Least Concern
Rare dinosaur eggs

Rare dinosaur eggs found in Narmada Valley show how ancient reptiles shared traits with
today's birds: Study.
A group of Indian researchers found rare cases of fossilized dinosaur eggs - an egg within an egg
among 256 newly discovered eggs from the Narmada Valley.
National capital Delhi has emerged as the most polluted city in the country-NCAP REPORT
• National capital Delhi has emerged as the most polluted city in the country. The National
Clean Air Program (NCAP) 2022 report revealed this.
• The report noted that the tiny dust particle pollution in the air here is twice the safe limit of
2.5 pm levels. However, in the last four years, Delhi's pollution has come down by seven
percent.
• In 2019, it was 108 micrograms per cubic meter, which has come down to 99.71 micrograms
in 2022. The NCAP aims to reduce this pollution by 20 to 30 per cent by 2024.
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• Faridabad in Haryana ranks second among the most polluted cities after Delhi with 95.64
micrograms per cubic meter. Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh came third with 91.25 micrograms.
• To reduce air pollution in 102 cities of the country, the central government has established
NCAP at the national level on January 10, 2019.
Assam Took Rhino Poaching Down to Numero Zero In 2022

No rhino poaching incident was reported in Assam in 2022. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma,
while interacting with reporters on the first day of 2023 on Sunday, apprised the people of this
positive news. Sharing the data of year-wise rhino poaching incidents in the state, GP Singh, Special
DGP of Assam, taking to Twitter, said: "Our efforts against rhino poaching have yielded good
results. In 2022, not a single rhino was killed by poachers in Assam. The last such incident
happened on December 28, 2021, in Hilkund, Kohora, Golaghat district. Our efforts against
poaching will continue."
Union Cabinet approves National Green Hydrogen Mission

• It aims to make India a ‘global hub’ for using, producing and exporting green hydrogen
• Developing green hydrogen production capacity of at least 5 MMT (Million Metric Tonne)
per annum, alongside adding renewable energy capacity of about 125 GW (gigawatt) in
India by 2030.
• It aims to entail over Rs 8 lakh crore of total investments and is expected to generate six
lakh jobs.
Visakhapatnam Railway Station awarded ‘Green Railway Station Certificate’

East Coast Railways ‘Visakhapatnam railway station has received the prestigious ‘Green Railway
Station Certification’ with the highest Platinum rating. The certificate has been awarded by the
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) for adopting green concepts. It secured 82 out of 100 points
in six environmental categories.
SankhyaSagar
Madhya Pradesh's newest Ramsar wetland covered in invasive water Hyacinth, threatening
biodiversity.
An artificial lake in MP's Shivpuri district SankhyaSagar, has virtually disappeared under a thick
layer of an invasive aquatic plant (hyacinth), threatening the biodiversity of the water body.
SankhyaSagar - a Ramsar site (declared in 2022), is a wetland site designated internationally
important by UNESCO.
The lake spreads across 248 hectares (612.82 acres) and helps maintain the ecological balance of
the Madhav National Park.
The lake is home to marsh crocodiles aka 'Mugger' (Crocodyluspalustris), which is a Schedule I
reptilian species protected under the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act. 1972.
Haiderpur Wetland
The Union Environment Ministry has recently directed Uttar Pradesh to immediately stop the
further draining of the Haiderpur wetland and ensure that dewatering the protected Ramsar site
for farming needs takes place only when migratory birds are not nesting at the location.
About Haiderpur wetland:
It is a human-made wetland that was formed in 1984 by the construction of the Madhya Ganga
Barrage on a floodplain of the river Ganga.
Location: Muzaffarnagar-Bijnor border in Uttar Pradesh. It is located within the boundaries of
Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary.
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This provides habitat for various animal and plant species, including around 30 species of plants,
300 species of birds (102 waterbirds), 40 fish and more than ten mammal species.
It supports more than 15 globally threatened species, such as the critically endangered gharial and
the endangered hog deer, black-bellied tern, steppe eagle, Indian skimmer and gold mahseer.
It has been recognised as the 47th Ramsar site of India in 2021.
Bhoj wetland
The National Green Tribunal has directed the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Madhya
Pradesh Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) to periodically monitor the activities of a cruise vessel
polluting the Bhoj wetland in Bhopal, MP.
A mid-sized cruise vessel can consume 150 tonnes of fuel each day and dump toxic waste in water.
Bhoj wetland:
It is located around Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh
The wetland is also a Ramsar site with international importance.
It has two lakes, Upper Lake, also called Bhojtal and Lower Lake or ChhotaTalaab.
It provides drinking water to 1.2 million people, Pandey highlighted during the January 10 hearing.
Chinampas: Floating Gardens made of Plastic bottles.

In Singapore, a group of volunteers are encouraging people to turn plastic bottles into mini floating
gardens, known as chinampas.
Origin: It was used as an ancient farming technique by the Aztecs (Mexico), who built artificial
floating islands in lakes and found a way to grow plants and food on them.
Usage: This can be used as an innovative example to recycle and reuse plastic bottles.
Olive Ridley Turtles (Lepidochelysolivacea)

The villagers in the coastal region of Andhra Pradesh reported that Olive Ridley Turtles hundreds
of Olive Ridley turtles were washed ashore. This is the annual breeding season of Olive Ridley
turtles, that is, between February and March.
During this time, the females come to the shore to lay eggs. Unfortunately, their population is
declining due to several reasons such as fishing nets, plastics, etc.
In India, the turtle’s nest in the Gahirmatha beach the beach is one of the largest nesting sites of the
Olive Ridley Turtles in the world.
They are also known as the Pacific Ridley Turtles.
The IUCN categorizes these turtles as "Vulnerable" CITES put them under "APPENDIX I". They are
found in the Indian Ocean, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans.
2022 is the fifth hottest year on record

The average temperature of the Earth's surface will be the highest recorded in 2022, NASA report
concluded. As a result, that year became the fifth hottest year on record. The temperature in 2022
is 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit, or 0.89 degrees Celsius, higher than the 1951-1980 average temperature
set by NASA.Tothis extent scientists from the Goddard Institute of Space Studies of NASA in New
York revealed.
Kilauea Volcano
Island's most dangerous volcano, Kilauea is erupting and spewing out massive amounts of
lava. According to the American Geological Survey, this is the largest earthquake in the last 40
years.
Meghalaya’s living root bridges

• Root bridges: Meghalaya
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• Locally known as 'jingkiengiri'
• These sites have recently been added to the tentative UNESCO world heritage site list.
• These are naturally built bridges mainly built by firstly planting two rubber trees of the
Ficuselastica on either side of a river.
Machu Picchu
It is a 15th-century site.
Location: Machu Picchu is located 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Cuzco, Peru, in the Cordillera
de Vilcabamba of the Andes Mountains.
Machu Picchu is believed to have been built by Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the ninth ruler of the
Inca, in the mid-1400s.It is made up of temples, palaces, terraces, monuments, complexes and
walls.
The city is divided into a lower and upper part, separating the farming from residential areas,
with a large square between the two.
Machu Picchu was abandoned when the Inca Empire was conquered by the Spaniards in the
sixteenth century.Machu Picchu was rediscovered in 1911 by the American explorer Hiram
Bingham.It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983.
India experienced warmest February this year since 1877: IMD

India reported the warmest February this year since 1877 with average maximum temperatures
touching 29.54 degrees Celsius, the weather, while linking it with global warming. The India
Meteorological Department (IMD) said most parts of the country are expected to experience above-
normal temperatures while the southern peninsula and parts of Maharashtra are likely to escape the
brunt of harsh weather conditions.
Gold Deposits Found at Different Locations in Three Districts of Odisha

Steel and Mines Minister Prafulla Kumar Mallik has informed the state Assembly that Gold deposits
have been found at different locations in three districts of Odisha, including Deogarh Keonjhar, and
Mayurbhanj.The Minister informed that the State Directorate of Mines and geology and the Geological
Survey of India (GSI) conducted a preliminary survey and found the presence of gold deposits in the
Adas area of Deogarh, Gopur, Gazipur, Kusakala, Adal, Saleikana, Dimirimunda, and Karadanga area of
Keonjhar.
Why is Indonesia moving its capital from Jakarta to Borneo?

Indonesia is all set to move its capital from Jakarta to Borneo over environmental issues such as being
congested, sinking into seawater, and being prone to earthquakes. Officials said the new metropolis
city will be a “sustainable forest city,” that puts the environment at the heart of the development and
will be carbon neutral by 2045.Jakarta, home to 10 million people has been described as the world’s
most rapidly sinking city which is estimated to be completely submerged by 2050.Officials claimed
that the main reason behind moving the capital is uncontrolled groundwater extraction which has
been exacerbated by the rising Java Sea due to climate change.Although it’s just not water issues only,
the air is also heavily polluted, and it floods regularly due to clogged roads, and the estimated
congestion cost is around $4.5 billion a year.This prompted the president to plan for a new capital,
which he wants to establish as the city of ‘Nusantara,‘ that will allow the construction of government
buildings and housing from scratch.
Indonesia’s Mount Merapi volcano erupted

Mount Merapi, one of the world’s most active volcanoes, erupted, spewing out smoke and ash that
covered villages near the crater. There were no immediate reports of casualties, the the National
Disaster Mitigation Agency said. The images broadcasted shows ash-covered houses and roads at a
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village near the volcano, in Yogyakarta
ThanthaiPeriyar Wildlife Sanctuary

The Tamil Nadu Government has announced the notification of ThanthaiPerivar Wildlife Sanctuary,
making it the 18th wildlife sanctuary in the state. Spread across 80,567 hectares in the forest areas of
Anthiyur and Gobichettipalayam taluks in Erode district, the sanctuary will include reserve forest
areas in Anthiyur, Bargur, Thattakarai and Chennampatti. The announcement was made during the
state budget recently.
New Catfish species discovered in Arunachal Pradesh

The new species has been named 'ExostomaDhritiae' after Dhriti Banerjee, the first woman director
of the ZSI, as a mark of honour for her contributions to research on the fauna of the country, it stated.
Jerdon's narrow-mouthed frog (Uperodonmontanus)

The Jerdon's narrow-mouthed frog, a montane species found in the Western Ghats, has been
rediscovered after 89 years by a group of zoologists.
IUCN: 'Near Threatened', but researchers are campaigning for it to be classitied as Endangered.'
New species of Moray Eel discovered off Cuddalore coast named after Tamil Nadu
A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has discovered a new
species of Moray Eel fish from the Cuddalore coast in Tamil Nadu.The new species has been named
"GymnothoraxTamilnaduensis" after Tamil Nadu and has been given the common name of "Tamil
Nadu brown moray eel".
Odisha declares Gandhamardan Hill as biodiversity heritage site

The Odisha government has declared the Gandhamardan hill, spanning 18,963.898 hectare over
Bolangir and Bargarh districts, as the third biodiversity heritage site of the state by giving it the status
of a unique, ecologically fragile ecosystem having rich biodiversity. Gandhamardan has become the
37th biodiversity heritage site of India, along with the Majuli island of Assam, Nallur Tamarind grove
of Bangalore, Khlaw Kur SyiemKmieIng sacred grove of Meghalaya and Naro Hills of Madhya Pradesh.
Aravali Green Wall Project

Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change inaugurated the Aravali Green Wall
Project on the occasion of International day of Forests and unveiled the National Action Plan to
Combat Desertification and Land Degradation Through Forestry Interventions.It is an ambitious plan
to create a 1,400km long and 5km wide green belt buffer around the Aravali Mountain range covering
states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Delhi.In the initial phase, 75 water bodies will be
rejuvenated, starting with five waterbodies each in every district of Aravalli landscape.It will cover
degraded land in Gurgaon, Faridabad, Bhiwani, Mahendergarh and in Rewari districts of Haryana.
The plan is inspired by Africa’s ‘Great Green Wall’ project, running from Senegal (West) to Djibouti
(East), which came into effect, in 2007.
CM Prem Singh Tamang launched 'Mero Rukh Mero Santati’

On 2nd February 2023, Prem Singh Tamang, Chief Minister (CM) of Sikkim, launched the initiative,
named 'Mero Rukh Mero Santati' (Plant a Tree, leave a Legacy), under which 100 trees will be planted
for every child born in Sikkim. The initiative is aimed at strengthening the connection between
parents, children, and nature by planting trees to commemorate childbirth. At the programme, CM
Prem Singh Tamang distributed token seedlings to some new parents.
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MISHTI Initiative for Mangroves
The Union Budget 2023-24 announced a new initiative for mangrove plantations along the coastline
and on salt pan lands - MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes).
Earlier, India joined the Mangrove Alliance for Climate launched during the UNFCCC COP27.
Although Mangroves cover only about 0.1% of the planet's surface, they can potentially store up to
10x more carbon per hectare (ha) than terrestrial forests. They protect coastal communities by acting
as a natural barrier against storm surges.
According to India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021, India's total mangrove cover is 4,992 km2
(0.15% of total geographical area). India lost 40% of its mangrove cover during the last century with
Kerala losing 95% of its mangroves in the last 3 decades.
Asian Waterbird Census-2023: 52 Avian Species Observed in Ladakh

52 avian species were observed in the Asian Waterbird Census-2023, which was conducted in the
union territory of Ladakh between 17th and 19th January 2023.
The census was organised by the Himalaya project and the Department of Wildlife Protection of
Ladakh in collaboration with the Ladakh Biodiversity Council, a statutory body of the Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MOEFCC).
Among the 52 bird species, 11 were sighted in Chumathang, 10 in Puga, 21 in Shey, and 10 in Phey
along the Indus River.
Among the 52 species, 35 were recorded across all the birding sites, out of which 13 were
waterbirds.The observations were recorded on the Bird app, an online bird observations database
that offers real-time data about bird distribution and abundance to scientists, researchers, and
amateur naturalists.
Nevado del Ruiz

Nevado del Ruiz is a stratovolcano located in the central part of Colombia is considered one of the
most active and dangerous volcanoes in the country, with a history of generating destructive lahars
and pyroclastic flows. In this article, we will delve into the facts and information about the Nevado del
Ruiz volcano.
Glacier decline in Himalayas beyond expectations

International scientists claim that the loss of glaciers in the Greater Himalayan region has been
underestimated in the last twenty years. The reason for this is the lack of satellites capable of
observing the changes in the underwater part. It is stated that this will have a major impact on the
future water availability estimates in the region. It has been found that the decline in glaciers
extending to lakes in the Greater Himalayan region has been underestimated by 6.5 percent. In the
central region this discrepancy is 10 percent. There the lakes formed by the melting of the glaciers
grew rapidly. The scientists concluded that Galong Ko in this region was underestimated by 65
percent. Between 2000 and 2020, the lakes here have increased by 47 percent. It was concluded that
their spread is 33 percent in terms of area and 42 percent in terms of size. Due to this, it is clear that
2.7 gigatons of ice has melted in the glaciers there. It is said to be equivalent to the weight of 57 crore
elephants.
J&K: Give Plastic, Take gold

• Sadiwara, a village in South Kashmir's Anantnag district, has launched an innovative and eco-
friendly initiative called 'Give Plastic and Take Gold'.
• About: The schemes offer a gold coin as a reward to anyone who collects 20 quintals of plastic
waste.
• Impact: Within 15 days of starting the campaign, the village was declared plastic-free. The
initiative has gained popularity and has been adopted by other panchayats as well.
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President of India Inaugurates GAJ UTSAV – 2023
• On April 7, 2023, The Gaj Utsav-2023 was inaugurated at the Kaziranga National Park by the
President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu.
• During her speech, she highlighted the significant bond between nature and humanity, which
is regarded as sacred. India has always identified itself with a culture of respecting nature.
• Our country has a unique connection between nature and culture, where both have been
intertwined and nourishing each other.
• Elephants have been held in high esteem in our tradition, and are considered a symbol of
prosperity.
• As the National Heritage Animal of India, safeguarding elephants is an essential element of our
national duty to conserve our national heritage.
Top 10 Contributors to Global Warming
Recently, the research published in the journal "Scientific Data' ranked India fifth among the top 10
contributors to global warming.
• What are the Key Highlights of the Report?
• Top Contributor:
• The United States topped the list with its emissions causing 0.28°C (17.3%) of rise in
temperature.
• China stood second and Russia took third place.
• India's Position:
• Since 2005, India climbed to the fifth spot from the 10th.
• India is responsible for 0.08 degrees Celsius of warming from the 1850s through 2021.
• India's emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20) from 1851-
2021 have resulted in 0.04°C, 0.03°C and 0.006°C of global warming over pre-industrial levels,
respectively.
India's first cloned desi Gir female calf, Ganga produced at NDRI
The National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, has developed the country's first cloned female
calf of the desi breed Gir, which can produce more than 15 litres of milk per day, as part of the
government's push to increase milk production.
In a first, Eravikulam National Park gets a Fernarium

• Eravikulam National Park is located in the Western Ghats of India, in the state of Kerala.
• The park was initially established as a game sanctuary in 1975 to protect the endangered
Nilgiri tahr, a type of mountain goat that is endemic to the Western Ghats.
• In 1978, the sanctuary was converted into a national park, covering an area of 97 square
kilometers.
• It is home to a variety of wildlife, including not only the Nilgiri tahr but also macaques,
leopards, and several species of birds. The park is also known for its lush forests, rolling
grasslands, and cascading waterfalls.
Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary

• The black panther was rescued and will be released into the Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary in
South Goa
Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary

The Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh, India is set to become a tiger reserve, according
to the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
• What is the issue?
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• The announcement has caused concern among the Idu Mishmi people who believe that the
reserve would restrict their access to the forest.
• Who are Idu Mishmis?
• They are a sub-tribe of the Mishmi group (the other two Mishmi groups are Digaru and Miju)
in Arunachal Pradesh and have a strong connection to the region's flora and fauna. According
to Idu mythology, tigers are their "elder brothers." and their belief system of myths and taboos
protects many animals, including a prohibition on killing tigers.
Tiger Census – 2022

• The Tiger Population in India was 3,167 in 2022, revealed the latest tiger census data released
by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. According to the data, the tiger population stood at 1,411 in
2006, 1,706 in 2010, 2,226 in 2014, 2,967 in 2018 and 3,167 in 2022.
PM Narendra Modi launches global bloc to save 7 Big Cat Species

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched Sunday a 97-nation International Big Cats Alliance
that will focus on the protection and conservation of seven big cat species in the wild, namely,
the tiger, leopard, jaguar, lion, snow leopard, puma, and cheetah.
UP gets World's First Conservation & Breeding Centre for Asian King Vultures
Jatayu Conservation and Breeding Centre (JCBC), the world's 1st conservation and breeding centre
developed exclusively for the conservation of the Asian king vulture in Maharajganj district in Uttar
Pradesh (UP) is set to be inaugurated by UP Chief Minister
(CM) Yogi Adityanath on the occasion of International Vulture Awareness Day(first Saturday of
September).
The center, named Jatayu Conservation and Breeding Centre (JCBC), is spread over 1.5 hectares and is
designed to maintain a sustainable population of the species by breeding king vultures in captivity
and releasing them into the wild.
Asian king vulture is critically endangered and protected under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
Amolops siju: ZSI Scientists discovered a New Frog Species in Meghalaya's Siju Cave
A team of scientists from the Pune (Maharashtra)-based Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have
discovered a new species of cascade ranid frogs of genus Amolops named "Amolops siju" from the Siju
cave in the South Garo Hills district, Meghalaya.
Mission 50K-EV4ECO
• The Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has launched Mission 50K-EV4ECO,
the initiative will fund the purchase of 50,000 EVs in the country to spur the local ecosystem.
• About the mission:
• The pilot phase of 'Mission 50K-EV4ECO will increase the uptake for two, three and four-
wheelers through direct (to MSMEs) and indirect lending (to NBFCs)
• This scheme is the precursor to EVOLVE scheme by SIDBI-World Bank
• The Indian automobile industry ranked fifth largest globally and is expected to become the
third largest by 2030. However, the sale of electric vehicles accounts for just 1% of total sales,
currently.
PM Modi Launches Two Schemes for Wetland and Mangrove Conservation on World
Environment Day
On World Environment Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched two schemes, namely Amrit
Dharohar and MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats and Tangible Incomes). These
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schemes are aimed at reviving and conserving India's wetlands and mangroves, contributing to the
campaign for a green future and green economy.
Marine fish migration with global warming

Researchers have revealed that the increase in surface temperatures is having a severe impact on
marine life as well. Researchers at the University of Glasgow in Britain said that global warming is
also warming sea waters, which is causing fish species to migrate to cooler places such as the North
and South Poles, and deeper into the ocean. He said that even if there is a slight change in the
temperature of the surrounding water, it is having a negative effect on the growth and reproduction
of the fish species in the sea. It has been determined that global warming affects fish seven times
faster than animals. As part of their research, they examined 115 types of marine life and 595 types of
fish and prepared a study report.
Pisodonophis kalinga
The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) recently made an exciting discovery in the waters of Odisha's
Ganiam district. Scientists from ZSI identified a previously unknown species of eel, which has been
named Pisodonophis kalinga. This remarkable finding sheds light on the rich biodiversity of the
region and underscores the importance of conservation efforts.
Mayon volcano spews lava

More than 12,600 people have left the mostly poor farming communities within a 6-kilometer (3.7-
mile) radius of Mayon Volcano’s crater in mandatory evacuations since volcanic activity increased last
week. But thousands more remain within the permanent danger zone below Mayon, an area long
declared off-limits to people but where generations have lived and farmed because they have
nowhere else to go.
Kilauea volcano erupts on Hawaii's Big Island
The US Geological Survey (USGS) has downgraded the safety alert for Kilauea volcano in Hawaii,
following a new eruption. The alert level has been reduced from "WARNING" to "WATCH" as effusion
rates have declined and no infrastructure is threatened.The previous warning has been lowered to a
watch, as high effusion rates have decreased and no infrastructure is considered to be under threat.
Aviation warnings have shifted from red to orange also.
Cyclone Biparjoy
A cyclonic storm, named Biparjoy, has developed in the Arabian Sea. 'Biparioy' was suggested by
Bangladesh and the word means 'disaster' or 'calamity' in Bengali.
About Cyclones:
A cyclone is a low-pressure system that forms over warm waters. Usually a high temperature
anywhere means the existence of low-pressure air, and a low temperature means high-pressure wind.
LA Zoo to Partner with Bihar Govt & WTI for Gharial Conservation in Gandak
Los Angeles (LA) Zoo (California, the United States of America-USA) is set to partner with the
Government of Bihar and the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) for the conservation of Gharial (gavia), a
fish-eating crocodile in the Gandak River in West Champaran district, Bihar. The partnership aims to
strengthen the conservation efforts of the reptiles and release hatchlings back to the river safely.
Gharials are critically endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red
List of Species.
Earth Is Warming Faster Than Ever

Emissions Are at An All-Time High
These are the findings of a new report that I have published with 49 other scientists from around the
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world.We often hear about the use of fossil fuels , pollution , climate change , rising temperatures ,
natural disasters. However, there is not a lot of evidence that the countries of the world have taken
measures to prevent damage. A recent report reveals that the emission of dangerous green house
gases has reached its peak. Greenhouse gases released every year around the world are equal to 54
billion tons of carbon dioxide. 50 top scientists from around the world have conducted a
comprehensive study on Earth temperatures and jointly released a report. Human activities ,
emission of greenhouse gases , global warming and climate change are said to be the cause. He
warned that the earth, which has been habitable for life all these years, is gradually turning into a fire
pit. What else did the scientists say in their report?
♦ Land surface temperatures are now 1.14 degrees higher than in 1800.
♦ Temperature is increasing at a record rate of 0.2 degrees every ten years. If the situation continues
like this, global warming will not consume humanity.
♦ Temperatures are rising faster than in the past.
♦ Global surface temperature will increase by 2 degrees in the near future if fossil fuel consumption
continues as is. It is very dangerous.
♦ All nations of the world must work together to achieve the Paris Agreement target of keeping
temperatures below 1.5 degrees above the pre-industrial average. Strong measures should be taken
immediately like never before.
♦ Scientist Piers Foster said that if humanity is to escape from the threat of global warming, the
countries of the world should reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 60 percent by 2035.
World Air Quality Report - 2022

65 of the world's 100 most polluted cities are in India, according to the Swiss air quality technology
company IQ air. The organization has released the World Air Quality Report – 2022. It is noteworthy
that all the Indian cities in this list are in North India. The report revealed that India is ranked eighth
globally. Delhi is the fourth most polluted city and the second most polluted capital in the world.
Among the 20 most polluted places in the world, Bhiwandi in Maharashtra is ranked 3rd, Delhi is 4th,
Darbhanga is 6th, Asopur is 7th, New Delhi is 9th, Patna is 10th, Ghaziabad is 11th, Dharuhera is 12th,
Chhapra is 14th, Muzaffarnagar is 15th, Greater Noida is 17th, Bahadurgarh is 18th, 9 in Faridabad ,
Muzaffarpur is at 20th place.
Gracixalus patkaiensis: New Species of Green

Tree Frog Discovered from NTR, Arunachal Pradesh.A team of Indian and German scientists
discovered a new species of green tree frog named Gracixalus patkaiensis from the Namdapha Tiger
Reserve (NTR) in Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh.
• The suggested common name of the new species is "Patkai green tree frog".
• The frog is named after Patkai hills range, where the type locality of the new species lies within NTR.
• The discovery of the species is the first of its kind in India and the 6th new frog species discovered
from the NTR, one of the largest protected areas of Northeast India.
Cocoa bean shells into Biochar

A German factory in Hamburg has developed a process to convert cocoa bean shells into biochar, a
black powder that has the potential to counter climate change. The shells are heated in an oxygen-free
environment, which locks in greenhouse gases and produces biochar that can be used as a fertilizer or
as an ingredient in "green" concrete. Biochar has the ability to capture a significant amount of carbon
dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
Usage: Indian government has also been emphasizing 'biochar'. The example can be used in
Agriculture/Environment Questions.
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Campi Flegrei (Phlegraean Fields)
The Campi Flegrei (Phlegraean Fields) Supervolcano near Naples is in an "extremely dangerous"
state,
according to study co-author Stefano Carlino. The volcano last erupted in 1538 but is now at a greater
risk of rupture than ever. Local authorities have an established evacuation plan and risk levels are
reviewed monthly.
New Species of Sea Lettuce

Researchers discover 20 New Species of Sea Lettuce in the Baltic Sea Region
About Sea Lettuce:
Belonging to the genus Ulva, sea lettuce is a prominent species of green macroalgae, scattered widely
across the vast Baltic Sea region, stretching from the Atlantic waters to the Bay of Bothnia in the Baltic
Sea.
Significance:
Owing to its rapid growth and easy reproduction, sea lettuce has piqued the interest of the growing
aquaculture industry.
Research is ongoing both in Sweden and abroad for utilizing sea lettuce in the food industry and for
different biochemical applications.
Semeru Volcano
Indonesia's Semeru Volcano Erupts 12 Times in One Day; People Asked to Avoid Areas around
Summit
Hasarius mumbai: New Species of Jumping Spider found in Mumbai, Maharashtra

A new species of jumping spider named 'Hasarius mumbai' was recently discovered from the rocks
lying close to the streams at the Bombay Natural History Society's (BNHS) conservation education
centre (CEC) in Goregaon East, Mumbai (Maharashtra). The species is named after Mumbai, where it
was found. The 33-acre nature reserve, inhabit to the 'jumping spiders', is "one of the few pristine
mixed moist deciduous forest types in India" and shares its boundaries with the biodiverse
landscapes of Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) and Film City in Aarey Milk Colony (AMC) of
Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Peru declares emergency as Ubinas volcano spews ash

Peru's most active volcano has been spewing ash and gas since earlier this week, with the smoke
cloud traveling over nearby towns. The government declared a state of emergency that lasts 60 days.
Gucchi Mushroom
Gucchi mushroom hunters are facing distressing circumstances for the second consecutive year as a
result of unpredictable weather patterns, early springs, and above-average temperatures, leading to
another season of low yield. These mushrooms are sought after for their nutty, earthy flavour and are
notoriously difficult to find.
About Gucchi Mushroom:
The Guchhi mushroom is a species of fungus in the family Morchellacee of the Ascomycota. They are
pale yellow in colour with large pits and ridges on the surface of the cap, raised on a large white stem.
Dudhwa Tiger Reserve

Four tigers died within two months in the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh. India.
Dudhwa Tiger Reserve:
• The Dudhwa Tiger Reserve is a protected area in Uttar Pradesh located on the India-Nepal border.
• It stretches mainly across the Lakhimpur Kheri and Bahraich districts.
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• It is the only place in Uttar Pradesh where both Tigers and Rhinos can be spotted together.
• It is one of the finest examples of exceedingly diverse and productive Terai ecosystems.
Gujarat signed six MoUs with private industries for mangrove plantation under MISHTI
scheme
On 6th July 2023, The government of Gujarat signed an Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with
six industries for the mangrove plantation over 3000 hectares of land, under the MISHTI (Mangrove
Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes) scheme.
The objective of these agreements were to increase the mangrove plantation cover along the coastline
of Gujarat.
The 6 MoUs were signed with Digvijay Cement Limited, Nayara Energy Limited, RSPL Limited, Tata
Chemicals Society for Rural Development, Cairn Oil and Gas (Vedanta Limited) and Reliance
Industries Limited (RIL).
About MISHTI Scheme:
i.MISHTI Scheme initiated with an aim of increasing the Mangroves covering approximately 540 Sq.
Kms, spreading across11 States and 2 Union Territories within
2027-2028.
ii. The Centre will fund 80% of the project, while state governments will cover the remaining 20%.
iii.The MISHTI initiative aims to share best practices in plantation techniques, conservation measures,
management practises, and resource mobilisation through Public Private Partnership.
2,200 earthquakes in Iceland in 24 hours

Nearly 2,200 earthquakes have been recorded in the vicinity of Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland in the
past 24 hours. The country's meteorological office has warned that this seismic activity could be a
signal of an impending volcanic eruption. Iceland experiences frequent volcanic activity, due to its
location both on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary, and over a hot spot.
Nearly thirty volcanoes are known to have erupted in the Holocene epoch; these include Eldgá, the
source of the largest lava eruption in human history.
Change in colour of world's Ocean

A new study published in Nature reveals that climate change has caused a change in the colour of 56
per cent of the world's oceans.
The study found that waters in the tropics, particularly the southern Indian Ocean, have turned green.
Green-coloured water indicates an increase in phytoplankton, microscopic plant-like organisms that
are crucial for marine life and carbon dioxide absorption. Phytoplankton, which are microscopic
plant-like organisms that live in the ocean. Phytoplankton contains chlorophyll, a pigment that gives
them a green colour. The change in ocean colour is an indicator of alterations in the phytoplankton
communities.
A massive earthquake in the Alaska region registered 7.2 on the Richter scale
A huge earthquake occurred on the night of July 15 in the southern Alaska region of America. Its
intensity was recorded as 7.2 on the Richter scale. A tsunami warning was issued. The earthquake
affected the Aleutian Islands, the Alaska Peninsula, and the Cook Islands. In Kodiak, Alaska and Sirens
areas, people were evacuated to safe areas overnight in the wake of tsunami warnings.
On the other hand, the Alaska Volcano Observatory has warned that the Shishaldin volcano is likely to
erupt.
Typhoon Talim Disrupts Hong Kong

Talim made landfall in Zhanjiang city, located in Guangdong province. The South China Sea witnessed
the origin of Typhoon Talim, causing Hong Kong, Vietnam, and southern China to activate their
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disaster mitigation measures Hong Kong hoisted the Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal No 8,the third-
highest warning level first time this year.
Cicada species
A cicada species commonly found in several parts of South India has been identified as a new species
and named Purana cheeveeda (after its Malayalam name Cheeveedu).Previously, it was mistaken for
Purana tigrina, a species described in Malaysia in 1850. The Association for Advancement in
Entomology has corrected this long-standing error in taxonomic identification, distinguishing Purana
cheeveeda from the Malaysian species.
The era of global warming is over: UN chief Guterres

United Nations chief Antonio Guterres has requested the countries of the world to take immediate
action on climate change. He was reacting to record high temperatures in July. It has been commented
that the earth has crossed the era of global warming and entered the era of global boiling. It is said
that the land has reached a destructive state. The situation is dire and this is just the beginning, he
said. As scientists have been warning from before, environmental changes are taking place. The only
surprising thing in this is that the pace of environmental change is increasing. 'The air has become
unbreathable. Temperatures are getting unbearable. Guterres said that not taking action on the use of
fossil fuels and environmental changes is no longer acceptable. It is suggested that there should be no
more doubts, no excuses, and no waiting for others to start taking action. It has been clarified that
developed countries should achieve carbon neutrality by 2040 and present countries by 2050.
July is the hottest month on earth

The space agency (NASA) has revealed that the sun is burning all over the world in July this year and
sunburns are also recorded, and this month will be the hottest month on earth. Meteorologist Gavin
Smith revealed that this matter was determined by analyzing the data collected on a satellite basis by
the European Union and Maine University's weather tracking instruments. He said that high
temperatures have been recorded in Europe, China and America. Green house gases are the reason for
this. He warned that if all the countries of the world are not alert, there will be serious consequences
in the future.
600 Million year old river droplets found in Himalayas

• Scientists from the Indian Institute of Science (lISc) and Japan's Niigata University have made a
groundbreaking discovery by finding water droplets in rocks from the Himalayas.
• These water droplets are believed to be from an ancient ocean that existed around 600 million years
ago.
• This groundbreaking discovery provides new clues to unravel the mysteries surrounding the origin
of complex life on Earth.
Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary

Recently, the Goa bench the Bombay High Court instructed the Goa government to declare the Mhadei
Wildlife Sanctuary and other regions mentioned in the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
communications and plans prepared by the Goa forest department as a tiger reserve under the
Wildlife Protection Act within a period of three months.
Ludwigia peruviana
The invasive weed Ludwigia peruviana is threatening elephant habitats and foraging areas in
Valparai, Tamil Nadu.
About Ludwigia Peruviana:
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The Ludwigia peruviana, an aquatic plant with pale yellowish flowers, is causing significant
challenges in various swampy areas worldwide. Originally introduced as an ornamental plant for its
tiny yellow flowers in Tamil Nadu, it now grows rapidly, particularly in wetlands, due to the pre-
monsoon temperature and monsoon rains.
This fast growth is disrupting the balance of perennial foraging grounds, hindering the growth of
grass and native plants that elephants and other animals such as Gaur, relv on for food.
Flood threat with prolonged La Nina

Scientists have warned in a study published in the journal 'Nature' that if carbon emissions are not
curbed, global warming will increase and La Nina will continue for more years. A La Niña that lasts for
two or more years in a row can lead to increased flooding. It changes the course of cyclones and
monsoons. If El Nino brings heat, La Nina brings coolness. La Nina occurs after El Niño occurs for a
year. When carbon emissions are low, the chance of multiple La Niña years is 19 percent, and when
emissions are high, that chance increases to 33 percent. If La Nina continues for several years, the
intensity of storms will increase. Rainfall also changes. So scientists have called for an immediate halt
to climate change.
Project Tiger merges with Project Elephant

• Project Tiger and Project Elephant, two significant conservation initiatives in India, have been
merged under a new division called Project Tiger and Elephant Division' by the Union Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
• While the merger aims to rationalize funding and improve conservation by reducing overlap in
areas with both programs, the lack of funds and the confusion regarding fund division have raised
concerns among experts.
• Recently, the Prime Minister also commended the success of Project Tiger on its 50th anniversary.
All India Tiger Estimation 2022

On the occasion of Global Tiger Day (July 29), a detailed report on the All-India Tiger Estimation 2022
was released.
Highlights of the report:
• According to the Wildlife Institute of India's (WII) 5th quadrennial tiger census, India's tiger
population increased to 3,682 in 2022.
• The numbers in the report, revised from 3167 earlier, reflect a commendable annual growth rate of
6.1% per annum.
• The largest tiger population of 785 is in MP, followed by Karnataka (563) and Uttarakhand (560),
and Maharashtra (444).
• The tiger abundance within the Tiger Reserve is highest in Corbett (260), followed by Bandipur
(150), Nagarhole (141), Bandhavgarh (135), Dudhwa (135),
• Central India and the Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains witnessed a notable increase in tiger
population, while the Western Ghats experienced localised declines, necessitating targeted
monitoring and conservation efforts.
Jharkhand CM Launches Mobile App to Track Elephant Movement

On 28th July 2023, Jharkhand Chief Minister (CM) Hemant Soren launched Jharkhand elephant
Tracker, a mobile application-based elephant movement tracking system on the occasion of the 74th
Van Mahotsav in Ranchi to reduce human-elephant conflicts in Ranchi, Jharkhand.
• The mobile app will help villagers and the forest department of Jharkhand to track elephant
movements so that precautionary measures could be taken in advance.
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Bihar to Constitute 'Rhino Task Force' for Reintroduction Conservation Scheme
• The Bihar government to constitute 'Rhino Task Force' for suggesting measures for the
reintroduction of rhino conservation scheme in 'Valmiki Tiger Reserve' in West Champaran district.
• The state's wildlife authorities have observed a substantial increase in the tiger population in VTR,
prompting them to focus on reviving the rhino population in the region.
• Currently, there is only one rhino in VTR and 14 in Patna Zoo, but with the establishment of the
'Rhino Task Force', the authorities aim to bring back more rhino to the reserve.
Deepor Beel
Deepor Beel, a vital wetland in Guwahati, Assam, faces anthropogenic threats despite its protected
status. Indigenous names like
"beel" signify cultural and ecological connections, with local livelihoods intertwined with the
wetland's resources.
Efforts to sustainably coexist with the wetland include initiatives by local women who convert water
hyacinths into products, offering employment and improving the ecosvstem's health. Similarly.
"Kumbhi Kagaz" produces biodegradable paper from water hyacinths, enhancing the wetland's
condition and supporting alternative livelihoods.
Gujarat launches 'Sinh Suchna' app for tracking lions

• To celebrate World Lion Day, Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel of Gujarat introduced a new mobile
application called 'Sinh Suchna'.
• The launch event, held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, signifies a significant step towards modern wildlife
conservation, enabling both the state's forest department and the general public to effectively
monitor lion movements.
• The 'Sinh Suchna' app empowers individuals to directly report lion sightings to the forest
department. This innovative approach facilitates real-time tracking and swift conflict resolution.
Talpa hakkariensis and Talpa davidiana tatvanensis Scientists uncovered

have two previously undiscovered mole species, Talpa hakkariensis and Talpa davidiana tatvanensis,
believed to have inhabited the mountains of eastern Turkey for three million years. These
subterranean mammals are adept at surviving extreme weather conditions, enduring up to 6 feet of
snow in winter and temperatures reaching 122 degrees Fahrenheit in summer. The discovery is
exceptional, considering the rarity of finding new mammal species in today's world.
Katchatheevu Island (Tamil Nadu)

The island of Katchatheevu is a tiny uninhabited landmass located in the Palk Strait between India
and Sri Lanka. The island, which was ceded to Sri Lanka by the Indian government in 1974, has
sparked ongoing debates and protests in Tamil Nadu due to its historical and cultural significance, as
well as its impact on fishermen's livelihoods. Tamil Nadu continues to call for the retrieval of
Katchatheevu from Sri Lanka.
Dholpur-Karauli Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan, India's 54th, gets NTCA nod

India got its 54th tiger reserve in Rajasthan's Karauli and Dholpur districts with the National Tiger
Conservation Authority (NTCA) approving a proposal in this regard.
This is Rajasthan's fifth tiger reserve after Ranthambore, Sariska, Mukundra Hills and Ramgarh
Vishdhari.
The NTCA approved the proposal on August 4 and in-principal approval was cleared by the Union
ministry of environment, forest and climate change on August 22.
Meanwhile, in-principal approval has been granted to declare Kumbhalgarh in Rajasthan as a tiger
reserve. The proposed Kumbhalgarh reserve will be spread over around 2,800 sqkm.
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Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca, situated in the Andes on the border between Bolivia and Peru, is facing historic low
water levels, only 10 inches away from its all-time low recorded in 1996.
Climate change is identified as the primary cause of this decline, resulting in less rainfall and a
diminishing shoreline.
Lake Titicaca is one of South America's largest and most ancient lakes and the world's highest
navigable lake. It is the birthplace of the Incas. Its waters are famously still and brightly reflective.
Around it is Titicaca National Reserve, sheltering rare aquatic wildlife such as giant frogs.
124-year-old drought
35% already in current month...
66 percent deficit in Telangana
Effect of ‘El Nino’ on monsoons
Due to the delayed entry of Southwest Monsoon into the country, there was a rainfall deficit in June.
In July, the deficit was compensated by heavy rains. Again, no drizzle since the beginning of August.
Nagaratna, state director of the Meteorological Department, said that due to El Nino affecting the
course of the monsoons, the rain conditions have slowed down.
Drought has been felt in 289 districts across the country as there is not even a drop of rain even
during the rainy season. For the first time in the last 124 years, many states experienced a deficit of
more than 35 percent of the normal average rainfall in August. The highest national deficit was 40
percent in August 1899 and 31 percent in 1913, and weather experts predict that the same situation
will repeat itself once again. The weather department has already predicted that there will be no
heavy rains or severe storms in the next five days of this month. If the lack of rain continues like this,
there are indications that the deficit will cross 40 percent this month,’ they express concern.
New salamander species in the mountain lakes of Manipur

Indian and Russian scientists have identified a new species of salamander called Tylototriton zaimeng
in Manipur's mountain lakes.
Previously mistaken for similar species, the new discovery was made by merging molecular and
morphological evidence.
This salamander's characteristics were revealed to be distinct from its close relatives, featuring a
wide head, well-developed sagittal ridge, and unique colouration.
DNA tests confirmed its uniqueness and revealed its genetic relationship. The species is confined to
Manipur's Khongtheng mountain range and due to its limited distribution, scientists recommend its
inclusion as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, highlighting the need for conservation efforts.
Solution for Mitigating human-wildlife conflict

In Assam's Udalguri district, efforts are underway to secure a significant elephant habitat and reduce
human-elephant conflicts. This initiative involves planting 25,000 saplings of native tree species,
including Amla and bel, both crucial for elephants' diets. The project spans a 100-hectare habitat
within the Rowta Reserve Forest, situated in proximity to Bhutan's border.
The chosen tree species, such as gamhari, jamun, bhumura, arjun, elephant apple, and khair, are
studied to be essential components of elephants' diets.
Another typhoon in the Pacific Ocean, Haikway, made landfall in Taiwan

Another storm is creating waves in the Pacific Ocean. Typhoon Saula hit the southern coast of China
while Haikwe hit the eastern coast of Taiwan. Due to this, winds blew at a speed of 190 km. It rained
heavily. Thousands of people have already been moved to safer places by the authorities. Air, rail and
water transport services have been suspended.
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Storm shaking America, 'Idalia' hitting Florida
Hurricane Idalia is shaking America. The country is worried about the damage caused by it. This
storm recently hit the west coast of the state of Florida. Earlier, while the storm was gaining strength
in the Indus region of Mexico, the authorities advised the coastal residents to move to safer places.
Still reeling from Hurricane Ian, Florida is reeling from the damage Idalia will bring. Florida Governor
Ron DeSantis has warned people to be careful as Idalia is a very dangerous storm. Due to the impact
of the storm, the waves are breaking in some places on the coast.
The eighth continent is Zealandia

About 375 years later researchers discovered the new continent. Scientists recently confirmed the
existence of this continent, which came to light in 2017. New Zealand Crown Research Institute GNS
Science researchers in Auckland have released a new map of the continent. With this, a new Zealand
has joined the existing seven continents. With this, the total number of continents is likely to reach
eight. Researchers believe that Zealandia, part of the ancient supercontinent Gondwana, drifted apart
over time. The total area of this continent is 4.9 million square kilometers. It is six times the area of
Madagascar. Located 2 km deep in the Pacific Ocean, this continent is approximately 94 percent under
water. The rest of the region is like New Zealand with small islands. Dutch sailor Abel Tanman first
informed the world about Zealandia in 1642. But he could not submit proper evidence. After 375
years, GNS researchers confirmed the existence of Zeelandia. Tests were carried out on the rocks and
sediment samples available there and new things were brought to light. But scientists have not been
able to understand why this continent separated from Gondwana.
• It was originally a part of the land mass known as Pangea which formed around 55 million years
ago. Then broke up.
• In the South Pacific Ocean, it covers many parts of New Zealand and Australia along with New
Zealand. Everything else is the Pacific Ocean. It is smaller than Australia in size.
• Its age has recently been determined to be at least twice as old as previously thought by
geophysicists, i.e. about 100 million years.
• About 2.3 million years ago, the continent was almost completely submerged in the Pacific, i.e. 94
percent.
• The existence of such a continent was first proposed by Bruce Luyendyk in 1995. He named it
Zealandia.
Condemnation is confirmed as...
➢ Huge area, Zeelandia has an area of about 49 lakh square kilometers.
➢ The rocks collected from the sea near it were examined in depth.
➢ It is much smaller in area than the country of Australia. Most of it is submerged.
➢ Moreover, after examining several factors such as the thickness and density of the earth's surface
(crust), scientists have come to the conclusion that it has all the characteristics of a continent.
Google Introduces Android Earthquake Alerts System in India

Google has introduced its Android Earthquake Alerts System in India in collaboration with the
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the National Centre for Seismology (NCS), and
the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
• This partnership will aid in Central Government efforts in providing timely earthquake alerts and
safety information.
About Android Earthquake Alerts System:
i.Android users with devices running Android 5 or newer will receive the feature.
• To receive alerts, users must have Wi-Fi and/or cellular data connectivity, and both Android
Earthquake Alerts and location settings enabled.
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Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve: MP’s 7th Tiger Reserve unveiled in MP

The State Government of Madhya Pradesh (MP) has unveiled its 7th Tiger Reserve namely
'Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve' which is spread over an area of 2,339 square kilometres across
Sagar, Damoh and Narsinghpur districts of MP. Parts of it falls under the Narmada and Yamuna River
basins.
• The unveiling comes after the approval from the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
• The declaration of this Tiger Reserve is in accordance with the provisions of clause (¡i) of sub-
section (iv) of section 38V of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972).
Scientists Discover New Pangolin Species Named "Manis Mysteria"

Scientist has identified a new Pangolin species, tentatively named "Manis mysteria" through the
analysis of 27 scales confiscated in Hong Kong in 2012 and 2013. This new species becomes the 9th
pangolin species and the 5th Asian pangolin.
• The 8 extant species of pangolins, classified into three genera: Manis (Asia), Phataginus (Africa), and
Smutsia (Africa).
Batillipes kalami: New Marine Tardigrade

Species Found in TN, named after Former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Researchers from the
Department of Marine Biology of the Cochin University of Science and Technology (Cusat) in Cochin,
Kerala, have identified a new species of a marine tardigrade, "Batillipes kalami" from intertidal beach
sediments of the Mandapam coast in Ramanathapuram (southeast) Tamil Nadu (TN).
• The new species is named after Late Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the 11th President of India (2002-2007)
and an aerospace scientist, since the discovery was made close to his native place Rameswaram (TN).
• The research findings have been published in the 18 September 2023 issue of the scientific journal,
Zootaxa.
Morocco
A powerful earthquake struck Morocco, affecting areas including the Atlas Mountains and the historic
city of Marrakech. Earthquakes are relatively rare in North Africa, and this was described as the
strongest ever recorded in the mountain region.
Morocco lies along the boundary of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates.
Here the two massive plates interact. And their movements can result in seismic activity.
Morocco, a North African country bordering the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, is
distinguished by its Berber, Arabian and European cultural influences.
Ambergris
In French it means grey, amber. It is a waxy substance, also known as white gold, produced from the
digestive system of sperm whales.
Known as whale vomit, it combines a strong marine odour with faecal odour.
Fresh ambergris appears to be a fatty and light yellowish substance. However, over time it turns waxy
and red brownish, grey & black in color. In India, ambergris trade is banned.
India Has 150 Elephant corridors across four regions; West Bengal leads
According to the government, there are about 150 elephant corridors in India. It said that there are
such areas in 15 states. It has been revealed that West Bengal has the highest number of elephant
corridors. There are about 26 corridors in that state alone. The Union Environment Department has
released a report on this. According to a report given by the Center in 2010, there are 88 elephant
corridors in the country. Based on the survey conducted in 2017, it is known that there are 30
thousand elephants in India. It is remarkable that it is 60 percent of their population worldwide. It
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took two years to identify 150 elephant corridors. It seems that there are six transnational corridors
between India and Nepal.
Helmand River Dispute

• Afghanistan and Iran have a dispute over the Helmand Riverr.
• It is a critical source of drinking water, irrigation, and fishing for both countries.
• The two countries signed a treaty on sharing water resources in 1973.
• But it was never ratified, leaving the dispute unsettled.
• The treaty stipulates that Afghanistan must deliver water to Iran.
• The Helmand River Originates in the Afghan Hindu Kush Mountain range and flows across
Afghanistan.
• It spilts into the Shele harak River that forms the border between the Two countries, and the sistan
River which flows west ward into Iran.
Azerbaijan (Nagorno-Karabakh)
Azerbaijan launched a military operation in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region, resulting in
casualties and significant tensions. The region, recognized as part of Azerbaijan but controlled by
ethnic Armenians, has been a source of conflict for decades, with recent escalations in 2020 and 2023.
The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is an ethnic and territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan.
It centres on the Nagorno-Karabakh region, predominantly Armenian-populated but within
Azerbaijan's borders. A ceasefire mediated by Russia in 1994 left the region under Armenian control,
though it's still recognized as part of Azerbaijan. The area is now governed by separatist Armenians
and called the "Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast."
Hirakund Wetland
A study has revealed high levels of cancer-causing heavy metals, including lead and chromium, in
eight wetlands in Odisha, with Hirakud being one of them.
These heavy metals, which result from human activities such as urbanization, industrialization, and
agriculture, can enter crops through the soil and subsequently be consumed by humans.
The study also noted that the surrounding community indirectly consumes water from these
wetlands by consuming foods like fish, rice, vegetables, and spinach grown in them.
Kole Wetlands of Kerala

The Kole Wetlands of Kerala are facing threat from alien plants. Cabombafurcuta, commonly known
as pink bloom, due to its massive flowering.
It has been a new threat in addition to water hyacinth and Salvinia molest to the Kole wetlands.
BADIS LIMAAKUMI
•It is a new badis fish species discovered in Nagaland.
•They are predatory in nature, feeding on tiny freshwater invertebrates.
•It is locally known by many names, like "Tepdang" or "Akngashi (Chungli)"or "Aokngats (Mongsen)"
or "Sempi" etc.
Protosticta Armageddonia: Pune researchers found new Damselfly Species in Western Ghats,
Kerala
Researchers from MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) in Pune (Maharashtra) have discovered
Protosticta Armageddonia (Armageddon Reedtail), a new species of damselfly in the southern
Western Ghats of Kerala.
• They name "Armageddon" symbolizes the global crisis of habitat loss and climate change affecting
insect populations.
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• The discovery of the new species has been documented in the International Journal of Odonatology.
It has also been recorded and registered with the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Pune.
• This new species, with its ominous name, serves as a clear reminder of the ongoing ecological crisis
powered by uncontrolled habitat loss and climate change.
Epithemis wayanadensis: New Dragonfly Species Found in Wayanad

Researchers have discovered a new species of colourful dragonfly in Wayanad, Kerala. The new
species, also known as "Red-rumped Hawklet", is given the scientific nomenclature "Epithemis
wayanadensis". It is named after its habitat "the Wayanad plateau", situated among the biodiverse
Western Ghats.
• The discovery of the new species is published in the peer-reviewed, open-access journal, Journal of
Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, by the Elsevier Group.
IMD Issues Alert for Cyclone Tej to Mumbai

• The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a cautionary notice regarding a potential
cyclonic storm forming in the Arabian Sea. This impending weather event, likely to be named 'Cyclone
Tei, has the potential to impact Mumbai, Pune, and other regions of Maharashtra and the Konkan area.
• According to an IMD official, a cyclonic circulation has been observed over the southeast Arabian
Sea and the adjoining Lakshadweep region. However, the probability of this system intensifying into a
cyclonic storm is currently low.
• The IMD has issued a warning to fishermen in Maharashtra and South Gujarat, urging them to avoid
venturing into the sea until the situation becomes clearer.
This precautionary measure is essential to ensure the safety of those engaged in maritime activities.
Arunachal Cabinet Approves Formation of Special Tiger Protection Force For 3 Tiger Reserves
• The Arunachal Pradesh State Cabinet has given the green light for the establishment of a Special
Tiger Protection Force (STPF) for three tiger reserves, the allocation of honorariums to third language
teachers, the amendment of the state's industrial and investment policy, and the formulation of the
Arunachal Pradesh Home Guard Rules for 2023.
The state cabinet approved the formation of a Special Tiger Protection Force (STPF). This specialized
force will be responsible for safeguarding the three tiger reserves in the state, namely Namdapha,
Pakke, and Kamlang. This initiative aims to reduce poaching and illegal activities in the tiger reserves,
ultimately securing the future of these critically endangered big cats.
Bufoides Bhupathyi:
New Toad Species Discovered in the Dampa Tiger Reserve of Mizoram Researchers from India and
the United Kingdom have discovered a new toad species "Bufoides Bhupathyi" (Common name:
Mizoram rock toad) in the the Dampa Tiger Reserve (TR) of Mizoram.
• It is named after the S Bhupathy, a noted herpetologist who served as principal scientist at the
Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)-based Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON).
• The findings were published in Biodiversitas, a journal published in Indonesia.
• Bufoides Bhupathyi belongs to the 'Bufonidae' family and the genus 'bufoides. Both frogs and toads
belong to the order "Anura", which means "without a tail.
If temperatures go up by 2 degrees, it can cause a heart attack.

According to a report, North India and East Pakistan will face severe consequences when the global
temperature increases by 2 degrees Celsius. The issue is not being solved yet. Due to this, about 220
crore people are likely to face extreme heat. This article appeared in Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. People have been cautioned that extreme heat can result in sunstroke and heart
attacks, among other health complications. However. Even if the global temperature increases by 1
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degree Celsius compared to the present, hundreds of crores of people will have to face extreme heat
and high humidity every year. Thus, they cannot cool themselves down.
New Mushroom Species Discovered in Western Ghats

• Researchers at the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI) in
Kerala, India, have identified a new species of mushroom, named Candolleomyces albosquamosus,
found on the JNTBGRI campus in the Western Ghats.
• The new species belongs to the genus Candolleomyces, a small genus with only 35 recognized
species globally. The discovery was published in the scientific journal Phytotaxa by researchers C. K.
Pradeep and P. K. Nayana from INTBGRI's Microbiology Division.
Gudavi Bird Sanctuary (Karnataka)

Several birds, including spoonbills, herons, and black-headed ibis, have suddenly died at Gudavi Bird
Sanctuary in Sorab taluk (Shimoga District in Karnataka) Gudavi Bird Sanctuary is a tourist
destination in the Malenadu region of Karnataka (part of Soraba Taluk of Shivamogga district). It is
located on the Gudavi Lake banks. Shivamogga is also famous for Mandagadde Bird Sanctuary, and
Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, northwest of Shivamogga is Jog Falls.
Sporanaerobium hydrogeniformans:
An Anaerobic, Hydrogen-Producing Bacterium Found in Aravali Hot Spring, Maharashtra Scientists
under the Bioenergy Group at the Agharkar Research Institute (ARI) in Maharashtra, identified a New
Genus of anaerobic lignocellulose-degrading bacteria called Sporanaerobium hydrogen iformans in
the hot spring of Aravali, located in Ratnagiri district (Maharashtra). This bacteria has a remarkable
ability to produce hydrogen gas as a byproduct of its metabolic processes.
The hydrogen generated by these bacteria could be a source of clean and Renewable Energy. The
findings are published in the journal Archives of Microbiology.
Taeniogonalos dhritiae: A New Species of Wasp

Discovered in Kerala Scientists of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered a new species
of Taeniogonalos Schulz (wasp - a winged insect) named Taeniogonalos dhritiae, in the Western Ghat
Ranipuram Hills area of Kerala. The species is named after Dr Dhriti Banerjee, a noted entomologist
and the 1st Woman Director of ZSI.
• The new species Taeniogonalos dhritiae belongs to the genus Taeniogonalos, which is a genus of
wasps in the family Trigonalyidae.
• Trigonalyidae is a small family of Hymenoptera, a large order of insects, comprising sawflies, wasps,
bees, and ants.
Klyuchevskaya Sopka Volcano's Eruption in Kamchatka, Russia

• The highest active volcano in Eurasia, Klyuchevskaya Sopka, recently erupted on the Kamchatka
Peninsula in Russia, spewing a significant amount of ash into the air.
• This eruption marked the third time it erupted in the year 2023. While no injuries were reported,
authorities took precautionary measures by closing schools in two nearby towns.
• The eruption sent ash clouds soaring to a height of 13 kilometers (8 miles) above sea level.
Attenborough echidna
The Zaglossus attenboroughi, a long-beaked echidna named after David Attenborough and last seen in
1961, has been rediscovered in a remote region of Indonesia.
• This elusive creature, known for its nocturnal and reclusive nature, was found in the Cyclops
Mountains of Papua, Indonesia.
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• The discovery also revealed a tree-dwelling shrimp, a kind of honeyeater bird unseen since 2008,
and several previously unknown underground species.
Barda Wildlife Sanctuary Is Set to Become the Second Home For Asiatic Lions
• After Gir National Park and Sanctuary, the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary (BWLS) is set to become the
second home to Asiatic lions.
• The Gujarat Forest Department presented its proposal to make BWLS the second home to the lions
as part of "Proiect Lion @ 2047".
• Project Lion is an initiative launched by the Government of India in 2021 to conserve and protect
the Asiatic Lion and its habitat.
• The project aims to address the threats faced by the Asiatic lion population in India, which is found
only in the Gir National Park and Sanctuarv in Guiarat.
Nidirana Noadihing: New Frog Species Discovered in Arunachal

A new species of music frog 'Nidirana Noadihing' (Noa-Dihing music frog) was discovered near the
Namdapha Tiger Reserve in Gandhigram, Arunachal Pradesh.
• It was published in the November 15 edition of the Science journal Zootaxa.
• The new species was named after the Noa-Dihing River, which is near where the specimens were
discovered.
• The discovery of the Noa-Dihing music frog validates the presence of the genus Nidirana from India.
ICAR Researchers Discovered 2 New Seer Fish Species in Indian Waters

Researchers from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Central Marine Fisheries
Research Institute (CMFRI) have discovered two new species of seer fish: Scomberomorus avirostrus
(Arabian Sparrow seer fish) and Scomberomorus leopardus (Russell's Spotted Seer Fish) in Indian
Waters.
• This discovery brings the total number of seer fish species in Indian waters to 6 from the existing 4
species.
Awaous motla: A new Edible Fish Species Found in Odisha's Mahanadi River
Researchers have discovered a new species of edible fish named 'Awaous motla' in the Mahanadi
River near Sonepur, Subarnapur district and Boudh Bridge, Boudh district in Odisha. The fish was
named "motla" by the Fishermen of the Sonepur region.
• The new species was discovered as a part of the project undertaken by the Zoology Department of
Berhampur University of Odisha and Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Gopalpur (Odisha).
• The details on the new species were published in the Journal of Fish Biology, a leading international,
peer-reviewed journal, in October 2023.
No odd-even rule in Delhi for now as air quality improves.

Air pollution in Delhi is increasing day by day. In this context, the government announced the
implementation of an odd-even system. Parity model means… alternating traffic. That's what to say...
Private vehicles with registration plates ending in odd numbers (odd numbers) are allowed to travel
on odd days. Private vehicles with registration numbers ending in even numbers are allowed to
circulate on even days.
Scientists discovered a New Beetle Species 'Omorgus Khandesh' in India

Scientist Aparna Suresh Chandra Kalawate, working with Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Western
Regional Centre (WRC), Pune, Maharashtra, has discovered a new beetle species of Trogidae family
named "Omorgus Khandesh" in India. The beetle was found in the collections of WRC, Pune,
Maharashtra.
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New catfish species in Kerala
Scientists from India and Germany have discovered a new species of catfish in Kerala. The length of
the creature is only 32 millimetres. It has no eyes. It survives in groundwater. Scientists have
discovered this after six years of research on water in laterite rock layers. It has a genetic antagonism
compared to previously discovered species.
Scientific name - Horaglanis populi
2nd Batch of Cheetahs arrived in India

The second batch of cheetahs arrived in India on February 18, 2023. They were released by Madhya
Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan in the quarantine enclosures of Kuno National Park.
UNDP and the Ocean cleanup sign MoU eliminating Plastic pollution in oceans
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and The Ocean Cleanup signed a Memorandum
of Understanding (MoU) to collaborate on eliminating plastic pollution in oceans and rivers around
the globe.
The goal of the partnership is to reduce leakages of plastics into marine ecosystems by boosting
policies and behaviour change aimed at advancing sound plastic waste management systems and
reducing overall plastic pollution, and accelerating the deployment of interception technologies in
rivers to end marine plastic pollution.
State of Emergency in New Zealand after Cyclone Gabrielle

Cyclone Gabrielle hit the New Zealand coast and caused severe damage.
Heavy rains, floods, and landslides forced the New Zealand government to declare an emergency. It
was a Category 3 cyclone. PM of NZ announced a 7.3 million USD relief package. Winds reached a
speed of 140 km/hr. Auckland was badly hit.
Thwaites 'Doomsday Glacier' is melting faster than expected

The Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica, also known as the Doomsday Glacier, is melting in unexpected
ways that could lead to its rapid collapse, a new study has revealed.
Two teams of researchers have used an underwater robot and drilled deep holes into the Florida-
sized Thwaites Glacier to study its melting patterns in unprecedented detail.
The researchers from the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration discovered that while the
overall melting of ice is slower than expected, melting in cracks and crevasses and other vulnerable
areas is proceeding much more rapidly
Yaya Tso is proposed as the first biodiversity heritage site of Ladakh.

Yaya Tso, known as a bird sanctuary for the beautiful lake at an altitude of 4,820 metres, is proposed
to be Ladakh's first biodiversity heritage site (BHS). The Biodiversity Management Committee,
Chumatang Gram Panchayat, along with the Secure Himalaya Project, recently resolved to declare
Yaya Tso as the first BHS in Ladakh as per the Biodiversity Act.
SAVE WETLANDS CAMPAIGN

The "Save Wetlands Campaign" was introduced by the Union Minister for Environment, Forestry, and
Climate Change in Goa. This campaign is set up as a "whole of society" effort to conserve wetlands,
promoting positive social change at all societal levels and integrating all social classes.
ERUPTION OF SAKURAJIMA VOLCANO

A volcano on Sakurajima in Kagoshima Prefecture erupted Wednesday, with a local weather
observatory warning those within a 2-kilometer radius against pyroclastic flows and falling rocks.The
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eruption at the Showa crater, the first since April 2018, was observed at 10:52 a.m., with plumes
rising to 1,000 meters noted at 11:10 a.m., according to the Kagoshima Meteorological Office.
Keoladeo National Park

The Rajasthan Government has proposed to construct a zoo inside Keoladeo National Park, a World
Heritage Site popularly known as Bharatpur bird sanctuary, to display a range of wetland species.The
purpose of this zoo, called Wetland ex-situ Conservation Establishment (WESCE), is to display a range
of wetland species, including rhinos, water buffaloes, crocodiles, dolphins and exotic species.
East Epi Submarine Volcano

Vanuatu islands, located between Australia and Fiji, witnessed eruption of an active underwater
volcano East Epi Submarine Volcano on feb 1st, with visuals on social media showing huge fumes of
ash going up in the oceanic skyline.
Indonesia's Toba volcano ash mounds found in Medak

Ash mounds, believed to be from the ancient Toba Volcano in Indonesia, were discovered along
Haridra stream, a tributary of river Manjeera, at Hastalapur village in Narsapur here, by BV
Bhadragirish, a historian of the Kotha Telangana CharitraBrundam (KTCB).
The Toba volcano eruption is said to have happened some 75,000 years ago at Toba Lake in Sumatra
Islands in Indonesia. Historians say the ash spread over thousands of kilometres and has travelled to
different parts of the globe along with the water current and piled up as mounds.
Phintella dhritiae & Phintella platnicki: ZSI team discovered 2 New Spider
Species in Karnataka & TN Researchers of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered 2 new
species of jumping spiders from southern India, namely, Phintella dhritiae from Mookambika Wildlife
Sanctuary in Karnataka and Phintella platnicki from Salem district of Tamil Nadu (TN).
The name 'Phintella dhritiae' has been given in honour of Dr Dhriti Banerjee, the first woman Director
of the ZSI
The name 'Phintella platnicki' has been given in honour of the late Dr Norman Platnick for his
contribution to the field of arachnology.
Mocha as a very severe storm... High alert in Bengal

Cyclone Mocha has now become a severe cyclone. The typhoon will have an impact on the Bay of
Bengal coast. NDRF troops along with 200 rescue personnel are present in Bengal. NDRP Second
Battalion Commandant Gurminder Singh said that another 100 rescuers are on standby. The Indian
Coast Guard is also on high alert in the coastal region of Bengal. Cyclone Mocha, a powerful tropical
storm, has garnered significant attention due to its potential impact on Bangladesh, Myanmar, and
parts of north-eastern India.
Fuego Volcanic eruption

Recently, Guatemalan authorities evacuated over a thousand people and closed a road as the Fuego
volcano erupted, sending thick clouds of ash over nearby towns and farms.
Ban diesel vehicles- Key report to centre

In order to focus on clean energy, the Energy Transition Advisory Committee of the Oil Ministry has
suggested to the Union government to ban diesel-powered four-wheelers in the country by 2027. This
committee has made several recommendations to the government on measures to be taken to
prevent vehicular pollution in the country. By 2027, cities with a population of more than 10 lakhs
and highly polluted towns should have only electric and gas vehicles. It has been stated that diesel
buses will not be allowed from 2024 and all city buses should be electric by 2030.
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It suggested that subsidies should be continued to encourage the use of electric vehicles. It is stated
that the cargo will be mostly dependent on trains and gas trucks and the entire railway network will
be run on electricity in the next two to three years. Meanwhile, this committee also suggested to the
Center that India should focus on underground gas storage.
New Lithium deposits discovered in Rajasthan after J-K

Lithium reserves have been discovered in Rajasthan's Degana following the recent discovery in
Jammu and Kashmir's Reasi. The newly discovered reserves in Degana are believed to be larger than
those found in Jammu and Kashmir and officials claim that they could meet up to 80% of India's
demand for lithium. This is the first time that lithium reserves have been found in Degana.
Popocatepet volcano in Mexico spews lava and ash in series of eruptions

Mexico's National Centre for Prevention of Disasters registered eight moderate and five minor
expulsions by the Popocatepetl volcano near Mexico City. Ash also fell in the nearby cities of Puebla
and Atlixco, they reported.
Move those cheetahs to Rajasthan: Supreme

The Supreme Court directed the Center to act apolitical in the conservation of cheetahs and move
them to Rajasthan. The bench said on Thursday that the death of three of the 20 cheetahs brought to
Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh from Namibia and South Africa within two months was
considered serious. The court made these comments in the context of experts' argument that the area
of Kuno Park is not enough for the habitat of cheetahs.
"Meri LiFE" (My Life) mobile application

In a significant stride towards combating climate change and promoting sustainable living, the
government of India has launched the "Meri LiFE" (My Life) mobile application. Inspired by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi's Mission LiFE. this groundbreaking app aims to empower young people and
encourage their active participation in addressing environmental challenges.
Hemidactylus pakkamalaiensis: New Gecko Species identified in Pakkamalai hills, Tamil Nadu
A team of researchers led by V. Deepak, a herpetologist and scientist at the University of
Wolverhampton, United Kingdom (UK), has discovered a new species of rock-dwelling large-bodied
gecko named as Hemidactylus pakkamalaiensis (H.pakkam alaiensis) from the Pakkamalai hills,
Gingee Hill range (southern Eastern Ghats) in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu(TN).
The new species, which belongs to the genus Hemidactylus, is named after the Pakkamalai hills where
it was recorded. The findings have been published in the latest issue of an international journal,
Vertebrate Zoology.
Miniopetrus Srini: New Bat Species discovered in Karnataka

Dr Bhargavi Srinivasulu, zoologist from Osmania University (OU) (Hyderabad, Telangana), along with
her son, Aditya Srinivasulu, discovered a new species of bat named "Miniopetrus Srinii" or Srini's
Bent-winged Bat, from a subterranean cave (in Western Ghats) at Makuta in Kodagu district of
Karnataka.
Saving Olive Ridley Turtles

The documentary "Give Me A Little Land- A Loving Shore for The Sea Turtle," produced by Kerala
State Biodiversity Board, sheds light on the efforts of villagers along Kerala's beaches in protecting
Olive Ridley turtles from extinction. The documentary emphasizes the transformation of local
villagers who were once involved in poaching turtle eggs but have now become protectors of the
turtles. Collaborative efforts by the Forest Department, naturalists, and environmental enthusiasts
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have raised awareness among residents about the importance of conservation. Villagers now await
the turtles' arrival, ensuring their safety and transferring the eggs to protected hatcheries.
WMO Approves Global Tracker for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The World Meteorological Congress has made a groundbreaking decision to approve a new
greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring initiative, according to the World Meteorological Organization
(WMO). This initiative aims to support urgent action in reducing heat-trapping gases that contribute
to rising global temperatures. The newly established Global Greenhouse Gas Watch will address
critical information gaps, integrating various observing systems, modeling capabilities, and data
assimilation under one comprehensive framework. The unanimous support from WMO's 193
members highlights the growing importance of greenhouse gas monitoring and the need to
strengthen the scientific foundation for climate change mitigation efforts.
A new species of creature... has flown to Mizoram!

Scientists have identified the lowest-flying lizard in Mizoram for the first time in India. This tree-
dwelling gecko is named ' Gecko mizo ramensis '. Jumping from one tree to another tree in a single
leap is its specialty. 20 cm the last part of the tail is curved upwards to enable this long creature to
jump. Their DNA is 21 percent different. This is truly a new species, ' said researchers from Max
Planck Institute of Biology, Mizoram University, Germany. The people of Mizoram hunt them as they
are very expensive.
' Mission Life ' for tomorrow's generation, BEE Secretary Milind Dewar
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Secretary Milind Dewar said the Union Ministry of Power and
Environment has set a target of making 80% of villages and urban local bodies in the country eco-
friendly by 2028. He spoke in a webinar held with Designated Agencies (NDAs) of all states. He said
that on the occasion of Environment Day, targets have been set for the NDAs to widely promote the
BEE Mission Life (Lifestyle for the Environment) slogan led by the Union Ministry of Power till June 5.
He said that an action plan is being prepared for the management of awareness activities in 7
categories such as electricity saving , water conservation , single use plastic , food system , cleanliness
, healthy lifestyle and e-waste reduction. A. Chandrasekhara Reddy, CEO of AP State Energy
Conservation Mission (APSECM), which has been selected as the nodal agency, has been advised to
create awareness about electricity efficiency and electricity conservation measures through energy
club with students , apart from households and agriculture sectors . He asked them to consider the
Lightlen Life movement for future generations , management program for farmers , demand side
management for municipalities , electric vehicle promotion for people , training programs for retailers
for appliance retailers. For this, an app and portal called ' Mary Life ' has been created, where the
NDAs want to register the details of their activities.
The ozone treaty that saved the Arctic ice

Scientists claim that the 1987 Montreal Treaty to protect the ozone layer in the Earth's atmosphere
has postponed the consequences in the Arctic region for at least a few years. Every member state of
the United Nations has ratified the Montreal Convention. It aims to control about 100 synthetic
chemicals that deplete the ozone. Chemicals that deplete the ozone layer are known as ozone
depleting substances (ODS). They are used in cooling machines and fuels. Avoiding 1,000 tons of ODS
would save seven square kilometers of Arctic sea ice, scientists explained. In this calculation, they
used climate model simulations to analyze when the first ice-free summer season would occur in the
Arctic. It was initially estimated that it would happen by the middle of this century , but the
implementation of the agreement has been postponed for at least 15 years.
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A new species of flora from Arunachal Pradesh
Researchers have discovered a new plant species in Arunachal Pradesh. It was named ' Myozine
arunachalensis '. It saw light in the Adi Hills of this state. Scientists claim that it is a subspecies of the
genus Myozine. It is explained that this tree is the largest in that species.
The new plant species is named Karuppusamy

A new species of Impatiens has been discovered in the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in
Tamil Nadu. They are found only in the Agastyamalai region of the Southern Western Ghats. S. who
worked on the classification of South Indian angiosperms. They are named Impatiens Karuppusami
after Karuppusami.
India aims to reduce emissions intensity by 45% by 2030

Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that his government is aiming to reduce India’s emissions
by 45 per cent by 2030. We have also decided to increase the share of non-fossil fuel to 50 per cent.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the COP28 World Climate Summit in Dubai, United
Arab Emirates. Speaking at a high-level conference of heads of state on the occasion, the Prime
Minister made key proposals. It is proposed to host cop 33 summit in India in 2028. "India has a
wonderful balance between development and environmental protection. This has shown the world.
The level of carbon emissions in India is very low compared to the least populous countries.
India's population is 17 per cent of the world's population. But our country's share of carbon
emissions is only 4 per cent," modi said.
India's emissions are half of the world average

Even if India's average increases by 5% in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2022, it will be less than
half of the global average, according to the 'Global Carbon Project', a team of international scientists.
The latest report was released on Tuesday in the wake of the COP28 summit on climate change being
held in Dubai. According to the report, the average CO2 emission per citizen in the United States is
14.9 tonnes. This is the highest in the world. It is followed by Russia (11.4), Japan (8.5), China (8) and
the European Union (6.2 tonnes). The worldwide average is 4.7 tonnes. In India it is 2 tonnes. Since
the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the United States has been at the forefront of co2. Between
1850 and 2022, CO2 from the United States was 115 gigatonnes. This is 24% of the total global
emissions. 15 Giga tonnes was released from India. This is only three per cent of the world. By 2022,
India (8 per cent) will be next only to China (31 per cent) and the US (14 per cent) in the world. Coal
accounts for 9.5% of India's carbon emissions, while cement accounts for 8.8%. It is estimated that by
the end of this year, 36.8 billion tonnes of CO2 will be released from the world. The main focus of the
COP summit is on reducing emissions by 43% by 2030.
Cyclones are known by many names in different parts of the world.

Area - Name of the storm
Caribbean Sea - Hurricanes
China Sea - Typhoons
Japan - Taipu
USA - Tornadoes
Indian Ocean - Tropical Cyclone
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Northern Australia - Willy Willy
Philippines - Baguio
Madhya Pradesh: 10,000-year-old rock painting found in Satpura Tiger Reserve

In a key archaeological finding, the forest department of Satpura Tiger Reserve has hit upon a rock
painting dating back 10,000 years in Madhya Pradesh's Narmadapuram. According to officials, the
department stumbled upon the painting as it was engaged in surveying the number of wild animals in
the Reserve. During the counting, the forest guards discovered the rock painting on a hill in Churna.
Demaorchestia Alanensis: New Marine Amphipod Discovered in Chilika Lake

Researchers from Berhampur University, Odisha have discovered a new species of marine amphipod
in the Odisha's Chilika lake on east coast of India.
• The new species is given the scientific nomenclature 'Demaorchestia alanensis' after Professor Alan
Myers who made a significant contribution to global marine amphipod studies.
• The discovery of the specie was published in online edition of journal 'Zootaxa'.
The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, the highest altitude in India, hosted a Siberian
tiger until 2007.
Lara and Akamas arrived there in two special ambulances from the Kolkata airport. They were flown
from Cyprus as a part of an animal exchange programme.
Iceland volcano erupts.

A volcano has erupted in southwestern Iceland, sending a flash of light into the evening sky and
spewing semi-molten rock into the air in a spectacular show of Earth's power in the land known for
fire and ice.
The eruption appears to have occurred about 4 kilometers (2.4 miles) from the town of Grindavik, the
Icelandic Meteorological Office said. The town near Iceland's main airport was evacuated in
November after strong seismic activity damaged homes and raised fears of an imminent eruption.
Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary

A tiger has been spotted at a record-high elevation of 3,640 meters in the Pangolakha Wildlife
Sanctuary in Sikkim. This marks the highest elevation in India where tigers have been observed,
surpassing the previous record of 3,630 meters in Arunachal Pradesh.
Unnatural causes claim more than 490 wild elephant lives in five years.
India has nearly 30,000 wild elephants. Unfortunately, we lost more than 490 wild elephants due to
unnatural causes in the last five years. Electrocution and collisions with trains were the main causes
of these fatalities.
The recent capacity-building workshop on ‘Minimising elephant mortalities on railway track’ for the
officials of Indian Railways, at the Dehardun-based Wildlife Institute of India (WII), highlighted the
fact that India has lost 494 elephants to train-hit incidents, electrocution, poaching, and poisoning
over the past five years.
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Referring to a 2017 estimate of the number of wild elephants in the country, Ashwini Kumar Choubey,
Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, informed Lok Sabha recently
that India had 29,964 wild elephants.
Pantoea Tagorei: Visva-Bharati Researchers Named New Bacteria after Rabindranath Tagore
The researchers from Visva-Bharati University in Santiniketan, West Bengal(WB) have discovered a
new species of 'good' bacteria with unique properties beneficial for plant growth.
• The new species is named "Pantoea Tagorei", after Rabindranath Tagore, who won the 1913 Nobel
Prize in Literature.
• This is the 1st time any living thing has been named after Tagore.
• The discovery has been published in the Indian Journal of Microbiology.
Pantoea Tagorei:
i.The new species was discovered from soil samples collected in the Jharia coal mines of Jharia in
Jharkhand.
ii. The new species solubilizes Potassium (K) and Phosphorus (P) and replenishes Nitrogen (N).
Note: Rabindranath Tagore was the 1st non-European to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Increased intensity of cyclones in Asia

The number of people affected by cyclones in tropical countries has more than doubled to 800 million
in 2019 compared to 2002, according to researchers from Stanford University in the US. During that
period, 117 countries were exposed to tropical cyclones. Cyclones are causing much more damage in
Asia compared to other parts of the world. In the early 2000s, children under the age of five suffered
the most from cyclones, but now it is the turn of those over the age of 60. The socially and
economically backward classes, as well as low-income and middle-income countries, are naturally the
most vulnerable. Tropical cyclones are becoming more intense due to climate change. Every year, 6 to
12 per cent of the world's population is affected.
Neora Valley National Park

A recent image captured by trap cameras in the Neora Valley. National Park in the hills of West Bengal
has confirmed the presence of Royal Bengal Tigers at an altitude of 10,509 feet above sea level.
The survey indicates the presence of more than 10 tigers in the area, with recent camera trap images
consistently featuring at least one Royal Bengal Tiger.
Nandankanan Zoological Park (NZP) (Odisha)

The Central Zoo Authority (CZA) has approved the transfer of a cheetah, African lion, and Chimpanzee
from Dubai Safari Park to Nandankanan Zoological Park (NZP) in Odisha.
The NZin exchange will provide various animals including Hippopotamus blackbuck, hog deer, gaur,
red junglefowl, and gharial.
Chinese scientists have warned that glaciers at the third pole are breaking through the
embankments.
hinese scientists have warned that glaciers at the third pole are breaking the embankments and
breaking into space. The tibet plateau, which is constantly covered with snow, and its surrounding
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Himalayas, and the Hindu Kush Tianshan mountains, are combined to form the third pole. China,
Tibet, India, Pakistan, Nepal and Kazakhstan fall under the third pole. Glaciers in the region are
melting and new reservoirs are being formed as global warming is on the rise. They are breaking the
embankments and flooding and flooding the lower areas. Between 1981 and 1990, such glacier floods
occurred at the rate of 1.5 per annum, which increased to 2.7 per annum in 2011-2020. Over the past
three decades, more than 10,000 glaciers have melted on the third pole to form thousands of new
reservoirs. Chinese scientists have warned that 1,499 glaciers are at risk of causing flooding. This
threatens 55,808 buildings, 105 existing and proposed hydro-power stations, 194 square kilometres
of cultivable land, 5,005 km of roads and 4,038 bridges in the third polar region. Chinese scientists
have suggested that regional cooperation is needed to deal with this outbreak.
30

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Praveen Sir’s CURRENT AFFAIRS – 2023

Geography Related Issues

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