ADIONG MEMORIAL POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE

Ditsaan Ramain, Lanao del Sur

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
First Semester, Academic Year 2022-2023

GEC 103: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Instructor: LUIS SIDDICK F. ADIONG, MAED

MODULE 13
CHAPTER 4: THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM:
GLOBALISM and GLOBALIZATION

A. Overview of the Topic

As we end the semester, Module 13 shall end our journey in the Contemporary World by
looking into the ideology behind Globalization------- GLOBALISM.

B. Topic Objectives
At the end of topic, the students are expected to be able to understand the concept and
relationship of Globalism and Globalization.

C. Discussion

Ideology- a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or
political theory and policy.

What is globalization vs globalism?

Globalism is an ideology based on the belief that people, information, and goods should
be able to cross national borders unrestricted, while globalization is the spread of technology,
products, information, and jobs across nations.

Topic 1: GLOBALISM VS. GLOBALIZATION

What is Globalism
Globalism is a broad term we can generally define as an ideological commitment in
favour of globalization. It’s a view that considers globalization as entirely positive. Moreover,
the ideology of globalism is based on the belief that people, information, and goods should be
able to cross national borders unrestricted. It places the interests of the entire globe above the
interests of individual nations. Globalism can also refer to a socio-economic system that is
dedicated to free trade and free access to markets.

Globalism refers to various patterns of meaning beyond the merely international. It is

used by political scientists, such as Joseph Nye, to describe "attempts to understand all the
interconnections of the modern world—and to highlight patterns that underlie (and explain)
them." While primarily associated with world-systems, it can be used to describe other global
trends. The concept of globalism is also classically used to distinguish the ideologies of
globalization (the subjective meanings) from the processes of globalization (the objective
practices). In this sense, globalism is to globalization what nationalism is to nationality.

The term first came into widespread usage in the United States. The modern concept of
globalism arose in the post-war debates of the 1940s in the United States. In their position of
unprecedented power, planners formulated policies to shape the kind of postwar world they
wanted, which in economic terms meant a globe-spanning capitalist order centered exclusively
upon the United States. This was the period when its global power was at its peak: the United
States was the greatest economic power the world had ever known, with the greatest military
machine in human history. In February 1948, George F. Kennan's Policy Planning Staff said:
"[W]e have about 50% of the world's wealth but only 6.3% of its population. ... Our real task in
the coming period is to devise a pattern of relationships which will permit us to maintain this
position of disparity." America's allies and foes in Eurasia were still recovering from World War
II at this time. Historian James Peck has described this version of globalism as "visionary

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This module is intended for classroom use only in AMSC.
 ADIONG MEMORIAL POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
Ditsaan Ramain, Lanao del Sur

globalism". Per Peck, this was a far-reaching conception of "American-centric state globalism
using capitalism as a key to its global reach, integrating everything that it can into such an
undertaking". This included global economic integration, which had collapsed under World War
I and the Great Depression.

Modern globalism has been linked to the ideas of economic and political integration of
countries and economies. The first person in the United States to use the term "economic
integration" in its modern sense, such as combining separate economies into larger economic
regions, was John S. de Beers, an economist in the United States Department of the Treasury,
towards the end of 1941. By 1948, economic integration was appearing in an increasing number
of American documents and speeches. Paul G. Hoffman, then head of the Economic Cooperation
Administration, used the term in a 1949 speech to the Organisation for European Economic Co-
operation
Some argue that globalization as a phenomenon began with the earliest human migratory
routes, or with Genghis Khan's invasions, or travel across the Silk Road. Conquering empires
throughout history resulted in the sharing of ideas, mixing of cultures and people, and trade
across those conquered lands.
Globalism emerged as a dominant set of ideologies in the late twentieth century. As these
ideologies settled, and as various processes of globalization intensified, they contributed to the
consolidation of a connecting global imaginary. In 2010, Manfred Steger and Paul James
theorized this process in terms of four levels of change: changing ideas, ideologies, imaginaries
and ontologies. Globalism has been seen as a pillar of a liberal international order along with
democratic governance, open trade, and international institutions. At Brookings Institution,
David G. Victor has suggested cooperation in carbon capture and storage technology could be a
future element of globalism, as part of global efforts against climate change.

What is Globalization

We can simply define globalization as the spread of technology, products, information,

and jobs across nations. Globalization is a multidimensional economic and social process that
began in the late 1970s. It involves a variety of interlinked economic, social, communicational,
political, and environmental phenomena. Moreover, globalization is characterized by the
interconnection of local private and public markets in one global arena, with respect to globally
accepted rules and regulations.

The phenomenon of globalization results in the advent of open markets, reduction of

traffic, the beginning of free trade economies through non-tariff trade borders, and the
development of infrastructure and transportation. In addition, globalization leads to interaction
among various populations, greater exchange of values and ideas among various cultures and
creates a trend toward the development of single world culture. We can also describe
globalization as composed of internationalization and localization.

To summarize, Globalism is the ideology behind Globalization. Globalism serves as the

idea behind the process of Globalization, that describes what we call the Contemporary World.

D. Summary of Learnings/ Reflection (It is encouraged that you use your own ideas and

words for this activity 😊) (at least 150 words) (20pts)

Reference: Aldam, P. K. R. (2018). The Contemporary World (1st ed.) Rex Bookstore: Manila
Philippines, Philippines.

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This module is intended for classroom use only in AMSC.