Biohistory Emaki 1/2

birth of human beings

Cainozoic

Extinction
1 of
dinosaurs

Modern life

common 3
ancestor of

present day

animals
mammals

fungi
hundred million
mammals
angiosperms

land plants (Argentina)

ago
(China)
gymnosperms

protists
insects (England)

1 years

plants
pteridophytes
bryophytes

seaweeds (China)

eubacteria
chordates

sponges (Namibia)

archaea
traces of eukaryotes and algae (Canada)
sponges (metazoa)
chytrids (primitive fungi)

colonial organisms (Gabon)

multicellular algae (USA)
common ancestor of metazoa and fungi
common ancestor of plants

5
common ancestor of protists
eukaryotes prokaryotes

10
1 hundred million
years ago 5 10 20 30 38

Time of the oldest fossils found

present day beginning of life

biogenic substance (Greenland)

microfossils (Canada)

20
Estimated age of the first appearance archaea protists fungi
by DNA study eubacteria plants animals

30
side │History of evolution of life viewed from DNA and fossils

beginning of life
Comparing DNA sequences between species tells changes in DNA accumulated

38
after the two species were divided. These changes estimate the age when
these species arose. This method calculates the age older than when they really
appeared, because it shows the time when they were first divided. Fossils tell
us the shape and the living age of ancient lives. Combination DNA and fossils
estimates the age of old life more accurate.
references : Bioinformatics vol.22 2971-2972(2006) 5
TIMETREE http://www.timetree.org

back │Genome size and body size

Genomes contain many genes, however, genome size does not
depend on the number of genes but the size of regions without
genes. The relationships between the organisms and their
genome size remain an open question. The animals which have
the largest genomes are lungfishes, familiar at the BRH, and the
organisms which have largest bodies are surprisingly fungi. The
beginning

fungus covering the Oregon Mountain was found an individual

of life

organism by its DNA analysis.

references : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largest_organisms
eukaryotes
 Biohistory Emaki 2/2

gigantic meteorite

Mesozoic
6

landing life of the Cretaceous

7 life of the Devonian

Paleozoic

Cambrian
explosion

life of the Cambrian

8

multicellularity
Proterozoic

birth of
eukaryotes

genome size
(million base pairs) 0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

archaea
eubacteria
algae
land plants
fungi
mollusks
insects
teleosts
amphibians
birds
mammals

body size（mm） 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10,000 1,000,000 100,000,000

genome size and body size