(ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)

SUBMITTED TO: MR. TAIMOOR DURRANI

SUBMITTED BY: SHAH MEHBOOB1,

NASIR KHAN2, SANGEEN KHAN3,FARZAN4,

ARBAB NASIR.M5, M. AKMAL6, R.BEHRAM7,

DANIYAL.S8, MARYAM.Z9, SAMIULLAH10

SUBJECT: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

EMS (GROUP-3)

DEPARTMENT: E.V.S 8thSEMESTER

DATE: 01/07/2024

…BUITEMS QUETTA…
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SERIAL NO: TOPIC PAGE NO.
1 Introduction 3
2 Key components 3-10
3 SWM at Buitems 11
4 Single Dustbin at University 11
5 SWM cycle at Buitems 14
6 Effects of Open dumping 14
7 Goals & Objectives 15
8 Solutions & Treatment method 17
9 References 18
 An Environmental Management system of BUITEMS
Solid Waste Management System

INTRODUCTION:

EMS :
An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a structured framework implemented by
organizations to manage their environmental impact effectively. It involves the development
and implementation of policies, procedures, practices, and objectives aimed at identifying,
monitoring, controlling, and improving the environmental performance of an organization.

Key components of an Environmental Management System (EMS)

typically include:
1) Legal & Other Requirements

2) Environmental Aspects Related Operations & Activities

3) Environmental Policy

4) Roles & Responsibilities

5) Objectives & Targets

6) Environmental Management Program

7) Operational Controls

8) Monitoring & Measurement Needs

9) Initial Employee Awareness

10) Prepare EMS Documentation

11) Internal (EMS) Audit

12) Conduct Management Review

1. Legal & Other Requirements:

 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997.

 Section 11 of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act prohibits discharge of waste in
an amount or concentration that violates the National Environmental Quality Standards
(NEQS).
 Hazardous Substances Rules of 1999.
 Guidelines for Hospital Waste Management since 1998 prepared by the Environmental
Health Unit of the Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan.
 Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005.
 Hazardous Substances Rules 2003.
 National Environment Quality Standards Rules.
 Islamabad Capital Territory Bye Laws, 1968 by Capital Development Authority
Islamabad.
 Section 132 of the Cantonment Act 1924 deals with Deposits and disposal of rubbish etc.
 There is also Prime Minister’s committee on Climate Change which was established to
ensure that Pakistan fulfills requirements of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
under the Kyoto Protocol. This committee has a sub-divisional level technical committee
on Waste Management.
 In 1994 Pakistan joined Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements
of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal. The Convention aims at enabling the member
countries to initiate “environmentally-sound management” (ESM), the purpose of which
is to protect human health and the environment by minimizing hazardous waste
production.
 The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 Section 12 directs that an Initial
Environmental Examination (IEE), and wherever the project is likely to cause an adverse
environmental effect, an environmental impact assessment be filed with the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for review and approval before the initiation of
construction at site.
 Currently the World Bank is supporting the Urban Unit of Government of Punjab
responsible for reforming the solid waste management practices in the Province.
Legal requirements and necessary measures were not taken into consideration at Buitems
University and the following improvements were required as identified by us:
 Open dumping
 Air pollution
 Soil pollution
  Burning of waste

2. Environmental Aspects Related to Operations & Activities:

In this step we identified the environmental aspects associated with solid waste
management in University.The negative impacts of such practices include:
 Land Pollution
 Emission Of Methane
 Hazardous Waste

3. Environmental Policy:
Due to lack of awareness and resources the institute do not managing its
environmental obligations effectively.
Therefore a environmental policy for solid waste management at a university is based
on a statement that outlines the institution's commitment to managing solid waste in
an environmentally responsible manner. It provides a framework for setting goals,
implementing practices, and continuously improving waste management efforts
throughout the campus.
 Policy Statement:
To promoting sustainable waste management practices and reducing the
environmental impact of solid waste generated on campus. Recognize our
responsibility to minimize waste generation, maximize resource recovery, and
minimize waste disposal to protect the environment and foster a culture of
sustainability within the university community.
 Compliance:
comply with all relevant waste management regulations and legal requirements at the
local, regional, and national levels. strive to exceed these requirements whenever
possible by adopting best practices, utilizing innovative technologies, and seeking
continuous improvement in waste management practices.
 Waste Reduction and Minimization:
committed to actively reducing waste generation and promoting waste minimization
initiatives on campus. This includes implementing waste prevention measures,
promoting reuse and recycling programs, and encouraging sustainable consumption
habits among students, faculty, and staff. regularly assess waste generation patterns
and develop strategies to reduce waste at its source.
 Recycling and Resource Recovery:
prioritize recycling and resource recovery efforts by implementing comprehensive
recycling programs across campus. This includes establishing recycling stations,
providing clear guidelines for waste segregation, and ensuring proper collection,
sorting, and processing of recyclable materials. actively seek partnerships with
 recycling facilities and engage the university community to increase recycling rates
and promote the use of recycled materials.

 Waste Disposal:
When waste disposal is necessary, to ensure that it is conducted in an environmentally
responsible manner. adhere to proper waste disposal regulations and guidelines,
including the proper handling and disposal of hazardous materials. work to minimize
the amount of waste sent to landfills and explore alternative waste-to-energy
technologies, such as anaerobic digestion or composting, to maximize resource
recovery and reduce environmental impacts.
 Education and Awareness:
Educate and Aware the university community, including students, faculty, staff, and
visitors, about the importance of responsible solid waste management. To provide
education and training on waste reduction, recycling practices, and proper waste
disposal procedures. And also promote awareness campaigns, host sustainability
events, and encourage active participation and collaboration in waste management
initiatives.
 Monitoring and Continuous Improvement:
Committed to monitoring and evaluating waste management practices to measure the
progress and identify areas for improvement. Set specific waste reduction targets,
track performance, and regularly communicate the progress to stakeholders. Actively
seek feedback from the university community and explore innovative solutions and
technologies to continually enhance waste management practices.

By adopting this EMS environmental policy for solid waste management, university
aims to become a leader in sustainable waste management practices, foster a culture
of environmental Protection, and contribute to a more sustainable future for campus
and surrounding communities.

4. Roles & Responsibilities:

The institution needs to plan the specific roles and responsibilities of EMS depending
on the size and complexity of the university, as well as the specific goals and
objectives of the institution's waste management program. to ensure that everyone
understands their environmental management responsibilities and contributes to the
achievement of environmental objectives.

5. Objectives & Targets:

Setting specific environmental objectives and targets that align with the
institution’s environmental policy. These objectives and targets should be measurable,
time-bound, and relevant to addressing the identified environmental aspects. It's
 important to note that the specific objectives and targets will depend on the resources
available, the size and nature of the university, local regulations, and the level of
commitment to sustainability and waste management within the institution.

However, here are some common objectives and targets to achieve:

Objectives:
 Minimize waste generation
 Increase recycling rates
 Implement waste segregation
 Promote waste-to-energy initiatives
 Enhance waste management infrastructure
 Foster a culture of sustainability

Targets:
 Reduce overall solid waste generation by X% within Y years.
 Achieve a recycling rate of Z% by implementing comprehensive recycling programs
and infrastructure.
 Establish waste segregation systems in all university buildings and ensure proper
disposal of segregated waste by a specified deadline.
 Implement a waste-to-energy project or technology by a certain date to divert a
significant portion of solid waste from landfill and utilize it for energy generation.
 Upgrade waste management infrastructure, including waste collection bins,
equipment, and facilities, in specific areas or buildings on campus by a defined
timeframe.
 Conduct regular waste audits and assessments to monitor progress, identify areas for
improvement, and set specific waste reduction targets for each academic year.

6. Environmental Management Program:

The Environmental Management Program (EMP) for solid waste management at a
university refers to the specific set of actions and activities outlined within an
Environmental Management System (EMS) to address solid waste-related
environmental concerns
.
Here's a general framework for developing an EMP for solid waste management
at a university:

 Develop a comprehensive environmental management program for solid waste

management.
 Include specific actions, timelines, responsible parties, and required resources.
  Implement waste reduction, recycling, and proper disposal practices.
 Promote sustainable waste management practices and encourage the participation of
staff and students.

7. Operational Controls:
The specific procedures and practices implemented to effectively manage and control
solid waste on a day-to-day basis. These controls ensure that waste management
activities align with the university's waste management objectives and targets.

Here are some operational controls for solid waste management (SWM) at a
university:

 Implement operational controls to manage solid waste effectively.

 Develop procedures for waste segregation, handling, storage, and transportation.
 Ensure proper labeling and signage to guide waste segregation.
 Establish protocols for the management of hazardous and toxic waste.

8. Monitoring & Measurement Needs:

Establishing a system for monitoring and measuring the organization's environmental
performance. This includes collecting and analyzing data related to environmental
indicators and evaluating progress towards objectives and targets.
 Identify the key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the effectiveness of solid
waste management.
 Establish monitoring and measurement procedures to track waste generation,
recycling rates, waste reduction, and other relevant parameters.
 Regularly review the data and analyze trends to identify areas for improvement.

9. Initial Employee Awareness:

In this step we Provide education and training to employees to increase their
awareness of environmental issues, their roles in the EMS for solid waste
management, and the importance of their individual actions in achieving
environmental objectives.

Here's how and what can be done to create employee awareness:

 Conduct awareness programs and training sessions for employees to educate them
about solid waste management practices.
 Promote waste reduction, recycling, and responsible waste disposal habits among
employees.
  Encourage employee Awareness and participation in the solid waste management
program.
 Clearly define employees' roles and responsibilities in waste management and explain
how their actions contribute to achieving waste reduction goals.
 Encourage employees to ask questions, seek clarification, and share ideas or concerns
related to solid waste management.
 Explain reporting procedures for waste management issues, incidents, or non-
compliance with established procedures.
 Organize environmental awareness campaigns or events to engage employees and
promote waste reduction practices.
 Share regular updates on waste management initiatives, achievements, and challenges
through internal communication channels.
 Encourage managers and supervisors to lead by example in waste management
practices.
 Reinforce the importance of waste management through ongoing training, reminders,
and reinforcement of waste management practices.

10. Prepare EMS Documentation:

 Develop and maintain documentation related to the EMS, including policies,
procedures, guidelines, and work instructions related to solid waste management.
 Update and maintain the documentation regularly.
 Ensure easy access to relevant documentation for employees and auditors.
 Understand the EMS framework and relevant standards (e.g., ISO 14001).
 Conduct a waste assessment to identify areas for improvement.
 Description of objectives and targets aligned with sustainability goals and
regulations.
 Develop detailed procedures for waste collection, segregation, storage,
transportation, recycling, and disposal.
 Clearly define roles and responsibilities of individuals involved in waste
management.
 Establish training programs to educate staff, faculty, and students on waste
management practices.
 Establish monitoring and measurement methods for tracking waste management
performance.
 Develop reporting mechanisms to communicate progress towards waste management
goals.
11. Internal (EMS) Audit:
Evaluate internal audits to assess the effectiveness and compliance of the EMS. These
audits evaluate the institution’s environmental management practices align with the
established procedures, objectives, and regulatory requirements.
 Develop an audit plan outlining objectives, criteria, and methods.
  Evaluate audit criteria, including legal requirements, EMS documentation, waste
management procedures, and waste reduction targets.
 Develop a checklist or questionnaire to guide the audit process.
 Review EMS documentation, including waste management procedures, training
materials, waste audits, monitoring reports, and corrective action logs.
 Conduct regular internal audits to assess the effectiveness of the EMS
implementation.
 Collect and analyze data related to waste generation, recycling rates, waste audits,
and monitoring reports.
 Document findings and develop corrective action plans.
 Prepare an audit report summarizing findings, strengths, areas for improvement,
non-conformities, and recommended actions.
 Present the report to stakeholders and management.
 Monitor the implementation of corrective actions and follow up on their
effectiveness.

12. Conduct Management Review:

Regularly reviewing the EMS at the management level to assess its overall
performance, effectiveness, and suitability. This review involves evaluating the
achievement of objectives, identifying areas for improvement, and making decisions
regarding resource allocation and strategic direction.

 Assess the achievement of objectives and targets and review the effectiveness of
implemented programs.
 Assess the achievement of waste management objectives and targets set by the
university.
 Use the management review as an opportunity to make necessary improvements and
set new goals.
 Conduct periodic management reviews of the EMS for solid waste management.
 Consider feedback from internal audits, stakeholder input, and changing
circumstances.
 Determine areas for improvement and allocate necessary resources for further
enhancement.
 Schedule the management review at regular intervals (e.g., annually).
 Review the objectives of the management review, including assessing EMS
performance, identifying areas for improvement, and ensuring compliance.
 Evaluate EMS performance based on waste management data, progress reports, and
compliance records.
 Identify areas for improvement, such as waste reduction strategies, recycling
initiatives, waste segregation practices, and resource allocation.
 Develop action plans to address the identified improvement areas, specifying
responsibilities, timelines, and required resources.
  Implement the action plans, monitor progress, and provide necessary support &
information.

NOTE: By implementing this EMS for solid waste management at Buitems

University can enhance its environmental performance, minimize its waste footprint,
and promote sustainable waste management practices among its staff, faculty, and
students. and can work towards a more sustainable future.

Solid Waste Management system at Buitems Takattu Campus Quetta.

 Step 1
How much waste is generated at university?
1 day: 2 tons
1 week: 14 tons
1 month: 60 tons
1 year: 730 tons
 Step 2
How waste is segregated?
Dr. Malik akhter conducted 1-Day Training Session on Solid Waste Segregation and installed
15 Color-Code Bins on JUNE 7th, 2023 inaugurated by Mr. Essa Tahir (Area Program
Manager Balochistan IRP). On other hand, there are total 50+ single dustbins installed at
different locations inside university.
 Step 3
Is waste open dumped or incinerated?
Total waste of our university is open dumped at back side of Markhoor Auditorium.

 Step 4
Which vehicle is used for transporting waste from university to dumping site?
Two types of tractors are used i.e (1) Manual tractor, (2) Hydraulic tractor.
 Step 5
How much fuel is consumed while using these vehicles for transporting waste from
university to dumping site?
1 day: 5 liters
1 week: 35 liters
1 month: 150 liters
1 year: 1825 liters

 Step 6
Transporting schedule of waste from rooms, corridors, and roadside to dumping site?
After every 2nd day the waste is transported from university to dumping site.

 Step 7
How waste is transported from rooms, corridors, inside SS-block and around roadside
to dumping site?
First all waste from rooms, corridors, and inside SS-block is collected inside a bulky bin
manually functioned and is loaded inside a hydraulic tractor.
Step 8
Which strategies are used while management of wastes at university ?
There are no proper strategies and standards to follow for management of wastes.

 Step 9
Who manage university wastes ?
Karim Baloch manages all university wastes at admin block.

 Step 10
What are effects of open waste dumping on our environment ?
 Land Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Air Pollution
 Climate Change
 Disease
 Plant Death
 Animal and Marine Death
 Loss of Habitats and Biodiversity
 Worsening Infrastructure
 “Dead” Zones

 Step 11
Which strategies have to be followed for solid waste management ?
 Conduct a Waste Audit
 Embrace Source Reduction
 Promote Reuse and Repurposing
 Implement Recycling Programs
 Composting Organic Waste
 Encourage Responsible E-Waste Disposal
 Explore Waste-to-Energy Options
 Establish Partnerships with Waste Management Companies
 Educate and Engage the Community
 Continuous Monitoring and Improvement

 Step 12
Which Goals and Objectives of solid waste management have to achieve ?

 Step 13
Legal and institutional framework regarding Solid Waste Management in Pakistan ?
 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997.
 Section 11 of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act prohibits discharge of waste in
an amount or concentration that violates the National Environmental Quality Standards
(NEQS).
 Hazardous Substances Rules of 1999.
 Guidelines for Hospital Waste Management since 1998 prepared by the Environmental
Health Unit of the Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan.
 Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005.
 Hazardous Substances Rules 2003.
 National Environment Quality Standards Rules.
 Islamabad Capital Territory Bye Laws, 1968 by Capital Development Authority
Islamabad.
 Section 132 of the Cantonment Act 1924 deals with Deposits and disposal of rubbish etc.
 There is also Prime Minister’s committee on Climate Change which was established to
ensure that Pakistan fulfills requirements of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
under the Kyoto Protocol. This committee has a sub-divisional level technical committee
on Waste Management.
 In 1994 Pakistan joined Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements
of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal. The Convention aims at enabling the member
countries to initiate “environmentally-sound management” (ESM), the purpose of which
is to protect human health and the environment by minimizing hazardous waste
production.
 The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 Section 12 directs that an Initial
Environmental Examination (IEE), and wherever the project is likely to cause an adverse
environmental effect, an environmental impact assessment be filed with the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for review and approval before the initiation of
construction at site.
 Currently the World Bank is supporting the Urban Unit of Government of Punjab
responsible for reforming the solid waste management practices in the Province.
 Step 13
SWM AND TREATMENT METHODS
1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
2. Thermal treatment
3. Dumps and Land filling
4. Biological waste treatment
5. Integrated Solid Waste Management
 References

1. Ashraf, U., Hameed, I., & Chaudhary, M. N. (2016). Solid waste management practices
under public and private sector in Lahore, Pakistan. Bulletin of Environmental Studies,
1(4), 98-105.
2. EPA, P. 1997. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. Government of Pakistan,
Ministry of Environment.
3. Marshall, R. E., & Farahbakhsh, K. 2013. Systems approaches to integrated solid waste
management in developing countries. Waste Management, 33(4), 988-1003.
4. Visvanathan, C., &Trankler, J. 2003. Municipal solid waste management in Asia: a
comparative analysis. In Workshop on Sustainable Landfill Management (pp. 3-5).
5. Hoornweg, D., & Thomas, L. 1999. What a waste: solid waste management in Asia. The
World Bank. [Accessed 15 January 2016. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/
INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-
1334852610766/What_a_Waste2012_Final.pdf]
6. Zedan, H. (2004). 2004 IUCN red list of threatened species: a global species assessment.
Iucn.
7. Government of Pakistan. 2005. ≈(Draft) Guideline for Solid Waste Management.∆
Islamabad: Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
8. http://www.cyen.org/innovaeditor/assets/Solid%20waste%20 management.pdf
9. http://www.worldbank.org/urban/solid_wm/erm/CWG%20folde
r/conceptualframework.pdf
10. www.environment.gov.pk/PRO_PDF/.../Brief-SWM- %20Pak.pd