Transmission Line Characteristics Experiment no.

Experiment no.5

Transmission Line Characteristics

Objective:
The ABCD constants of the transmission line (T.L) have to be determined from the short
and open circuit measurements. In addition, voltage regulation and efficiency of the (T.L)
have to be determined using different load conditions.

Description of the equipment:

The measurements have to be done on a T.L model. It’s a 3-phases model of an 80km
length, 20kV simulated as 220V, 5A transmission line represented by R, L & C elements.
The load of the transmission line model to be varied at constant power factor
(P.F.). The suitable connections are shown in Fig.1where the load P.F. is measured by a
P.F. meter.

Procedure:

Connect the circuit shown in Fig.1, and then do the following steps
1. Determine the ABCD constants by the following measurements:
a. Make the receiving end as open circuit; supply the T.L model from three-phase
system through an autotransformer. Measure the input voltage, current and P.F
when the input voltage is at rated value.
b. Make the receiving end as a short circuit. Increase the input voltage to get the
rated current. Record the input voltage, current and the power factor readings.
c. Repeat step (a) but with open-circuited sending end and receiving end supplied
with rated voltage.
d. Repeat step (b) but with the short-circuited sending end and receiving end is
supplied with a reduced voltage to get rated current.

2. Load test:
a. Connect the T.L model to three-phase resistive load and increase the supply
voltage to the value at which the receiving end voltage equals its rated value.
Measure the input current, input voltage, input power factor, output current, output
voltage and output power factor. Be sure that the current does not exceed its rated
value.
b. Repeat step (a) but with 0.8 or 0.85 lagging P.F. load.
c. Repeat step (a) but with 0.8 or 0.85 leading P.F. load.

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Transmission Line Characteristics Experiment no.5

d. Use three-phase parallel connected RL load and supply the sending end with
rated voltage.
a. Repeat step (a) with lagging p.f. of 0.8 or 0.85.
b. Repeat step (a) with leading p.f. of 0.8 or 0.85.
c. Using a 3-phase load consisting of resistive, and inductive loads connected in
parallel with the sending end supplied by rated voltage, vary the load until the

Sending end Receiving end

Case Vs Is P.F.s Vr Ir P.F.r
O.C.T 220 0
Small
S.C.T 0
voltages
Load test 220 max
R Const. 2.5
R//L
max
R//C
2.5
Vs = Vr 220 220
p.f 0.6 lag
improve 0.95

receiving end voltage raises its rated value (i.e. Vs=Vr). Measure the input &
output current, voltage and P.F.

1. Power factor improvement:

Load the line with an inductive load of a 0.6 P.F. Connect the capacitor bank in
parallel with the inductive load in order to improve the P.F. to 0.95. Take all
readings on the instruments.

Report:
1. For step 1, calculate the ABCD constants of the T.L.
2. Using the line constant, calculate the regulation & efficiency of the (T.L) at
different p.f.

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Transmission Line Characteristics Experiment no.5

3. Calculate the voltage regulation & efficiency of the (T.L) from the load test results
of step 2 and compare it with results obtained in step 2 above.
4. Calculate the capacitive current and capacitance value from step (2-d).
5. Calculate the capacitance needed to improve the p.f. from 0.6 lag to 0.95.

3-Ø Supply through Variac

R
S
T
250V

5A
A
Vs

V2
M
V1

Fig
.1 Artificial T.L
V2
L
M
V1
250V
Vr

5A
A

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3-Ø R-LOAD