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Wawa

Wawa
Water Hydrogen bonds
isa polarMolecule
099 Bonds between
Hydrogenand changedatoms
Fantinmanybiologicalcompounds
Hydrogen

bondsaregenerallyweakalthoughinwatertheyar strong tt
А

propertiesofwater
tighspecifichea cohesion
waterstickstowat.cn
therion
WaterLandissolve alot
Solvents Somethingthatdissolvesotherthings
substancethat
dissolves
Solute The
Acidsarecompoundsthatrelease att
Basesremove
ionsfromasolution tcidityismeasuredbythepltsc.at
Acidic Neutral Basic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
 4 1 12 3

Ca bon

Carbon
Carboncan
form Atoms 4CovalentBonds
Forms StraightchainBranchedChain or
CanForm ringstructures
longChains
monomers
singleunits
Polymer longchains
When
of monomers
monomersgoto polymers itscalledPolymerization

Four main types of Carbon Compounds

Carbohydrates composedofHydrogen
Provides a Oxygen andCarbon
usable energysource
Monosaccharide one
single carbohydratemolecule
Disaccharide two
carbohydratemolecules
Polysaccharide more than2
Lipids Nonpolarmolecules includesfats andoils
ContainChains ofCarbonatomsbonded
together
Composed of Glycerolandfattyacid Chains
Saturated fats Unsaturated Oils
Canbe brokendown for
energyor used in cell structure
Phospholid 2fatty
acidchainsand aphosphate head
Trilycarol 3fattyacidchainsanda glycerol
Cholesterol
Ring structure importantincell membrane
 9 1
Proteins are polymers made from monomers calledAmino
Acid
AminoAcids All 20havesimilar Structure
Central CarbonMolecule
AminoGroup
CarboxylGroup
Thesequence of AminoAcidsaffectstheStructure
NucleicAcids Polymers oftheProtein
madefrommonomerscallednucleotides
2types of NucleicAcids
DNA codeforallorganismsDoublestranded
RNA Helpsmakeprotein can
work as an enzymeSingleStranded

reaking
Reactants Products
Bonds
Theenergy it takes to and Bond energy
Glucoset Oxygen
break abond is called bond
energy
Carbon dioxide water
Chemical Equilibrium
chemicalReactions
sametime thatmove in bothdirections
ChemicalReactions at th
Releaseandabsorb
Change in energy energy all chemical
reactionsinvolve
to complete
thereaction
energy energymust beadded the
to Reaction Atirat
ExothermicReaction
onethatreleases
Difference in bond more energythan itabsorbs
energy between products t reactants
EndothermicReaction
absorbsmore
Photosynthesis
energy thantreleases
Catalysts
the
activation
А substance that decreases
of the reaction
notconsidered tobe energy
areactantor Product
Catalystremains unchanged in thereaction

Mymes catalysts inlivingthings

Involved in almosteveryprocess in livingorganisms
Amylase enzyme that breaks starchinto
simplesugars
increases thereaction
time by 1.0 10
Foundinsaliva
andthestomach
Almostallenzymes are
proteinswithoptimumtemperature ranges