Marshall

Cavendish
Cambridge
Primary Maths
(2nd Edition)
Stage16: 5
CHAPTER
STATISTICAL ENQUIRY

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 A Plan an Enquiry With Statistical
Questions
Learning Outcome: Plan and conduct an investigation to answer a set of
related statistical questions, considering what data to collect (categorical,
discrete and continuous data)

Look at the tomato plants.

What questions can you ask to
find out which plant is better?
What data should you
collect about the plants to
answer the questions?

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(a) Which tomato plant should the farmer
grow?

To answer the farmer’s question, we carry out Step 1 in the Statistics

Enquiry Cycle by identifying the problem and asking questions.

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(a) Which tomato plant should the farmer
grow?

From the questions above, the following data can be collected.

• heights of tomato plants
• lengths of tomatoes
• masses of tomatoes
The data shown are all continuous data.
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Height, length and mass have
ranges of values. E.g. 0.9 to 1.5 m,
15 cm to 18 cm, 120 g to 150 g
5
 (b) Types of Data
Data can be grouped into
categorical, discrete and
continuous data.

Categorical data are

descriptive.
Discrete data are
whole numbers. texture of
tomatoes
Continuous data give
a range of values.
number of amount of time
seeds in the the tomatoes
tomatoes take to ripen

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 B Record, Organise and Represent Data
Learning Outcome: Record, organise and represent categorical, discrete
and continuous data. Choose and explain which representation to use in a
given situation.
What percentage of the teenagers like
doing puzzle games? How many more
teenagers like strategy games than
sports games?

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 B Record, Organise and Represent Data

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 (a) Super Sweet Tomato Plant
The farmer wants to grow the tomato plants fast and harvest more tomatoes.
To help the farmer find out the information, we carry out Step 2 in the
Statistics Enquiry Cycle by choosing the most suitable data representation.

A table and a line graph are chosen to represent

the growth of the tomato plants. The faster the
plants grow, the faster it grows tomatoes.
Day 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Height of 24 27 29 36 42 49 69 90 102 129 129
plant (cm)

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 (a) Growth of Super Sweet Tomato Plant

The line graph shows that the height of the plant increases
between Day 10 to Day 90. Then, it remains the same until
Day 100. Using a line graph is suitable.
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 (a) Big Red Tomatoes Harvested
A bar chart is chosen to represent the number of tomatoes that are harvested
from the tomato plants.

The bar chart shows clearly the numbers of tomatoes

harvested from the plants. This representation is suitable.
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 (a) Seeds in Big Red Tomatoes
A dot plot is chosen to represent the number of seeds in a tomato. The more
seeds a tomato has, the higher the chance of growing more tomato plants.

The dot plot shows clearly

the number of seeds in the
tomatoes. This
representation is suitable.

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 (b) Masses of the Tomatoes

The farmer also wants the tomatoes to be big and sweet.

He chooses the most suitable data representations to
find out. A grouped frequency table and a histogram are
chosen to represent the masses of the tomatoes.

Mass of 100-110 110-120 120-130 130-140

tomatoes (g)
No. of plants 6 7 4 3

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 (b) Masses of Super Sweet Tomatoes
The histogram below is based on the data in the table.

The histogram shows

clearly the number of
plants that bore tomatoes
with masses in given
intervals. This
representation is suitable.

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 (b) Sweetness of the Tomatoes
A Carroll diagram and a Waffle diagram are chosen to represent the
sweetness and colour of the tomatoes.

The Carroll diagram and

the Waffle diagram show
clearly the number of
tomatoes according to their
sweetness and colour.
These representation are
suitable.

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 C Identify Patterns and Draw Conclusions
Learning Outcome: Interpret data, identify patterns within and between data
sets to answer statistical questions. Discuss conclusions considering the
sources of variation.

The bar charts show

the favourite types of
breakfast for 130
boys and 130 girls.
State two differences
between the graphs.
Tell your partner
what you noticed.

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 C Identify Patterns and Draw Conclusions

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 (a) Patterns in Graphs
The farmer wants to know more details about the number of tomatoes he
can harvest. This will help him plan for growing a new plot of tomato plants.

To help the farmer plan, we carry out Step 3

and Step 4 in the Statistics Enquiry Cycle
by interpreting the data, identifying the
patterns and drawing conclusion from the
data representations.

The farmer takes all the ripe tomatoes from each plant.
He weighs each tomato to the nearest gram.

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 (a) Patterns in Graphs
He displays his results in the bar charts below. They show the total numbers
of tomatoes harvested for Super Sweet tomatoes and Big Red Tomatoes.
The centre of the graph is located at the median.

The spread of a
graph shows how
much the data
varies. When the
data varies a lot,
there are more
different values.

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 (b) Describing the Shape of a Bar Chart
The following bar charts show the numbers of tomatoes the children picked
over 9 days. The mode causes a bump in the data. Only Ralph’s graph does
not have bumps.

The mode of a set of data causes a “bump” in the graph.

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 (b) Describing the Shape of Bar Chart
When describing the
shape of a graph,
look for bumps and
trends in the graph.

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 (c) Describing Dot Plots
The farmer also finds out the number of seeds from the tomatoes, to grow a
new plot of tomato plants. He collects the seeds from 15 Super Sweet
tomatoes and 15 Big Red tomatoes. The dot plots below show the number
of seeds for each type of tomatoes.

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 (c) Describing Dot Plots
The farmer describes the plots using their centre, spread and shape.
Super Sweet Big Red Tomatoes
Tomatoes
Centre The median is 35. The median is 35.
Spread The data is more The data is less
spread out. spread out.
Shape The data goes up and The data goes up and
then down. then down.
There is a bump at 35. There is a bump at 35.
The mode is 35. The mode is 35.

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 (c) Describing Dot Plots

The farmer sees a similarity between the two plots. In both,

the data goes up and down and there is a bump at 35.

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