NAME:LEONARD KIPKOECH LANGAT

REG NO:24/04090

UNIT:EDF 101 HISTORY OF EDUCATION

Assignment One: What were the main factors that led to the Renaissance and Reformation, and how
did these movements transform education? Discuss the influences and their effects on the educational
landscape of the time.

Introduction

Renaissance was a very important historical process that ushered the modern times. It can
therefore be accurately stated that modern education has its origins in this era. This cultural
revival was a very gradual process, heavily influenced by forces that preceded it which ended up
bringing about a gradual break with the medieval and created a new worldview. The period of
Renaissance put a lot of emphasis on man and his abilities, passion for learning and stress on
scholarly exactness. Man's faculty of reason was seen to be more important than faith.

From European discoveries of continents and shipping routes to new views of mathematics and
astronomy to the advent of the printing press, the period of "rebirth" following the Middle Ages
was marked by changing ideas, enduring masterpieces of architecture, art and literature (it was
the time of Shakespeare, Galileo, da Vinci and Machiavelli)—and a movement toward political
and religious freedoms. The shift toward political and religious freedom in turn, helped spawn
the Reformation movement, which caused a divide within the powerful Catholic Church, leading
many Europeans to turn to then-new Protestant faith

Both Renaissance and Reformation were born out of the realization that the 'old' Medieval order
was no longer sustainable, and scientific discoveries and technological innovations were some of
the elements that made it clear just how inadequate the old structures were.

Here are the main factors that caused these movements and the impact that they have had on
educational affairs:
Factors Leading to the Renaissance:

1. Revival of Classical Knowledge: The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the revival
of the ancient Greek and Roman study. Through this, scholars and manuscripts came into
Western Europe.
2. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the revival of the ancient Greek and Roman
study. Scholars and manuscripts moved into Western Europe.
3. Humanism:Paying attention to the human being's potential and accomplishments as well
as providing secular subjects alongside religious ones.
4. Paying attention to the human being's potential and accomplishments as well as providing
secular subjects alongside religious ones.
5. Economic Prosperity: The rise of the Italian city-states along with the increased trade
which went on to the production of the wealthiest communities in Italy is the ones that
were able to patronize arts, science, and education.
6. Technological Innovations: The introduction of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg
in the middle 15th century is responsible for the spread of knowledge on a large scale.
7. The introduction of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the middle 15th century
is responsible for the spread of knowledge on a large scale.

Factors Leading to the Reformation:

1. Corruption in the Catholic Church: The likes of them giving indulgences and the moral
decay of the clergy played a role in people's widespread discontent.
2. The sale of indulgences as well as the moral decay of the clergy provoked a lot of people
in the society.
3. Desire for Religious and Political Autonomy: Counties of Europe possessed free State
Churches elected by the citizens as the monarchs and other rulers did not want the
Church to assume a vast influence.
4. Kings and princes sought to reduce their authority which led to the diminished influence
of the Church over their territories. It implies that K. II.2.
5. Printing Press: Spread of reformist ideas was so fast that only one year after Martin
Luther put down his 95 Theses, the press was able to disseminate his texts to a
tremendous number of destinations.
 6. Spread of reformist ideas was so fast that after one year from the moment Martin Luther
nailed the 95 Theses to the door of the church he, the press was able to disseminate his
texts to a tremendous number of destinations.
7. Humanist Critique: Humanist scholars such as Erasmus asked for Christians to live a
peaceful simple Christian life based on what was written in the Bible.
8. Humanist scholars such as Erasmus asked for Christians to live a peaceful simple
Christian life based on what was written in the Bible.

Effects on Education:

Renaissance:

1. Humanistic Education: The philosopher put Latin and Greek classical texts in our
education together with rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history, and moral philosophy not
only as a result of a change of curriculum but also by means of one of the accentuation
thoughts on critical thinking, debate, and the study of classical antiquity.
2. The Instructions were thus shifted to include classical texts in Latin and Greek, the focus
on subjects like rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history, and moral philosophy.
3. Emphasis on critical thinking, debate, and the study of classical antiquity.
4. Expansion of Learning: Italy, France, and the Low Countries were some of the countries
in which people saw the establishment of new schools and universities.The creditors even
loaned money for these new projects of schools, universities, and monasteries.Learning
for its own sake, which resulted in advances in art, science, and literature, was supposed
to promote the cause of learning, write new authors and to support the economy.Aging
divinity schools mostly have aging faculties and a declining student body. Thus, they
likely will not live much longer if they do not change their strategies and work toward
healthy growth rather than wrangle among themselves about staffing & the quality
of education provided.
5. Italy, France, and the Low Countries were some of the countries in which people saw the
establishment of new schools and universities.
6. Some of the things learned are exactly the way I point out it because of art, science, and
literature.
 7. Reformation:"Society: A Feminist Perspective" is an analysis that examines how two
hundred stereotypes of women are portrayed in seven different cultures (Welsh, English,
Spanish, French, Canadian, Egyptian, and Tuareg societies). Studies of social conditions,
social interactions, and social organizations are much less important than a study of the
society (Gattis 10).Boys should be discouraged from carrying guns when they went to
school.
8. Completing the lesson will mitigate secularism.
9. Promoted analysis of the human experience and of the cosmos in the course of the natural
phase of the universe.

Reformation:

1. Protestant Educational Reforms:Martin Luther and other reformers proposed education

for everyone, regardless of their gender, so that people could read the Bible(It.Usbifiał),
and the localization of public education through the use of local languages in education.
2. Martin Luther and other reformers proposed education for everyone, regardless of their
gender, so that people could read the Bible.
3.  The founding of public schools and the use of local languages in education are
ideas that are introduced.
4. Catholic Counter-Reformation:The (Second) Council of Lateran (1139) led to the reform
of Catholic education by the better training for priests and the founding of seminaries.The
schools of the Jesuits (Society of Jesus) were the top institutions where the first modern
academic trainings and respect for the Church were done.
5. The formation of the Congregation of Trent (1545-1563) was one move by the Catholic
Church to reconstruct Catholic education by a better training for priests and the
establishment of seminaries.
6. Jesuits (Society of Jesus) were among the most popular educators of the time, as they
started schools and universities where they taught subjects like math and language and
required students to show respect to the Church.
7. Some of the things learned are exactly the way I point out it because of art, science, and
literature.
 8. Reformation:"Society: A Feminist Perspective" is an analysis that examines how two
hundred stereotypes of women are portrayed in seven different cultures (Welsh, English,
Spanish, French, Canadian, Egyptian, and Tuareg societies). Studies of social conditions,
social interactions, and social organizations are much less important than a study of the
society (Gattis 10).Boys should be discouraged from carrying guns when they went to
school.
9. Completing the lesson

10. Literacy and Textbook Production:This made a difference because more and more people
were enabled to read the Bible and other religious writings in consequence. On the other
hand, the process of making textbooks and catechisms represented the modern way of
teaching religion in Europe in an organized and efficient way.
11. An increase in literacy rates was due to the demand for the reading of the Bible and other
religious texts.
12. The materials used for the teachings were text.xml which consisted of some core
knowledge to be covered, and were printed on a chipboard. Other supporting print
materials, such as activity sheets and vocabulary flashcards, were also included in the
course.

Overall Transformation of Education:

 Broadening of Curriculum:Two developments introduced a more varied curriculum that

brought together religious and non-religious subjects. 
 Two developments mutually brought about a more diversified curriculum that contained
religious and secular subjects.
 Increased Accessibility:Expansion of schooling especially in the regions with the largest
number of women and the poor greatly augmented the development of formal education.
 Expansion of schooling, including the poor and the women in some regions, was the
effort which increased the educational input. It extended the reach of formal education.
 Critical Thinking:The application of critical thinking and analysis, particularly in the
more humanistic faculties, not only strengthened the basis for further development of
 science and intellect but also led to the awakening of the human intellect and its
capabilities through the exercise of critical thinking. Emphasis on the inception of
critical inquiry and analysis, especially in humanistic studies, which was a prerequisite
for modern scientific and intellectual advancements.
 The implementation of this program by teachers was aimed at the development of critical
thinking in students through carrying out projects and laboratory experiments followed
by a joint analysis of the obtained results before the students made their conclusions. This
was done through individual work, teamwork, and teacher-led discussions.
 Institutional Development: Academically, the growth of educational institutions such as
universities and colleges as well as schools acting as the main hubs for learning give the
study of teaching methods needed to curricular informatics and the Computation Scientist
and Education Administrator more significance each time.
 Expansion of educational institutions initiated by universities and schools became study
centers encouraging learning and intellectual exchange.

Conclusion

All things considered, the Renaissance and Reformation were revolutionary times that changed
education by placing a strong emphasis on the potential of the human race, critical thinking,
religious literacy, and the diffusion of information. The beliefs and educational systems that
emerged after these modifications were profoundly impacted.

References

1. Stone, J. M. (1904). Reformation and Renaissance (circa 1377-1610). Duckworth.

2. FORRESTER, B. D. (2011). Reformation, Renaissance, and Enlightenment. Theology
and Human Flourishing. Essays in Honor of Timothy J. Gorringe. Eugene: Cascade
Books, 169-184.
3. Pranger, G. K. THE RENAISSANCE. ORU History & Humanities Modern World-Reader I 1600-
1850, 11.
4. Grendler, P. F. (2004). The universities of the Renaissance and Reformation. Renaissance
Quarterly, 57(1), 1-42.
5.