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Unit 3 - RCC Staircase Notes
Unit 3 - RCC Staircase Notes
Unit 3 - RCC Staircase Notes
A staircase is defined as a series of steps arranged in such a fashion, that it helps commute vertical
distances by providing access to different floors of the building. The series of steps, often called a flight,
may contain one or more intermediate landings between the floor levels and an enclosure containing
the stairs is called a stairway.
TECHNICAL TERMS:
Tread or Going: Horizontal portion of a step, where the foot rests. The min.width of Tread without
nosing shall be 300mm. However it may be reduced to not less than250mm under special
circumstances.
Riser: Vertical portion of the step. The max.riser shall be 150mm.However it may be increased to not
more than 190mm under floor height constraints.
Nosing: The protrusion or extra projecting part of the tread, beyond the face of the riser.
Pitch or Slope: It is the angle which the line of nosings of the stair makes with the horizontal. The
best pitch of stairs is that inclination which is achieved by twicing the riser and adding going
equals to 23inches.When measured in mm units, a comfortable slope is achieved when
2R+T=600mm.Pitch should however be limited to 30-45degrees.
Flight: A series of steps provided between two landings. The number of risers shall be limited to 12 per
flight.
Landing: A horizontal slab provided between two flights which is used to change the direction of stair.
In other words, it is the termination of one flight and start of the next.
Waist: The least thickness of a stair slab, on which steps are made is known as waist.
Headroom: The vertical distance from a line connecting the nosings of all treads and the soffit
above. This minimum clear head-room in any staircase shall be 2.20m,so that even a tall person can
use the stair with some luggage on his head.
Handrail: The grab bar provided for support to walk, above the pitch line.
Baluster: Vertical member supporting the handrail. The combined framework of the handrail
and baluster is known as balustrade.
The dimensions of the treads and risers for all the parallel steps should be the same in any
consecutive floor of the building.
The minimum vertical headroom above any step should be2.10m.
Generally, the no.of steps in a flight should be restricted to twelve.
The minimum width of a stair should be 900mm.
a) Waist-slab type
b) Folded Tread-Riser type or free standing staircase
c) Isolated tread type
FRAMING CONDITIONS OF STAIRS:
Depending on the structural support condition, stairs can be classified as: Longitudinally supported
(Waist slab type) and Transversely supported (Cantilevered-Stringer beam,Spinewall, cranked
beam type)stairs.
Dist.steel.8mmØ ØT¾
Section of flight from Groundfloor to Midlanding level(typical for Dog leg&Open wellstairs)
Section of flight from Mid landing to first floor level
Here, either the waist slab or the slab components of isolated tread –slab and tread –riser units are
supported on their sides or are cantilevers along the width direction from a central beam. The slab units
thus bend in a transverse vertical plane. They can be supported in the following ways:
II. Central Stringer beam/Spine wall type iii.Edge Cranked beam type
Reinforcemnt details:
SLABLESS STAIRS OR FOLDED PLATE STAIRS:
This type of stairs doesn’t have a waist slab and we see only the steps. Since it appears to be self
supported as independent treads and risers forming a folded pattern, it is also called a folded plate
staircase.
These stairs, when viewed from above, follow a circle with a single centre of curvature and a large
radius. They are generally provided at the rear end of a building, employed at location where there are
space limitations. Spiral staircases can adopt different structural configurations-the most common ones
have a circular format with a central post from which the steps radiate in the form of winders. The
overall diameter of such stairs varies from 1m-2.5m.
For this design, three main factors must be taken into account:
How high must the staircase rise vertically? (Distance between floors)
What is its angle of rotation?
What is its diameter?
2/3R
LAYOUT OF A SPIRAL STAIRS:
The diameter of a spiral stairway (upright), must be equal to the width of the tread multiplied by
the number of steps and divided by Pi (3.1416). If we set out from a diameter larger than 2 m, it
is advisable for the stairway to have a central well hole instead of an upright, since the
angle of the treads is excessively reduced
The tread line is not found in the middle of the upright. Instead, it is separated, depending on
the width of the stairway, between 250 mm and 450mm from the external part of the steps
The last two steps, joined as one only, are normally used for the landing.
If we divide the headroom under the landing upright between the numbers of steps, we shall obtain
the height of the rise.
HELICAL STAIRS:
A helical stairs requires large amount of reinforcement to resist bending, shear and torsion forces.
Flight supported on footing at Ground floor level& on floor beam at landing level
References –
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