Q&A

ASNT

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

BOOK

Third Edition

Magnetic
Particle
Testing Method
Levels I, II and III Review Questions
Book B

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 Q&A
A S NT

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

BOOK

Third Edition

Magnetic Particle
Testing Method
Levels I, II and III Review Questions - Book B

The American Society for

Nondestructive Testing, Inc.

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Copyright © 2014 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing.

The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. (ASNT) is not responsible for the authenticity or accuracy of information
herein. Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the opinion of ASNT. Products or services that are advertised
or mentioned do not carry the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by means electronic or mechanical including photo-
copying, recording or otherwise, without the expressed prior written permission of The American Society for Nondestructive
Testing, Inc.

IRRSP, NDT Handbook, The NDT Technician and www.asnt.org are trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing,
Inc. ACCP, ASNT, Level III Study Guide, Materials Evaluation, Nondestructive Testing Handbook, Research in Nondestructive
Evaluation and RNDE are registered trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.

This book was previously published as Supplement to Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle
Testing Method first published in the 1980s.

ASNT Questions and Answers: Magnetic Particle Testing Method was updated by Mark Stowers, Crossroads Institute. This book is
based on previous Q&A Book editions prepared by the MT/PT Committee, with contributions from David G. Moore, Sandia
National Laboratories, and Charles W. Eick, Horizon NDT Services, LLC.

Third edition
first printing 2/14
ebook 2/14

Errata, if available for this printing, may be obtained from ASNT’s web site, www.asnt.org. Ebooks contain all corrections and updates,
including the latest errata.

ISBN: 978-1-57117-321-8 (print)

ISBN: 978-1-57117-322-5 (ebook)

Printed in the United States of America

Published by:
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
1711 Arlingate Lane
Columbus, OH 43228-0518
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Edited by: Cynthia M. Leeman, Educational Materials Supervisor

Assisted by: Bob Conklin, Educational Materials Editor

Tim Jones, Senior Manager of Publications

ASNT Mission Statement:

ASNT exists to create a safer world by promoting the profession and technologies of nondestructive testing.

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Contents
References ............................................................................................................................................................................ iv
Recommended References ..................................................................................................................................... iv
Reference Codes ......................................................................................................................................................... iv
Additional References ................................................................................................................................................ iv
Reference Usage ......................................................................................................................................................... iv
Level I – Review Questions ................................................................................................................................................ 1
Answers .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Level II – Review Questions ............................................................................................................................................. 11
Answers .......................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Level III – Review Questions ............................................................................................................................................ 21
Answers ........................................................................................................................................................................ 28

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References

Recommended References Additional References

The following references were used in formulating the
questions in this book.
Reference A
Magnetic Particle Testing Classroom Training Book.
Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive
Testing, Inc. (2004).
The following reference is frequently cited in contracts and
may be a useful study aid.
Reference E
ASTM E 1444 / E 1444 M, Standard Practice for Magnetic
Particle Examination. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM
International. (2011).

Reference B
Reference Usage
Moore, David G., tech. ed., and Patrick O. Moore, ed.
Nondestructive Testing Handbook, third edition: Volume 8, Reference A Total = 47
Magnetic Testing. Columbus, OH: The American Society for
Nondestructive Testing, Inc. (2008). Level I (30)
Level II (17)
Reference C Level III (0)
Eick, Chuck W. Level II Study Guide: Magnetic Particle
Reference B Total = 180
Testing Method, second edition. Columbus, OH: The
American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. (2003). Level I (82)
Level II (57)
Reference D Level III (41)
Fenton, John D. ASNT Level III Study Guide: Magnetic
Reference C Total = 22
Particle Testing Method, second edition. Columbus, OH: The
American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. (2013). Level I (8)
Level II (14)
Level III (0)
Reference Codes
Reference D Total = 43
Each question in this book is followed by letter(s) and page
number(s) indicating the specific recommended reference Level I (13)
where the answer may be found. For example: Level II (1)
Level III (29)

6. Which of the following can be magnetized? Reference E Total = 4

Level I (1), Question 15
a. iron Level II (0)
b. copper Level III (3), Questions 16, 17, 20
c. aluminum
d. magnesium
B.43

In this example, the letter "B" refers to Reference B in the list

above and 43 is the specific page in Reference B where the
answer to the question is located.

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Level I
Review Questions

1. Magnetic particle is a nondestructive testing method 5. Magnetic particles are available in different colors:
used for:
a. for color contrast with the part surface thereby
a. locating surface and near-surface discontinuities enhancing detection of indications.
in aluminum. b. to enhance the detection of indications by
b. locating surface and near-surface discontinuities allowing background color matching.
in steel. c. to determine if an indication is surface or
c. finding and measuring material separation. subsurface.
d. measuring flux density. d. to indicate different magnetic flux values.
B.8 B.180

2. Ferromagnetic material is: 6. Which of the following can be magnetized?

a. strongly attracted by a magnetic field. a. Iron.

b. not highly saturated by magnetic fields. b. Copper.
c. a material with a 0 permeability measurement. c. Aluminum.
d. not capable of being magnetized. d. Magnesium.
A.159; B.380; D.3 B.43

3. The permeability of a material describes the: 7. The magnetic field is strongest when the:

a. ease with which it can be magnetized. a. magnetizing voltage is flowing.

b. depth of the magnetic field in the part. b. magnetizing current is flowing.
c. length of time required to demagnetize it. c. material exhibits high coercive forces.
d. ability to retain the magnetic field. d. magnetizing current is not flowing.
A.161; B.56, 385; D.6 B.64

4. The retentivity of a material describes the: 8. If a crack exists in a circular magnet, the attraction of
magnetic particles to the crack is caused by a:
a. ease with which it can be magnetized.
b. depth of the magnetic field in the part. a. coercive force.
c. length of time required to demagnetize it. b. leakage field.
d. ability to retain the magnetic field. c. Doppler effect.
B.387; D.4 d. high reluctance at the crack.
B.47, 49-50

9. The unit usually used to denote flux density is:

a. tesla.
b. henry.
c. farad.
d. ampere.
B.54

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l Level i

10. Which statement is true when related to magnetic 15. The proper number of ampere-turns for a given test
lines of force? specimen being examined by longitudinal magnetism
is determined by:
a. They are often forced to cross due to part
geometry. a. its length and diameter.
b. They are most dense at the poles of a magnet. b. the material and the length.
c. They seek the path of most resistance. c. the diameter and the material.
d. They cannot be detected. d. its diameter.
B.44 A.64, 73-75; E.19-20

11. Magnetic flux lines that are parallel to a discontinuity 16. A circular field may be induced into a specimen by:
produce:
a. placing the part in an energized coil.
a. strong indications. b. passing current directly through the part.
b. weak indications. c. passing a magnetic field through the part.
c. no indications. d. placing the part in a north-south orientation.
d. fuzzy indications. B.50
B.48
17. An electrical yoke produces:
12. A part is susceptible to magnetic particle
inspection if: a. a longitudinal field.
b. a circular field.
a. it is attached to an electrostatic field. c. alternating fields.
b. the material is ferromagnetic. d. a swinging field.
c. the material is non-ferrous. A. 71; B.53; D.29
d. the material is an electric conductor.
B.43 18. An energized coil around the part produces:

13. What rule describes the direction of current flow a. a circular field.
(+ to -) when lines of magnetic force surround a b. a longitudinal field.
conductor? c. an intermittent field.
d. a field dependent on the type of current applied.
a. Left-hand rule. A.69; B.51; D.9
b. Right-hand rule.
c. Flux rule. 19. In longitudinal magnetization the proper term for
d. Reluctance rule. calculating magnetizing force is:
B.50
a. amperes.
14. The magnitude of the residual magnetic field in a b. ampere turns.
specimen is dependent on the: c. watts.
d. ohms.
a. length-to-diameter ratio (L/D). A.74, 157
b. strength of the applied magnetizing force.
c. right-hand rule. 20. Magnetic lines of force:
d. left-hand rule.
B.54 a. travel in straight lines.
b. form a closed loop.
c. are randomly oriented.
d. overlay in highly ferromagnetic materials.
B.44; D.4

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 Review Questions

21. A magnetic particle buildup from a discontinuity is 26. The areas on a magnetized part from which the
strongest when the discontinuity is oriented: magnetic field is leaving or returning into the part
are called:
a. 180° to the magnetic flux flow.
b. 45° to the magnetic flux flow. a. salient points.
c. 90° to the magnetic flux flow. b. defects.
d. 90° to the current flow. c. magnetic poles.
B.48 d. nodes.
A.36, 162; B.44, 384
22. A specimen may be demagnetized by which of the
following? 27. A metal that is difficult to magnetize is said to have:

a. Heat treatment below the curie temperature. a. high permeability.

b. Placing the part in an alternating current coil. b. low permeability.
c. Placing the part in reversing and decreasing c. low coercive force.
direct current fields. d. low retentivity.
d. Applying a direct current yoke and removing it A.41; B.56; D.6-7, 48
from the part.
B.59; D.58 28. The magnetism that remains in a piece of
magnetizable material after the magnetizing force has
23. Which of the following is an advantage of magnetic been removed is called the:
particle testing over penetrant testing?
a. tramp magnetism.
a. It does not require post-cleaning of the part. b. residual magnetism.
b. It requires direct access to the surface of the part. c. damped magnetism.
c. It can detect near-surface discontinuities. d. permanent magnetism.
d. It requires a shorter dwell time to produce results. A. 9; B.54
B.7-8, 12
29. Subsurface discontinuity indications usually appear:
24. The amount of amperage used for magnetic particle
inspection using the prod technique is determined a. sharp and distinct.
from the: b. sharp and wide.
c. wide and fuzzy.
a. type and thickness of material. d. high and loosely held.
b. distance between the prods and thickness of the A.10; C.35; D.2
material.
c. diameter of the part. 30. Which residual field is most difficult to demagnetize?
d. total length of the part.
B.113 a. Longitudinal.
b. Circular.
25. The flux within and surrounding a magnetized part c. Vector.
or around a conductor carrying a current is known d. Binodal.
as: A.58, 85; B.281

a. the saturation point. 31. Which magnetic particle application technique is the
b. a magnetic field. most sensitive?
c. the ferromagnetic field.
d. the paramagnetic field. a. Continuous.
A.5, 159; B.380, 383 b. Residual.
c. Interrupted.
d. Counter-current.
A. 0; B.64

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l Level i

32. Fluorescent magnetic particle indications should be 37. When magnetizing a weld in two directions, and if
inspected under: the current used in the first direction is 750 A and
the current in the second direction is 400 A, which of
a. any light. the following is true?
b. a neon light.
c. an ultraviolet light. a. The part should be checked to see if
d. a fluorescent light. demagnetization between operations is necessary.
A. 3; D.42 b. No precautions should be taken before the second
operation.
33. Inspecting a part by magnetizing, removing the c. This is not a valid technique.
current flow, then applying the medium is called the: d. There is no need to magnetize a weld in two
directions.
a. continuous technique. A.22-23; B.278
b. wet technique.
c. residual technique. 38. When a ferromagnetic object is placed inside a coil
d. dry technique. carrying an electric current the magnetic lines of flux
B.63 concentrate themselves in:

34. Of the following techniques, which is most effective a. a circular direction.

in detecting near-surface discontinuities? b. a longitudinal direction.
c. many directions.
a. Dry residual technique using DC with surge. d. no direction.
b. Wet continuous technique using half-wave B.51
rectified current.
c. Wet residual technique. 39. What are three causes of nonrelevant indications?
d. Dry continuous technique using half-wave
rectified current with prods. a. Lack of fusion, change of section thickness,
B.117 grinding cracks.
b. Sharp corners, heat affected zones, drilled hole
35. A curve is sometimes drawn to show graphically the near surface.
relation of the magnetizing force to the strength of c. Very high amperage, drilled hole near surface,
the magnetic field produced in a certain material. blow holes.
This curve is known as the: d. Drilled hole near surface, very high amperage,
lack of fusion.
a. magnetic force curve. B.217
b. hysteresis curve.
c. saturation curve. 40. Using the residual testing technique, a number of
d. induction curve. parts are magnetized and laid on a rack prior to
A.39; B.54; D.6 application of magnetic particles. Why is it important
that they do not rub or touch each other?
36. What technique of applying particles provides greater
sensitivity in locating subsurface weld a. There is a possible loss of the magnetic field.
discontinuities? b. It may cause magnetic writing.
c. It may damage the part.
a. Continuous. d. It makes parts hard to handle.
b. Residual. A.76; B.217
c. Circular.
d. Longitudinal.
B.180

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 Review Questions

41. The point at which the magnetism in a material 46. The wet fluorescent technique is the same as the wet
cannot be increased even though the magnetizing visible technique except that the wet fluorescent
force continues to increase is known as the: technique requires:

a. salient pole. a. an ultraviolet light.

b. saturation point. b. a higher current.
c. residual point. c. a different machine.
d. remnant point. d. alternating current.
A. 9; B.54 B.63

42. Which type of current produces a skin effect on the 47. A discontinuity open to the surface produces an
surface of the part? indication which is:

a. Alternating current. a. sharp and distinct.

b. Direct current. b. wide and indefinite.
c. Half-wave rectified. c. crisscrossed.
d. Full-wave rectified. d. high and fuzzy.
A.12; B.57; D.13 A.9; C.35; D.2

43. When using wet techniques, why should a high 48. Which of the following will produce circular
velocity flow of wet bath over surfaces following magnetism?
removal of the magnetizing current not be used?
a. Passing current through a coil.
a. The flux leakage may not be able to attract the b. Placing the test part in a solenoid.
particles. c. Yokes.
b. This is not a problem. d. Passing current through prods.
c. The particles may clog the applicator. A.11
d. The flux leakage may increase with the increased
velocity. 49. When using the wet continuous technique, the flow
C.23 of suspension from the hose should be shut off:

44. Residual magnetic particle inspection may be used a. immediately after applying the current.
when: b. immediately before applying the current.
c. while the current is flowing.
a. parts are irregular in shape. d. 30 s before applying the current.
b. parts are highly retentive. A.52
c. parts are highly stressed.
d. evaluating continuous technique indications. 50. The strongest magnetic field in a coil is at the:
A.53; B.63-64
a. outside edge.
45. Magnetic particle inspection is not a reliable method b. inside edge.
of detecting: c. center.
d. end.
a. laps. A.15-17
b. deep internal cavities.
c. cracks.
d. seams.
A.3, 29-30; B.8

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l Level i

51. To detect lengthwise discontinuities on the inside 57. A longitudinal surface crack in a circularly
diameter of hollow parts, you should: magnetized part will cause:

a. pass current through it. a. the magnetic field to die out.

b. magnetize with a coil. b. a decrease in permeability.
c. pass current through a central conductor. c. a magnetic leakage field.
d. increase the amperage used. d. a current to flow.
B.120-121; C.16-17 B.49

52. What equipment is used to determine if a part has 58. In a magnetic particle test, assuming that all of the
been demagnetized? following are in the same relative position in a small
part, which would be the hardest to detect?
a. Notched shim.
b. Field indicator. a. A surface crack.
c. Pie gage. b. A near-surface crack.
d. Careful observation for clinging magnetic c. A scratch.
particles. d. A seam.
A.22; B.289 A.10; B.218

53. Which of the following is most often used for dry 59. If wet magnetic particle suspension is not uniform,
magnetic particle inspection? then:

a. Full-cycle direct current. a. the strength of an indication may vary, and the
b. Half-wave direct current. interpretation of the indication may be erroneous.
c. High-voltage, low-amperage current. b. the magnetic flux would not be uniform.
d. Direct current from electrolytic cells. c. greater mobility would be required.
A.45; B.57-58 d. the part cannot be magnetized.
A.97; B.60
54. An electric current through a copper wire:
60. Which of the following currents will best define
a. creates a magnetic field around the wire. surface cracks?
b. creates magnetic poles in the wire.
c. magnetizes the wire. a. Half-wave rectified alternating current.
d. does not create a magnetic field. b. Direct current.
B.50; C.16-17 c. Alternating current.
d. Surge current.
55. Parts should be cleaned after demagnetization to: A. 3; B.57

a. ensure that the magnetic particles are removed. 61. When a magnetic field is induced in a part with
b. prevent false indications. prods spaced 152 mm (6 in.) apart, the field is:
c. save the solids of the suspension.
d. prevent cracking during heat treatment. a. solenoidal.
B. 8; C.39 b. circular.
c. longitudinal.
56. In circular magnetization, the magnetizing force is d. distorted trapezoidal.
expressed in amperes. What term is used to express B.53
magnetizing force in longitudinal magnetization?

a. Amperes.
b. Ampere-turns.
c. Consequent poles.
d. Volts.
C.19

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 Review Questions

62. Applying the theory of the right-hand rule, a 67. The best type of magnetic field to use to inspect a
longitudinal surface defect in a round bar is detected tubular product for surface defects along its length is a:
by “current passing in a direction parallel to the
direction of expected defects” because: a. longitudinal field.
b. circular field.
a. the current direction is in line with the defect. c. swinging field.
b. the magnetic field is at right angles to the defect. d. yoke magnetization.
c. it makes no difference. B.112
d. the magnetic field is parallel to the defect.
B.50 68. The area of maximum induced field strength using a
yoke is:
63. If a current is passed through an electrical conductor,
what will surround the conductor? a. at the north pole of the yoke.
b. at the south pole of the yoke.
a. Eddy current field. c. the area directly between the poles.
b. Current. d. on the outside of pole pieces.
c. Magnetic field. B.53
d. Residual field.
B.50 69. The strength of the magnetic field induced in a part
is often referred to as:
64. With current flowing from + to – in a coil, a
longitudinal field is created. Which of the following a. current density.
may be used to establish the direction of the b. voltage.
magnetic field? c. flux density.
d. retentivity.
a. Left-hand rule. B.47, 383
b. Right-hand rule.
c. Ohm’s law. 70. A major factor that determines the success of
d. Newton’s law. magnetic particle inspection is the:
B.51
a. field strength.
65. When magnetic material is placed into a coil, the b. voltage on magnetizing coil.
magnetic lines of flux concentrate themselves in the c. current through the coil.
material and: d. time of magnetization.
B.48-49
a. create a longitudinal magnetic field.
b. create a circular magnetic field. 71. What type of current is best suited to detect surface
c. create a longitudinal circular field. discontinuities?
d. have no effect.
B.51 a. Direct current.
b. Alternating current.
66. Which form of magnetization is easiest to detect in c. Pulsating direct current.
most parts? d. Half wave.
B.57
a. Longitudinal magnetization.
b. Permanent magnetism. 72. When preparing a magnetic particle bath, it is
c. Circular magnetization. important to have the bath strength at a proper level,
d. Parallel magnetization. as too many particles can result in:
B.280
a. lowering the test amperage.
b. having to increase the magnetizing current.
c. masking the indications.
d. lowering the amount of background.
B.188

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l Level i

73. One advantage of using fluorescent particles is: 78. Demagnetization:

a. that less equipment is required. a. may be accomplished by heating a material above

b. indications are much easier to see. its curie point.
c. the cost. b. is always necessary.
d. that they are more readily attracted than other c. can be performed only with alternating current.
particles. d. can be performed only with direct current.
B.73 A.82; B.278;

74. When using a dry magnetic particle powder, the 79. Resistance to demagnetization usually is:
proper way to apply it to the part is to:
a. greater in hard materials than soft materials.
a. forcibly apply it with air. b. greater in soft materials than hard materials.
b. roll the material in the container of powder. c. the same for both hard and soft materials.
c. apply it from the bottom of the part. d. nonexistent.
d. float the particles to inspection surface as gently B.282
as possible.
B.181 80. Demagnetization:

75. When using wet particles in water suspension, a. may be easy or difficult depending on the type of
wetting agents are added to: material.
b. is easy for materials having a high coercive force.
a. prevent freezing. c. is always most difficult in materials retaining a
b. prevent corrosion of inspection equipment. high residual field.
c. ensure the proper wetting of the part. d. is always easiest in materials retaining a weak
d. decrease the amount of water needed. residual field.
B.186 B.282-283

76. When preparing an inspection bath, the amount of 81. The strength of the wet suspension should be
magnetic particles per volume of bath is called its: maintained at a given level because a:

a. measuring scale. a. high level may give weak indications.

b. particle number. b. low level may give heavy background.
c. strength or concentration. c. low level may give weak indications.
d. usable limits. d. high level may give weak background.
B.188 B.188

77. Coercive force: 82. Indications such as those at splines, sharp corners or
thread roots are called:
a. describes the means by which the magnetic
particles are suspended in the liquid when using a. fake indications.
the wet technique. b. relevant indications.
b. describes the magnetizing force used with the c. nonrelevant indications.
continuous technique. d. magnetic writing indications.
c. represents the reverse magnetizing force B.217
necessary to remove the residual magnetism in a
material. 83. Magnetic particle testing will reveal discontinuities in
d. is not a term used in magnetic particle testing. which one of the following materials?
B.54
a. Ceramics.
b. Carbon steel.
c. Aluminum castings.
d. Austenitic stainless steel.
B.43

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 Review Questions

84. Magnetic particle testing is a nondestructive testing 88. Nonrelevant indications can be caused by the
method for detecting discontinuities in magnetizable following, except:
material. This method can detect:
a. excessive magnetizing current.
a. surface discontinuities only. b. inadequate magnetizing current.
b. subsurface discontinuities only. c. structural design of the test specimen.
c. surface and near-surface discontinuities. d. variance of magnetic properties within the test
d. discontinuities at surface and subsurface of any specimen.
depth. B.217; C.36
B.8
89. A material with magnetic permeability less than 1 is
85. Which of the following statements is true of magnetic known as:
particle testing?
a. diamagnetic.
a. It cannot be used to inspect through coatings. b. paramagnetic.
b. It can be applied only to detect surface defects. c. ferromagnetic.
c. It can be applied only to detect subsurface defects. d. panamagnetic.
d. It can be applied to detect surface and B.45, 96
near-surface discontinuities in ferromagnetic
material. 90. A small device, generally a metal strip or disk,
B.8 containing an artificial discontinuity used to
determine when the correct magnetizing condition or
86. Which one of following magnetic particles will be magnetic field direction has been achieved is:
most sensitive to small surface discontinuities such as
fatigue cracks? a. an ohmmeter.
b. a gauss meter.
a. Dry powder. c. a flux indicator.
b. Fluorescent particle. d. a field indicator.
c. Visible particle using oil as carrier (vehicle). B.345, 388
d. Visible particle using water as carrier (vehicle).
B.222 91. The direction of magnetic line of force is
degrees from the direction of current flow.
87. Magnetic particles should have the:
a. 45
a. highest possible permeability and highest possible b. 90
retentivity. c. 180
b. lowest possible permeability and lowest possible d. 220
retentivity. B.50
c. lowest possible permeability and highest possible
retentivity.
d. highest possible permeability and lowest possible
retentivity.
B.60

Answers
1b 2a 3a 4d 5a 6a 7b 8b 9a 10b 11c 12b 13b 14b
15a 16b 17a 18b 19b 20b 21c 22c 23c 24b 25b 26c 27b 28b
29c 30b 31a 32c 33c 34d 35b 36a 37a 38b 39b 40b 41b 42a
43a 44b 45b 46a 47a 48d 49b 50b 51c 52b 53b 54a 55a 56b
57c 58c 59a 60c 61b 62b 63c 64b 65a 66a 67b 68c 69c 70a
71b 72c 73b 74d 75c 76c 77c 78a 79a 80a 81c 82c 83b 84c
85d 86b 87d 88b 89a 90c 91b

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LEVEL II
Review Questions

1. The interpretation of magnetic particle indications 5. What type of magnetization uses the formula:
may be aided by: Ampere turns = 45 000/(L/D)?

a. observing with a magnifying glass. a. Circular.

b. reproducing the indication after demagnetization. b. Parallel.
c. observing the indications after the part is c. Vectored.
pre-cleaned. d. Longitudinal.
d. observing the indications after the part is A.77; C.18-19
post-cleaned.
B.218 6. Why are large soft contact pads, such as lead or
copper braid, used for surfaces or headstocks?
2. Residual magnetism may be beneficial as an aid in:
a. To increase the contact area and reduce the
a. demagnetization. possibility of burning the part.
b. proper heat treating. b. Because they help heat metal, thus facilitating
c. the deposition of weld metal. magnetic induction.
d. interpretation and evaluation of indications. c. To increase the contact area and flux density.
B.397 d. Because of their low melting points.
B.120
3. An interruption in the normal physical structure or
configuration of a part that produces a magnetic 7. A rough forging that has received no further
particle testing indication is called: processing is magnetic particle tested. An indication
is observed to run in every direction and appears to
a. a defect. extend deeply into the part and perpendicular to the
b. an indication. surface. It is very sharp. What is the probable identity
c. a deformation. of the indication?
d. a discontinuity.
B.216-217, 379 a. Forging burst.
b. Flake.
4. Comparing parts that have been circularly c. Seam.
magnetized and those that have been longitudinally d. Lap.
magnetized, which retain the most objectionable A.115-116; B.78
residual field if not demagnetized?
8. A gear with case-hardened ground teeth and hub
a. Circular. ends is magnetic particle tested. Individual
b. Vectored. indications are detected on five teeth and one end
c. Remnant. surface of the hub. The indications do not break over
d. Longitudinal. the part edges. What is the probable identity of the
B.280 indication?

a. Grinding cracks.
b. Quench cracks.
c. Inclusions.
d. Porosity.
A.124-125; B.79

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l level ii

9. Points on a piece where the magnetic flux lines enter 14. Internal splines and holes drilled parallel to, or near,
and leave the piece are called: test surfaces will cause:

a. magnetic domains. a. sharp, well-defined indications directly aligned

b. magnetographs. with the part’s internal contours.
c. magnetic poles. b. broad, fuzzy indications directly aligned with the
d. magnetic particles. part’s internal contours.
C.5 c. distinct indications not aligned with any internal
contours.
10. A prime consideration when selecting a powder to be d. no indications.
used as a magnetic particle medium is to select a B. 217
powder that:
15. A limitation of coil magnetization techniques is that:
a. will adhere to the surface being tested.
b. provides a low contrast to the surface being a. regardless of part size, the part cannot be painted.
tested. b. the coil must be of maximum diameter in relation
c. provides a high contrast to the surface being to part.
tested. c. the effective field is generally limited on either
d. requires a high demagnetization current to side of the coil.
remove it. d. small diameter parts must be placed close to the
B.180 center of the coil.
A.64
11. When testing for fine shallow surface cracks, the
preferred magnetic particle test method should be: 16. Which of the following casting discontinuities is
caused by nonuniform cooling resulting in stresses
a. dry alternating current. that rupture the surface of the metal?
b. dry direct current.
c. wet alternating current. a. Hot tears.
d. wet direct current. b. Porosity.
B.57, 63 c. Dross.
d. Shrinkage.
12. Which of the following is an advantage of the dry B.78
technique over the wet technique?
17. Another term for residual magnetism is:
a. It is more sensitive to fine surface cracks.
b. It is easier to use for field inspection with a. permeability.
portable equipment. b. remanence.
c. It is faster than the wet technique when testing a c. coercive force.
number of small parts. d. hysteresis.
d. It is more capable of providing full surface C.9
coverage on irregularly shaped parts.
B.63 18. A desirable property of magnetic particles used for
either the dry or wet technique is that they:
13. When testing a bar with a length-to-diameter ratio of
4 in a 10-turn coil, the required current would be: a. be toxic.
b. be nonferromagnetic.
a. 45 000 A. c. possess high retentivity.
b. 18 000 A. d. possess high permeability.
c. 1125 A. B.179, 184
d. 11250 A.
A.74

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 Review Questions

19. Which of the following wave patterns depicts the 20. Applying current directly through a material
wave form of three-phase full-wave rectified direct produces:
current?
a. no magnetic field in the material.
A.47 B.58 b. a parallel magnetic field in the material.
c. a longitudinal magnetic field in the material.
d. a circular magnetic field in the material.
C.16
+
21. When adding concentrate in paste form to any wet
Mean DC magnetic particle suspension liquid, it is common
Volts practice to:
Current

Time a. add the paste directly to the suspension liquid.

11Cycle
cycle b. change the entire bath after thoroughly cleaning
the system.
(a) c. make a small, slurry-like test mixture of paste and
- suspension and add directly to the bath.
d. mix paste in a small container with suspension to
+ the required bath strength and add directly to the
bath.
A.100
Current

22. Which of the following can cause nonrelevant

Time magnetic particle indications?

a. Joints between dissimilar metals.

b. Thread cracks.
(b) - c. Scratches.
d. Burrs.
+ B.216-218

23. External poles at the ends of a part are more likely to

result when using:
Current

Time a. longitudinal magnetization.

b. polarized magnetization.
c. residual magnetization.
d. circular magnetization.
(c) - C.17-18

24. A rough forging discontinuity has the following

+ characteristics: can occur on surface or internally, is
associated with low temperature processing, is often
caused by excessive working and creates cavities
Current

varying in size. How would it be identified?

Time
a. Pipe.
b. Burst.
c. Shrinkage.
(d)
- d. Lamination.
B.78

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l level ii

25. Discontinuities in plate, sheet or strip caused by 29. Half-wave rectified alternating current is used for
internal fissures, inclusions or blowholes in the detection of:
original ingot which, after rolling, are usually flat and
parallel to the outside surface are called: a. surface defects only.
b. subsurface defects only.
a. laps. c. surface and subsurface defects when using dry
b. seams. particles.
c. cracks. d. surface and subsurface defects when using wet
d. laminations. particles.
B.77 B.117

26. Forging laps occur in what relation to the axial 30. Discontinuities found with circular magnetism can
direction of a part? be reliably detected when oriented approximately:

a. They are always found on thermal centerline. a. 45° to 90° to the magnetic field.
b. They are found on the surface of a part at a 90° b. 90° to 180° to the magnetic field.
angle to the long axis. c. 180° to 360° to the magnetic field.
c. They may occur anywhere in the part and always d. 0° to 45° to the magnetic field.
run in the direction of working. C.17
d. They may occur on the surface and may be either
parallel or at a small angle to the surface. 31. Which of the following is the most common current
A.115; B.78 method used for preserving and documenting
magnetic particle indications?
27. The accumulation of particles at a site on the part
surface, collected at and held to the site by the a. Digital photography.
magnetic leakage field, is called: b. Color-tinted tape.
c. Color-tinted lacquer.
a. a defect. d. Hand-drawn sketch.
b. an indication. B.243
c. a discontinuity.
d. magnetic writing. 32. Yokes of solid steel have been used for many years to
A. 6; C.33 indicate transverse cracks. Alternating current yokes
are assembled from laminated transformer sheet to
28. Where particles are attracted to a site on the surface reduce:
of a part by a magnetic leakage field that is caused by
a condition such as a crack, lap, or other condition a. the size of the yoke.
not acceptable to the applicable standards for the b. production costs.
part, then we have: c. the weight of the yoke.
d. eddy current losses.
a. a defect. B.124
b. an indication.
c. a discontinuity. 33. Which one of the following is not a discontinuity that
d. a nonrelevant indication. can be produced by the forging process?
C.33
a. Laps.
b. Bursts.
c. Flakes.
d. Shrinkage.
B.77-78

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 Review Questions

34. Which of the following is a discontinuity commonly 39. A document that covers broad and general
associated with the welding process? information on the testing method is called a:

a. Flakes. a. method.
b. Seams. b. specification.
c. Laminations. c. procedure.
d. Lack of penetration. d. standard.
B.78 C.27

35. Which of these cracks may appear as an irregular, 40. A document that covers the testing of an item or class
checked or scattered pattern of fine lines usually of items is called a:
caused by local overheating?
a. method.
a. Corrosion. b. specification.
b. Crater cracks. c. procedure.
c. Fatigue cracks. d. standard.
d. Grinding cracks. C.27
A.124-125; B.79
41. A document that states the exact steps to perform
36. Which of the following is not considered an magnetic particle testing on a particular part is
in-service discontinuity? called a:

a. Fatigue crack. a. method.

b. Creep crack. b. specification.
c. Cooling crack. c. procedure.
d. Stress corrosion crack. d. standard.
A.29-30; 127-133 C.27

37. If a copper conductor is placed through a ferrous 42. The most common failure mechanism associated
cylinder and a current is passed through the with in-service parts with pores, notches, keyways
conductor, then the circular magnetic field will be: and tooling marks is:

a. at the ends of the cylinder only. a. shrinkage.

b. throughout the cylinder. b. crystallization.
c. at the ends of the conductor only. c. decarburization.
d. throughout the conductor only. d. fatigue cracking.
A.68 A.128; B.316

38. The technique where a test object is magnetized first 43. When it is believed that a discontinuity has been
and particles applied after the magnetizing current removed by a grinding operation, the next operation
has been stopped is called the: is to:

a. dry technique. a. repair it.

b. wet technique. b. sign off inspection of the part.
c. continuous technique. c. measure it to see if minimum thickness remains.
d. residual technique. d. re-examine the area by magnetic particle testing.
B.63 B.313

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l level ii

44. When using the wet fluorescent technique, which of 49. Materials which are strongly attracted to a magnet
the test variables is the major factor determining the are called:
quality of the indication obtained?
a. polarized.
a. Bath strength. b. magnetized.
b. Type of current to be used. c. nonmagnetic.
c. Current/suspension application. d. ferromagnetic.
d. Lighting condition. B.45, 380
A.97
50. Materials which are weakly attracted magnetically are
45. During a magnetic particle test, nonrelevant called:
indications due to residual local poles are noted to be
interfering with the magnetic particle testing. For a a. diamagnetic.
successful examination one should: b. nonmagnetic.
c. paramagnetic.
a. use more amperage. d. ferromagnetic.
b. use lower amperage. B.45, 385
c. magnetize in another direction.
d. demagnetize then remagnetize in the desired 51. Materials which are repelled magnetically are called:
direction.
B.279 a. diamagnetic.
b. nonmagnetic.
46. Knowledge of the history of an in-service part: c. paramagnetic.
d. ferromagnetic.
a. is rarely important. B.45, 379
b. can be vital.
c. should not be discussed. 52. The end of a magnet at which the lines of flux are
d. cannot affect subsequent inspections. thought of as entering the bar is the:
C.36-37
a. north pole.
47. The unit of measure of one line of flux per square b. south pole.
centimeter of area is one: c. positive pole.
d. negative pole.
a. ohm. B.44
b. gauss.
c. ampere. 53. The residual technique is used with:
d. oersted.
B.381 a. materials with low retentivity.
b. only dry magnetic particles.
48. The ability of matter to attract ferromagnetic c. only wet magnetic particles.
materials to itself is a phenomenon associated with: d. longitudinal and circular magnetization
techniques.
a. magnetism. A.53-55
b. field strength.
c. pole strength. 54. The general term used to refer to a break in the
d. coercive force. metallic continuity of the part being tested is:
B.44
a. discontinuity.
b. crack.
c. seam.
d. lap.
C.33, 50

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 Review Questions

55. The pattern of iron powder sprinkled on a paper 61. The parts are blanks cut from rolled iron bar stock
placed over a bar magnet is called a: and have been rough machined. Inspection by
continuous technique reveals distinct but broken
a. flux meter. lines parallel (6.35 mm to 25 mm) (0.25 in. to 1 in.)
b. field survey. with the axis on some of the pieces. These indications
c. magnetometer. are indicative of:
d. magnetograph.
C.5 a. shrinkage.
b. nonmetallic inclusions.
56. The lines of force that form a path around a crack in c. surface checking.
a ring magnet are called: d. machining tears.
B.76, 299-300
a. flux leakage.
b. field strength. 62. A large forging is repaired by welding. Magnetic
c. magnetic lines. particle inspection of the repair weld reveals a sharp
d. longitudinal field. irregular indication running parallel with the weld
B.47 passes. It is located near the center of the bead and
starts and ends by turning off slightly from the axial
57. Since the magnetic lines of force within a bar magnet direction. This indication is indicative of:
run the length of the bar, it is said to be:
a. inclusions.
a. randomly magnetized. b. crater cracks.
b. circularly magnetized. c. surface checking.
c. permanently magnetized. d. weld shrinkage cracks.
d. longitudinally magnetized. B.305-307
B.47
63. The wattage most commonly used for mercury-vapor
58. Lines of flux are thought to leave a magnet at the: bulbs for portable fluorescent magnetic particle
inspection is:
a. north pole.
b. south pole. a. 50 W.
c. positive pole. b. 75 W.
d. negative pole. c. 100 W.
B.44 d. 200 W.
B.227
59. Which of the following is not considered an inherent
discontinuity? 64. An example of a nonrelevant indication that would
be classed as a magnetic discontinuity rather than an
a. Ingot pipe. actual discontinuity could be caused by:
b. Ingot crack.
c. Fatigue crack. a. corrosion.
d. Blow hole. b. a slag pocket.
A.29, 109-113 c. grinding cracks.
d. a known abrupt change in the hardness of the
60. In order to detect defects in different directions in a part.
material by magnetic particle inspection, it is best to B.217
use:

a. only one field.

b. other probe locations.
c. a high frequency field.
d. two or more fields in different directions.
B.65

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l level ii

65. The detection of deep-lying internal defects in heavy 70. At the curie point, steel is temporarily transformed
steel weldments at a depth of 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) to from:
51 mm (2 in.) below surface is:
a. paramagnetic to diamagnetic.
a. very improbable. b. ferromagnetic to diamagnetic.
b. very similar to the detection of surface cracks. c. paramagnetic to ferromagnetic.
c. simple if the defect’s width can be approximated. d. ferromagnetic to paramagnetic.
d. not difficult if the defect is attributable to fine B.279
porosity.
B.216 71. Magnetic field strength is measured in:

66. In magnetic particle inspection, it is best to: a. tesla.

b. gauss.
a. make sure that parts meet specified acceptance c. webers/m2.
criteria. d. ampere/meter.
b. reinspect all questionable discontinuities to B.36
ensure that no defective parts are accepted.
c. reinspect questionable parts using another 72. The following types of discontinuities can be found
nondestructive test method. in an object’s subsurface except:
d. make certain that parts are better than specified
and contain no discontinuities at all. a. pipe.
A.109 b. hot tears.
c. cold shut.
67. Subjecting a magnetized object to a magnetic force d. segregation.
that is continually reversing its direction and B.78, 301
gradually decreasing in intensity is know as:
73. Which one of following materials has permeability
a. magnetization. much greater than that of air?
b. continuous technique.
c. residual technique. a. Permeability material.
d. demagnetization technique. b. Diamagnetic material.
B.278 c. Paramagnetic material.
d. Ferromagnetic material.
68. Any of these welding processes is susceptible to a B.45
discontinuity known as slag inclusion except:
74. As a magnet, the Earth is surrounded by magnetic
a. flux cored arc welding. lines of force. These lines of force make up what is
b. submerged arc welding. sometimes called Earth field and they can cause
c. gas tungsten arc welding. problems in both magnetizing and demagnetizing.
d. shielded metal arc welding. However Earth field is weak in the order of:
B.310
a. 0.03 mT (0.3 G).
69. Which of the following induces a longitudinal b. 0.003 mT (0.03 G).
magnetic field? c. 0.0003 mT (0.003 G).
d. 0.3 mT (3.0 G).
a. Prod. B.45
b. Yoke.
c. Head shot.
d. Internal conductor.
B.122

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 Review Questions

75. A hysteresis curve describes the relation between: 78. One disadvantage of using a single-phase magnetic
particle unit at current input values over 600 A, in
a. magnetizing force and flux density. comparison with a three-phase unit is, the
b. magnetizing force and applied current. single-phase unit will:
c. strength of magnetism and alignment of domains
within material. a. detect only surface discontinuities.
d. magnetic flux density and current generated. b. not detect subsurface discontinuities.
B.54, 382; D.5-6 c. require 1.73 times more input current.
d. require 1.73 times less input current.
76. Demagnetization would most likely be required B.58
when:
79. In longitudinal magnetization of a round bar, residual
a. the material has low retentivity. magnetism will be:
b. the object is to be electric arc welded.
c. the material has low reluctance. a. greatest at the center of bar.
d. heat treatment is to be carried out after testing. b. greatest at the ends of the bar.
B.279 c. the same all over on the bar.
d. the minimum at the ends.
77. One of the disadvantages of half-wave magnetization B.280
is, when demagnetizing the current:
80. Magnetic particles of varying size are used for dry
a. has skin effect. powder and wet techniques. Typically, particle sizes
b. does not reverse. for the wet technique range from:
c. reverses.
d. passes only on the surface. a. 1 to 5 μm.
B.58 b. 5 to 20 μm.
c. 100 to 500 μm.
d. 100 to 1000 μm.
B.70

Answers
1a 2d 3d 4d 5d 6a 7a 8a 9c 10c 11c 12b 13c 14b
15c 16a 17b 18d 19a 20d 21c 22a 23a 24b 25d 26d 27b 28a
29c 30a 31a 32d 33d 34d 35d 36c 37b 38d 39d 40b 41c 42d
43d 44a 45d 46b 47b 48a 49d 50c 51a 52b 53d 54a 55d 56a
57d 58a 59c 60d 61b 62d 63c 64d 65a 66a 67d 68c 69b 70d
71d 72b 73d 74a 75a 76b 77b 78c 79b 80b

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LEVEL III
Review Questions

1. The magnetic domains in a permanent magnet are 4. Which of the following statements is not a valid
aligned in: reason for demagnetizing a part after completing a
magnetic particle test?
a. fixed positions with directions that cancel out.
b. fixed positions, predominantly in one direction. a. Residual magnetism can disturb the welding arc
c. the same direction as the metal’s grain structure. path on parts to be welded.
d. a random position and may become aligned to b. Residual magnetism may attract chips or small
attract a magnetic material. particles in-service, causing galling or mechanical
A. 4; D.4 wear.
c. Residual magnetism could interfere with the
2. Any material with a negative relative permeability operation or accuracy of instruments placed on or
that is slightly less than one is: near the part during service.
d. If the part is to be radiographed after magnetic
a. ferromagnetic. particle inspection, residual magnetism may
b. diamagnetic. interfere with the electromagnetic radiation
c. paramagnetic. spectrum.
d. nonmagnetic. B.278-279
D.3
5. Subjecting a part to a magnetic field that is constantly
3. Gas, hot tears, cold shuts, shrinkage cracks and sand reversing in polarity and gradually diminishing in
inclusions are examples of defects resulting from strength accomplishes which of the following:
which of the following processes?
a. magnetizes the part.
a. Forging. b. demagnetizes the part.
b. Grinding. c. helps to locate deep-lying defects.
c. Casting. d. increases the strength of the retained magnetic
d. Heat treatment. field.
B.78, 298-300 B.283

6. The concentration of the solid content in suspension

of magnetic particles is measured by:

a. weighing the suspension.

b. soaking the solids in benzol.
c. measuring the pull on a magnet.
d. permitting the solids to settle out of suspension.
D.80

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l level iii

7. An important factor that must be considered when 12. When an external magnetizing force is removed,
selecting a method of magnetization is the: some of the magnetic domains remain preferentially
oriented. The additional force required to return
a. part’s curie point. them to their original random orientation is
b. the location of the inspection station. commonly referred to as:
c. location of the inspection unit.
d. alloy, shape and condition of the part. a. coercive force.
B.116 b. applied field force.
c. residual field force.
8. When a ferromagnetic material reaches its curie d. direct current electric force.
temperature the material: B.54; D.6

a. is magnetized. 13. When a cylinder is magnetized by a central

b. is demagnetized. conductor, the field is most intense:
c. is destroyed.
d. has no change. a. at the ends of the cylinder.
B.279, 378 b. at the outer surface of the cylinder.
c. at the inside surface of the cylinder.
9. Magnetic particle inspection methods on d. halfway through the thickness of the cylinder
ferromagnetic materials are recognized as superior to wall.
liquid penetrant techniques when: D.19

a. the surface is plated. 14. When is the magnetic field strongest in an object
b. the parts are painted. being inspected by the magnetic particle method?
c. the surface is anodized.
d. dry particles are used for fine surface cracks. a. While the magnetizing current is applied.
B.369 b. Just after the magnetizing current is shut off.
c. When the magnetic particle powder is applied.
10. A paramagnetic material: d. Just prior to current reversal when using
alternating current.
a. is highly magnetic. B.54; D.6
b. is slightly magnetic.
c. has no magnetic properties at all. 15. Which of the demagnetization techniques listed is
d. has a demonstrated lack of electron mobility. most effective?
B.44; D.3
a. Full-wave rectified.
11. Which of the following will reduce a magnetic field? b. Half-wave rectified alternating current.
c. Direct current with reversing and step-down
a. Move the direct current coil closer to the part. control.
b. Reduce the current in only one direction. d. Variable voltage alternating current with
c. Move the alternating current coil farther away step-down control.
from the part. B.287-288; D.58
d. Move the part toward the inner surface of the
coil. 16. When using the longitudinal magnetization
B.284; D.58 technique to inspect a bar 152 mm (6 in.) long and
51 mm (2 in.) in diameter with a 5-turn coil, which
of the following amperage values should be used?

a. 1200 A
b. 3000 A
c. 12 000 A
d. 2000 amp-turns
D.20; E.19

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 Review Questions

17. To examine a part 127 mm (5 in.) long and 51 mm 20. If the same amperage is passed through a 25 mm
(2 in.) in diameter using a 5-turn coil and headstock (1 in.) diameter bar and a 51 mm (2 in.) diameter bar
magnetic particle machine, what amperage should be of the same length and material, the strength of the
used for longitudinal magnetization? magnetic field at the center of:

a. 3000 A a. both bars will be 0.

b. 3600 A b. the 25 mm (1 in.) bar will be one-half that of the
c. 4500 A 51 mm (2 in.) bar.
d. 10 000 ampere-turns c. the 51 mm (2 in.) bar will be one-half that of the
D.20; E.19 25 mm (1 in.) bar.
d. the 25 mm (1 in.) bar will be approximately
18. To examine a bar 381 mm (15 in.) long and 51 mm one-fourth that of the 51 mm (2 in.) bar.
(2 in.) in diameter, what amperage should be used on D.22-23
a stationary magnetic particle machine to create a
direct circular magnetic field? 21. When a magnetic field is induced in a part with
prods spaced 152 mm (6 in.) apart, the field is a:
a. 750 A
b. 1800 A a. circular field.
c. 1800 ampere-turns b. residual field.
d. 49 000 ampere-turns c. solenoid field.
D.19 d. longitudinal field.
B.53, 112-113; D.29
19. If the same amperage is passed through a 25 mm and
51 mm (1 in. and a 2 in.) diameter bar of the same 22. When circular magnetization is used to detect
length and material, the strength of the magnetic subsurface discontinuities, direct current is used
field at the surface: instead of alternating current because:

a. will be the same for both bars.
b. of the 25 mm (1 in.) bar will be one-half that of
the 51 mm (2 in.) bar.
c. of the 25 mm (1 in.) bar will be approximately
twice that of the 51 mm (2 in.) bar.
d. of the 51 mm (2 in.) bar will be approximately
four times that of the 25 mm (1 in.) bar.
D.22-23
a. particle mobility is no longer a factor.
b. there is no logical reason to use direct current
instead of alternating current.
c. direct current saturates the magnetic particles
better than alternating current.
d. the skin effect of alternating current reduces the
maximum depth at which discontinuities can be
found.
B.57, 116-119

23. An inspection technique in which an initial

magnetizing force is applied to a part and then
reduced to a lower continuous value is called the:

a. surge technique.
b. residual technique.
c. multivector technique.
d. continuous technique.
B.32-33

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l level iii

B+ (Flux Density)

Material I B Material II
C

D
A
H- H+
(– Magnetizing Force) (+ Magnetizing Force)

B–
(Flux Density of Opposite Polarity to B+)

Figure 1: Hysteresis curve.

24. Which of the statements below is most appropriate 27. Point B on the hysteresis curve for Material I shown
concerning Materials I and II represented by the in Figure 1:
hysteresis curves shown in Figure 1?
a. is the limit of coercive force.
a. Material I has a lower coercivity than Material II. b. is the material’s magnetic saturation point.
b. Material I has a lower retentivity than Material II. c. represents the mid-point of the rectified
c. Material II has a lower retentivity than Material I. alternating current applied.
d. Material II has a higher coercivity than Material I. d. represents the point at which the residual
D.5-6 magnetic value will remain when the magnetizing
current is removed.
25. Considering the curves shown in Figure 1, Material II D.5-6
in comparison to Material I indicates that the
material: 28. When deciding to inspect a part by the residual
technique of applying the particles, what factor affects
a. has a high retentivity. the residual magnetic field strength of the part?
b. has a high permeability.
c. has a high coercive force. a. The retentivity of the part.
d. would make an excellent permanent magnet. b. The part’s magnetic field saturation point.
D.5-6 c. The direction of the magnetic field in the part.
d. The type of field indicator used to measure the
26. Which point on the hysteresis curve shown in residual field.
Figure 1 represents the residual field value? B.63-64; D.54

a. A 29. Factors that must be considered when interpreting an

b. B indication are the:
c. C
d. E a. direction of the magnetic field and location of the
D.5-6 magnetic particle unit.
b. location of the magnetic particle unit and the
nondestructive testing level of the inspector.
c. orientation and shape of the indication and the
direction of the magnetic field.
d. strength of the leakage field at the indication and
the type of demagnetization technique.
B.216-218; D.65-69

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 Review Questions

30. A 7-turn coil at 1000 A is used to inspect a round 35. Which of the following discontinuities occur as a
solid part 381 mm (15 in.) long and 64 mm (2.5 in.) result of the rolling process?
in diameter. The length-to-diameter ratio is:
a. Fissures.
a. 2.14. b. Laminations.
b. 6.0. c. Lack of penetration.
c. 7000 amp-turns. d. Blowholes and pipe.
d. 45 000 amp-turns. B.77
D.20; E.19
36. Which of the following discontinuities occur as a
31. Which of the following, when used as the last result of the forging process?
magnetizing technique, will best render a part
suitable for relatively easy measurement of the a. Pipe.
external magnetic field using a field indicator? b. Laps.
c. Laminations.
a. Probe magnetization. d. Lack of penetration.
b. Circular magnetization. B.78
c. Longitudinal magnetization.
d. Central bar conductor magnetization. 37. The continuous technique provides the most
B.280-281 sensitivity because flux density:

32. When using direct current an indication is detected. a. is lowest while the current is being applied.
What is the next logical step to determine if the b. is highest while the current is being applied.
indication results from a surface or subsurface c. does not change while the current is being
condition? applied.
d. is not a factor.
a. Reinspect using alternating current. D.54
b. Reinspect at higher amperage.
c. Demagnetize and apply powder. 38. Which one of the following is not considered a
d. Reinspect using the residual technique. surface coating that can affect the sensitivity of
B.57; D.13 magnetic particle testing?

33. With dry particles, particle mobility is: a. Plating.

b. Paint.
a. advantageous. c. Furring.
b. harmful. d. Cladding.
c. unnecessary. D.59, 101
d. impossible.
D.53 39. The magnetic lines of flux in a permanent magnet:

34. The least important factor below that should be a. in all cases produce a longitudinal field.
considered when selecting a technique of b. enter the south pole and leave the north pole.
magnetization to detect subsurface discontinuities is: c. flow from the north pole through the magnet to
the south pole.
a. available equipment. d. change direction 60 times a second with the
b. configuration of the part. magnetizing current.
c. cost of the equipment. B.44
d. type of materials the part is made from.
B.216; D.1

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l level iii

40. Which of the following magnetization techniques is 45. When a magnetized ferromagnetic object is exposed
not recommended for magnetic particle testing? to a subsequent heating operation above the curie
point:
a. Vector magnetization.
b. Parallel magnetization. a. the marten site structure will occur.
c. Circular magnetization. b. the magnetic domains become random.
d. Longitudinal magnetization. c. there is no change from its previous state.
B.121 d. the magnetic domains are reversed from their
previous state.
41. When attempting to demagnetize a part containing a B.278
circular residual field:
46. A discontinuity caused by a welding operation is:
a. use a swinging cyclic field.
b. consideration of the material’s hysteresis is most a. creep crack.
important. b. segregation.
c. establish a longitudinal field and then proceed c. machining tear.
with demagnetization. d. lamellar tearing.
d. using half-wave current with a head shot setup B.307
and step-down magnetization will ensure
complete removal of the residual field. 47. The most effective current to be used with dry
B.281 magnetic particle is:

42. An instrument used to measure the amount of a. direct current.

retained magnetism is: b. half-wave rectified alternating current.
c. full-wave rectified alternating current with
a. a magnetic field strength indicator. three-phase bridge circuitry.
b. UV meter. d. full-wave rectified alternating current with
c. settling test. single-phase bridge circuitry.
d. pie gage. B.117
D.35, 59, 102
48. The following properties should be considered in
43. The best shape for magnetic particles used in the dry choosing a vehicle for the wet technique, except:
powder technique is:
a. capillarity.
a. globular. b. corrosivity.
b. elongated. c. wetting ability.
c. long and slender. d. foaming ability.
d. a mixture of elongated and globular. B.186-187
B.179
49. The amount of light reflected by one surface
44. When two magnetized parts are rubbed together, a compared to that reflected by another adjacent
local difference in polarity at the points of contact surface is:
can form an indication called:
a. length-to-diameter ratio.
a. undercutting. b. B/H ratio.
b. fatigue cracking. c. color contrast.
c. porosity. d. brightness contrast.
d. magnetic writing. B.212
D.65-69

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 Review Questions

50. Given a certain continuous magnetization current in 54. Prod spacing less than 76.2 mm (3 in.) is usually not
a material, which type of current would give the practical because:
deepest penetration?
a. the possibility of sparking will increase.
a. Direct current. b. more time will be consumed for inspection.
b. Alternating current. c. it requires more media than a 152 mm (6 in.)
c. Direct current surge. prod distance.
d. Half-wave direct current. d. particles tend to bend around the prod making
B.119 interpretation difficult.
B.113
51. Given a certain continuous magnetization current in
a material, which type of current would give the 55. One of most important facts that must be
shallowest penetration? remembered while establishing magnetic particle
procedure is:
a. Direct current.
b. Alternating current. a. the magnetic field follows the path of greatest
c. Direct current surge. reluctance.
d. Half-wave direct current. b. coil shot, wet technique provides only surface
B.119 discontinuities.
c. the head shot wet technique is better for detecting
52. Which type of radiation can most damage human subsurface discontinuities.
tissue? d. in most cases the continuous technique is more
sensitive than is the residual technique.
a. UV-A. B.64
b. UV-B.
c. White light. 56. Which one of the following magnetic particle testing
d. Visible light. techniques is logically acceptable for testing a large
B.24 flat area?

53. Compared with magnetic particle testing, liquid a. Prod inspection.

penetrant testing is not as reliable after paint removal b. Rod shot inspection.
from weld because: c. Coil shot inspection.
d. Head shot inspection.
a. liquid penetrant testing can be applied only to B.120
small parts.
b. liquid penetrant testing can be applied only in 57. Permeability of a material can be numerically written
field conditions. as:
c. magnetic particle testing will detect subsurface
discontinuities. a. RIB.
d. partial smearing of weld surface metal across the b. B/H.
discontinuity opening can occur. c. Hc/Hb.
B.369 d. ampere turns/number of turns.
B.56

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Magnetic Particle Testing Method l level iii

58. One disadvantage for using undyed wet magnetic 59. One of most desirable characteristics of the media for
particles is: magnetic particle testing is:

a. it is more costly. a. the ability to show clearly against any

b. it is suitable for the fluorescent technique only. background.
c. it is suitable for surface discontinuity detection b. the insensitiveness to concentration in water as
only. vehicle.
d. the lack of contrasting color makes them difficult c. no need for agitation when used with liquid
to see. vehicle.
B.61 d. the highest possible permeability and lowest
retentivity.
B.60

Answers
1b 2b 3c 4d 5b 6d 7d 8b 9b 10b 11c 12a 13c 14a
15c 16b 17b 18b 19c 20a 21a 22d 23a 24c 25b 26c 27b 28a
29c 30b 31c 32a 33a 34c 35b 36b 37b 38c 39b 40b 41c 42a
43d 44d 45b 46d 47b 48a 49d 50d 51b 52b 53d 54d 55d 56a
57b 58d 59d

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The American Society for Catalog Number: 2027
Nondestructive Testing, Inc. @seismicisolation
@seismicisolation ISBN: 978-1-57117-321-8