1E

MODERN
INDIAN HISTORY
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
 PMF IAS Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of Events

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of January ............................................................................................... 2

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of February ............................................................................................. 3

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of March ................................................................................................. 5

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of April .................................................................................................... 7

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of May .................................................................................................... 9

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of June .................................................................................................. 11

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of July ................................................................................................... 12

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of August .............................................................................................. 14

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of September ........................................................................................ 16

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of October ............................................................................................. 18

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of November ......................................................................................... 19

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of December ......................................................................................... 21

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Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of January

1 January  Elphinstone Code was effective from 1 January 1827 in the Bombay Presidency.
 On January 1, 1848, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule started India’s first
school for girls at Bhide Wada in Pune.
 The Viceroy, Lord Lytton, held an Imperial Assemblage at Delhi on 1st January 1877.
 The British annexed Burma on January 1, 1886.
2 January
3 January  Savitribai Phule, one of the first female teachers in India, was born on 3 January
1831.
4 January  The Congress revived the civil disobedience movement on 4 January 1932.
 Burma won its independence on 4 January 1948.
5 January  Barindra Kumar Ghosh, a member of the Yugantar group, was born on 5 January
1880.
6 January  Balshastri Jambhekar started Bombay Durpun, the first Marathi newspaper, on 6
January 1832.
7 January
8 January  Keshub Chandra Sen, a social reformer, died on 8 January 1884.
9 January  On 9 January 1915, Gandhi returned to India by SS Arabia from South Africa via
London.
10 January  10 January is celebrated as World Hindi Day.
11 January  Shahu Maharaj founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in Kolhapur on January 11,
1911, with Bhaskarrao Jadhav as the president.
12 January  Surya Sen was hanged on 12 January 1934.
13 January  On 13 January 1779, the Marathas defeated the British forces at Talegaon-
Wadgaon (near Pune).
14 January  The Third Battle of Panipat was fought between the Maratha and Abdali at Panipat
on 14 January 1761.
15 January
16 January  On 16 January 1901, Justice Ranade passed away in Pune.
17 January
18 January  Mahadev Govind Ranade (Justice Ranade), an Indian scholar, social reformer,
judge, author and one of the founding members of the INC was born in Niphad,
Nashik, in Maharashtra on January 18, 1842.
19 January
20 January  Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the founder of the Khudai Khidmatgar, died on 20 January
1988.
21 January  Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out from Assam.
22 January  The Battle of Wandiwash was fought on 22 January 1760 between the French and
the British. In the end, the English under General Eyre Coote defeated Lally.
23 January  Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack, Odisha.
24 January  'Jana Gana Mana' was declared the national anthem on January 24, 1950.
 On 24 January 1950, 284 members of the Constituent Assembly signed the Indian
Constitution.
25 January  On 25 January 1931, the Viceroy announced the unconditional release of Gandhiji
and all the other members of the Congress Working Committee (CWC).
26 January  “Independence Day” was observed on 26 January 1930 all over the country.
 Rani Gaidinliu, a spiritual and political leader of the Rongmei tribe, was born on
January 26, 1915, in Manipur.
 The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950.
 The Supreme Court of India came into existence on 26th January 1950 at the Par-
liament House.
27 January
28 January  Lala Lajpat Rai (Lalaji) was born on 28 January 1865 in the Ludhiana District of Pun-
jab.
 The inaugural session of the Supreme Court of India was held on 28th January 1950
in the Chamber of Princes.
29 January  On January 29, 1780, James Augustus Hickey started a weekly magazine, the Ben-
gal Gazette (Calcutta General Advertiser).
30 January  On 30 January 1948, M. K. Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse.
31 January  On 31st January 1930, Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands.
Gandhi stated that if the demands were not fulfilled by 11 March, the Congress
would launch a civil disobedience campaign.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of February

1 February  On 1 February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi sent an ultimatum to the viceroy that he would
start mass civil disobedience, including non-payment of taxes, if within seven days.
2 February
3 February  On 3 February 1928, the Simon Commission reached Bombay. The commission was
greeted with hartals and black-flag demonstrations under the slogan Simon Go Back.
4 February  The INA reached the Arakan front on 4 February 1944 and marched towards their
Motherland with the "Chalo Delhi" clarion call on their lips.
 On 4 February 1916, Gandhiji lectured at Benaras Hindu University.
5 February  On 5 February 1922, a Congress procession of 3,000 peasants at Chauri Chaura was
fired upon by the police. The angry crowd attacked and burnt the police station, caus-
ing the death of 22 policemen.
6 February  On 6 February 1932, Bina Das attempted to assassinate Bengal Governor Stanley Jack-
son while receiving her degree at convocation. She fired five shots but failed.
7 February
8 February  Sher Ali Afridi (Indian soldier) assassinated Lord Mayo, the Viceroy of India, on 8
February 1872.
9 February  The Treaty of Alinagar was signed on February 9, 1757, between Bengal’s Nawab Siraj
ud Daula and the English EIC.
10 February  On 10th February 1943, Gandhi started his fast 21 days fast in Aga Khan Palace to pro-
test the government's claim that Congress was responsible for the violence following
the Quit India resolution.
11 February  Harijan, the weekly paper, was started on 11 February 1933.
12 February  The Congress Working Committee (CWC) met at Bardoli in Gujarat on 12 February
1922 and passed a resolution stopping all activities which would lead to the breaking
of laws.
13 February  The armies of Nadir Shah and Muhammad Shah met at Karnal (Haryana) on 13 Feb-
ruary 1739.
14 February  Gandhiji initiated a talk with the Viceroy Irwin on 14 February 1931, which culminated
on 5 March in the Delhi Pact, popularly known as the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
15 February  Inspired by the Ghadar Party, on 15 February 1915, 700 men of the 5th Light Infantry
at Singapore revolted under the leadership of Jamadar Chisti Khan and Subedar Dun-
dey Khan.
16 February  Under the Act of 1892, Members were, for the first time, granted the privilege of asking
questions. The Maharaja of Bhinga asked the first question on February 16th, 1893.
17 February  On 17 February 1843, in the Battle of Miani, the British forces under Sir Charles Napier
defeated the Amir and conquered the Sindh.
 On the night of February 17, the ratings of "HMIS Talwar" in Bombay Harbour refused
to eat dinner, as the meal served to them was watery and full of small-sized stones.
18 February  RIN Mutiny: On 18 February 1946, the "HMIS Talwar" ratings in Bombay Harbour went
on strike to protest against bad food and racial arrogance.
19 February  On 19th February 1946, Clement Attlee announced in the House of Commons the
decision to dispatch the Cabinet Mission.
20 February  On February 20, 1947, the British Prime Minister, Clement Atlee, announced that the
British would withdraw from India by June 30, 1948. A plebiscite was held in Juna-
gadh on February 20, 1948, and 91% of the voters chose to join India.
21 February  21 February 1915 was fixed as the date for an all-India revolt by Ghadarites.
22 February  Kasturba Gandhi died at the Aga Khan Palace in Poona on 22 February 1944.
23 February  Vallabhbhai Patel and Jinnah jointly persuaded Ratings to surrender on 23 February
and thus ended the RIN revolt.
24 February  The Treaty of Yandabo, signed between the British and Burma on 24 February 1826,
ended the First Anglo-Burmese War.
 Gandhiji formed a Satyagraha Sabha on 24th February 1919 in Bombay to protest
against the Rowlatt Bills.
25 February  On February 25, 1920, Mahatma Gandhi formally founded the Ahmedabad Textile
Labour Association (Majoor Mahajan Sangh).
26 February  V. D. Savarkar passed away in Mumbai on February 26, 1966.
27 February  The Treaty of Burhanpur was signed on 27 February 1804, in which Scindia agreed to
enter into a subsidiary alliance with the British.
 Chandrashekar Azad died on 27 February 1931 in an encounter with the police in a
public park at Allahabad.
28 February  During his stay at Madanapalle, Rabindranath Tagore translated 'Jana Gana Mana' into
English as ‘Morning Song of India’ on February 28, 1919.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of March

1 March  In his speech in a Punjab assembly on 1 March 1941, Sikandar Hayat Khan, the leader of
the Unionist Party, declared that he was opposed to a Pakistan that would mean “Muslim
Raj here and Hindu Raj elsewhere.”
2 March
3 March  Jamsetji Tata, an Indian philanthropist and entrepreneur, was born on March 3, 1839.
4 March
5 March  The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931.
6 March
7 March  Govind Ballabh Pant, an Indian freedom fighter and the first chief minister of Uttar Pra-
desh, died on 7 March 1961.
8 March  The Congress Working Committee passed a resolution on 8 March, stating that if the
country were partitioned, the provinces of Punjab and Bengal would also be partitioned.
9 March  The Treaty of Lahore was signed between the British and Sikh on March 9, 1846.
10 March  The government arrested Mahatma Gandhi on 10 March 1922 and charged him with
spreading disaffection against the Government.
11 March  Anandi Gopal Joshi earned her medical degree on March 11, 1886, from the Women’s
Medical College of Pennsylvania and became India's first female doctor.
12 March  On March 12, 1930, Gandhi started a Dandi march with 78 followers from Sabarmati
Ashram in Ahmedabad to the coastal town of Dandi (Navsari district) near Surat.
13 March  On March 13, 1940, at Caxton Hall in London, Udham Singh, an Indian freedom fighter,
assassinated Michael O'Dwyer, who endorsed General Dyer's actions and was believed to
have been the main planner.
14 March  The Vernacular Press Act, proposed by Lytton, was unanimously passed by the Viceroy's
Council on 14 March 1878.
15 March  On 15th March 1946, Clement Attlee stated that a "minority will not be allowed to place a
veto on the progress of the majority."
16 March  On March 16, 1846, the Treaty of Amritsar was signed between the British EIC and Ma-
haraja Gulab Singh, which formalised the transfer of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh to Gu-
lab Singh.
 The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, a Muslim-majority state with a Hindu Dogra
ruler, was formed on March 16, 1846.
17 March  The EIC's Court of Directors sent a letter to the Bengal Government on March 17, 1769,
directing the discouragement of silk manufacturing in Bengal.
 The Viceroy of India, Lord Lansdowne, and the Chinese Amban in Tibet, Sheng Tai, signed
the Anglo-Chinese Agreement on 17 March 1890 in Calcutta, India.
18 March  The INA (Azad Hind Fauj) crossed the Burma border on 18 March 1944 and, for the first
time, stood on the soil of India.
19 March
20 March  On March 20, 1858, Rani Avantibai chose to embrace death when surrounded by the
British on all sides.
 On 20 March 1927, Ambedkar led the Mahad March at the Chowdar Tank (District Co-
laba/Raigad) to allow untouchables to use water in a public tank in Mahad.
21 March  21 March is celebrated as the International Day of Forests.
22 March  22 March is celebrated as World Water Day.
23 March  Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were executed on 23 March 1931.
  Pakistan Resolution: On 23 March 1940, the All India Muslim League passed a resolution
in its Lahore session demanding autonomy for the Muslim-majority areas of the subcon-
tinent, encompassing the entire northwestern and northeastern parts.
 Pakistan celebrates 23 March as its National Day.
24 March  The Cabinet Mission arrived in India on 24 March 1946.
25 March
26 March  Independence of Bangladesh was declared on 26 March 1971.
27 March
28 March  The minimum age for voter registration was lowered to 18 years through the 61st
Amendment Act, 1988, of the Constitution. This was effective from 28 March 1989.
29 March  Mangat Pande, a young soldier, was hanged to death on 29 March 1857 for attacking his
officer at Barrackpur.
 On 29 March 1942, Cripps publicly announced the proposal of Cripps Mission.
30 March
31 March  The Prarthana Samaj was established by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang on 31 March 1867.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of April

1 April  Lord Curzon laid the foundation of the Agricultural Research Institute on 1 April
1904.
 The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1, 1935.
2 April  The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was established on 2 April 1870 by M. G. Ranade, G.V.
Joshi (Sarwajanik kaka) and S. H. Chiplunkar.
3 April
4 April  The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created on 4 April 1949 by the
United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective se-
curity against the Soviet Union.
5 April  The Salt March by Gandhi reached Dandi on April 5, 1930.
6 April  Gandhiji called for a mighty hartal on 6 April 1919 against the Rowlatt Act.
 On 6 April 1930, Mahatma Gandhi and his followers broke the Salt Act by producing
salt from seawater.
7 April  On April 7, 1919, Gandhi published an article called Satyagrahi, describing ways to
oppose the Rowlatt Act.
8 April  Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly on 8
April 1929 to protest the passage of the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill.
9 April  Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr Satyapal organised a peaceful protest against the Rowlatt
Act in Amritsar on April 9, 1919.
 On 9 April 1930, Gandhi collected the salt granules along with Mithuben Petit at
Bhimrad on the Gujarat coast.
10 April  On 10 April 1917, Gandhiji arrived in Champaran.
11 April  Mahatma Phule was born on April 11, 1827, in the Satara district, Maharashtra.
 Trade Disputes Act was passed on 11 April 1929.
12 April  The Kirti Kisan Party (KKP) was founded on 12 April 1928 at Jalianwala Bagh in Am-
ritsar, Punjab, to mobilise the peasants and labourers of the region.
13 April  Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: On 13 April 1919, a large crowd gathered in the Jalli-
anwala Bagh to celebrate the Baisakhi festival. General Dyer surrounded the Bagh
(garden) with his army unit and fired on the crowd.
 On 13 April 1929, the Viceroy announced the Public Safety Ordinance to deport sub-
versive elements.
14 April  Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was born on 14 April 1891 in Mhow (Madhya Pradesh).
 Indian National Army crossed the Indian frontier, and on 14 April 1944, Colonel
Shaukat Malik, the Subash Regiment, hoisted the Tricolour for the first time in
Moirang, Manipur.
15 April  Tantia Tope was hanged on 15 April 1859.
16 April  The first train in India ran between Boribunder (in Bombay) and Thane on April 16,
1853.
17 April  The First Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952.
18 April  Gandhiji withdrew the Rowlatt Satyagraha on April 18, 1919.
 On 18 April 1930, Surya Sen led an armed raid on the government armoury in Chitta-
gong.
19 April
20 April
21 April
22 April
23 April  Pandita Ramabai was born on April 23, 1858, as Ramabai Dongre into a Chitpavan
Brahmin family in present-day Karnataka.
 On 23 April 1930, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was arrested in Peshawar during protests
arising out of the Salt Satyagraha.
24 April  On 24 April 1857, 90 men of the 3rd Native Cavalry in Meerut refused to do the army
drill using the new cartridges, suspected of being coated with cow and pig fat.
25 April  Warren Hastings signed an Anglo-Bhutanese Treaty on April 25, 1774, to end the
hostilities and establish friendly relations with Bhutan.
26 April
27 April  Revolt of 1857: Kunwar Singh, discontented Zamindar of Jagdishpur, died on 27
April 1858 in the village of Jagdishpur.
28 April  Tilak's Home Rule League was established on 28 April 1916.
29 April  Panchsheel (the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence) Agreement between the Ti-
bet region of China and India was signed on April 29, 1954.
30 April  On 30 April 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki threw a bomb on the carriage,
which they believed was occupied by Kingsford, the unpopular Judge at Muzaffarpur.
Unfortunately, two British ladies, Mrs and Miss Kennedy, got killed. Prafulla Chaki shot
himself dead, while Khudiram Bose was tried and hanged.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of May

1 May  Labour Day (May Day) was first celebrated in India on May 1, 1923.
2 May  Dadabhai Naoroji delivered his opening lecture on the economic drain, "England's
Duties to India," before the East India Association in London on May 2, 1867.
3 May  The Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) was founded on 3 May 1947.
4 May  Tipu Sultan died on May 4, 1799, during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
5 May
6 May  On 6 May 1908, Syed Ameer Ali formally established the London Muslim League.
7 May  The Women's Indian Association (WIA) was founded on 7 May 1917 at Adayar,
Madras, by Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins, Dr Muthulakshmi Reddy, Sister Subba-
laskmi and Sarojini Naidu.
 Alluri Sitarama Raju, a hero of the Rampa Rebellion, was captured and murdered
on May 7, 1924.
8 May  On 8 May, 1933, Gandhi started 21 days fast for the improvement of Harijan's condi-
tion.
 Victory in Europe Day: On May 8, 1945, Germany unconditionally surrendered its mil-
itary forces to the Allies, ending World War II in Europe.
9 May  The Government arrested Lala Lajpat Rai on 9 May 1907 and put him in Mandalay Fort.
10 May  The Revolt of 1857 began on 10 May 1857 as a mutiny of sepoys in the cantonment
of Meerut.
11 May
12 May  The Deccan Riots began on 12th May 1875 in Supa, Pune.
13 May  General Bakht Khan, the commander-in-chief of the Indian rebel forces in Delhi, died
in a battle on 13 May 1859.
14 May
15 May  The treaty ending the Anglo-Nepal War was signed on May 15, 1815, by Amar Singh
Thapa (a military general of the Gorkha army) and the British. However, the peace
negotiations broke down, and fighting resumed early in 1816.
 Debendranath Tagore was born on May 15, 1817.
16 May  The Cabinet Mission and the Viceroy, Lord Wavell, announced the Cabinet Mission
plan (May 16 Plan) on May 16, 1946.
17 May
18 May
19 May  All Parties Conference in Bombay on May 19, 1928, appointed a Nehru committee to
determine the principles of the Constitution for India.
 Kalpana Dutt was arrested on May 19, 1933, and was tried alongside Surya Sen.
20 May  Vishnu Shastri Chiplunkar was born on 20 May 1850 in a Brahmin family in Pune.
21 May  On May 21, 1930, Sarojini Naidu, Imam Sahib and Manilal (Gandhi’s son) raided the
Dharasana Salt Works.
22 May  Rammohun Roy was born on May 22, 1772, in an orthodox Brahmin family at Ra-
dhanagar in the Hooghly District of Bengal.
 Indigo Rebellion: In his editorial on May 22, 1874, Sisir Kumar Ghosh defined the
rebellion of the indigo peasants as the First Revolution of Bengal.
23 May  The Baptist missionaries at Serampore started the first vernacular paper in India, "Sa-
machar Darpan," a Bengali-language newspaper, on May 23, 1818.
24 May  The Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh was established on Queen Vic-
toria's 56th birthday, May 24, 1875.
25 May  Rashbehari Bose was born on May 25, 1886, in Bengal.
 On May 25, 1893, Gandhiji reached Durban, Natal, to help Dada Abdullah, an Indian
merchant in Natal, in a civil suit.
 On 25 May 1915, Gandhi established 'Satyagraha Ashram', Kochrab.
26 May  On 26 May 1893, in the court in Durban, the Magistrate asked Gandhi to remove his
Turban; Gandhiji denied it and left the court.
27 May
28 May
29 May
30 May  Udant Martand, the first Hindi newspaper, was started on 30 May 1826 by Pt. Jugal
Kishore Shukla.
31 May  Ahilyabai Holkar, the Rani of Indore, was born on 31 May 1725.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of June

1 June
2 June  Imad-ul-Mulk deposed Ahmad Shah Bahadur on 2 June 1754.
3 June  On 3rd June 1947, the Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, proposed the Mountbatten Plan.
4 June
5 June  World Environment Day is celebrated on 5th June every year.
6 June  On 6 June 1946, the Muslim League accepts the Cabinet Mission’s constitutional
scheme.
7 June  The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed between Spain and Portugal on 7 June 1494.
8 June
9 June
10 June
11 June
12 June  G. K. Gokhale formed the Servants of India Society on June 12, 1905.
13 June  On 13 June 1817, the British Resident Elphinstone forced the Peshwa to sign the Treaty
of Poona.
14 June  In his speech at the AICC meeting on June 14, 1947, Gandhi advised Congressmen to
accept partition as an unavoidable necessity for the present.
 On 14 June 1947, the Congress Working Committee in New Delhi passed a resolution
to accept the Partition.
15 June  On 15 June 1945, Congress Working Committee members were released from Ahmed-
nagar Fort Prison, and the ban on Congress was lifted.
16 June  On 16 June 1946, Cabinet Mission presented a scheme for the formation of an In-
terim Government at the Centre.
17 June  Rani Lakshmibai died on the field of battle on 17 June 1858.
 Sabarmati Ashram was established on 17 June 1917.
18 June
19 June
20 June  Black Hole Incident: On June 20, 1756, Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawabs of Bengal, oc-
cupied Fort William and imprisoned 146 prisoners of war in a small room.
21 June  International Day of Yoga is celebrated on 21st June.
22 June  Manav Dharma Sabha, the first socio-religious reform association in Gujarat, was
founded on 22nd June 1844 in Surat by Durgaram Mehtaji (Durgaram Manchharam
Dave), Dadoba Pandurang and others.
 Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941.
23 June  The Battle of Plassey was fought between the Nawabs of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah and
the British on 23 June 1757.
24 June
25 June  Lord Wavell convened the Simla conference on 25 June 1945.
26 June  On 26 June 1838, the Indian Government, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and Shah Shuja (ex-
ruler of Afghanistan) signed a Tripartite Treaty at Lahore.
 On 26 June 1915, Gandhi was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind gold medal by Lord Har-
dinge for services during the Boer War (humanitarian work in South Africa).
27 June  Sir Hugh Wheeler surrendered to Nana Saheb at Kanpur on 27 June 1857.
28 June
29 June  On June 29, 1946, the Cabinet Mission left India after failing to secure a consensus
between the League and the Congress.
30 June  The Battle of Chinhat was fought on 30 June 1857 between British forces led by Sir
Henry Lawrence and Indian rebels led by Barkat Ahmad.
 Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British India, set a date of 30 June 1948 for the
British withdrawal.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of July

1 July  On 1 July 1909, at the Imperial Institute in London, Madan Lal Dhingra assassinated
Lieutenant Colonel William Curzon Wylie, who was considered an anti-Indian officer
of the British regime.
 On 1st July 2017, GST laws were implemented.
2 July  On 2 July 1943, Subhas Chandra Bose was brought to Singapore through German and
Japanese submarines.
3 July
4 July  Pingali Venkayya, the man behind the design of the Tricolour, died on 4 July 1963.
5 July
6 July  On July 6, 1917, the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute was founded in Pune.
 In its broadcast on Azad Hind Radio on 6 July 1944, Subhas Chandra Bose called Gan-
dhi the 'Father of the Nation'.
7 July
8 July  Sir Cyril Radcliffe, Chairman of the Boundary Commission, arrived in India on 8 July
1947.
9 July
10 July  On 10 July 1946, the Congress rejected the cabinet mission plan but decided to par-
ticipate in the Constituent Assembly.
11 July  World Population Day is observed on 11 July.
12 July  NABARD was created on 12 July 1982 by transferring the agricultural credit functions
of RBI and the refinance functions of the then Agricultural Refinance and Development
Corporation (ARDC).
13 July
14 July  Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, a social reformer, educationist, and the first editor of the
weekly Kesari newspaper, was born on July 14, 1856.
15 July
16 July  Aruna Asaf Ali, a freedom fighter, educator and political activist, was born on 16 July
1909.
17 July  Adam Smith, famous for his 1776 book, The Wealth of Nations, passed away on 17
July 1790.
18 July  The Indian Independence Act of 1947, passed by the Parliament of the United King-
dom, received Royal Assent on 18th July 1947.
19 July  Annie Besant founded the Besant Theosophical College on July 19, 1915, at Mada-
napalle (Andhra Pradesh).
 On 19 July 1905, Lord Curzon issued an order to partition the Bengal.
 Gandhi sailed back to India from Cape Town on July 19, 1914.
20 July  Vasudev Balwant Phadke was captured in a temple in the village of Dever Nadigi
(Hyderabad) on 20 July 1879.
21 July  On 21 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to
walk on the Moon.
22 July  On July 22, 1941, Viceroy Lord Linlithgow declared the formation of a new Executive
Council consisting of 12 members, eight of whom were Indians. This marked the first
time Indians had outnumbered the Britons.
 The National Flag of India was adopted in its present form during the meeting of
Constituent Assembly held on the 22 July 1947.
23 July  Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born on 23 July 1856 at Ratnagiri in Maharashtra.
 The Communist Party of India was banned on 23 July 1934 by the government.
 On 23 July 1939, Gandhi wrote a letter to Adolf Hitler.
24 July
25 July  On 25 July 1906, Bengal Technical Institute was established.
26 July  Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act 1856 was enacted on 26 July 1856.
 Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose founded the Indian Association on
26 July 1876.
 On 26 July 1945, the Labour Government came into power in Britain.
27 July
28 July  The First World War started on July 28, 1914, when Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia.
29 July  Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) was shifted to New Delhi on the 29th
of July 1936
 On 29 July, the League Working Committee withdrew its acceptance of the long-term
aspect of the Cabinet Mission plan.
30 July  On July 30, 1947, Travancore State joined India.
31 July  Azim-ud-Daula, Nawab of Carnatic (Arcot), who signed the Carnatic Treaty with Lord
Wellesley, ascended to the throne on 31 July 1801.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of August

1 August  On August 1, 1754, Godeheu replaced Dupleix as the French Governor-General in

India.
 Lokmanya Tilak passed away on August 1, 1920.
2 August  On August 2, 1858, the British Parliament passed the Bill for the Better Government of
India.
3 August  Nana Patil, known for establishing a parallel government (Patri Sarkar) in Satara dis-
trict, was born on 3 August 1900.
4 August  Pherozeshah Mehta, known as 'The Lion of Bombay', was born on August 4, 1845
in Bombay.
5 August  On 5 August 2019, the Indian Government abrogated Article 370, which gave Jammu
and Kashmir a special status.
6 August
7 August  On August 7, 1905, a massive demonstration against the partition of Bengal was or-
ganised in the town hall in Calcutta.
 On August 7, 1942, Nehru moved the ‘Quit India’ resolution at the A.I.C.C. session in
Bombay.
8 August  On August 8, 1940, the Viceroy Linlithgow announced the August Offer at Simla.
  On 8 August 1942, the AICC at Gowalia tank in Bombay passed a historic Quit India
resolution.
9 August  Kakori Conspiracy: On 9th August 1925, an official treasury of a train was robbed
at Kakori (near Lucknow) by ten members of the HRA.
 On 9 August 1942, Aruna Asaf Ali hoisted the Indian National flag at the Gowalia
Tank Maidan.
10 August
11 August
12 August  On 12 August 1765, the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II appointed the EIC as the Diwan
of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa in return for an annual payment of Rs. 26,00,000.
 Sir Cyril Radcliffe submitted the Boundary Commission Award marking the boundary
between India and Pakistan on August 12, 1947.
13 August
14 August  Pakistan became an independent and sovereign state on August 14, 1947.
 At the midnight session of the Constituent Assembly on the night of 14th August 1947,
Jawaharlal Nehru made his 'Tryst with Destiny' speech.
 On August 14, 1947, 562 of the 565 Princely States in India signed the Instruments of
Accession and Standstill agreements with the upcoming Indian Union.
15 August  Aurobindo Ghosh was born on 15 August 1872 in Calcutta.
 On 15 August 1906, a National Council of Education was set up.
 On 15 August 1947, India celebrated its first day of freedom.
16 August  The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 16 August 1765 between the Mughal Emperor
Shah Alam II and Robert Clive of the EIC.
 On 16 August 1932, British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald introduced the Com-
munal Award.
 Muslim League announced 16 August 1946 as “Direct Action Day” to press its de-
mand of a separate Muslim homeland.
17 August  The Boundary Commission Award (demarcation line between India and Pakistan)
was published on 17 August 1947.
18 August  On 18 August 1932, Gandhiji wrote a letter to Ramsay Macdonald declaring his inten-
tions to fast unto death against the Communal Award.
 Subhas Chandra Bose died on August 18, 1945, in a plane crash in Japanese-occupied
Formosa (now Taipei, Taiwan).
19 August
20 August  On 20th August 1828, Rammohun Roy founded the Brahma Sabha, later known as the
Brahmo Samaj, to purify Hinduism and preach monotheism, or belief in one God.
  On 20 August 1917, Lord Montagu, the Secretary of State for India, made a formal
proclamation in the British Parliament declaring that the goal of British policy in India
was the progressive establishment of self-government.
21 August  On August 21, 1822, the Bombay Native School Book and School Society was formed
as the first non-official body to promote education among Indians in the Bombay
Presidency.
22 August  Madam Bhikaiji Cama hoisted the Indian flag at the International Socialist Conference
in Stuttgart, Germany, on 22 August 1907.
23 August
24 August  On 24 August 2017, the Supreme Court unanimously recognised privacy as a funda-
mental right guaranteed by the Constitution.
25 August  The Azamgarh Proclamation was issued on August 25, 1857.
26 August  The Bombay Association, the first political organisation of the Bombay Presidency,
was founded on August 26, 1852.
 Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was established on 26 August 1907.
27 August
28 August  On 28 August 1928, Nehru report was submitted to the All Parties Conference, Luck-
now.
29 August  On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly elected the Drafting Committee under
the chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
30 August
31 August  The Khilafat Committee launched a non-cooperation movement on 31 August
1920.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of September

1 September  On 1 September 1798, Nizam of Hyderabad, Nizam Ali Khan (Asaf Jah II), accepted
the Subsidiary Alliance of the British in Hyderabad.
 Annie Besant started the Home Rule League on 1 September 1916.
 The Second World War broke out on 1 September 1939 when Nazi Germany invaded
Poland.
2 September  The Interim Government was formed on 2 September 1946 by Congress members
alone, with Nehru as de facto head.
 The formal surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945 officially ended the Second
World War in Asia.
3 September  On 3 September 1939, Britain declared war against Germany.
4 September  The "Grand Old Man of India" and the "Father of Indian Nationalism," Dadabhai
Naoroji, was born on September 4, 1825, in Bombay.
5 September  Teachers' Day is celebrated in India every year on 5th September.
6 September
7 September  Umaji Naik, a leader of the Ramoshi Uprising (1824), was born on 7 September
1791 in the Ramoshi tribe.
8 September
9 September  The major young revolutionaries of northern India, including Bhagat Singh, Jatindra
Nath Sanyal, Ajay Ghosh and Phanindranath Ghosh, met at Ferozeshah Kotla ground
in Delhi on September 9 and 10, 1928, under the leadership of Chandrashekhar Azad
and founded the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
10 September
11 September  Gandhiji organised his first Satyagraha on 11 September 1906 against the Transvaal
government's ordinance requiring Indian citizens to carry passes and register with
fingerprints.
12 September  The National Food Security Act, 2013 (the Right to Food Act), was signed into law
on September 12, 2013.
13 September  The Indian Army started Operation Polo against the Nizam of Hyderabad on Sep-
tember 13, 1948.
14 September  Hindi Diwas, also known as Hindi Day, is celebrated on September 14th.
15 September
16 September  Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was born in a poor Brahmin family on September 26,
1820
17 September  On 17 September 1924, Gandhi started a 21-day fast for Hindu-Muslim unity.
 On September 17, 1948, Nizam's forces surrendered, and the princely state of Hy-
derabad joined the Indian Union. Hyderabad Liberation Day is celebrated on Sep-
tember 17 to commemorate the liberation of Hyderabad from Nizam's rule.
18 September  The operation Polo ended on September 18, 1948, when the Nizam surrendered.
19 September  The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on 19 September 1960.
20 September  Gandhi resorted to a fast unto death on September 20, 1932, against the Communal
Award announced by Ramsay MacDonald.
21 September  Annie Besant died on 21 September 1933.
22 September  On 22nd September 1921, Gandhi changed his attire from the elaborate Gujarati attire
to a simple dhoti and shawl.
 Gandhiji established 'All India Spinners' Association' on 22 September 1935.
23 September
24 September  On 24 September 1873, Mahatma Phule started Satyashodhak Samaj to organise the
lower classes, liberate them from the domination of Brahmins, and propagate caste
equality.
 Poona pact was signed on September 24, 1932.
25 September  On 25 September 1857, British forces under Havelock and Outram entered the Resi-
dency in Lucknow.
 Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Sambhu Charan Mukherjee founded the 'India League' in
Calcutta on 25 September 1875.
26 September  Gandhiji broke fast on September 26 as Ambedkar agreed for joint electorate.
27 September
28 September
29 September  Gandhi reached Southampton, England, on September 29, 1888, at the age of 18.
30 September  Harijan Sevak Sangh (All-India Anti-Untouchability League) was established on 30
September 1932.
 On 30 September 1765, the English EIC signed an agreement with Nizam-ud-Daulah
to pay the nawab 53 lakhs of rupees (Rs. 53,86,131) annually for Nizamat administra-
tion and his household expenses.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of October

1 October  The Public Service Commission was established on October 1, 1926.

 On 1 October 1953, 11 districts in the Telugu-speaking portion of Madras State be-
came the new Andhra State with Kurnool as the capital.
2 October  Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869 at Porbandar in Gujarat.
3 October
4 October
5 October  IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) was established on 5 October
1948 in the French town of Fontainebleau.
6 October  The Indian Penal Code (IPC) was enacted by the Indian Legislative Council on 6th Oc-
tober 1860.
7 October
8 October
9 October  Gopal Hari Deshmukh, also known as Lokhitawadi, passed away on October 9, 1892.
10 October
11 October
12 October  The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was established on 12 Oc-
tober 1993.
13 October  on 13 October 1939, Mahatma Gandhi and Rajendra Prasad met the Viceroy, Lord
Linlithgow, to discuss the nature of India’s involvement in the War.
 On 13 October 1946, the Muslim League decides to join the Interim Government.
14 October  On October 14, 1919, the government formed the Hunter Commission to inquire
about the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
 On October 14, 1956, Ambedkar embraced Buddhism with many followers.
15 October
16 October  The partition of Bengal took effect on 16 October 1905.
17 October  On 17th October 1940, Gandhi officially inaugurated the Individual Satyagraha.
18 October
19 October
20 October
21 October  On October 21, 1943, Subhas Bose founded the Provisional Government of Free
India in Singapore.
22 October  On 22 October 1764, the Battle of Buxar was fought between Mir Kasim, Shuja-ud-
Daulah, and Shah Alam II on one side and English EIC on the other.
23 October  On 23 October 1939, the CWC asked its ministers to resign.
24 October  Lakshmi Sehgal was born on 24 October 1914.
25 October  On 25 October 1802, Holkar (Maratha Sardar) defeated the combined armies of the
Peshwa and Sindhia. As a result, Peshwa Baji Rao II signed the Treaty of Bassein with
the British on 31 December 1802.
26 October  On October 26, 1946, the Muslim League joined the Interim Government.
 On October 26, 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir signed the Instru-
ment of Accession with India.
27 October  The Sarkaria Commission submitted its report on 27 October 1987.
28 October
29 October  During the protest against the Simon Commission in Lahore on October 30, 1928, Lala
Lajpat Rai was struck on the chest by a police officer's baton.
30 October  Praanath Mitra, founder of Anushilan Samiti, was born on 30 October 1853.
 Gandhiji resigned from the Congress on 30 October 1934 to engage in the develop-
ment of the village industries, Harijan service and education.
31 October  Irwin’s Declaration, or Deepavali Declaration, was announced on October 31, 1929.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of November

1 November  The various changes introduced by the Act of 1858 were formally announced by a
proclamation of Queen Victoria on November 1, 1858.
 The Ghadar paper was launched on 1 November 1913.
2 November  On November 2, 1929, a conference of major national leaders met and issued the
Delhi Manifesto.
3 November
4 November
5 November  Chittaranjan Das, popularly called Deshbandhu, was born on 5 November 1870.
 Indian National Army Trial began at the Red Fort on 5 November 1945.
6 November
7 November  Bahadur Shah Zafar died on 7 November 1862 in Rangoon.
 On 7 November 1917, the Bolshevik (Communist) Party, led by Lenin, overthrew the
Czarist regime in Russia and declared the formation of the Soviet Union, the first
socialist state in the history of the world.
 Madeleine Slade (Mirabehn) joined Satyagraha Ashram on 7 November 1925.
8 November  Lord Birkenhead, Secretary of State for India, announced on 8 November 1927 the
appointment of an Indian Statutory Commission (Simon Commission) under the
chairmanship of Sir John Simon to review and propose constitutional reforms for In-
dia.
9 November
10 November  Surendranath Banerjee, founder of the Indian Association, was born on 10 No-
vember 1848.
11 November
12 November  Madan Mohan Malviya, founder of Banaras Hindu University (BHU), died on 12
November 1946.
13 November
14 November
15 November  Birsa Munda was born on November 15, 1875, into a poor Munda tribal family.
 The Government of India has declared 15th November as the ‘Janjatiya Gaurav Di-
vas.’
16 November  The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was
established on 16 November 1945.
17 November  The Prince of Wales arrived in Bombay on 17th November 1921, where he was met
with demonstrations, hartals, and strikes.
18 November
19 November
20 November
21 November  The Second Anglo-Afghan War was started on November 21, 1878.
22 November
23 November
24 November  On 24 November 1800, Wellesley established the College of Fort William at Calcutta
to educate young civil service recruits.
25 November
26 November
27 November
28 November  Burmese King, Thibaw surrendered on 28 November 1885.
29 November  On November 29, 1947, the Nizam signed a Standstill Agreement with the Indian
Government.
30 November  Ramabai established Arya Mahila Samaj in Pune on November 30, 1882, to em-
power and educate women to lead dignified lives.

Modern Indian History (MIH) – Calendar of December

1 December  On 1 December, the world commemorates World AIDS Day.

2 December
3 December
4 December  The Bengal Sati Regulation, which banned the Sati practice, was passed on Decem-
ber 4, 1829, by the then Governor-General Lord William Bentinck.
 Tantia Tope was hanged on 4 December 1889.
5 December
6 December  Dr. B. R. Ambedkar passed away on 6 December 1956.
7 December  The first lawful Hindu widow remarriage among the upper castes in our country
was celebrated in Calcutta on 7 December 1856, under the inspiration and supervision
of Vidyasagar.
 On December 7, 1941, the Japanese military launched an attack on the US Naval base
at Pearl Harbor.
8 December  The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established on 8
December 1985.
9 December  The Constituent Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December 1946.
10 December  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was proclaimed by the United Nations
General Assembly in Paris on December 10, 1948.
11 December  On 11 December 2019, Parliament passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019.
12 December  The Coronation Durbar of King George V was held in Delhi on 12 December 1911.
13 December  On 13 December 1946, Jawaharlal Nehru introduced the “Objectives Resolution” in
the Constituent Assembly.
14 December  On 14 December 1931, Santi Ghose and Suniti Chowdhury walked into the office of
Charles Stevens, the district magistrate of Comilla and shot him dead.
 Gandhiji established 'All India Village Industries' Association' on 14 December 1934.
15 December  Potti Sriramulu, the Gandhian leader who demanded a separate state for Telugu
speaker, died on 15 December 1952 after fifty-eight days into his fast.
16 December  On 16 December 1846, the Treaty of Bhairowal was signed.
17 December  Pandit Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar was born on December 17, 1869, in the Deoghar
district in Jharkhand.
 On 17 December 1927, Bhagat Singh, Azad and Rajguru mistakenly targeted and killed
Assistant Superintendent of Police John Saunders, while their actual aim was Superin-
tendent of Police James Scott.
 Rajendra Lahiri was hanged on 17 December 1927, two days before his specified ex-
ecution date.
18 December
19 December  Among the Kakori martyrs, Ashfaqullah Khan, Ram Prasad Bismil and Roshan Singh
were hanged on December 19, 1927.
20 December
21 December  On 21st December 1909, Anant Laxman Kanhere shot and killed A.M.T. Jackson, the
District Magistrate of Nashik.
22 December  The Muslim League under Jinnah declared December 22nd, 1939, as the "Day of De-
liverance" and thanksgiving to celebrate the resignation of Congress Ministries.
23 December  On 23 December 1912, a bomb was thrown at the Viceroy Lord Hardinge when he
was riding on an elephant in a state procession in Delhi.
 Bhagvati planned and executed a bomb blast on December 23, 1929, under the train
of Viceroy Lord Irwin on the Delhi-Agra railway line. The viceroy escaped unharmed.
24 December  The Treaty of Rajghat was signed between the Holkar and EIC on 24 December 1805.
25 December  Madan Mohan Malaviya, known as Mahamana, was born on 25 December 1861 in
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.
 On 25 December 1927, Ambedkar publicly burnt copies of the 'Manusmriti'.
26 December
27 December  On the second day of the INC session at Surat, INC split into two factions- moderates
and extremists.
28 December  The first meeting of the INC was held on 28 December 1885 in Gokuldas Tejpal
Sanskrit College, Bombay.
 After attending the second Round Table Conference, Gandhiji returned to Bombay on
28 December 1931.
29 December
30 December  The British signed the Treaty of Surji-Arjunagaon with Sindhia on December 30,1803.
31 December  On 31 December 1600, Queen Elizabeth I granted the English EIC a Royal Charter.
 On 31 December 1802, Peshwa Baji Rao II signed the Treaty of Bassein with the
British.
 On 31 December 1922, Deshbandhu announced the formation of the Congress Khil-
afat Swaraj Party.
 At midnight on December 31, 1929, Jawaharlal Nehru unfurled the newly adopted tri-
colour flag on the banks of the river Ravi.
PMF IAS Modern Indian History is a pathbreaking
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