02_Chichewa_Module_1_301117

Initial Primary Teacher Education
Buku lophunzitsira
m’Sukulu za Uphunzitsi
Chichewa
Buku loyamba
Chaka choyamba
Malawi Institute of Education

Buku lophunzitsira
m’Sukulu za Uphunzitsi
Chichewa
Buku loyamba
Chaka choyamba
Omwe adalemba ndi kusindikiza bukuli

P. O. Box 50
Domasi
Malawi
Email: miedirector@sdnp.org.mw
Website: www.mie.edu.mw
©Malawi Institute of Education 2017
Zonse zam’bukumu n’zosati munthu akopere munjira ina iliyonse popanda

chilolezo. N’zosatinso munthu achitire malonda mpang’ono pomwe. Komabe ngati
munthu afuna kugwira ntchito yazamaphunziro ndi bukuli, ayambe wapempha
ndikulandira chilolezo kuchokera kwa eniake omwe adalisindikiza.
Kusindikiza koyamba kwa bukuli 2017

Olemba
Innocencia Guzako-Kachala Lilongwe Teachers’ College
John Kunkumbira St Joseph’s Teachers College
Gertrude Mkandawire Blantyre Teachers’ College
Laston Mkhaya Montfort Special Needs College
Ndamyo Mwanyongo Kasungu Teachers’ College
Wisdom Nkhoma Domasi College of Education

Kuthokoza
Unduna wa za Maphunziro, Sayansi ndi Luso pamodzi ndi Malawi Institute of

Education akuthokoza anthu onse amene adathandiza mu njira zosiyansiyana kuti
bukuli lilembedwe.
Akuthokoza makamaka bungwe la UNICEF ndi GIZ chifukwa cha thandizo la

chuma ndi upangiri osiyanasiyana pa nthawi yolemba bukuli.
Undunawu ukuthokozanso mwapadera Mkulu wa Department of Inspectorate and

Advisory Services (DIAS), a Raphael Agabu, ndi onse ogwira ntchito ku
Dipatimentiyi, Mkulu wa Malawi Institute of Education, Dr William Susuwele‐
Banda, ndi onse ogwira ntchito kumeneko, Mtsogoleri wa ntchito yokonzanso
maphunziro a m’sukulu za uphunzitsi (IPTE), Dr Ezekiel Kachisa ndi onse
owathandizira (a Edward G Mtonga ndi Catrin Anderer) chifukwa chotsogolera
ntchito yolemba bukuli.
A MIE ndi Undunawu akuthokozanso a Frackson Manyamba, Foster NJ Gama,

Benjamin David, Margret Mandala-Bandason, Margaret Magalasi ndi Bernadetta
Namangale-Jere pounikira bukuli ndi kupereka malangizo othandiza
Okonza
Mkonzi : Max J Iphani
Wotayipa : Anastazia T Mbungulo

Mkonzi wamkulu : Max J Iphani
Mawu otsogolera
Maphunziro ndi maziko a chitukuko m’dziko. Iwo ndi gwero la chitukuko pa
moyo wa munthu, gulu la anthu ngakhalenso dziko. Maphunziro amakonzekeretsa
ophunzira kukhala ndi maluso oti azithandiza kutukula moyo wa anthu ndi chuma
cha dziko moyenera. Makolo amafuna kuti ana awo azikula ndi nzeru zabwino
komanso moyo wathanzi kudzera m’maphunziro, omwe angawathandize kukhala
ndi maluso ndi maganizo abwino kuti akhale anthu odalirika ndi a moyo
wokondwa.
Choncho n’koyenera kuti maphunziro azikhala othandiza ophunzira kukhala a

makhalidwe abwino, maganizidwe oyenera komanso odziwa udindo wawo.
Chotero ophunzira uphunzitsi aziphunzitsidwa moyenera kuti azitha kuphunzitsa
mwaluso.
Pali zinthu zambiri zimene zimathandiza kuti maphunziro akhale apamwamba.

Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kukhala ndi aphunzitsi osulidwa bwino. Aphunzitsi ali ndi
gawo lalikulu pophunzitsa chifukwa ndiwo amatsogolera ophunzira kupeza nzeru
za maphunziro. Iwo amakhalanso chitsanzo kwa ophunzira m’machitidwe awo.
Cholinga cha maphunziro a zauphunzitsi m’Malawi ndi kusula aphunzitsi ogwira

ntchito yawo mwaluso ndi mwaukadaulo. Izi zimatheka ngati aphunzitsiwa
aphunzitsidwa mwaluntha kuti akhale ndi nzeru, maluso ndi ukadaulo
wowathandiza kuphunzitsa ophunzira akupulayimale moyenera. Choncho
maphunziro a uphunzitsi a IPTE aunikidwanso ndi cholinga choti ophunzira
uphunzitsi akamatsiriza maphunziro awo azikhala atasulidwa mwaluso kuti
akagwire ntchito yawo mwaukadaulo.
Ndondomeko younikanso maphunzirowa yatsogoloeredwa ndi lingaliro ili:
‘Kusula mphunzitsi wodziunika, wodzidalira, wozindikira kuti kuphunzira

sikutha pa moyo wa munthu, wamakhalidwe abwino komanso wodziwa
kuphunzitsa ophunzira osiyanasiyana molingana ndi kuthekera kwawo.’
Tikukhulupirira kuti sukulu zophunzitsa ntchito yauphunzitsi m’Malawi muno

zizindikira kuti maphunzirowa ndi aphindu pothandiza ophunzira uphunzitsi
kukhala ndi maziko odalirika a ntchito yawo.
Executive Director
vi
Zam’katimu
Kuthokoza ………………………………………………….. ……… v
Mawu otsogolera …………………………………………………….. vi
Mutu 1 Kufunika kwa phunziro la Chichewa………………... 1
Mutu 2 Silabasi, buku la mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira….….. 3
Mutu 3 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kumva ndi kuyankhula…….… 6
Mutu 4 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kuwerenga………………………. 10
Mutu 5 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kuwerenga (kupitiriza)………... 15
Mutu 6 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kukonzekera kulemba…………. 19
Mutu 7 Kuphunzitsa mitundu ya kulemba………………….. 23
Mutu 8 Kulemba dongosolo la ntchito………………………… 25
Mutu 9 Kulemba chikonzekero cha phunziro……………… 31
Mutu 10 Kulemba zotsatira za ntchito yomwe ndaphunzitsa.. 37
Mutu 11 Kaphunzitsidwe ka malamulo a chiyankhulo…… 39
Mutu 12 Kaphunzitsidwe ka ndagi, nthano ndi sewero………

43
vii
MUTU1 Kufunika kwa phunziro la Chichewa
Luso: Kumva ndi Ntchito 1: Kukambirana kufunika

kuyankhula kwa maluso a chiyankhulo
Nthawi: Maola 1 1 Kambiranani tanthauzo la
Chigawo: Choyamba maluso a chiyankhulo.
2 Kambiranani kufunika kwa
Chiyambi maluso a kumva ndi
Chiyankhulo chimayambira pa kuyankhula, kuwerenga,
kumva maliwu omwe wina kulemba, kuganiza mozama
akuyankhula. Wakumva amayankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
zomwe wamvazo. Zinthu zomwe malamulo a chiyankhulo.
timamva ndi kuziyankhula timatha 3 Kambiranani mgwirizano
kuziphunzira m’mabuku powerenga. womwe umakhalapo pakati pa
Tikatero timalemba zomwe tamva maluso asanu ndi limodzi a
kapena tawerenga. Poyankhula chiyankhulo.
kapena polemba timaganizira zinthu 4 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe
mofatsirira n’cholinga choti tipereke mwakambirana.
maganizo ogwira mtima. 5 Perekani maganizo anu pa
Tikamayankhula kapena zomwe anzanu afotokoza.
tikamalemba, timatsata malamulo a
chiyankhulo. Malangi kwa mphunzitsi
Mupezeretu matanthauzo a
Motero maluso a chiyankhulo ndi maluso asanu ndi limodzi ndi
awa: kumva, kuyankhula, kuwerenga, zolinga za luso lililonse.
kulemba, kuganiza mozama ndi
Ntchito 2: Kufotokoza kufunika kwa
kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a
phunziro la Chichewa
chiyankhulo. Malusowa ndi omwe
1 Kambiranani zifukwa
ophunzira ayenera kuphunzira.
zophunzitsira phunziro la
Chichewa kupulayimale ndi
M’mutu uno, muphunzira kufunika
kusukulu zophunzitsa ntchito
kwa phunziro la Chichewa
yauphunzitsi.
kupulayimale ndi ku sukulu
2 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe
zophunzitsa ntchito yauphunzitsi
mwakambirana.
(TTC).
3 Perekani maganizo anu pa
Zizindikiro za kakhozedwe zomwe anzanu afotokoza.
Pakutha pa mutu uno, ophunzira
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
afotokoza kufunika kwa phunziro la
Mupezeretu mayankho a ntchitoyi
Chichewa kupulayimale ndi ku
koyambirira kwa silabasi ya
sukulu zophunzitsa ntchito
Chichewa.
yauphunzitsi.
1
Kufotokoza mwachidule 3. N’chifukwa chiyani ophunzira ena
M’mutu uno mwaphunzira tanthauzo sakonda phunziro la Chichewa?
la maluso a chiyankhulo ndi kufunika 4. Mungachite bwanji kuti ophunzira
kwake. Mwaona mgwirizano womwe anu azikonda phunziro la
umakhalapo pa maluso a kumva ndi Chichewa?
kuyankhula, kuwerenga, kulemba,
kuganiza mozama ndi kugwiritsa Mabuku
ntchito malamulo a chiyankhulo. Malawi Institute of Education (2009).
Pomaliza, mwafotokoza kufunika Initial Primary Teacher Education
kophunzitsa phunziro la Chichewa through Open and Distance
kusukulu zapulayimale ndi kusukulu Learning (ODL) Chichewa Module
zophunzitsa ntchito yauphunzitsi. 1. Domasi: MIE.
Malawi Institute of Education (2008).
Kudziunika ndi kudziyesa Maphunziro M’sukulu
1. Pa maluso asanu ndi limodzi a Zauphunztsi m ‘Malawi Buku la
chiyankhulo, mukuganiza kuti ndi Mphunzitsi. Domasi: MIE.
maluso anayi ati omwe ndi
akuluakulu?
2. Kodi maluso ena awiriwa
amathandiza bwanji maluso
akuluakulu anayi a chiyankhulo?
2
MUTU 2 Silabasi, buku la mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira
Luso : Kumva ndi kuyankhula Mawu otsogolera

Nthawi : Maola 3 Mphunzitsi amakonza ntchito
Chigawo: Choyamba yokaphunzitsa potenga mitu yomwe
ili m’silabasi, m’buku la mphunzitsi
ndi la ophunzira. Pali mitundu iwiri
Chiyambi
ya silabasi: yophunzitsira ndi
Maphunziro amayenera kukhala ndi
yamayeso.Aphunzitsi amagwiritsa
dongosolo la ntchito yoyenera
ntchito silabasi yophunzitsira.Silabasi
kuphunzitsa chaka chonse cha sukulu.
imathandiza kuti ophunzira m’sukulu
Dongosololi limatchedwa silabasi.
zonse aziphunzira zofanana. Silabasi
Limathandiza kuti pasakhale
ili ndi magawo asanu ndi limodzi.
kusiyana kwa maphunziro omwe
Magawowa ndi awa: mlingo wa
ophunzira akulandira m’sukulu zonse
kakhozedwe, zizindikiro za
za m’dziko. Silabasi imasonyeza mitu
kakhozedwe, mutu, zina mwa zomwe
ya ntchito yoyenera kuphunzitsa
ophunzira achite, zina mwa njira
m’chigawo chilichonse cha
zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi
sukulu.Kalasi lililonse lili ndi silabasi
zoyesera, ndi zina mwa zipangizo
yake. Mitu ya m’silabasi
imagwirizana ndi yomwe ili m’buku
zoyesera.
la mphunzitsi ndi m’buku la
ophunzira. M’buku la mphunzitsi muli mfundo
zofotokoza kufunika kwa phunziro la
Ophunzira ntchito yauphunzitsi
Chichewa, magawo akuluakulu
ayenera kudziwa kuti silabasi ndiyo
abukuli ndi mitu ya ntchito yoti
imatsogolera mphunzitsi zoyenera
ophunzira achite. Mulinso malangizo
kukaphunzitsa pa mutu uliwonse
omuunikira mphunzitsi zina zoti
komanso m’chigawo chasukulu
achite kuti phunziro liyende bwino.
chilichonse. N’kofunikanso kuti
M’mabuku a ophunzira muli nkhani
adziwe kufunika kwa silabasi, buku la
komanso ntchito yoti ophunzira
mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira, ndi
achite.
kuzukuta ntchito zopezeka
m’magawo amabukuwa. Silabasi, buku la mphunzitsi ndi
mabuku aophunzira zimaunikira
Zizindikiro za kakhozedwe
mphunzitsi ntchito yokaphunzitsa
Pakutha pa mutu uno, ophunzira:
komanso zoti ophunzira achite
 afananitsa ntchito yopezeka mu pamene akuphunzira. Buku la
silabasi ndi yomwe ili m’buku la mphunzitsi amagwiritsa ntchito ndi
mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira. mphunzitsi yekha. Choncho ndi
 agwiritsa ntchito silabasi, buku la bwino kuti ophunzira uphunzitsi
mphunzitsi ndi buku la ophunzira aphunzire momwe azikagwirtsira
moyenera. ntchito mabukuwa pokonza
3
dongosolo la ntchito ndi chikonzekero 1 Unikaninso mwachidwi silabasi,
cha phunziro. Akuyeneranso kudziwa buku la mphunzitsi ndi la
kulumikizana kwa mitu ya ntchito ophunzira.
kuyambira m’Sitandade 1 mpaka 8. 2 Pitani ku sukulu yapulayimale
yomwe mwayandikana nayo ndi
Ntchito 1 Kufananitsa ntchito kukafufuza momwe mphunzitsi
yopezeka mu silabasi ndi ndi ophunzira amagwiritsira
yomwe ili m’buku la ntchito silabasi, buku la
mphunzitsi ndi la mphunzitsi ndi buku la
ophunzira ophunzira.
3 Perekani maganizo anu pa zomwe
1 Kambiranani tanthauzo la mwapeza.
silabasi.
2 Unikani mwachidwi silabasi, Malangizokwa mphunzitsi
buku la mphunzitsi ndi la
Muombe mkota pa ntchito yomwe
ophunzira.
ophunzira achita.
3 Kambiranani ntchito yopezeka
m’silabasi, m’buku la mphunzitsi
ndi la ophunzira. Ntchito 3 Kugwiritsa ntchito
4 Fananitsani ntchito yopezeka silabasi, buku la
m’mabukuwa. mphunzitsi ndi la
5 Siyanitsani ntchito yopezeka ophunzira
m’mabukuwa. 1 Unikaninso kagwiritsidwe ntchito
ka silabasi, buku la mphunzitsi
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira.
 Mufufuziretu tanthauzo la 2 Zukutani zomwe zikupezeka
silabasi powerenga mabuku ena. m’magawo a silabasi, buku la
 Mupezeretu masilabasi, mabuku mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira.
a aphunzitsi ndi mabuku a 3 Sonyezani momwe
ophunzira a Sitandade 1 mpaka mungagwiritsire ntchito
4. mabukuwa.
 Mupempheretu chilolezo kwa 4 Perekani maganizo anu pa ntchito
mphunzitsi wamkulu wa sukulu yomwe anzanu achita.
yomwe ophunzira anu achiteko
kafukufuku.
Ntchito 2 Kufufuza momwe Muombe mkota pa ntchito yomwe
mphunzitsi ophunzira achita.
amagwiritsira ntchito
silabasi, mabuku
Kufotokoza mwachidule
M’mutu uno mwaphunzira tanthauzo
ophunzitsira ndi
la silabasi, mwaunika ntchito
ophunzirira
zopezeka m’magawo a silabasi, buku
la mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira.
4
Mwafananitsa ndi kusiyanitsa ntchito
yopezeka m’magawo a silabasi, buku Buku la
la mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira. mphunzitsi: buku lotsatira silabasi
Kenaka, mwafufuza momwe lomwe limatsogolera
mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira mphunzitsi polemba
akupulayimale amagwiritsira ntchito chikonzekero cha
mabukuwa. Potsiriza, mwasonyeza phunziro ndi
momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito pophunzitsa
silabasi, buku la mphunzitsi ndi la
ophunzira.
Buku la
Kudziunika ndi kudziyesa ophunzira: buku lotsatira silabasi
1 Tchulani magawo a silabasi omwe lomwe ophunzira
mungapezemo izi:
amagwiritsa ntchito
 bokosi la kanema
 ayankha moni molondola Mabuku
 malonje Malawi Institute of Education
 amva malonje (2009).Initial Primary Teacher
 mafunso ndi mayankho Education (IPTE) through Open
 kupatsana moni molondola and Distance Learning (ODL)
2 Fotokozani kusiyana kwa buku la
Chichewa module 1.Domasi:
mphunzitsi ndi buku la
MIE.
ophunzira.
3 Mungachite chiyani ngati Malawi Institute of Education (2008).
pasukulu pomwe mukuphunzitsa Maphunziro M’sukulu
palibe silabasi? Zauphunztsi m ‘Malawi buku la
4 Fotokozani kagwiritsidwe ntchito mphunzitsi. Domasi: MIE.
ka zipangizo zotsatirazi
pophunzitsa:
 kalilole (galasi)
 bokosi la kanema
 nthenga
 zithunzi zotukuza
Matanthauzo a mawu
5
MUTU 3 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kumva ndi kuyankhula
Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe
Luso : Kumva ndi kuyankhula Pakutha pa mutu uno, ophunzira:
Nthawi : Maola 5  apeza mitu ya kumva ndi
kuyankhula m’mabuku a
Chigawo: Choyamba Sitandade 1 mpaka 4.
Chiyambi  afotokoza mitundu ya maliwu,
Mphunzitsi akuyenera kuphunzitsa malonje ndi zouzidwa.
maluso a kumva ndi kuyankhula  asonyeza kaphunzitsidwe ka
moyenera. Ophunzira akaphunzira mitundu ya maliwu, malonje
luso la kumva ndiye kuti adzakhala ndi zouzidwa.
atcheru ndi kumvetsetsa nkhani
zosiyanasiyana zomwe ena Mawu otsogolera
akuyankhula. Akaphunzira luso la M’silabasi ya kupulayimale muli mitu
kuyankhula adzatha kupereka ya ntchito ya kumva ndi kuyankhula
maganizo awoawo kwa ena yosiyanasiyana. Ntchito za m’mituyi
poyankhula mosakayika m’zochitika zimakulitsa maluso akumva ndi
zosiyanasiyana. kuyankhula kwa ophunzira ndi
mphunzitsi. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana
Ngakhale kuti kumva ndi kuyankhula zomwe mphunzitsi angagwiritse
ndi maluso awiri osiyana, ntchito pophunzitsa ntchito za kumva
pophunzitsa amaphunzitsidwira ndi kuyankhula. Mphunzitsi
nthawi imodzi. N’kovuta kuti akuyenera kuzindikira mitundu,
mphunzitsi asiyanitse chifukwa kufunika ndi ndondomeko
kumva ndi kuyankhula kumachitika yophunzitsira mitu ya ntchito ya
nthawi imodzi. Pamene wina kumva ndi kuyankhula kuti athandize
akuyankhula wina amamvetsera. Izi ophunzira moyenera.
zili chimodzimodzi m’kalasi;
ophunzira amayenera amagwiritsa Ntchito 1 Kufotokoza kufunika kwa
ntchito maluso akumva ndi maluso a kumva ndi
kuyankhula. Mphunzitsi amadziwa kuyankhula
kuti ophunzira amva ngati akuchita 1 Kambiranani kufunika kwa
zomwe amva monga poyankha maluso a kumva ndi kuyankhula.
mafunso molondola. 2 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe
mwalemba.
M’mutu uno, muphunzira momwe 3 Perekani maganizo anu pa ntchito
mungaphunzitsire maluso a kumva yomwe anzanu achita.
ndi kuyankhula mu Sitandade 1
mpaka 4.
6
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi Ntchito 4 Kufotokoza mitundu ya
Mufufuziretu mfundo zosonyeza maliwu, malonje ndi
kufunika kwa maluso a kumva ndi zouzidwa
kuyankhula.
1 Kambiranani tanthauzo la
Ntchito 2 Kufufuza mitu ya kumva maliwu, malonje ndi zouzidwa.
ndi kuyankhula mu 2 Kambiranani mitundu ya maliwu,
Sitandade 1 mpaka 4 malonje ndi zouzidwa.
3 Lembani zomwe mwakambirana.
1 Unikani mitu ya ntchito ya 4 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe
maluso a kumva ndi kuyankhula mwalemba.
m’mabuku a Sitandade 1 mpaka 5 Perekani maganizo anu pa ntchito
4. yomwe anzanu achita.
2 Lembani zomwe mwapeza. Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
3 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe  Mufufuziretu mitundu ya
mwapeza. maliwu, malonje ndi zouzidwa.
4 Perekani maganizo anu pa ntchito  Muombe mkota pa ntchito
yomwe anzanu achita. yomwe ophunzira achita.
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi Ntchito 5 Kufotokoza ndondomeko

Muombe mkota pa ntchito yomwe yophunzitsira maliwu,
ophunzira achita. malonje ndi zouzidwa
1 Kambiranani ndondomeko
Ntchito 3 Kufotokoza njira yophunzitsira maliwu, malonje
zophunzitsira maluso a ndi zouzidwa.
kumva ndi kuyankhula 2 Lembani zomwe mwakambirana.
1 Kambiranani njira zophunzitsira
mwalemba.
maluso a kumva ndi kuyanhula.
4 Perekani maganizo anu pa ntchito
yomwe anzanu achita.
mwalemba. Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
4 Perekani maganizo anu pa ntchito  Mufufuziretu ndondomeko
yomwe anzanu achita. yophunzitsira maliwu, malonje
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi ndi zouzidwa.
 Muombe mkota pa ntchito
 Mufufuziretu zina mwa njira
yomwe ophunzira achita.
zophunzitsira maluso a kumva ndi
kuyankhula.
 Muombe mkota pa ntchito yomwe
ophunzira achita.
7
Ntchito 6 Kusonyeza 4 Yerekezani kuti mukuphunzitsa
kaphunzitsidwe ka liwu latsopano /dw/ m’Sitandade
mitundu ya maliwu, 1 ndipo mwawauza ophunzira
malonje ndi zouzidwa kuti aziloza chala m’mwamba
mukatchula mawu oyamba ndi
1 Unikani ndondomeko /dw/. Koma Zondiwe waloza
yophunzitsira maliwu, malonje chala m’mwamba mutatchula
ndi zouzidwa. mawu oti “dala”. Fotokozani
2 Sonyezani momwe zomwe mungachite ndi Zondiwe.
mungphunzitsire mitu yotsatirayi:
a mitundu ya maliwu mu Matanthauzo a mawu
Sitande 1 ndi 2. Kuyankhula kutulutsa mawu
b mitundu ya malonje mu atanthauzo kudzera
Sitandade 1 mpaka 4. pakamwa
c zouzidwa.
Kumva kulandira mawu kudzera
m’makutu

Muombe mkota pa ntchito yomwe Mabuku
ophunzira achita. Department of Teacher Education and
Development, (2009). Initial
Kufotokoza mwachidule Primary Teacher Education
M’mutu uno mwaphunzira kufunika through Open and Distance
kwa maluso akumva ndi kuyankhula. Learning Chichewa (Module 1).
Mwafufuza mitu ya ntchito
zophunzitsiramaluso a kumva ndi Malawi Institute of Education (2016).
kuyankhula mu Sitandade 1 mpaka 4. Malawi Primary Education
Mwafotokoza ndondomeko Chichewa Buku la mphunzitsi la
yophunzitsira maluso a kumva ndi Sitandade 1. Domasi: MIE.
kuyankhula. Pomaliza, mwasonyeza
momwe mungaphunzitsire mitundu
Maphunziro a M’sukulu
ya maliwu, malonje ndi zouzidwa.
Zauphunzitsi m’Malawi Buku la
Kudziunika ndi kudziyesa Mphunzitsi. Domasi: MIE.
1 Fotokozani kufunika kwa maluso
a kumva ndi kuyankhula. Malawi Institute of Education (2017).
2 Tchulani mitu isanu ya ntchito National Reading Programme
zophunzitsira maluso a kumva Standard 1 teacher resource
ndi kuyankhula. handbook. Domasi: MIE.
3 Ndi mavuto otani omwe
mphunzitsi wa Sitandade 1 Mabuku oonjezera
amakumana nawo pophunzitsa https://www.readnaturally.com/resear
maluso a kumva ndi kuyankhula? ch/5-components-of-reading
8
http://www.scsk12.org/scs/subjectarea https://cehdvision2020.umn.edu/blog/
s/kweb/images/nationalreadingpanel_ helping-kids-with-reading/
faq.pdf
9
MUTU 4 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kuwerenga
Luso : Kuwernga
Nthawi: Maola 6 Mawu otsogolera
Chigawo: Choyamba Kuphunzitsa kuwerenga pogwiritsa
ntchito nsanamira zisanu za
Chiyambi kuwerenga kumathandiza ophunzira
Luso la kuwerenga ndi limodzi mwa kuzamitsa luso la kuwerenga.
maluso ofunika m’phunziro la Mphunzitsi ayenera kudziwa ndi
Chichewa. Mphunzitsi ayenera kumvetsa bwino nsanamira zisanu za
kudziwa zolinga zophunzitsira kuwerenga zomwe ndi zotsatirazi:
kuwerenga m’sukulu zapulayimale.
Kumva ndi kutchula maliwu
Kuwerenga kumathandiza ophunzira
Ophunzira ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti
kudziwa chiyankhulo. Ophunzira
mawu amapangidwa ndi maliwu.
amapeza nzeru zambiri kuchokera pa
Mwachitsanzo, mawu oti
zomwe akuwerenga zomwe ndi
“ana”apangidwa ndi maliwu awa: /a/,
zothandiza pa moyo wawo.
/n/ ndi /a/.
M’mutu uno ndi wotsatira,
Kuzindikira malembo ndi maliwu
muphunzira momwe
Ophunzira ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti
mungaphunzitsire kuwerenga
malembo amaimira maliwu, ndipo
m’sukulu za pulayimale potsatira
mawu amapangidwa kuchokera ku
nsanamira zisanu za kuwerenga.
malembowa. Mu Sitandade 1 muli
Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe malembo awa: a, n, i, m, u, k, o, l, e, w
Pakutha pa mutu uno, ophunzira: t, d, s, p, nd, ch, y, b, z, g, r, f, h, j, v,
 afotokoza za nsanamira ya dz, mw, nz, kw, ts, th, mb, kh, ng, ns,
kumva ndi kutchula maliwu, mp, nj, ny, bw, mt, ph, ng’, dw, ps, bz,
kuzindikira malembo ndi fw, gw, ml, mv, dy, ms, sw, mk, mz
maliwu ake ndi nsanamira ya ndipo mu Sitandade 2 muli malembo
kuwerenga molondola, awa: mf, m’b, mph, nth, tch, mgw,
ng’w, mch, khw, phw, mg, mm, pw,
mofulumira ndi mosadodoma.
sh, zw, zy, nkh, ngw, mts, mbw, ndw,
 asonyeza kaphunzitsidwe ka
thw, thy, tsw, msw, nsw, mpw, ntch,
nsanamira ya kumva ndi
nkhw, mphw, mtch, nthw, mtsw ndi
kutchula maliwu, kuzindikira
mnkhw.
malembo ndi maliwu ake ndi
nsanamira ya kuwerenga Kuwerenga molondola, mofulumira
ndi mosadodoma
molondola, mofulumira ndi
Uku ndi kuzindikira maliwu ndi
mosadodoma mu Sitandade 1
mawu mosataya nthawi.
mpaka 4.
10
Kudziwa mawu ndi matanthauzo Ntchito 2 Kusonyeza
ake kaphunzitsidwe ka kumva
Uku ndi kudziwa matanthauzo a ndi kutchula maliwu mu
mawu osiyanasiyana m’chiyankhulo. Sitandade 1 ndi 2
Kumvetsa nkhani 1 Unikani ntchito za nsanamira ya

Uku ndi kumvetsetsa nkhani yomwe kumva ndi kutchula maliwu.
munthu wamva kapena kuwerenga. 2 Sonyezani momwe
mungaphunzitsire ntchito za
Ntchito 1 Kufotokoza nsanamira ya
nsanamira ya kumva ndi kutchula
kumva ndi kutchula
maliwu.
maliwu
3 Zukutani phunziro lililonse.
1 Pezani zitsanzoza ntchito za
nsanamira ya kumva ndi kutchula
 Muonetsetse kuti ophunzira
maliwu kuchokera m’buku la
akutsatira njira yoyamba ndi
mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira la
mphunzitsi, mphunzitsi ndi
Sitandade 1.
ophunzira, kenaka ophunzira
2 Kambiranani zitsanzozomwe
paokha moyenera.
mwapeza.
 Muonetsetse kuti muli ndi mabuku
a mphunzitsi a Sitandade 1 ndi 2.
mwakambirana.

 Mutsogolere ophunzira kupeza
kuzindikira malembo ndi
zitsanzo za ntchito za nsanamira
maliwu ake
ya kumva ndi kutchula maliwu
(Phonological awareness routines). 1 Pezani malembo omwe
 Muonetsetse kuti mwalemberatu akuphunzitsidwa mu Sitandade 1
zitsanzo zisanu za ntchito ya ndi 2.
nsanamira ya kumva ndi kutchula 2 Kambiranani katchulidwe ka
maliwu. malembowa.
 Musonyeze ophunzira kachitidwe 3 Sonyezani anzanu zomwe
ka ntchito (routine) iliyonse. mwakambirana.
 Muombe mkota pa ntchito yomwe 4 Perekani maganizo anu pa zomwe
ophunzira achita. anzanu asonyeza.
11
Ntchito 5 Kusonyeza
kaphunzitsidwe ka
kuzindikira malembo ndi
 Mulemberetu malembo onse pa
maliwu ake mu Sitandade
tchati.
1 ndi 2
 Musonyeze ophunzira
katchulidwe ka liwu lililonse. 1 Unikani ntchito zophunzitsira
 Muthandize ophunzira kutchula nsanamira ya kuzindikira
maliwu a malembowa moyenera. malembo ndi maliwu ake.
 Muchite ntchitoyi 2 Sonyezani momwe
mobwerezabwereza mpaka mungaphunzitsire ntchitozo.
ophunzira atadziwa bwino 3 Zukutani phunziro lililonse.
katchulidwe ka maliwu a
malembowa.
Ntchito 4 Kukambirana zitsanzo za akutsatira njira yoyamba ndi
ntchito zophunzitsira mphunzitsi, mphunzitsi ndi
nsanamira ya kuzindikira ophunzira, kenaka ophunzira
malembo ndi maliwu paokha moyenera.
1 Pezani zitsanzo za ntchito
zophunzitsira nsanamira ya
kuzindikira malembo ndi maliwu Ntchito 6 Kufotokoza nsanamira ya
ake kuchokera m’buku la kuwerenga molondola,
mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira la mofulumira ndi
Sitandade 1 ndi 2. mosadodoma
2 Kambiranani zitsanzo zomwe
1 Pezani ntchito zosiyanasiyana
mwapeza.
zomwe zingathandize ophunzira
3 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe kuwerenga molondola,
mwakambirana. mofulumira ndi mosadodoma
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi kuchokera m’mabuku a
aphunzitsi a Sitandade 1 mpaka 4.
 Mutsogolere ophunzira kupeza 2 Kambiranani njira zomwe
zitsanzo za ntchito zophunzitsira zingathandize ophunzira
nsanamira ya kuzindikira kuwerenga molondola,
mofulumira ndi mosadodoma pa
malembo ndi maliwu ake.
ntchito zomwe mwapeza.
 Musonyeze ophunzira kachitidwe
ka ntchito (routine) iliyonse.
mwakambirana.
 Muombe mkota pa ntchitoyi.
12
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi potsatira nsanamira zitatu izi: kumva
 Mufufuziretu njira zomwe ndi kutchula maliwu, kuzindikira
zingathandize ophunzira malembo ndi maliwu ake, kuwerenga
kuwerenga molondola, molondola, mofulumira ndi
mofulumira ndi mosadodoma. mosadodoma. Pomaliza, mwazukuta
 Musonyeze ophunzira kachitidwe maphunziro omwe mwasonyeza.
ka njira iliyonse.
Kudziunika ndi kudziyesa
1 Fotokozani nsanamira zisanu za
kuwerenga.
Ntchito 7 Kusonyeza 2 Fotokozani njira zosiyanasiyana
kaphunzitsidwe ka zothandiza ophunzira kuwerenga
kuwerenga molondola, molondola, mofulumira ndi
mofulumira ndi mosadodoma.
mosadodoma m’Sitandade
Matanthauzo a mawu
1 mpaka 4
Liwu chimene chimamveka
1 Unikani njira zophunzitsira m’khutu poimba nyimbo,
nsanamira ya kuwerenga ng’oma, beru ndi zina
molondola, mofulumira ndi
Mabuku
mosadodoma.
Adams, MJ (1994). Beginning to read:
2 Sonyezani momwe
thinking and learning about print.
First Edition. England: The MIT
molondola, mofulumira ndi Press.
mosadodoma. Caldwell, JS (2014). Reading assessment:
3 Zukutani phunziro lililonse. a primer for teachers in the core
era.Third Edition. New York:
The Guilford Press.
Centre for Language Studies (2000).
Mtanthauzira mawu wa
mphunzitsi, mphunzitsi ndi Chinyanja. Blantyre: Dzuka.
paokha moyenera. Cunningham, PM and Allington, RL
(2011). Classrooms that work:
they can all read and write. Fifth
Edition. Boston: Pearson.
Maphunziro a m’sukulu za
M’mutu uno, mwaphunzira
uphunzitsi m’Malawi:
nsanamira zisanu za kuwerenga.
Chichewa buku la mphunzitsi,
Mwasonyeza momwe
Domasi: MIE.
13
Malawi Institute of Education (2008). Student teacher’s handbook 2
Initial primary teacher education
(IPTE): English tutor’s Kuwerenga koonjezera
handbook. Domasi: MIE. https://www.readnaturally.com/resear
ch/5-components-of-reading
Malawi Institute of Education, (2009).
http://www.scsk12.org/scs/subjectarea
Initial Primary Teacher
s/kweb/images/nationalreadingpanel_
Education (IPTE) through
faq.pdf
Open and Distance Learning
https://cehdvision2020.umn.edu/blog/
(ODL): Chichewa Module 1.
helping-kids-with-reading/
First Edition. Lilongwe: MIE
Domasi
Vacca, RT etal (2014). Content Area

reading: literacy and learning
across the curriculum. 11th
Edition. Upper Saddle River –
NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
14
MUTU 5 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kuwerenga (kupitiriza)
Luso: Kuwerenga
Nthawi: Maola 7 Mawu otsogolera
Chigawo: Choyamba Kuphunzitsa kuwerenga pogwiritsa
ntchito nsanamira zisanu za
kuwerenga kumathandiza ophunzira
Chiyambi kuzamitsa luso la kuwerenga.
Kuwerenga ndi limodzi mwa maluso Mphunzitsi ayenera kudziwa ndi
ofunika kwambiri m’phunziro la kumvetsa bwino nsanamirazi.
Chichewa. Mphunzitsi ayenera
kudziwa momwe ayenera Ntchito 1 Kufotokoza nsanamira ya
kuphunzitsira lusoli kuti athe kudziwa mawu ndi
kuphunzitsa moyenera. M’mutu 4 matanthauzo ake
munaphunzira za luso la kuwerenga. 1 Kambiranani njira zothandiza
M’mutuwo munaphunzira momwe ophunzira kupeza matanthauzo a
mungaphunzitsire kuwerenga mawu atsopano.
m’sukulu zapulayimale potsatira zina 2 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe
mwa nsanamira zisanu zophunzitsira mwakambirana
kuwerenga. 3 Pezani njira zosiyanasiyana
zomwe zingathandize ophunzira
M’mutu uno, mupitiriza kuphunzira kudziwa mawu ndi matanthauzo
nsanamira ya kudziwa mawu ndi ake kuchokera m’mabuku a
matanthauzo ake ndi ya kumvetsa aphunzitsi a Sitandade 1 mpaka 4.
nkhani. 4 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe
mwapeza.
Pakutha pa mutu uno, ophunzira: Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
 afotokoza nsanamira ya  Mufufuziretu njira zomwe
kudziwa mawu ndi zingathandize ophunzira kupeza
matanthauzo ake. mawu atsopano ndi matanthauzo
 asonyeza kaphunzitsidwe ka ake.
nsanamira ya kudziwa mawu  Musonyeze ophunzira kachitidwe
ndi matanthauzo ake. ka njirazi.
 afotokoza nsanamira ya  Muombe mkota pa ntchito
kumvetsa nkhani. yomwe ophunzira achita.
nsanamira ya kumvetsa
nkhani.
15
Ntchito 2 Kusonyeza
kaphunzitsidwe ka
kupeza matanthauzo a Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
mawu m’Sitandade 1  Mutsogolere ophunzira
mpaka 4 kusiyanitsa ntchito za
1 Unikani njira zophunzitsira kumvetsera nkhani ndi
nsanamira ya kupeza kumvetsa nkhani zomwe
matanthauzo a mawu. ophunzira awerenga.
2 Sonyezani momwe  Muombe mkota pa ntchito
mungaphunzitsire ophunzira yomwe ophunzira achita.
kupeza matanthauzo a mawu
Ntchito 4 Kusonyeza
pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi.
kaphunzitsidwe ka
kumvetsa nkhani
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi m’Sitandade 1 mpaka 4
 Muonetsetse kuti ophunzira 1 Kambiranani njira zophunzitsira

akutsatira njira yoyamba ndi kumvetsa nkhani m’Sitandade 1
mphunzitsi, mphunzitsi ndi mpaka 4.
ophunzira, kenaka ophunzira 2 Pezani njirazi m’mabuku a
paokha moyenera. aphunzitsi a Sitandade 1 mpaka 4.
 Muombe mkota pa ntchito yomwe 3 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe
ophunzira achita. mwapeza.
4 Unikani njira zophunzitsira
nsanamira ya kumvetsa nkhani.
kumvetsa nkhani
5 Sonyezani momwe
1 Kambiranani kaphunzitsidwe ka mungaphunzitsire kumvetsa
kumvetsa nkhani m’sitandade 1 nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi.
mpaka 4. 6 Zukutani phunziro lililonse.
2 Pezani ntchito za kumvetsa
nkhani kuchokera m’mabuku a
aphunzitsi a Sitandade 1 mpaka 4.  Mufufuziretu njira zophunzitsira
3 Kambiranani kusiyana kwa kumvetsa nkhani mu Sitandade 1
ntchito za kumvetsera nkhani ndi mpaka 4.
kumvetsa nkhani yomwe  Musonyeze ophunzira kachitidwe
ophunzira awerenga. ka njirazi.
4 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe  Muonetsetse kuti ophunzira
mwapeza. akutsatira njira yoyamba ndi
16
yomwe
Ntchito 6: Kusonyeza
Ntchito 5: Kuonerera phunziro la kaphunzitsidwe ka
kuwerenga pogwiritsa phunziro la kuwerenga
ntchito nsanamira za potsatira nsanamira za
kuwerenga mu Sitandade kuwerenga
1 mpaka 4
1. Kambiranani m’magulu
1. Kambiranani mfundo zoyenera momwe mungaphunzitsire
kutsatira poonerera phunziro phunziro la kuwerenga mu
la kuwerenga m’makalasi a Sitandade 1 mpaka 4.
Sitandade 1 mpaka 4. 2. Sonyezani momwe
 Kodi mphunzitsi akutsatira mungaphunzitsire phunziro
dongosolo loyenera loyamba lomwe mwakonza.
ndi mphunzitsi, mphunzitsi 3. Kambiranani momwe phunziro
ndi ophunzira kenako layendera.
ophunzira paokha?
 Kodi mphunzitsi akutsatira
 Mufufuziretu njira zophunzitsira
dongosolo loonetsetsa kuti
kumvetsa nkhani m’Sitandade 1
ophunzira akumvetsa zomwe
mpaka 4.
akuphunzira?
 Musonyeze ophunzira kachitidwe
 Ndi nsanamira ziti zimene
ka njirazi.
zaphunzitsidwa?
 Phunziro latenga nthawi
yochuluka bwanji?
 Lembani zina zomwe mwaona.
2. Onererani phunziro la
kuwerenga pogwiritsa ntchito
mfundo zomwe
paokha moyenera.
mwakambirana.
3. Kambiranani zomwe mwaona.
M’mutu uno mwaphunzira nsanamira
 Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira ziwiri za kuwerenga. Mwafotokoza za
akudziwa zoyenera kuchita kudziwa mawu ndi matanthauzo ake
poonerera phunziro. ndi kumvetsa nkhani. Kenaka,
 Limbikitsani ophunzira kulemba mwasonyeza momwe
zomwe akuona. mungaphunzitsire kuwerenga
pogwiritsa ntchito nsanamirazi.
17
Potsiriza, mwaonerera ndi kuzukuta Malawi Institute of Education
maphunziro a kuwerenga. (2008).Initial primary teacher
education (IPTE): English tutor’s
Kudziunika ndi kudziyesa handbook, Domasi: MIE.
1. Fotokozani njira
zosiyanasiyana zothandiza Ministry of Education, Science and
ophunzira kupeza Technology (2009). Initial
matanthauzo a mawu Primary Teacher Education
atsopano. through Open and Distance
2. Pa maphunziro omwe Learning (ODL): Chichewa
munaonerera, ndi zinthu ziti Module 1. First Edition.
zomwe sizinayende bwino? Lilongwe: DTED.
Mabuku Vacca, RT etal (2014). Content area

reading: Literacy and learning
Adams, M.J. (1994). Beginning to read: across the curriculum. 11th
thinking and learning about print. Edition. Upper Saddle River –
First Edition. England: The MIT NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Press.
Caldwell, JS (2014). Reading
Kuwerenga koonjezera
Assessment: a primer for teachers
https://www.readnaturally.com/resear
in the core era.Third Edition.
ch/5-components-of-reading
New York: The Guilford Press.
Centre for Language Studies (2000). http://www.scsk12.org/scs/subjectarea
Mtanthauzira mawu wa s/kweb/images/nationalreadingpanel_
Chinyanja. Blantyre: Dzuka. faq.pdf
Cunningham, PM and Allington, RL
https://cehdvision2020.umn.edu/blog/
(2011). Classrooms that work:
helping-kids-with-reading/
they can all read and write. Fifth
Edition. Boston: Pearson.
Chichewa buku la Mphunzitsi.
Domasi: MIE.
18
MUTU 6 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kukonzekera kulemba
Luso : Kulemba
phunziro la kukonzekera kulemba
Nthawi: Maola 4
Chigawo: Choyamba akuyenera kutsatira ndondomeko
zomwe zimathandiza ophunzira
kukhala ndi chidwi ndi phunziro.
Chiyambi Imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe
Mphunzitsi ayenera kuchita ntchito mphunzitsi angachite ndi ophunzira
zosiyanasiyana m’phunziro la ndi kulemba zitchetche. Zitchetchezi
konzekera kulemba. Izi zimathandiza zimalembedwa mosiyanasiyana
ophunzira kuti aphunzire kulemba motere:
mosavuta. Choncho mphunzitsi
ayenera kutsatira ndondomeko ya Kwera tsika kwera tsika
phunziro la kulemba moyenera. Chitchetche chothandiza polemba
malembo awa: A, M, N, W, X, V ndi Y
M’mutu uno, muphunzira ntchito monga:
zomwe mphunzitsi angachite ndi
ophunzira pa phunziro la
kukonzekera kulemba. Mufotokoza
kufunika kwa zitchetche. Kenaka, Tsika zungulira kwera
mulemba ndondomeko yophunzitsira
Chitchetche chothandiza polemba
phunziro la kukonzekera kulemba.
malembo awa: o, u, a, b, c, e, g, l ndi t
Pomaliza musonyeza momwe
monga:
mungaphunzitsire kukonzekera
kulemba.
Pakutha pa mutu uno, ophunzira: Kwera zungulira tsika
 afotokoza ntchito zomwe Chitchetche chothandiza polemba

mphunzitsi angachite ndi malembo awa: c, o, m, n ndi a monga:
kukonzekera kulemba.
 asonyeza kaphunzitsidwe ka Kwera potoloza tsika
Chitchetche chothandiza polemba
Mawu otsogolera malembo awa: s, f ndi g.
Pali ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe
mphunzitsi angachite ndi ophunzira
m’phunziro la kukonzekera kulemba.
Pamene mphunzitsi akuphunzitsa
Ima gona
19
Chitchetche chothandiza polemba 3 Sonyezani anzanu zomwe
malembo awa: E, F, G, I, K, L ndi T mwalemba.
monga: 4 Kambiranani kufunika kwa
zitchetche.
Pendeka pingasa mwalemba.
Chitchetche chothandiza polemba Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi

malembo awa: Ww, K k, Vv ndi Yy  Mulemberetu mfundo zosonyeza
monga: kufunika kwa zitchetche.
Ntchito 3 Kulemba ndondomeko

Ntchito 1 Kufotokoza ntchito yophunzitsira phunziro
zomwe mphunzitsi la kukonzekera kulemba
angachite ndi ophunzira
1 Unikani ntchito zomwe
pa phunziro la
mphunzitsi angachite ndi
kukonzekera kulemba
1 Kambiranani ntchito zomwe kukonzekera kulemba.
mphunzitsi angachite ndi 2 Kambiranani ndondomeko
ophunzira pa phunziro la yophunzitsira phunziro la
kukonzekera kulemba. kukonzekera kulemba.
2 Lembani zomwe mwakambirana. 3 Lembani ndondomeko
3 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe yophunzitsira phunziro la
mwalemba. kukonzekera kulemba.
mwakambirana.
Mufufuziretu ntchito zomwe
mphunzitsiangachite ndi ophunzira Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
pa phunziro la kukonzekera kulemba.  Mulemberetu ndondomeko
yophunzitsira phunziro la
Ntchito 2 Kufotokoza kufunika kwa
zitchetche
1 Unikani zitchetche
zosiyanasiyana.
2 Lembani zitchetche
zosiyanasiyana.
20
Ntchito 4 Kuonerera phunziro la Ntchito 5 Kusonyeza
kukonzekera kulemba kaphunzitsidwe ka kukonzekera
kulemba
1. Kambiranani mfundo zoyenera
kutsatira poonerera phunziro 1 Unikani ndondomeko
la kukonzekera kulemba mu yophunzitsira phunziro la
Sitandade 1 ndi 2 motere: kukonzekera kulemba yomwe
 Kodi mphunzitsi akutsatira munalemba.
dongosolo loyenera loyamba 2 Sonyezani momwe
ndi mphunzitsi, mphunzitsi mungaphunzitsire kukonzekera
ndi ophunzira, kenaka kulemba mu Sitandade 1.
ophunzira paokha? 3 Perekani maganizo anu pa ntchito
 Kodi mphunzitsi akutsatira yomwe anzanu achita.
dongosolo loonetsetsa kuti
ophunzira akumvetsa zomwe
akuphunzira?
ophunzira achita.
 Kodi ophunzira akupatsidwa
mpata wokwanira woyesera Kufotokoza mwachidule
kulemba? M’mutu uno mwaphunzira zomwe
 Phunziro latenga nthawi mphunzitsi angachite ndi ophunzira
yochuluka bwanji? pa phunziro la kukonzekera kulemba.
 Lembani zina zomwe Mwafotokoza kufunika kwa
mwaona. zitchetche. Pomaliza, mwaphunzitsa,
2. Onererani phunziro la mwaonera ndi kuzukuta phunziro la
kukonzekera kulemba. kukonzekera kulemba.
3. Kambiranani zomwe mwaona.
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi 1 Fotokozani ntchito zitatu zomwe
 Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira mungachite ndi ophunzira pa
akudziwa zoyenera kuchita. phunziro la kukonzekera
 Limbikitsani ophunzira kulemba kulemba.
zomwe akuona. 2 Fotokozani zitsanzo ziwiri za
 Onetsetsani kuti mwabweretsa zitchetche.
mabuku ophunzitsira Chichewa 3 Yerekezani kuti mphunzitsi wa
mu Sitandade 1 mpaka 4. Sitandade 1 amanyozera
 Perekani nthawi yokwanira kuti kuphunzitsa phunziro la
ophunzira akonzekere phunziro kukonzekera kulemba pogwiritsa
lophunzitsa kuwerenga. ntchito zitchetche. Kodi
mungamulangize zotani?
21
Matanthauzo a mawu zauphunzitsi m’Malawi buku la
Zitchetche: mapatani osiyanasiyana mphunzitsi. Domasi: MIE.
omwe amathandiza
Kuwerenga koonjezera
ophunzira kulemba
Unduna wa za maphunziro (1998).
malembo
Student teachers handbook 2
Mabuku (Revised draft version).
Malawi Institute of Education (2008). Domasi: MIE.
Maphunziro a m’sukulu
22
MUTU 7 Kaphunzitsidwe ka mitundu ya kulemba
Luso: Kulemba
Kulemba
Nthawi: Maola 1
kolumikiza/kwachikhukhudza/
Chigawo: Choyamba
moguza
Chiyambi
Kulemba ndi luso limene munthu Kulemba kwachikhukhudza kulipo
aliyense ayenera kulidziwa. Luso la kwa mitundu iwiri.
kulemba limathandiza ophunzira
Kulemba kwachipama
kudziwa kulemba nkhani zochitika
Kulemba kotereku adayambitsa ndi
ndi zopeka m’njira zosiyanasiyana.
Austin Palmer wa ku America.
M’mutu uno, muphunzira mitudu Kulemba kwachipama kumakhala ndi
iwiri ya kulemba. Kenaka musonyeza timichira ndi makaka ambiri monga:
momwe mungaphunzitsire mitundu
iwiriyi.
Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Kulemba kwa chimariyoni

Pakutha pa mutu uno, ophunzira Kulemba kotereku adayambitsa ndi
asonyeza kaphunzitsidwe ka mitundu Mngerezi wotchedwa Marion
ya kulemba. Richardson. Malembo a kulemba kwa
Mawu otsogolera chimariyoni amaweramira
Luso la kulemba ndi lofunika mu njira chakutsogolo pang’ono komanso
zosiyanasiyana. Choncho n’kofunika amagonera mbali imodzi monga:
kuti mphunzitsi aphunzitse moyenera
ndi cholinga chokulitsa lusoli mwa
ophunzira. Pali mitundu iwiri ya
Ntchito 1 Kufotokoza mitundu ya
kulemba yotsatirayi:
kulemba
Kulemba kosalumikiza
1 Kambiranani tanthauzo la
Uku ndi kulemba
kulemba.
kwachimodzichimodzi kapena
2 Kambiranani mitundu ya
kosindikiza monga:
kulemba.
mwakambirana.

ophunzira achita.
23
Ntchito 2 Kulemba ziganizo M’muto uno, mwaphunzira kufunika
potsatira mitundu ya kwa kulemba. Mwaphunzira mitundu
kulemba yakulemba. Kenaka, mwasonyeza
momwe mungaphunzitsire phunziro
1 Unikani mitundu iwiri ya
la mitundu ya kulemba.
kulemba.
2 Lembani ziganizo potsatira Kudziunika ndi kudziyesa
mitundu iwiri ya kulemba. 1 Fotokozani kufunika kwa
3 Sonyezani anzanu zomwe kulemba.
mwalemba. 2 Fotokozani mitundu iwiri ya
4 Perekani maganizo anu pa kulemba.
ntchito yomwe anzanu achita. 3 Perekani maganizo anu pa
mitundu iwiri ya kulemba.
Muonetsetse kuti muli ndi zitsanzo Matanthauzo a mawu
za mitundu ya kulemba. Kulemba: Kusindikiza malembo
moyenera kuti aoneke
Ntchito 3 Kusonyeza
bwino ndicholinga
kaphunzitsidwe ka
chopereka tanthauzo
mitundu ya kulemba
lomveka bwino.
1 Konzekerani phunziro la mitundu
Mabuku
ya kulemba.
2 Sonyezani momwe
Maphunziro a msukulu
mungaphunzitsire mitundu ya
zauphunzitsi m’Malawi buku
kulemba mu Sitandade 3.
lamphunzitsi. Domasi: MIE
3 Zukutani maphunziro a anzanu.
(Revised draft version).
ophunzira achita.
Domasi: MIE.
24
MUTU 8 Kulemba dongosolo la ntchito
Luso: Kulemba zomwe angalembe m’gawo lililonse.
Nthawi: Maola 3 Magawo a dongosolo la ntchito alipo
Chigawo: Choyamba asanu ndi limodzi. Magawowa ndi
awa:
Chiyambi
Sabata ndi masiku
Ophunzira uphunzitsi ayenera
Mu gawo ili mphunzitsi amalemba
kuphunzira kalembedwe ka sabata ndi masiku omwe aphunzitse
dongosolo la ntchito chifukwa luso la ntchito yomwe wakonza.
kuphunzitsa lagona pa kukonzekera
ntchito yokaphunzitsa. Dongosolo la Zizindikiro za kakhozedwe
ntchito limaonetsa mwatsatanetsatane Izi ndi zomwe ophunzira achite
ntchito zoyenera kukaphunzitsa posonyeza kuti amvetsa zomwe
aphunzira.
ophunzira.
M’mutu uno, muphunzira zifukwa Ntchito yokaphunzitsa

zolembera dongosolo la ntchito. Uwu ndi mndandanda wa mitu ya
ntchito yomwe mphunzitsi amakonza
Muphunzira zofunika kuganizira
kuti akaphunzitse pa sabata iliyonse.
polemba dongosolo la ntchito
komanso mufotokoza kalembedwe Njira zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi
kake. Potsiriza mulemba dongosolo la zoyesera
ntchito.
Izi ndi njira zomwe mphunzitsi
Zizindikiro za kakhozedwe amagwiritsa ntchito pophunzitsa mitu
Pakutha pa mutu uno, ophunzira yomwe wakonza.
alemba dongosolo la ntchito.
Zipangizo zophunzitsira,
Mawu otsogolera zophunzirira ndi zoyesera
Munthu pofuna kupambana pa Izi ndi zinthu zonse zimene
zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku ayenera mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira agwiritse
kulemba ndondomeko ya zomwe ntchito pa mitu yomwe mphunzitsi
akufuna kuchita. Choncho n’kofunika wakonza.
kuti mphunzitsi azikonzeratu ntchito
yokaphunzitsa. Mphunzitsi amene Mabuku
salemberatu dongosolo la ntchito Awa ndi mabuku omwe mphunzitsi
ndi ophunzira angagwiritse ntchito
amalephera kuphunzitsa bwino. Ndi
pophunzitsa ndi kuphunzira ntchito
bwino kuti mphunzitsi azindikire
yomwe mphunzitsi wakonza.
momwe angalembere dongosolo la
ntchito. Akuyeneranso kudziwa
magawo a dongosolo la ntchito ndi
25
Chitsanzo cha dongosolo la ntchito
Chitsanzo cha dongosolo la ntchito ya

Sitandade 3
Sabata Zizindikiro za Ntchito Njira Zipangizo Mabuku Zomwe Ndamanga

ndi kakhozedwe yokaphunzitsa zophunzitsira, zophunzitsira, ophunzira
masiku zophunzirira zophunzirira akuchita
ndi zoyesera ndi zoyesera
1 Ophunzira: Mutu 2: Kufunsa ndi Malawi

Phunziro 1 ndi 2: kuyankha Zithunzi Institute of
 amva
mafunso Education.
katchulidwe  kuzindikira
10 May, Makadi a (2017)
ka /nd/ liwu la /nd/
2017 mawu Chichewa
 awerenga  kuwerenga buku la
maphatikizo maphatikizo mphunzitsi la
Makadi a
ndi mawu ndi mawu Sitandade 2.
maphatikizo
okhala ndi Domasi : M.I.E
okhala ndi
/nd/ Tsamba …
mpaka /nd/ Mtengo wa
mpaka…
Phunziro 3 ndi 4: mawu
Malawi
14 May,  alosera  kulosera ndi Ntchito ya Mabuku Institute of
2017 nkhani kuwerenga awiriawiri oonjezera Education.
26
nkhani (2017).
 awerenga  kuwerenga Chichewa
nkhani nkhani buku la
mofulumira Ophunzira la
mofulumira
Sitandade 2.
Phunziro 5 ndi 6: Domasi : M.I.E
Tsamba…
 atsiriza  Kutsiriza
mpaka…
mawu mawu
 amvetsera  Kumvetsera Ntchito ya
nthano m’magulu
nthano
 Kutchula
 atchula /ch/
liwu la /ch/ Ntchito ya
 alemba
 Kulemba mmodzimmod
mawu okhala zi
mawu okhala
ndi ch
ndi ch
 apanga Kusonyeza
 Kupanga
mawu okhala
mawu okhala
ndi ch
ndi ch
 awerenga Phunziro 7 ndi 8:

nkhani
 Kuwerenga
nkhani
 apereka
matanthauzo
27
a mawu  Kupereka
matanthauzo
a mawu
 Kulemba
mawu
(Ntchito B)
 awerega
mabuku Phunziro 9 ndi 10:
oonjezera  Kuwerenga
 asonyeza mabuku
ntchito oonjezera ndi
yomwe kuyesa
achita ophunzira
m’sabatayi
 Kubwereza
 abwereza
ntchito ya
ntchito
m’sabatayi
yomwe
sanachite
bwino
m’sabatayi
28
Ntchito 1 Kufotokoza zifukwa 3 Lembani dongosolo la ntchito.
zolembera dongosolo la 4 Sonyezani anzanu zomwe
ntchito mwalemba.
1 Kambiranani zifukwa zolembera
dongosolo la ntchito.
2 Kambiranani zofunika kuganizira Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
polemba dongosolo la ntchito. Mulemberetu chitsanzo cha
3 Lembani zomwe mwakambirana. dongosolo la ntchito.
mwalemba.
M’mutu uno, mwaphunzira zifukwa
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi zolembera dongosolo la ntchito.
 Mufufuziretu mfundo zosonyeza Mwaphunzira zofunika kuganizira
kufunika kolemba dongosolo la polemba dongosolo la ntchito. Kenaka
ntchito. mwafotokoza kalembedwe ka
 Mufufuziretu zofunika kuganizira dongosolo la ntchito. Potsiriza
polemba dongosolo la ntchito. mwalemba ndi kuzukuta dongosolo
la ntchito.

Ntchito 2 Kufotokoza kalembedwe
1 Fotokozani kufunika kwa
ka dongosolo la ntchito
magawo a zizindikiro za
1 Kambiranani kalembedwe ka kakhozedwe ndi mabuku mu
dongosolo la ntchito. dongosolo la ntchito.
2 Lembani zomwe mwakambirana. 2 Ndi ubwino wanji umene
3 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe ungapezeke polemberatu
mwalemba. dongosolo la ntchito?
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi Matanthauzo a mawu

Mulemberetu chitsanzo cha Dongosolo la ntchito mndandanda
dongosolo la ntchito. wa ntchito yomwe mphunzitsi
amakonza pa mitu yochokera mu
Ntchito 3 Kulemba dongosolo la
silabasi yokaphunzitsira yokwanira
ntchito
chigawo chimodzi kapena chaka
1 Unikani chitsanzo cha dongosolo chonse cha sukulu.
la ntchito.
Mabuku
2 Unikani mabuku a mphunzitsi
ndi a ophunzira a Sitandade 1
mpaka 8 kuti muone ntchito
zauphunzitsi m’Malawi buku la
yoyenera kulemba mu dongosolo
Mphunzitsi. Domasi: MIE
la ntchito.
29
Unduna wa za maphunziro (1998). Mtunda, FG et al (1997). An
Student teachers handbook 1 intoduction to the theory and
(Revised draft version). practice of teaching. Blantyre:
Domasi: MIE. Dzuka Publishing Company
Limited.
30
MUTU 9 Kulemba chikonzekero cha phunziro
Luso : Kulemba tsiku, nthawi, phunziro, luso ndi

Nthawi Maola 3 mutu womwe akukonzekera
Chigawo: Choyamba kukaphunzitsa.
Chiyambi Zizindikiro za kakhozedwe

Mphunzitsi akuyenera kulemba Zizindikiro za kakhozedwe
chikonzekero cha phunziro lililonse. zimasonyeza zomwe ophunzira achite
Choncho ndi kofunika kuti m’kalasi. N’kofunika kulemba
mphunzitsi azindikire momwe zizindikiro momveka bwino. Ziyenera
angalembere chikonzekero cha kukhala ndi aneni osonyeza kugwira
phunziro. ntchito, mawu osonyeza momwe
ophunzira achitire komanso
M’mutu uno, muphunzira kuonetsetsa kuti mu chizindikiro
kalembedwe ndi kagwiritsidwe chimodzi musakhale aneni awiri.
ntchito ka chikonzekero cha phunziro.
Zizindikiro za kakhozedwe Zipangizo zophunzitsira,

Pakutha pa mutu uno, ophunzira: zophunzirira ndi zoyesera
 afotokoza kufanana ndi kusiyana Mu gawoli mphunzitsi
kwa chikonzekero cha phunziro amasonyezamo zipangizo zonse
cholemberatu cha mu Sitandade 1 zimene agwiritse ntchito pophunzitsa.
mpaka 4 ndi chikonzero cha Zimathandizanso kuunikira ngati
phunziro cha mu Sitandade 5 ophunzira atsatira bwino phunzirolo
mpaka 8. kapena ayi.
 asonyeza kagwiritsidwe ntchito
ka chikonzekero cha phunziro Chiyambi cha phunziro
cholemberatu. Chiyambi cha phunziro ndi chofunika
kwambiri chifukwa chimapereka
chithunzithunzi cha zomwe
ophunzira akuyembekezera
Mawu otsogolera kuphunzira mu phunziro limenelo.
Chikonzekero cha phunziro chili ndi Chiyambi chiyenera kukhala
magawo asanu ndi limodzi.
chomveka bwino, chokondweretsa,
Magawowa ndi awa: chopatsa chidwi komanso
Zoyambirira (Mayambiro) chogwirizana ndi phunziro.
Zina mwa zomwe mphunzitsi Ndondomeko
amalemba mu gawo la zoyambirira Ili ndi gawo lomwe mphunzitsi
kapena mayambiro ndi izi: kalasi, amalembamo magawo a phunziro.
31
Magawowo ndi ntchito ndi njira Ntchito 2 Kulemba chikonzekero
yophunzitsira ntchitoyo. Polemba cha phunziro cha mu
ndondomeko, n’kofunika kuonetsetsa Sitandade 5 mpaka 8
kuti mphunzitsi watsata zizindikiro 1 Kambiranani kalembedwe ka
za kakhozedwe, wayala bwino lomwe chikonzekero cha phunziro.
mfundo mu gawo lililonse komanso 2 Lembani chikonzekero cha
kuti mfundozo zagwirizana bwino phunziro chomwe
n’cholinga chothandiza ophunzira mwakambirana pogwiritsa
kuti amvetse phunzirolo. ntchito mabuku a aphunzitsi ndi a
ophunzira a Sitandade 5 mpaka 8.
Mathero 3 Sonyezani anzanu zomwe
Ili ndi gawo lomwe limathandiza mwalemba.
mphunzitsi kudziwa ngati ophunzira
ake amvetsa bwino phunziro lomwe Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
amaphunzitsa. Zomwe zimachitika  Mulemberetu chitsanzo cha
m’gawoli ndi monga kubwereza chikonzekero cha phunziro cha
ntchito mwachidule, kufunsa mu Sitandade 5 mpaka 8.
ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe  Mutsogolere ophunzira kulemba
aphunzira kapena kuyankha mafunso, chikonzekero cha phunzirochi.
kuchita sewero, kulemba mawu
kapena ziganizo, kulakatula
Chitsanzo cha chikonzekero cha
ndakatulo ndi kuimba nyimbo.
phunziro cha Sitandade 5 mpaka 8
Kalasi: Sitandade 5
Ntchito 1 Kufotokoza zifukwa
Tsiku: 10 September, 2017
zolembera chikonzekero Phunziro: Chichewa
cha phunziro Nthawi: 8:00 mpaka 8:30 m’mawa
1 Kambiranani zifukwa zolembera Mutu1: Phunziro 4
chikonzekero cha phunziro.
2 Lembani zomwe mwakambirana. Zizindikiro za kakhozedwe
3 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe Ophunzira:
mwalemba.  apatsana moni.
 ayankha moni molondola.
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi  …………………………………
Mufufuziretu zifukwa zolembera  …………………………………
chikonzekero cha phunziro.  …………………………………
Zipangizo zophunzitsira,
zophunzirira ndi zoyesera
 Chithunzi cha anthu akupatsana
moni
32
 Chithunzi cha anthu Ntchito 3 Kufotokoza kagwiritsidwe
akutsanzikana ntchito ka chikonzekero
 …………………………………… cha phunziro
cholemberatu mu
Sitandade 1 mpaka 4
Zochita Zochita
mphunzitsi ophunzira 1 Unikani chikonzekero cha
Chiyambi phunziro cholemberatu cha mu
Uzani ophunzira Kufotokoza Sitandade 1 mpaka 4 (Scripted
kuti afotokoze zomwe anthu Lesson Plan) kuchokera mu buku
zomwe anthu amachita la mphunzitsi.
amachita popatsana moni. 2 Lembani mfundo zoyenera
popatsana moni. kutsatira pophunzitsa (Lesson
notes).
Ndondomeko mwalemba.
Gawo 1 ……………………
4 Kambiranani kufunika kolemba
………………… ……………………
mfundo zoyenera kutsatira
………………… …….
pophunzitsa.
………..
Gawo 2
………………… ……………………
………………… …………………… Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
………. ……..
 Mutsogolere ophunzira kulemba
Gawo 3
………………… ……………………
pophunzitsa.
………………… ……………………
 Mutsogolere ophunzira
………. ……..
kuzindikira kufunika kolemba
Mathero
………………… …………………… mfundo zoyenera kutsatira
………………… …………………… pophunzitsa.
……….. ……..
Ndamanga:
Chitsanzo cha mfundo zoyenera
Zomwe Zomwe Zoyenera kutsatira pophunzitsa (Lesson notes).
zayenda sizinayende kuchita Kalasi: Sitandade 2
Tsiku: 10 September, 2017
bwino bwino
Phunziro: Chichewa
Nthawi: 8:00 mpaka 8:30
m’mawa
Mutu: Mutu 1 phunziro 4
33
Zizindikiro za kakhozedwe achite paokha ndi momwe
Ophunzira: achitire.
 apatsana moni. Ntchito 3:
 ayankha moni molondola.  ……………………………………
 …………………………………… Lembani zomwe muphunzitse
………………………………… ndi momwe musonyezere.
Zipangizo zophunzitsira,  ……………………………………
zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Lembani zomwe inu ndi
 Chithunzi cha anthu akupatsana ophunzira muchite
moni ndi momwe muchitire.
 Chithunzi cha anthu  ……………………………………
akutsanzikana Lembani zomwe ophunzira
 …………………………………… achite paokha ndi momwe
……………………… achitire.
Mathero:
Chiyambi Lembani mathero ogwirizana ndi
Imbani nyimbo iliyonse yogwirizana phunziro.
ndi phunziro.
Ndondomeko Ndamanga:
Ntchito 1: Zomwe Zomwe Zoyenera
 …………………………………… zayenda sizinayende kuchita
Lembani zomwe muphunzitse bwino bwino
ndi momwe musonyezere
 ……………………………………
Lembani zomwe inu ndi
ophunzira muchite Ntchito 4 Kufananitsa ndi
ndi momwe muchitire. kusiyanitsa chikonzekero cha
 …………………………………… phunziro cha mu Sitandade 5 mpaka
Lembani zomwe ophunzira 8 ndi chikonzekero cha phunziro
achite paokha cholemberatu cha mu Sitandade 1
ndi momwe achitire. mpaka 4.

Ntchito 2: 1 Fananitsani chikonzekero cha
 …………………………………… phunziro cha mu Sitandade 5
Lembani zomwe muphunzitse mpaka 8 ndi chikonzekero cha
ndi momwe musonyezere phunziro cholemberatu cha mu
 …………………………………… Sitandade 1 mpaka 4.
Lembani zomwe inu ndi 2 Siyanitsani chikonzekero cha
ophunzira muchite phunziro cha m’Sitandade 5
ndi momwe muchitire. mpaka 8 ndi chikonzekero cha
 …………………………………… phunziro cholemberatu cha mu
Lembani zomwe ophunzira Sitandade 1 mpaka 4.
34
3 Fananitsani zikonzekero ziwirizi Kufotokoza mwachidule
ndi mfundo zoyenera kutsata M’mutu uno mwaphunzira zifukwa
pophunzitsa (Lesson notes) zolembera chikonzekero cha phunziro
zomwe munalemba mu ntchito 3. ndipo mwalemba chikonzekero cha
4 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe phunziro. Mwasonyeza momwe
mwapeza. mungagwiritsire ntchito chikonzekero
cha phunziro cholemberatu mu
Sitandade 1 mpaka 4. Mwafananitsa
ndi kusiyanitsa chikonzekero cha
 Mutsogolere ophunzira
phunziro cholemberatu cha Sitandade
kufananitsa chikonzekero cha
1 mpaka 4 ndi cha Sitandade 5 mpaka
phunziro cha m’Sitandade 5
8. Pomaliza, mwasonyeza momwe
mpaka 8 ndi chikonzekero cha
mungagwiritsire ntchito chikonzekero
phunziro cholemberatu cha mu
cha phunziro cholemberatu
Sitandade 1 mpaka 4 komanso
pophunzitsa mu Sitandade 1 mpaka 4.
pophunzitsa zomwe ophunzira Kudziunika ndi kudziyesa
analemba mu ntchito 3. 1 Fotokozani zomwe mungalembe
 Muombe mkota pa ntchito m’magawo a chikonzekero cha
yomwe ophunzira achita. phunziro.
2 Fotokozani ubwino ndi kuipa kwa
Ntchito 5 Kusonyeza kagwiritsidwe chikonzekero cha phunziro
ntchito ka chikonzekero cholemberatu.
cha phunziro
Matanthauzo a mawu
cholemberatu
Chikonzekero cha phunziro:
1 Unikaninso chikonzekero cha
Dongosolo la ntchito imene
phunziro cholemberatu.
mphunzitsi amalemba pokonzekera
2 Unikaninso mfundo zoyenera
kukaphunzitsa mosadodoma pa tsiku
kutsatira pophunzitsa.
lotsatira kuchokera mu dongosolo la
3 Sonyezani momwe
ntchito lomwe adalemba kale.
mungagwiritsire ntchito
chikonzekero cholemberatu Mabuku
pophunzitsa mu Sitandade 1 Malawi Institute of Education (2008).
mpaka 4. Maphunziro a msukulu
4 Perekani maganizo anu pa ntchito zauphunzitsi mMalawi buku la
yomwe anzanu achita. mphunzitsi. Domasi: MIE
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi Unduna wa za maphunziro (1998).

Muombe mkota pa ntchito yomwe Student teachers handbook 1
ophunzira achita. (Revised draft version).
Domasi: MIE.
35
Mtunda, FG et al (1997). An
Intoduction to the theory and
practice of teaching. Blantyre:
Dzuka.
Obanya, P (1980). General methods of

teaching. London: Macmillan
Education LTD.
36
MUTU10 Kulemba zotsatira za ntchito yomwe
ndaphunzitsa
limveke bwino. Izi zimathandiza

Luso: Kulemba
mphunzitsi kupeza njira zoyenera
Nthawi: Maola 1
kuti pamene akubwereza phunzirolo,
Chigawo: Choyamba
ophunzira amvetse. Kulemba
zotsatira za ntchito yomwe
Chiyambi ndaphunzitsa kumathadizanso
Ophunzira ayenera kuphunzira mphunzitsi kutsatira bwino mitu
kalembedwe ka zotsatira za ntchito imene waphunzitsa kale.
yomwe ndaphunzitsa. Gawoli ndi
lofunika chifukwa limasonyeza Ntchito 1 Kuunika dongosolo la
ntchito yomwe ophunzira achita ndi ntchito ndi chikonzekero
momwe ntchitoyo yayendera. cha phunziro
1 Unikani dongosolo la ntchito

M’mutu uno, muphunzira
lomwe mudalemba ndi
kalembedwe ka zotsatira za ntchito
chikonzekero cha phunziro
yomwe ndaphunzitsa.
chomwe mudagwiritsa nthito
Zizindikiro za kakhozedwe posonyeza kuphunzitsa.
Pakutha pa mutu uno, ophunzira 2 Lembani mfundo kuchokera mu
alemba zotsatira za ntchito yomwe gawo la ndamanga la
ndaphunzitsa. chikonzekero cha phunziro.
Mawu otsogolera 3 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe
Gawo la zotsatira za ntchito yomwe mwalemba.
ndaphunzitsa lili ndi magawo awiri Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
omwe ndi: zomwe ophunzira Muombe mkota pa ntchito yomwe
akuchita ndi ndamanga. Mphunzitsi ophunzira achita.
ayenera kudziwa kalembedwe ka
ndaphunzitsa. Mphunzitsi akuyenera Ntchito 2 Kulemba zotsatira za
kulemba zotsatira za ntchito yomwe ntchito yomwe
ndaphunzitsa kuti adziwe zomwe ndaphunzitsa
ophunzira amvetsa ndi zomwe
1 Kambiranani momwe
sanamvetse. Zikaoneka kuti
mungalembere zomwe ophunzira
ophunzira sanamvetse, mphunzitsi
akuchita ndi ndamanga.
amayenera kubwereza phunzirolo
2 Lembani zomwe ophunzira akuchita ndi
pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina
ndamanga pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo
zomuthandizira kuti phunzirolo
37
la ntchito ndi chikonzekero cha gawo la zotsatira za ntchito
phunziro. yomwe ndaphunzitsa?
Matanthauzo a mawu
mwalemba.
Zotsatira za ntchito yomwe
4 Zukutani ntchito yomwe anzanu ndaphunzitsa: Dongosolo lomwe
alemba. limasonyeza ntchito yomwe ophunzira
achita ndi momwe ntchitoyo yayendera
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi mu sabata.
 Muonenetse kuti muli ndi
Mabuku
chitsanzo cha zotsatira za ntchito
yomwe ndaphunzitsa.
zauphunzitsi m’Malawi Buku la
mphunzitsi. Domasi: MIE
M’mutu uno, mwaphunzira kulemba
(Revised draft version).
ndaphunzitsa. Kenaka, mwalemba
Domasi: MIE.
ndi kuzukuta gawo la zotsatira za
ntchito yomwe ndaphunzitsa. Mtunda, FG et al (1997). An
Intoduction to the theory and
practice of teaching. Blantyre:
1 Fotokozani zomwe mungalembe
Dzuka Publishing Company
m’magawo a zotsatira za ntchito
Limited.
yomwe ndaphunzitsa.
2 Pophunzitsa, mwazindikira kuti Obanya, P (1980). General methods of
ophunzira ambiri sanamvetse teaching. London: Macmillan
phunziro, mungalembe zotani mu Education LTD.
38
MUTU 11 Kaphunzitsidwe ka malamulo a chiyankhulo
Luso: Kugwiritsa ntchito
malamulo a chiyankhulo phunziro la kugwiritsa ntchito
malamulo a chiyankhulo
Nthawi: Maola 6
Mawu otsogolera
Chigawo: Choyamba:
Chiyankhulo chilichonse chimakhala
Chiyambi ndi malamulo ake amene
Luso la kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankhula
a chiyankhulo ndi lofunika kwambiri kapena polemba. Malamulowo ndi
kwa ophunzira. Mphunzitsi ofunika kwambiri chifukwa
akuyenera kuzindikira lusoli ndi amathandizira kuti zoyankhula
cholinga choti athandize ophunzira kapena zolemba zipereke tanthauzo
moyenera. lomveka bwino. Choncho ndi
koyenera kuti mphunzitsi azindikire
M’mutu uno, muphunzira kusiyana
kuphunzitsa moyenera phunziro la
kwa chiyankhulo cha Chichewa
cham’madera. Muphunzira kufunika
chiyankhulo.
kwa kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a
chiyankhulo. Muphunziranso Ntchito 1 Kufotokoza kusiyana kwa
kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oyenera chiyankhulo cha
m’chiganizo. Muchita kafukufuku wa Chichewa cha m’madera
mitundu ya mawu. Kenaka,
1 Kambiranani kusiyana kwa
mufotokoza njira ndi ndondomeko
chiyankhulo cha Chichewa
cham’madera.
zoyesera kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo
2 Lembani zomwe
a chiyankhulo. Pomaliza, musonyeza
mwakambirana.
momwe mungaphunzitsire phunziro
la kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a
mwalemba.
chiyankhulo.
Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe
Mufufuziretu zitsanzo zosonyeza
kusiyana kwa Chichewa
 afotokoza zomwe zimalepheretsa choyankhulidwa m’madera
ophunzira kugwirita ntchito osiyanasiyana.
malamulo a chiyankhulo.
 agwiritsa ntchito mawu oyenera
m’chiganizo.
39
Ntchito 2 Kufotokoza zomwe 2 Konzani ntchito yomwe
zimalepheretsa mungaphunzitse mu Sitandade
ophunzira kugwiritsa 4 ndi mayankho oyenera.
ntchito malamulo a 3 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe
chiyankhulo mwakonza.
4 Zukutani ntchito yomwe
1 Kambiranani kufunika kwa
anzanu akonza.
2 Kambiranani zomwe Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi
zimalepheretsa ophunzira
 Mukonzeretu mayankho a
Ntchito 3.
chiyankhulo.
 Muonetsetse kuti ntchito ndi
mayankho omwe ophunzira
akonza akugwirizana ndi ntchito
mwalemba.
yomwe apatsidwa.
5 Perekani maganizo anu pa zomwe
anzanu afotokoza. Ntchito 4 Kuchita kafukufuku wa
mitundu ya mawu
 Mufufuziretu mfundo zosonyeza 1 Kambiranani matanthauzo a
kufunika kwa malamulo a mitundu ya mawu iyi:
chiyankhulo. a. dzina
 Mufufuziretu zomwe b. mlowam’malo
zimalepheretsa ophunzira c. mneni
kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a d. mfotokozi
chiyankhulo. 2 Chitani kafukufuku wa mitundu
ya mawu omwe mwapatsidwa.
Ntchito 3 Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu
oyenera m’chiganizo
mwapeza.
1 Konzani ziganizo zotsatirazi
kuti zikhale m’Chichewa
 Muwapatsiretu ophunzira mitu
chomveka bwino.
ya ntchito yomwe afufuze.
a. Misozi amapanga mantha
 Limbikitsani ophunzira kuti apeze
kuyenda usika.
nthawi yapadera yochitira
b. A Beni ntchito yawo ndi
kafukufuku.
yofotokoza njinga.
c. Maliya akuchapa mbale.
d. Amayi avaya kumsika
kukagula ndiwo.
e. Mavuto akuchapa zovala
padeni.
40
Ntchito 5 Kufotokoza kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a
kaphunzitsidwe ndi chiyankhulo.
kayesedwe ka kugwiritsa 4 Perekani maganizo anu pa ntchito
ntchito malamulo a yomwe ophunzira anzanu achita.
chiyankhulo
1 Kambiranani njira zophunzitsira, Muombe mkota pa ntchito
zophunzirira ndi zoyesera yomwe ophunzira achita.
chiyankhulo.
M’mutu uno, mwaphunzira kusiyana
2 Kambiranani ndondomeko
kwa chiyankhulo cha Chichewa cha
yophunzitsira kugwiritsa ntchito
m’madera osiyanasiyana komanso
kufunika kwa kugwiritsa ntchito
malamulo a chiyankhulo. Mwachita
kafukufuku wa mitundu ya mawu.
mwalemba.
Kenaka, mwafotokoza njira ndi
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi ndondomeko zophunzitsira,
 Mufufuziretu njira zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera kugwiritsa
zophunzirira ndi zoyesera ntchito malamulo a chiyankhulo.
kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a Pomaliza, mwasonyeza
chiyankhulo. kaphunzitsidewe ka phunziro la
 Mufufuziretu ndondomeko kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a
yophunzitsira kugwiritsa ntchito chiyankhulo.
1 Fotokozani kufunika kwa
Ntchito 6 Kusonyeza
kaphunzitsidwe ka
chiyankhulo.
phunziro la kugwiritsa
2 Perekani mitundu ya nthawi za
ntchito malamulo a
aneni.
chiyankhulo
3 Fotokozani njira ziwiri
1 Unikani njira zophunzitsira, zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi
zophunzirira ndi zoyesera zoyesera phunziro la kugwiritsa
kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a ntchito malamulo a chiyankhulo.
chiyankhulo.
Matanthauzo a mawu
2 Unikaninso ndondomeko
Kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a
yophunzitsira kugwiritsa ntchito
chiyankhulo Luso la kutchula,
kuyankhula, kuwerenga, kulemba
3 Sonyezani momwe
mungaphunzitsire phunziro la
41
mawu ndi ziganizo moyenera ndi Chilora HG & Kathewera REM (2000).
molondola. Chinyanja Buku la mphunzitsi la
Fomu 1. Blantyre: Dzuka
Mabuku
Publishing Company Limited.
Maphunziro a m’sukulu Ngoma SJL& Chauma AM (2011).
zauphunzitsi m’Malawi buku la Tizame m’Chichewa Malamulo
mphunzitsi. Domasi: MIE. Ophunzitsira ndi ophunzirira
Chichewa. Blantyre: Bookland.
Nankwenya, IAJ(2008). Zofunika mu
galamala ya Chichewa. Blantyre:
Dzuka Publishing Company
Limited.
42
Mutu 12 Kaphunzitsidwe ka ndagi, nthano ndi sewero
Luso: Kuganiza mozama
ntchito zomwe zingakulitse luso la
Nthawi: Maola 6 kuganiza mozama.
Chigawo: Choyamba
Mawu otsogolera
Kuganiza mozama ndi luso lofunikira
Chiyambi kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu
Munthu aliyense amaganiza. aliyense. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti
Ngakhale kuti aliyense amaganiza, ophunzira saganiza mokwanira. Izi si
kuganiza kwathu kumakhala zoona. Mphunzitsi aliyense ayenera
kosiyana ngakhale pa chinthu kuzindikira kuti ophunzirawo ali ndi
chimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, pamalo zizindikiro zambiri zomwe
pakagwa vuto, pali anthu ena omwe zimasonyeza kuti iwo amaganiza
amasowa chochita pamene ena mozama. Zizindikirozo ndi izi:
amatha kuganiza mozama n’kupeza kukhala achidwi, kufunsafunsa
yankho logwira mtima lothetsera mafunso, kufuna kuphunzira,
vutolo. Kawirikawiri anthu omwe kusankha njira zochitira kanthu,
amaganiza mozama amachita zinthu kuika zinthu m’magulu kapena
zabwino ndipo amalemekezedwa m’ndondomeko, kukonda kusewera
komanso amadalirika. m’magulu komanso kuchita zisudzo.
Kuganiza mozama ndi limodzi mwa Ntchito yaikulu ya mphunzitsi ndi

maluso ofunika kwambiri mu kuthandiza komanso kulimbikitsa
phunziro la Chichewa. Ophunzira a ophunzirawa kuti apititse patsogolo
kupulayimale ayenera luso la kuganiza mozama akadali
kuphunzitsidwa kuganiza mozama aang’ono.
kuti adzakhale nzika zodalirika.
Ntchito 1 Kufotokoza kufunika kwa
M’mutu uno, muphunzira kufunika kuganiza mozama
kophunzitsa kuganiza mozama kwa 1 Kambiranani kufunika kwa
ophunzira a m’sukulu zapulayimale kuganiza mozama.
ndi kaphunzitsidwe kake. 2 Lembani zomwe mwakambirana.
mwakambirana.
 afotokoza ntchito zomwe

zingakulitse luso la kuganiza
Mupezeretu mfundo zosonyeza
mozama.
kufunika kwa kuganiza mozama.

43
Ntchito 2 Kufotokoza ntchito Ntchito 4 Kuonerera
zomwe zingakulitse luso kaphunzitsidwe ka
la kuganiza mozama ndagi, nthano ndi sewero
1 Kambiranani mitu ya ntchito 1. Kambiranani mfundo zoyenera

zomwe zingakulitse luso la kutsatira poonerera phunziro
kuganiza mozama. lophunzitsa ndagi, nthano ndi sewero.
2 Fufuzani mitu ya ntchito zomwe
a. Kodi mphunzitsi akutsatira
zingakulitse luso la kuganiza
ndondomeko yophunzitsira
mozama yomwe ikupezeka
ndagi, nthano ndi sewero?
m’mabuku a Sitandade 1 ndi 2.
b. Kodi mphunzitsi akuonetsetsa
kuti ophunzira akumvetsa
mwapeza.
zomwe akuphunzira?
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi c. Kodi phunziro latenga nthawi
Mufufuziretu mitu ya ntchito zomwe yochuluka bwanji?
zingakulitse luso la kuganiza mozama.
Ntchito 3 Kufotokoza ndondomeko  Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira
yophunzitsira ntchito akudziwa zoyenera kuchita
zothandiza kuganiza poonerera phunziro.
mozama  Limbikitsani ophunzira kulemba
1 Kambiranani ndondomeko zomwe akuona.
zophunzitsira ntchito zothandiza Ntchito 5 Kusonyeza
kuganiza mozama izi: kaphunzitsidwe ka
a. zilapi/ ndagi ntchito zothandiza
b. nthano kuganiza mozama
c. sewero
2 Lembani zomwe mwakambirana. 1 Unikani mitu ya ntchito zomwe
3 Fotokozerani anzanu zomwe zingakulitse luso la kuganiza
mwalemba. mozama kuchokera m’mabuku a
ophunzira.
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi 2 Unikani ndondomeko
 Mufufuziretu ndondomeko yophunzitsira ntchito zothandiza
zophunzitsira ntchito zothandiza kuganiza mozama.
kuganiza mozama. 3 Sonyezani momwe
 Musonyeze kuphunzitsa mungaphunzitsire ntchito zomwe
pogwiritsa ntchito zingakulitse luso la kuganiza
ndondomekozi. mozama.
44
Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi Malawi Institute of Education (2015).
Muombe mkota pa ntchito yomwe Critical thinking training manual
ophunzira achita. for Malawi. Domasi: MIE.
Kufotokoza mwachidule Malawi Institute of Education (2015).

M’mutu uno, mwaphunzira kufunika Malawi primary, secondary and
kwa kuganiza mozama. Mwafufuza teacher education: critical thinking
mitu ya ntchito zothandiza kuganiza training manual for Malawi.
mozama. Kenaka, mwafotokoza Domasi: MIE.
ndondomeko yophunzitsira ntchito
zothandiza kuganiza mozama.
Malawi primary, secondary and
Potsiriza, mwaphunzitsa ndi
teacher education: critical thinking
kuzukuta phunziro la ntchito
sourcebook for Malawi. Domasi:
zokulitsa luso la kuganiza mozama.
MIE.
1 M’mawu anuanu perekani
tanthauzo la ‘kuganiza mozama’.
2 Perekani mitu ya ntchito
zothandiza kuganiza mozama.
3 Fotokozani momwe ntchitozi
zingathandizire ophunzira
kuganiza mozama.
4 Fotokozani momwe
mungagwiritsire ntchito luso la
kuganiza mozama pa moyo wanu
wa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Matanthauzo a mawu
Kuganiza mozama kuunika zinthu
mwachidwi ndi kusinkhasinkha
mwakuya ndi cholinga chofuna
kudziwa kapena kupeza choonadi
Mabuku
Maphunziro a m’sukulu za
uphunzitsi m’Malawi Chichewa
buku la mphunzitsi. Domasi:
MIE.
45

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Initial Primary Teacher Education

Malawi Institute of Education

Malawi Institute of Education

©Malawi Institute of Education 2017

Zonse zam’bukumu n’zosati munthu akopere munjira ina iliyonse popanda

Kusindikiza koyamba kwa bukuli 2017

John Kunkumbira St Joseph’s Teachers College

Gertrude Mkandawire Blantyre Teachers’ College

Laston Mkhaya Montfort Special Needs College

Ndamyo Mwanyongo Kasungu Teachers’ College

Wisdom Nkhoma Domasi College of Education

Unduna wa za Maphunziro, Sayansi ndi Luso pamodzi ndi Malawi Institute of

Akuthokoza makamaka bungwe la UNICEF ndi GIZ chifukwa cha thandizo la

Undunawu ukuthokozanso mwapadera Mkulu wa Department of Inspectorate and

A MIE ndi Undunawu akuthokozanso a Frackson Manyamba, Foster NJ Gama,

Mkonzi : Max J Iphani

Wotayipa : Anastazia T Mbungulo

Choncho n’koyenera kuti maphunziro azikhala othandiza ophunzira kukhala a

Pali zinthu zambiri zimene zimathandiza kuti maphunziro akhale apamwamba.

Cholinga cha maphunziro a zauphunzitsi m’Malawi ndi kusula aphunzitsi ogwira

Ndondomeko younikanso maphunzirowa yatsogoloeredwa ndi lingaliro ili:

‘Kusula mphunzitsi wodziunika, wodzidalira, wozindikira kuti kuphunzira

Tikukhulupirira kuti sukulu zophunzitsa ntchito yauphunzitsi m’Malawi muno

Malawi Institute of Education

Kuthokoza ………………………………………………….. ……… v

Mawu otsogolera …………………………………………………….. vi

Mutu 1 Kufunika kwa phunziro la Chichewa………………... 1

Mutu 2 Silabasi, buku la mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira….….. 3

Mutu 3 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kumva ndi kuyankhula…….… 6

Mutu 4 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kuwerenga………………………. 10

Mutu 5 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kuwerenga (kupitiriza)………... 15

Mutu 6 Kaphunzitsidwe ka kukonzekera kulemba…………. 19

Mutu 7 Kuphunzitsa mitundu ya kulemba………………….. 23

Mutu 8 Kulemba dongosolo la ntchito………………………… 25

Mutu 9 Kulemba chikonzekero cha phunziro……………… 31

Mutu 10 Kulemba zotsatira za ntchito yomwe ndaphunzitsa.. 37

Mutu 11 Kaphunzitsidwe ka malamulo a chiyankhulo…… 39

Mutu 12 Kaphunzitsidwe ka ndagi, nthano ndi sewero………

Luso: Kumva ndi Ntchito 1: Kukambirana kufunika

Luso : Kumva ndi kuyankhula Mawu otsogolera

Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi Ntchito 5 Kufotokoza ndondomeko

Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi

Kumvetsa nkhani 1 Unikani ntchito za nsanamira ya

Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi

Vacca, RT etal (2014). Content Area

 Muonetsetse kuti ophunzira 1 Kambiranani njira zophunzitsira

Mabuku Vacca, RT etal (2014). Content area

 afotokoza ntchito zomwe Chitchetche chothandiza polemba

Chitchetche chothandiza polemba Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi

Ntchito 3 Kulemba ndondomeko

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Kulemba kwa chimariyoni

Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi

M’mutu uno, muphunzira zifukwa Ntchito yokaphunzitsa

Chitsanzo cha dongosolo la ntchito ya

Sabata Zizindikiro za Ntchito Njira Zipangizo Mabuku Zomwe Ndamanga

1 Ophunzira: Mutu 2: Kufunsa ndi Malawi

 awerenga Phunziro 7 ndi 8:

Kudziunika ndi kudziyesa

Malangizo kwa mphunzitsi Matanthauzo a mawu