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UPSC SYLLABUS
Geography (Physical Geography: World & India (Mains))

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Geography (Physical Geography: World & India (Mains))

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SUBJECTS GENERAL GEOGRAPHY GEOMORPHOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
History  Universe Earth’s Interior Hydrosphere
Theories of evolution of Universe Sources of Information about the Water on the Surface of the Earth
Geography  Star Formation Interior (Direct Sources, Indirect Hydrological Cycle
Formation of planets Sources - Earth Quake Wave, Submarine Relief Features
Geography (Prelims)  X
Earth Evolution& Basics Volcanoes) Relief of the Ocean floor
Physical Geography: Evolution of Earth Structure of the Earth’s Interior Divisions of the ocean floor
World & India (Mains)  Evolution of Atmosphere Mechanical and Chemical Minor relief features
Evolution of Hydrosphere categorization of internal structure Temperature and Salinity
Economic & Human
Earth’s Geological time scale Geology and Rock System Temperature of the Ocean Water
Geography (Mains) 
Origin of life Minerals Factors affecting Temperature
The Earth’s Movements-Revolution Major Elements of the Earth’s Crust distribution
Indian Society  and Rotation and Seasons Physical Characteristics Horizontal and Vertical Distribution
Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and Classification - Salinity of the Ocean Water
Polity & Governance  its ffects Rocks ( Aggregate of Minerals ) Factors affecting salinity
Classification Horizontals distribution of salinity
International Relations  Igneous Vertical Distribution of salinity
Sedimentary Density of Ocean Waters

Economy  Metamorphic Movements of Ocean Water

Rocks & landforms Factors influencing Movement
Rocks & Soils Waves
Science & Technology 
Geomorphic Processes Motion of waves
Endogenic Forces Characteristics of wave
Environment 
Diastrophism Tides
Orogenic Types of Tides
Internal Security  Epierogenic Importance of Tides
Earthquakes Ocean Currents
Ethics  Plate movements Characteristics of Ocean Currents
Volcanism Types of ocean currents:
Exogenic Forces Major Ocean currents of the World
Denudation Processes Effects of Ocean Currents
Weathering & its Significance Marine Resources
Mass movements & their impact Surface water resources
Erosion Transportation & Ground water resources
Deposition Inland water resources
Earthquakes and Volcanism Oceanic Water Resources (Marine
Earthquakes: Reasons, Resource)
Distribution & impact Utilization of oceans by man
Volcanism Water consumption patterns

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Types and distribution of Water Conservation and
Volcanoes Management (Techniques)
Volcanic Landforms Ocean Deposits and Corals
(intrusive) Terrigenous Deposits
Distribution of Continents & Oceans Volcanic Deposits
Theories Biotic deposits
Continental Drift Theory Abiotic Deposits
Convectional Current Theory Coral Reefs
Mapping of the Ocean Floor Probable origin of Coral Reef
Sea Floor Spreading Types and significance of Coral
Plate Tectonics Reef
Isostasy Issue of Coral Bleaching
Landforms and their evolution
Causesof landform development
Geomorphic Processes
Geomorphic Agents
Geomorphic Agents and
Landforms
Running Water
Development of a river System
Erosional Landforms
Depositional Landforms
Ground Water (Karst Topography)
Erosional Landforms
Depositional landforms
Glaciers
Erosional Landforms
Depositional Landforms
Waves and Currents
Winds
Erosional Landforms
Depositional Landforms
Landforms across the world
Rivers and lakes
Mountain and Peaks
Plateaus
CLIMATOLOGY BIO-GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Atmosphere Soil & Its Characteristics Floods and Droughts
Composition of the Atmosphere Soil Characteristics Forest fires
Structure of the Atmosphere Factors Responsible for Soil Deforestation
Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Formation Desertification
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Temperature Process of Soil Formation Pollution
Solar Radiation and Isolation Soil Profiles and Horizons Climate Change and Global Warming
Heating and cooling of atmosphere Classification of Soil
Terrestrial Radiation Soil Degradation, Erosion and
Heat Budget of the Planet Earth Conservation
Temperature Vegetation resources
Factors Controlling Temperature Types of natural vegetation
Distribution Forests
Distribution of Temperature Significance of forests
Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Factors of forest development
Systems Classification of forests
Atmospheric Pressure forest cover
Vertical variation of pressure Grasslands
Horizontal distribution of pressure Desert vegetation
World Distribution of Sea Level Tundra Vegetation
Pressure Deforestation
Factors affecting the velocity and Conservation of forests
direction of the Wind Reforestation
General Circulation of the Afforestation
Atmosphere – Pattern of Planetary Forestry
Winds Social forestry
Latitudinal Variation of Agro-forestry
Atmospheric Farm Forestry
Heating Community Forestry
Emergence of Pressure Belts
Hadley Cell , Ferrel Cell, Polar Cell
Seasonal Wind
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Local Wind
Land and Sea Breezes Physiography of India

Mountain and Valley Winds Location

Air Mass, Fronts, Cyclones and Jet Geopolitical Significance of India

Stream Geological Divisions

Air mass & fronts The Peninsular Block

Cyclones The Himalayas and other

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Thunderstorms Peninsular Mountains

Tornadoes Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain

Water in the Atmosphere Physiographic Divisions

Water Vapour Drainage System

Humidity – Absolute and Drainage Patterns

Relative Drainage System of India

Saturation – Dew Point Himalayan Drainage System

Evaporation and Condensation River Systems of Himalayan

Dew Drainage

Frost Indus river system

Fog & Mist Ganga River System

Clouds Brahmaputra river system

Precipitation Peninsular Drainage System

Rainfall River Systems of Peninsular

Snowfall Drainage

Sleet Hail Small Rivers Flowing Towards

Hailstones East and West

Types of Rainfall Climate

World Distribution of Rainfall Factors influencing the climate of

Climatic Zones of the World India

World Climate Monsoon

Koeppen’s Scheme of Mechanism of the Monsoon

Classification of Climate Classical Theory

Climatic Zones of World Modern theory

Air mass theory
Jet stream theory
ELNINO and LANINA & their impact
The rhythm of Seasons
The cold weather season
The hot weather season
The southwest monsoon season
The retreating monsoon season
Climatic Regions of India
Soils in India
Classification of Soils
Soil textures
Issue of Soil degradation & Soil
Erosion
Soil Conservation
Natural Vegetation
Types of Forests in India
Forest Cover in India
Forest Conservation
Forest Problems in India
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