.

CO

:CO
 HAXDBOUND
AT THE

UN1\ ERSITY OF
TORONTO PRESS
/2I2

GREEK EXERCISES;
BEING AN INTRODUCTION TO

GREEK COMPOSITION:
LEADING THE STUDENT FROM THE ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR
TO THE HIGHER PARTS OF SYNTAX;
AND
REFERRING THE GREEK OF THE WORDS TO
A LEXICON AT THE END.

UTH SPECIMENS OF THE GREEK DIALECTS, AND THE

CRITICAL CANONS OF DAWES AND PORSON.

FOURTH EDITION,
WITH MANY ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

BY THE REV. F? E/jrVALPY, M.A.

MASTER OF READING SCHOOL.

T
LONDON:
(BY ASSIGNMENT OF A. J. VALPY, M.A.)
PRINTED FOR
-ONGMAN, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS,
I'ATKRNOSTER-ROW.

1839.
 m?o
LITERARY CHRONICLE.
" This work evinces so much
talent, learning, and laborious industry,
and so calculated to facilitate the progress of Students in acquiring a
is

knowledge of the Greek language, that we shall be conferring a benefit by

bringing it into public notice. As to the original portion of the work,
Mr. Valpy claims attention to his illustration of the ' radical force and
'

meanings of the Greek prepositions this is done with considerable

:

ability and ingenuity. The department of the book which treats of

syntax merits our unqualified approbation, for its learning, correctness,
and clearness."

FROM THE SPECTATOR.

" To this edition are subjoined some exquisite specimens of Greek
dialects, together with the trell-kaown critical canons of Porson and

Dawes."

Price 6s. 6d. bound.

A Key is publis/ied, price 3s. 6d.

LONDON :

Printed by A. SPOTTISWOOD%
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 PREFACE,

THE Reader may be inclined to ask two questions :

What is the use of Greek composition? and, What is

c
the use of a new work introductory to it f

It is
granted that many of the apologies for Latin,

are not applicable to Greek, composition. But if we

consider how much Latin composition familiarises the
Student with the Latin language; that it
insensibly

gives him a command over the signification of Latin

words, and over the structure of Latin phraseology,

and that it enables him to read the Roman writers with

more ease, accuracy, and pleasure ; we shall be satisfied

same results with respect to the Greek language

that the

may be expected to follow from composing in Greek.

So that the question of the propriety of Greek com-
position in general almost rests on another, whether
the Greek language is worth learning at all.

Then, as to the present work in particular, its

leading

feature, in which it varies from all others which the

Author has seen, is that the Greek renderings of the

A 2
IV PREFACE.

English words are not placed by the side of or under

them, but are transferred to an Index at the end of the
work. The disadvantage to the memory and progress
of the Student in the common system is too obvious to

need exposure. It is
truly singular that a method,
which is
rarely found in works on Latin composition,
should have been so generally adopted in those on

Greek.
But this is not the only point in which this work

makes pretensions to superiority. Great pains have

been taken to discover the radical meanings of the
Prepositions, and to deduce from them those various
and sometimes opposite significations which are usually
set down without order or connexion, to the disgrace

of a language which is so highly connected and har-

monious.
The Syntax also has been carefully attended to. It

will be no slight recommendation to this work, that its

rules and examples on Syntax have been for the most

part taken from the Idioms of Viger, and the Grammars

of Matthiae, Buttmann, and Valpy. Care has been taken

throughout the Syntax to explain, where it was neces-

sary, the reasons of the deviations from the plain and

proper usages of speech. The writer flatters himself

that amongst other constructions, those of <p9avw, xv-

6vw, and ruy^aycw, are satisfactorily accounted for.
 PREFACE. V

The government of the Conjunctions has not been

here directly treated of. To have done justice to this

part of Syntax, it would have been necessary to have

abridged what is
already an abridgment of the work of

Hoogeveen on this subject. As the writer could not

promise himself to accomplish this in a satisfactory

manner, he refers the reader to the

Abridgment of
Hoogeveen's work :
and, as the passages adduced in it

are translated, it will be easy for him to re-translate

them into the original. Nevertheless the reader will

meet, in the course of the present work, with numerous

sentences involving the conjunctions; and he will find

them sufficient to make him pretty well acquainted with

their construction.

As to the Moods, the writer will give only one pre-

caution in the use of the Optative and Subjunctive.

In the sentence, Tliey have not what they may eat, (i. e.

they have nothing to eat,,} he will not say, Oux ep^oucrj TI

fayojev, but <pay;n.

As to the Tenses, he will make also only one remark.
In the sentence, They said they would not receive them,

the reader will say, Owx e<p<j-av 8e'a<j-0a<, rather than

It will be necessary to give the Student the following

directions towards the use of the work.
VI PREFACE.

The words in Italics, not included in brackets, are

always to be omitted.
The abbreviate ry marks are so simple, that it is
only

necessary to state, that by art is meant, that the article

is to be put before the word to which it is affixed ; and

that a 1 p pi means the first aorist passive plural, and
aim pi the first aorist middle plural.
When words are linked together, as '
with out-neces-
' '
sity,' in-after-time,' extremely-grieved,' the reader will
find these in the Index under the first word,
'
without,'

'in,' 'extremely.' But, when the article, or the sign

of the comparative and superlative, or the verb '

to be,'

is linked on with other words, as '

the-knowing,'
'
more-
' '
favorable,' being-willing,' to be-wise,' the reader will
' '
look for the principal word, knowing,' favorable,'
*
willing,' wise.'

Words put in a parenthesis are to be used instead of

those which precede them. Thus in p. 19, 1.
" It
17,

is time (occasion) to consult," the Student will refer to

the Lexicon at the end for the word occasion, and not
for the word time.
 ADVERTISEMENT

TO THE SECOND EDITION.

In the accentuation it has seemed desirable to omit

altogether the soft breathing on words beginning with a

vowel. Young students, it is found by experience, will

give no attention to either soft or aspirate on the usual

plan of printing them indiscriminately. And the omission

will be found useful to those who, through bad sight,

whether they are masters or scholars, distinguish with

difficulty between the breathings.

It is
quite unnecessary to dilate on the manifest

improvement of subjoining to this Edition specimens,

with English Translations, of the different Greek Dia-

lects, and the Critical Canons of those distinguished

scholars Dawes and Person.

In the Third and Fourth Editions a few Sections

have been added on some peculiar Idioms of the Greek

language.
 PUBLISHED BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
SECOND GREEK DELECTUS; OR, NEW ANALKCTA MINORA :

with English Notes, and a Greek and English Lexicon. Third Ed.
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This workis intended to be read. in schools after Dr. Valpy's

'
Greek
Delectus.' It retains a third of the Greek of Dalzel's Analocta Minora,
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'
On running over these selections, we are delighted to find among them
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THIRD GREEK DELECTUS; OR, NEW ANALECTA MAJORA :

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ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE LATIN LAN-

GUAGE. 8vo. 13s. 6d.
'
the volume before us has made a very useful book
The author of
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and quite useless to learners not that we mean to insinuate the volume
is wholly borrowed, for the author has skown considerable sagacity, and no
little dexterity." Monthly Mag.
SECOND LATIN DELECTUS, to connect the Delectu* and the
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:

SELECTIONS from OVID'S EPISTLES and TIBULLUS;

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Ed. 2s.
 GREEK EXERCISES.

TIRST PART.

ERRATA.

Page 362.
 PUBLISHED BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
SECOND GREEK DELECTUS; on, NEW AKALKCTA MINORA :

with English Notes, and a Greek and English Lexicon. Third Ed.
8vo. 9. ;</.

This work is intended to be read. in schools after Dr. Valpy's

'
Greek
Delectus.' It retains a third of the Greek of Dalzcl's Analecta Minora,
and derives the remainder of its Text from other sources. The Notes
are in English, explanatory of the Syntax and difficulties of the Greek,
and are placed at the end of the Text.
'
On running over these selections, we are delighted to find among them
the choicest beauties of the Greek writers. We have seldom met with an
elementary work which so ably blends the useful with the ornamental,

tne ponu.

ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE LATIN LAN-

GUAGE. 8vo. 13s. Qd.
'
The authorof the volume before us has made a very useful book
nothing of the kind has hitherto been introduced to schools compiled
from a variety of books, most of which are beyond the reach of numbers,
and quite useless to learners not that we mean to insinuate the volume
is wholly borrowed, for the author has shown considerable
sagacity, and no
little dexterity.' Monthly Mag.
SECOND LATIN DELECTUS, to connect the Delectu* and the
Analecta Latino, Majora with English Notes. 8vo. 6s. bound. Second Ed.
:

SELECTIONS from OVID'S EPISTLES and TIBULLUS;

with English Notes. 12mo. 4s. 6d. This book contains the same
Selections as the Eton edition. Second Ed.

EPITOME SACRJE HISTORIC, with English Notes. Sixta

Ed. 2s.
 GREEK EXERCISES.

FIRST PART.

ACTIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT TENSE, do, am, or the Verb itself.

I strike. Thou sayest. He hears. You dual wonder.

They-two guard. We send. Ye think. They teach.
The hand writes. The little-child plays.
A wolf flees an eagle.
71 *"'
Love"'"' covers all things, hopes all things, endures all

things.
The eyes
rfaa/
of the boar glisten.
We do not call (say) this" eu/ thing forgetfulness. ("Do"
is the sign of the Present.)
Hope does not-yet slumber. ("Does" is a sign of the
Present.)
Hand washes hand, and finger finger.
The sun rises, and the heaven shines.
Wisdom alone remains immortal.
Evil communications corrupt good manners.
The Gods effect many""" things unexpectedly.

The Corinthians and Lesbians say these"" things. 4'

Gr. Ex. B
2 FIRST PART.

Very-fiery wreaths of lightning shine-out, and whirlwinds

whirl the dust
Mars is-leading (leads) death and black fate.

You announce bad""" tidings, O father''.

1 bewail your fortunes.

Why do you leave my house ? ( T7ie mark of an interro-

gation in Greek is our semicolon.")

This day brings evil to the Argivesrfo/.

This altar saves thee not (not saves).
The foxes have holes, and the winged"'"' things of the
heaven have nests.

They sacrifice to the sun'* ', and the moon, and the earth.

and fire, and water, and the winds.

IMPERFECT TENSE, was, did.

Iwas weeping. Thou wast teaching.

You rfua' were flying the lion.
Rank ar '
did not nourish me.
d"a '
They were guarding there.
We were reporting these"""' things.
He was writing a letter.
They were still building-the-wall.
The brass was shining afar, as the lightning of father
Jove.
The soldiers were buying the necessaries.
The thin poisoned robes were devouring the wkite flesh of
the unhappy woman.
The others were ravaging the city.
The soldiers were digging the ditch.
The opinion of Artabanus was vexing Xerxes.

FUTURE, shall, will.

I will strike I will reprove you'**'.

you.
 ACTIVE VOICE. 3

Alas, alas, what"'"* shall I say ?

We will say and do these"*1" things.

The moon will fail to-morrow.

The wolf will seize and scatter the sheep?'.
Thou shalt not steal. The night shall hide the light.
I will not kill thee.

A war shall come and a pestilence.

The barbarians will pursue and rout us.
Therefore one observation shall kill thee.

FIRST AORIST, did, have, c.

I have written a letter to-day.

I have bought five yoke?' of oxen. I saved you.
He sent immediately one and twenty ships.

They guarded the passings of the streams and of the

rivers, and blocked-up the ways.
The cavalry of the Syracusans wasted the territory.
The soldiers cut-in-two the ropes of the boat.

A little time has loosened the intimacies of the worthless.

(That is, is wont to loosen.. For this tense sometimes ex-

presses what is customary.')

We remained there three days acc .

Juno two dragons.

sent

They*"' have done bad""" things.

They dug a deep ditch.

Why did you amuse me, O miserable hope ?

Rapidly-bearing gales have conveyed me.

PERFECT, have.
That, which"*"' I have written, I have written.
I have taken-care. I have wondered.
He has dared this most-base deed.
B 2
4 FIRST PART.

We have said true""" things.

The law-giver has made the senate responsible.

The \vido\v has hoped and still
hopes. (Express the last

jive words by the Perfect merely of the verb "hope." >S'o

again:) The dayhas approached and still

approaches.
They have bought the necessaries.
Ye have always honored me.
He has sent (commissioned) me hither.
A most unholy guest has perpetrated a most unholy deed.
Devious wanderings have exercised me abundantly.

PLUPERFECT, had-
had struck you. They had
1
I written*" '.
We had wondered. Ye had believed.

You had been-rich du"-. The tree had much grown.

The wolf had seized the kid.

The father and the mother had died (ended).

SECOND AORIST, did, have, 8$c.

He struck me. All fled.

Gold has turned many.

No-one has escaped death" 1
"'.

A certain man (man certain) had two children.

They have Seft me. The brass did cut the tongue.

Achilles killed Ection. The spirit left the boues.

Ye have assassinated the best of the Grecians.

They have buried the lovely virgin.

We turned (wheeled) the variegated chariot.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Present. Draw, draw me.
Go-thy-way, and offer the gift.
 ACTIVE VOICE. 5
And do you, boy, bear (*;o/zi'w) me. ("Do" is here the

sign of the Imperative.)

Let the truce remain. (" Let" is merely a sign of the

Imperative,}
Medea, hail. O hail, you also, son of the vise Paudion.
Let him hear. {Say, Hear he.) Farewell, O dear
children.
Do ye these
ncu<
things. Let brotherly-love ar' continue.
Let no-one (not-one) think me vile and weak.
Throw, throw, smite, smitedua '.
Let them strike (dual and plural) me.
First Aorist. Write.
O Minerva, O mistress, now now help.
Crucify, crucify him.
Sell all" 6 "' things whatsoever thou hast.
Sacrificeye the fatted calf (the calf the fatted).
Master, save us. Be-sober^, watch.
Publish the word, convince, rebuke.
Bind-with- clasps this arm securely.
O best of mortals, reinstate the city.
Judge ye what I assert to be the case.

Second Aorist. Leave me, O child, leave me.

Fly, fly,
O father.

OPTATIVE.
Present. May ye succeed.
How therefore could (the particle av with the optative]
such-a-man (the such man) corrupt the young ?
May Prudence, the fairest gift of the Gods, cherish me.

May all the house perish.

Unless I guard-over you**. . . .

For if he should not (p)) bring gifts, but should always

be-angry sharply. . . .

B 5
6 FIRST PART.

That (To-the-end-that) Aurora might bring light to im-

mortals dfl ' and (as-well-as) mortals.
He was meditating what bolder thing he might do (bring,
to-pass).
First Aorist. Nor may the Deity turn (jEolic form) you
thither.

If some-one would call (JEolicform) Ajax. . . .

Who can perfect this work? (Here "can" is expressed

by the JEolic optative, accompanied by the particle KSV.)

Second Aorist. Then may the wide earth (land) gape

for me*"'.
Not-even if ye should labor much.
They would leave a boast to Priam*", and Helen to the
" would" is
Trojans. (Here expressed by the optatii-e with
the particle Ktv.)

Let not (p)) the splendor of the Graces leave me.

Let me not (p/) behold this day, O holy majesty of the

Gods.
SUBJUNCTIVE.
"1
Present. Let us" therefore no-more judge each-other.
ar/
Let pursue the things of peace .
us'"""

Let a man try himself. Let us be-sober

Let us not (p)) slumber as the rest.
As when the husband of the beautiful-haired Juno lightens
. . .
(with av)
We entreat you, do not (p/) murder your children.

First Aorist. Do not (p)) steal. Do not commit-murder.

Do not commit-adultery .

Do not (p)) seal the words of this book. IB

Let not-any-one deceive you*"*.
Do not (p)) wonder, O Athenians (Athenian men).
Do not (p)) be anxious?*.
 ACTIVE VOICE. 7
I will bury them, lest (that-not) some-one should insult
them.

Perfect. Provided they have said so.

Second Aorist. Whither might I flee the hands of my

mother ?
Lest some snare kill me. What should we drink ?
I dread her, lest she should kill the king.

INFINITIVE.
Present. To speak true things.
To strike, to write, to
be-angry.
I wish to speak-of the Atridse ac ', and I wish to sing- of
Cadmus aec .

First Future. To be going to inhabit the celebrated

land (plain) of Sparta. (" To be going" is merely the sign
of the future.)
To be going to return.
Unless he believed""^ that he was going to speak-truth.

(Here, as in Latin, "that" is omitted, and the verb is in

the.
infinitive.)

They were intending to lead the army.

First Aorist. Permit" 1
me to remain this one day acc .

Your (The your) natures are (dcrt) difficult to rule.

They did not deign" to speak.

'

I am-desirous to hear your (the your) troubles fully.

I am-content to make-clear to you da' thus-much only.
I am-unwilling to disturb
your mind (understanding? ). 1

Perfect. You will seem to be-by-nature (have sprung-

up) foolish and not wise.

The Lacedemonians thought""^ that the Athenians had
broken (loosed) the treaty^' first
(former
00 ^ 1
). (Here, us in
" that" zV "
Latin, omitted ; " the Athenians is put in the
"
and had broken" in the
accusative, infinitive.)
B 4-
8 FIRST PART.

Second Aorist. But will you dare to kill your offspring,

lady?
A sight dreadful to behold.

Permit" l
them to escape.

He did not wish""^ to leave his horses there.

E very-one dreads to leave this light of the sun.

PARTICIPLE.
Present. Seeing they saw""^" in-vain, hearing (heark-
ening) they heard""*'' not.
You shall keep-guard-at this unpleasant rock, sleepless,
not bending your knee.
Flee pleasure bringing mischief ultimately.

Hastening he will come to me^' hastening.

You will be-foolish, lady, not (p)) wishing these things.
Unwilling he struck"
'
me unwilling^"
1
.

I will send them holding gifts and bearing a thin robe and
a gold-wrought crown.
She flies, shaking her wishing to throw-down"
'
hair, the

garland.
Future. I am-come to te\Vem the calamity of the spouse.

They send-off Eurymedon

ar '
carrying 120 (tiventy and
hundred) talents of silver, and at-the-same-time to report
these tilings.
"1
The Lacedemonians, as going themselves" to send-off a

reinforcement, were supplying it themselves""" and were com-

1
,

"
pelling the other Peloponnesians do the same. (" Going
to
"
is expressed Inj the future participle of send off".")
Whom*"* the Athenians sent" to dwell there. l

First Aorist. Why do yoi/"" wet your pupils with fresh

tears*1 ', having turned your white cheek in-the-contrary-
direction ?
She trembles, having changed her color.
 CONTRACTIONS OF THE ACTIVE. 9

The ships of the Peloponnesians, having overcome them,

take four ships of the Athenians.
A
most hateful pestilence, having pressed-violently on it,
agitates the city.

Perfect. He was
carrying his (the) father who was very
old. " ivho was old"
(Express by the participle?)
Having conquered, he was plundering him.
acc
I, who have lived ninety-nine (ninety nine) years , and
have been conversant with many and manifold tempers''"',
"
write these things. (Put " ivho have lived in the participle.)
Second Aorist. I am arrived, having left the hiding-placid
of the dead, and 'the gates of darkness.

Having beheld, I pitied" '.

Him, having said (remarked) thus, the end of death
shaded" '.

They fly, having left their relatives and their paternal-

land.
2
They beheld" him alive and safe, having fled the courage
and the intangible hands of Ajax.

CONTRACTIONS OF THE PRESENT AND

IMPERFECT ACTIVE:

As rt^tciw, Tifiuj ; rtjuaetCj Tip^.c, &c. ; ^tXt'

e, &c. ; /;Xow, jjXw ; CJjXotie, cr/XoTe, <Src.

Present. Some of the continentals show it even- till-now,

to whom d"' a grace to do (carry-on) this well.
it is

Love ar suffers-long ; love" r' envies not (not envies).

'

The young mind (imagination) loves not to grieve.

B 5
10 FIRST PART.

You seem to me dal not to do (carry-on) just things.

You too-much exaggerate the favor.
A littleleaven leaveneth the whole (whole the) lump.
Ye injure and defraud.

Why are you downcast, and shed-tears ?

They dare to injure me.

Permit* ' 1
me to inhabit the land.
Labor-at these things, study these things.

Envy no-one (not-one) of those-who-get-gain (the getting-

gain) unjustly.
Be-silent, be-silent.
Let no-one (^r/Sete) seek his-own (theneut of himself).
Finish quickly what-you-have-resolved-on.
We exhort you, brethren ; advise the unruly.
Do not-at-all be-anxious?'. But may ye prosper i*.

dearest hand, and mouth dearest to me rfa/

, and thou
1

noble visage of my children, may ye fare-well *" .

What should we do (carry-on^) ?

Let us look*"*-' within.

They do (carry-on) things which I wish not to do.

1 wish to assist you.
I now praise you, and you seem to medat to be-prudent.

He loves to exaggerate a favor.

I am-wise now, not being-wise then.
A couch is pleasant to one who is ill. (Say, in the singu-
lar, the being -illdat .)

I say the words of men who are-wise. (Say, of men being-

wise.)
The anger of those who love (Say, of loving : in -the

acc
plural) is-strong only a short time .
I weep looking-on you, O Priam, dearest of men, and your

city.
 PASSIVE VOICE. 11

The bad injure those-who-assist (the assisting: in the

plural) them, as-much-as (just-as) those-who-hurt (the

hurling) them. .
Hate the flattering as (just-as) the deceiving.
Imperfect. I was toiling to-no-purpose.
The whole house was sounding.
We were conquering.
Trumpets were sounding (shouting).
Stags were skipping.
You were doing (carrying -on) these things, being-pru-
dent.

PASSIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present. Every tree, not (p)) producing (making) good

{fair) fruit, is cut-down.

She abhors her children, nor is
rejoiced i^nen seeing
(marking) them.
There the head of Cyrus is cut-off (cut-away), and his-

right-hand (hand the right).

The house is harassed. Jupiter is not appeased.

Imperfect. Sedition was being excited.

The Athenians were being hurt much.

Perfect. O me*", how (hoio-that) have we been in-

sulted !

The word was thrown-out in-vain.

It has been done badly.

We have already been punished sufficiently.
We Mere compelled to fight-on-foot.
B 6
 12 FIRST PART.

The earth (land) was tossed-about, x ^e air was trou-

bled.

This was announced to us4"'.

I have been thus mercilessly tied-fast, an inglorious spec-
tacle.

(Sometimes the perfect passive is used in an active sense.

Thus .-)
Not now for-the-first-time, but often, has reputation
hurt" ' act
me and \vorked great evils.

Have I counselled ill ? ( The question is expressed here

by p.iZv.)
Now I have counselled these things better.
Pluperfect. The chariot had been adorned altogether-
beautifully.
A terrible flame of brimstone had been raised.

Ambrosial sleep had been shed around.

Splendid tapestry had been stretched-out.
He had been stretched-at-length as a worm.
He had been left there.

Paulo-post-future. Sad grief is about to be left to me dat

in-particular (particularly').
But nevertheless it shall be said.

be called the Bosporus.

It shall

This deed ar/ shall be done.

First Aorist. They were stoned, they were sawed-
asunder.
And there his (Say, of him :
as."ejus" in Latin) breath
was loosened, and his strength.
The Athenians were at-first thrown-into->confusion.
The five and twenty ships of the Corinthians were manned.
The sun was darkened.
Many men were taken-alive.
When-indeed it was announced to them, they disbelieved""^
H.
 PASSIVE VOICE. 13

More neut than three oboli was?' agreed-to for each maii rf
<".

The Athenians were exceedingly troubled.

First Future. This shall then be completely effected.

Happy are the piteous, because they shall be pitied (com-

miserated).
Happy are the peace-makers, because they shall be called
sons of God.

Happy are they- who (Say "the" with a plural participle)

hunger-after and thirst-after justice "7, because they shall bo
satisfied.

Second Aorist. But, when the tenth morning was made-

to-appear, then they weeping (pouring-tears) bore""^ brave
Hector.
The whole spear was broken. The crew wasted-away.
I was commissioned to be the singer of melancholy ditties,
as a white (hoary) bird.
Thence rivers of fire, devouring the
Second Future.*
smooth of the fair-fruit-yielding Sicily, shall at-some-
fields

time be made-to-burst-out.
He shall be made-to-appear (i. e. shall appear) bright
"'
with armour to you and the citizens.
rf

Fear (Shudder-at) ye the dead, if they shall have been

hidden in- the-earth ?
The old-woman will be buried splendidly.

i
The Second Future Passive is considered by some the same as the First
Future Middle used in a passive sense. Thus formed : Ttrrre'eo, -rvirliffta, TV-
jri\ff oncu. The Second Future Middle is viewed as the First. Thus formed :

TviTfu, ruirfffw, rvrrfffo/jai, Tinrfo/j.cu, rinroufuii. And the Second Future

Active is considered the same as the First. Thus formed :
Ttnrt'w, ruirtW,
rvKfta, rinru. The First and Second Futures of i^aXAco are the same on all

hands, and may be thus formed :

VoAe'eo, <|/oAeV, voAt'co, ^/oAw. Hence,
according to this theory, a Second Future is a mere fiction.
 14 FIRST PART.

Unless you desert/"' this plain, this man will be slain.

We shall all be changed.

IMPERATIVE.
Present. But come-on, be armed, my heart.

Let the sooty flame be hurled.

Let these men be tried first.

Perfect. Be ye not (p/) too-much dismayed.

Let thus-much have been said.

In a middle or active sense. Beware to do these things.

First Aorist. Let the eyes of them be darkened.
Be rejoiced, ye nations. I wish it, be thou cleansed.
In an active sense. Sons of Father Ocean, look-at me
thus bound-fast.
Second Aorist. Let him be struck. Let them be slain,

(dual and plural).

In a neuter sense. Appear, that-you-may-hear the woes
of your sovereign.
Let another prodigy of Jove appear.

OPTATIVE MOOD.
Present. If you are persuaded, let us send" 1 *"'-'
the

guests.
Hearing (Hearkening) he would be delighted (opt. with

ay).
Things such-as any-one both saying and doing
would be thought (opt. with av) most pious.
Quick favors are sweeter but, if (in-case) you delay
:
1
'"'!',

all the favor is void, nor may be said to be a favor.

First Aorist. There even an immortal having beheld" -
it would have been delighted (opt. with KE).
All the polity of the Persians may (opt. toith av) be shown

vcry-shortly.
 PASSIVE VOICE. 15

Second Aorist. If you say-'"' any thing, this boy will not

be buried (opt. with av).

Jove was driving-away the Fates, lest the boy should be
subdued.
I will disfigureyour-eyes, that you may be made-to-ap-
pear (opt. with to all the suitors and to
civ) unsightly your
wife and boy*".

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present. In-case they are drawn-up in-any-other-rnanner,

they-will-get-into-confusion instantly.
First Aorist. Come-on, O my miserable hand, do not

(pi) be made-cowardly.
It is-necessary for him acc to be-punished (Sovvai SIKTJV),

that he may be
taught (subj. with av) to acquiesce-in the
" of Jove.
government
Look-about,lest you should be harmed.

Judge ye not (pi), that (to-the-end-t/iat) ye be not (p})

judged.
Second Aorist. Danaus, the father of fifty daughters,
left"
2
the fairest water of the Nile, which fills whenever the
snow has melted.
Whenever Aurora has been made-to-appear.

INFINITIVE.
Present. To be struck. To be turned.

Perfect. It was necessary for them''"' to be thus ar-

rapged.
a
Having made-an-agreement , he will seem not (p)) to
remember it.
"
Ijudge that no-one of them was loved. (Omit that" as
in Latin ; and put " was loved" in the infin.)
16 FIRST PART.

It seems to us* ' that the words of this

1
man and your
words have been angrily spoken.
Paulo-post-future. To be on the point of being sent.

First Aorist. I am ready to die, old-man, before I am

ordered'"-''.

He ordered 01 that the Greeks should be thus arranged.

First Future. I imagine that Dion will be chosen.
Second Aorist. I wish, I wish to be mad.
To be slain is dreadful. " To "
{Express by ru, followed
by an infinitive.)

PARTICIPLE.
Present. The
things seen are temporary, the things not

(pi) seen are eternal.

ar '
Perfect. The words spoken are-right (have rightly).
Ispeak words rough and angry (made-sharp).
In an active sense. I kill (intercept) the men, having laiii-
in-wait-for them.

Paulo-post-future. Being on the point of being struck

First Aorist. O hated handicraft.
I am arrived being ordered.
1
They being persuaded sent" a messenger.
In an active sense. She turned" her cheek 5n-the-contrary-
1

direction, having abominated the entrance^ of her children.

First Future. Going to be struck.
01 .
Second Aorist. Being struck he was reduced-to-ashes
Wretched Prometheus, who-hast-appeared (express t/tis
by the participle) a common assistance to mortals**"', why
dost thou suffer these things ?
Subdued they consult-about flight.
 MIDDLE VOICE. 17

MIDDLE VOICE!
The Present and Imperfect Tenses are formed like those

of the Passive.

INDICATIVE.

Perfect, The stolen fountain of fire has appeared the

teacher of every art to mortals4*.
This dust has-hidden-and-does-hide (express this by the

perf. mid. of Kevdw) Archedic6.

No-one knows*/" "' (beholds) what you are
1 1

thinking-of"*,
but sees what you are doing 06 '.

I mid this one of the attendants of Jason 'coming

perceive^
(tending').
Have they fled, or do they remain" ? ( The interrogation
'

is not verbally expressed.)

He has left the plains sounding- under-the-tread-of-
horses.

Pluperfect. You had all cried-out together.

The Syracusans had done thus.
No-one had rejoiced.
First Aorist. You have honored" '
(respected) me, but
have greatly hurt (done-harm-to) the people of the Greeks.
So-many evils did he contrive.
Hail, father. I have accepted this dear address.

They took-their-station there.

aw
First Future. Though having been injured^ >'
, we will

be-silent,

appear a marvel to you *.

rf<
I shall

Deserted I shall fly (fut. mid. Attic) this land.

18 FIRST PART.

For (As) never again but now for-the-last-time shall I

look-towards the ray and orb of the sun.
Ye shall behold (discover) the city of your father, and
shall come-into the inheritance'* of the land.
In a passive sense. The war will be terminated without-

fighting.

They will be prevented by the scarcity* ' of resources"*.

1

Second Aorist. They obeyed promptly.

They*"" were left orphans.
The point-of-the-spear bent (turned) like (as) lead.

IMPERATIVE.
First Aorist. Beware-of the sharp-mouthed griffins; the
dumb dogs of Jove, and beware- of Arimaspus, the one-eyed
army.
00 ' *
Raise-yourself, and walk-about
Salute ye Urban us and Rufus.
Second Aorist. Be ye persuaded, as I discourse to you'"'.

OPTATIVE.
First Aorist. The time would fail (leave : opt. act. a. 2.

with ay) us, if we should enumerate the actions of that

man.
TJie army would not censure (optative tcitJi
ay) me, if I

should do *" f act these things cautiously.

Second Aorist. Let him go-back*"", nor let harm be left
dat
to \\s and to our children hereafter. (Or, nor let hint

fc/f re harm.)
 MIDDLE VOICE. 19

SUBJUNCTIVE.
Perfect. I will nod, that (unth-the-view-that) you may
trust me. (Jupiter is
speaking.)
First Aorist. Let us put-on the armour.
Do not (nn) censure all the female race.
Do not (/tj) you at-least do (work) these things.
Second Aorist. Overtake (imperative plural) the horses
of Atrides speedily, nor be left*" ' here. 1

Does any-one attend ? Why do ye loiter ? Whither should

I turn-myself ?
INFINITIVE.
Perfect. To have fled. To have done these things.

your mother^ your

*
First Aorist. Give ye to right-
hand to salute.

Wishing (Inclined) to force the entrance-to-the-harbour,

they were fighting-a-naval-battle.
It is time (occasion) to consult about these things.
It behoves you to beware-of these men.
First Future. He asserted" 2
that many of the soldiers,
who now mW
clamor, would clamor differently.
He asserted" 2 tJiat the same persons would not vote (Attic

Infinitive).
Second Aorist. So good was it that a son survived ; since
he punished m '

(payed) the parricide.

PARTICIPLE.
*
Perfect. They fled profound destruction, having fled

war and the sea.

Nor let any-one, having trusted to his horsemanship* and

1'

manliness, desire (pfparufor ^^mctYw) to tight alone.

First Aorist. The Corinthians, having hired two-hundred
!
heavy -armed-men, sent them.
20 FIRST PART.

It is to be feared lest he, having been enraged, should do

(work-out?
l

"*>') some evil.

It is said that Astyages"**, having received the gifts, sent" '

them to Cyrus**.

First Future. They-have-come to enslave the land.

They, warred" ', to obtain the territory.

Second Aorist. Having yielded (obeyed) to him* 1
', I

killed a 2 my ar' mother.

CONTRACTIONS OF THE PRESENT AND

IMPERFECT PASSIVE AND MIDDLE.
PRESENT.
Indicative. The roaring echo of thunder bellows.
Since you desire it, it behoves me to speak : hear then

(surely).
Do you accuse me ? He is incensed.

Imperative. Endeavour to raise-up my body.

Be ye glad, exult. Be-manly*"*, be-firm.
Guard-against reproof more than danger.
Optative. Certainly I should (KCV with opt.) be called
timid and base, if I should (express " should" by the future)
concede to you*" every thing (deed).
Why should I fear, to whom*" it is not fated to die" 2
?
" "
'Express should by av with the optative.)
Subjunctive. When (with a.v
joined) they communicate
any thing to you*". . . .

He kills those whom he may think (regard: with av) to

be-clever.

Infinitive. No-one wishes (is-inclined) to have (obtain)

poor friends.
 AUGMENTS OF COMPOUND VERBS. 21

I do not wi^h (/ am not inclined ) being poor to present

dat
any thing to one-who-is-rich (the being-rich ,)
lest I
should seem*"6 '*" to beg. -'

Participle. By-no-means draw-back (pull-back} the boy

rushing-impetuously.
I am chagrined, seeing (marking) myself thus treated-
\vith-contumely.
2
I pitied" ', having beheld" the hundred-headed impetuous
Typhon being subjugated.
IMPERFECT.
I say-nothing-of (suppress) other evils such-as you were
machinating.
The curse of father Saturn, which he uttered (cursed''"rf ),
shall be accomplished-^ '.

Cyrus hearing these things was afflicted.

""'

For the Corinthians thought" " (regarded) that 1 1

tliey

they were not being much over-

/
were-overcoming"'- ""^, if
come ; and the Athenians thought""^ that they were-being-
defeated '"^ if they were not much defeating.
1
"-'' 1

Any-one was fined, if he offended ?'*&. (Put "Any-

one" after " if" instead of at the beginning.)

AUGMENTS OF VERBS COMPOUNDED WITH

PREPOSITIONS.
RULE. Verbs compounded with prepositions take the
<
nig went between the preposition and the verb. As

Porsenna was admiring-very-much the valor of Mucius.

The Britons were confounded" 2 having beheld"* a wild-
animal not-seen-before and immense.
 2 FIRST PART.

Cutting-off the foliage of myrtle branches, he crowned"

1

(crowned- thoroughly) all the altars.

We all hesitate, seeing the pilot of the ship confounded ''/".

Such a boldness belongs-by-nature^ (springs-in) to jou

dai
.

You have enjoined"

1
this to us* not
1*
unwilling-/""".

Talthybius was jointly-plundering the Phrygians.

T7ie land was convulsed^/" and the air was jointly-agita-

ted^.

They were living-together

02
They were reconciled .

They shut-up-together you and Hermione.

1

Caesar was attempting to pass-over a great river.

An echo of the battering of steel penetrated (rushed"
through" ) the innermost-part of the caverns.
J

He has thus repaid01 me.

He had prophesied the future.
They were making-adverse-preparations.
There are some exceptions to this rule :

He was sitting-down close-upon the fountain*".

He was sleeping close-upon an elm**".
01 with sponges dat which-had-
They cleaned the tables

many-holes.
Some Verbs take an augment either before or after the

:
preposition
I was desiring.
Some Verbs take an augment both before and after the

:
preposition
They were reinstating the city.
s
I bore-with it.

The Poets separate the compound by what

is
often
termed Tmesis from Tt/xvw, Tp/o-w, "to cut off:"
But he ascended 02 .

But he fell-down 02 in the dust {Ionic pi. dat. of KOVUI).

{For
il
but down" put KO.C$' for Kara. f, rarJe.)
 THE VERB EI/H,
I AM. 23
Herodotus is
fond of this Tmesis in the following con-
struction ;

sold-oft'a 2 m therefore
They (Ion.} the freight.

THE VERB Eiftl, i AM.

Iam what I am.
Lead (Conduct) forward, daughter; for (as) you are an
dat
eye to a blind foot , as a star is to sailors* '.
1

Neither is there to me dat a father, and venerable mother

Within is brass, and gold, and much-wrought iron.

Covetousness is the root of all evils. (Say, Root of all

the evils is the covetousness.}

We women are such-as" eu ' sing we are.

Ye are the light of the world.

He has three daughters. ( Say, three daughters are [to]
him dat.)
Words are the healers of wrath.
I was once, but now am not any-more.
Minerva was silent, nor said" 2 (remarked) any thing.
There was a plain there, all (ctTrae) level just-as the sea,
and full of wormwood.
Both rfua '
were d"a '
red-haired**1, both not-yet-grown-up,
both taught (i. e.
skilled) to play-on-the-pipe, both taught
to sing.
ne ' lt
The Syracusans were much*" more roused s ar
'.

(Prefix to the Participle the Attic reduplication.)

They would have been intercepted-by-a-wallK'' **""'. (Ex-
" ivould have been "
press by the Imperfect with dr.)
I shall be head (prince) of our house and slaves whom
the divine Ulysses obtained-by-plunder a mid
l
for me da! .
24 FIRST PART.

For thus I declare ; this (the) shall be also

Ye shall be free.

When I was?' 1
'''
an infant, I thought""^ (hud-under-
standing) as an infant.

There belonged (pluperf, of ei/nt

. Ionic form) mills to the
1'

shepherd* of the people*"'.

Be thou a speaker-of-good-tidings what news (Say, :

what neu"ins more new) do you bring (say)?

Be thou silent, be-still let all the people (Attic) be silent
:

(silently),
Let these be dual witnesses.
Be ye men, friends and be-mindful a J mid of strenuous
;

bravery.
Let it be *"
given to me rfa<
to grow-old if not (p)) magni-

ficently, at-least safely.

old-man, oh-that, as spirit belongs to you, so firm
da
strength were given to you '.
*"'

Neither could a mortal man ascend (ajuca?/ with KIV :

ava being contracted into ap ) it, not-even (followed

daf
by -ye) if there were (opt. of etfj.1 contracted) given to him

twenty hands and feet.

If (Provided) you are'*-'' fond-of-learning, you shall be

much-learned.
The Gods ordained" m l
destruction to men'* ', that

(to-the-end-that) there might be m!y a song for future*"

men.
He is a just man who (whoever) wishes to be just, and
not (Contract the two last words into one) merely to seem
to be so.

1 think (imagine) that you will be'"-''

yet the-heads of this
land.
This is a diseased" 8*" state of things, when (with av
 OTHER VERBS IN p: ACTIVE. 25

joined) a depraved man has'"''-'

authority, being nothing
before (before-tkis).
He nourished 3 me when-I-was (being') little.
'

He knew (had ascertained : Attic) the things which were,

and which neut
will be, and which had been. (Say, tfie ?'
1

being and the to bc? art

and being before
pre P.
)

EXAMPLES OF OTHER VERBS IN p.

ACTIVE VOICE.
Time alone manifests a just man.
The winds dissipate the clouds.
He gives to herclsmen
da '
the babe to expose" 2
.

WJien giving, give nothing (not~onenc '") mean.

Truly they know your abominable disposition.

Consider" lm (Speculate-on), what (what-hind-of ) a tem-

pest and inevitable extremity-of-evils is coming-upon you ,

aec

unless (provided- not) you obey a *""* ""''>. '

But go, leave the resplendent seat of the Goddess.

Do not (p)) stand''""' (effrqp) thus grieving.
Not another wife (woman) would thus keep-aloof -from
(opt.with Kt) her husband*"*" (man), who had come-back" 2 P*

(arrived) to-her (oi) after having-toiled-through (. 1. nom.

participle) many evils.
Alas, alas, how (how-that), when (with uv joined') the
6-'
Deity gives to the
good-things (well) bad*", they are
insolent, as-if-they-were-to-be-fortunate (fiit. participle of
ev
preceded by we) always
TTpatTtTO), !

In-case a general arranges*-'' ar '

(places) things rightly
he is-fortunate.
It did not 1
^ the magnanimous Ajax
please''" (dative, as
Gr. Ex. c
26 FIRST PART.

after Placet in Latin) to stand (eorij/zi) where the other

sons (vie, ocj) of the Grecians were standing (standing-off ).

It-is-right f/wtf he should swear to zY.

' P' to fix (place) these things
Lycian Phoebus, be-willing"
dat
iti
your mind .

The old-man rejoiced"

1
aaid answered""*" : O child (off-

spring}, certainly it is good to give the due gifts io the

immortals'* '.

I find some proposing to the wrestlers*1' a public contest,

worthy of toil.

Thump, thump your head (lopara which is the accusative),

giving^'" beatings of your hand.
Holding-^" wild cubs of wolves in-their-arms, they were
1

giving them white milk.

The maid-servants were bearing them and placing them
out-of-doors.
a2 their were
Having placed-down lances, all the slaves

putting (casting) their hands to (towards) the work acc.

O wretched woman, how (how-thai) has the Deity, who
(who-altogetlier) severe to you d<", made"
is
l
(placed) you
the most distressed of mortals I
This is the huge Ajax, the fence of the Greeks ; and Ido-
meneus stands^ on-the-other-side as a God.
You have caused" '

(placed) to your parents'*"' unspeakable

*

lamentation and sadness.

dat
Ajax, God has given" l
to you greatness and might
You have not-yet given^, but will perhaps give retribu-
tion. .,

Wherefore have ye been standing 02 thus stupid like (.like-

as) hinds ?

l Others read Uprfrov, to be deprecated : II. p. 37

 OTHER VERBS IN pn ACTIVE. 27
a2
They laid-down Patroclns; and his dear companions
stood-around (a. 2. in the shortened form) lamenting.
The ships of the Syracusans having been put-in-disorderal
a *
delivered-up the victory to the Athenians'*"'.
O Jupiter, dwelling-in the splendid folds"" of heaven,
save" 1 us, and give 01 reconciliation to my children"""'.

Since you dared""^ to do the things which are not (p/)

2
honorable, suffer" (tolerate) also the things which are not

(p)) pleasant.
02 it memorials to
Heap-up" a mound, and place-on
'

me*" and let my sister give (a. 2. imperative) her tears and
;

her tresses to my sepulchre""'.

nom
Lay-down f the bows
* 1
quietly (quiet ).
2
May the Gods give" "*" you**"' and this guest gifts such-

as" e '" I wish.

May the Gods make" 2 opt

(place : contracted form) ali

these things vain.

me"""', which- way should I go"

2 "^ (journey) ? where
2 subJ
(in-what-place) should I stand" ?

The master being indignant" 1 f ass delivered " !

him to the
d< 2 *"''>
tormentors ", until he should give-back" all which-was-
neut
owing (^e being owed) to him"""'.
Do not (p)) give" 2 "^ ^' what-is (^Ae) sacred to the

dogs"""', lest-at-any-time they tread you down" *V. (Pw<

" ^reac? rfoww " in one
word.)
a
Give 8
me rfa '
whatever (whichever : with KE) gift yowr
dear heart impels you to give" * me^'.

Why (How) do you wish to make" J (place) my labor use-

less ?

Achilles having stood-up" z

thus spoke-among'"'^ the war-
d "'.
loving Argives
1 first f' n called" 1
and you called me
you father, child;
c 2
28 FIRST PART.

J
and I having applied" my body to your knees ***,
first,

gave"
'
you sweet (dear) endearments, and (to be joined to
the verb in-turn-received a l m them.
)

PASSIVE AND MIDDLE VOICES.

A good tree is not able to produce (make) bad (wicked)

fruits, nor a corrupt tree to produce good (fair) fruits.

She lies fasting, yielding 2 her body to sorrows'''" and ;

hears, when advised, as a rock or a swell-of-the-sea.

We are undone.

They lie dead near together, both the daughter and her
old father.
* m
See" (Behold), there is a mat lie-down on it. :

I am nof able (opt. with ay) to obliterate-from (ivipe-away-

l mid mind^"' (understanding) your suffering.
from" ) my
You can (opt. with hv) not have all things.
Permit me to save" Greece, if (in-case) we
l
are able*"*-'.

Nothing is more delightful than when reviled to be able

to bear it.

Not the man not (pi) acting-unjustly is a just man, but

the man who (whoever) being able to act-unjustly does not
(p)) will it.

She lacerates"""* her cheek, making (placing"" 11

) her nail

bloody.
The multitude stood-round""^ mid
weeping (crying).
im
I knew *
(was-familiar-with tf) the misfortunes and the

death of Agamemnon.
"' il du " 1
Ulysses and his illustrious son laid-down" their
'-'

arms within.

though a compound word, takes the augment at the be-

1
'Etriffra/jMi,

ginning. The meaning' of the simple seems to have been so much altered
that the compound almost became a distinct verb.
 OTHER IRREGULAR VERBS. % 29
* mid their
After they had dismissed" desire of drink and of
mid
young-men crowned" (crowned-over) the bowls/
'
food,
But do you put-on * a kind (propitious) spirit.
Let each-man sharpen (a. 1. mid. imperative) well his

spear (wooden-spear) and well prepare (place : a. 2. mid.

imperative) his shield.

If you should give (a. 2. opt. with KE) him to me'*"' to be-
come" * the keeper of my stalls, he would make-for-himself
(place: a.l.m. opt. ivith KE) a large (If iff) thigh, although

(even) drinking only whey.

Let us cast-off "tmidtubj the works of darkness"''' and put-on
(ffet-into : a. 1. m. subj.) the armour of lightar '.
did you, if (if-altoaether) you were-inclined a l ? to
Why
grant (place : a. 2. m.) a favor to this man , kill* the
daf l

child ?
* m
Penelope, having placed" by them a very-beautiful
chair, was hearing the discourse of each.

Thus having said (asserted: a. 2. m.) f Minerva touched

" mid his (him dat ) fair skin.
him, and dried-up"
' l

The things given (pres. and perf.).

EXAMPLES OF OTHER IRREGULAR VERBS.

*
Willing, willing I have sinned" ; I will not deny it.

When (At-the-time-when) it became" *

dusk, raised-dust
a p
appeared" as (just-as) a white cloud.
Become a friend slowly but, having become" one, en-
;
*

deavour to persevere in being so : for it is equally shameful

to have no-one a friend and to change-one-after-the-other

many companions.
E very-one, who-has-cultivatecl (having cultivated" ^good-
qualities, is ashamed to become" * bad.
c 3
30 FIRST PART.

Have you indeed come^P"" (come-from) to inspecf1

my bad fortunes ?
Come-on, take" 2 your sword.
Think (Seem) to do all things as if you are to escape- the-

observation-of/u' *"""' no-one (none): for-indeed, though (av

with a. 1. subjunctive) you hide anything at-the-moment, you
will be discovered'' " 1 l f"' afterwards.
P*"/"""*
They had escaped- the- observation- of each-other.
2
Learn" all <Aese things summarily.
"
clearly every thing that (whatever)
rf<
I will tell (say) you
2
you request to learn" .

7, the miserable, have suffered*^'""' things grateful to my

enemies'''".

I suffer and yet shall suffer""d.

and have suffered*^ '""*

Ye shall learn-by-enquiry whatever ye wish-further,

although I am ashamed while I am speaking'""".
sister (fellow -born) dearest to me*", I am-incredulous,
" a m
having been informed-of things wonderful to me'*"'.

Having learnt-by-enqiiiry'
!/
'

?" m these things, I have ar-

2
rived" hither.

1 have arrived (pf. mid. with Attic reduplication) to

/ "' > P" r/
signify- these (such) things to you.
The days shall arrive, when (with av joined) the bride-

groom shall be taken-away" '

**V.

The servants shall bring gifts to you rf<

".

One brought" J
one gift and another another. (Say,
Another brought another gift).
d"'
Bring"
2
my dress to me as-quickly-as-possible.
2
After-that she ran" directly, and kissed" his head (pate),
1

and (as-well-as) addressed' tf him.

The ships quickly ran-through"
*
the paths of-the-fish
 1

Hecuba caused (produced" 2 ) the beginnings of these (the)

3 2
Paris. nom
by having produced
evils,

He professed" * to be a teacher.
Ye cannot find (a. 2. opt. with ar) any other man more
wretched (trist).

SECOND PART.

GOVERNMENT OF THE PREPOSITIONS.

Observe that, in this Part of the work, the particular
Greek Preposition, which is the subject of each section, is
to be used in translating the English Preposition in each

sentence where only ONE

Preposition occurs. When more
than one are found, the reader will not be left in doubt
where he is to use the Greek Preposition which stands at
the head of the section.

Radical meaning, About.

GENITIVE.
They dwell about the city (Ionic).

I abominate (reject) the vision which I have seen *

(beheld)
concerning my dear daughter.
As when a lion and a boar fightdua/ about a small fountain.
I beseech you on-account-of (or by) Phoebus.
c 4
 32 SECOND PART.

DATIVE.
*
I recognise* him well ; for he has a broad shield about
Jus shoulders.
J have feared^" 1 " about fortunes.
your
My (Me?**) heart is tormented about the warlike Ulysses
(Ionic).
A bird sitting about the high (high-leaved) boughs of an
oak or fir. ...
ACCUSATIVE.
They sit about the solemn water of Pirene.
To be cast-out?^ amid the sand. (Aju<^>t
means here, so that
the sand surrounds the body).

She spread (a. 1. m. : the a rejected) her white arms''""'

around her dear son.

Those ( The) about Priam. ( That is, Priam and his at-

tendants.) %
The things concerning the war.
acc
That day (art.), and the entire following night, they
were engaged""^ about these things.
Of the allies died ' (died-off) about 13,000 (the ten-thou-
sand and three-thousand).
Being (Having become"* '") about sixteen 07* years old.
About (or towards) dusk.
Being-distant about thirty""* stadia. ( That is, 3f miles.)

Am,
Radical meaning, Up or Upon.

DATIVES
*
They found" the loud-voiced son-of-Saturn sitting upon
the-top-of-Gargarus (the highest Gargams).
1 " Ava, governs a DATFVE only in the Icnic and Doric poets." Matthix.
 Ava. O<J

The assembly of the expedition of the Greeks (Hellenes)

willcome in (i. e. on) ships.

ACCUSATIVE.
Having lifted" l
them on-high, he placed" '
them on a
tamarisk.
Weariness takes-hold-of him, creeping-upon (or over ; or
along ; or through) the fertile-soil of the vineyard.
He went" 2 (journeyed) through (av) the battle and through
the din of spears.

Revolving these things in your mind (understanding).

Throughout tins-war (the war this).

Through all the night (duskiness).

Every day. (Prefix the Preposition.)
In-process-of time.
Up (or against) the river.
They have in (or on) their mouth the oracles of God"*"'.

To capture" the city (through or) by force.

-

Having rode" his (the) horse with all his might (force),
'

he was present""*'".
I will unveil the hidden?^ (hidden-in) magic (Say, the

magic the hidden) up-to (or by, through ; or in just pro-

portion to) the word of truth"
7
"'.

In part to be employed in the da' things concerning

cc
(around) the city" ,
and in part to be employed in the things
concerning-himself.
a
And now I am ready to send-awa.y
*
the army, and to
n 2
inhabit*"" my" house, having taken" it
by turn, and to
2
give-it-back" to him"*"' for-an-equal-space-of-time.

And they fell-on" 1

the grass, rows-by-rows (rou's"
om

rows"""), by hundreds and by fifties.

c 5
 4 SECOND PART.

Of cinnamon and nard one ounce of each. {Express " of

"
h" by ava and put " one ounce
; in the accusative, pre-
ceded by this ava.)
He orders the soldiers to go-out Jive by five.
2
Dying (Ending} he bequeathed" to the Romans*" five

and twenty drachmas each. (Say, arajtre and twenty drach-

mas "
; omitting each")

Av-i,

Radical meaning, In front of,

In the face of.

GENITIVE only.
One thing held against the other (one).
Hector went (a. 1. m. of tipi) against the glorious Ajax.

The man> whom (ivith re) Jupiter loves"

l
*"V, is before

(i.
e. is
superior to) many people?'.
To exchange" m !
a mortal body for immortal glory. (Say,
immortal glory for a mortal body.)
I would choose (place : KO.V with present opt. middle) one
good man before all bad men.
Favor for favor. On-account-of these things.
We all- together entreat you in-behalf-of these children.
I shall reign instead-of him.

Peace instead-of war.

ATTO,

Radical meaning, From, so as to proceed from.

GENITIVE only.
An ox from Pieria.
 ATTO. 35

He piuP pa "
leapt (no augment) from his horses to-the-
ground.
6
Five-miles (forty stadia^ ") from the sea* e". (In this
" "
passage "from is to be placed, not before sea," but before
"
stadia.'")
To fight on-horse-back (from horses.)
To have done dinner. (Say, Teveadaifrom dinner.)
The third day dat after the sea-fight.

How have I received" l m

(received-info) you differently
from my expectations ?
dat
You will be (Attic) more removed from my (me ) good-
will, (That is, You will be more an object of dislike to me.)
Far from tJie mark.
To drink beginning-with (from) the day.
The Stoics. (Say, The? from the porch.)
1

On the mother's side. (Say, The

neut P
from the mother.)
I

He killed""^ (put-to-death) them by a silver bow.

Round as by a turner's-wheel.
ar '
I admired '"^ 1

Hermogenes on-account-of his (the) philo-

sophy.
To live on plunder.
Your (Say, The"""* from you.)
opinion.
Envy proceeding from the chief men.
From a love of justice.
From no crafty intention.
" From the open," in the neuter.)
Openly. (Say,
Having-their-own-laws according-to the alliance.
To be appointed archons aec by-means-of beans.
A constitution in which the governors are chosen accovd-

ing-to their incomes (circumstances).

The fear caused by the enemy?'.
c 6
36 SECOND PART.

They affirm that these women were stoned-to-death" ' "*

by the men-of-the-adverse-party.

Am,
Radical meaning, Through) so as to separate.

GENITIVE.
If the-^" straight lines
1
AG, DB, pass (go) through the
centre
To proceed through a hostile country. " hostile " in
(Put
the feminine ; y>/ being understood.)
He was lying extended" ' m the cattle human
among ; eating
flesh (picces-of-meat contracted) ard drinking pure milk.
:

He ordered" *
(arranged) Tarquin to govern them for life.
He witnessed" !
this to the end.

Throughout the day.

The pleasures which-arise (the) through the medium of

the body.
As (As-altogether) through the disobedience of one
ar '
man
many were made"
'
the (appointed) sinners ; so (thus) also
ar/
through the obedience of one the many be made-'"' '
shall

(appointed) just.
We figured'"to ourselves*" ten-thousand other fears in
1
*/"

" in vain "

vain. (Express by eta with the fern, of ceroc,
v-xovuias or some such word being understood.)
To hold a knife in the hand.
To have in hand the '"' interests 71
of the allies.

To see (mark) with the eyes.

They bear it in memory.
You held 02 *' him in honor and admiration.
 Am. 37
ar '
I had" 2 in expectation this end of life ar'.
I will teach you how the territory may bea 2 "f m (become)
in security.
" 01
(add m") my (me* ) wish.
It is

You held" z this in fault.

The army lamented (took* * in pity) the thing.
The council, having learnt" 2 this, were-ashamed-at-it.
*
(Say, took" the thing to shame.)

Being angry with the Lacedaemonians.

1
(Say, Holding*
theLacedaemonians in anger.)
The other lonians went (came-from : Ion. plup. pass.) to
war (battle) with Harpagus'*"'.
I am in fear. (Say, I arrive through fear.)
Quickly. (Say, Through quickness.)
Quickly. (Put Sta with gen. plur. neut. of ra-^vc, tla, v.)
Very shortly. (Put ia with gen. plur. of fipay^vraTOG.)
Villages at-a-great-distance-from-each-other. (Put e)ia
with the gen. neut. of TTO\I>. Am, from expressing separa-
tion, expresses distance.)

To be within a little of.

At-the-distance-of (Through) five stadia.

After a long time. After the eleventh year.

Every third year. (Express "every" by 3ia.)

" "
Every fifth year. (Express every by ta, putting
"
"fifth year in the plural.)

Pre-eminently-above others.

ACCUSATIVE.
Neither was the king able'^^to speak through ill-health"''.
For we have neither shoes through the brazier, nor armour
through the cobbler.
He was respected'**' for his fidelity.
38 SECOND PART.

Seven cities contended""^ for the birth-place (root) of

Homer.
'2 m to throw"
They resolved" (thrown-in) Miltiades into
acc
(etc) the pit and, had-it-not-been
; for the president-of-
" would have "
the-senate, he would have fallen-in. (Express

by av with a. 2. indie.)

The Peloponnesians expected "^ (seemed) 11

to seize (to

have seized-down-upon with av) every-thing (allneui f )

: a. 2.
1

without, had-it-not-been for the delay of that man.

Etc, EC:
Radical meaning, Unto, To.

ACCUSATIVE only.

Mother, reflecting well and yet not reflecting, I have come

a * m
(come-frotn ) to hostile men.
We
are-come to a distant plain, to an uninhabited desert.
m to
Having turned-themselves" dancing and to the
'

charming song, they were being delighted.

2
I entered" into the house of Dionysius the grammarian.

( Thus we say, to St.PauTs.)

He flung"
2
a sharp dart at us.
To descend into a town.
Achilles sold""^ (vended) my other sons into Samos and
the inhospitable Lemnos.
To be present at Sardis (Ionic). (EXQwv is understood.)
To appear 2 P at Proconnesus.
To entreat (Add etc) any-one.
We are (lie) in this necessity. (E\0o/rec is understood.)
As-soon-as he had sat-down""^ on his (the) paternal
throne.
 Etc, Ee . 39
The suppliants, sitting-down at the temple-of-Juno, were
asking-for these things. \
When we were contending ! around (round) the city ncc
occ
of Troy , he did not remain""^ (i. e\ eXOwv) in the crowd
of men, but ran-before'"'^, and put-to-death""^ many men.
mld 2 f the
They were consulting-about forsaking city for
the heights of Eubceaar'. V
Our fathers have disiAyed" ' m before all men
( The)
many-good (many and fair) deecJU.
The marriage (bed) of Clytemnestra renowned among the

Greeks
I was^ (sprang-up) a happy man in-other-respects except
in-regard-to my daughters.
The blood shed'"' (the poured-ouf) for the remission of sins.

To praise any-one for any thing.

To be first
acc in all things.

The thing came" 3 m (became) to such-a-pass this day ar

(ace.). ( That is, Such was the progress of affairs this day.)

Oppressed"
l
^ to the last neu/ degree.

With (properly, up to) all accuracy.

neut
Walls made-firm" J
in the securest manner. {Properly,
up to the securest point.)
neut
You have spoken" (remarked) well '
(to fair ).

You come in-good-time. To the third day.

Up-to my-time (me).

2
Resisting manfully as-long-as it-was-possible, at-last
2
they were all destroyed" .

How-long (Unto what"*"1 ) will you yet permit^ the people

to be killed ?
Until ( Unto whichneuf) he died" '

(ended).
We were sitting feasting-on very-large pieces-of-meat
*
(contracted) and delightful wine to the setting* sun.
40 SECOND PART.
Toward evening. For ever.
rf
I will give you <*a goat, which-has-brought-forth-t\vins,
to milk thrice (itp-to-thrice).
2
They seized-on the triremes and destroyed 3 l
in-all (
the

all) up to two-hundred.
Very-fine bulls were led""^" to be sacrificed to Jove
orf

(dot.) by fours.

EK before a consonant-; E before a votvel:

Radical meaning, Out of or from.

GENITIVE only.
Stones out-of which they make statues ar'. . . .

A grim brightness was beaming from his eyes.

To choose-out the strongest men from the citizens.
To fly out-of the city.

Ajax was conveying (leading) ships from Salamis.

To carry {bear} phials from the girdles. ( TJmt is, sus-

pended from the girdles.)

To hang" any- one by the foot.

'

To lay-hold-of a horse by the tail.

To have done sacrificing. (To spring" 2
'"from t/ie sacri-

fice.)
To go-to-war (war) after peace, and to agree"
*
again after
war.
After the sea-fight.
We-received the report some-time-ago.
Of old. (From ancient, -)(p6vov being understood.)
Shut-out^ by land and by sea.

With all one's (the) mind.

Unexpectedly. (From the unlooked-for f l .)

 Er. 41

Justly. (From the 'jlfs&fy

It is-necessary that he should give" 2 his blood as a liba-

da '
tion*^ to the earth on-account-of (from) the ancient resent-
ment?' of Mars. (Omit "that;" $c.)
For these reasons he was detested.
In-consequence-of the vision.
Does not the old-man live (is) ? Yes ; having prospered-
by-the-aid-of (from) the Gods.
'
abundantly"
The things spoken" by Alexander.
'

The walls built by the Greeks.

The things performed^ at-my-suggestion (from me).
Of-his-o\vn-accord. (From himself.)

Myself-and-t\vo-others. (From third?*.)

Radical meaning, In.

DATIVE only.
dat
There ) breast a certain inflexible mind.
is in p/
your (you
There is a great (much) army iu the park.

They abode""^, like (so-as) ants, in the sunless recesses of

caves.
In (or at) Carthage. Near Lacedseraon.
At this time or '. At which time.
To be in fear. To be in a rage.

It-is-his-pleasure, (It is in pleasure him dat ) that an expe-

* m
(driving-of-an-army) should march"
dition '"/
(spring)
acc
against (upon) Greece (art.).
I am-ashamed (have in shame**) to embrace your knee.
To blame (have in blame? ) any-one. 1

To esteem-equally (mahe mid in an equalmasc " man-

;
rpo7r^>,

ner," being understood).

42 SECOND PART.

To mid in a " 1
make-light-of (make lighf" ).
it all-the-same (in an masc
Judging?' equal ) to worship or-
not. (Put "and" before "to worship.")
To combat equipped with small-bucklers and javelins and
bows.
PT
Oh-that might be always adorned with garlands.
I ?"
( If)
It is now in your-power (you) either to enslave" ''(enthral)

Athens or to free" J
it.

Whele ar
The-whole ( the) matter rests with Triballus '.

As-far-as-regards (In) me (i. e., my opinion).

Ye know by many other (other many) letters the things

before done" * p.

To drink from horn cups.

It is better to dwell among good citizens than bad
(wicked).
There are shady resting-places among the high trees
Among (or before) such (so-great) witnesses.
All sick (in sickness).
He had-gone p'"p mid through (tUa) the Assyrian territory**",

having on his \eft fem the mountains of the Sogdiani, and on

his right/61 * the Tigris.

Polycrates the Samian was much engaged in-the-study-of

(in) the Muses.

He is not in-his-right-mind (in [i. e. the house~\ of him"
self).
had seen" ' m
If you*"* (vietced-steadily) the tragedians in
the festivals of Bacchus. . . .

I struck""-^ you with justice (right).

With (or in) haste.
To take" a
Syria by-way-of (in) dowry.
 EaY. 43

Eiri,

Radical meaning, Close upon.

GENITIVE.
The women bear burdens'"* on their (the) shoulders.
A broad-leaved olive at the head (highest part) of the
harbour
Standing?' (perf. poet.) near the doors (Ionic).
To stay" by the '
river.

To swear by the entrails. ( That is, To stand near and

swear.)
To sail towards Samos.
The- way ( Way the) leading (camjinfj) to Carin.
acc Sem
To go (go-on) ihe icay leading to Cilicia.
Before witnesses. In-the-time-of Cecrops.
In-time-of peace. Speaking about the fair boy.
To have ones name after any-one.
After me. (/. c. following my example.)
1 can-not conjecture 2 on-what-account. . . .

Having alone of all the Lacedaemonians always this

arf
arrangement-in-battle peculiar-to (upon) themselves. . . .

They live (inhabit) in-a-manner-peculiar-to (upon) them-

selves. e. They have a
(/. particular form of government.)
Looking- forward-to that-which-concerned (the" eut vpon)
themselves merely. . . .

Those-who-are-appointed (The) to-the-charge-of (over)

affairs ""'. . . .

Private-secretaries. (The over the letters.)

To stand" 2
four-deep (upon four).
The descent was by one at a time.
 44 SECOND PART.

DATIVE.
In-our-power. ( Upon us.)
To be under-the-direction-or-guidance-of soothsayers.
To do any thing under-the-direction-of any-one.
Woman is-by-nature (springs-up* *) prone to tears.
nfut
As-far-as-depends-on (The upon) me.
ar '
Megacles sent-a-herald""^ to Pisistratus*" to enquire
whether he would choose *" *""
(be-inclined) to have his
dat
(him ) daughter"
1"'
as a ^v>fe, on-condition-of-obtaining
(upon) the sovereignty.
Who will perfect (KE v with a. 1. opt. jiEolic) this work for
me liat
on-the-condition-of (upon) a great present ? There
shall be for himrfn/ a sufficient reward : for I will give him a
carriage and two horses having-large-necks.
For how-much would you " would "
? (Express by dv
with opt. of fioyXofiai.)
You have given*/" a-large-sum (much money) to Prota-

goras''"' for-teaching-you (upon) wisdom.

You succoured" '
us, coming from (euro) inhabited*
5 '

eut
cities"
1
"', and in-order-that-you-might (upon the" : with

inftn.) live-in them for-the- future.

Lest any robbers should appear" 2 * tubi to
you^"'^ with-a-
view-to-do-you (upon) hurt.
You did not learn" 2 this /em science in-order-to-exercise-it-
as (upon) a profession, but with-a-view-to (upon) instruc-
tion, as becomes the private-citizen and the liberal man.
To lead any-one to execution.
Would it not be (opt. with dv)great (much) ignorance
and infatuation to use to-the-purpose-of (upon) mischief
the *"' things which were made^'*"*'*"'' for-the-purpose-of
1

(upon) utility ?
 Eiel. 45

many houses and

2
Ambition has entered" into (fie) fortu-
2
nate cities, and has departed" to the destruction of those-

who-entertained (of tltz pl

using) her : After whom you are
mad. (Attic. Make "and has departed" one word.)

I-for-my-part particularly admire^ Homer for epic-

for dithyrambic-poetry, So-
poetry, the sou-of-Melanippus
phocles for tragedy, Polyclltus for statuary, Zeuxis for

painting.
To pride-oneself upon any thing.
They seize-on Peripolium which was by the river.

To having (with) children.

end-life" '

Having ( With) a daughter bcreft-of-her-mother, a daugh-

ter whose (whomdat ) name was Phronime ; having (ivith) her,
he married" J
another wife (woman).
To drink with one's (the) food (meat).
To sing over one's (the) cup (drinhing-cup).
He
promised" to give-''"' him his (of himself)
2
sister, and
money (riches) with her.
To sit
(rest) and-weep (with tears).
Do not (pi) pass^ into (ee) the recess of the temple
(houses) without-having-sacrificed-sheep- (upon imsacrificed
cattle).
The friends, who-are (the being) not (pj) friends in cala-
mities"^, possess the name, but not the reality offriendship.
He stood-up"
2
immediately after him.
Besides these things. (That is, Moreover.)
ace
Holding a vessel on her (the) head.
Pear ripens on (or after) pear, apple on apple, grape on
grape, and fig on fig.

Pericles, the son of Xanthippus, was chosen" '

to utter a
funeral oration over these men.
A stone lion stood^ over Leonidas (f.
e. over his grave).
4G SECOND PART.
The persons appointed-to-the-charge-of (over) the engines.
He sent
'

him as-commander-of (over) the army.

ACCUSATIVE.
To mount on a horse.
The crocus-vested Aurora diffused-hereelf(wasf/z^ttsec?in1? } !/

over land (a7a).

all the

Now I have arrived 2

here, sailing over the wine-colored
sea to strange men.
And farewell I proceed, as you; see (mark), to the deed.
To go (go-on) to a hunt.
To go to a show. To go for water.
We are present for this very""" purpose thafc-we-may (tic
with part. fut. dual) exhibit and teach.
neut ar '.
With-regard-to ( The upon : in one tcord) this girl
O daughter, you-must-not-tell this to (or among) the
inob.

Having these things, Cro2sus ar< sent-off'""^ to

finished l

* and silver""*. The

(es) Delphi two great goblets, gold*"
1

neut
to one entering * dat (go'mf/-
gold one lay""^ on the right?'
into) into (eg) the temple. (Put this sentence in the Ionic
form.)
For a time. (That is, For some time.)
For two days. For five-miles (forty stadia).

The land is fruitful ; and, when (if-consequently) it yields-

fruitsuhJ most-fruitfully, it yields (brings-oitt) about a-hun-
dred-fold n<> < r*
 Kara. 47

Kara,

Radical meaning, Down or Towards in a direction doivn.

GENITIVE*
2
Phoebus Apollo went" (journeyed) down-from the tops
of Olympus, holding a bow and a quiver covered-on-every-
side.

Agamemnon rose-up'"^ weeping (pouring-tears') as (so-as)

a springhaving-black- water, which pours its dark water
down-from a lofty rock.
To pour (give) water* upon the hand.
To make-a-descenta 2 under the earth.
Archers shooting at a mark.
To hit on the temple.
That (To-the-end-that), coming" * m
(becoming) on the rear
2 *"%
of the enemyP', they might attack" them *"'.
4

To introduce a decree against a city.

The punishment denounced against traitors (the?' be-

traying).
There was much praise given to the city.
(Properly,
castDOWN on it.)
Which was the greatest praise (encomium) as-regarded
you*'.
If (If-altogether) you seek any one thing which-applies-
to (according-to) all. . ..

To descend down a ladder.

The churches had peace through all an
(whole) Judea .
all his
Through (the) life (duration).
" Karck
joined with the DATIVE very seldom, and only by the poets."
1
is
" Karck
Viger. is never
joined with the DATIVE. The observation of Vi^er
was founded on passages ill
explained." Hermann.
48 SECOND PART.

To vow a thousand he-goats. (Put Kara after " to vow")

To swear" by unspotted victims.
'

ACCUSATIVE.
After-that they sat""^ (without augment) down-on couches
and chairs in-order.

Now take (seize-on - m a repast down-in (or along) the

)

camp.
To lie down towards the west.

The Phoenicians were drawn-up (Ionic plup. pass.) ri'ght-

against the Athenians and the lonians right-against the
;

Lacedaemonians.
Whose ( Of whom) renown is extensive through Greece
and the-middle-of-Argos (middle Argos).
On the voyage.
The wrath (fury) of Talthybius was rekindled" '

during
the war of the Peloponnesians and Athenians, as the Lacedae-
monians say.

During the former war they perpetually struggled""^

(without augment or contraction) unsuccessfully ; but in
(down-in) the time about (according-to) Croesus they had
mid
already become?'"? superior in the war*".
Our-contemporaries. ( The* accordina-to us.)
1

The third from (atro) Cadmus, and contemporary-with

(accordina-to) Labdacus.
Prom that Bacchus**' who-is-said (the being said) to
have sprung" 2 from (EK) Semele the daughter of Cadmus
down-to (sc) my-time (me), there are (is) about (accordiny-

tci)
1600 (six-hundred and thousand) years at-the-most.
To travel by land and by sea.
To be governed by (or with) force.
In (or by) turn. With propriety.
 Kara. 49
The virgins came (were-preseni) with clamor'*"' and weep-
ing to their (the) fathers, who wept-in-turn""^ seeing (mark-
1

ing :
Ionic) their (the) children ill-used*/.
Through (ia) this plain**" the-Hyllus-and-other-rivers
(rivers and others and Hyllus) flowing burst-together into

(ec) the greatest river of the country, called Hermus ; which,

flowing from (t) a mountain sacred to Dindymene**", dis-

embogues into (EC) the sea near (down-in) the city Phocaea.
"
(Put 2e after called.")
The strangers and the-rest-of-the-company (the other

company) were come""^ to (or for the spectacle.

For what"*"* purpose have you come" z ?
For this very thing I do not admire (wonder-at) Polus.
I will explain (Attic) what (this which) ye ask, on what
(what-any) account he ill-treats me.
sailed" ' ? lacc
in-order-to-collect (down-to) booty.
Having
A few of them chose-to-remain-idle-in-the-battle""r/ (no

augment) in-obedience-to (according-to) the commands of

Themistocles but the greater-part chose riot to do so.
;

A ccording-to Pindar. ( That is, As Pindar says. Used

in quotations.)

I-for-my-part have so-greatly longed^ to hear"

l
you, that
(so-as), if (av) you were-to-make (pr. subj. mid.) on-foot
the tour to-Megara, and, as-Herodicus-did, (according-to
a 2
Herodicus) having got-to the wall dat should come-back" 2

again, I would not (ou p.fi)

leave (leave-by : a. 1. pass, subj.)

you*"" (or, be left by you).

You will find your father and mother to be very-difierent-

people-from (not according-to) Mithradates.

I am not a rhetorician after-their-fashion (according-to

them).
arr
Xenophon outdid (surpassed**) the simplicity of Plato
Gr. Ex. D
50 SECOND PART.
in his-own-peculiar-simplicity (simplicity** the according-to
himself).
The Aradians were governed-by-kings'" ^ in-a-manner- 1

peculiar-to (according-to) themselves.

Men (The) of-our-station-or-character (according-to us).
If I seem to-any-one to speak weightier (contracted form)
words than what-accords-with (according-to) myself (i. e.

my person, c/iaracter, or custom)

are wise with some greater (contracted form) wis-
They
domaccthan what-accords-with (according-to) man.
*
Having sinned" against (towards) himself, he has pu-
nished^ **"* himself*"* more than his-sin-deserves (according-
to the sin).

The tendencies
which-are-peculiar-to-or-which-belong-to
(according-to) the body
He is fair as-regards (according-to) the body, but is on-

the-contrary ugly as-regards (according-to) the mind.

An attendant (minister) places-by (lays-by :
Poet.) him*"
meat (eating) and drink, whenever (whensoever) fatigue in-

vades" 2 mbJ him in his limbs.

The Lacedaemonians, fighting (Ionic) indeed one
l
by one,
are inferior to no (not-even-one^) men* 871
; but, when in-a-
body, are the bravest of all men.
Seven-at-a-time. (By seven.)
The Corcyreans, making-the-attack badly and with-few-
fem
ships-at-a-time (byfew ). . .

"
Every month everyday. :
(Express every" by KCLTO..)

Village-by-village. (By villages.)

City-by-city. (By cities.)

1
Karck is here used like Per in Latin : the meaning of which word KrA
bears in some of the preceding sentences.
 Mtra. 51

Hera,
Radical meaning, Close with.

GENITIVE.
(Put this sentence in the Doric form.) O Health,
eldest/6 "1 (or most venerable) of the happy-Gods, may I

abide *" with thee the remainder""* of my life. For, if there

is
any grace (beauty) either of wealth, or of children (off-
springP ), or of empire, or if there is given any other delight
1

to men** from-the-Gods, with thee, blessed Health, it has

mid
flourished^ , and with thee the spring of the Graces
shines.

In (fv) no (not) long (much) time the disease (illness)

descended""^ into ma!C
(etc) the heart with a violent cough.
2 *"
They became-superior-to" their (the) enemies through
craft and art.

They do not lie unhonored in oblivion.

On(In) that occasion""*, when the Barbarian was bringing

dat
slavery on (bringing-on slavery) all persons, these were
on-his-side (with him).

DATIVE.*
The eagles'*"
'
were flying?', along-with the blasts of the
wind.
I, wretched""* (unable-to-stand) woman, was queen among
the Idsean women**' and conspicuous among the virgins.
I now your?' place-of-assembly, desirous of return^
sit in

praying both the King and all the people.

Two generations of articulately-speaking men had perished
(had been consumed : Ionic) already in-Nestor's-time, and
he was reigning (avu.aau) among men-of-the-third-genera-
tion.

1 " MST&
is found with a DATIVE in poetry only." Valpy, Gr. Gr.
D 2
 52 SECOND PART.
I will eat him "
last (remotest} after his associates.
Apollo killed im tf (utterly. slew] the pilot of Menelaus, as
he was holding"" the rudder of the running Agoing-fast)

ship (Ionic) between his hands.

He was weaving another device in his mind (intellects).

ACCUSATIVE.
There a monstrous man dwelt- within'" *^ who fed""^ 1
his
cattle alone afar-off; nor did he hold-any-intercourse'" ^ 1

with others, but being apart- from others was-skilled-in (had

ascertained: Attic) unlawful nmt practices.
Thus ( Thedat neut) assuredly
(at-leasf) Neptune, even though

(if) he wishes (is-inclined) much otherwise, would suddenly

change (upset : a. 1. opt. dEolic with KE) his mind so-as-to-

be-in-unison-with (close-with) your and with my sentiments
heart).
The schemes, which"*"* Themistocles ar had ?' <mtf in hand?', '

lie was able also to manage a and he was-not-wanting-in

'
;

f
aptly in matters in
J ir>
(had not been estranged) judging"
jphich**" he was"?' im tf
previously inexperienced.
Whom I love most next-to you.
A city acc the richest in (ei>) Asia 01"'
next-to Babylon.

Sailing after (or, in search of) brass.

Go (Arrive"
2
) after the Trojans and the Greeks.
Having sent" **" for a carriage {horse
l
vehicle).
As when some stable-horse, having burst" '
its bond,
holds head (pate) on-high, and
its its knees (Poet.) bear""*
it
easily to the usual-abodes and to the pasture of the

mares.
The women tell the thing at-night to-their-husbands, and
on (or with) the next day the rumor went""^ (progressed)
1

through (2tct) the city*" -

 Neither (Not-and) is he able to sleep by-night, nor (not-

and) remain by day where he is (subj. with av).

On the third day.

and day. "

Night"** (Put pra before day")

Ilapa,

Radical meaning, Along side of, or By the side of.

GENITIVE.
Bacchus (BO.K-XZVQ, t^c)? dwelling-in Thebes acc the mo-
ther-city of the Bacchanals by-the-side-of the damp (wet)
streams of Ismenus
m a knife from-beside
Having drawn-out
l
his thigh. . . .

To go (proceed) from-beside any-one.

The deserters (having deserted a ) from-beside J
the king.
To report from the council.
Messengers ( The) sent from you.
For there is no-one so (thus) supine who (whoever) would
choose (receive: a. 1. m. opt. with ay) to accept (accept-
2
from" ) this power (the power this) from his (the) ancestors.
'
1 paid"
with-my-own-money (from me).
Of themselves. (TJiat is, Voluntarily.)

DATIVE.
To (
ce subjoined to the substantive) the place-of-assembly
006

of the Phaeacians which had been built (fabricated)

along-
side-of their ships. ....
The boys do not eat (feed-on) beside their mother, but
beside their (the) teacher.
O child, what are you babbling ? You must not (ov p/)
6awl-out a J *"*>' these things among the rabble.
D 3
54 SECOND PART.

No-one of the Persians, either (not-and) of those-who-

\vere-born afterwards or (not-and) of those-who-were-born
a* m
(the) before, exceeded-Zopyrus-in-beneficence (surpassed

beneficent-conduct of Zopyrus) except (unless-it-be ') Cyrus"*

alone, in-the-judgment-of-Darius (by-the-side-of Darius
judge).
He said" *
(asserted) that those, whom he had ordered J
,

must (xprjva-i) go (go-on'V) to Tissaphernes. (Properly,

along side of Tissaphernes.)

ACCUSATIVE.
He walked a> pensive by-the-side-of the shore of the

much-resounding sea.

One man snail-stand^"* mid along-side-of another man

"1
araied-with-a-sword* .

When (rjfj.os)
the sun set" *
and darkness (obscurity)
came, they-laid-themselves-down2 by the cables of the ship
(Ion.).
They led Psammenitus to Cambyses. (/. e. by his side.)
The two went*" ""^ back towards
1'
the ships of the

Greeks.
The affairs of the Greeks came (became** m*a ) to this"* " 1

pass.
Syracuse
07"'
came to so-great"6"*
a pitch of danger.
At the very moment of the commission of the acts of in-

justice. (Say, By-the-side-of very

acc & the acts -of-injustice).

At dinner art. On the journey.

Fearlessness arl in-the-midst-of disasters *.

Through his (the) whole life.

1
The origin of Sri (ify in this phrase will be clear from this sentence .-

" There was

nothing but love in the letter." "On (i. c. 8, TI from &rm) ^
" but will mean
(pus, love," properly, which was net love.
 Ilupa.
55

Let us consider (speculate-on: a. 1. m. subj.) Miltiades or',

examining him along-side-of Lycurgus"

1
"'.

Considering (Marking) the institutions of those as-com-

pared-with (by-the-side-of) the institutions of the others.
He thought""*'' (regarded) no-one adequate to the task,

in-comparison-with himself.
Achilles despised a l
danger""* in-comparison-with doing
natt
(the to endure l
) any thing disgraceful.
He becomes, if-compared-with (himself by-the-side-of)
a<
himself, more apt every day *. (/caret)
We-must survey and examine each"'"* *>
l
of the things-

which-have-happened variously according-to the occasions

which produced them.
Men art
live (pass-life) as (just-as) Gods, if-you-compare-

them-with (or beyond) the other animals.

More frequent eclipses of the sun took-place 2 compared-
with those"*"' recorded as taking place formerly (SK the

formerly time).
If I alone were-in-danger imtf (ran-a-risk), I should have

regarded (made : a. 1. m. with itv) the circumstance as (by-

the-side-of) nothing.
2 OT
Having regarded" (placed) his-own (the of himself)
neut
safety as (by-the-side-of) a slight matter. . . .

. To regard any thing as (by-the-side-of) less neut (i. e. of

less
importance) than-is-fitting.
We have become pf mi<t superior-to-our-enemies by far
neui 1
(much ). ( See the Note. )
He retreated" ', to so-great neut an extent worsted" '.

1
I have chosen to make this and the
following constructions depend
on the COMPARATIVE nature of irapit; though the note in
p. 57. may
suggest a more correct account of them.
D 4
56 SECOND PART.
neut
Let-us-not-depart so much (by so-much ) from the

divine (godlike) equality**".

""" *
By so-little
7
did Macrinus not escape (fly-from) his-
acc
pursuers (the pursuing). (That is, So
nearly did Macri-
nus escape his pursuers. Here irapa TOOOVTOV expresses the
opposite to did above. But napa, as marking com-
what it

parison, expresses more or less, as the case may be.)

He would have been overtaken, had it not been that his
pursuers turned from the straight path. (Say, He was not
a l ne>u
as-much-as
seized-down-upon by so-much by the **

at f the straight^"1 gen .)

pursuing turned-from
You avoided" 2
destruction only by a little
m"u .

A
few votes more and he would have been degraded

(Say, He was degraded within a few votes. Uapa has

l 11 1

here an opposite sense to what it has in the last sentence*

See the observation in the third sentence above.)

The Illyrian nations, which-are (being) narrow, make""'
the Germans contiguous-to and neighbours with the Ita-
dat neut
lians except-only-by (irapa) so-slight a separation.
( That is, Were it not for the narrow slip of Illyricum, Italy
and Germany would join.)
They were all slain" P (token-off) except a
*
few.
He was very near gaining his cause. (Say, He gained
*

thf cause within a little neut.)

The city was very near being taken. (Say, The city
came imtf within little
neut
to be token-captive.^)

Having brought-up^ (a. 2. with Attic reduplication) the

" Pauca defuere

suffragia, quo minus
1
Viger translates the sentence .

ignominia notaretur."
2 to the last sentence, this should run
According :
Hap" c\lyas tyfiQovs
OTK riTi/juefhi. By a few votes he was NOT degraded. That is, It wan
only by the absence of a few votes more that he was not degraded.
 Hapa. 51

engines to the walls, and having come (arrived" 2

) within a
>neuf neut
iittle
(brief ) of-taking (of llie to capture ) the city.

(See the Note\)

He was all but killed. (Say, He came within nothing to

be token-aside* *.)

They very nearly got the victory. (Say, They came within
neut
little
of victory. )
Having suffered & mid P* some-things (the*"" indeed), and
(but) having-gone-near-suffering (Say, within nearly hailing
arrived" 3 to suffer " 2 ) others (the.)
He was very far from taking the city. (Say, He came
within much neitt
to capture the city a 2 m acc
.)
He has fallen very far short of the successes of the past

(Say, He came within much

neut
year. of the successes in-
the-past-year.)
Far-short ( Within much neut ) of the value.
Far-below ( Within much neut) expectation art (gen..)
Below his strength (ability.)
Above (or beyond) his strength. (See above. Ilapd, as a
"
comparative particle, admits of either sense " above or
"
below.")
"*
It shall appear"
1
to you'*"' a wonder and beyond expec-
tation.

If there is
any other idea of learning besides (or beyond)
these fem

Beyond (or contrarily to) decorum.

Contrarily-to nature. Out-of tune.

1
In this sentence the following constructions are proposed : 1. E\66i>-

TS jSpax" irapa (from) rov e\fiu. 2. E\66vrfs irapa (up to) jSpax" (a short
distance from) TOV t\fiv. These constructions may be applied to the pre-
ceding sentences.
D 5
5S SECOND PART.

Nor did this man so-much -increase-in-power ^J" " by 1

his-

own (the of himself) strength (robustness)

as (as-much-as"*")

by our"^ negligence.
For why ? All despond on-account-of him.
Old-men and youths going-together alternately (by-the-
matc
side-of one ).

Inflicting*
1'"*
one-on-the-other** stroke for stroke.
acc
Every-other-day. (Day beside day.)

Every (Beside) third day.

Every (Beside) third-^"1 day.

Every (Beside) three days.

fem
Every-other (Beside one ) day.

Every-other (Beside) day.

Every-other (Beside) month.

Ilept,

Radical meaning, About.

GENITIVE.
He m near
(Trap) him a variegated couch, that
J
placed"
(to-the-end-thoi) he might question ?' him about his absent
father.
nevt
I do-not-know-at-all-what (have not-any-one ) to do
about the man.
He asked '
experienced
art
men what (whichever) he-

ought do in-regard-to the undertaking.

(it behoves) to
As-concerns (About) eating and drinking he was thus
habituated-to-act^P"" *""'.

Alarmed lest he should plot a l P'

(JEolic form) any thing
against him
 If (If-altogether) we-must commit- injustice'n/ it is most ,

decorous to commit-injustice (about, or) for-the-sake-of ob-

taining a kingdom.
To fight for one's country.
Not-at-all-does-it-behove-us . to run-into-danger for the
offences of-others (gen. pi. of oXXdrptoe), as if we were
acc
.
guilty
' mid P I that the free
Begging" only persons might go-
away
2 W for whom they had exchanged"
'
(interchanged)
the prisoners of the Tusculanians. . . .

This man wishes to be above 1

all others.

The Phaeacians are skilled above all men in-rowing (to

row) a swift ship (Ionic) in (tv) the sea.

Having appointed-instead ^ other captains and Sicin-
'

niusar' head (ruler) over all. . . .

The above every thing that the mode-

aristocrats wishing

of-government should not (pri) be altered"^.

dat
The-Volsci-wish-particularly (It is Volsci above much
l>eut
) to settle" m the '
with
mattere-of-complaint (complaints)
(irpoc) the Romans'" '. 1

To consider (makemid ) of the greatest"*"* consequence.

(Properly, To value beyond what is of the greatest conse-
quence.)
DATIVE.
To wear a gold ring about the hand.
Clothes " which they had'"
1
^ about their bodies.
To dance about the altars.
When (oTTTrcrf) a man is wounded (/3\jjrcu) fighting (Ionic)
about (or for) his possessions, either about his oxen or about
his white-sheep. . . .

i
Ilepi in this sense seems allied to irtpo and iripctv.

D 6
60 SECOND PART.

To fight (contend) for his country.

He feared (was-affrighted) for the shepherd of the

people?*.
I am-afraid to speak" '
to (opposite-tof1) you on-account-
of my inveterate (primitive) dread of-you.

ACCUSATIVE.
Phoenicians dwelt""^ about (or round) all Sicily"*.

Round (a/z^i) about a spring we offer-up perfect hecatombs

to the immortals.

Those (The) about the court.

To be occupied about any thing.
Rhetoricians. ( The about rhetoric.)
'1
Grammarians. ( The about grammar .)
Orators. (The about words"*.)
art
Philosophers. ( The about wisdom .)

Those-who P" r ' about

The) concern-themselves-much
( phi-
losophy"** dispute about the exercises^*" (the exercises the)
of the mind (soul).
The pleasures which-belong (the) to the body.
Socrates is now ill with the disease (the disease the) of
the strangury.
To speak about any thing.
To offend against any-one.
About this (this the) timeK
When was now (already) about day-break" *.
it
1
. . .

It was habitual with the Tarentines"**" to be drunk about

1
the time-when-the-forum-was-full.

About the setting of the sun.

About the time of the lighting

*'
of the candles.

Having sunk"
*
about seventy ships, they erected" '
a

trophy.
1
The middle of the portion of time between day-break and noon.
 Hpo. 61

About three-thousand.
Having come (driven :pf. Attic) to (towards) somewhere
about his eightieth year.
Somewhere about a thousand in number. (Say, Thou~
sand about somew/iere the number acc .)

Radical meaning, Before.

GENITIVE onlyi

Before the king.

Before all the troops-in-battle-array.
Before the doors.

At-a-great-distance-from (Before much" 1 gen : i. e. much

space before) the city.
To be snatched-away before the proper-time.
The day before the first (one fem ) of the calends of March.
1"'

They wish to undergo all dangers" rather-than (before) that

eut e en aec
(the" ) their (the) existing glory should be lessened" "tf. !

Consider (Make mid ) neither (not-either) your children nor

(not-either) any (not-one) thing else of-greater-consequence

neut
than (before) justice (the just ).

He valued (a. 2. with Attic redupl.) him even before

j ove art himself.
To value (make mid) above much. (That is, To value
highly.)
They-were-prompt to fight for their children and for

their wives (women). (Properly, to fight before them so as

to protect them.)
 2 SECOND PART.

He would choose (prefer : a. 2. opt. with av) to die (expire)

for him often.

Laboring (Struggling) for (or, in the service of) an un-

gentle prince.
He feared (was-affrighted) lest the Greeks should
leave" 2 opt
him a prey to the enemy
1
(devastating^ ) (for, or)
through fear.

I am driven from-country-to-country (earth* before

1

earth).

Radical meaning, Towards.

GENITIVE.
Towards the south.

The infantry and all the cavalry (mare) passed'"1^ (jour-

neyed-through) over (Kara) the-bridge (the other of the

bridges) which-lay (the) towards the Euxine-Sea ; and the
beasts-of-burden and the servants passed over (Kara) the acc
neut acc
bridge which lay towards the JEgea.n sea.
2
Sleep is
(has journeyed" ) most delightful towards
morning.
Let these (dual) be (imperative dual) witnesses?* both
before the blessed Gods and before mortal men.
or '
I supplicate you (before or) by your child and the

Gods, do-not-betray us.

l **
By the Gods, help" us.

1 " The idea of poi-rb appears to be here implied in irpb as iu v

Matthiae.
 Up6 s 63

To do nothing unjust either (not-and) before the Gods or

(not-and) before men.
A turn-of-mind
impious towards the Gods and base
(shameful) towards men.
Giving (Bringing-on) his (the) vote against his enemy
(inimical man).
Agreeably-to his inclination. (Properly, in a direction
towards it.)
The attempt is agreeable-to-the-character-of (towards)
the man.
It is not the-part-of (towards) this (the) city to recede
acc neut
the -least(not-even by-the-side-of so-little ) from its

(the) ancient (of-old) high-mindedness**".

He im
(pointed-out-the-way tf) that it was the-
declared

part-of (towards) a timid (bad) man to indulge such lamen-

1

tations always.

Each man will make (a. 1. JEolic opt. with av) his (the)
choice of (about) his (the) mode-of-life*'" according-to his
turn-of-mind.

Being Athenians on-the-part-or-side-of (the acc **"* **

to-

wards) their mother.

Free acc on-the-side-of both his father and mother.

A maternal grand-father. (Say, A grand-father the to-
wards mother.)
Related-by (The by) blood.
He takes the admonitions in-the-light-of (towards, i. e. as
allied to, or tending towards) an injury.
To speak" 2
(remark) on-the-part-or-side-of (towards) the
accused ""*.
Callias seems to me"**' to be much on-the-side-of (i.
e. in

favor of) Protagoras.

 SECOND PART.
He said that the eagle acc was"f propitious-to (towards)
him.

Teaching them that it was"^ to-the-advantage-of (towards}

acc
the senate that-there-should-be (the nevt to be) many tri-

bunes *cc of the people.

He interpreted""
8 the
''
oracle to-his-own-advantage (to-
wards himself).
Which is rather in-favor-of those- who-have-acted-unjustly
pl
(the having acted-uryustlytf).
This is to uae dat for good"*'".
That will-be (become :
opt. a. 2. with av) bad (towards
1 **
bad"**) for the enemy P*.

I suspect that-I-shall-not-go-unthanked either (not-arid)

ar
on-the-part-of you?', or (not-and) on-the-part-of allGreece '.
Be suspicious-of nothing bad on-the-part-of (or from) a
good jiian.
Learned men meet-with (get) unfriendly envy from the

citizens.

That-which-was (The neut ) doing (making *""*) on-the-part-

of (or by) the Lacedaemonians.
To be prevented doing so by a vile-fellow.

To be courted by all.
It was confessed^ even by an adversary.
Impelled by his crimes he beat-out"
'

footh-his-eyes.
Ill-in-mind in-consequence-of his (the) misfortune, he
dat
imprecates most unholy curses on his children .
For what (of-ivhat-kind) fault am I undone ?

DATIVE.
Towards (or near, just by) the city.
He is whole-in-limb, free-from-disease. fortunate-in-his-
children, and handsome ; and, if further in-addition-to l
these

things he shall end his {the) life well, this man is

worthy to

be calledP-f happy.
He is
young, and besides being-young (the young
neut
) he
is delicate and fair.

Besides its-being-wrong it is also ignoble.

At-the-same-time-that-he-had-a-bad-disposition (besides
the malignity) he was also ambitious-of-fame.

We
were engaged in this disputation 07 "'.
{Properly, We
had our minds bent TOWARDS it-)
I am wholly (whole) taken up with this"'*' business.
They said (affirmed 2 ) that he acc had long got-up" "* and 1

was V busy with writing letters.

If they were able" f^opt in-any-way *
to persuade a l
any?"
either of the cooks or of those (the) whose business it was to

attend to the cups (tumblers)

To be busy with* his-own-reflections (himself).

ACCUSATIVE.
Look" '

(See) towards them, look" '.

The does, just-as if they were winged, leaped ""^ to wards

heaven art .

The Persians pursued'" ^ the cavalry (mare) of the Scy-

1

thians (Ionic form) towards the east.

The God went-away (travelled-away at ) to Olympus.

To reply to the things asked.
What is this to the purpose ?

What?' a boy learns (a. 2. subj. with aY), this*"* he is

wont to preserve a m to old-age. '

1
For in going TOWARDS an object, we go to ADD or join ourselves to it.

* See the
examples on the Accusative.
66 SECOND PART.

You
say that the Nymphs
acc
(Nymphs the) of Achelous,
and Pan the son of Mercury, are more skilful in-respect- W
to composing orations than Lysias*"*" the son of Cephalus.
To speak for (properly, in regard to) the best""*
' m
Having stated-what-was-false (lied" ) with-a-view-to
his interest.

They differ with-respect-to the mode-of-government.

They differ about the notion of eloquence.

Complete in virtue.

The things which appertain to us. ( That is, our affairs.)

As-far-as-concerns the city.
It rests (is) with l ourselves both to (the aeut ) be spoken of

well and to-be-spoken-of (the neut to hear) ill. (A.KOVZIV is here

properly, to hear ourselves spoken of. )

dat
To distribute" l
to each?' according-to their dignity.
According-to circumstances (the happening"** ^).
Related?* to any-one by family.

They did not judge-of""^ happiness art by money.

To administer all things according-to what- was (the" eut )

proper.
To live conformably-to another (i. e. another's desires or

rules).

Conformably-to the statement of the Babylonian, who

asserted l
that, as-soon-as-ever mules should bring-
forth" tsub->, then the wall should-be-taken (to be-taken-cap-
tive*11 )- conformably-to this ar' saying, Babylon
^ seemed ""-
dat
to Zop\r\is to be capable-of-being-taken.
The depth was not in the proportion of the width.

I wish to speak *
(remark) the truth (the true
pl neut
) and

'
Properly, it concerns us, it belongs to us, it is our property, it is in

our power
 67
not according-to your 07 "'
words (i. e. not taking your words

for a pattern).
Lest (In-order-that-not) he should take * "^ the thing as

(towards) an insult.
To fly with the wind (blowing).
We frame-our-thoughts (have obtained*?? the disposi- *'

tions) according-to our (the) circumstances (fortunes).

An (The) incredible number (concourse) are said*" * to
1

4 m
have perished (utterly-perished" ), if-you-compare-it-with
the size of the city.
The wisest""* of men will appear"1 "* an ape as-compared-
with (towards) God.
yjjgacc pi p '.
in-comparison-of you
mid more-memorable (Ionic)
Egypt presents (holds-out-to )
works than (towards) any (every) country (territory).
He dared" *
to praise" 1
my-actions (me) as-compared-with
(towards) yours (the your actions).
The generals of the Athenians consulted""^ in-the-mean-
while with-a-view-to (or conformably to, on occasion of) the

past calamity and to the present universal want-of-strength

in (ev) the
camp.
Conformably-to (or on account of) this vision 01"' I have
hastened this marriage 01
!
"'.

On-account-of these things reflect (ruminate).

For what"'"* reason do you say it ?
On-account-of these things abuse Creon.
For-the-sake-of-doing a favor.
For the sake of food.
' 1
It-has-been-determined, by the Greeks'' to slay" your
child/"""* near ( or towards) the-tomb-of- Achilles (the Achil-
lean tomb).
To be reconciled to an (iJie) enemy.
68 SECOND PART.
To make" m l
a treaty *' with the generals of the Athenians.
I weep (cry) and moan myself fem (self) with myself (O.VTTJ).

To compare any-one with another.

With accuracy. With contumely.
With unsparingness. With pleasure.
The government (rein) of Jove constrained ""ft'' him to do
these things against-his-will (with violence).
d<"
I have come" 2
(borne-myself) bearing a note to you
in-addition-to the things which were before written^.
So-that there " 2 inf of them
perished (utterly-perished)
about seven-hundred. (Properly, towards that number.)
He put
01
(made-to-stand) his spear against (properly,
towards) a long pillar.
To make" m ready (prompt)
l
the things that were necessary

against the enemy ?'.

This amulet art is-good (makes) against deadly poisons.

Against day-break (day).

Suv,

Radical meaning, With, Together with.

DATIVE only.
I have now come down 2
here with my ship and (as-well-
as) my companions (Jfrapoe).
Hecuba together-with the captive women has utterly-
destroyed" me.
J

To be more on-the-side-of the Greeks than on-the-side-of

the Barbarian (i.
e. the Persian king).
He ordered ^
1 "1
that the judge*** should (ought W) pass
inf mid " rt
(place ) sentence according-to law*.
 69
He said at (remarked) many things not agreeably- to de-
cency.
Go (Progress: opt. with av) with haste.
' nntt
avenge you* with justice (the just
7
I will ).

It behoves a man to become either an enemy

aec
or a
friend when-the-occasion-demands-it (with occasion).
To your art advantage.
We see (mark) you in-good-health by-the-divine-blessing
(with Gods).
Let us go a2 *"*->
(go-upon) with-the-favor-of the Gods
against (upon) those-who-injure-us (the injuring").
By-divine-impulse. ( With God.)
I imagine, but it-shall- be-said under-the-idea-of-help-from
(with) God, that I shall cure "^
you of this disease-of-the-
ar '
eyes (gen.).

As-for-the-present,let-it-be-saidwith-the-blessing-of(z0iVA)
God, things-go-well-with-me.

Radical meaning, Over.

GENITIVE.
Him (The) he hit" *
(threw) in his head*"* over the ear.
The sun moving over us and our (the) roofs. . . .

High above the earth.

The maid-servant (minister} poured imjf (poured-upon)
water-to-wash-with upon the silver caldron.
I shall
speak (converse) upon (or of) these subjects.
To fight in-behalf-of any-one. (Properly, To stand and
fight OVER any one so as to protect
him.)
70 SECOND PART.

To sacrifice for the city.

We are unable to provide the things which would be

useful for our-future-circumstances.
To be-alarmed for any-one.

Beseech him in-behalf'-of (or,

for the sake of) his father

and mother and child (offspring).

I beseech you for-the-sake-of (or by) the blessed Gods.
Die not (p)) for me (this man), nor I for you.
This man, being king, takes-an-oath for (or, instead of)
all the land.

These, having assumed

a * the
magistracy, thought-fit
im &
to levy others in-the-room-of the soldiers who-had-died
a 2
war with An-
(the having died-off ) in (iv) the (irpog) the
acc
tiates .

To fight for (i. e. in order to obtain) the royal (kingly)

house **.
Not on-account-of (ei/era) a private desire-of.-power, but
on-account-of an ambitious-desire art for- the-public- good.

ACCUSATIVE.
Their sacrifices are these. When
(If-conseguently) they
have begun-with (begun-from : a. 1. m. subj.) the ear*"
1

of the beast, they throw (toss) it over the house. . . .

Ability above man.

ar '
You contrive (machinate) to escape-from my recita-
acc art
tion beyond Prpteus (i.
e. beyond what Proteus could
do).
A thing dreadful and intolerable beyond all things.

More-than (Over) forty men.

Through their folly datpl (Ionic) they have griefs even
beyond fate (allotment). ( T/iat is, beyond what fate assigns
to men.)
 71

Radical meaning, Under.

GENITIVE.
He dwells under the earth (land).

Bucephalus
art
died a J (ended) under his wounds.
To die 02 (die-off) by (t. e. under the hands of) the
enemy P'.
To be banished J
by the judges.
Were you not yourself (self) made-to-bend a !

by op-
pressive Cupid ? (Express the negative interrogation by
tip OVK.)
To be held in (tv) esteem by any-one.
To report (tell) any thing by messengers.
To forbid * you by-means-of heralds your ar/ paternal
hearth.

Through (property, under the influence of) inexperience

the young-men (youth) meddled- with imnf '*g the war**".

It was done ""^
through rashness.
He made' mR/> ""a the pursuit in haste.
He
wore-away-there
'
not a little time on-account-of the
winds and on-account-of his inabiiity-to-sail.
It was not possible to retreat (retreat-from) for the ca-
valry.
2 m
Intending to tell
you that, I forgot" it
in-consequence-
of-thinking-of (under) some thing else.

To dance to (i. e. under the influence of the sound of) the

harp?'.
To revel to-the-sound-of (under) the flute.
The tower arose" *
under the lyre of-Amphion (Amphio-
nian).
72 SECOND PART.
im*f
They dug under-the-stroke-of (under) whips.
2
My nuptials did not bring-forth you (your pate), my
child, under-the-light-of (under) lamps nor (neither) under
the sound of dances.
Will you not-then permit me under an
l
to sacrifice

auspicious sound?
Go (Arrive"*) to Athens ", under fair auspices.

I was nourished" l
under fair expectations.

To lead-out any-one with pomp.

It was allowed 2 them"*' by Gallus"'"'
to send-off" (send- 1

away) of (by) themselves an embassy to (irapd) the Ro-

mans acc.
Whom?' Jupiter sent (cast" ) to-the-light from-under the
!

earth (land).
" '
this child from-under
Having dragged (young-one)
your protection (wings), I will kill him.

DATIVE.
A stool was under his feet.

They founded
l
a city at-the-foot-of (under) Ida"".
Close-to the city.
He beheld *
his companions subdued
2
under the hands
of Patroclus.
He died" 2
by the hand of his brother.

It is not destined (destiny) that the city of the Trojans

should be overthrown tf inf by your neu/ spear ($6pv poet.). :

As all Me land is heavily-pressed (heavily-laden tf mid ) by

a hurricane on an autumnal day*1 when Jupiter pours a ',

most vehement shower. . . .

In the first neutdat year after C/xera) the capture"" made

" 2 m the Gauls.
(become ) by

Being instructed vf under a good instructor.

 'YTTO. 73

Being educated Bunder the very wise Chiron. (Express

" "
very by the superlative. )
Me was disappointed" 2 in his schemes by his-own ar' (do-
ar '
mestic) errors and not by your manoeuvres.
a 2
They died by the heat.
Lucan ar was prohibited" ' 1
through envy from- writing-
verses (to write-verses), because (since-indeed) he was very-
much praised""^ for his (the} poetry.

He taunted l
him for his low and ambiguous pleasures.
He said" these things under the-direction (direction the)
of Callicrates (i.
e. suborned
by him).
Being under-the-influence-of (under) those-in-power he
a '
spoke deceitful (double) things, speciously involving in
deceit bad words.
He could not bear""^ after (^tra) such (so-great) victo-
ries"" to be in-the-power-of (under) young men.
ar '
The instruments which-belong-to (the under) music and
which-belong-to the other arts
To dance to the lute.
^Eneas, whom (the) the divine Venus begat" a
from '
An-
chises. . . .

ACCUSATIVE.
Dwellings under ground.
Fearlessly reproaching those (the) under his authority
(hands).
To reduce (make mtd ) under himself.
To look-at (mark) any thing by the rays of the sun.

They came to (L e. under the

foot of) Ilium.
To lead any-one to the judgment-seat.

1
Properly, under.
Gr. Ex. E
74 SECOND PART.

About 1
the same time**.

Having led-out (led : a. 2. Attic) all-the-infantry at-tlie-

approach-of (under) night.

In 2
some neut degree impious ace .

In-consequence-of (Through) the perpetual wounds

acc imtf under
(blows ) they received they retreated (gave-way
foot).

Besides the Prepositions above explained, there are others

which are usually called Adverbial Prepositions, as being
used as well for Adverbs as for Prepositions. Nearly all of
these are found with the Genitive case. Thus: ayx'j near ;
e.
a\tc, enough ; a^tg (i. OTTO), apart from ; arev, avevde,
without; avra., before; airavevde (i. e. avEvOev UTTO), apart

from ; airovoatyiv (i. e.

vofffyiv awo), apart from ; arep, drepde,
without ; a^pt, d\ptQ, as far as ; &KTJV (i. e. Kara), in the
likeness of ; %i\a (i. e. airo), separately from, or without ;
(.yyvQ, near ; Icac (i. e. airo), far from ; eicart, on account
of; eKTro^tov (i. e. ? 6SowTTO$>V), out of the way of ; eicrog,

tKToadev, beyond or out of; epirpoaOfv, before ;

, tlvf.Ka, tvtKtv, for the sake of, with regard to;

evravda, there; tvroq, ivroaBt, within; CVWTTIOV (i. e. iv

WTTI),
in the sight of; tfa, without ; tTriirpoadE, before ; iaw,
t <TW, within, or in ; tva, where ; KCLTW, below ; :pv0a and

\adpa, without the knowledge of; fieir^a, until; pera'^v,

during, in the midst of; pXP l>

P*XP l
(* e ' ^P^f)' as far
as ; votrQi, vocrfyiv (i. e. OTTO), separately from ; OTTIITW, oTTiarBs,

behind; OTTTJ, oirot, OTTOU, w/iere ; ov, where; TrtXag, near;

'
That is, close to. As in the preceding sentence :
They came to

Ilium.
2 the Latin Sub in Subalbus, Subtristis, &c.
Compare
 Apa, fyc. "J5

irlpa, Tripav, contrarily to ; 7r\>/^, except ; irrj, TTO!, TTOU,

where ; 7rp6ati>, ir^pmo, iruppw, forward towards, far from ;

rpoffOe, before ; O"%E()OV, near ; rrjfXf, rijXov, rri\6d(t' (i.

e.

OTTO), far from ; \apiv (i. e. Kara or Trpog ^aptv), for the

sake of; x w f"? 0- e a7ro)> apart from, without. But

"

l""Apa, together with, is put with the dative, which is go-

verned by avv :

""^
Forty ships followed together-with him.
2iv is sometimes expressed :

Together with them.

Suv also occasions a dative after 7r\rjerior, which also takes
a genitive. Unless this governance answers to our idiom
"
" Near TO a city :

Near you.
2. " " about" seems to be construed like
Apple, around,"
:
antyi

GENITIVE.
Let each-man, having looked (beheld 02 ) well about his
en
chariot, attend-to (care-about : imperative) the war^ .

ACCUSATIVE.
They shed' m^(poured) many warm tears around you.
3.. 'Eyyi/e, near to, is put with a dative :
ar
Lydda*""" being near-to Joppa '.

4<. EKTTO^WV frequently followed by a dative ; but the

is

dative does not seem to depend on it. See the beginning of

the Rules on the Dative.

5. E^TrotJwv, " in the way of," for tv

(o$y) TTO^UV, is put
with a dative :
You come unexpected, and in-the-way-of (i.
e. an impe-
diment to) my marriage
pl .

E 2
76 SECOND PART.

6. Ma is put with an accusative, which depends on irpos :

By-no-means (Not), / swear by the mistress, whom I

revere most (adv.) of all, and whom I have chosen a 2 m as
my fellow-worker, Hecate", who-dwells (abiding) in the re-
cesses of my hearth, shall any-one of them pain my
art
heart
" "
with-impunity. (Make my and the article one word.}
put with an accusative
'
7. NJ) is :

Yes (And) by Jove.

8. nXj/v is occasionally put with other cases according
to the sentence :

There is not another besides me nom\

There is no other remedy (medicine) besides conversa-
"1
tion" (word).
da
any but you
'
It is not lawful (lawfulness) for to speak.
*
9. 'toe is put with an accusative :
He sends to Astyochus art, a naval-commander of the La-
cedaemonians.
To fly (as a bird) to Jove
art
up-to (into) heaven
art
.

The preposition is sometimes supplied :

Alexander led a 2
(led-upon) the archers as towards (upon)
the river acc .

" M& an affirmative." Dunbar.

ought always to follow a negative
1
; v^i

8 See Person's Canons, at the end of this work, No. 32

 SUBSTANTIVES.

THIRD PAHT.

EXAMPLES ON THE RULES OF SYNTAX. 1

A neuter plural is generally 2

joined with a verb singular?
Mountains trembled imtf.
Blasts (Blowings) of all the winds bound.
Farewell my determinations.

Substantives are sometimes put in the plural, when said

of a person or thing, although the person or thing is in the

singular.

Hippolytus, the pupil of the holy Pittheus.

1
Many of these Rules are unavoidably anticipated in former passages
of this work, but the necessary directions have been given in them.
2 " This idiom is more
observed by the Attics than by the older writers
in the Ionic and Doric dialects. The latter often join the neuter plural with
a plural verb. The Attics also sometimes join the verb in the plural with
the neuter plural; especially, 1. when the neuter plural signifies living

persons ;
2. when the abstract is
put for the concrete, and animate crea-
tures, not things, are to be understood. But there are also, besides these
cases, numerous exceptions to the rule in Attic." Matthiip.
3 " As a noun of multitude
singular may be followed by a verb plural, a
neuter plural often taken in a collective sense, and followed by a
is

verb singular. Thus, when Homer says Aovpa fftarjirf, he means the col-
lection nf planks and timbers, of which the ships were constructed."

Valpy, Gr. Gr.

F. 3
78 THIRD PART.

It behoves him to demand Helen to be offered as a victim

to his tomb.
O venerable, O generous consort, farewell.

A dual nominative is
frequently joined with a verb plural.
Both say.
Let us both return" ' "P* from the glowing fire.
dual
These ( The ) came" 2 near (from-near), driving^^quick
horses.

The verb is sometimes put in the dual with a

plural
nominative, when no more than two persons or things are
meant :
He-had (JJOTJJV oi) two sons (male-children" ).

As when two rivers join-together their rapid water.

A substantive is sometimes used as an adjective.

He taught"
'
the Greek (Greece*) tongue.
To offend against (towards) kingly (kings) men. 1

Bring ( Transport) me *" as-quickly-as-possible my military

(heavy-armed-man) dress.

We are come into the Scythian road. .

An adjective is often put in the neuter gender ;

, or some such word being understood.

Truth art isa right thing.
Peace art
confessed by *" to be
(ace.) which-is (the) all

the best thing.

The mob are dreadful, when (with av postfixed) thev

have *"*>' mischievous supporters.

i That is, men (being) kings.

 ADJECTIVES. 79
Potencies art and wealth art are (is) desirable & on-account-
of (through) the honor acc attending them ; those-who-have
neut wish
(the? having) ihem (are-inclined) to be honored
1
,

(respected) through them*; in-fact to him da/ , to whom

honor art is
insignificant, so are also the other things. (Make
"the other" one word.)
So " Triste
Virgil: lupus stabulis"

The genitive of personal pronouns is often used instead

of the possessive pronouns.
Honor (Respect) your father and your mother (the father
of you and the mother of you).
Our navy (The navy of us) was-at-its-height (bloomed'" ?)
1

both in the dryness* 1'

of the ships and in the healthiness of
the crews.
How will you say (converse) to your-brother (the brother
dat

of you): SufFer-me-to-cast-out the mote from your-eye

(the eye of you) : and behold ! the beam is in your-eye
you) ? Hypocrite, first cast-out" the beam from
2
(the eye of
your-eye (the eye of you), and then you shall see-clearly to
cast-out" 2 the mote from your-brother's-eye (the eye of the
brother of you).

The Latins " Fraudare TURPE est" The Greeks

say,
often put this adjective in the plural.

It is impossible even for a God dat to avoid (fly-from :

Ionic a. 2.) the destined lot.

It is grievous to me dat to judge the crimes (evils) of-others
"
foreign: as Lat. aliena").
2
It is decreed that she acc should die (die-off>a '"S).

The Latins say "in media arma" for ''into the midst of
E 4-
 THIRD PART.
" " the end
ihe arms." So Ovid uses " imce caudce for of
the tail" The idiom is the same in Greek.
Into the middle of the river. (Say, Into middle the river.)
The top of the tail. (Say, The highest tail acc .)

Adjectives, denoting the qualities of men, are often

changed into substantives.

Lead ( Ye shall lead) hither the-mighty-Priam (might of

Priam).
In the middle was a horrible-dragon (horror of a dragon).
""
The-strong-Alcinous (Strength of Alcinous) rushed
from his bed.
The- vigorous- Telemachus ( Vigor of Telemachus) smiled" '.

The sons (male-children) and grandsons of the-mighty-

Hercules (Herculean might).
Let-it-be, O friendly-man (friendship).
The much-famed Lais. (Lais the
/ *>OT
great
neut
fame.)
O-hated-woman (O hate), O woman in-the-greatest-de-
gree most-hateful both to the Gods
dai
and to me and to all
the race of men, who (whoever) hast dared a 2 (tolerated) to

thrust 02 sword into

your children^
your

Adjectives and demonstrative pronouns are often referred.

in respect of gender, to words which are implied in a pre-
ceding one from the sense or the composition.
Thebes ?', which is enclosed-with-a-hundred-gates, and
two-hundred (Ionic) men enter-into (Ionic) it
through (am) .

But after Troy and soul of Hector had-perished (is-

tJie

2
undone), and (paternal) hearth was demolished"
my father's
da
(dug-up), and himself had-fallen (falls) near the altar '

2
which-had-been-raised-to-the-Gods, being slain" by (from)
 ARTICLE. 81

i&e blood-stained son of Achilles, my father's (paternal)

guest kills me the sorrow-enduring man, for-the-sake of my

gold.
He arrives at the city""* of-Eurytus (the Eurytean
acc
) :

for him alone of mortals he affirmed"*^ (protested) to be

the author of this unhappy-event.

This takes place in the relative OQ, $, o :

The son-of-Saturn caused 01 (placed) her to be the nou-

risher-of-the-youths, who beheld" 2 m after her"" with their
dat
eyes the light of the widely-surveying Aurora.
O mother, I am going-away below; unespoused, and
without-having-solemnized-the-marriage-rites, which
*en & it
behoved""^ me to enjoy (to-light-upon a 3
).

(Put this sentence in the

Doric.) The ivied eminences of
the Nysian mountains and the verdant grape-bearing beach

accompany-in-procession""* you, who-superintend (super-

vising) the Theban streets (i. e. the streets of Thebes),
which (the) city you respect the most (supreme) of (from)
all cities.

Your" r (plural) house (i. e.t he house of you) at-least is

'

much"*"* bigger than mine (the mine en ), who?' have (use :

second pers. plur.) earth and heaven <*"' for your house**.
Thus also the article as a, pronoun :
All these neut (the) he parcelled-out imtf into-seven-parts :

one ar (single) part (i. e. polpav understood) indeed having

'

* m
prayed-over" he dedicated" to the nymphs (Ionic) and
l

to Mercury, the son (vis) of

; Maia
but the others he distri-
buted" l to each of his companions.
"
The Latins say " Fortuna mea ipsius for " mei" and
" Nostra res duorum" " nostrum." The Greeks use the
for
same construction :

(Put this sentence in the

Doric.) Ah-me (double "we"),
E 5
 82 THIRD PART.
"" 1

sitting-upon the white (hoary) shore* of the sea, he laughs

at me* 6 ", brandishing in his hand da< my bow, the support of
me (my) miserable*"", which (the) no-one at-any-time ever
carried " l
(sustained) before.
O
Troy, the quick Mars of Greece has ravished"
*
you
and Hector the husband of me (my) miserable*6 " ""*.

The article is generally used by Homer and the older

Poets for the demonstrative pronouns "this," "that."
This man went to (upon) the swift ships acc of the Greeks.

This girl I will not release.

This man these*"*' men mourn.
On account of this da'" eu' circumstance you sit
vilifying
dat
Agamemnon .

In this 4 "' neut case the city of Priam would (net) soon bend-

to-the-ground (a. 1. opt.^Eolic).

The article is sometimes so used by other writers.

All the people (Attic) of the Thebans justly invite (call
rin
)

you, and of (out-of) these I particularly do so.

But this at -least I know (have ascertained^ mid ) well. . .

Before this"""c (i. e. formerly ; %p6vov understood).

If he had done" l
this and that, he-would-not-have-died.

This most frequently takes place in a division, inhere b

titvand o Se, ot p.ev and ol Be, are opposed to each other :
" these those," " the one the other,"
fyc.
dat
He ordered im?S the shrill-voiced heralds to convoke the

Greeks; the-one*"* convoked""^, the-others were assembled

very-quickly.
 ARTICLE. 83

Of these things some have been spoken^, of the-others I

will make-mention /u' *

*""*.

A remarkable use of this idiom deserves mention :

We-must-love all men : but not this-orie, and that not.

There were-present, not this-one, and (C)E) that not, but all.

To fitv TO e, and TO.

fitv TO. Se, are used in the sense
"
:
of "partly partly
They use (Ionic) partly the Cretan, partly the Carian
laws**.
So 7-;; [iev and rr, 2e are used for "on the one hand on
"
the other hand :
O house (Stifia, etroe), on-the-one-hand I view you gladly,
on-the-other-hand I grieve-for you when-I-see you.
When a preposition governs the article, p.f.v
and e
often
come immediately after the preposition ;

In some of these things we are-agreed, in others not

'O p.tv is frequently omitted:
2
They both ran-by" , the one flying, the other pursuing

behind.
Are there not some false, others true pleasures ?
Instead of one or both of the articles, the name is some-
times expressed:
The Mityleneans and Athenians warred""^; the one de-
manding-back the territory ; the-others (Say, Athenians,
dat
with proving by argument
2e), that-the-Trojan-territory-
dat
belonged not (not-in-any-way) more to the. JEo\ia,ns than

(add oi/) both to themselves and to the others of-the-Greeks-

Avho (as-many -as nom of the Greeks) had revenged-with ' mid

Menelaus (Attic dative) the rape*"' of Helen.

The name is sometimes put with one of the articles :
It happened
1 ^ that the one acc general was "^ most odious
"1

(hostile) to them rf<

", namely Demosthenes, on-account-of
E 6
84 THIRD PART.

(through) the"" things which took place in the island, and

that the other acc
was most grateful (serviceable) to them on-
account-of (through) the very same""* things.
For the article, Demosthenes and more especially modern
writers use also the relative o, f), o:

Razing some cities, but bringing-back the exiles to

others"". .

C O t*.v 0$ i 0V fr* ,
-h

Mev and are perpetually opposed in other cases also.

Se

Consult indeed slowly, but finish rapidly the things tvhich

have been determined-on.
Praise is the beginning of friendship (amity), but reproof
of hatred.
We try gold
ar '
in fire ar/, and distinguish friends art in mis-
art
fortunes (bad-fortunes).
Pleasure (Delight) attended indeed with honorable-con-
duct ar/ is a most-excellent (best) thing, but without this is
vile (bad).

The article is often put in Ionic and Doric writers for

the relative oc> /> o.

Your father who nourished""^ you

The things which we have pillaged-from *
the cities * m ,

these (the) things have been divided^.

Of Attic writers, only the Tragedians use it in this sense,

and these only in the neuter and oblique cases :

What are you fleeing, my child? I am fleeing Achilles art,

whom I am ashamed to see a 2 (behold).
The sacred images of the Gods (Deities), of which I the
all- wretched man have deprived" !
myself. ....
 ARTICLE. 85

The article is used emphatically in many cases where the

definite article is not used in English.

art
Thy son. (Here a particular son is meant.)
Mardonius retired" 2 (retired-front) from these territo-

ries art .

I come to te\l part fut you these things which are particularly

in-your-way. Of-what-kind ar' are they?

Something-wonderful-has-happened-to-him (He suffers a
art l
wonderful"*" )
1
; what is it ?
The fine was p/ two-thousand minae ;
two minae for (accord-
ar * ar '
ing-to) each heavy-armed-man (ace.).
I am the son of some-particular-person art ,
and some-par-
dat
ticular-person'""' is my (me ) mother.
You have reproached" 1
(reproached-utterly) me rfa '
with a

(the) reproach
acc
which is honorable acc to me. (Properly,
Honorable is THE reproach
with which you reproach me.)
He spoke
& {composed)
not an (the) ignoble speech.

Calling (Calling-out) him a (the) benefactor, a-good-man

(the man the good).

Calling (Calling-out) him a (the) traitor.

There died" 2 (died-off) in-all (the all"1 ?1) ninety-one (one
and ninety*).
Darius acc having-reigned" *
six and thirty years
acc
in-all

(the all)
.You shall call him off from such lengthy (the many)
en
speeches f .
( To call off, is a7ra\/\u<7<rw, w.)
What (What-kind-of) misfortunes do I, wretched art
man,
come to-announced parl !

1
Tiri; maybe constructed however, What is the (thing)? So in Plato :

Oldi? fKf\eva-fv avawvOfffdai trov. Ta ri ; Here To ri ; seems to mean,

What are the (things you speak of)?
86 THIRD PART.
a" dat
Thee, wrapped-up in your short-cloak ?', I interro-

gate.

The article is frequently placed before names of men and

places.

Themistocles ar/ (i. e. the man Themistocles) advised f

imj>

(ordered) the Athenians to dispatch him (himself) as-

quickly-as-possible to Lacedaemon art (ace.).

He indeed (^tv), having spoken" 2 (remarked) to-this-
""^ Alcidas or '.
purport, did not persuade
jEsus art came" 2
into Cana art of Galilee 01"' (i.
e. into the

village Cana of the country Galilee).

Paches ar having gone" 2 m (come-from) to Mitylene ar'(acc.),
',

reduced" mid Pyrrha ar' and Eresus.

*

At (In) Tanagra of Boeotia ar '.

enmasc time art

Up- to ihis many""" parts of Greece live"'"*

(pasture) in the ancient manner <".

rf

used in reference to something which

TJie article is often

had a
been mentioned in
former part of the icork.
But in-the-mean-while Strombichides arrives (comes-from)
dat
at (to) Samos with the eight ships already mentioned.
The used as referring, not to something
article is often

which the writer had previously mentioned, but to some-

thing which he presumes to be familiar to his readers, as a

well-known historical fact :

2
Whereby the Trojans were-enabled-to-hold-out (resisted* )
aec
the-more (even more) during the whole ten years of the

Trojan war.

The article is often used with the substantive understood.

The Attic-'"'"
71

territory (yij understood).

 ARTICLE. 87

My fem (The my) opinion (yv*fn\ understood) prevails.

The morrow. (Say, avptov, liptpa being understood.)
i]

The equestrian art (riyvT] understood).

The acc fem way (i. e. iilov understood) to (beside) the
wall*"*.
acc fem
By the quickest (speediest) way.
By the straight ae<r/< way. (That is, Eight on.)
1 " of the other Greeks, whether (both-whether)
The-'*'

we-ought to call" 2 (remark) it malice or (and-whether)

want-of-knowledge or (and-whether) even both these things.

The service we pay to God is moderate but the service :

we pay to men ar is immoderate. '

2
Having abandoned" the'""" sailing to Chios'""' (acc.), he

sailed ""^ to Caunus

ar '
(acc.).

By (No-by) the God acc By the. Goddess. (Here the names

of the Deities addressed are omitted through reverence.)

we acc (Ionic) should divide-into-parties' n/

It-is-right that
neu/ gen
respecting the question which (Ionic) of us (Ionic)
acc
shall do (work) the country (ones-country) more-good.
Whether another city besides this the
there is
(is-in) in
same opinion (thought) in the ruling dat and the ruled con-
s en
cerning the"*"' question who-ought to rule.
You" 07", O Athenian men But when-I-say the"""
word You ', I mean the city.

The neuter article with a neuter adjective is

often used

Sophocles has a remarkable construction, Antig. 567

1
Ti 70^ ^vr\ /J.OL :

" In
TH2A' drfp f}i(acrt/j.ov ; AAA' "HAE fjifVTOt fn^j \ey'. nouns," savs
" the Tb oVwa,
Matthia;, article is generally in the gender of the noun : <5

ATSws. Tb 6vop.a, rr^v apfrriv, in Plato."

 THJRD PART.

for a substantive : some substantive being understood, as

Great-old-age. ( The over-old.)

Eagerness. Prosperity. Confidence.
Unfeelingness. The difference?'.

Right. (Rightful*.) You?'.

The quality. ( Of-what-kind.)
The quantity. (How-much?)
The commonwealth. (Common.)
The subjectsrcollectively. (Subject.)
The enemy. (Contrary.) TL.3 barbarians. (Barbaric.)
The Dorians. The citizens. (Civic.)
A participle is sometimes in the place of the adjective.
Procrastination. (The procrastinating.)
The-estimation-in-which-the-city-is-held. (The being es-
teemed of the city.)
In the- variation (the varying) of opinion art, there are (are

appointed) also varieties

art
of action (deeds ari ).

Future-repentance. His-will.

They will be very-unskilled through (in) wan t-of- practice.

TJie neuter article is often put absolutely with the genitive

of a substantive.
GOD art directs the affairs of men ar '.

Hpa.yp.ara. is
supplied in sentence
the following : The
of the Thebans are-in-a-bad-state (has ill).
affairs

We-must bear the visitations of the Gods.

The resources of friends are nothing, in-case any-one is-

67
unfortunate -
.

The honors of the dead * (deceased).

 ARTICLE. 89
To be on the side (Say, To reflect the"""*) of the Athe-
nians.

I seem to-myself (me*"') to have suffered^ mid the fate of-

the-horse-of-Ibycus (of the Ibycean horse). ( That is, I

seem to be in the same situation as the horse of Ibycus.)

Both you and Simmias seem*" * 1

to me to fear (to be-
art
alarmed) the fear of children (i.
e. to have the same fear
which boys have), lest
Wrath. ( The** of wrath"".)
art
Wrath. (The"" of wrath .)
1
Skill. (The? of skill"".)
Fortune (The?1 of fortune?1**) has sharp changes ''.

Such is the nature of the pagan Gods that (so-that) they-

are-bribed inf by gifts *'".
The saying of Homer art, I am born (/ sprang-up r*)
neither from oak nor from rock, but from men.
acc
According-to the remark of Solon ar/.
Parmenides appears to me, as- Homer-says (the of Homer),
to be at-the-sarne-time both venerable and terrible.
(Karn
is here understood.)

You, as-the-Scythians-say (the of the Scythians), talk

about horsemen* 6".

In a construction similar to that of the two last sentences,

occur the following :

And, what is the nom

(add "at~least") worst, praying
dat
(rowing) the worst (most bad) things for ourselves
Your-anccstors (Of you?1 the ancestors), which is the
" most important thing, saved" *
the Greeks
(add at-feast")
from the barbarians.
.CO THIRD PART.

TJie article is sometimes omitted:

And, what is most important, they will be prevented /v" m *d

from doing so by the scarcity*" of resources'""'.

The article is used with a participle in this construction :
With-difficulty, as-it-is-said (the being said) according-to
cc
tie proverb" , would-such-a-man-ever-take a city.

The article is frequently used with a participle in other

constructions :

*
It was difficult in those times 07 to find"
"'
those-who-were-
inclined (the pl being inclined) to govern.
Flatterers. ( The flattering^)
Philosophers. ( The philosophizing. )
My-mistress. (The my having obtainedX)
Badar' counsel is most bad to-him-who-counselled (r<p with
aor. l.part. of fiovXevu) it.

There are those-who-say (the saying).

There will be no-one to-sho\v-the-way (6 with the future
participle).
That-there-were those-who-would-war (rove with the
4
future participle) against Philip "', seemed-like^" "* (Attic 1

prefix) some heavenly benefit dat.

Always shall the grievous-weight of the present evil

molest you; for there is
(has sprung-uptf) not any-one-
who-will-relieve (6 with fut. participle) you.
The Tegeetans were-the-first-who-came to the wall"",
and these were they-who-pillaged (ot with first aorist par-
ticiple) the tent of
Mardonius art .

Him-who-assists (The assisting) the commonwealth

acc
most neut P I

ar '
Imyself saw
2
(beheld) these iuines and those of them ;

were by-far the most surprising which (the) the Phoenicians

 ARTICLE. 91
2 a with par-
(detected), those-\vho-colonized
'
discovered" (ol
07
ticiple) this island
*.

Shouting-out Jove (i. e. the name of Jove), him-who-

(TOV with participle) mortals to-wisdom (to re-
J
guided"
.
flect).
I miserable have been utterly-destroyed^ by blind de-
struction en
(ruin) ; / who-am-named (6 with perfect
participle) as. the son of the best mother, / who-am-ad-
dressed" l
(sjjoken-to : o with participle passive) as the son

(production) of Jove.
You will find, O men, all ready to succour me"*"', the per-
son who-corrupts (r<p with participle), the person who-does-
acc
ill-to (rw with participle) their (the of them) domestics ,

as Melitus and Anytus assert !

em
You, the-haier (the^ hating) ! you hate forsooth in
word ', but in deed
rfa rfa<
are-allied-with the murderers *' of

your (tfie) father !

Is Medea, she-who-has-worked & P* 3

(^ with participle)
these (the) dreadful evils, in this house p/ ? (Express the inter-

rogation by apa.)
The article is sometimes omitted:
It is all the work of the inventor (having invented"
2
).

He who has learnt *?<"' differs

(bears-apart) vastly from
?<*; and the man who is
2
him who has not (pj) learnt"
disciplined differs vastly from the man not disciplined.
The article with the participle is used in the neuter

gender and in the singular number in a collective sense :

The numbers coming-in *"

becoming continually greater
(more : Ionic).
If you shall overturn (Ionic) these men and those-who-

hold-out at (in) Sparta, there is no other tribe of men which

(the), O king, will stand-against (Ionic) you

acc
.
 THIRD PART.
No-one opposed ""&, seeing (marking) the-conspirators
(the""" having conspired**) numerous.
For TO, TI is sometimes used :
There was also at (in) Syracuse a party (some
nfut
) who
were inclined to give-up *
the-government (the affairs) to

the Athenians.

The article with a substantive expressed or understood is

often joined to adverbs, to which it gives the signification

of adjectives.
Ye see (mark) me an unfortunate God chained through
acc
my (the) too-great (too-much) love of mortals.
It behoves us to contemplate these things only, and to

keep in our mind the remembrance of none

""*
(not-one) of
the former (formerly) evils.
The girl who-was-but-just-now (the but-jusl-now) a queen
has-perished (is undone
& mid) by yourar/ poisons **".
O children, the young offspring (brood) of the old (of-old)
Cadmus.
The upper (up-above) council.
The upper (up-above) city.
The-men-of-that-time. ( The then men.)
The-men-of-that-time. ( The then.)

The-men-of-this-day. ( The now.)

The-wise-men-of-old. (TJie of-old wise men.)
The nearest (eyyvrarw) of kin.

TJie article with ail is ofteti used before participles, in a

sense of succession or ''from time to time."
The archon (ruling) for-the-time-being (always).
 ARTICLE. 93
acc
The Pylagorae who-should-at-any-time-be-deputed-to-
that-ofBce.

\Vhoever-happen-to-be-in-office.
Do not (pi) cringe-to him-who-happens-to-be-at-any-
acc 1
time-the-ruler .

The article is frequently used before prepositions.

masc acc
Our-contemporaries. (The according-to us .)
acc
The" 6 "' events relating- to (according-to} Pausanias thus
a
ended '.

The neut circumstances relating to the war (acc.).

acc
The-Marathonian-Miltiades. (Miltiades the in Mara-
thon.)
The neut occurrences at (about) Lampsacus acc
.

The-constitution-of (The"""?1 about) the Thebansaec .

The "-""* circumstances connected-with (about) the crime
acc
(guilt ). ( This is a mere circumlocution for / apapria.)
Pursue (Hunt-after) those (the) pleasures which-are-
attended (the) with (in-company-with) reputation en
"

His (The) enemies, having-brought " 2

(led: with Attic
acc
prefix) Miltiades
(under) the judgment-seat
to , prose-
cuted him for the government m which-he-exercised (the)
'

in the Chersonesus.
a
The Syracusans raised (made-to-stand) a trophy on
l

account of the naval-battle**", and of the previous (up-above)

interception of the heavy-armed-men which-took-place (the)

at (irpog) the wall dat .

" In Xen.
Cyrop. 6. 3. 6, 6 $1 cucoiffas ravra ftcdvovs n
fitvomas cnl ravrats -rats ffKoirais, o, TI av AEI Kaivbv dpuffiv, fayyf\\fiv,
ad is used in the sense of limited perpetuity, indicating something to be
done, so long as things remained in the stole referred to." E. H. Barker.
94- THIRD PART.

Sometimes a participle is supplied :

The waggon-road acc (or public way) leading (bringing) to

the Piraeeus acc (contracted form).

A way leading to true
art
instruction acc
.

The part turned ^ towards Libya

acc

Ot a/i^i or TTtpi is used with a person in the accusative to

mark the person with his companions, followers, 4rc.

Pisistratus-and-his-troops.
Thrasybulus-with-his-soldiers.
Cecrops-and-his-assessors-in-judgment.
Sometimes it is supposed to be used to mark Hie person

:
only
Of Pittacus and Bias and the-Milesian-Thales (of t/u

around the Milesian Thales).

Hippylus was present, Lycon, Lysistratus, Phrynichus

(the about Phrynichus).
And to mark not the person, but his companions) c. :

The-companions-of-Archidamus.
Plato adds iralpoi :

The companions of (round) Zeno.

TJie article frequently stands in the accusative neuter with

adverbs. TJiis accusative is governed by Kara, cc> fyc.

(Prefix TO.) Formerly. Of-old. Further-on. Entirely.

(Prefix ra.) Now. For-the-most-part.
A preposition is sometimes prefixed:

For-the-most-part. (Prefix EC ra.)

Sometimes tlvat is added with the article in the sin-

:
gular
Now. To-day. ( That is, Kara ro ffi'i/Jiepov eivai.)
 ARTICLE. 95
Sometimes the article is put in the genitive with a prepo-
sition prefixed:

On (From) the instant (instantaneously).

The article frequently stands in the accusative neuter be-

fore prepositions, accompanied by their case, in the sense of

adverbs.
After (From) this neut . Before this.

Upon this'* (Or, Hereupon.)

'.

acc
By (cara) himself' (That is, .
Privately.)
upon) me
neuf aec
As-far-as-lies-in
(The .

to) me
neut acc
As-far-as-concerns ( The .

As-far-as-concerns ( The neut according-to) that art or'.

As-far-at-least-as-it-regards me"* .
Minos art employed im& (used) Rhadamanthys ar (dative) as '

a keeper-of-the-laws as-regarded the to\vn acc and as-re- ,

neu 'P l
garded (tke according-to) the-rest-of-Crete (the other
art
Crete) he employed Talus (dative).
ETvat is sometimes added at the end :

neut
As-far-as-regards ( The
00
according-to) him" .
As-far-as-lay-in TJie "** upon) them
acc
rara TO
( (That .
is,

ilvai CTT'
CLVTOVQ.)

TJie article is also put adverbially in the neuter with

adjectives.
At-first.
( The first. That is, EC, Kara, Sfc.
At-first. The first" in the plural.)
(

For-the-most-part. ( The much.)

For-the-most-part. (As the much.)

For-the-future. ( The rest.)
Moreover. ( The rests.)
 96 THIRD PART.
With feminines in the dual, the article is
often put in the
masculine.
The hands. The two women.
The two cities. Of the two ladles.

Sometimes, especially in Ionic writers, the genitive article

is severed from its noun, and precedes the word which
governs it:

Some acc of the spear-bearers.

Some-one of the soldiers (Ionic).

And a (some) part, being pressed J

, lighted
a 2
(fell-into)
on (into) the farm of a certain (particular) private- citizen ;

and there was not a way-out.

Several articles are sometimes found together, with no

word between them :
The art aec
of-him-who-is (the#en ) in-truth rhetorical and

persuasive.
The eyes of the soul of-most-men (of the many). . .

The business of the art of-him-\vho-cards-wool (of the

carding-wool)

The article is sometimes doubled.

art
Virtue does not issue from riches, but from virtue
issue riches and all the other good ar' things which accrue to
men dat .

The same thing. (Join the second article on to the ad-

jective.)
The other (ET epoc) thing. (Join as above.)
1
They hate your-unanimity. ( The unanimity the your? .)
their-long-walls (the walls the of them-
1
They finished
selves the long).
 RELATIVE. 97
The other things vvhich-happen (the falling -out-tog ether)
e very-day. (Say, according-to each day".)
The- Athenian-people. (The people the of Athenians.)
Other instances occurred a little above. Sometimes tlie

first article is omitted :

From the-sea (sea the) of the lonians.

The article changes the sense of some adjectives :

Many The many (i. e., The

:
greater number).
Himself: The same.
Others The others (i. e. the
:
rest).
Another Greece : The-rest-of-Greece (
The other Greece).
More (contracted form) men : The majority (more) [rneri}.
Few men : The few (f. e. the oligarchs, or advocates of
oligarchy).

The relative is often attracted into the case of its antecedent.

In the festivals which we celebrated""^.
Alas (Ah-me) the gammon *m which I have devoured''" *'! 1

You exclude us from the laws* which the city has

made '

(placed).
The relative in this construction sometimes precedes the
substantive :

Withthe power (ability) which you have.

The Athenians raised" (made-to-stand)

'
a trophy on
account of the rout*" which the Tyrrhenians made" m of
1 '

the infantry ? f l

The following construction is in some measure founded on

the principle
of Attraction :

Gr. Ex. t
 98 THIRD PART.
About (According -to) this time acc (art.) that (Say ov i. e.

about which time) the ships were sailing. . .

Ev rote is used in an elliptical manner :

I should feel a l
with av) this more-severely-than-
(bearP'
all-others (in the dat most-heavily). That is, ev TOI

The Athenians were present before- all-others (in the dat

110 "
first
1

). That is, EV ro'ig Trapovai.

The Article with ex, fyc. blends two modes of construction :

You will
not resuscitate your (the) father from the common

(all-common) lake of Orcus. (Here EK is placed after TQV,

instead of two constructions, TOV ev'J^cov avaniatiQ e"$.($ov.)
In-order-that they might prevent (exclude sut>J ) those (the)
who were there (from-that-place) from assisting-against

(infin.) them.

The relative often agrees in construction with the follow-

ing noun :

The promontory acc fem called P I (Ionic)

(Ionic) which?' is

The Keys (Ionic) of Cyprus"*.

A Persian sword which masc they call 'acinaces'.

When a verb indicates the employment of a definite per-

son, the person is not expressed particularly.

art
This (That is, this kind of) sacrifice of swine is made
to the Moon : when (if-consequently) the sacrificer sacri-
 NOMINATIVE WANTING. 99
*ubj
fices"
'
) he encloses" l
the-top-of-the-tail (the highest tail)
and the spleen in the fat rfa/ which-is (the becoming) about
acc
the vitals
The catchings of crocodiles are many and of-various-kinds.
a l "^
When (If-consequently) the catcher has put-for-a-bait
acc
tfie back of a hog about a hook , he casts (periet ) it into l

the-middle-of-the-river (middle the river). . . .

The herald (i. e. b <o;pu) ordered 3 1

(heralded) the
Greeks dat to get-ready a l m .

The clerk shall read futmid the law to

The indefinite TIC is sometimes omitted.

It is the most honorable of labors to assist a man out-of-
what one has ?'.

If now all the best of us were gathered-together ** pr be-

side the ships'*"' for (to) an ambush, not-even there would
any one blame (opt. with KC) your (Doric) courage.

TJie second person is often used in an indefinite sense.

a primitive saying (word) of men, that YQ
It is

learn-exactly the life (duration) of mortals, before a-person

(any-one) dies (a. 2. opt. with av).
6-7
Even-if YOU are not (//}) ill*" , but only think (opine)

yourself to be-ill, there accrues (becomes) to mortals*" labor

and perplexity.

By syncope for jiterje'ei from /ue-ne'w, says Schweighseuser. It is rather

from (jLtriu. Schaafer reads /j.ene't. Hence is the Latin Mitto. I take this

opportunity of stating that the Latin Pono, which Clarke on Homer says
is
put for Po-sino, seems contracted from Post-sino, to lay aside.
Compare
Pomoerium and Pomeridies.
r 2
100 THIRD PART.

The nominative is often wanting in one part of a sentence

being construed with the verb in the preceding part. .'

Menelaus came h\m dat spontaneously (spontaneous)

to ;

for he knew (had ascertained : Ionic) that his brother (knew

brother that he; omitting " he ") was much-pressed imtf in the
battle.

Whosoever of you knows (knows-well^ mid ) by (from)

what man Laius (knows Laius by what man) has perished
2 m I order him to point-out all the
(perished-utterly" ), things
relating to it to me dat
.

I beg of Apollo (Sun

acc
) this neut, to tell me where the
son of Alcmene (to publish" l
me dat the of Alcmene where
son) abides.
Tell" 1
ye me where the master is.
(Tell me dat the lord

where he is.)

They say that we ( They say us

acc
that) women live a life

free-from-danger at-home.
There came immediately the information that the cities

(the information of the cities that) were revolting (stand-off").

Many verbs used impersonally in English, followed by a

proposition dependent on them, in Greek usually take the

chief word of the following proposition as a subject.

It is even-at-this-time clear that the building of the houses

was-done (became"* m ) with (according -to) speed acc .
(The
building is clear that it ivas done.)
dat would be com-
It was manifest to all that the Thqjjfcns
acc
pelled to fly (fly-down) to (upon) us .
( TJie Thebans ivere
fut l

manifest going-to-be-compelled **""'.)

It will be proved-^ **"' (demonstrated) what-kind-of men

*
So Plautus : Servum meum miror ubi 'sit. Cicero : Hac me ut confidam

faciunt.
 AGREEMENT OF PERSONS. 101

these are. ( These will be proved what-kind-of men they

are.)
When (-4*) it became notorious that he had committed
crime. he became" * m notorious
this'"'"' {When having-com-

It is just in-my-judgment, that this man should bear *"* 1

this name art

(viz. that of a happy man). (This man in-my-
judgment is just to bear this name.)
You will see (discover) them becoming^" "* women instead-
1

of-men, so that you will have no fear at all lest they should
111
revolt. (So-that they ivill be not-in-any-way terrible- to you*
lest tJicy-should-revolt.)

From what young men can it not be expected that they

should be temperate ? ( Wliich of the young are not pro-
bable to become" 2 m temperate ?)
The last sentence is more after the English idiom. So
the next :

We are worthy to derive" '

some good from the thing***
which-has-been-done.

The verb, which should be referred to a subject, is changed

into a passive impersonal, and the subject put in the dative.

The enemy (enemies) have prospered^ sufficiently.

Sometimes the subject is omitted :
Themistocles ar' persuaded" them to build the rest"* "'
1
!
t*

of the Piraeeus (contracted form) : they had begun (it had

been begun; omitting "by them") it*'" before during his
cn
(the of him) archonship* .

When several persons are put together, the verb agrees

with the first rather than with the second or third ; and
with the second rather than with the third, as in Latin.
F 3
102 THIRD PART.

You and I (Say, I and you} have both said a 2

(remarked)
and done" 1 dat
many things for-the-sake-of-pleasing the city .

He-who-speaks (Tfie speaking; meaning "myself") and

you the judges have a human (manlike) nature.
You, happy
art
woman, and your ar' happy husband have
come (impf. dual) to (upon) us"" who-are-unfortunate.
I and whoever is a wiseman reckon thus. (Here the
verb is in the singular. Make " and whoever" one word.)
But there are exceptions to this rule :

Ithink (suspect) that I have inf to say 2 (remark) things

occ
against (Trpoe)which neither (not-and) you nor-any-one else
can (3rd pers. sing. opt. with av) return-an-answer a 8
.

"Hv is sometimes used (especially in the Doric dialect) for

ijcrav, for which it was probably an old Greek form.
She had three heads. (Of the fem ivere three heads.)

They were stout-helrted.

When several subjects are united by a conjunctive particle,

the verb is frequently placed with the Jirst, and put in the

singular.
Whom first, and whom last (latest) did Hector slay"
'

(slay-
M0UMfff
utterly ; ivithout -argument) and brazen Mars ?

To you Jove and Apollo gave" * victory.

There commanded im& the ships en Aristeus and Callicrates
and Timanor.
Timarchus 01 and Philemon arose imnfmid from tne drinking-
"'

bout*with-a-view-to-kill ^ Nicias.
There followed" *
vehicles and pages and the whole equip-
ment.
 THE VERB " TO BE." 103

J7te singular also is put, when the more remote subject is

in the singular, or is a netiter plural.

TJie knees and legs and feet of each beneath and their
hands and eyes were defiled ""^ with-sweat.
TJie back and broad shoulders dual of Euinelus were
warmed im tf with the breathing dat of the horses.

The verb eipl or an equivalent verb, when used to define

one thing by another, often agrees in number tvith that
which defines.
The space-between-the-armies was (were) not less? 1 than
a mile (eight stadia).
Thebes art P was anciently called'" ^ Egypt.
l 1

ar ' dual
Idomene consists-of (are ) two high hills dual.

What ( What-kind-of) a thing are (is) wise

art
companion-
ships I

TJius we say " The IS death."

:
wages of sin

The verb tifu is often understood ; especially with er

"
ready"
How (.4*) ready I am to give" *.

T/ie things, which you wish (are-inclined: in the Attic

form), are ready.

Dead (vanished) is the aged-man, my husband ; dead are
my children.
So with where os or Sane follows with a negation :
outvie,

There 2
nothing which (whichever) he did not promise" .
is

There is no-one who (o'<me) will not laugh -^ mid at you.

Sometimes owSetc oWte ov is considered as one word, in the
sense of " every-one," and ove put in the case
is
of o<mc :

F 4-
104i THIRD PART.

Apollodorus commiserated"
'

(bewailed-thoroughly) every-
one"" of-those-who-were-present (of i/ie?'
being present).

"
T7ie Latins say, " Est ei nomen Tullii or " Tullio." The
Greeks put the name in the nominative.
To these (the) two mouths dat (i. e. of the Nile) are (lies,
in Ionic form) these names, to-one (the dat indeed) of them
'
(Ionic) the Sa'itian, to-the-other (but the* ) the Mendesiaa
Mouth.
The expression is varied by ovo^a or tTruvv^iav iyti with
a nominative :
"What appellation have (has) Hippias and Periander re-

ceived ~? Methinks forsooth, Tyrants""" 1

In the following passages where the Latins usually put

the dative of the thing, the Greeks put it in the nomina-
tive.

I shall be henceforth a disgrace and reproach to you**"'.

The name of (the of) the Medes was a fear to the
G recks *"'.

These things shall be grievously a disgrace (scorn).

You-were a glory (boast) to me 4*" night " ^ and day in

(down-in) the city"" ((own).

Ye are come as the solace of my fatigues.

An adjective after eip.1, fyc.,

is often changed to an ad-
verb.
The 1'
opinions of the generals* of the Athenians were""'*
(became) divided (in-two).
 GENITIVE.

Her-blood (The blood of her} is sufficient (enough).

There is an oracle which announces that we acc shall be-
come" 2 in f mid : our (the)
superior-to (front-above Ionic)
enemies z en .

The nominative or rather the vocative is used in exclama-

tions.

O wretchedly-unhappy fem me!

O me who-have-toiled" * *"""'
through many evils !cee in
dal
word''"' and with my hands and back? '. 1

The nominative however is often used for the vocative in

addresses :

O Jupiter"
06
and O Sun"01* who lookest-upon all things.
YouTJiis) Apollodorus the Phalerian, will you not wait-
(

about here ?

When a speaker turns suddenly from a narration, fyc. } to

an address, or passes in an address from one person to

another, the vocative is put first, then the. pronoun followed

by ce.

. . .
.Menelaus, to you I say these things.
. . . .O Phoebus, to thee may these things bcP' agreeable.
You say altogether well. Socrates, to you
acc
now
(already) must-be (opt. with, or) my (the) speech directed.
(Here Se is placed
fifth ivord. Say "0 Socrates".)
Instead of au It, Homer has arup av :

Hector, you are a father to me, and a venerable mother.

often expresses an action done to or feeling

TJie Genitive

exerted towards the object intended by it.

F .5
106 THIRD PART.
Affronts offered-to-a-brother (of a brother).
Fear felt towards a captive woman.
Enmity towards the Corinthians.
Hatred to the Lacedaemonians.
By violence* ' done 1
to the citizens. (That is, in spite of
the citizens.)

Good-will towards the Athenians.

Friendship towards Demosthenes.
Regret for your son. Offerings to the shades.
Prayers to Minerva.
The march against the Plataeans.
In the landing on the coast.
These genitives are governed by prepositions, expressing
"towards" "in the face of" "on account of" "against"
fyc. We shall recur to most of them.

Sometimes one substantive governs two different genitives

in different relations.
The heading " of the lonians in the war against (towards")
Darius acc (Say, Of the lonians the leading of the war, fyc.)
.

On-account-of ( Through) their delay acc with respect to

the dreadful evils which were coming on (to) us. ( Scry, On-
account-of the delay of them of the dreadful, fyc.)
Some (There-are-some-who) deplore the insults (abuses)
art
which relations art offer to old-age .
(Say, the insults of

the relations of old-age.)

Genitives, governed perhaps by irepl(in regard to) under-

stood, follow we, oTctoe, 7rwe> ouTitic, %w, which are used in the
sense of being qualified or endowed in any manner.
 GENITIVE. 107
is here e%<*) (e/naurov), habeo (me). In some of these cases

e'^w may mean, I have (the power), I am able.

How is
(has) the place in regard to timber-for-ship-build-
f en ?
ing
The Athenians ran-forth-to-help im^ as-fast-as-they-could-
run (as of feet they had).
Here the verb t'^w is omitted :
Rush-ye, as-fat-as-you-
can-run (in-what-way of feet).
As quickly as each could. (Say, As each of quickness

had.) k

So angry am I. (Say, So of anger I have.)

do not know mid
I (have ascertained^ ) how-learned-or-

just-he-is (of erudition in-what-way he has and of jus-

tice).
To be of such a turn of mind. (Say, Thus of turn-of-
mind to have.)
For <ic, 4' Ci we fin d sometimes
> KO\WS, peTpius, v, fyc.

To be pretty drunk. (Say, Prettily to have of drunken-

ness.)
To have a sufficiency of the means of living. (Say, Mo-
derately to have of means-of-living.)
To be sound in mind. (Say, Well to have of tinder-
Fl
standing .)
To be advantageously-situated-^ in regard to the passage
to (on) Thrace* 6 ".
And other verbs are used besides t^w :

The city seemed""^ to them da '

to be favorably circum-
stanced in regard to the war**" with
(towards) the Athe-
nians acc .

Doing well in life. (Say, Of the life well being- come" om .)

Thus do you belong to these dat in respect of kindred.

F 6
108 THIRD PART.

By the same omission of TTf.pl (with respect to) may be

understood the following phrases.
To proceed (go-up) far in respect of virtue. 1

To increase (drive" forward) in desire-of-power ar

'
'.

To press (drive) forward in respect of wisdom.

To proceed far in respect of love art (Cupid). (That is,
To make great advance in love.)
To philosophize far-beyond one's (the) age.
To advance forward (to-the-fore-part) in regard of
making-money (TOV with infoi.).
Good-deeds ar among the Persians (Ionic) are honored
'

2 towards great-
(respected) by-an-advance (to-the-fore-part )
ness (Ionic).
am - m
To-such-a-pitch of dread I arrived" (come-from).
eu' acc
They came (came-tog ether"
2
)
to this" pass with respect
to distress (necessity).
Some have come (arrived: pf. mid. Attic) into such"'"-
(this) a state in respect of madness, that (so-that) ....
They were in this state in regard to preparation.

1
The author of the notes to Matthiae explains this phrase on other
"
grounds Tlpoow means forward, \. e. to the fore part ; and hence natu-
:

rally takes a genitive, like other adverbs of place. IIoD eori TTJS aperrjs

irpoau At what point of valor is he? At an advanced point." In the

:

phrase too which occurs in this rule, Ets TOVTO

avoias f\t]\vQacnv &crre &c.,

is TOVTO avoids may mean, to this (degree or advance, irp6ftt]fJM, irpoxw.

p7j.ua, &c.) of madness. And in the preceding rule on us, ovru, &c. e'x
with a genitive, &>s may have a reference to its original form ols, ovrw to
its
original form ovrif (i. e. rovrtf), &c. ;
and a substantive understood
and agreeing with it
(In these STATES of, In such a STATE of, &c.) may
be the real government of the genitive. But I have chosen to follow
Matthise here :
though among the prepositions I have explained it the
other way.
* " That is, rt/j.ui'Tai ficrre carrovs (TOW ayaOoefrfovs) fs rb irp6<r<a

6(os a.vr\Ktiv'' Matthias,

 GENITIVE. 109

Because-they-were in such a state as to danger"".

The Athenians proceeded" *
(progressed) to (upon) a
neiu acc
jreat pitch in respect of power (ability).
To this day. (Say, To this nevt ' cc of day.)
'

t, in regard or respect to, is omitted in numerous con-

structions of the genitive.
To be much mistaken ^ with respect to the effect of his

(the) words and of his (the of him) meaning.

To be disappointed in respect of ones hope.
To be cheated in regard to ones hope.
You have been disappointed" 2 respecting the marriage
71 '

art
of this unfortunate girl.
To be-in-haste (speed) with respect to the battle (Mars).
The morning forwards ^ts in respect of a journey (way),
and forwards us in respect also of work.
I was bruised" 2 as to my (the) head.

Bruised a *
as to their (the) sculls.
He was horribly fractured" 2
(Attic) as to his (the) head.
You are (tVXfo, for ETreXeo, eirlXov, from irlXopai) deceitful
in regard to your discourse?'.

Forgiving with respect to human"" (manlihe) failings.

Childless as to male children.
Unhonored with respect to the praises which were cele-
brated in the city.
Most unbribed in respect of money (riches).
Unsupplied with a shield P'.
Sheltered as to all tempests. Or this may be construed :

i Here pfpos may be understood.

110 THIRD PART.

without the winds of tempests : as in this sentence, Without-

the-brass of shields : i. e. without brazen shields.
We are not unyoked in respect of the marriage-bed.
A virgin of-age (ripe) with respect to marriage.
Untouched as to the spear.

Unwept as regards friends. (Or here the ellipse is vro,

by ; which may be supplied in some of the foregoing and
following examples.)
All the admonitions (suggestions) which-were-given-me-
dat
by-you (my) were suggested to yo\i by her, and you say
nothing of (from) yourself-^ ".
1

(Here the ellipse seems to be

VTTO, by ; or EK, from.)

Much-shaded with laurel.

You lie, Agamemnon, slain" 2

by your wife and by JEgis-
thus.
But rise (am), town should soon be burnt ****> by
lest the

consuming fire.
('YTTO may here be supplied ; and perhaps
in the next sentence also.)
To set-fire-to 01 '
the door-frames by means of consuming
fire.

Hearing (Listening -to) the decree acc (vote) respecting your

(the) bride.
The news art
(relation) concerning Chios .
Tell a to
(Remark) me
2
concerning my father.
art
I come to-tell /u/ f you about my-mother (the mother the

mine).
She passes (crosses) from her house?', either from hearing
dat
(hearkening'""") about her son or by chance .

/ a&0w the sail home

They considered-diligently"">' (Jiome-
ward).
The oracles which were delivered" '

concerning me (this
body).
 GENITIVE. Ill

.4$ towhat regards your ar turn-of-mind (disposition), <

one thing I fear^ OT "'.

With regard to the woman, if indeed (/xev), being taught
neut acc P en
her (the) husband
I
properly (the good ) by (man),
she does-ill "**, the woman then perhaps may justly have (opt.
with av) the blame.
As-to (Here wtpl is supplied) the number, do not (pf/) en-
2 subJ
quire" how-many are able to do these things.

With t/ie
ellipse of TTf.pl
with a genitive may be understood
also the following phrases :

Sacred serpents, in-no-way hurtful in regard to men.

Oh (tw) marriage
pl of Paris destructive in regard to his
friends.

If it is right for slaves (the bondmen dat ) to ask !

(search-
"
out) of the free things not (p)) painful nor irritating
(biting) as to the heart

Being suspicious as to the capture of-Troy (Trojan).

( That is, Suspecting that Troy would be taken.)
Co-operative in regard to the common good.
Offending
P' Goddess (God).
(Sinful) in regard to the
And whatsoever things are akin (brotherly) in respect to
these. ( Unless the adjective be supposed to hare a reference
to the government of the substantive.)

O dear /em, O dearest, O thou who art allied to all birds.

(A bird is
supposed to speak.)

Philebus asserts that pleasure*""' (accus.), and delight, and

whatsoever other things are like (consonant) to these (this

kind**'), are"^ a
good to all animals.

Teucer founded" 1 01 it of-

(established') Salamis, making
112 THIRD PART.

the-same-name with the country which-was (being) his

dal
(Jiim ) before.
Justice who-is (the) of-the-same-family with the Gods
below
Capable-of-teaching as far as regards his-own (the of him-
self} wisdom. (That is, Capable of teaching his wisdom to

others.)
It behoves a (the) commander to be expert-in-prepara-

tion in respect to the things appertaining to war ar ' (ace.),

dat
and expert-in-providing for the soldiers in respect to
arl
provisions (necessaries ).

O splendor of the sun successory with regard to (or to)

sleep.
This other agony (contest) of groans follows (arrives),

successory to groans.
Many of these adjectives may be viewed as substantives ;

as " harmers" "biters" c. So the fol-

"destroyers"
lowing :
Cast" (Throw-down) me from
!
this land as-rap idly-as-
" mid the addresser of no-one
possible where
1
I shall appear-''
of mortal men.
a2o/)
Proceeding-^"* (Tending) in-order-that I might come
-

(iKvlofiai) to be the addresser of prayers to Minerva (Say,

" "
of Minerva ; of which construction examples were given
before in p. 106.)

Words expressing understanding, experience, remembrance,

concern, consideration, reflection,
desire ; and ignorance,
forgetfulness, neglect, are followed by a genitive , governed
1

by Ttfpl (" in regard to '') expressed

or understood*

1
It must be noticed that the verbs in this and the following rules for
 GENITIVE. US
I wish to be ignorant rather than wise in regard to evils.

Not being skilled (trained) in the art-of-riding.

Well acquainted**" '

with every-kind-of-engagement (all

battle.)
Instructed (Informed) in war.

I, O women, am in-some-degree accustomed to the dis-

courses of this woman.

Versed in the arts. (Here and in the next sentence irfpt

is supplied.)
If they are-inexperienced (have unskilfully) in the other

things.
Remember" m ye your impetuous
1
(fast) prowess.
Thetis did not forget im ff (\j/0o/ucu) the injunctions of her
son.
Do not (pi) remind a ' "^ me of evils.

She makes me forget all things that (whatsoever) I have

" "
(" To make forget is ex\rida.i>w.)
2
suffered .

Why (Poet.) do you care so (thus) about t/iose men ?

Do not (pi)) make-mention" P"P< any-more about

'

my ari

father. (Here Trepi is supplied.)

The Cyclops mind not the aegis-holding Jove neither the

blessed Gods.
Unless one (any-one) should not (not-either) have-any-
care op' for parents, or (not-either) children, or (not-either)

any (not-one) thing else.

dat
Argos your (you ) country ; about which it is just
is
acc mid
t/tat
you should have (make ) as-much consideration as
(how-much-soever) you have about your-parents (the parents
the of yourself).

the genitive are often attended with the common and proper case, the ac-
cusative.
 114 THIRD PART.
"*
If you have neglected^ your (the) mother in any
thing.
Young men
dal
young r
l
care (Say, It-is-a-care* ) for exer-
cises and pipes and revellings.
What-have-I-to-do-with (What to me dat : "/nc'Xa" being
understood) strife ?
a l
The-city-has-regretted (Say, It has-been-a-regret to the
daf often before-now the which-have-been-
city ) judgments
2 mid
given (the having become ) with (in-company-with)
6"
anger*" and not (ju)) with proof.
art
Repentance on account of the expedition.
Let him be-attentive (imperative) to the sowing.
Why do I spare (i. e. am careful about) my life (soul) ?

O miserable person, spare" 1 mid

your children.

Reflecting (Having -in-mind) on which things, it behoves

cc
you not (p/) to overlook such a report" .
2 m
When (As) they heard (were informed) about Pylos
ar<

being taken (thoroughly-taken). . . .

When (As) they understood"

2
about their erecting-a-
wall"enp '. . .
.(Properly, about them erecting it.)
1
As-many-as understood (comprehended *) one-another.
art
Oligarchy may seem (a. I. opt. JEolic with a.v) to be a

(certain) fondness-for-command, violently longing (desiring-

earnestly) for dominion.
To long for great things beyond (contrary-to) what-is-
cc natt
just (the just ).

You would be particularly stimulated (a. 1. opt. with av)

to aim" f^at honorable" deeds, if you learnt" 2 "** (learnt-
' 1"'

thoroughly) that we have even the-most-genuine-pleasures-

1
Mt'Aet is used also as a personal verb : 'AAAouw a'AAoj
v (nf\et,
Eurip.
 GENITIVE.

resulting-from-them (the pleasures the from them particu-

larly genuine").
Why do you set-your-mind-on (place-mind-on) ambition
the worst^ m (most bad) of the Deities ?
The soul desires (regrets-the-loss-of) the heaven acc and
its kindred air, and thirsts, stretching-forwards towards the
mode-of'-living there (to-that-place).
One-without-ward, one-without-law, one-without-a-hearth
is he who is-fond-of civil war.
Mimnermus burnt imrf with love for Nanno.
The black-eye-browed girl acc for whom he fretted" '
P.

Let no-one (not-any), setting-his-mind-on the spoils,

linger (imperative) behind.

Hence perhaps evdv and "
iQvg, straight," take the geni-
tive :

Straight towards Pellene.

And hence perhaps ayx'> ax/9 '? f^XP 1 ' TpoffOe, a-^i^ov, fyc.
also take the genitive. Unless rather they depend on
" towards." See the end of the prepositions

Words which express fulness, emptiness, and defect, govern

a genitive, depending on Trtpt, in respect of.
The earth is full in respect of evils, and the sea is full of
them also. (Put ^.iv and It.)
We shall see (discover) the city become S P filled

(crammed) merchants and foreigners.

icitli

Ye are led- astray full of fond conceits.

A beaker of wine. (/. e., full of wine.)
A wood of leaves. full of leaves.)
(7. e.,

I-have (medat ) enough of bewailings.

Having enough of grief.

116 THIRD PART.

Wealthy in regard to the means-of-subsistence.

The Deity is rich fa evils towards me.
Those-who-are ( The) rich in-truth, not in gold but in what
it-becomes the really fortunate man to be-rich, in a good and
rational life.

Flesh?' void (The flesh the void) of sense is the ornament''

of the market.
Destitute of friends. Bereft of thee.

They stripped ( placed

a '
naked) me as to my double-
folded vest.
When (At-what-time-soever) the soul is
*"#
pure (clean) in
all the evils and lusts which-affect (about) the
1

respect to i

acc
body
Will you set (send-out) me free in regard to the charge of

murder (blood) ?
As-many-as were filled-up-to-the brirn""^ already with de-

pravity.
The city was-burdened'
7
"^ neither (not) with causes nor

(neither) with accusations nor (neither) with poverty nor

(neither) with war.
The streets teem with drinking-bouts.
A man glutted m with wine and meat
*
(victuals).
Give-orders-to (contracted) the Greeks""* to enjoy J m food

(corn) and wine on their swift ships'*"'.

After she was satiated (delighted a *
) with lamentation

causing-many-tears ....
A house wanting servants (assistants).

They-who-have (The having) nothing (not) and are-wHh-

out (being-without) a livelihood send-out their stings against
acc
(unto) those-who-have (the having ) property.
It requires a long time to tell a *
(remark) these tilings.

i
Demosthenes uses Ka.6apbs with r<5.
 GENITIVE. 117

It requires much time and is altogether-difficult.

art
If-you-stand-in-need-of my help (hand).
a a
The fire wanted l

(tWw) very-little of-destroying

l
'^the
Plataeans.

It wants little of used for " Nearly")

. . . .
( This is

So-much am-I-far-from (fail-of) a superfluity.

It needs a wise mind (understanding).

Cyaxares sent'"
^ to Cyrus" cc requesting (asking-far) him
1
,

02
to endeavor to come (arrive).
Persians, I have convoked a l

(collected) you, wishing (re-

questing) these things.

a l
Me grove of Jove of the
Hercules ridded lion.

You?'', stripped
" J
of such allies, shall remember?""' *01*-''"'
art
(or shall be reminded of ) mj words.

You-have-not-a-scarcity of wisdom (the wise

neutpl
).

Of what/"*" (how-good) a partner do you deprive me

1
!

You shall bereave (Attic) Paris of life by my art arrows rfa/

.

The Athenians were freed" (no augment) from tyrants. J

In old-age" r there is much freedom^ow such" r passions.

' '

1 clear you of this murder.

I will rescue this land from its malady.
The Gods cured (loosed a l
) him of his disease (ill-state-of-
,

health).

These last verbs are found also with awo or e/c after them :
Pausanias, having freed" Greece art from the Medes .... l

Thee loosed" 1
f art from these chains ....

The last few genitives may therefore be referred to these

prepositions. And so may those
in the passages which follow;

though they are considered by Mafthice as depending on wept.

118 THIRD PART.
Neither had he yet escaped (was*oet fled&) from hit

struggles.
Yourself (SelfSem ) and your (the) sister shall not escape 6'"*
"
(roll-away) from the worst (most bad) doom. ( Put and
"
the in one word.)

May God keep-off affliction from your children !

**

To be debarred from the customary neui rig /its.

The Athenians kept-aloof" 2 from the Hellenic war.
There the king and the Greeks were-apart (keld-apart a *)

from one-another about (as) thirty stadia acc .

These nevt places are-apart from each-other thirty stadia

acc .

Knowledge separated from justice.

The Nile that-which-severs (the severing) Asia ar from
. . .
'

art
Libya .

To separate the soul from the body.

Jove warded-off""^ fate? from 1
his child.

To ward-off 01 destruction (pest) from the ships

A covering from tJie snow (shower-of-snow).
A bulwark against evils.

Protection from the snow.

Serviceable (Auxiliary) against the cold.
The younger among-them (of them) when meeting-with
the elders daf retire from the path.

Get-away P from the path.

l

They rise-up (stand-up-above) from their (the) seats.

They retire from their place (territory).
In-vain should we thus be (opt. with av) possessed-of a
maritime army ace of Grecians, if though being Athenians we
should retire alfubJ (recoil) from the command (rule) to make
dai
way for the Syracusans (i. e. if we should resign the com-
mand to them).
To lead-astray any-one from the path.
 GENITIVE. 119
Muses made" Thamyris
Tlie
*
cease from his singing.
1

(" 1 make cease is TTCU/W, o-w.)

The Argives ceased from J
the murder.
endeavoured im&
Pericles art to disengage the Athenians
acc
from their (the)
anger towards (upon) him .
I have kept (sent-back: pf. poet.) my heart from sorrow

(woe).
They are kept-under/rom being-disobedient (TO tnreideiv).
The husband was lying in his chamber pl having ceased ,

(paused) from chantings and joy-producing sacrifices.

Me make-to-cease" from my evils. '

Comparatives are followed by a genitive, which is governed

by 7T|OJ, (in respect of; or, as it is also used, over, above,)

irpo, V7TEO, Stct, or avri.

From whose (of the) tongue flowed
im ^ a voice sweeter
than honey.
Horses whiter than snow.
dat
You-have (is you ) always a heart harder than stone
(Poetic).
Justice is more-powerful than riches.

Thee, a lioness, not a woman, having a nature wilder than

the Tyrrhenian Scylla
To whom* 1'

despotism
art
was a thing more welcome than
(before) freedom.
Whoever thinks a friend to be of-more-importance than
(instead of) his (the of himself) country, him I value-not.

Sometimes ), than, is placed redundantly with the genitive:

From her mouth flowed""^ a voice more sweet than a
" Graviora timet
honeycomb*"
1
.
(Virgil: QUAM morte
Sichcei")
 THIRD PART.

The genitive is put with all words which imply the idea

of a comparative.
Arion acc, a harper second to none of those (the) then
living (being).
Being interior (posterior) to no-one in substance dat and
in family.
The Grecian array is
many-times-greater than ours (the
our).
First (The first he took-away 02 (took from) one part
neut
),

(lot) out-of all""" the sum; and after this"" part he took-
""^ the double-""" of \t fem and the third
away (tooh-from) ;

again he took away, being the whole-and-half of the second,

but three-times-as-much-as the first ; and the fourth, twice-
as-much-as the second ;
and the fifth, three-times-as-much-

as (treble) the third ; and the sixth, eight- times-as-much-as

the first ; and the seventh, seven-and-twenty-times-as-much-

as the first.

When (At-tvhat-time-soever) they possess (Jiave-in-posses-

sion almsnbJ) above (superfluous neut pi) what-is-enough . . . .
. . . That even the best acc were overcome w* pr (worsted)
by these affections. (Here ?/-raw is from iJTTwv, "less." The
genitive therefore may depend on the comparison. Or it
may
be governed by or even by Trept, in respect to.)
into, by ;

Offering (Sacrificing) small sacrifices from small means,

he regarded""^" it as nothing to be surpassed (/mow; from
" those-who-offered pl
fj.dti>v, less") by (the sacrificing) many
neut
(Say, many and) great?
1
sacrifices from plentiful (many)
and great means.
I was overpowered (conquered imrf) by the bawling.

It is
disgraceful that the soul should be overcome inf
by
gain, anger, pleasure, pain.
To be inferior ( To be left-by) to any-one.
 GENITIVE. 121

To be inferior (To be deficient) to any-one. 1

He came-too-late-for a '
the battle. (See the second sen-
fence of this Ride.)

I shall be deprivea-of my daughter.

art
They do not fail-to-use opportunities .

"2 TO PI
Very-soon you may become-superior-to (with ay)
the power (ability) of the king.
You surpass (are- superior -to :
Poet.) all women in \ook acc
and in size.

A loud-crash acc exceeding thunder.

Much surpassing (outstripping) men.

" "
Hence verbs signifying To " rule or " govern take a

genitive.
You reign-over Tenedos (Poetic) with-a-strong-hand.
You came 2 reigning-over Sparta, not having-power-
.

over us.
A commander governs (conducts) an army and the pilot
governs sailors, and God the world, and the mind the soul,
and prudence (intelligence) the prosperity of (about) life
arl

(acc.)
king of rule-over 11
the Medes, thy-people (the* of
yourself), and bear-to-see us governing those whom (wJtom-
allogether) we do govern.
Clearchus acc, who-was-at-the-head-of the state (things
thtn)
Periander"""' reigned-over
im & Corinth. (Tvpavrevw "I

To " should </-

perhaps be
1
'.'
this head," says Matthia;, referred also

Xfffdai rtvos, to bear any thing ;

the opposite to sinking under, succum-
bere."

Gr. Ex. G
122 THIRD PART.
'

reign-over" may have a reference to rvpayyoc //i.

Koipavidj in the next sentence to Koipavor ttjui.)

He rules (lords-over) this land.

Hence also adjectives and substantives, in which the ide/t

of governing or of being governed is implied, take a geni-

tive.

Philip became^" ^ master-over the

1

Illyrians.
To have-the-mastery-over fear and passion.
To be master-over sleep.
The good-for-nothing manikins are powerless-against all

the desires (propensities), and so (after-that) blame (cJiarge-

with-blame) Cupid ; but the honorable and good, though

wishing-for gold**" and good horses and fine women, never-
theless are-able with-ease to abstain from all these**" thing,.
" "
(Join in one word and so." Also and good.")
Under-the-dominion-of (ijaawv ; i.e. "less than") plea-
sures.

Subdued-by labor.
Let there not (//>/) spring-up"*6 -7
one who shall be*"' r

powerful over us.

art
Intemperance (Defeat) in (i.
e.
VTTO) drinking .

To-be-upset (Defeats) by pleasures or pains.

The-having-no-power *>'
(Impotence) over pleasures or
pains.
To practise a mastery over cold and heat and labor
Mistress ( Venerable) over wild-beasts.
Mistress over the sharpest darts.
 GENITIVE.

To " on the
Verbs, signifying obey," take the genitive
same principle, as the verbs To "
command," fyc.rule,"
"

How is it possible to disobey the words of my father ?

Now therefore, obeying (trusting) me, become* free. 1*

( Or ireiOopai may be " / am persuaded," and the genitive

may be governed by VTTO.)
Neither did the Goddess refuse-obedience-to '
the messages
of Jove.

Words, which imply a comparison with respect to value

or require a definition of value, take the genitive, which is

governed, as before, by vept, avrl, v-rrep, or Trpo.

To all the people there is regret for a brave-minded man
he is
worthy to be
compared with the demigods.
nying**" ;

Though (Being) alone, he does (bring s-to-pass) things

worthy to be compared with (or equivalent to) many (pro-

i rli/, the actions of many).
All the gold upon the earth*'6 " and under tJie earth*" 1
is

not worthy-to-be-compared-with virtue.

Judge?' (Think) them worthy of a penalty.

The man is condemned (estimated) to death.
Let them be chastised" '

(imperative) in-a-manner-worthy
of the injustice.
That the bad acc man and the good man should be iudged-
art
wovthy '"''of like
recompenses
They purchase their (the) wives (women) from (beside)
thoir (the) parents*'"" for a great-deal-ot'-money.

The Gods sell us da/ all the good things

of life in exchange
art " the
'.'..i labors .
(Join good" in one.)
He exchanged
im tf arms with (at-the-hands-of) Diomede 000
G 2
 THIRD PART.

the ?on-of-Tydeus, golden for brazen, arms \vorth-a-huii-

dred-oxenybr arms worth-nine-oxen.

art
I would not exchange (a. 1. opt. with ui>) my hard-lot
ar '
for your servitude.
for how-much would you buy it (opt. pr. of irpiapai with

av) ? I would buy it even at the cost of my (the) life

(breath).
He released (loosed l
) themybr a ransom ?
l
.

Divers plunging-in-the-water sawed-off a 2

the stakes for

pay.
Nor have bartered a m their
(the) good-will towards
'
to

the Greeksjfor any (not-one) favor or (nor) emolument.

She came a 2 into my hands at the expense of many toils.
Character is not to-be-bought for money (riches).
To a l m immortal for (instead-
get-in-exchange reputation
of) a mortal body.
alm life
neut
to live)
Exchanging ( Givina-in-exchanae) (the
6" neul
for (in-place-of) nothing^ (not-one ) else, but willing to
die (die-off) in the wars for-the-sake-of-obtaining honorable:
^ en
reputation .

art
.... Whether ( Whether-of-the-tivo) virtue is know-
ledge, or a thing distinct from knowledge.
Man seems to me to differ (bear-apart) from the other
animals.
This is no-other-than (not other instcad-of) your child,
old -man.

Restoring these things ye do holy things; and not

restoring them ye do what-is (the ?') contrary to these.

" cause "

The genitive often expresses the ; and is governed
by TTtp), in respect to, or t'j'K-, on account of.
 GENITIVE.

Enraged p//" on account of the Greeks who (as-many-as)

-" 1

had perished 2 m (were ruined).

To grieve on account of misfortune.
Sorrowful acc/m on account of her (the) dead (pf. part.)
brother.
I praise (envy) you for your (Me) prudence (mind),

but detest yo?/ for your (Me) cowardice.

Do you not admire (venerate) these men for their (Me)
manly-feeling and their dexterity (Jiandiness) ?
I will mW them
punish for their-coming (the coming)
hither.
ar dat
They enviously-begrudge our
'
city the land which-has-
been (the) given nfpa-ft n
by ne Oropians*'*". t

To be-objects-of-envy to the Grecians on account of the

8"
empire which* we have.
Do not (/jirj)
refuse ! '"^
(envy) me**"' my prayers, O
prince.
I do not begrudge you da/ this gift.
1"' 01 him on account his suffer-
Cyrus" pitied of (the)
ing.
To blame (charae-with-blame) one-another on account of
what-had-happened.
I will sue you for cowardice.
m me of murder.
Having accused"
!

"S
Having convicted P' Cleon of bribery (bribes) and theft.
He accused" 1

(wrote) me on-account-of these very

things.
dat
To be-prosecuted (fly) on a charge of murder.
The punishment is sometimes in the genitive :
Xanthippus, having brought (led: aor. L Attic) Miltiadcs
1

acc
before (under) the people on a charge of death
These judge cases of death.
G 3
126 THIRD PART.

To be judged in a case* 4'

(or cause") of death.

The genitive is similarly used with substantives and ad-

:
jectives
or '
Over-joy on account of the victory.
Grief (Anguish) for the godlike Hercules.
Anxiety on account of his father.
p/

Oh me', care- wo rn-*" 71

on account of your ar death. '

O ivoman bold roc in respect to thy daring.

Hence the genitive stands alone in exclamations, with and
without an interjection :

mc averter-of-evils what-a (the) swallow

Apollo ! !

O Jove, the acuteness of his (the) intellects !

Alas ! the man ! Ah ah ! the harsh Deity !

Oh (w) me '! my (the) beard!

da

Oh-me! my art wretchedness (evils) I

Oh (oa) this Persian armament

! !

Oh (w) me da'! my loss (detriment) !

Oh (LW) me da'! the misfortune !

Oh me**! the frenzy!

Words of "praying" take a genitive, which is governed

by Trept, 'm, avrt, Trpo, or Trpoc-
I beseech you both (//UEV) by (or for the sake of) Olym-

pian Jove (Zrjf, TJVOC) and (;) by Themis.

I entreat you, by these knees, and by your chin, and by

your right-hand.
I supplicate you on account of this woman.
Having
d
supplications to offer to you "', father (Say, O
ar '
father), mys3lf for myself and for my auxiliaries.

I imagine that my
art
father ace would offer (stretch-forth :
 GENITIVE. 127

a. 1. inf. with av) many supplications beseeching me by this

chin. ( That is, that he would make many supplications by

laying hold of this chin.)

"
Verbs signifying to " begin take a genitive, governed by

irepl,
with respect to. Or, they hare reference to the govern-
ment of verbs signifying to "rule, govern, head" <^e. 1

Begin, dear Muses, a bucolic song.

Certainly the son (production) of Maia"" and Jove was-
the-cause-of (began 01 ) great tribulations, when he came" 2
into the Idaean forest.
The Lacedaemonians determined 02 to save tlue city through
the virtues acc of those men ar who
'
were-the-authors-of a l

ar '
(began) freedom to all Greece*""'.

The nominative followed by a genitive marks the propor-

tions ofa whole. This genitive depends on CK or OTTO.
One of these. ( That is, One out of these.)
Of the things which-exist (being), some (the indeed) are
in-our-power, others (but the) are not in-our-power.
They overcame" those"" (the) of the Sicyonians who-
1

acc
) them.
'

engaged-with (having engaged-with"

Those ( The) of thorn who-fled-down (a. 2. part- nom.) to
Mycale
acc
were destroyed a *.
acc da '
Many delighting in such (the) of the eatables and

"The construction of dpxopcu with airb is distinct from this. The

genitive, without a preposition, marks the action or condition itself which
has commenced ;
but the genitive with airh marks the individual point
which is the first in continued action or condition. To 0pf(trn TOV yv airb

\\nrr\s dpx.(rat, The children begin life with sorrow. ToC fjjj' marks the
continuance of the condition which has commenced ;
curb XWTJS the
feeling, which is the first in the condition thus commencing." Matthias.

G 1-
128 THIRD PART.
nr
customs-of'-life
-'
as-hurt (hurting dat) both the body and the
soul
That which is wont to happen (fall-against) to those-
men from men ) who-succeed (succeeding
art dat
(the ) in life,

firstindeed rivalry, and after (from) rivalry envy.

The*1""'"' part of the walls which- was-in-a-bad-state
(being ill).
a
She ruined *
most of the Greeks.

Few out-of many returned"

1
(returned-from) to-their-

home.
Few out-of many were saved" '.
The good among men ar '.

The good (profitable) among men"".

The best (altogether) of the soldiers.
Those (The) of the popular-party.
The half masc of the time.
The greatest-^"
1
(much) part of the territory.
A thousand heavy-armed-men of the Phocians kept-

guard""^ on (down) ihis accneut side of the mountain.

Into such"'"' (so-great) a state of daring did they come
tff ass
(come-from ). (Many instances of this construction we
have noticed before in p. 108. Perhaps they might as well
be referred to this rule, by the governance of some substantive

understood.)
After the battle acc those of the enemy (enemies) who were
taken" J
last the same things.imtf
(adverb) reported
There is not one-man (mortal*""^) who (whosoever) is

free.
02
Having demolished the part of the wall where (dat.
sing. fern, of oc) the pile-of-earth lay-against""^ (wasfalling-
""^
against) they introduced
it, (brought-in) the earth.
.... That the Athenians'*"' would not have (be fati "f) in
 GENITIVE. 129
acc
the narrow-place either (not-and) a sailing-round-the-enemy
or (not-and) a sailing-through-the-enemy,which ""* to

(ivhich-altog ether) part of their (the) art they particularly

trusted""^ (believed).
02
They left (left-down) their vessels at Coressus a town
of the Ephesian /em territory. (But the name of the country
is generally placed first, as in the following sentence :)
The army of the Peloponnesians went (came-from a 2 m ) to
CEnoe aec a toivn of the Attic fem territory.

There died a 2
of the commanders Etesilaus
(died-off)
1

(Attic).
A wheel of the class of earthen art
ones. ( That is, An
earthen wheel.)
Oil-cruets acc of the class of round art (rotund) ones.
02 an axe ar
Having taken of the kind of ship-building

He
wished""^ to be one of those-who-remained (the re-

maining) at home.
Being one of the council.

You know (have ascertained^ mid) that all the others

art
regard death to be one of the greatest evils.

He married" * one of the daughters of Adrastus.

Certainly you were (loith Attic addition) one of the house-
breakers (wall-piercers).
art
Even Socrates was one of those-who-served-in-the-
aee
ariny (the serving-in-the-army) about (round) Miletus .

Of whom I affkm that even Archelaiis occ will bc'^one.

You are, as you seem (seem-like pfmid ), one (some-one) of
the good.
Of whom I shall appear
*" mid to-be
(having-become-tft""*)
one.
You will find in all transactions that the " and
approved
o 5
130 THIBD PART.
admired are (being) among (from) the most (adv.) intelli-
gent, and the infamous and despised are among (from) the
most unlearned.
02
Having taken sixty ships out-of those-which-were-

blockading (the blockading) the harbour

It is one among the shameful things which happen. (I. e.

It is a shameful thing.)
It would be (opt. with dv) in us a despicable thine/
neut 1
(some-one of the despicable* ).
Mellon, one of the Thebans who-fled (part.pf. mid.) to-

Athens. . . .

Chrysantas, one of the nobles. . . .

Biit sometimes the nominative or accusative is used.

Two parts of the Peloponnesians and fheir allies made-
""'

an-inroad a * into the Attic fem territory. (Here "parts''

and " Peloponnesians " are both in the nominative.)
Most-of-the-dwellings had fallen, but a few remained""'
1''

(remained-over).
Of the two cliffs (" The two cliffs" in the nominative)
the-one (the indeed) rises (mounts) to the wide heaven occ,
but the other cliff you will observe (discover) to be more
low (humble).
They are-conscious that those- who-have tyrannised""

(the having tyrannised &) before them have been taken-off p/,
some** (the indeed) by their parents *", others (but the) by
their sons, others (but the) by their brothers, others (but the)

by their wives (women).

2
Trembling seized (came-under ) each-of-the-Trojans
sin
( Trojans each *)
 GENITIVE. 131

The genitive is used after adverbs of place, on the same

So in Latin :
" Ubi terrarum"
principle. fyc.

My father lives in-another-part of the earth or has died^.

In-what-part of my mind (understanding) is it in-

scribed^?
Will ye not with-as-much-haste-as-possible exile (eject)
him to-one (someivhither) of the deserted islands ?

In-this-part of the discourse (word).

He fixed a J
the statue of the deity in that part of the

city where it was most suitable (opportune).

You do not see (mark) in-what-state of distress (evil) you
are. So after adverbs of time :
Late in the day. At-what-time of the day ?

Thegenitive is on the same principle put with verbs of all

kinds, even with those which govern the accusative, when the
action does not refer to the whole object, but to a part only.
He im tf
salt over it. That rt " some
sprinkled ( is, ;
salt.")
To roast '
flesh (pieces-of-meat :
contracted).
" 2
They wasted (cut) a part of the country.
Neither is it reasonable to bear morosely any of these
things.
I know nfmid
(Jiave beheld) some of my
art
equals-in-age and
a little
rfa/ ** who
older,
Send-with me* 1'
one (or some) of your attendants.
"
(drawn-aside) the door a little.
'

Having opened
To remit ones anger.
To slacken one's (the) step (approach).

A genitive is put with many other verbs which signify par-

ticipation, or in which this idea is
implied. This genitive
depends on jue'poc, /ue'poc re, n, fiolpav, &c.
G 6
132 THIRD PART.
do not partake of his (him dat ) impudence.
I

have seen'" ^ (marked: with Attic prefix) many even who

I 1

are to be ranked among badar' men*'6" participating in manly-

feeling
6""'
and in the other approved art feelings ; but / hare
art
olserved prudence and justice art to-be (being neut P ) l
the pe-
culiar possessions of the honorable and good. " and
(Join
good".)
Do you really also, Pylades, take-a-part in this murder?
I will undertake-with me<i you
rfa '
this danger.

Undertake-with a 2 me these toils.

A good
1
helper-^" in the labors in peace, and a steady ally
in the deeds of war

Sharing?' a part (lot) of the honors

To share-''"' a part of a tomb.

.... Who^ will share the greatest (most) part of the

dangers.
In which* 8" things there-is-no-participation-with 1
the de-

praved*". ( Or, there is no part with.)

In the*"" things done?'/ there-is-a-participation-withyou rfa 'J''.

( That is, You have a part in these transactions.)

He did not think" 1 '^"

(imagine) that power*
8"
(i.
e. n juepoe)

properly appertained
1
to any-one'*'" (no one) "-^ pr who (ivho-

eyer) was (p;) better than the ruled**".

?" not

Neither (And-not) any kind of surfeit nor (and-not) of

drunkenness is-becoming to us.
What are the Corinthians to us ? (Say, WJiaff
1 ^ of Co-
dat
rinthians appertains us ?)
You seem to me to say that a particle of no-one virtue be-

longs (appertains) to a man who-is-overcome*" by

the plea-
6"
sures* which arise through-the-medium-of (through) the
8
".
body*
" MVe(m is also put with a nominative as the subject. Thucyd. .

e'/xreart irTuri rb Iffov.'' Matthiae.

 GENITIVE. 133
You seem ^ mid (seem-like; with prefix) to-be-distressed

(to bear someneut heavily) ; it behoves you to impart some of

your (the) distress (heaviness) to your (the) friends.

It is necessary (necessity) to impart even to our (the) slaves

warmth (i. e. to cause our slaves to sJiare ivith us warmth)
and cold and meats and drinks (drinkables) and sleep but ;

we-must-not-impart to them at-all warlike (martial) know-

ledge and discipline.
Desiring?' (Desiring-with : i. e.
others) a share of the king-
dom
Of these things he desires (desires-with) a part.
acc
Calculation , by which''"' we plan many things, by-
means-of (through) which een Pl we obtain (derive) what-is
P and drive-off mid what-is acc P'
(the) bad
I
(the) good^"
We should not have got (derived: a. 1. with av) the least

part of \i fem (i. e. of the benefit).

I derive this good from the dangers / have incurred.

(Here the accusative is used.)

Often has an entire (all-together) city derived*^' (drawn-
6
from) evil from a bad man*' ".
I-for-my-part, so (thus) may I find-comfort-from (or
enjoy) my (the) children, hate that man orf .

She tasted" l
the draught.

I taste bitter suffering (distress-of-mind).

All things smelt ""^ (Doric) of summer, and all things

smelt of autumn. (Or the construction is, smelt the smell
of summer.)
These neut (Attic) matters seem to me to point-to (savor-

of) things of-more-importance, and more in number.

I smell of ointment about my (the) head.

Your (The) very garments*"" will smell of cleverness

(dexterity). (That is: A smell of cleverness will smell from

I34l THIRD PART.

your garments. Or, A part of your garments will smell of

cleverness.)
From whose mouth a divine (divinely-spoken) smell of
violets issues (smells).

A smell proceeds (smells) from ii fem

(i.e. the fountain)
as-if of violets.

Whence do you breathe such (so-great) ointments ?

Not only does she breathe herself, but also makes &
those-who-smell her to breathe the he-goat.
Whence has the scent (or voice) of a mortal lighted-on 2

(cast-at) me ?

On the same principle may be explained the genitive after

"
verbs signifying to " obtain or " receive."
a 2 ntbJ
; . . . That Achilles
may (KEV) receive (obtain-by-lot)
sab->
gifts from Priam, and let-go !
Hector.
who a2
Good- fortune is theirs shall
(av) obtain
*"*>
ob-)
tain-by-lot) the most-becoming end (termination) of life,

as (just-as) these indeed (forsooth) do now.

Ask them what (of-what-sort) men they found (hit-
az
upon ) us.
That ( With-the-vieio-that) the Trojans and the
wives of the Trojans may present (allot & J
snb mid
) me wJien
dead (a. 2. part.) with fire.
He was-buried (lay-buried $f mid ) by others, having met-
with a (come-across) neither (not-and) a tomb nor (not-and)
'

lamentations from (at-the-side-of) us^".

(run-upon) a good (virtuous) Deity.

J
1 have found"
art
(plural) glory and your
07"'
These inherit your goods.
 GENITIVE. 135

And after the verbs signifying to " take"

Seize" m2
( Take) ye this man.
The opportunity of woman art for marrying is small ; and-
in-case she does not seize " 2 m *"% no-one
(fj.fi) (seize-upon) it,

wishes to marry a l her.

He alone blamed a<lm (seized-upon) the edict concerning
the cutting-off *'*" of the hands of the prisoners.
2 "1
While there is opportunity, undertake" (adventure-
upon) ye the business (things).
This remark makes-an-impression-on me marvellously.
If (In-case) we are-prudent *"**>, we shall keep-hold of him.
I will keep-hold of her, as (in-the-way-that) ivy does of

oak.
I persevere-in the same opinion (the opinion the same).
A great lake borders-on (properly, holds on ivitli) the
monument.
To be-earnestly-attentive-to one's (the) safety.
So-as not (/j) to meddle-with (handle) these things con-
neut
trarily-to justice"" (the just ).

Touching (Feeling) this your chin with my hand*"'.

He takes "'"*
me
by (from) the tail.
The part by which any thing is taken is often put in the
genitive, while the whole is in the accusative
2 m
They took" Orontes ar/ by the zone*" 1
.

Will he drag (lead) me not willing'''", having seized a l

me ? Yes- truly / will, by your yellow hair.

To tie a dove by the foot.

The same construction of the genitive is retained also

with the verbs which signify the opposite of To "take>
seize," fyc., viz., To " let go, loose, not to obtain, miss," c.
136 THIRD PART.
fem I will not
Willing let-go (get-rid) of this my daughter.
He ordered " me not (p)) to let-go (get-fid') of him any-
'

more.
He lets-go
mid
) the spear (wooden-spear).
(abandons
dat
I advise
(drive-towards) you not (p/) to let-go
mid of Ladle's nor of Nicias.
(abandon )
acc mid
Deserting (Casting-forth ) our allies
Aiming-at the boar, he misses that**" (the) indeed, but hits
en
(lights-upoii) the son" ofCrresus.
If (In-case) I do not (p/) err" 2 "lbJ (miss) in opinion. (In
this and in the former sentence irepl may be supplied. The
ellipses before stated will explain the constructions in the

other sentences in this Rule.)

Tlie genitive after superlatives is founded on the idea of

a part of t/te whole, and is governed by EK or O.KO.

You are to me the most hateful of king?.

The most good-looking acc of (out-of) all the icomen
Hence it is put with verbs derived from superlatives :
This wife (woman) of Hector, who excelled-in-bravery""^

(ivithout augment) the horse-taming Trojans f en

Did her (the of her) body surpass-in-beauty'^'all women

(i. e. that of all women) ?

Gifts which bear-the-palm of those-which-are (the) now

esteemed among (in) men
T7t genitive in the following passages may be understood

on the same grounds :

Certainly you exceed all men in want-of-spirit

duf
.

Gold ar is-conspicuous eminently among metals (proud

'

wealth).
These are (have spnmg-up a 2
) distinguished among mortal
men for a brave-spirit
rf
"'.
 GENITIVE. 137
Two men P', eminent among the others. . . .

He sought impf me most (chiefly) of all.

He honored a (respected) the son (vie,
l

oc) of Actor most

(chiefly) of the foreigners (sojourners).

Words having the notion of "property" are used in the

genitive as being a part of a possession ; or from the notion

of dominion.
nent
All the goods of-those-vvho-inhabit (of the inhabiting)
a (the) city are the domestic property
(i.
e.
^r/juara) of-
those-who-reign (of the reigning) well.
acc
They assert that these fishes are sacred to the Nile.

This"" plain was once (Ionic) the property of the Choras-

mians but, since the Persians have the dominion, it is the
;

property of the King (Ionic).

To be the property of oneself. ( That is, To be free.)
I will not be inscribed
(paulo-post-fut.) in the registers as
belonging to Creon as my patron.
P'
Being always the prey of-those-who-assail (of the as-
sailing) them
He is in the
power of him-who-speaks (the speaking), if
(in-case) he speaks-of
"^ fears. (That is, He gives
himself
entirely to him, c.)

They are under the influence of neither (not-either)

forgiveness nor-anything else but (but or) profit.

Words denoting " quality, office, power, custom, habit,

duty" are put in the genitive.

To (The nmt ) hunt-for vain (empty) things is the part or

quality of much want-of-mind.

138 THIRD PART.

This is a matter (or office) of much labor.

War ar '
is not the business of weapons so-much-as of money

(expense).
To (The neut ) be-willing
1
and to (the neut) have-a-sense-of-

shame is a part of (or, is necessary to) fighting-well.

The riddle was not (ov\t) in the power of the-first-comer
to solve" *.

The army being great (much) will not be in the power of

a l m
every city to receive (receive-up).
It is the office of a good general to publish (utter) the
more favorable (neut. pi. contracted) news, not (nor) such-
"
as-are (the) bad (unlucky). (Make " the unlucky one word.)
Revolt is the act of those-who-are-treated-with-outrage

(of the suffering anything outrageous).

Is not this in-every-respect the action of a madman
(mad) ?

This genitive is sometimes attended tvith ipyov :

It is the business of the ruling to make the ruled as-pros-

perous-as-possible.
Sometimes with irpoe with a genitive :

"" d
I have thought ?f that such ar' deeds acc are" 2 ir>f
(become)
not in-the-power-of every man.
It is the-characteristic-of (^-poc) a woman to be haughty
acc
(elevated) in her heart .

Under this head may be classed the following construc-

tions :

To be f en old.
thirty years
Being
pl in-esteem (of word) with (at-the-hands-of ) the

To be of the same opinion.

1
Hence e<r8\bs is brave, from e6f\cu, fd\u. 5 is added, as in eV
 GENITIVE. 139

The yenitive similarly used, particularly with demon-

is

strative pronouns, to show in whom a certain quality is

found.
1 do not praise (laud) this in a chiefs' 6'" (or, this action of
a chief).
I admire (laud) these things in him more, namely
that, &c.
You know (have ascertained: pf. mid. contracted),
Theodoras (prefix O), what I admire in your ort companion.
I praise this in Agesilaus (or, this action of Agesilaiis).
This ts what they particularly censure in you?' (or, in re-

gard to you, Trept).

We seem to have observed 02 this in Cyrus, that &c.
Hence perhaps the genitive in the following construc-
tions :

I wonder at those-who-have (the having & en ) this opinion" "', 7

that (Jimv-it-is-that) they do not speak-ill-of wealth*""' and

art
strength (robustness).
6"
And verily-by Juno 07 "'
I praise (laud) you*" in this, that

you seem to me to succour them as-far-as you-are-able.

I have-been-admiring (admire) you for-some-time (of-old),
observing (noticing) how (as) sweetly you sleep.
Who would-not-admire the virtue of those 07 men? "'

The genitive expresses the person or thing from which

any thing proceeds, and is governed by OTTO, CK, or Trapa,

"from, ;" or VTTO.

The Armenian, when (as) he heard from the messenger '

the" 6 "' orders which were given by (at-the-side-of) Cyrus**"

2
(art.), was astonished .
14O THIRD PART.
I heard' m^/rom the priests (Ionic) of Vulcan" 77 at-Mem-
a 2 m
phis that these things took-place (became) thus.
Children (prefix " O "), yow yourselves (selves) have
heard " '
(heard-into) your father
* en
saying these things,
( That if, have heard these things from your father saying

t/iem.)
Is it not great-disgrace (great evils) to hear these things
from-slaves (at-the-hands-of bondmen) ?

Listening-to the most shameful words which proceeded

pl

from (by :said by) this man

i. e.

He sends hither a man to-inquired P art of the officer what

(whichever) it behoves him to do.

Toinquire"
2 "
of (at-the-side-of) the officers what
1
it

behoves him to do.

After (Since-indeed) they heard 01 the opinion of (from)
them all
Having learnt"
2
t/ie plans of the enemy ? from a
l
spy, we
will consult.

It was a (some) wise thing in-him-who-taught (of the

having taught"
1
) mortals to hear reasons from (at-the-side-

of) their (the) opponents,

Hence perhaps the folloiving constructions :

It is most disgraceful for me dat to listen to words pro-

ceeding from a frivolous man fabling silly fables (observa-
tions).
I will hearken-to the plaintiff and the defendant both
equally.
I hear (comprehend) words proceeding from a dumb (blunt)

man, and I hear ivords proceeding from one not uttering-a-

voice.

Having heard both you and her

'

Why does it behove us to hear other witnesses ?

 GENITIVE. 141

Hear '

my opinion.
It has been proved ^ how (as) justly your
""'
citizens

approve (receive-from) of the brazier and the currier coun-

art
selling- together about political matters (accus.) !

"
Words of " descent and birth are put in the genitive

governed by IK, awb, c.

Cyrus is said to have-been-born a2 of Cambyses as his

father, but is confessed (or allotved) to have been-born*
of Mandane as his mother.
It is a remarkable distinction among (in) mortals to be-
born a 2
of virtuous parents.
Born from the same father.

Nor (Not-and) will he beget (generate) a child from the

new-married spouse.

So words which express the material of ivhich any thing

is made.
Whether ( Whether-of-the-two) they make""'' the statues
of brass or stone.
The way is pavedK >ar with stone.
/ '

The doors are made-0/ of palm.

A garland of grass. Rafts of hides.
A door made^ of (from) tamarisk.
Raiment made^ of (from) wood?',
A wing of white snow.

So a genitive is used with substantives of all kinds to

express the author of a thing implied in the mbstantive.

Wanderings (Rovings) proceeding'from or caused by .Juno
 THIRD PART.
.... That a
may be rescued '
( To-ihe-end-thaf) the city '"tf,

unhurt by the evils # en ivhich are threatened from this land.

Announcing
/fem
<Ae dreams which-were-sent-by (V/ie) Aga-
memnon %en from the shades

A calamity (suffering^ sent by the Deities.

The genitive is put with verbs compounded with prepositions

which govern the genitive, when they may be separated from
the verb and placed immediately before the case without altering
'
the signification of the verb.

To jump-from a chariot. To go-out-of a house.

To sail- from" '
the land.
!
I sent" (sent-from) you from the land.
His mother saved" 1

(saved-from) him from the hand of

^Egisthus.
I will send (send-away-from) you from this land.
Hence verbs compounded with Kara ("against," with a
genit.}, ivhich represent an action as tending to the disad-

vantage of a person or thing, take the genitive of the person

or thing against ivhich the action is directed, together with
the accusative of the thing which is the passive object of the
verb. Thus Karriyoptiv ri TLVOQ, is to utter, to assert any*
thing to the disadvantage of any one. A.yopiii> n Kara

'
'
1
Thus twriAeyew Ttvbs will not express to contradict any one ;

because \eytiv avri rivos would mean

'
to speak in the place of any one.'

Frequently also a verb, compounded with a preposition which requires a

genitive, governs the genitive, though the preposition cannot be sepa-
rated from the verb ;
as avrnroit'tffda.i TWOS, f<f>iea6a.i TWOS, airo\OMt-.v
TLVUS. Here then the genitive does not arise from the preposition, hut
from the relation which the verb expresses." Maithiai.
 GENITIVE. 143

He charged the. others with folly. (Say, He alleged-

impf the others
against foolishness.)
Much injustice was alleged-against""?-'' him. (Here the ac-
cusative becomes the nominative.)
You pronounce me very unhappy. (Say, You pronounce-
much unhappiness.)
(tgainstrf rue
acc
I perceive (mark) that you?' , when (with av joined} you
2 *"*>
decide-against" any-one (particular) that he has com-
mitted sacrilege or theft (i. e. when you condemn
for if), do
not award (making mid vart) the punishment
according-to(c<7ree-
ably-to) the greatness"" of the crimes of which they receive
(take : a. 2. subj. with av) the punishment, but pass-death-

agaiust all equally.

To pronounce any one guilty of cowardice. (Say, To
vote-against any-one cowardice.)

They decreed-against" the men indiscriminate death.

'

They pour-against the sacred-places every blasphemy.

We will direct-against (pump-out-against) philosophy still

more (contracted form) laughter.

He said-agaiust life (the
neut
to live) thus-much.
2
They said" (asserted) that they would speak-against"^
him to his (the) grandfather.
al P / the
Having vauutingly-alleged-against Athenians want-
of-power
There are some who laugh-at (laugh-against) such ar '

things.
With the last may be compared the following construc-
tions :

How (As) delightful to be able to despise (think-oneself-

above) the established-laws !
It is evident madness to contemn so-great ar/ an authority

^magistracy).
144 THIRD PART.

Let no-one (jiot-any-one) despise (imperative of Tr

isw) you.

But other cases sometimes take the place of the gcnittie :

After they went-out-of a2 the Persian (fixate, icos) terri-
acc
tory
To exceed (pass-out-of) thirty years .
art acc

acc
Having sailed- wi thout
*> l
the Hellespont .
l

The Deity is averse-from" 2 ? you acc (Perhaps inrotr-pt- .

"
(f>ofjiai
came to have the general notion of " hating or " de-
spising" and so took the accusative. So airoTpi-^o^ai below
Neither (Not-eit/ier) turn-away-from the truth (the true neia '\

6
".
through (by) anger*
To Pittheus were born" 2m (sprang -from} three blameless
children. (EK is either EK Hirdl^Q or ei; yuyairac.)
He saw (beheld) children born a 2 m (sprung-from} to them " rf(

all.

Winters make-room-for summer'' '.

On the other hand, verbs, compounded with prepositions

governing other cases, take a genitive.
He extricated m *" 1

you^, shut-in^ the fences* as you

'
icere.

(Here the genitive depends on eVw or tyroe.)

What is it
(this) that-is-not-in (ODA:
ivi ; for ivta-i) my"
1
'

ship ? (/. e. ivTog, firl, fyc.)

Him m the walls. l

you have received-into

'""'
They shall not, I swear by (no-by) Ceres" inock-^
1 1

',

(gape-in) at me while-I-live (living^' ). ( The genitive seems

1

"
to depend on m-d, dmvn at")
 GENITIVE. 145

As he sees (marks) me advancing-to the car. (That is,

"
vQ or ayx near.")

The genitive determines place, in answer to the

question,
Where ?
A woman such-as is not in
(down-in) the Grecian (Axaii'e,
acc
t'Soc)country , nor (not-and) at (i. e. in the town of)
e
Pylos" ", nor (not-and) at Argos.

I dwell far-off in the country (folds). (That is, in the

midst of, fyc.)

On (i.
e.
CTTI)
the left hand dwell the iron-forging Cha-
lybes.
I see
(mark) at the end-of-the-funeral-pile the cluster-of-

liair cutsC
TJie body (frame) of Capaneus is
smoking on the lad-
der*"" Pl .
In what (TTOC) place ? ( That is, Where ?)
In which place. ( That is, Where.)
In the house of Jove. say, At St. PauFs.)
(So we
To return (go-back-from) to the house of his father.
To the abode of Orcus.

In the abode of Orcus.

To (ck added to the end of the genitive) the house
of Orcus
(Hades).
To go-frequently to the house of a teacher.
Do you see in-what-a-state of misfortune (evil) you are ?

The genitive determines time.

Death be my-lot (m dal ), whether-it-be

will
(or) the morn-
ing or the time of dusk or mid-day" " . 1

Gr. Ex. H
146 THIRD PART.
In the time of full (highest) night.

In the same winter. On the same day.

In the time of night. In the time of summer (or, In sum-
mer time. However the genitive may here be governed Inj
" It
ov<rr)Q, OVTOQ, which are sometimes supplied. being." Of
this construction more hereafter.)

He oppressed
l
us in the former years.
He will come in a short (gradual) time.
For six years unwashed. (For the space of.)
2
It-did-not-happen to them to see" (behold) their-country
for many years.
He has not sojourned^ here for (or since; i. e.
EC) many
years.
Since what (of-what-kind) time has the city been laid-
waste*^?
Within thirty days from this day"
7"'

lel-him-go-away (go-
off: a. 2. imperative).
Within thirty days.

The genitive is often used after xP^if10 tc ^h - an adjective-

and with or without ri.
Within is an enormous-quantity of slices-of-salted-fish.

Roxana, a virgin-of-wonderful-beauty.
There followed""^ him"*"' dragons, enormous-reptiles.

A great monster (thing) of a boar.

The dative is used as in Latin, after Giving TO, Shotting

favor or disfavor TO, Trusting TO, Being convenient or
inconvenient TO or FOP, Saying TO, fyc.
 DATIVE.

Give 2
me (i. e. to me) bows. Tell" me (i. e. to me.)
'

Bringing great joy to you. Friendly to any-one.

Inimical to any-one.

Well-disposed to any-one.
He does the things which are very advantageous to us.
It is hard (difficult) for a father and mother to be be-
reaved" p (stripped-of) of their children.
*

To be-troublesome to one's-hearers (the hearing.)

It is disgraceful to (or for) a woman to stand (Jforij/n)
about amidst youths-?"" (youths men).
'

Do not-at-all become a2ro *"6; a-hindrance -

(in-the-way)
to us.
ar
Old-age now is-a-hindrance (obstructs
' ]

) to me.
Like (Similar) to any-one.
To obey any-one. (That is, To be obedient TO. Milton
" Yet TO their
has :
general's voice ttiey soon obey'cL")
2
Serving Phrebus.
Neither (Not-and) trusting (confiding? ) to 1
all, nor dis-

trusting all.
3
stranger, remove out-of-the-way for a king?*.
arl
Do-thou-old-man-who-puttest-me-out-of ( Your old-
arf
age which puts-me-out-of) my speech*"", retire
, (go-
a 2 dat
from ) out-of-the-way for our (the us ) words.
Jove the son-of-Saturn has subjected (subdued) me to
Peleus (Ionic) the son-of-/Eacus. ('Tiro is supplied in the

folloioing sentence:)

1
EMiro5i'a>and (vox\f<o govern also the accusative.
2 "
harpevftv, to serve
;
to pay honor to the Gods by offerings in the ;

first sense takes the dative ; and in the second, though rarely, the accusa-
tive.
Eurip. El.: TiVa ir6\tv, riva. 3' citKov \arpV(ts ; Iph. T. : 'Ev6a ray
Sfas anfyiiroKov Kovpav Aorpeua.'. It is found however in the first sense
with\he accusative also." Matthix.
3
Tvpdwois does not depend on eKiroSir, whicl) governs a genitive
148 THIRD PART.

Neptune has subjected"

l
(subdued) me to (under)
Idomeneus*^ (Ionic).

With the verb to " give," the Poets sometimes add ev :

The Cupids, having come 02 (arrived) among mankind

too-violently, have not given (bestowed* ') to (in) men either

good-reputation or (neither) virtue.

But the above may be translated "among men" The
following is a clearer instance :

Phoebus has not given a l (made-to-attend) to (in) us (our

opinion) the song of the lyre. (That is, has not given
us a taste for it.)

Verbs of "exhorting, ordering," take a dative. 1

a
The former (formerly) things you did not well advise
(commend) me
rfa
'.
(
TJiat is, TO me.)
do not advise (commend) you dat to wish (will) him great
evils. (That is, I do not advise TO you this thing.)
We intend to advise (counsel-together) you da ' respecting
those things at which*'" it behoves the younger men to aim.
He ordered" the heralds da to convoke the Greeks. (That
! '

is, He ordered this to them.)

He wishes to give-directions-to all. (Lqftalvu is

1 Not however by any means ALWAYS. As the verbs, which take a ge-
nitive, often admit the proper case, the accusative ;
so do those which take
a dative. "
The verbs To order, To exhort, as irpo<na.TTtiv, firiTt\\f<r6cu,
irapcuvtij',iraptyju^v, ira.paKt\(veff8ai, vTroTidfffOai, &c., regularly take the
dative. KeAevew however takes not only the dative in the sense of To exhort,
but also the accusative with the infinitive. Thus also irpoordrrfty. On the
other hand, vovOereiv, TraooKaXtiv, -npyrpeirfiv, irapo^vvtiv, irapopfuiv , &c.,
take only the accusative." Matthias. The latter verbs more directly ami
spontaneously lead the student to the accusative.
 DATIVE. 149
" "
Hence verbs of ruling, governing, take a dative.

He wishes to give-directions-to all, and to rule

(sway)
rf
all <".

For-long he shall not rule (govern} the Gods.

Jove and Minerva have-power-over men and the immortal
Gods.
Hector led impf (headed) the Trojans.
They led (conducted: dual a. 1. m.) the Meonians.
Hence perhaps aval:, takes a dative here :
O prince'""" of Thebes P' which-has-fine-horses. (Unless
iv is understood.)

" meet, meet

TJie verbs to with, light on" take a dative,
which is governed perhaps by 7rt or avv.
He met" his father.
*

a
) no-other man (of
2
I-for-my-part have seen (secn-into
mortal who-has-met-with (having met-with ai ) a more
pl
)
odious fate (lot) than this**" man.
See (Mark) lest 2 mbJ the
you light-on" guards. (See
1
note. )

The verbs to "phase, displease," take the dative.

Peace pleases me. ( That is, is pleasant TO me.)
You do things not pleasing to me.
Let us comply-with ( perfect "^J) the discourse which (u)
has pleased (fitted : pf. mid. with redupl.) us all.
a *
Croesus, not being pleased with the decision, said (re-
acc
marked) these things to Cambyses (art.). (In this and
in the succeeding sentence, however, the dative seems to be

governed by vir6.)

1 "
TS.VTvyx&' flv > ffvvTvyx&'f 1 '', are found also with the genitive, for rvy-
<it>(w." Matthiae.

H 3
150 THIRD PART.
im Pf
They were displeased with his (the of him) inode-
of-life.

The verbs "

reproach, rebuke," take the dative of the
to

person or thing reproached, and often with the accusative of

the cause of the reproach.

Doing those (these) things which you-would-object to

others'""' (or, which you ivould blame in others) doing
them
mid
1 know pf (have ascertained) that you would have
charged (impf. of ^li^o^at with av) not-even this to me
(or, that you ivould not have blamed even this
in me),
I censure not those-who-wish to rule, but those-who-are

(the being) too-ready to submit.

They inveigh-against the Lacedemonians particularly, and

after-that against the others who-participated (the partici-

pating) in the peace*"'".

mid e re viles"" rf
Jove ar/
In-this-manner gaping f>f jj .
(See
1
note. )

Verbs which signify to " assist, help, hurt,'' take a dative-

He wishes (is-inclined ) to help the Trojans. ( That is, to
be of help TO.)
To succour the injured^.
How (How-thai) wealth not-in-any-way assists the dead !

*
Ill-treating (Mai-treating) the dead man, she said-over"
him these neut words: Thee, according-as (Ionic) I threat-

ened" *, I will cram with blood*'*".

By ill-treating"
"1
(mal-treating) whom 4"', the Persians

1
The active \oiSopt<a usually takes an accusative.
 DATIVE. 151

to ill-treat Araasis"" (Ionic). (Here

thought"^ (supposed)
the verb takes both a dative and an accusative. 1 )

There was no-use (no-profit) in searching as we did.

" there is a necessity" sometimes takes a dative?

Aft,
The same question is necessary (Say, there-is-u-necessity
of the same question) for you, What is virtue ?
Why are children necessary for you? (Say, Wliy is-there-

a-necessity to you of children 9 )

Now it-is-necessary ( there-is-a-necessity) for you to men-
tion (disclose) these observations.

Words signifying "common to or with" take a dative,

which seems to be governed by avv.

This is common to all.

What there in common nom in middle) with

is (common
Phoebus and you ? ( That is, What has Phoebus to do with

you ? What are you to Phcebus ? )

There is nothing in-common with us and him.
What communion is there between a looking-glass and a
blind man ?
tJiat there was"
01
They affirmed
1 ''
i,i
nothing (no thing)
common with themselves and the Athenians.
What is there in common between you and me ?
He held-communion a '
with the wicked (bad).
That-which-is ( The) common to (upon) all.

Words also of " equality to, suitableness to, resemblance

to," fyc., or the contrary, take the dative.

"
o\{e?f, f)oi)df'ii>, eiriKovpfty, \vffiTe\etv, govern ONLY
1
Aprfryeiv, a/j.vvfiv,
the dative ; aKpeXejv is used in both cases. Ovivrtfii, &\d.Tm>.>, take the accu-
sative ONLY." Matthiie.
4 " ONLY
Xpii takes the accusative." Matthise. See the 24th Canon of
Person at the end of these Ejercises.
H 4
152 THIRD PART.
4
Having-'*" a body like (similar) to Helen.

Dust like smoke.

Being in sufferings ivhich were akin to those-that-fell-io-

the-lot-of Theseus dat

These things are not agreeable (correspondent) to those
(the) which-have-been-announced (announced-from : part,
pf. pass.).
A mouse is-born in the earth, feeding-on the same fruit

of the ground with man.

About (According-to) the same time with the seizure of
the goblet.
In the same danger with the vilest.
He was born a 2 of (from) the-same (one) mother with me.
a ' acc
Having reigned an-equal-number-of-years (like
acc
years ) with Oleander.
Are not you also struck (Attic) with-the-same-number-of-
strokes (like art strokes") as l dai ?
Words ace such as he-who-was-killing dat
(the killing-en-
dua '
tirety) you would speak
I beware-of drunkenness and sleep equally with a trap.
He was hated im & (hated-entirety) equally (like
accneut
) with
black fate.

They respect a (the) friend equally (from like" eu! ) icith a

father.

In-the-same-way-as the dogs-**"

1
, the ichneumons are

buried.
These things many heard-equally-with'^^me.
Speaking-the-same-language with any-one.
Having-the-same-name with any-one. ( That is, a name-
sahe of any one.)

Brought-up-with any-one.
Having-a-common-boundary with any-one.
 DATIVE. 153

To agree-with any-one.
To associate-with any-one.
So the to " accommodate to
verbs, oneself to, become,"
take a dative,

As becomes a happy mother.

Things which-suit (suiting) those-who-have-drunk (the

having drunk nf) poison.
You have spoken" 1 (remarked} suitably to my absence
(i. e.,
with propriety, considering my long absence).
They assented (consented) to Hector devising as he did
evil things.

The dative expresses, as in Latin, that an action is done

for the advantage or pleasure or honor of any one.
Menelaiis, for whom we have fitted-out !
this expedition

(sailing) ...... (
The dative is governed by the participle of
, xapio[jLai, fyc. Homer supplies rt/z>)r apvvp.evoi Me-

Dissuading (Not permitting) him from-collecting-the-

votes (to collect-the-votes) for a man \vho-had-no-city (Ionic
contract) ......
If you will punish the murder for your (the) companion
Patroclus (i. e., the murder of Patroclus for him). . . .

( The dative is governed by fioT)9Qv, apriywv, fyc.)

Warding-off the pitiless day to serve your children (off-

(If we construe it "from your children" this
1
spring* ).

sentence will belong to a rule a few pages on. So also the

next sentence.)
To repel the hostile spear (wooden- spear) for the pro-
tection of your mother.
a "'
Having danced (opxtopat) in honor of the Gods,
!

H 5
 THIRD PART.

let us be cautiously not (ju//) to offend any-more for-the-

future.
In honor of j.hese or virgins both the girls and the boys
'

of the Delians shave-their-head.

The dative expresses "to" or "for" in various rises.

You are (eWt) to me a father and a venerable mother.
There were born to Tellus honorable and good children.
Children-have(is to children) not a finer privilege than to
be-born (hare sprung-up rj
~) of a good father *".

Nothing is so (thus) our-o\vn as (or) \ve are to ourselves.

Let not (p)) the \vant-of-excrtion displayed-in-the-words
(of the words) of Nicias, and the disagreement which they
occasion to the young with (toioards) their (the) elders,
'

a l * ukj pi
divert you from your intentions.

Labor for the hands.

For as for ; as far as concerns) you d "' the command

(i. e.

of Jove has its accomplishment ; but I am not-bold enough

to bind" 1
a kindred (cognate) God to (Trpoe) a stormy
dal
.
valley
A God
saves (save^ from) me but as far as regards (or, ;

as for as far as is in the power of) this man I am-undone

;

(am-gone). (Ev seems understood.)

The laws here do not seem to take-their-rise from- that -

quarter, from-whence they take-their-rise in respect to (or

in, zv) most-of-the-cities (the most cities).

O
wealth voc and government and one art excelling another
art*"*" in contributing to a (the) much-envied state-of-living I

I-for-my-part beseech you to dismiss (send-back : a. 2.

Poet.) your wrath to (or, with respect to; directed to)
Achilles (Ionic).
 DATIVE. 255
For (or to) me remains (waits) a mutilation (rending) of
limb by a doubly-edged spear (wooden-spear).

Nothing is-a-hindrance (hinders-from) to him-who-has-

chosen (t/ie having chosen 2 m ) the life of-wisdom (of the neut
art
to be-wise) from-living (to live) according to this mari-
acc
ner .

You have gone 2p

(TrpoorAXw) along way"" as for an
old-man. (That TrptVet, os is becoming to.)
is, we .

,
,
You are noble-minded, as it appears to a-beholder (Jtaving

A thing difficult, and, for such-as me at-least, absolutely

impossible.
I have honored" '

(respected) you as is evident to those-

who-are-intelligent.
As it
appears to me.
As at-least it appears to me.
As-far-indeed-as it is right for me to judge '.

As it appears to my judgment (thought).

The body, as it seemed to one touching (handling^) it on-

the-outside, was not too hot; but the"*"' parts within were
burnt""*' (blazed).

Epidamnus is a city on (in) the right-hand as it appears

to one sailing-into the Ionian gulfacc .
""*
on-the-right of
7
Standing (i. e. in regard to, to) the
chiefs
To a person m to
(Say, having commenced"
'

sailing sail-

innermost-part into the wide

l
through" ) out-of the sea,

forty (Ionic) days are spent.

It is the ninth year that-we-have-been-waiting (to v-s

waiting) here.
It was already the second day that-I-had-sailed (to me
sailing).
H 6
1-56 THIRD PART.
What time is it
since-the-boy-was-killed (to the boy
dat

put-an-end-to
&P "*) ? 1

How many -y ears acc the Egyptians themselves affirm there.

a.re'"Sfrom Hercules
dat
to (ec) Amasis, has been shown M
before.
Thou hast made-thy-appearance (appeared-beforc" 2 f) to
me longing (regretting-the-loss-of) for it. ( That is, as I
had longed for.}
The celebrated son of Jove and Alcmene came" 3 late-

indeed but to-my-satisfaction (to me pleased*"*).

I know (discern) that I am-come wished-for-by-you-of-
du<d
the-slaves-only (Say, to you alone of slaves anxious-
dat
for .)
We were pleased with your words (Say, The icords be-
came tf mid to us gratified), and we are (Ionic) ready to do

these things.
Xicias had expected what actually took place regarding
the Egestaeans. (Say, The neJ" pl about the Egestceans
en

were to Nicias art looking-out-for.)

2
They said" (remarked) that-it-would-not-be with-their-
consent (to them willing) that the army acc should go'"-r (go-
*e
on) through their (the of them) land ". ( Thus Sailust :
'
Uti militibus excequatus cum imperatore labos volentibus

esset." Tacitus : " Quibus bellum volentibus erat")

Mot and iijilv
is often an intelligible expression, when it

is :
thought merely expletive
da to the king acc (Ionic), that
(Remark) for me
' '
Report"
I say these things.
2
Remember (remark: old form of infin.) for me,
to tell"

ye Trojans, to the dear father and mother of the admirable

Ilioneus (Ionic) to weep (groan : Ionic old form of bifin.)
in their house ^ (abodes).
 DATIVE.

child, has the guest indeed gone (journeyed'#")? Here

is to be added ; which thought to be either expletive
is

or put for fjfjtZv. But perhaps wv is omitted: 6 wr eVoe

" he who is to us a So the following sentences
TJfj.iv, guest."
may be understood :
Lest (In-order-that-not) their-order (the order to them)
should be disarranged a f t ( Thai is, // ovaa avroiQ ruijie.)
1
.

1 have heard im 6"

uffrom your*"' father-? that the Iliad of-
Homer (to Homer art ) is *" a finer poem than the Odyssey.
( That is, the Iliad which is to Homer.)
What shall be the name given to-our-city (to us to the city :

that is, to the city which is to us) ?

"'
Lest by asking" I should be ?' a-hindrance (in-the-way)

to-your-exposition. ( To you to the exposition ; that is, to

the exposition which is going to be

given by you.)
This seems to me at-least to be well spoken, namely,

(the
neut
) that\ve
acc
men art are '^ one of the possessions of-the-
Gods (to the Gods : i. e. ovrwv).
Your paternal habitation. (Say, The paternal to you pl
habitation: i.e. / o5<ra.)
Of the paths of-the-Nile (to the Nile : i. e.
oveuv) the direct
one is this.

He had imnfa.
satrap's (to the satrap : i. e. TO ov] palace.

When-indee.d the barbarians had gone" 2 (gone-from)from

their-territory (the territory to them : i. e. ovtrrjc)
So without the article :

J
Jupiter gave" (made-to-attend) ito-their-race(fo them to
race : i. e. rw yevti rta OVTL afyiv).
Matthias understands here yivti to be in opposition to tr^iv ;

which is harsh. So in the following sentence :

dat art
This bears-witness to my (me )op'mion
(fioirrj ypfym):
he supposes rrj yrw^j) to be a more precise explanation of poi.
1.58 THIRD PART.

But the truer construction is TTJ

yvw/zj; rij overrj poi. for,
though the other construction might be here allowed, it would
not be allowed in many of the preceding sentences, nor in these
two :

No-longer do your (to you ; i. e. rd 6v-a) children see (pe-

netrate""*) the light.

Lest any thing hanging-up should fall-on" 2 sul> (fall-in) ->

his-boy (to him to the boy : i. e. rw ?rcu8i rw OVTL ot)

1
.

These constructions will account for the Greek use of the

article where we use a pronoun adjective :

It-behoves you pi not (p)) to obliterate your {the: i.e.rriv

ovaav i>fui') high-character.
Pericles 01"' endeavoured im & to disengage the Athenians
from their (the: i.e. TTJS ovarjg avrolg) anger*'"' towards (upon)
him" '.

Numerous instances have occurred before.

The dative expresses the direction of an action TO an object.

They alKem lifted- up" 2
(held-up) their hands to Minerva.
Hence "pray" take a dative ; as in praying
the verbs to

the countenances or the hands icere lifted-up :

p/
They prayed-to"" the Gods.
The people addressed-prayers a m to the Gods and (more-
pl l

02
over) lifted-up (held-up) their hands.
Gods aec
Your mother often addresses-prayers to the that you
may return-back 02 to
your home
acc
alive (living).
alm the Gods and the heroes
Having prayed-to
So the verb to " look up to or on any one :"

So " cui poma" (whose apples) in Virgil is

properly : the apples (be-

longing to) v/hom.

 DATIVE. 159

How (As) grimly does your country look-tfp-to those-who-

ridicule (the ridiculing} her !

Ofthis hind may be also a.vaarijva.i tivt, "to stand tip against

any one in order to fight with him :"

I conquered
*
Clytomedes with-the-fist, and in wrest-
ling / conquered Ancaeus who rose-up-against a 2 me
rfa '

The dative stands often alone in this sense, instead of the

preposition irpos, etc, STTI, with the accusative :
a l
I have been hanged
up for-the-purpose-of-making
a
(upon) rapid-journey (fleet travel* *)
to the dead (ghosts).

She whirled""^ (rolled) the thread in the distaff dat with

her fingers*", and east''"^ m ' (i
the threads (spun-threads) to
the ground (plain).
When (tirsdv) they have collected al P subJ (Ionic) at-Sais
(to or) for the (Ionic) sacrifices (Ionic)
The same may be the ground of the construction viroirrfji'ai
" to atvait an "
ru'i 1 ,
enemy, not to give ground :
al to await" 2
Tfie Athenians, having dared the Persians,

conquered them.
It-behoves those who-inhabit (inhabiting) a great city to
wish to await mid the
greatest calamities and not (p/) to obli-
terate their (the) high-character.

Hence those verbs'* take a dative which are compounded

with Trl and irpog, serving to mark more precisely the idea

"
1
It more commonly takes the accusative. Both constructions are
united in Eurip. Here. F. 1352 : Tats gems ox v<f>iffTarcu
ffvpQopais 7ctp
OuS' avSpbs c\i> Svvaiff vTroa-rrivai /Se'Xos." Matthite.
" These
verbs are often constructed with the accusative.
UpoaKvvtiv,
irpoffetiretv, trpoatytaveiv, irpoa-rrTvffcrcffOai, &c. govern ONLY the accusative ;
so that on the whole the idiom is to be carefully observed." Matthiae.
160 i
THIRD PART.

of the direction of an object, although these prepositions by

themselves in that sense govern the accusative.
A twofold affliction (damage) warred-against imff her.

a *
Having gone-out-against the Athenians.
We wait at-home (in abodes), having been eager for-a-

long-time (Tome) to touch (lay-hands-on^) food (corn}.

a ' the
They engaged-in very same acts.
A spirit of talking freely came upon me. (Say, The neut to
' m came-on mid. icith Attic reduplication,')
talk-freely (j>f.

me.}
They like to laugh-at the dead?'.

To apply (hold-forward) the mind to business (things').

To attack (cast-at) the wall.
To laugh-at any-one.
They were- friendly-with'" ^ Xerxes
1 art
as-they-had (having) ,

with them Onomacritus, an Athenian man, a seer, and an ar-

ranger of-the-prophecies (of prophecies t/ie) of Musaeus.

To be-like a man both by (according-to) nature ace and by-
behaviour (rightly).
So icith Kara, in mrayfXaw :

He went" 2 into the temple (fane) of Vulcan

ar
', and
a l the statue
much (many" 6 "' acc PI " the
laughed-at ). (Make
1
statue' one word.)

Even verbs, compounded with prepositions which never go-

vern a dative, take the dative tchen they express such a
direction TO an object.
a 2
Criminal (bad) strife invaded (came-to) the minds oftlic
thrice- wretched men dual dat .

When (At-ichat-time-soever) any-one is *"*'

near-thinking
 DATIVE. 161
-^ in
him a terror
that-he-is-going-to-die f(end), there comes-to
and a thoughtfulness about things concerning which* 6 " it had
not entered PluP mid mind before (hitherto)
(gone-info) into his
to think.

A kite ruled ""^ the Greeks* 6 " then and reigned""^ over
them. What 9 the Greeks ? Yes, and this kite, while
1
reigning, first taught" (fkowed-down) them to fall-down-
before the other kites. (A jocose sentence in Aristophanes.)

Otherwise verbs, compounded with prepositions which by

themselves require the dative, govern the dative, if the pre-

position may be separated from the verb imthout affecting

the sense.

Seeing-in his (the) countenance resoluteness (the reso-

lute n M <)
"
----
I superintended""^ the mountain flocks.

He took-the-votes-of a
the meeting. 1 l

He 2
cast around" your (Doric) hair p/ a prize.
" 2
They were-involved-in ( fell-about ; i. e.
fell among or
into, so as to be surrounded by) more and in greater evils.

To involve (cast-round) in the greatest calamities.

Infamy more (ace. neut. with art.) than praise attended
az
(stood-round-about ) us unjustly (not reasonably).

Send-with me one of your attendants.

Poverty always thrives-in (is nourished-ioith) Greece ""'.

To partake-with (participate) any-one of any thing.

1 " The construction from

seems to arise this, that eirul/wtyi&tv is the same
as -fyrifyov firayayeti' rivt. Thucydides uses it with ejj :
Eirtty-f](piti> <y T)JV

KKAij<n'af rS>v AaKeSai/jtovifav. Plato uses it

actively :
ETniJnj^ifeo' roi/s
irapovras." Matthia;.
162 THIRD PART.

This reference or respect TO a person or thing can pro-

perly take place only with verbs, because it is only admissible

in action ; but the dative often accompanies substantives
also which are derived from or allied to verbs governing the
dative.

Such ( Of-such-a-kind) is the gift (donation) of the Muses

to men.
Ye complain of how-many woes acc (cryings) Minos caused
al pl
(sent ) to you in-consequence-of (from) the aid ye gave
to Menelaiis*" (Attic).

In-consequence-of (From) the ancient enmity (spite * ) of

l

Mars to Cadmus.
Our (The of us) mission was a - m
(became) not by-way-of
ar '
(imto) contradiction to your (plural) allies, but for (about)
which 8 cn the
city sent" us.
'

purposes for
They resisted a z
(stood-over-against) the Mecle
dat
solely
for-the-sake-of the subjugation*"' of Greece to themselves^"'.
art art
Help (ace.) to friends in the war.

A likeness acc of this-^"1 city to the others.

acc
Those-who-find-fault-with ( The finding-fault-ioith ) the
advice (consultation) of Periander to Thrasybulus

" Mea
T7te dative expresses "from," someivhat as in Latin :

mihi ademerunt." It probably depends on irapa. "at the

side of," "by the side of," "from beside."

Thus then {consequently) having spoken" (uttered-a-

l

a m
voice) he received from him a brazen spear.
J

She received plup pas* a cup from the fair-cheeked Themis.

I take-away (take-front) from you fights and wars.
From whom can-I-hear (a. 1. opt. with di') at-any-time a
serviceable (advantageous) observation ?
Hear (K\V/JII) this from me, O offspring of Jove.
 DATIVE. 163

For-how-much may 5
I
buy"*' (redeem) from you the little-

pigs ? Say.
I will exact (seize-on
a * m an oath from the Trojans.
*"#)
You would obtain of a/pw with /ce) favor and
(a. 2. m. opt.

glory (repute) from the Trojans, and most (mostly} of (out-

of) all from king Alexander. .

He is
worthy of death from (i. e., at the hands of) the

city.
Achilles is
worthy of honor from us.
Take-a-blessing from me, O Patroclus, even in the house ?'

of Orcus (old form).

I am not able to hide" from (beside) you da 'Pl this evil.
l

He is worthy to meet-with (light-upon a 2 ) compassion

even from (beside) his enemies.

The verbs, to "follow" take a dative, which is governed

by avr, fiETO., ap.a, eiri.

I followed im Pf (poet, without

augment} with Hercules.
Neither does hunger company with (amidst) men who-
move-in-the-straight-path-of-justice.
With (Together-with) her (j/yf) followed""^ two attendants

(ministers).
The Medes followed'"1 ^ close-on Cyaxares
art
, and the
ar
Persians close-on Cyrus ', and the others close-on them.
Follow me. I will follow you.

The night messenger succeeds-to the day messenger.

So substantives, adjectives, and adverbs, derived from these
verbs, take a dative:
The-one saying P{ nothing agreeing-with (following-on-
with) the-other (flarcpoe)
Consequently-upon these things
l64> THIRD PART.

The masc wind which is next-to the Caecias is called Boreas.

One evil successory to another evil

There comes (arrives) a succession to the former watch.

Hither may be referred the following constructions :

Storm upon (or, succeeding to) storm would bear (opt.

with Kev) me hither-and-thither.
You would see (see-to : a. 2. opt with civ) one (another)

rushing (oppevoc for opopevos) upon another towards the

bank acc of the western God.
Murder upon murder has destroyed" (ruined) the *
house.
Murder upon murder, and pangs upon pangs.

Various other verbs take a dative, governed by <rvv, c.

We talked tfP ass (debated: with the change of the redu-

plication into ct) with one-another a little time aec.

One (The) speaking (prating} to himself.
Reconciled al pfem (Conciliated) to you.
The good women mixed ^ art
with the bad
Let the earth be mixed (a. 1. imperative) with fire.
dual
They ( The) strive with one-another.

The Greeks fight even with the immortals.

wage-war with
1
I the Trojans on-account-of-Helen *".
A procrastinator struggles with losses.
They assert that this neut only acc, namely a just and good
judgment (opinion) vies inf ivith life itself (i, e., is as great
a good as life itself).
To go-to-law with any-one.

1 " is constructed with the accusative also in the sense of, To

no\e/uLttv
attack." Matthiae.
 DATIVE. 165

To box with any-one.

We assert that ice alone'""" enclangered-ourselves"
1 "^ with
dat
the barbarian at Marathon .

The words "an army, fleet, soldiers, ships, fyc." are gene-
a dative only, without avv or cijua, when
rally accompanied by

they constitute an accompaniment.

When ( When-indeed) the Athenians had gone ?l"P P"SS (come-

from : Ionic form) with twenty ships. . .

(Here however tv

may be understood.}
The Jonians, having come a 2 m (come-from :
Ionic) with
7"' ace 02
this" fleet
Ephesusto left (left-down) their vessels at
,

"
(in) Coressus, a place of the Ephesian-^ territory, but they
1

im tf
themselves went-up (mounted) the country with a large
force (hand).
The Lacedaemonians succoured" the Dorians with 1500 '

(Jive-hundred and thousand) heavy-armed-men of their-own

(themselves), and ten-thousand of the allies.
a 2
Having made-an-attack on (into) Eleusis with an army
of Peloponnesians
Two-hundred triremes having sailed" J
to Egypt
acc
were
lost" 2 with the crews themselves.

In-case any-one of the Egyptians should touch" **'

'

a he-then-is- a '

(touch-slightly) sow, wont-to-dip (aTrogcinrw ;

separating the verb from the preposition by &v, the Ionic of
ovv) himself with his very garments.
" '
Having shut-up-together (shut-in-togetJier) the children
and the wives (women) of the citizens in (into) the docks, he
had""/^ them ready to burn" l

(burn-under) together icith the

docks themselves.
166 THIRD PART.

The verb " / use," takes a dative. l

-)(pa.op.ai,

If-you-take ( Using") my advice p', you will not. be cruel

towards your ill-fated boy.

They use throwings of stones against (towards) one-

another acc .
I know (am-familiar-with) how to be acquainted-with
friends who-do-not-endeavour to act-unjustly.
This man, having-snatched" your letters from my hands,
l

does not-in-any-way wish to practise (use) justice " (right).

The origin of this construction is not clear. Matthice
"
thinks it may be referred to the case of the " mean or " in-
strument," of which more presently. Unless, he says, the
dative in this case also marks an ACCOMPANIMENT, for
Sophocles joins avv with it : Antig. 24. :
EreojcXe'a p.ei>, we Xeyoufft,avv diKr]
Kal v6}iu), Kara. ^
r T

But here the construction may be, ^prftrdelQ (Ereo/jXei)

<Sfe.Possibly xpao^ieu is for ^tpao/xat, from x 'P> X P^-'
means " / apply hand TO." my

Verbs passive take a dative, governed by viro.

Instructed^ under a good instructor.
A son educated^'unde^ (or by) his (the) father.
2
So they dMa subdued 02 by two (cioioc) brothers went
*

(the)
occ
(journeyed) to Erebus
.

He is guarded by attendants (waiters).

The good things which you promised""^ to do fui have
been executedXJy you.

1
It takes an accusative very rarely.
 DATIVE. 167
So verbals in reoc :

This is clear, that, if

(if-altoaether) you wish (are-inclined :
Attic) to be respected, you-must-help-the-city (the city must-
dat
be-helped you ).
01"'
Greece must-not-be-overlooked by them while it is

being destroyed (utterly-perishing}.

When the verbal is in the neuter, i. K. ends in TEOV, the no-
minative changed into the case of the verb, as in Latin*
is

Cicero " Lu-

: Via, quam nobis quoque ingrediendum. sit.
" JEternas
cretius :
quoniam pcenas in morte timendum"
These things must-be-done by youK
The person is frequently omitted :
( Observe that from this to the end of the rule the words
" c. are to be looked for in
to-be-desired," to-be-undertaken,"
the Index under TO.)
'
en
Peace is to-be-desired.
The work d<" is to-be-undertaken.
Virtue arl is to-be-cultivated.
Prudence is to-be-pursued and to-be-cultivated, and licen-
tiousness is to-be-fled.

Tea, the neuter plural, is often used for TIOV

But we-must-assist (to-be-assisted) in haste.
Even the dregs are to-be-drunk.
The folloiving construction is totally opposite to the
above :

We**"' are (is) never (not not-ever) to-be-worsted by ^

women**". (Properly, it is not at any time to be worsted to us

by women.}
Wfien the verbal has a neuter sense, tJte
person is put in
tJie accusative. In this case the verbal has the construction

ofxprj with the infinitive :

Those- who-have (The having"} understanding (w?zc/)are-

 168 THIRD PART.

not-to-serve (ov ^ouXeureov) those- who-think daf (the reflect-

ing : which is governed by ov\uw) thus ill.

Neither (Not-and) sheep acc pl nor (not-and) any (none)
other thing in-any-way can-live (to-be-lived) without a shep-
herd, neither indeed (in-fact) boys without certain tutors,
neither slaves (bondmen) without lords.

The dative is used to

" a mean or instrument" l
It
express
is governed by sometimes expressed.
tv, viro, fyc.
al /ifm
Having seen (beheld) you with (in) my eyes
-

That the Gods send you, is clear by (in) these celestial

signs.
He was bound tf by (in) a happy necessity.
2
They died" by the heat.

Him(The) he struck
imvt
(shoved ; without augment) with
his sceptre, and upbraided'" ^ (without augment) with this 1

speech (fable).
To (mark) with the two eyes <*""'.
see
art
Cyrus was building-the-wall by means of the workmen
who-were-present (present).
Motions made with the body.
The art
shooting with darts .

1 "
The dative marks properly the immediate and near instrument ; 8ii
with the genitive the more remote ; by which the use of the former is ad.
milled. The chief passage is Plal. Theael. p. 139 :
S/cifrrei, aw6Kpuris irorfpa

opBorepa' y 6pS>fJ,ty, TOVTO elvai o<J>0aA/tious, fy Si ov bpafitv KaL > aKOvo/uev,

WTO, 7j 8i' ov aicovo/j.ev ;

0EAI. Ai' Siv tKcuna, ai<r6av6/Jif6a, e/j.otye SoKft, u
^(aKparts, /iSAAoj' ?? ofs. 2H. Afivbv yap irov, > TTCU, t iroA.Aoi rives ff

itl-iiv, amrfp ev Sovptlois "inrois, aiffB^crtis fjKa.drivra.1, aAAo yu^ fis fj.'iav rivit

i'Se'av, fire iftvx))i>, efre & 8e? Ka\t'iv l navra. TOUTO ^WTe'ivti, rj 8ia TOVTUV, diov

opydvw, a.urOav6[j.(Qa Saa a.ur6i]ra.." Alalthias. In St. Mallh. i. 22. we

V
have rb faOtv 'TIIO TOV Kvptov AIA TOV
 DATIVE. 169
To infer from the things which were before granted &.
The Scythians make-divinations by the help of many wil-
low rods.
To judge-of (weigh) any thing by any thing.

The dative* expresses the cause proceeding from an affec-

tion or disposition of the mind as the motive of an action.
I speak (speak-out) from good-will.
From motives of fear ?' I released " * m (loosed-from) him.
Melitus seems to have written alm this ar' accusation

(writing) from a spirit of insolence and wantonness and

youthful-indiscretion (youtJtfulness).
&
He thought im (regarded) that those, who were not (/x/)

present **, were-absent'7^ from a certain want-of-self-com-

mand, or from injustice, or from indifference.
The Poets often add ap^l or irepi :

From-motives-of (About) long-conceived (primitive) dread

I shudder to speak" '.
From-a-feeling-of (Round) indignation.
The *' of the boar
spirit in (Poet.) the breast rages through-
a-conscious-feeling-of (about) powerfulness.

The dative expresses also every external cause.

Elated by riches (resources) or honors or elegance (come-

liness) of body

v " Here also the dative expresses the nearer, Sick with the accusative the
more remote motive. Thucyd. : O< AcuceSoi/u^vioi avOtvda ffw^dfruv 5ict rr,i-

airSSeiav inrf^tapovv." Mattlux.

Gr. Ex. I
170 THIRD PART.

Puffed-up^ by (upon) birth, elated*^ by (upon) wealth,

and inflated & by (upon) power (ability)
He was in-no-way pleased""^ with the Scythian manner-
of-living.
And he said 08 (affirmed) that he was not any-longer
contented in* with these things alone. (Express "and not"
by ovSl.)

Fearing the Athenians on account of what-had-been-done

(the* done &).
1

The Athenians have rushed &*""* (hurried)against (upon)

us acc w ith
a great (much) armament, nominally indeed on
account of the alliance of the Egestseans, and with a view to
the re-establishment of the Leontines, but in-truth (the

true neut ) from a desire (lust) of obtaining Sicily *m .

Weare not insolent on account of our successes (well-

doings). (" To be insolent" is eupt'iv.)

No-one of our fathers was rejected (driven-out : pf with
redupl.) on account of either (not-and) weakness or (neither)
pf on account
poverty, or (neither) was respected of the things
opposite to these, as (just-as) in other cities.

You who have been so-long admired""?-'' through (down-

art
in) Greece (accus.) for your (the) knowledge of our (the)
language and for your (the) imitation of our (the) manners
(turns-of-mind)
I wonder at your (the) shutting of the gates against
rae een .
The Thessalians were admired im*f
for (upon) their horse-

manship and wealth.

The Lacedaemonians justly (reasonably) are-glad on ac-
count of you (i. e., are pleased
with you).
l ffl
Having admired" (marvelled-at) the deed
 DATIVE. 171

behoves us not (p/) to covet great gen things, but to

It

acquiesce-in our (the) present circumstances.

1

The king of Asia or/, not being-contented-with the good

things which-belonged (present) to him, but hoping to

enslave^ mid Europe art also, sent-off* 1
(commissioned) an
army 500,000-strong (fifty ten-thousands).
mid with
They are-contented (acquiesce-in ) (upon) the gifts
s en
given by the people (concourse).
Soldiers, (Men soldiers) do not wonder that I am-ag-
grieved about the present affairs.
The city of the Lacedaemonians being-aggrieved about
(upon) the siege. . . .

He took- ill al none of the things which-had-been-written

(written tf).
He is-very-grieved at (upon) the things said by you
en
.

I-should-have-done-him-injustice (impf. ofatiiKetii tvith av),

if-I-had-not-been-aggrieved (not being-very-grieved) at his
(the) death.
Ashamed pl at the things done &.
In the hands (palms) of an expert workman, who is-well-

skilled (tv &/) in all wisdom**" through the suggestions

(hints) of Minerva
Cadmus killed 01 (ruined) the dragon through the skill

fl of Minerva.
(discretion )
To report (say) any thing from hearsay.

The dative expresses the hind and manner of an action

"
To escape
2
(fly-through) by violence.
Cyrus
ort
did ""^ this with care (carefulness).

" am
Sr^ryw and ayavdu,
1
I acquiesce in, contented with," take also an
accusative.

I 2
17*2 THIRD PART.
* 01
Say (Remark) with what right do these, having bound
dal
(bound-thoroughly) your hands with cords drag (lead) ,

you and your boy ?

Doing all things with justice (right).
The Athenians went""s^ m<d (went-on) in a run towards the
barbarians.
'

In a public Jem manner.

In a private /km (peculiar) manner.
O n-foot. (Pedestrian
f
*.)
In neut
reality (the being ).

If any-one thinks (imagines) to do-*" any thing either

w&A justice (the just) or tmYfc violence
Entirely. (Some entire matcdat. That is, In a certain
entire manner.)
Entirely. (The entire*01 *l.)

Hence perhaps y in verbs of punishing, the punishment is

in the dative :
To punish (fine) any-one with death or banishment.
The Athenians fined him a thousand drachmas.
'

The dative often signifies " with respect to."

Swift with respect to the feet.
I am still the same with respect to the measure.
art
Having-despotic-power with respect to dominion (li-

cence), but heading-a-republic

with respect to benefits "^

conferred by him.
To be-forward in injustice.
To- excel in intellect.

With-respect-to (In) a long old-age, he coincides with

this man 00 '.
 ACCUSATIVE. 173
The dative expresses the relation of the measure* degree,

fyc. with the comparative and superlative.

By- far the best of men. (Ei> seems understood.)

More (ace. neut. pi. contracted) by some little (brief).
Older by a year.
Eretria has been now reduced-to--slavery p/ and Greece ar ;

1"*
has become^" weaker a
by considerable city (i. e. has lost
one, and has become so much weaker).
Semiramis was-born a 2
five generations (Ionic) before
a)"'
Nitocris (genitive).

The dative put in definitions of time and place,

is n
answer to When ? and Where ? and is governed by tv
2
Fatality leads my sister to die" on this day.

His (The of him) sons beheld" 2 in the same day both the
preservation of themselves and the punishment of their (the)
enemies.
This day I have been released^**"* (liberated) from
fear*"1.
The sixtieth year after the taking""* of Ilium

The Thasians being now besieged the third year ace. . . .

That Sinope acc which-is (the) in the Euxine Sea

2 art
I beheld" in
Tyre another temple (fane) of Hercules.
When we were at Marathon
The trophies which-are (the) at Marathon, and Salamis,
and Plataea

Of verbs which take an Accusative, the following are the

most striking.
"
I have often wondered" by what (Add,
1
at-any-time ")
i 3
174 THIRD PART.
dat
those-who-accused a m '
arguments (the having written )
Socrates persuaded" l
the Athenians 000 that he was ?' worthy
of death. (So Ennius : Quis TE persuasit 9)
m to thel
asked" '.
They replied" thing
I have not any thing, Socrates O a ' m
( Socrates), to reply
to (towards) that which you ask.

He insulted" (i. e., treated with insult) me. ( Or

'
u/3pt'w
is, I do an insult to ; eg or Trepi being understood.)

The Syrians thought"**^ fish

art
to be Gods, and did not
""^ to
permit any injure (i. e^ act unjustly towards, tie or
TTEpl being understood) them, neither doves " cc (art.).
^Several verbs signifying to "profit, assist, injure" take
"
an accusative : as in Latin, " adjuvo, Icedo :
Do not assist mortals out-of m.
(fj.fi) (beyond) season
01
If at-any-time you have profited (or gratified) the
heart of Jove either in word rf<rt
(observation) only or (Poet.)
also in deed
To die" 2 zdual
ingloriously, having received" (taken) an
acc
honorable reputation (mention), boots us l
nothing ,
neither

advantages it us.

You not hurt?' me more (greater: acc.pl. neut. con-

will

tracted) than yourselves.

"
ApeiGofiai, I remunerate a person," takes an accusative :
I wish to remunerate " * you with the kind-service dat of my

hands.
It shoitld mean, I pay back a thing TO a person. Etg or

Trepi seems understood.

To pay-back the benefits of the Gods.
" / answer," takes an accusative :
Ap,dofj.ai,
im tf
Hippias answered him, that fyc. ( That is, irpos, fyc.)

1
Unless, says Matthias, 7i/j.as is
governed by firu<l>e\ei. But this it
harsh.
 ACCUSATIVE. 175

Other similar verbs take an accusative :

ar<
I will avenge-myself-on""'** (i.e. avenge for myself) my
murderer.
a m
(punished) the blood of
J
I avenged my father.

The Medes and Egyptians attended-him-as-spear-bearers,

as he was marching acc through Thrace (gen.). (Perhaps
6""'

a participle is understood, as Trtprovree.)

Pausanias \vas-guardian-to imff Pleistarchus. (Here tvi-

TpotTEVdt is the same as tirirpoiroQ ei/it,

but takes the con-
struction of a transitive verb. So coXa/cevw is Ko\a EI/J.I,
but
takes the transitive construction '
. / act to another as a

flatterer.)
What is more delightful than to flatter no-man (not-any-
one of men), either (not-either) Greek or (not-either) bar-
barian, on-account-of gain (reward) ?
Fathers art provide-for their (the) children *"*, in-order-that
07 "'
good things may never (not-at-any-time) be-\vanting-
fut indie
io (i .,fail, leave) them.
I am consulting in-what-way I may fly-a\vay-from
subj
you.
2
( That is, flee you far from you.)
When m
(fought-off) this ....
J
(-4*) they declined
I am-ashamed-of my (the of myself') calamities. (Perhaps
KEpl is understood ; or bpuv fyc.)

Respect your (the) parents and have-a-sense-of-shame-for

(i. e., reverence) your (the) friends.
They reverence nothing so-much (so-greatly) as their-
rulers (the-ruling? 1 ).

Many neuter verbs take an accusative, governed by

Sfc. ; or by irepi :

1
Plutarch has the dative after it.

8
Virgil, G. 3. 499: " Victor equus/owtes avertitur."
 176 THIRD PART.

Who would rejoice

1 "&
(^Eolic with av) at these things?
I rejoice-at your-success (you succeeding).
Fear-not (take-courage-with-regard-to) the hand of an old-

man.
He boldly-dared
1
the way.
If any men salute (respect*) you, salute-them-in-return, in-.

order-that (to-the-end-that) they may not-fear (take-courage-

a !
with-regard to "**) you.
We go-over Greece
art
(ace.), desponding
and wandering,
displeased
'
(taking-ill) with every-dwelling-place (all the

dwelling-places).
Ill-disposed to (about) the sciences.
All which things beholding (inspecting) I was-displeased l

(took-ill).

Sfc., Xeyw, of
7ro>, fyc., take an accusative 2

the person or thing to whom or of whom any thing good or bad

is done or said. This accusative is governed by Trcpt, irpoe,
tig, fyc.

Do not (fir))
do (imperative) ill towards (or to) the dead PI

(pf. part, of SvriffKd)).

They do well to their (the) friends.

The servants (domestics) did " J

to the horse as he or-
dered""^.

2 A dative is often used. Horn. Od. f, 289 : *Oy 8^ iroXAA '

oa>6p<S>-
iroiffiv
fdpyet. Where the construction may be :
edpyei iro\\k (6ma) Koxk
avOpdhrouri. So Isocrates
MrjSev ayaffbv iroijffas rp v6\fi : i. e. /Mj8< (bv)
:

yaObv ry ir6\ei. This may be

the foundation of the construction in other
" " " "
ases, where the adjectives good and bad are not used, but are under-
tood. Plato : Tavra Korfiffca Kal |ei/^ KCU curry.
 ACCUSATIVE. 177

Is-it-not-my-duty (appertains not me dat ) to do-well to my-

own (the of myself ) city?
To do-ill to the territory of the king.
To act-ill to one's (the) friends.
To do-hurt-to the city.

They (The) have never (never-at-any-time) desisted impf mia

" 1

from doing" many evils to us.

The good things which you promised
im & to do-'"
1" to

us. ...
art
Doing?' (Working) the greatest evils to cities and to
ar '
individuals
I could (opt. of Ivvapai with av) not either (not-and)

speak well of or (not-and) do well to one-who-endeavoured

annoy me in word
da '
(the endeavouring) to and in deed.
The good speak ill
of the bad.
And do you be (eWo) courageous, that (to-the-end-that)
some-one of your posterity may speak a 2 *"*>
(remark) \f ell

e.
of you (i. praise ycu).
We wish (are-inclined) to speak-well-of a '

(z.
e.
celebrate)
our (#/te of us)
fathers.

He-who-speaks-badly-of (Tlie speaking-badly-of) father

or mother, let him die (end: imperative).

And then Ajax said" 2 (remarked) to Menelaiis.

He ( The) says (says-among : poet.) to him.
Do you say these (raurt, which is the Attic) things to
your (the) commander, you being a beggar as you are ?
You have said (said-out a l ) many things of me to many
acc
,

that (how-that) I rule rashly (rash fem ) and beyond what-is-

just (right) insulting both you and yours (the your """&).
As actors ar ', when (with dv postftxed) in tragedies 01"' they

sa yfV the worst things to (or of) one-another.

i 5
178 THIRD PART.
I bid " Venus farewell 1

your
-

(to fareivell). (That is, I

wish to have nothing to do with her.)

Many verbs, besides those in the last Rule, take two

satives, one of which is governed by irpog, trapa, vepl, Kara.,

ee, fyc. These accusatives are SINGLY found placed after the
verbs. *

He 2 m all in the house after (or for)

made-enquiries" of
the boy.
ar '
Cyrus asked imtfof the deserters questions (the"*"*
pl
) ap-
pertaining-to (from) the enemy?'.
Cambyses begged"
71 *^
0/*Amasis 7m daughter in marriage.
To beg of the people some body-guards.
To exact (i. e. require) of Augeas insolent wages (re-

ward).
l fem such (so-great) a quantity of mo-
Having extorted"
ne yar/ (riches) from the allies

They collected""^ (collected-from) tribute ^ from those-

who-sailed-down (the sailing-down).

Nor take-away (subtract) from him the girl.
He 02 *
(took-from) the breath from my-only
1

took-away
(the to me only) and dear boy.
Jove took-away""^ (took-away-from) boasting from
Teucer.
Let not (/ij))
that (that-at-least) man come * "**
(arrive),
who (ivhoever) shall spoil you of your possessions.
He robbed" m us dual of all our wages (reward).
'

His (The) three daughters bereaved" (desolated) him 1

(the) of some (a part) of his joy-of-heart.

1 The datiw also used with

is Aeyw \aifttv.
 ACCUSATIVE. 179

They spoiled^ (despoiled} the Goddesses of the garlands.

They attempt (have-in-hand) to deprive us of this terri-
nrt
.
tory
He dispossessed" those-who-have (having) the Olympian
'

houses of the very-glorious honor of sacrifices.

Long (Much) life teaches me many things.

ar '

A big boy, who-had (having) a small tunic, after-he-had-

stripped (a. 1. part, of exrSuw) another boy who was little,
that-had (having*) a large (great) tunic, of it, put- round a *
him his-own (the of himself), but himself put-on * (entered-
in) his (the of him).
It is not just, father, to hide your misfortunes (bad-

doings) from friends and still more than friends. ("And

"
still in one word).
l
It behoves you to hide" nothing (not-one) from (towards)
us.

I do not charge-with-blame the Gods for these things

(or, charge these things to them).
I will remind p' the you of dangers incurred-by-your-an-
cestors (of the ancestors the your).
The divine Achilles commanded im& (called-to) his com-
dat !
panions to place" (make-to-stand) a great tripod about
(round) a fire rf<", in-order-that (witk-the-view-that) they
PI
might wash-off"
'

(JEolic) from Patroclus the bloody

(sanguinary) gore.
Who will there be who-will-hinder (6 with part. fut. cf
nriKwXvti), in one word) me in regard to these things ?

He did not persuade""^ the Phocaeans about this.

The majority (Ionic) were not persuaded im f
about the
P
things that were reported
J
(announced-from).
He revenged a l m on Neleus
(Ionic) the unseemly deed.
i 6
180 THIRD PART.
We imagined'" ^ that we had confuted"
1 l inf
ourselves in
this matter.

He urged-on""^ the others by such neu/ words as these.

By which neut (which-altogether) thing particularly the

Egestaeans terrify us.

In these and such other neut words they eulogize justice.
It is best (most-powerful) for me to require-him-to-give-
an-answer to these things.

The Lacedaemonians invite (challenge) us to a treaty pl acc

,

and to atermination (breaking-up) of the war.

Do not (/ui?) compel me to this.
Sometimes the accusative of the person does not appear
They resist dual (stretch-against), being incensed (very-
grieved) as being driven (compelled) to dreadful and illegal
acts.
"""
They used **&
dat aec
the spring for the most-important
neut
most ) purposes ; and it is-customary still
(worthy of to

use the water** both for matrimonial and for (towards)

other-sacred-purposes.
Let us use 01 """*-' this survey
art
to this neut end (or pur-
pose.)
I know (have) not what (what-any) I shall do-with ' m "^

him*".
acc neut
But the purposes for (upon) which any-one would
use (a. 1. m.
opt. with av) such a wild-animal*". . . .

Nor did the stuffings protect" 2 them from the bow-

shots.
2
divided (split) themselves into
They six divisions.

The city was classed^ in (according-to) three divisions

(sorts).
Xerxes art having divided " ' m all the foot-soldiers into
,

three divisions. .
 ACCUSATIVE. 181

Cyrus
art
distributed 01 (Karave'/uw) the army into twelve

parts.
Instead of the last construction, the whole is
put in the

genitive, and the parts referred immediately to the verb :

2 acc
Having made (split) two divisions of all the

Lydians. . .
( That is, Having divided all the Lydians into

two divisions. Perhaps ec is understood.)

Let the whole number be divided into two parts. (Say,
Two parts of the whole number be distinguished .)
l

We have distinguished the art of imagery into two kinds.

We have split" z m two the art-of-imagery.)
(Say, forms of
The Persians were divided into twelve tribes. (Say,
Twelve tff a!a
tribes of Persians were split .)

HoilofjLat
J
takes two accusatives :
mid the working of iron ar/ a wonder.
Thinking (Making )
mid the thoughtlessness of Eurybiades
Thinking (Making ?')
a wonder. (Put these words in the Ionic dialect.)

He pillaged (made
impf mid
-

booty) the territory by means of

dat
his incursions .

seized J m the furniture and

Having (made" seizure)
slaves.
" m pl acc the neut
Having made
l acc
affairs respecting Pylos a
1
matter-of-settlement (treaty? ). (That is, Having settled

them. 2 )

Two accusatives are used, when one of them is connected

in derivation with the verb. This is governed by Kara, fyc.

1 " The which with the simple verb would have been
object of this verb,

in the accusative, properly in the circumlocution put in the genitive.

is It

is sometimes however in the accusative ; provided the circumlocution answers

in signification to a verb active."
its Matthias.
* "
Euripides uses anrfvSofJMi in the sense of making up." Med. 1137:
2e Kal ir6<nv a^v VZIKOS tcrireiffOcu rb irpiv.
 THIRD PART.

Whom Jupiter loved

im & with manifold (of-all-kind) affec-
tion.

Neither do I hate (dislike) you with so-much dislike as

/ do them.
"
They made
*
all the soldiers swear the greatest oaths.
"
(" I make swear is bpKow,
w<rw.)
He gives (poet.) two infants (brats) to a shepherd to

feed (nourish) by some such nourishment as this.

The Phocian war, having been #" mW (become) of-ten -years'-
duration, instructed" them by an ever-to-be-remembered
instruction.

At-the-order-of-Xerxes, they branded ""^ the greater- part

of them with royal (Ionic) brands.

Agamemnon marries me with a more calamitous marriage

than Helen's.
The accusative is sometimes connected in sense, not in de-
rivation :

Agamemnon forcibly marries Cassandra in-a-clandestine-

manner (clandestine bed dat ).

The Poets frequently Join two accusatives, rohere one of

them would be properly the genitive.
1 m
Son, why do you cry? what sadness has come" (IKVEO-

fiai) to your-mind ?
" 2
Trembling seized (came-under) the limbs of the Tro-
jans.
His spirit left
2
his (him) bones.
Down p/ covered impf
(roofed : without augment) his (him)
black chin.
dua
Having bound
l
(joined-in) the joints of his (him) feet ',

he threw a l
(hurled) him by the hands dat
of others on (into)
an unfrequented mountain.
 ACCUSATIVE. 183
He was lopping the young twigs of a wild-fig-tree.
" Kara is
usually supplied with these accusatives : Ti iriv-

QOQ "iKtro are KATA typlvae ; But this explanation does not
suit all passages ; and sometimes makes the expression stiff
and awkward. It is much more probable that this con-
struction is to be explained by a kind of APPOSITION, by
means of which the whole is more accurately defined by the
addition of the part" Matthias.

" call or
Lastly ; the verbs to name, make, choose," take
two accusatives, as in Latin.
Whom The) Hector called & (Poet.
im
. . .
( : without aug-
art
ment) Scamandrius, but (on-the-other-hand) others called

Astyanax.
Let not (jp\) the son-of- Saturn make" '
"**
(^Eolic) you
king in Ithaca.
mid him commander
They choose (governor) of the expedi-
tion against (towards) the Medes.
TJiese verbs frequently add eivai *
:

They call (name) the man a sophist.

As-soon-as (As-soon-as-ever) these rivers mix-toge-
ther" 'py
(Ionic), the Peneus, overpowering the rest by
its
(the) name**"', makes the others nameless.
2 m
They chose" him as an ally.
In the construction of the verb to call" the predicate i "

sometimes the neuter singular of a pronoun, although the

proper object of the verb be masculine or plural :

what we call (address-to) him.
This"*"* is

What other thing do you call the person-who-knows how

to ask and to reply, than a dialectician ?

1 " From which " it does not follow that thi&

however," says Matthias,
word is to be supplied where it does not
appear,"
l&l THIRD PART.
1
What do TOO mean-by (toy) the best* ?
What do the people in the other-*- eerie* call (address-to)

the raters (rw/u*^) ?

_____ to -- ---- on
seems afftota
__ __
: mm
Tefl** (Remark) me Ae name which (*M*-e<er) both
jpvr mother and jpmrr father called *' yon.

l?jr what name*" ought-we to cafl you ?

JBy what (of-r*at-ki*d) name*" does Ait &tker call
'

They call me by this name 1** (art.}.

Tkt person or tUmy named is sometimes at At* ease at tie

datirt.-

We hare called* '

the name of Aese safeguards*-' (art.)

To die dominion (empire) of tost, irratiocallT drawing**"

ms to "" and 1
in as, fibe wone
(pnt) pleasures ruling*
lv
outrageoasness has been applied* (rii "lyivea />:
MtMefo'X
/^

They asserted" fftof the altars-' were*r a reroge /r

involuntary
"**
ofienees***; and oktf Ae erpretaom trans-
gressMMi-of-the-laws*^ was applied* ^^(jMOMef) to (poii>
those-who-ofiended (lie iorf*") unnecessarilr, awl oVrt r/
ecu not applied to (*pon) those- who-ventured (lie karu><f
dared* ') to commit a"* (o*>) cruBe from-being-forced-

to-it-by OMK) their (lie) calamities.

To this we have 1 -
dwelling-together** given* (placed)
ate name city **.

To which 1'
assemblage they give" Qdoce) lie MOM man
and stone and each animal and form.
 ACCUSATIVE. 185

Fhe construction of the verbs to "make" mentioned in

the last Rule, is admitted in other verbs

Want " teaches a man to be wise.

Teach these boys for me to be (i. e. Atrre elvcu) such as

(just-as) you are.

Themistocles had his (the) son taught to be a. good rider

" "
(For hod taught put tcica^aro.)
He attempted ""^ to instruct* 1 and edu-
(set-hand-to)
cate" '
him & king worthy of the empire.
to be

Instructed''' so that we are too-simple to-despise (the over-

sight **". i. e. than to despise) the laws'**.

He grew-up"
lf'so as to become great.

Accusatives following verbs of the same derivation or of a

kindred signification have been seen above. Others are now
added.
Where are-vanished the threats which (the) the sons (vie)
of the Greeks made (threatened'***) to the Trojans ?
He utters (imprecates) most unholy imprecations on his
children*"*.

Men"" doing compulsory or voluntary deeds (actions) . . .

He is-inclined to send (send-away-from) delegates.

They fought**'
8''
a battle by-the-side-of the swift (Ionic)
ships
* (Ionic).
Whoever ( Who) shall give (a. 1. subj.offiovXww with v)
the best counsel

He is-ill with a violent (wild) malady ***.

How (of-what-hind rising-up
ace aee
) do you suppose then
!** then rose (stood'" * "^) from sleep when-they-went ?
These circumstances shall not-in-any-way assist (defend
him*" in-preventing-him-frcm-falling in-a-manner
not-to-be-borne.
186 THIRD PART.
He olm from
the ship nimbly (nimble leap').
leapt-out
She shall be thrown *"**"' (thrown-like-a-quoit a leap-
acc
ing ) from-a-rock (rocky).
a *fem
Having beheld you for-the-last-time (completely-last
view occ )
a acc
They rushed
l
(darted) dreadfully (dreadful course )
00
upon each-other *.

I fall-down-to " in a kneeling posture acc P1.

you
I have seen 02
(looked-down) you lamenting (groaning I*)
the departure of-Hercules (Herculean) sadly (all-wailing
mournings").
The Lacedaemonians after these acc things 01 what-is-
waged
maK
called (the called) the holy war.
8" ofc
Being besieged by informers* (art.) in-a-manner(^'ere )
not-at-all neut MC
than that (ihe fem en ) by enemies.
(none ) less
acc
They attend-to the matter with every attention .
So the accusative is put with adjectives :
B a(j acc p< altogether (all badness
acc
).

He-who-is (The) in-truth a tyrant is in-truth a slave to

the greatest flatteries acc and slaveries.

Adjectives, derived from verbs active and retaining an

active sense, sometimes take the accusative.

Conscious-of acc many crimes (evils).

art
Hope drives-away pain which-consumes the mind
(understanding).
No-one of the immortals is able-to-fly thee.

He said *
not easy at (in) the present nuuc
that it was ''

time either (not-and) to confess or (not-and) to deny (to be

denier* *) the things asked.
art
Cyrus , taking-notice that the soldiers were each skilled-
 ACCUSATIVE. 187

in the things that-appertained (appertaining) to their-own

(the of themselves) system-of-arming

ar '
Well-skilled in such matters.

Several Greek intransitive verbs are used by the Poets as

transitives.

Which-way having put-forward (urged* ') my foot may I

be filled-full
* mbi of flesh en P l and bones ?
2
Having put- forward his right foot (member)

They (Tot) made""^ baths to simmer by means of fire 6*"'.

" / make to simmer" No
(Zt'w, augment?)
The sun makes these his chariots to shine on (down-on)
the earth ". " I make to
(Aa/iirw, shine")
He made-to-flow' mp/ libations to his dead father.
You urge-forward (hasten) ^S
This last is used in prose :

Leave-off" ' m (Desist) urging-on (hastening) the matters

which (the) you are about (urging-on.)
The following may be classed under this head :

To call-out-to any-one.

They were zealous-for 'mtf the oligarchy.

"
With /3\7Tiv, " to look (intransitive), the expression of
the look is often marked by a substantive in the accusative in

:
poetry
To look fearful (fear acc ).
To look martial (Mars).
A dragon looking- up with-a-murderous-fiery-look (a
murderous flame)
So VIKQV "to conquer," (intrans.) takes the accusative,
which however may be governed by Kara, c. :

The Lacedaemonians in the-war (the war the) with (against)

188 THIRD PART.
the Barbarians " were *
leaders of all the Greeks,
appointed"
for- that they had been worsted" ' '"^ in no (not-one) battle,
but had conquered tfW in all.

To conquer in the contests in-\vhich-crowns-\vere-given.

He conquered
m& in all things.
Having conquered #"*" at the Olympian
neut
games .....
the son of im& atthe Isthmian neut
Diophon Philo conquered
games in leaping, in swiftness-of-foot (Ionic), in the quoit,
in the javelin, in wrestling. 1
" to be concealed" takes an accusative in the
Aavddveiv,
sense of " to be concealed from," " to escape the notice of:
"

If any man hopes (counts-upori) when doing (tpciiw) any

thing to escape-the-notice-of^"' God, he is-mistaken.
The middle verbs " to strike one's
rvirreadai, KO-irreadai,

self," take an accusative in the sense of " to strike one's self

for, to bewail," like Plangi in Latin :

When (Jf-consequently) the Egyptians bewail
*"*> the God

who is not named by me**", then they bring-out the cow.

I hid " '
the dead man in my robes and bewailed a l m
" and bewailed " one
(beat-upon) him. (Make word.)
" / an " I
A\Vw, err," takes accusative, in the sense of,
"
err against, I offend against :

2
Amphitryo greatly offended-against" the immortals.
To offend-again st " * m the immortals who possess wide
heaven.
Lest he should kill" * "**
(kill-entirely : JEolic form) him,
and offend-against a 2 "^ m the behests of Jove.

So evfft^fd), aai&itj), are used with an accusative of the

thing, etc or Trpoe being understood

Let there be (torwv) indictments against these ge as
",

The dative is
very frequently used. Isocrates : El TIS fyua>j/"innn vevi-
(t> OATMniA2IN.
 ACCUSATIVE. 189
"
messages and commandments of Mer-
'
having violated the

cury and Jove.

In later writers these verbs take an accusative of the

person.
In poetry the verbs to " an
stand, sit," take accusative of
the place :

O lady, who sittest in the palace

** of Thetis
Phoebus sitting on a tripod
An arrow near (sittina-at) the heart
Stand"* some-''8 '" (the indeed) of you in this public-road

(cart-road), and-others (but the) in another road.

In prose these accusatives follow prepositions :
They sit at (upon) the altar acc .
8 en ? l ace
Sitting-down suppliant at (towards) the temples . . .

And sometimes in poetry:

dual
They sat'"^ down-on benches'"*.

With verbs of motion an accusative is put in two ways :

1. To mark the place whither, or the person to whom, one
comes or goes :

When woman m
(of women) came
2
the divine (came-from)
c fyc. are understood. )
1
to the suitors. . . .
(IIpoc,
02 to this land not at-all neut
Polynices came (any ) meanly,
dat
rattling with many horses and ten-thousand shields

(arms).
dat dual
1. By whose hands I was sent-away privately l

to the plain of the Phocians.

2. To mark the way in which one goes :

He goes a fruitless
journey (way). (Kara, &a, fyc. are
understood.)

1
So Virgi! " Italiam And
:
Lavinaque venit Littora." Shakspeare :

" Till he arrive a place of potency."

190 THIRD PART.

At-the-time-when the evening lights (torches) did not

im*f *
any-longer burn (glow), having taken a double-edged

spear, he eagerly-desired (raved imPS)

to go (creep) abroad

in-a-iurious-manner (Say, unmeaning departures ace ).

You went- the- road a1 ^ (progressed*) along-with the Athe-
nians *", who-went an unjust road (way).
Thou, O Sun" ", who-drivest-thy-chariot through the high
(sublime) heaven
Some spy who-saw 2 P art him
(beholder), (saw-info)
bounding (jumping) along the plains with a fresh-sprinkled

sword, tells me this.

With the verbs to " swear," the Deity or person by whom

one swears is put in the accusative ; governed by -xpog, fyc.

Iswear by the earth, and by the holy majesty of the Sun.

They swear by those-men-who-are-said (the men said)

tobe a2m (become) the justest and best among (beside*"
them'K
/ swear by this Olympus, you shall not rail-at me with-

imp unity.
Hence in the passive these verbs are used for to "be
"
sworn by :
l
I have been wondrously pleased" (gratified) with your
Gods<K Jupiter sworn-by is an-object-of-merriment (ridi-
culous) to the-knowing.

The substantives x/3 ^ Xl "^ XP a " ^ ie an (^cusative of

the person wanting, and a genitive of the thing or person
wanted, the verb being frequently understood.
Why do you want me? (Say, Why need of me you MC ?
t. e. iKavei
 ACCUSATIVE. 191

A
need of good (virtuous) counsel presses on all the

Greeks.

Why do you want me? (Say, What want ofmeyou acc ?)

He is-gone taking-off (carrying) the ship (Ionic) from
me dat wan t it. (Say, a need of it springs me.)
.
j

But who has now assembled " us here ? whom does '
ne-

cessity (use) press (come) so-greatly ?

Having taken
2
that from-withinj the want of-which (OTOV)
particularly possesses you
The impersonals x/) and %ti are similarly used :
You shall say (relate) what (OTTKO) you-want.
Telemachus, you-have-no-occasion-for diffidence any-
longer.
or '
I have come 2
to see whether you-need either my help
acc
(hand) or that of my confederates in any thing.

Passives, if they retain their passive sense, are often accom-

panied by an accusative. Thus with verbs, which govern a

double accusative in the active, the thing is put in the accusa-

tive in the passive also.

rff*" art
Being demanded (exacted) tribute (taxes) by the

king**". . . ( That is, Having tribute exacted from him.)

.

a
They did not lose (were taken-from ') their-desire (the"
coveting) of the sailing by the cumbrousness**"
of the equip-
ment.
The king (president) of the blessed Gods will have need

(use) of me to reveal '

to him the new stratagem by-which
he is
being robbed-of his sceptre and his honors.
It is-my-part (is-present
me* ')
to bewail, stripped-
of jtfpo"fm the possession as I am of my paternal wealth.
 192 THIRD PART.

I
grow old being constantly (always) taught much
neut acc
(many >
*
Being instructed" in music by Lamprus*'" and in rhetoric

by Antiphon
The women shall be clothed" "* with virtue
1
instead-of

garments.
Endued tfw"' (Clothed-upon) with bravery. . . .

in
They witnessed^ (bore-witness) that-they-saw (mark S)
me struck ? r by Conon* e and stripped-of (stripped-off) my-
garment (the garment : making one word of the two) by
him.
I was persuaded" '
these things by you*'".
arf 1 "
High-pretension-to-wisdom (Self-conceit ) is called*'-''**
(named-by-change) by the contrary name, want-of-wisdom.
7"'
Threatened*'-''*'"" (Threatened-againsf) dreadful" things
by (at-the-hands-of) you*""
So the thing is put in the accusative, when the verb takes an
accusative of the thing and a dative of the person :
Those ( The) of the Athenians who were charged*^ with
the watch
I waselected-to*'-''*'"" the command
(empire).
He leaves an ancient tablet inscribed*1''*""' (written-in)
with signs (watch-words). " nomina
(So Virgil: Inscripti
regum Flores.")
Ethiopians girt* (without augment) with leopards'-skins
2''

and lions'-skins
The last sentence may be translated : " Having skins girt
round them." The same mode of translation may be adopted
in many of the others. It seems necessary in the following :

They wore im ?f shields art without handles, directing (regu-

lating) them by leathern bands'*"', having-them-tied about

their (the) necks dal and their (the) left shoulders.
 ACCUSATIVE.
" JReiske alters
Wesseling remarks on this sentence :
vspi-

Kei/jLtvoi
into TTEpiKEiplvaQ, i. e. atrtricaQ ; or TrEpiKEifitvoiG. It
ivill be sufficient to supply avrae." Schweighceuser in this
translation supplies avrove, i. e.
TE\apwvag,
In the same manner ; instead of the sentence To rpawyna pov
"
7rt2f7rat, My wound is bound up," the Greeks
say, Eyw

ETrtSt'oyuai
ro rpaujua, " I have my wound bound up" In these
cases, m-a, eic, or irepl are usually supplied : I am bound up

as to or as regards my wound :"

Having the root of all his race cut off.
{Say, Reaped?-? P"
root acc of all race.)
You have had the top of your towers cut off. ( Say, You
/tare been shorn-offrf summit acc
of towers?)
He be burut-completely in his (the) eyes dua/.
shall

There were left-behind'^^of the soldiers those-who-were

"
(the) injured^' (destroyed) in their (the) eyes by the
snow* en and those-who-had-their-toes-rotted-off
,
(the rotted-
acc
Offtfmid the fingers of the feet) by the cold.
I have my goods pawned. (Say, I am pawned the

riches.)

Similar to the constructions in the last part of the above

Rule are the following ; in which the accusative
depends on
Kara, Trepl, Etc, C-

I am-in-pain (grieve) still in this finger art.

You are extremely like him rfa '
in your head and in your
"
beautiful eyes. (" You are like is
loiKag.)
She mid
is-like (seemed-liketf ) the immortal Goddesses**' in

(into) face.
Achilles quick in the feet
Disabled {Blind) as to the ears and the mind and the
eyes. ....
Gr. Ex. K
194 THIRD PART.

Dreadful in fight
Endeavour to be in body" rt fond-of-labor, and in mind ar '

(soul) fond-of~wisdom.
To have-bad-eyes (ail eyes ).
art

Socrates ( O /Socrates), you are a fortunate man, in regard

to such art things.
dat
If the body of any-one was large (great) by nature or
dal
by education (mode-of-bringing-up ^),
or with respect to

both" 6 "' acc P^

Hence, especially in poetry, the accusative is put for the

dative generally :

All the stars (portents') with which (the) heaven has been
crowned^". . . .

Rebuke (Chastise) them with these (the) solemn words

(observations).
They daub all their (the) body and their (the) face (coun-
acc neut
tenance) with this stuff pounded.
Tilings wrought by the same art
Hence the accusative is put adverbially :

With quickness. ( That is, Quickly.)

In the quickest-^" 1
(speediest) way*
acc fem
At-first. (Thefirst ; i.e. ocov.)

With respect to the end. (

That is, Finally.)
1
Greater by far (much" ).
Better by far (much neuf).
Better by a great" 6 "' deal.
There the Goddess standing" 2 exclaimed" in a loud (great) '

and terrible neut manner.

adv
) merry"*** Manner.
*
Having laughed" in a very (much
Sometimes the neuter plural accusative is used adver-

:
bially
 ACCUSATIVE. 195
The Athenians were greatly hurt""?-'.
You will hurt me not more (greater : in a contractedform)
than yourselves.
To assist a little.
To one-who-has-benefited (the having benefited *) another
in the greatest manner

The accusative (governed by Kara, etc, Trepi, <Ha, fyc.) ansivers

to the question, " How far ? " " How deep ?"
Ephesus is-distant from Sardis three days' journey (ivay).
This art day^' having advanced a 2 ? l

(gone-forward) about
(as) five-miles (forty stadia)
A river having its breadth more than (than upon) tv/o
stadia

So, in definitions of time, to the question

" How long ?"
""'' ten full years.
They fought
They contended""^' all the day. A long time.
Aged not-yet (neither-yet) twenty years.
Cares for his father*"' kept-awake" Telemachus through
'

the ambrosial night.

And to the " How since ?" " How be-

question, long long
"
fore 9
They did '**& this very ar' thing yesterday and the third day

before this (i. e., three days ago).

Remember^ v ass ? l that
(on) Philip was reported
'
P
(re-

ported-from) to you the third or fourth year before this to be

besieging the wall.

The tyrant Ardiseus was-bornp'up mid a thousand years be-
fore (Say, thousandth year unto) that time*""'.

He-having-arrived the third day before this (i. e. three days

since) .

K 2
196 THIRD PART.

The " eut inscriptions written^ ten thousand years (Say, ten-
thousandth year) ago
He finds (seizes-down-upon) the daughter of the prefect-
f ^""*
of-the-village married the ninth
day before.
In the folloicing passage the mode of calculating the time
past is reversed ; as it may be in some of the preceding :
You are now (already) bearing-arms for the tenth year

sinceyou began ; and yet you are accomplishing nothing.

(Say, You bear-arms, and you accomplish.)
The accusative answers also to the question, " When ?" :

Death will come (be) to me whether (or) it be the morn-

ing, or at the time of dusk*"", or at mid-day.

He gives (Poet.) two infants (brats) to a shepherd to nou-
" j m him to bring-to
rish, having charged (given-in-charge)
them goats at the proper-time.

By night. By day.

A verb compounded with a preposition takes an accusative,

if the preposition of itself,

in the same sense, governs the accu-
sative.

Why do you eagerly-engage-in (rush-on) this enterprise ?

a lm
They brought-into the wall these provisions.
To fall-into" 2
a calamity.
To throw" 2 " 1
a wall round the city. (Put "throw round"
in one word.)
To draw" 1
the ships through the isthmus. ("To draw
through" is
Sitipveiv.)

Having brought the ships over the isthmus. ... (" Having
brought over" is vTrepEVEyKov-Es. See the note. )
1

" With the

1
exception of irepiforac-fla/, it is more common for the ;,ro-
 ACCUSATIVE. 197
Even verbs, which are compounded with prepositions, which
do not govern an accusative, sometimes take an accusative :

We passed"
2
(proceeded-froni) the streams of Asopus.

(Here irapd seems understood. Homer has 7rape^\df.1f

To escape"
2
(Jly-from) death. (Properly, To fly death
and go from it.)

The accusative is sometimes in apposition to an entire pro-

position.
a2su '>J
Let us ki\l Helen, a bitter pain to Menelaus (Attic).
(This does not mean that Helen is in herself a pain to Mene-
laus; but that to hill her will cause pain to him. We may
supply 5 Sft]ffi. If we supply rr\v tao^.ivi\v, in this case Xu7rrji>

will depend in construction on the word 'EXcVj/j', but will

still
depend on the whole of the preceding part in its true

meaning.}
a2
And, as a proof aec of these things, go (going ) to-Pytho,
and ask (cnquire-into this) if I have expressly reported" 1
to

you the things delivered-by-the-oracle. (}L\tyxp v may de ~

pend on a preposition ; or on this ellipse : [Make this'} trial.)
Do you deny it, having killed
" 2
(killed-utterly) her ?
A sorry denial I for-I-wish / had killed her. ( That is,

apvrjfftv.)

The subject of a proposition is sometimes put at the begin-

position to be repeated with these verbs. On the other hand, many verbs
are more frequently constructed with the dative: afj.<t>tGd\\tii> rt rivi."
Matthise.

K 3
198 THIRD PART.

ning in the accusative, without any thing to govern it being

expressed.
Your mother" 60 , ifher (ot) mind (fancy) listeth to
P a * s , let her go a 2
back to her house acc (abode). (That
marry
is, In regard to your mother; Trepi.)
The columns acc which Sesostris placed'^ (caused-to-
acc
stand) in (down-in) the various districts ,
the greater-
number-of-them (more :
Ionic) appear no-longer to-exist
(remaining-over : fern. pi. Ionic).
The Greeks who-dwell (the dwelling) in Asia ar' nothing
certain (sure) is whether they follow.
said as to
But seditions"'' and slaughters art and overthrows art of
states ""'
those men have made**" all the cities, except
ar '
(save) a few*'*" , full (crammed) of such
1
calamities.
As to the thriving of the boy, not three days transpired 02
pl

a
(held-apart) before (and) he threw (hurled) him on (into)
'

an unfrequented mountain.
Sometimes the accusative is not at the beginning :

The same things please me which please you (Say, The

same neut [ivith~\ you
dat
please me dat ) in regard to him-who-is

(the) unkindly-disposed to this city.

Here irepl is to be understood; but, after all, this case is

hardly to be classed ivitli the

foregoing. In many cases the
writer may be thought to have quite forgotten his first con-

struction, if not to have been purposely negligent of it :

And as to Caunus art
which was not willing (inclined)
,

before to join-in-alliance, as they burnt" * (burnt-in) Sar-

dis ar < (Ion.) ; then that (this) also united-with" 2 "1 them*".
As to the trouble attendant-on (the according-to) the
war aec , for-fear (lest) it should be
(become : a. 2. subj.)
much and yet we should succeed (be-above" *"&) not-any-
2

neui
the-more-for-that let even those words satisfy (im-
 ACCUSATIVE. 199

perative) you
datpl in which I have often at-other-times
shown" 1
(shown-clearly) that the same acc (i. e.
the trouble)

is not rightly apprehended*""* by you.

WJien the accusative is followed by the accusative of the
relative, the case jnay be accounted for by attraction :
acc
when you a *
Helen , erred in-being (being) eager to
destroy"
*
(ruin-utterly}, is she whom ye see (mark).
And so may be explained the passage above, respecting

Sesostris. So " Urbem quam statuo vestra est?'

Virgil:

The accusative of the pronoun is sometimes put in em-

phatic addresses, with the omission of \iyu, caXw, fyc.
You acc who-incline (the fem inclining) your head (pate)
to the ground acc (plain), do you acknowledge or deny
(deny-doumright : with p)) that you have done &"& these
things ?
Holla I
you !
(Say :
" This voc maic
, O you acc ; " putting
roi at the end.)
O wretched (timid) me !

The verb is sometimes supplied:

You acc who-are-eager (the being eager) to see (mark)
what (which neat ?') you-ought-not, Pentheus I mean, come-
out before the house**" *>'.

Accusatives are sometimes put, which may be explained

by supplying t'x
wv -

You-man-who-have (i.
e.
e'xwv) the purple-garment, who
may-you-be ?

They take-uP the dead man, having his (the) body in-

K 4
200 THIRD PART.

closed-in-wax^, and his (the) bowels purified"

1
, full-''"" of

chopped^ galingal and the seed of parsley.

acc a 2 m
After these things they went (came-from) to
acc
(upon) the river Zabatus, which had the width of four

plethra.
'EXUIV is sometimes supplied :

A horse-course, having the breadth of a stadium.

Another kind of independent proposition is cvolv

" one
of the two."
We-must do nothing (not-any-one neut ) until- we-find the
Greeks one of the two either cooperating with us
dat
or having much good-will towards the-line-pursued by
us.

Here Trparron-ae may be supplied.

The put after verbs which imply any object

Infinitive is
whatever and which require another verb to express that
object.

first, in cases, where the same subject of both verbs is the

same ; as thus :

Iwish to speak. I wish to speak-of Cadmus.

In each of these cases both verbs have the same subject

" /." So in the following :

acc fl.
I long to dwell-in that house
a me.
Endeavour to save l

They dare to pillage (bear) the temples (.fanes) of the

Gods.
" 2
He shall not be able to kill one man.
It is-not-permitted to slaves to hear.
 INFINITIVE. 201

If any-one is parl or intends to speak.

speaking
We are able surely to contend against (towards) one
woman acc .

They learn to live well.

A child is
taught to say things, of which he has no (not)
knowledge.
Secondly, in cases where the subject of the verbs is
differ-
ent, and where in Latin " ut " must follow :
Beseech the ruling (having-power-over) Gods to pity" '

you.
I do not exhort (commend) you rfa/ to wish him ill.
(Say,
to will great evils.)
He persuades Orestes to kill"
'
his mother.
dat
I order (enjoin-upon) you to remain.
He was forbidden PS
(interdicted) by (according-to) law
acc

to have (use) a horse dat .

a a
They made
l l
Agesilaiis retire (retire-upon).
Tell ( Utter) me, if you wished opt a ' "*
(were-inclined) to get
(tvork-upon) any of your (the) acquaintance, when (birurt)
he sacrifices ''', to invite you to (upon) dinner acc , what
would you do (a. 1. subj. with di>) ?
2 ar'
It happened" that Fabius (accus.) then was-ill-spoken-
of a 1 act inf

How is it just to drag (carry) a (the) suppliant by vio-

dat
lence ?
acc
It is necessary (Say, Necessity is) that you should do "'^

these things.
In the subsequent passages also the construction is differ-

ent from the Latin :

The fire very-nearly-destroyed a '

(was-short-of very-
little enneu* to 11
the Plataeans.
destroy >)
No-one advanced-against him, though-he-failed (a, 2. dat,
K 5
202 THIRD PART.
neut acc
part, of aTroXetTrw) but a little of-going (to comc-
azm acc
from .-
Ionic) to Athens itself.

know-well pf mid acc

I (know-thoroughly) that you are not
dat " to ea/
by nature plan what is bad" ^.
01

(jui)) disposed
All things are-constituted*^ so as to decline.

Having chosen"
l
(elected) Melanthius to be their (of
tliem) commander

any one appointed" f to steer or to lead-

*
It is clear that

an-army, who-did-not-know-how, would cause-the-death-of

(a. 1. opt. JEol. with av) those of whom
acc
he would wish '"

(be-inclined) least of all to cause the death.

He was getting-ready to bring-help against (upon)
them""*.

^TTifieXelffOai, ETrifilXeffdai, however take OTTWC :

art imPf
Cyrus was-particular ( paid-regard this ge ") that (in-
a2o;
what-way) his men should never (not-at-any-time) go
''

art acc art

(go-into) to (upon) breakfast or (and) dinner without-

having- well- worked-themselves.

And on or oc is generally put after irtiQeiv, when irdfttiv
is not followed by the action which is implied by the per- .

suasion, but by the object of the persuasion :

I have often wondered" J
by what arguments'^ they per-
suaded" l
the Athenians " that Socrates was ** worthy of
death. " Socrates acc
that he
(Say, was")
The other verbs or senses of verbs mentioned in this rule
are sometimes followed by a conjunction : ...

Venus wished im& that (so-that) these things should take-

f
ir>
place (become).
You desire-earnestly (Ionic) to-govern (that you shall
"'
lead-an-army) Greece (genitive).

I-am-planning (/ consult) to-fly (in-ivhat-ivay I may fly-

acc
away-from) you .
 INFINITIVE. 203
Is tt possible to (so-as) take 2i "f a view of it near (from-

near) ?

You have </<e power to (so-as) do

shall '*>' these
things.
*

Neptune was continually beseeching Vulcan that (in-order-

thai) he would release" (^Eolic) Mars (Ionic).

P' l

They begged"*^ (petitioned) of the commanders that

(in-order-that) they would take (lead-back) them home

op'

ar '
They begged""^ (petitioned) of Aristagoras (Ionic)
that (if-in-any-way) he would give (hold-out-to a z P') them
some reinforcement (ability).
They exhorted-one-another ' m^ (urged-beside) not.(o7rwc
/u^) to suffer-'"' ''"^ the barbarians to pass into Greece ar/.

(" To suffer to pass" is Trap/qp, Trapr/o-w.)

^
He did not persuade'" the Chians to (so-as) give
1 a 2 '^
him (himself) ships.
z
It happened that (so-that) neither-of-the-parties had yet
at-all neui occ
entered-on a * m the
(not-any-one ) (handled)

im indic
They got-ready tf to (in-order-that) make-an-attack-^ .

a * ace
They have caused many-to-doubt (so-that many
doubt"'f).

The "
infinitive is put after verbs to say, deny, mention,
announce, show ; think, mean, hope, and seem ;" as in Latin.
Of this we have had abundant instances. iSo after fXdeiv,
"
"to be announced :
When ( W7ten-indeed) it was-enjoined (came) him'*"' that
he should help (succour) his (the) country dat . . . .

Yet verbs to "say" take art and we, many instances of

which have been seen before. But this is seldom the case
after fXirifa and So/ceoi.

K 6
204 THIRD PART.
Verbs to
"fear" are not regularly followed by the infini-
" Ne" in Latin.
tive, but by nij with the finite verb, as Yet
here also the infinitive is sometimes put :

His father sent" l him

away, fearing-greatly that he
would die" 2
.
"
/ send away.")
(E/CTTE/ITTW,
l acc
Fearing" (Frightened) that you should die" 2 . . . .

And after nivSwevtit the infinitive is generally put :

The whole city was-in-danger"

'

of-being-destroyed
" 2
'"I
"
After verbs to deny" p) is frequently put before the
:
infinitive
Do you deny (deny-downright) that you have done^
these things ?
I forbid (disallow) you to admit Adrastus into this land.

We are hindered from-learning (to learn a 2 ) what?' I wish

(am-inclined).
He shall save (extricate) me from dying"
2
'<
I made" *
mortal men to cease from foreseeing
'"S their fate
" 1 make to cease.")
(allotment). "^Ilauw,

So-that-they-rendered-them-5ncapable of-cutting-them-off-
by-a-wall (not-to-wall-them-off) any-more.
2 mbJ 2 "'-r
If I
(Provided} escape" (run-from) dying" .... .

He narrowly fled" 2
(Jled-from) from (TOV py) being
stoned" 1 p inf
(stoned-doivnriaht).
In-order-that the barbarians (any of tJie
barbarians)
might beware mbJ in-after-tirne of-being-the-first-to-do (to

begin doing) injurious deeds against (toioards) the Greeks.

acc
Disbelievingp' that he would come /u/ ''< ...
And before the finite moods ;

You forbade impf (interdicted) me to (oVwe) reply P'.

art
You disbelieve lhat virtue is
ja(y
knowledge. (Put here
ov after p'?)
 INFINITIVE. 205

As the verbs cvva/jiat }

, fyc. take an infinitive, so do the ad-

jectives cWa-oej c.

Most able (potent) to speak and to act.

Clever in-speaking (to speak).
a *
Qualified to speak (remark) and to act" '.

The darkness (obscurity) of night (time-of-thought) is a-

neut a l
fit-time (meet ) to
.
be-unhappy-in
The Thriasian plain is the best (most befitting) plain of

our ar' (fern.) country to fight-in a l m .

Keen p/
in-planning-and-in-executing (to excogitate
11 l
and
bring-to-an-end).
Inferior-to none**" in-discovering what-is-proper.
Not slow to punish.

how (as) many delightful (fortunate)

Troezenian plain,

things you havener one to spend-one's-youth-among !

To you be fresh (new) grief at the loss"*"' (be-

there will

reavement) of a husband (man), who is of-such-avail (such)

in-keeping-off (to drive-away) the day of-slavery (servile).
I-have-not (Not to me) such a heart" 07" as to be en-

raged*^"" for-nothing (rashly).

What-kind-of-persons (of-wliat-kind) would ye be (con-
**

tracted with KE) in-helping (to drive-away) Ulysses dat (Ionic),

if he should come (arrive* *P')?
Such-as he was (Poet.) in-accomplishing both deed and
word (observation)
One man is better (more poiverful, i. e. more Jit) than ten-
thousand women*''" to see (mark) the light.
The city is worthy to be admired.
She is a<i
(has sprung-up ) worthy to-be-abhorred-by-all-
women (allwomen dat
to abhor).

1
But, besides this, the infinitive here may be considered as depending on
ei> T understood. Aet?b? fv Tta Xtftv.
206 THIRD PART.

Themistocles ar' deserved (was worthy} that men should

admire" l
him (i. e. to
be admired}.

They deserved (were worthy} that men should fine" l

them
(i. e. to be fined}.
It is impossible that you-should-make (should be placed-
a dat aec
of these""7 reasonings.
)a.n end
l inf
upon [by~\ you

Conjunctions are placed after these adjectives :

Qualified so-as to govern.
And prepositions are so placed :

Quick at (towards the" eut ) executing" 1 inf

(doing}.

The infinitive in the following constructions may be in

some measure compared with those in the preceding Rule.
But we may conveniently supply tv ru, Kara TO, wore, fyc. : of
ivhich more hereafter.
Most persuasive in-speaking (to speak}.

Equal winds in-running

to the (to go-fast}.

Not-easy to be tamed" 2 .

A mule ver y-hard fem to tame l m .

An angry man is easier to guard-against than a sullen

man.
The Borysthenes is
very-sweet to drink (be drunk).
Whiter -^ than frost e en to look-at 02 (see-to).

Such is this arf land said to be in-its-appearance

(to be-
2
hold ).
You are disposed-to-refuse me, as-it-seems (to behold 2
).
The sign of a stern, made-of-bulls'-feet, in-look (to-marh}.
There is now nothing just (like) among mortals dat
except
a
the-name (to name ').
This infinitive follows verbs :
 INFINITIVE. 207
And some God guided"*^ (led-thc-way) him through the
obscure night""*, neither did he appear im & (appear-before)
so-that-one-could-see a 2 m (behold) him.
She is-conspicuous as a queen (tyrant) to look-at (look-
info).
And it
follows substantives :

m
(did-thoroughly) the mansion so-that-
'
They finished"
a 2
it-was-astonishing to look-at (behold).

The infinitive stands also after various other verbs to ex-

press an object. Here &art, tie TO, fyc., may be supplied.

Let us give " 2 "^ Helen to the Atridae to lead-away.
To give (hold-out-to) himself to some one to-be-beaten
(to strike).
To intrust* *
boys to some one to instruct" '.

In-which-place lie rosy and hyacinthine flowers for the

Goddesses to pluck.
He hastened" l (hurried) to rush-forward" ' m
against
(opposite-to) the gates (old genitive).
He went" 2 (journeyed) in order to go (a. 2 : old form)
there

The Persians seeing (marking : Ionic) the Greeks in-a-

hurry (hurrying Pfp") to pursue

Having hastened"
'
**
(hurried) to (towards the"') pur-
sue. . . .

We are-come to learn.
The Corinthians turned" 2 m to the men"" to murder them.
Xerxes sent'mR/'a horseman to see" * m
(behold) what (which-
ever) they were doing "*".
n
Jupiter was waiting (was waiting-for the "")
- '"
to behold"
the brightness of the blazing ship (Ionic).
 THIRD PART.
The water of Castalia awaits (waits-upon) me, for-the-

purpose-of-bedewing (to bedew" ') my

hair (tresses).
waited-for im*f
They (waited-upon) the building (house-
building) of the walls to be completed"
J
.

"1<TT, fyc., may be supplied in the following also :

2
They excluded" the Mityleneans from the sea**". (Add:
not to use. That is, so that they did not use it.)
Here is this hair
(curl) for you to decorate (shade-over)
the grave with.
Where are the Phrygians that they may help (ward-off )
us?
There are others also at hand to help (ward-off") us.

"For the very (greatly) rich man is not more fortunate than-

the-man-who-lives-from-the-earnings-of-the-day, unless for-

a 2
him da throughout,
'
tune attends ( follows-upon P') so that
he ends" ! W his life" r/ well, in-the-possession-of (having)
net
many blessings (fair

The Latins say, "Dico TE esse benevolum, non illos ;''

and the Greeks use the same construction. Latins say,

Tlie
" Dico ME esse benevolum, non illos; ' 1
but the Greeks say,
" Dico IPSE esse benevolus, non illos." When there is no

Greeks say, in the

the latter case, " Dico esse
emphasis,
benevolus," IPSE being omitted.
Nominative with infinitive. You said""^ (affirmed) that
a l
you alone drove-away the plague (pest).
a *
They said (asserted) that they deserved (were just) to-
2
receive (having got-from." ) the reward, and-so (thus) to

depart (go-out).
He (remarked) me that himself (self) had tried^""
told" 2

(endeavoured) both"""*'
en
, and that
that"" man had not.

(went-out-of) voluntarily (imlling) from (efa)

2
I came-out"
 INFINITIVE. 209
this land*6 ", in-order-that (so-that) /myself might reign-
2
over (rule) it
again, having taken" the kingdom in-my-
turn.

Genitive with infinitive.The Syracusans were stirred-

up ft P art
(redupl.) not (f>?) to overlook (disregard} the " eut

affairs of the Athenians, as-the-Athenians-were-themselves-

convinced that they were"^ no-longer (no-more) superior-
to gen them**" (i. e., the Syracusans} either (not-either) in
art
their ships or (not-either) in their land-forces art.
Dative with infinitive :
He will not afford a plea to any-one (none} to be a 2 OT
(be-

come) cowardly.
It is-natural to (in) some men, the (how-many dat neut
"'"*)
67
more they have'" (with Q.V) the necessaries-of-life in-abun-
-

dance (abundant), to be so-much dat the more-insolent.

But there are many exceptions ; and the accusative is put
with the infinitive (1) for the nominative:
Croesus thought im *f that he (himself} was the most fortu-
nate of all men.
Neither do I think (assert) that I have-forgotten (XtXaer-

fiivoc eifju) my bravery*"".

(2) For the genitive :

It is t/te custom of prudent men, if they m* not (^17)

injured
"J 1

', to rest-quiet; but, if injured"", to go-to-war.

I request (petition)of you*' to decree"

' m what-is ? 1
(the""" }

just, reflecting"" (Jiaving-in-mind} that. . . .

(3) For the dative :

rf"*'
It was formerly the most honorable"' "*'' thing for us 1

"*
to gain-renown by going-frequently to war **.

'
It ispardonable (pardon} in you** to say these things,
acc fem not receiving ill treatment)
not (/ii/) suffering ill
(i. e.,
as I do.
210 THIRD PART.
Thus we find in Terence: "Licet BONOS esse VOBIS."

The whole construction " Licet vobis

is :
(vos) esse bonos."
So in the Greek sentence above : 2ot ffuyyj/w^jy (at ) Xlyeiv
raS' iari, p.ij Trdff'xpvcra.i'.

Hence the two constructions are interchanged:

To whom it happened" (i/Trdp^w) either to be the
'
sons'**"

(male -children) of kings, or to be themselves acc by their (the)

dat
nature fit for it.

It- would-be better (more lucrative) for me dat either to

acc
return (go-bach) having first killed" (hilled-entirely)
l

Achilles (Ionic), or to perish" 2 m (be ruined) myself dat (self)

gloriously.

If the leading verb by itself governs another case than

the accusative, the infinitive is preceded either by the case
which the verb governs or by the accusative.
I order you dn ' to do this.
I order you acc to do this.
" / and
Mevw, expect" takes an accusative infinitive :

1
In-the-constant-expectation (Always remaining-for-^ ")
that Orestes will come (arrive-upon) ,
I perish (utterly-
perish).
The accusative with the infinitive is put especially after
Xeyw, ayye'XXw, fyc.
Wlien these verbs are in the passive,
the subject of the infinitive is changed into the subject of the
leading verb :

2
Cyrus is said to have been-born of Cambyses a* his
father
The Assyrian is reported to be-making-an-attack (throtv-
in) on (towards^) the territory.
O; the accusative and
1

infinitive remain :

It is said that Xerxes spoke" '

(remarked) these"*"' words.

 INFINITIVE.

Sometimes both constructions are united.

The battle was reported
& to have been^ mW (become)
severe (strong), and it was reported that many died (ex-

With the accusative and infinitive, the verbs Xt'yw,

are sometimes neglected:
$<?.,

They released him from prison, thinking (or saying) that

*

he was not (//}) a thief.

11

They put-him-in-chains (bound-down ') /mn, thinking that

he was a thief.
acc
Those-persons it is said that (how-that) he sent-away ',

"^ * m
being-apprehensive that (lest) they would perish"
(utterly -perish) but <Aa Ae
; thought that-it-was-not-right
2
(not heir e"'f properly) for himself to leave" (forsake) his
(Me) post. ('E^tiv depends here, says Matthias, on vo/i/^wr,
which is contained in Kr)$6p,EvoQ. Schweighceuser supplies
\iyuv in his translation.)
This takes place after particles, with reference to the fore-
'
going part of the sentence .-

It is said that Apollo ar' (contracted) prophesied" *

(^paw)
'
to Alcraaeon, when he becaine-a-wanderer (wandered* J':
3 ir>

i. e. when said that he wandered) after the murder " of

it is

his (the) mother, that he should inhabit*"" this land ar '.

Saying^ that the Lydians for-some-time earnestly-

waited im ff : but afterwards (after^f), as the scarcity-of-
" did not cease""^" (desist), that they sought-
1/'
prbvisions

He
said""^ (asserted) that he honored" (respected) the
71 ^
dai
Samians, because his (him ) grandfather"" (art.) was
at-the-public-expense by them
* '"/
buried"

So Livy " sanctiones quas de suis

1
: Jacere tamdiu irritas commodis fer-

reatur ; QUUM intorim de sanguine, latain Icgcm KXF.RCEKI."

 THIRD PART.
I heard" '
that he used-to-say (say**) that a big man in-

armor seemed ""J^ to stand-over-against

2
him*", whose
en art
(the ) beard shadowed""^ '"/all his (tlie) shield.
And after the relative :

said""^" that his *

They (the of him) daughter dying"
(dying-ojf), who (the) was'"-'' his
(him
dat
) only child, \vas-
adv
the-commencement (first began" "^)
'
of his miseries

"
After verbs to say" the constructions of the accu-
sative with the infinitive, and of OTI and we are inter-

mixed.
He
says that Tissaphernes
ar '
does not bring (copw) the
"
ships, and that, in not giving" the provisions (nourish- 1

ments), he distresses the navy.

Vice versa, the construction of the accus. with the infin.

passes into that with on or we-

Sometimes we or UTL is followed by an accus. and in/in. :
Have you had 02 a hope that the Gods acc will have'"-'' a

(some) care (concern) of me so-that I shall be saved " l

"^P
In many cases this may be accounted for by an involved
construction. Sometimes we precedes the primary verb :

The Scythians say that (we : to

put be at the begin-

ning') theirs (the their) is the most-modern (newest) of all

nations.
I am-informed that this man served" '

(SovXeww) in Sa-
mos. *

i Matthiae adds, perhaps rightly, Soph. Trach. 1238 :

At^p 85', 'Ii2 ioi-
" Homo
Ktv, ov NEMEIN ffj.ol WIVOVTI /jioipav.
But Brunck translates it :

hie QUAM videtur morienti mihi non exhibiturus debitam officii vicem!"
 INFINITIVE. 213

To, -oil, ry, are placed before an infinitive. Thus TO toq.v

means, "the circumstance or act or custom of loving ;" and

is properly TO (-xpijfjia, Trpayjua, 0oe) tp&v
'
The act, namely,
to love.

1. To in the nominative : To spit and to blow-the-nose are

(is) actions still

disgraceful to the Persians to do. (Here TO
ansicers to our <s
to." So again :)
To \vear-a-sword is a custom which still remains ^ (rew/a/ws-
71

art
in) with these continentals (dative).
To live not (pri) honorably, is a great evil (distress).
Not (/*>/) to learn" 2 these things, is better (superior-to)
02 them.
for you than to learn
The circumstance, that we being men should sin, is

nothing wonderful.
The circumstance, that a man, even-if (KIJV) he (any-one)
be *"'!/
wise, should learn many things, is nothing disgraceful.
2. To in the genitive : He admonished""^ him to be-care-
en
ful-of-this (attend-to t/ie
),
viz. to be as useful-as-possible
(most useful).
A sudden fate (allotment) deprived" J
him of life (the to
live).
I saved" m (rescued-from
'
: without augment) mortals from

going (TO fj.ii p.o\tv) to the house of Orcus.

Nothing is to me more important than this (thes
en
) that

(we followed by an accus. as noticed in p. 212) I should be-

come" * m wf as-good-as-possible.
What is more delightful (happy) than this*'"1
(this the),
to be mingled (mixed" ') with the earth ** ?

Matthias adds also a remarkable construction from Xenophon 'fl2 yap :

ryu, airb rov avrofid-rov x^ fixovros irAot'oi/, JKovvd TWOS "OTI K\4avSpos
itfiv &C.
2l4f THIRD PART.

Without wisdom (the to be-prudent).

They gave-them-these-orders (proclaimed these'**) on-
this-account (on-account of the*'), that they should not
(ju>/)
break (loose) the treaty pl.
They are-arraed-with-a-spear for-this-reason (by-reason-oj
the gen ), that no-one of the citizens should die (die-off) by a
violent (forcible) death,
I have written" l
the motives
why (on-account-of-wliat)
they broke"
l
(loosed) the treaty P*, for-this-reason (the*" ),
1

acc J>l
that-no-one (lest any ) should ever (at-any-time) be-in-
doubt" (seek) from-what-cause so-great a war arose (was
'

11 2
appointed ).

3. To in the dative: That (To-the- end-that) those-

of-you-who-wish-it (the inclined of you) may yet more dis-
believe"'6 the ^"fact that l acc
-' am honored" '
(respected) by .

the Gods*"" (deities).

To speak-of one's (the peculiar) benefits is like-rebuking
(similar to the to rebuke) the person we have benefited.
By being (the to be) more experienced nom we are more
daring.
A man seems to differ (bear-apart) from the other animals

in this (this the ; as above) that he longs- for honor **.

dat
He stormed-at'^^the Medes^ on account of this (the ),
*
that they had-gone-away (oi-^aQai) leaving" (leaving -down)
him deserted.
(gave-beside) to them those persons
3 on the
They gave-up"
condition that they should use them ^'justly.
Life is most delightful when conditcted on theprinciple of-
wisdom (to be-wise).
4. To in the accusative :

I admire (wonder-at) this-part-of-your-conduct (the of

you) that you are-considerate.
 INFINITIVE. 215

Thinking that not to stay (endure) and fight was safety's

but to retreat (retreat-privily) as-quickly-as-possible.
To charge (censure* m ) this (the) to the Gods, that we
]

have not (pit ov%i) up-to this ?c " time obtained (done-en-
tirelyff) all things that (whatsoever) we pray-for
Instructed & in
(towards) the-habit-of-desiring (the to
want) things in-moderation (moderate^).
But do you, on-account-of (through) the fact that you
are a stranger"01", imagine (Attic form) that you will not be

injured (a. 1. inf. with av) ?

I am (have sprung-up"*) incapable of-doing (the to do ;

TTOOC or tic being understood) this against- the-wishes of the

citizens.

The article is often omitted

before the infinitive :

Death we a 2
owed
is a debt all owe. (Say, To die-off is

[%] us da >
all.)
To learn a 2
is-always-an-act-of-youth (is-youthful always)
to the old.
For me to receive *
(take) any thing and to (the) go-
without it, rests-with these men.
I put-off the answer to (unto) the third
(ttiroKpivieaQai)
day.
Nothing is so good as (such-as : i. e. -OIOVTOV olov) to
hear '.
( That is, It is best to hear.)

Nothing is so good as (such-as) to ask him. (Here TO is

supplied.)
Preventives against-increasing (i. e. TOV).
Leisure for-marching (to advance-with-an-army : i. c.
acc
TOV) against (upon) the Greeks .

The Etesian-winds are the causes (authors) of the.

fact
that tho river overflows.

He k?pt
" 2
the Cymasans from-doing these things. (ToD
 THIRD PART.
is understood. Though wore may equally well be supplied ;
as in some of the sentences above : and in this following,

where Start \ar\ may be supplied :)

Trusting
& mid (Obeying) to the treaties which save you
2
from-dying (to die" )
You have caused (made l

) the Persians to be free instead-

of slaves (bondmen) ; and to rule over all*"1 instead-of

being-ruled (to be ruled ; i. e.

TOV) over by others^*".
Sometimes the article before the infinitive seems redun-
dant ; as in TXi/tro/xai TO Ka.-da.veiv,
To Spyv OVK rjOiXrjffav, To
xpOEiStvai TOV Qeov TO p.\\ov ira.vTf.Q \iyovai, To (i. e. EC TO)

fjL>) fiXtiretv tToipa, fyc. But in reality it is not so ; and the

infinitive in its very nature seems ALWAYS to suppose the

article preceding it.

Sometimes the accusative article may seem to be put for

the genitive very improbable ; and the construction
: but this is

should therefore be made out on other principles :

This prevented" ? (held) them from-pillaging the city.

(Here ia-^t may have two accusatives: "This prevented

them the doing so")
He
dissuaded im ff persons from-learning astronomy. (Here
also may be two accusatives.)

They are compelled to have-a-care not-to-be-upset by

wine^". (But eTriufXeoyuat is sometimes followed by an ac-
cusative ; as in Plato : Ta Totav-a tTrep.fXf.~iTO.)

I am the cause (author) of-your-answering.

To may depend in the last example on Trepl, which may be

understood in other cases also :

Like to the Goddesses except as-to-dying.

I will omit nothing in-regard-to-making-enquiries-about
the whole truth Avith-respect-to these* en things.
You fought-perseveringly in-order (TOV, i. e.
for the cir-

cumstance) that-you-should-not-die.
 INFINITIVE. 217
Love (Attachment) shall soothe one of the daughters so-
that-she-shall-not-kill (i. e.
irepl or eig) her husband (bed-

fellow').
Do not (p)) dishonor ' "*> me by-my-not-dying with

you. (That is, By thinking/ me unworthy to do so.)

In exclamations the infinitive is used with or without the

neuter TO.

O the circumstance that I, the unhappy, should-have-

J inf acc
gone (aone-about) more (Attic) than a thousand stadia
of the way, trusting to a crow !

O the misfortune *' en ! O the"00 circumstance that-I-should-

chance-to-have-been-sent-for hither !
( Unless 7% ri>x>]c de-

pends on TO.)
O dearest voice (utterance) I Ah (</>v) ! The circumstance
that I should hear" *
(take) the salutation of such a man
after (in) so long a time !

The circumstance that I should suffer 02 these things!

So Cicero :
" Hoc vero non videre maximo araumento esse,

TJie infinitive is put after we and &art.

Oh-that (If) there was-p resent to me the tongue of Or-

l acc
pheus, that, having enchanted" the daughter (damsel) of
*
Ceres, /might take you from Hell. (Uaprjy av may be
" which means would be present
.s
applied after we :
By it

to me fyc")
He is said tohave been ""^ so (thus) covetous-of glory
that while
(so-that), (being) yet young, he-was-unable-to-
Gr. Ex. L
218 THIRD PART.
acc
sleep (to be-wakeful) at-night (the nights ). (That \,

wore Xe'yercu aypvirvtiv.)

You shall hear" "' (Attic) 1
all the discourse in a short

(brief) time (i. e.

in a few words). The affairs of the Per-
sians have been destroyed-wholly, that it may be allowed
me to-say-so. (" Ut verbo dicam")
. . . Of the eyes and ears and, that it
may be allowed n,e

to-say-so, the whole (all-together) body.

That / may take on myself to show
3 '
it
more-at-length,
the-case-is-this (it has thus).
. . . That I may be allowed to liken '
a small thing to a

great one.
That it
may be allowed to me to say" 2
(remark) so, sum-
ming-up-all-together.
That (So-that) I-may-be-allowed (to be) to contrast these
small things with great d"' ones. (Perhaps SOKEI may bs
understood before elvai.)
'ie and ware are often omitted here :

a *
But afterwards (after
prep
),
not to tell
(remark) the tain
*
in a long (much) narration, some time intervened" and all
dat
things were got-ready*'"*' (made-ready) by them
*"** for-

their-return.
To speak"
2
summing-up
a 2 acc
all things in one observa-
tion. ....
He was pierced^", so to speak, more ( pi. neut. contracted)
than a net^".
flc and Aare are put with the infinitive in a limiting
sense :

As far as it happens that I remember*^*"1" well. (That

is, As far as I recollect rightly.)

As far as it happens that I find-out by-conjecturing (a. 2.

mid. part. loniz). (That is, As far as I can conjecture.)
 INFINITIVE. 219

As it happens to seem to me.

To all the grave and the frowning, as far at-least as the$

choose (or, you choose) to take (use) me** as a judge, life

art

verily is not life but a calamity.

You mean 01 lole, as-far-as it may be allowed that I should

conjecture (guess). ( That is, as I conjecture.)

Herodotus has supplied fan :

But, as far as it is allowed me to conjecture"

1
(guess),
02
I imagine (think-likely) that there were collected-together
as-many-as (up-to) 50,000 (Jive ten-thousands).
iic is omitted here also :

The Caunians are, as far as it happens to seem to me,

indigenous.
" as
"Qffov and oaa, far as" are sometimes in the place of
we and WOTE :

As-far-as it happens that I know (ascertain: pf. inf.

shortened form).
As-far-as it happens to seem to him.

The infinitive is frequently put for the imperative, parti-

cularly by the Poets.

Fight now against (upon) the Trojans **.
To whom*"' do not (^>/) come-near.
This infinitive depends on a verb understood:
Nor (Not-either) wish thou to contend (contest) with a
ja/
king .

Remember vfp<a* to retire.

Sometimes the imperative and infinitive are intermixed:

ar '
KingJupiter, give (Pott.) to us good (virtuous) thi?igs,
but drive-off "^ art
from us doleful things.
The infinitive stands for the third person also ;

L 2
 THIRD PART.
If Menelaus kill"^ Alexander, let the Trojans
acc
re-

store aXl'"/ Helen.

alnom the doors of the sacred
Having opened house, let

her" 01"
(the) place
02 W the robe, which seems to-her (ot) to
be the most elegant, on the knees dat of Minerva (Ionic).
And let it occur 2 V
to every man, that the-contempt-of

(the to despise) invaders is manifested by (in) the might

art
(bravery) of deeds .
Before a person dies (ends: a. 1. subj. with av), one
should pause (stop ir^), nor call him happy (opulent). (Here
titT
may be supplied.)
The infinitive is also intermixed ivith the subjunctive :

It behoves us to forget (place" 2 "1 forgetfulness) the-present

(the now) wars-?"1, and let us go-to 02

(come-on)
4> all the
4 "'
temples of the Gods with dances lasting-all-night.
Tlte infinitive is similarly used in supplications :

Ye Gods, do not (p.rj)

allow that l acc should suffer (hit-
a 2
upon ) slavery**".
O Jupiter, SminS me
grant that it may happen" (fall-out) to
to take-vengeance-on
alm the Athenians.
01 "
O grant"
Jupiter, (give)
2
tliat I may revenge
1
the

death (decease) of my father.

Sometimes here also the imperative and infinitive are
united.
Hence eide, "I wish!" takes an accusative and infinitive.
That is, I wish the Gods would allow that, fyc.

it is thought to be re-
is
frequently used where
dundant ; especially with ZKUV.
Thus in Thucydides : To*'
oe ayuh'a OVK V ry KoXiry t/cwv EINAI Troo/oropu. Here we,

wort, may be understood; " / shall not engage in the bay,

(so at least as) to be willing (to

do so)"
 INFINITIVE,

They will not do this, so at least as to be willing.

From-whence the soul does not retire" " 1
so as at least to

be willing to do so.

They would endure (opt. with av) the-whole (whole the)

danger, and so too as to be willing.
This-Cadmus (The Cadmus this) went" 2 (withdrew) to
acc under the circumstances
Sicily of-his-own-accord (i. e.,

that he was willing) and not-from-any-danger-having-come-

upon-hira, but solely trom-a-feeling-of justice.
Elvai is thought redundant in other cases : But that eivat
"
should be put in merely " elegantice causa is not to be sup-

posed. At all events, there must have been an original reason

for its which might afterwards have not been always

insertion,
adverted by the writer :
to

They-advised-them-not to prepare a naval-battle, but as-

sured the.m that the whole-matter (all-together*) was this ) 1

not-even to raise-against them their hands, but, to-forsake,

(havingforsaken" ) the Attic territory, and to colonize some

other.
neut acc
As-far-at-least-as-regarded-him (T7ie at-least tipon

him*" 1
to be) you were saved"
J
.
(That is, irepi TO tlv'cu. ^
neutacc dat
As-far-as-these-were-concerned (The upon them
to be), you were placed R^P' in the most terrible dangers.

(Reiske, says Reize, here improperly supplies Kara or ta.

Yet something of the kind must be supplied.)

To-day-at-least. With-respect-to-this.
With-respect-to-you-at-least.

1 "
Schweighaeuser translates it Qui, apparatum navalis pugna.- dis-
:

suadentes, summam rei in eo verti contendebant, ut ne," &c.

i. 3
222 THIRD PART.

Ilplv 7] S and irplv, take an infinitive.

I do not think (conceive) that you?' " will desist before-

that one-of-the-two falls

02 . that THIS
(That is, before
HAPPENS THAT one of the two falls.)
2
Tremor seized (took ) your (<r<j>uiv) limbs, before you
2
saw" (beheld) the fight (war). (That is, before IT HAP-
PENED TO YOU THAT yOU SttW t/l
jfight.)
is repeated:
Tlplv
Neither will Apollo restrain his heavy hands from the
*
plague **", before (irpiv.
. . .
Trpiv) Agamemnon restores the

girl to her
dear father.

Hapoc is used as well as irpiv :

How nom had 02 "'-''

(As) I-wish-that a storm gone (with-
drawn) bearing me forward, before (irapo^) these occur-
rences " had happened" 2 m "^ To
(deeds) (become). ("
bear forward," is

Sometimes with an infinitive a word must be supplied from

a preceding proposition.
But Lacedaemonians made" 2 m (placed) a law contrary -
the

to-these-regulations of the Argives : for they made, a law

that,though not wearing-long-hair before this time, the//

should wear-long-hair from this time.

Sometimes an infinitive requires a word to be supplied
which is the
opposite of the preceding one :

The law commands " the same "

(impels) the same (Join
in one word) thing always, not permitting any (no) band

(concourse) of men to fly from a fight, but commanding that,

1
Tlplv seems to be a comparative, and to answer to irp6repov, PRIUS.

flplv TJ, prius quam.

 PARTICIPLE. 223

remaining in the ranks (order :

singular), they should van-

quish or perish (utterly-perish).

The Athenians changed-their-decision, deciding now not
to make m an alliance with the
*
Corcyreans.

The vefbs to
" know" take another verb in the
hear, see,

participle. The rule is here the same as with the infinitive :

" the subject the participle be the same as the subject

If of
of the other verb, the participle is put in the nominative :

If it be the same as a preceding noun in the genitive, dative,

or accusative, the participle is in the genitive, dative, or
accusative respectively"
I heard a him*** reasoning about friends*** .
' 1

When (with av postfixed) he hears*"

6
(hearkens)
-'
from
en acc
any-one* of Orestes coming-^
We-should-not-hear more pleasantly the sound (noise) of a

harp than the news that the Cyclops""* had-perished (been

ruined: Attic pf- mid. part.).
And now I see (mark) that-I-err (sinning-thoroughly nom ).
That Erring I perceive it. EctymprdvojTa would mean
'
is,

that ANOTHER erred. The difference is manifest in the

:
succeeding example
The commanders of the Athenians saw"*^ (marked : with

prefix) that they themselves did not succeed"

e *""''*"'
(go-
straight) in their (the) attempts, and that the soldiers were
grieved "ccpartpr a t the staying*".
You see (look-on) me*en going (creeping).
They know (are-familiar-with) that they are brought
-

U pajpo" num calamities.

(nourished) in sundry
1
Thus Virgil " Sensit medios in hostes." And Milton
:
delapsus :

'
And knew not eating death."
I, 4
 THIRD PART.
"1 .
Knowing (adoree) that-they-would-not-have-been-able"
But know (contracted form) that you shall suffer
Sempart^a deserved punishment (recompence).
Know (as above) that you are
partn(im troublesome.

Know (as above) that Creon will come par ' acc
to you for-

the-sake of these things.

that he nom f art these
Philip is-not-ignorant says things
without-cause (not just).
You are-conscious (know-with
& mid : with contraction ;

and addition of da) that you are nom P art not faithful-in-your-
oath towards me.
When Zvveitilb), ^vvei^ripi, crvyyivuaKU), take the dative after

them, then the participle is of course in the dative :

I was-conscious (Zvvffleiv ; i. e. i/v7jt2j/, u>'jjC//mj') that-

"
I-knew (to myself knowing) nothing. (" To know is here

eiriarra.fjia.1.)

We are-conscious (knoiv-with& mifl

) that-you-Avere (you
datpl

arl
being) most eager at-the-beginning-of (by) this present
war acc .

We forgive ourselves
dat
not having-done a l
rightly.
The verbs also to "perceive, discern, consider, observe,

experience" take a participle. These are allied to those

of
seeing and knowing :

Whom soever I (eywv) shall perceive willing to sculk

apart-from the fight**"
He will discover mid (learn-from) that he has erred o*p<"-'<".
2 m
(noticed) that I was incensed"
" fem 1
I perceived" with-
out-reason.
* m him to-be-angry fart acc with
Having perceived" (noticed)
his (the) mother acc
(towards)
Have you ever (in-any-way-at-any-time) observed ft* *1
 PARTICIPLE. 2-25

(noticed) me*'* either bearing-false-witness or doing any

other unjust thing ? (The interrogation is not expressed.)
"
I perceive (find) that this-^
7
alone will-be (dv with a. 2.

part, of yivopat) the turning-off of the impending evils.

perceived (was finding) that-I-could-accomplish (fut.

I

part. mid. with dv) this in-no-other-way.

"
Also fhe verbs to " show (i.
e. to make to
SEE) or to
" hide "
:

neut P l
I will show (reveal) nrst acc that-I-am wise, then

(after-thai) that / am prudent, lastly that / am a .great

friend to you.
000
I will show (reveal) that she does not (/*>)) say
**""' what
is just"""^.
Has time ar '
neither evidenced" l
these hopes to be futile ?

Your eye argues you *" to

be-kindly-disposed.
He is found-out (taken-in-the-act) being (to be) bad
towards his friends.
Whoever ( Who) appears-clearly (subj. oftyaivo/jiai with av)
to do par/ well to his-former-friends acc, it is clear that he will
do-well-to f art his- future- friends also.

Having learnt at that-the-death-of-Smerdis (the of Smerdis

death that) was kept-frora-being-known P' ""^
(hidden) to-
have-taken-place (a. 2. m. part. nom. of yiVo/ucu)
Also the verbs to " recollect, forget" tohich are connected
with those of knowing :

He 02
**"'
remembered*''"'' having said (remarked) c.

He (oye) suddenly forgets (forgets-about) that he is-sad.

All these verbs are frequently followed by on.

1
The verbs
to
" remember" take also " when : "
ore,

1 " Both constructions are united 4. 37, in an anacolu-

by Thucydides,
thon : Tvovs 8e 6 KAeW xal i Arjuoffdtvys "OTI, ei ai Airocrovovv juoAAof

L 5
226 THIRD PART.

I remember^ P" also this, when to (the"*"**) rule well

seemed "^ 11
to me to be an enormous work.
Do you not remember (call-to-mind} when you wen;
hanging (suspending****) from-on-high ? (Express the inter-
"
rogation by f) : which however may mean verily.")
" " at once the
If you mention," says Porson, thing anil
the time it took place, that is more than if you mention the

thing only." So that ore seems to include OTL. Ola, O.KOVU),

Xtycrat, fyc. also take ore.

The verbs also to " overlook, disregard, permit to happen,"
take a participle. These are opposed to those of observing :
It is necessary ybr them not (pi) to overlook ({. e. pay no
heed to) the wall building-by-their-side (building-beside pais ).
Do not (p)) calmly see 2 *"*> (behold) ine killed (having
died" 2 ) by the citizens**".
To bear-to-see-without-hindering-it their (the of them}

territory laid- waste*"".

Will Jason put-up-with this affront, that his sons should
suffer*"""' these things ?
Minerva will not endure (bear-with) being conquered.

They assert that the son of Alcmen endured" 2 (tolerated)

* f
being sold" (Trnrpaaicd), fut. 7rpct<rw).
I am-not-contented (not content-myself ) with living"
dat
on these neut terms.
Bear-with thylot*en (deity) being changed (metamorphosed).

( That is, the change of thy lot.)

Connected with the last sentences are those where par-

"
ticiples follow the verbs to "persevere, continue ; and the
"
opposites to " be leave tired, off:

u', AIA*eAPH2OMENOT2 ATTOT2 fob TTJS <r<pfTfpas ffrpa-rias,

"
r^v fMX~n v Matthia.
 PARTICIPLE. 227

I have persisted^*""* in doing nothing unjust.

They continue (finish-through) being-in-peace (leading

the peace).
I passed-through"""'' bloody (sanguinary) days in waging-
war.
Leave-off" ' m
(Desist) talking-nonsense.
He left-off > 01
(put-by: Poet.) crying .
I omit (lack) saying ten-thousand other things.

To make-to-cease any-oneyrom talking (prating).

Do not (p)) tire"*"^ in doing-well-to a friend.
The stranger was assiduous in beseeching.
He was-urgent""^ in saying these things.
Deioces 01 was constantly (constant) being talked-of (cast-
"'

before) and extolled by every man**".

He was full of anger. (Say, He was crammed being
incensed.)
Connected with the last verbs are those of being beforehand
and behindhand in doing any thing :
You have-said" '

(given-out) that I am-the-first (begin)

in insulting^*"1 you. ( That is, that I do so without provo-
cation. )

Perform" '
the things-which-remain, in-order-that every-
one (any) of the barbarians may iu-after-time be-cau-
*"*
tibus 1 "*-' 1

(guard) not (p >}) to be-the-first (begin) in doing

furious deeds against (to) the Greeks" 00
But 02 from-
my (the) spirit (soul) already appears to fail

the-part-where, as it-is-reasoiiable to suppose, it

begins
dnt
(commences) failing in a\\ .

He is
emulously-desirous not-to-fail tn doing well to

those- who-do- well-to "cc (the doing-well-to) himself.

'EOIKO.
(I seem, I am like) takes an accusative or a dative
tfte
of participle :

L 6
228 THIRD PART.

He seems as-if-he-were-going-to-sacrifice-for-the-success-
of (sacrifice-for : nom. s e ".
part. fut. mid.) his (the) versifying
You are like one-who-thinks da ' that luxury and costliness

are happiness art .

Sometimes with the verbs of this Rule the participle wv is

omitted :
Know (contracted) that you are safe.

I will show you to be bad.

Who can-be- found (a. 1.

p. opt.) so (thus) envious as-to-
suppose, fyc.?
Sometimes, when the subject of the participle and of the
foregoing verb is the same, the participle is put in the accu-
sative instead of in the nominative :

I ani aware that I

(myself) am-not-always-mild (do not
cleave-steadfastly -to the mildness*"').
The verbs mentioned in this Rule sometimes take an accu-
sative. As tffrifu, oida, tiriffra^ai ', ytvoxr/cw, ervyyivwffjcw,

7rvvda.vop.ai, aiffdavo/JLai, ave^opat, iraww, S;Xov tori, fyc. :

Know (contracted) that I will-not-speak (pi epelv) falsely.

The verbs Xavdavw and tyQavw take a participle.

1. Aavddvu is
" I escape the notice or observa-
properly
"
tion of:

It did not escape the observation of Amasis that Poly-

crates was very fortunate. (Say, Polycrates art did not escape-
impf Amasis art nom
the-observation-of greatly prospering .)

Themistocles art had-these-things-unknown-to-others (es-

im tf
having these neui ).
caped-notice

" In
Soph. Antig. 472, tlicttv OVK firicrrarat xaKdis, means, knows not
1

; and the infinitive is regular."

hove, is wit able, to yield
Matthiae.
 PARTICIPLE. 229
dat -fem
It was difficult for them to escape-being-known-to-
iave-stolen (escape- notice*'* having stolen"*} the-garments

(Join these two words}.

Does it not-therefore seem to you to be advantageous
that - we - should - consult - about - these -
things
- in - secret

(the
neutacc tis
acc
to have escaped-noticetf mid consulting -about
these neut )?

Every thing was burnt without being perceived. {Say,

All" eutpi escaped-notice" * having been burnt-downright alp.)
I was ignorant that Jupiter does not exist. (Say, Jupiter art

had me not being" .} mid

escaped-t1ie-observation-of
If a man should wish P' to be -serious PfPasi always, and-not
to unbend himself by-turns into mirth, he-would-insensibly-
become-mad (he would-escape-the-observation-of a 2 P' with "

mad" l P nom
[himself] being ).
Croesus art was-unconsciously-supporting (was escaping,
tte-observation-of [himself] supporting} the murderer of
his {the} son.

havQdvu is
often put in the participle :

Heleapt (plup. pass, without augment or aspirate} from

the wall unnoticed (having escaped-notice *}.

Instead of (he participle, ore is used :

Neither did Jupiter escape-the-observation-of a 2
Ajax,
when he gave imtf (Poet.) victory to the Trojans.
2. are properly 1 , " I come am
&davi>), <j>dTJpt, Sfc. before,

before, I precede, get before, anticipate:"

1
Hermann mates the proper meaning of this word to be " I leave off.''

uttmann makes "

it to be I put off." Neither of these will be readily
conceded. Wava or <f>ddo> seems to be for cuf>6du (as KTi87j for ixriSci;),
from firrToyuoi, a. 1. p. Vi<p&riv, Htydriv, I touch. So that <t>0dva> irplv is, I
touch a thing before another does. Some may choose rather to form <j>6a.<a,

<t>BrJtu from Trrdte, irrrtfui, as QOvfa from itrtu. *ef//ut irplv, antevolo.
 230 THIRD PART.

The Scythians 1
the Persians in Sm
anticipated" coming"
acc
{coming-from) to (upon) the bridge .

Your {pi-) city would long (much neut acc ) precede

(opt. of
with KE) this event by being overthrown. (/. e., It
<j>6ijf*i

would be overthrown long before this happened,)

They anticipate (that is, are beforehand) their enemies in
making- war (warring).
nom .
They anticipate seizure by fly ing {I.e., They precede
all others by flight ; or, They leave all other things and fly
before doing any thing else.)
Will you not anticipate {opt. with av) all other things by

performing this ? (/. e., Do this instantly.)

*

Will you not anticipate ( put as above) all other things in

"*"'
covering (hiding-with) my body {frame) with these
clothes ?

Sometimes the interrogation is neglected, as in Eurip.

Orest. 924, Et yap apaivwv (j>6vog
'Eorcu yvvaiQv O<TIOQ, ov

<j>QavoiT IT av QvriffKOvree, r] yvvai^l covXeveiv ^pcwv. But

either the interrogation was disregarded by the expression

becoming idiomatic, or the interrogation must be supplied in

such passages.
<&dav(>j with the participle of a verb may be often rendered
in English by that verb :

The infantry ascended (precedes having ascended"

2
) the

hill *
the Syracusans
before acc * m *<
came-up
They-were-banished from the island, before (before**" than)
the Goddess acc became" 2 "^ propitious {mild) to them.
You-would-be-enslaved, before () : i. e, TrpvrEpov r/) any-
one"" of us heard" 2 m "^ it.
(learnt-by-enguiry) of

1
The Editor of the Remarks on Matthite thinks this a wrong explanation,
and says that the interrogation has no place here. Brunck supports the in-
terrogation, and is undoubtedly correct
 PARTICIPLE. 231

Ilptv understood in the following sentence :

seems to be

The Lacedaemonians did-not-hear-of the war acc round

art l
(about) Attica , before also neglecting" (not-caring) e very-
thing-else (all the other 8en P') they were-come to-succour
(warding-off
fut nom
) us<K (That is, On hearing it they

immediately came to succour us.)

" I come means " / pre-
<t>dai>(it, before, prcevenio," also,
"
vent :

She scarcely prevents herself from-falling on-the-ground,

a 2 dat
by falling-into (falling-in ) her chair (thrones).
<bd(ivw is put in the participle, like Xav0avw :

If (If-altoff ether) he might wound

him first (a. 2. m. ' *"**>

of (jtdrjfii i. e.
having anticipated him) .....
:

It was (became atm ) in my mind to say (remark) these

J

which (whatever) you, anticipating ad- 02

things, (<pdfjfj.i) me,

vance p/ (bring-forward).
<&0a<mc zs <^M5 peculiarly used by the Attics.
The infinitive is also
found after Qddvk) :

Who knows (has ascertained ff mid ) if Achilles may-be-

first-struck by my spear (wooden-spear : dat. poet. ) so as to
' "^
lose (ruin) his life (spirit) ?
A depraved man might-perhaps-die (i. e. might perhaps

anticipate so as to die), before he was punished (gave a 8 inf

compensation) for his misdeeds *".

" / chance, happen" takes a participle.

a^w,
It behoves me to say to you occ what (the ?')
I
am-chancing
to think-of.

About (-4*) fifty heavy-armed-men chanced"

*
to sleep in
the market-place.
"
So also Kvpidt, " / chance, happen :
See (Mark) whether (p>)) he happens "**>' to-be-lying
(a,
1.
part. p. of KaraicX*Vw) asleep.
 THIRD PART.
\

The participle u>y is frequently wanting in this construc-

tion :

If eflfo-one of the spectators happens to be well-disposed

to us.
.ljjk
Although (If) I chance to be old, the strength (powerful-

ness) of this territory has not grown-old^.

Dwelling amidst which laws* en they chanced impf to be the

most-fortunate of the Greeks.
He happens to be now in the country (fields).

These verbs stand also in the participle :

To-grant (give* *) the favor which (with irep postfixed) I

promised" *,as-I-happened (chancing) to do. 1

He was near as-he-chanced (chancing) to be

The participle is often used for the infinitive. Thus, in-

stead of the sentence Sv/ujtopov eon ravra Trpaj(6ijvai, " It is
convenient that these things should be done," the Greeks say
also :

These things are convenient to be done (being done" l

).

Thus also :

It is better for us to go-to-war (warring).

The*" guards are competent to prevent (preventing) it.
11

The city will not allow them*" to transgress (transgress-

ing) the law.
The participle is put after verbs which properly require
the infinitive :

If they will endeavour mtd (Ionic) to make-an-attack a 2

I do not refuse to die at ^em

(dying ).

They caused (made) them to be dishonored ; and with such

a dishonor aoc (degradation) that (so-that) they-could (ia/piove

1
Brunck explains it as an hypallage for trvxov vxoffxfofvos.
 PARTICIPLE. 233

elvat) neither (not-either) govern'

^
7
the city nor (not-either)
acc
buy**"' or sell P art any thing.
" Most " in the
of these verbs," says Matthice, places
where they are joined with the participle, seem to be consi-
dered as independent verbs, not requiring the addition of their

reference to complete their meaning, and the other verb as an

accessory definition of the same, not as the necessary result of
them."
The participle is put for the infinitive also
after the verbs to
" announce :"
say,
You were declared (announced ') to be mad 02 *"*"""' ("as
being mad ").
He speaks-out intelligibly that his companions (allies) are-
imy * M>rt
perishedfl>' (ruined : with redupl.).
A report went- through"
l

(rushed-through) the army that

your daughter was come (come-from : pf. pass. part,). (Here

iivai may be understood.)

Participles in one part of a sentence often depend on a verb

in another part of it.
neut acc
She-who-was-queen next-to (second ) her*, she
) name was Nitocris, and she (this) was
whose (the datfem

(having become" 2 m more sensible than the one

) who-reigned*'"
1

before left" 2 m the monuments (records) which (the) I

will now commemorate. ( The principal verb fXtVfro ex-
tends its
influence to the parenthesis.)
The Corinthians promised" m (received-up) l
their (the) aid

(punishment), both in-accordance-with (according-to) just-

ice"" (the just neut ), and at-the-same-time from hatred dat

(hate) of the Corcyreans, because they neglected""^ them*'",

nom
being a-colony- of- theirs (colonists); for neither (not-and)
234? THIRD PART.

did-they-give (giving} them the usual prerogatives (con-

tracted) in the common assemblies-of-all-the-people, nor

(not-and) .... (Here SiSoj/ree depends on Trapr)p.i\ovv re-

peated.)
In dialogues, the answer of one speaker is often united to
the words of another by a participle :
I will go-through
f each thing in-order, having begun"
J m

from the first. Do so, having shown (revealed

"
') at-

least first what you have in your (the) left hand.

We-have-insensibly-purged the city. Being-prudent
we did so, said-he.
forsooth (at- least)
In numerous cases, particularly in writers of an involved
style, the participle is put for the finite verb through mere
negligence or inadvertence.

Several participles are frequently placed together without

a conjunction particularly in poetry.
:

Him (The) she found 02 laboring (sweating), busying-

himself about his bellows acc, earnestly-engaged.

When ol with the participle of a verb is turned by

" those who ," the same verb is
often put as a finite verb
as well.
nom
By saying what, did those- who-calumniated (the calum-

niating) calumniate""^?
The path acc by (through) which acc
,
those-of-the-Grecians-

Avho-were-taken-captive at (in) Thermopylae were taken-cap-

tive" *. . . .

They say (assert) that those-who-did (the doing) these

acc
things did?' them from being overpowered (worsted) by
pleasure*"" .or by pain.
 PARTICIPLE. 235

In other cases also, a verb and a participle of the same

verb are put together :
Were-we-to-affirm that all the inconsiderate are-mad, we
should affirm (opt. impf. with a>) rightly.
What knowledge having obtained" * , should we have ob-
m
(Put oV before "having obtained.")
1 P'
tained" rightly ?

Seeing they do not see.

1

Though obeying I with-difficulty (or hardly) obeyed" .

(" To obey" is vTraicovfiv).

.... Unless (Provided-not) fleeiag me you flee* 2 "**
(fly-

froni) into the air.

We may here notice tyr) \lyuiv in Sophocles, and Xe'yct

ae in Herodotus.

The construction in " Proinde tona

Virgil, eloquio, so-
LITUM tibi," is imitated from the Greek.
He persuades Orestes acc to kill" l his mother; an action
which-carries (bearing"*) with it a good-report not-

amongst-all.

The participle in definitions of time is often joined with

aurora, evdi>G, yucra^v, &p.a.
The Greeks say-of Bacchus that when born a2m Jupiter
sewed" m him
J
up immediately (on-the-spot) in (into) his
(the) thigh.(To "sew-up" is evpaVrw.)
When born 02 " we immediately saw""^ (marked:
1
with
Attic prefix) and heard.
Necos, when digging this ditch, left-offa J m
(desisted) in-
the-midst. (Say, in-the-midst digging left off".)

While-you-were-speaking ( You*en saying), mean-while a

236 THIRD PART.
voice (language) came (became^ mid ) to me. (At'yoj/roc ff0 v

is governed by yuE-au : or it is the genitive absolute, of which

more hereafter.)
The next summer**", immediately with the spring (to-
dat
gether-with the spring immediately commencing), they
were compelled" l
to fight-a-naval-battle" '.

As-soon-as-the-horse-had-done-this {Say, At-the-same-

time-with the horse*" 1 having done l
this)

The participle is often put alone, ne ("a certain person")

being understood.
2
There came" certain persons bringing (leading) goods
6
(riches) from (from-beside) the Indus* ".
I was-distant""^
(was-absent) as-far-as (so-far-as) a person
can-bawl.
Nor (Not-and) is it fitting that a person under (usingtf)
such a calamity dat should go' n/ (go-on) to persous-of-like-
acc
age-with-himself who-are-in-a-state-of-happiness.
So TI is understood :
If he thinks that he has suffered^""' * 1 inf
at-my-hands any
thing in word p/ or (and-whether) deed p leading (bearing) '

to mischief acc , there will not be any longer in me* 1'

a desire

(regret) of life.

The following constructions of the participle of

are observable.
I imagine that the-greater-part (the many) of those-who-

hear (the hearing) me still object, beginning" m with {from) '

Thrasymachus (that is, and particularly Thrasymachus).

You affirm that your-resources are great, so-that you
want' n/ (require} nothing* 6 " (not-any-thing), beginning (a. 1.
 PARTICIPLE, 237
m. neut. ace. pi.) with (from) the body, ending with (unto)
the soul.
There are good things belonging to those-who-dwell-in
that ort continentbeginning (a. 1. m. dat. pi.) with (from)
;

gold, there belong to them silver and brass and variegated

raiment (clothes sing ) and slaves.

wr,
" now
settling the matter," is used for " at

length."

At-length I-went.
01 a
At-length, having taken book, he departed" *.

Where we would say, "He brought it and gave it," the

Greeks say, " Bringing, or having brought, he gave it" This
idiom is perpetual.
Hector brought-and (bringing) gave" *
him a sword.
Leading a horse, he put""*'' (Ionic) it in the hands of
Menelaiis.
Make-haste-and (Having made-haste" 1

) bind (you shall

bind dual ) him.
Come-and (Having arrived" * contracted) learn.
.

Hector lifted" a stone and was carrying (bearing)

'
it.

Take-and (Having taken" J

) batter"
'
him with a stone da '.

Verbs of motion are accompanied with aywv, ^epuy, fyc.

Iam-come bringing these things.
He came imff leading two-thousand heavy-armed-men.
He came" ^ having with him two-thousand heavy-armed-
71

men.
<bif)<iii> appears redundant in some expressions, but always,
denotes a vehemence of not altogether free
purpose, from
blame :
238 THIRD PART.

He put himself rashly into the power of (Say, Searing he

cast-under imPS himself) the Thebans da '.
He has irresistibly brought affairs to that point. (Say, To
this neut acc bearing he has placed -round the affairs^)

The verbs " to be" are used with participles :

I should-have-been (impf. with av) long-ago coming
(tending) to you, if we had not (p;) seen""^ (\evcrau)
Ulysses coming (tending) to us*"*.
If these things are-so (having thus)
The Carians showed-how (are the having showed-down a 1
:

that is, are they who showed how) to fasten crests on

helmets art (accus.).
The Pelasgians were persons who-spoke (casting : i. e.
sending out) a barbarous tongue.
He said that he-would-ask (require*"* "^) nothing- which-
could-lead (no-one 11* pl neu * neut
is
1

ofthe as-many-as bringing^ )

acc
to dishonor of such things as lead fyc.)
.
(/. e.,

I beg-of you, do not (/xjj) become" 2 msubJ our-betrayer

a 2
(betraying us).
We Gods are persons who-have-suffered always most
horrible things. (I. e., We Gods have suffered fyc.)
en
Are (tVXeii) you one who-has-forgotten me& Achilles , ?

(/. e., Have you forgot me 9)

also is used with participles.

I do not (am fond-of) having concealed"
like l
it in my
house (abode) to have much wealth.
Crcesus ar ' having subjected" 1 " under himself dat 1
all the
otners held impf them in that situation.
Whom?" you having enslaved" l
(active voice) keep so.
 PARTICIPLE.
en
Inform" J
(i. e. tell} me for what (6'rov) purpose (thing )

(made-to-stand) such a fury you keep-it-

'

having indulged"
fast (have).

They affirm tlutt Creon"" having published" *

such things
holds to them.
l fem
the rites of the Gods, keep to it.
Having dishonored"
The last is often translated barely, "Dishonor the rites
of the Gods." But more seems to be implied. And Mat-
thice, e^w with a participle frequently
after asserting that

forms only a circumlocution, and after introducing in sup-

port of it avinrapaiviffaq from Aristophanes, says thus :

e'^w
" Yet here also the idea PERSEVERANCE seems to be ex-
of
pressed more definitely than by the simple verb."

Wliat is the ABLATIVE absolute in Latin, is generally

the GENITIVE in Greeh.
God willing (wishing), envy avails nothing .
acc

The enemy " l P

having been seen
P'
(discovered), the citi-
2
zens fled" .

These genitives are governed by prepositions understood

" in the case " on account
signifying of," of," fyc.
This absolute participle is used in Greek, when the action
expressed by the participle does not refer, or does not refe*-
entirely, to the subject of the principal proposition. In the
second sentence above, others may be supposed to have seen
the enemy besides the citizens.
This also distinguishes the Latin from the Greek. The
Latins say, " Viso lupo, diffugerunt oves ;" the Greeks say ;
2
(beheld) the wolf, the sheep (6'Us which
'
Having seen
2
is the plur. fern.) fled (Jled-from).
Having heard" these things he was gratified"
' *
P.
 240 THIRD PART.

The Latins were obliged to use other constructions, from

want of perfect participles.
In Greek, lohen the subject is the same in both
proposi-
tions, the participle sometimes not put in the case of the
is

common subject, but absolutely ; I. In the nominative :

nom masc
Expelling (Pumping-out ) only-but-now one irrup-
tion (wave) of evils from my mind 6'"'
(understanding),
another seizes (lifts) me behind (from-the-stern) in-con-

sequence-of your words^*.

Shame (Modesty) takes -
possession- of (possesses) me,
nom fem in the
being (lighting-on) (this) condition in-which I
now am. (For aiSws e^61 z * ^ e same as aicte'o^cu.)
/it'

It appeared""^ to them more secure to hold /Egina" r',

* masc men-of-their-own-as-colonists.
having sent" (For e<j>a.i-
<l
vf.ro is the same as rfyrifyiaavTO, they voted")
2. In the genitive :

You-ought ( You-owe), as-I-have-anticipated-you-in-doing

kind actions towards you, to recompense me with kind
rfc"

actions.
" l
Just-as-I-was-taking-in-hand to consider-of the de-

fence* I should make before (towards) the judges acc , my

forbade (withstood" l p
(the) guardian-spirit ) me.
He affirmed" 2
that they would harass/"' them well both
for-other-reasons and because-they-now-ruled-the-sea. (" I
"
harass well is eKTpv^ou.)

3. In the accusative ; which case arises generally from a

change of the construction.

As in Plato : Toue ovv Adqvaiovg ayavaKTovv-aQ
tlvai.
iSouXevojueVoic avrote SwCfZ** Kpariarov
A kind of dative absolute takes place often, when the sub-

ject is in the dative :

dat acc
Hippocrates (art.) being about Delium (art.).
 PARTICIPLE.

when (as) it v/as announced 01 to him that the Boeotians

were-coming-upon-him (come-on}, sends the troops. {Here

avrif is unnecessary.)
Sometimes, in cases where the subject is not the same in
both propositions, the NOMINATIVE ABSOLUTE is used for
the genitive absolute :

Words-ran-high (Bad words made-a-loud-noise imrtf ) as

they spoke among one-another, guard'""" accusing (repre-

hending) guard.
The son" "* (production) of CEdipus intending to send to
acc
(upon) the fire-places of Apollo (Loxias), in-the-inter-
a * cc
val theArgives marched-against the eity" .

a m a
Who pl nom
having caused meeting (collection), The-
l

(out-of) them all.

impf of
mistocles spoke-first ( Themistocles
is in fact included in the relative " WJio.")
In which fem
you confided" ',
being some (there-are-some-
who) of you children merely {without-art). ( The verb refers
to all of which ivioi form a part.)

Two" "1
going-together (coming-together), the one is-wont-
a
to-think (think-of ') sooner-than the other what-is-ad-
vantageous : but, if (if-altogether) a person thinks a *"% '

dat
(thinhs-of) alone, his (him ) mind isslower and (but and)
his penetration is slender.
The DATIVE ABSOLUTE also is used in this case :

The Athenians made" '

it clear that they were
extremely-
"1 at the capture dat of Miletus both-by-many-other-
grieved"
proofs-and-especiallywhen Phrynichus made" Part and rf<*' '

exhibited (taught) a drama called the Capture of Miletus,

the spectators (theatre") fell" 2 into tears, and they fined" '

him in a thousand drachmas'*"'. (Here <frpv'i'x^ may depend

on the same government as aXwo-ti ; if we supply ore before
" the
spectators.")
Gr. Ex. M
242 THIRD PART.
dat
These being excluded from the use of the sea and
ce
plundered (laid-waste) by (down-on) land" some of them ,

a J
took-in-hand to deliver-up (lead: a. 2.
Attic) the city to
the Athenians"". (Here the dative may be governed by
tv.)
And the ACCUSATIVE ABSOLUTE :

Do not (p)) wonder (imperative), if I prolong my dis-

course (ivord), my children"" having appeared" 2 unex-
acc
pectedly (unexpected"*"* ?'). ( The accusative may depend
on Tpoe, " in consideration of.")

The genitive participle absolute is frequently used with a

siibstantive understood.

It being manifestly shown" J

that the affairs of the Greeks
02 m their we have
depended-on (became in) (the) ships,
furnished (held-out-to a 2 m
) three things the most suitable to
neut acc
this same object ....
He went" 2 e
(icithdrew) towards (upon) Caria ", the neirs
PPI
having been announced" the Phoe-
I

(announced-to) that

nician ships (Ionic) were-sailing (sail) towards (upon)

them" cc .

The thing being (having, i. e.

itself) thus ....
Things happening (becoming} thus . . .
(/. e. Should it

so-happen.)
as-men-',vent to battle"**, one (any-one) v> -ere-able fut in-
If,

the-mean-while to make" *
warriors by declaiming-rhapso-

The substantive is frequently supplied from the preceding

u-ords :

The Lacedaemonians, having first sent" Phrynis to Chios art !

(acc.) to see if they*" really had (are) as-many-ships-as

art
(ships as-many -soever -as) they said""^, Phrynis havn.'g
"
brought-back-word" to them that these things v/ere"7 true
'
 PARTICIPLE.

that (whatever) they heard ""^ made" m f the Chians

l
allies

immediately.
2
My present husband being dead" (utterly-dead), I-might-
have (there-might-be me dat
) another husband. (Iloo-tc
not only

occurs in this sentence, but had occurred just before.)

Sometimes, though rarely, the genitive of uv is ivanting :
mid
Why should any-one observe ?" (review) the birds (opnc:
same as opvldac) which-make-a-shrill-noise above, under
whose guidance (which \Jbeing~\ guides) I was-destined""'n/ to
02 art
father?
kill my
Here be understood. The Latins say in the ab-
viro may
" Te duce"
lative,

Impersonal participles absolute are put in the accusative

(governed by some preposition understood); or, as some think,
in the nominative.
It becomes you not to dwell (dwell-in) here, it-being-in-

your-power to inhabit (have) a city blessed-by-the-Gods.

When-you-have-it-in-your-power to rule all Asia*"*" ((he

Asia all), will yc choose mtV< some thing else ?
Let-no-one-of-you-imagine that we risk danger without-
" it not concerning us").
necessity (properly,
ar' in
They held"
2
Agis much blame (fault), thinking that,
when-the-fortunate-opportunity-presented-itself to them to
2
engage" (strike-with) ivith the enemy advantageously, they

done"
'
nom
nothing) worthy of the equipment.
If-it-should-so-happen,
neut
Behoving-him-as-it-docs not (p)) to say the truth (being ,

Ionic : " the thing ichich is"), he says that the way- back is one
of three months.
M 2
244 THIRD PART.

It-being-determined that ....

It-having-been-determined that ....
a nom
They, without (not) having succoured went-
'
tJiem,
-
away" (went-from) as-it-was-right-they-should.
Verbs, which are usually impersonate, are often used in the
same manner, even when they receive a subject :

These-things-having-been-determined-on by us
da/
.
( But
perhaps rav-a. is Trepi raDra.)

Nor-any-other-thing-being-a-care to them than

(Here too dXXo may be Trtpt dXXo.)
Adjectives, ivhich are used impersonally in the neuter with
tart, are also so used :

The Syracusansanimated-one-another""^, using not a little

a l
in
shouting''"', it being impossible to give-a-signal any (par-
rfa ' masc
ticular) other manner by (in) night.
Do you really intend (thinh-of ) to bury him, it being for-
bidden (disallowed) by the city rfa '? (Ov is omitted.)
Participles also are so used :
It having been written^ in the treaty^' that
p
(enjoined-upon) him 'to write-
rfo
It having been enjoined '

up"
l
the-laws (the laws the) of Solon, instead-of Solon he
1
appointed". himself the lawgiver.

The construction of the participle both with the genitive ab-

solute,and referring to a subject preceding, is used in various
ways, ivhich must now be noticed.
As a definition of time:
(1.)
What ( W7iatever neut ? ) I said l 2
(remarked), even from-
the-beginning (commencing).
When commencing and throughout he testified" this.
'

Arrows resounded '

on his shoulders***, as-he-moved.
 PARTIC1FLE. 245

It is often preceded by e-rrt, /uera, fyc.

The Athenians, when-the-Pelasgians-had (upon Pelasgians
having) the*" territory now called Hellas, were""^ (without
1

augment) themselves Pelasgians.

In the fifteenth (fifth and tenth) year rfa', Chrysis-being-
priestess at (in) Argos, and
^Enesius being ephor at (in)

Sparta
""^ other compacts
They made when-Theramenes-was-pre-
sent (upon Theramenes being present).

After-Solon-departed, great vengeance from God seized-

2
on (took ) Croesus.
Croesus ar' sent-away ""& these things to Delphi acc , and to-

gether- with them (the) two goblets (Ionic) great in size

dat

(Ionic). These m<wc were removed" 1

about-the-time-that-the-

temple-was-burnt.
dat
After-a-fall-of-snow ( Upon snow having fallen
a 2
) it

rains in five days (Ionic).

To come a 2 (arrive) after-every-thing-is-over (CTTI with dat.

pi. part. pf. pass, of et,(pyaopai).

(2.) In assigning a reason :

They-are-glad at being respected.

I am gratified (delighted) with having seen
a 2
(scen-into)
you.
They dislike sitting (resting) here.
01"
They repented of having restored^" the prisoners.
Be-ashamed-of (Reverence l m art
) leaving (quitting) your
father in his irksome old-age.
Consider (Know: contracted) it a favor that-you-are
(being)
unpunished.
You have done" l
well in having come" (come-from).
Ye do-wrong in beginning the war*"".
He errs-entirely in delaying (incaring -away).
 THIRD PART.

They shall not escape-unpunished for deserting (having

a 2
stood-away ). (That is, since they have deserted.)
They do and say all things \vishing-to-escape (escaping :
i. e. because they wish to escape) the trial.

Wlien the participle refers to a different person from the

fcrst, then, according to the construction of the verbs, the geni-

and accusative are put :
tive, dative,
"

The Athenians were-very -irritated impj at tJie men having

fled^* a e (fled-from).
She-would-not-be-glad at-his-coming.
He was grieved im& at the Greeks acc being subdued (brought-
dat
under) by the Trojans .

P acc
I was delighted" l
(gratified) at your {you ) speaking-
art
well-of my father.
acc
Iam-glad-at your(yow ) succeeding.
Our ( The to us) crews have been ruined 2 P
(corrupted},
and are still now being ruined on-account-of (through)
this acc , viz., the sailors being destroyed (destroyed-utterly)
6"
by the cavalry^ of the enemy
Verbs of motion are thus accompanied by participles :

Rising-up with-a-view-to-give-advice.
I have undertaken rtf *1
(hurried) to teach
^ you.
He sends me to you bearing these letters.

They went ""& (withdrew) announcing-round-about to the

different countries that-they-must-assist (succour"'^")

That, which (the) is to me the greatest wonder (Ionic) of
all the things in this fem dat country, at-least next-to (after)
the city itself acc , I come (arrive) now to mention fut .

(3.) In restrictions. Here the participle is attended by some

:
particle
I think (conceive) that Hector even though ardent will

abstain"""'* the fight ***.

(hold-off') from
 PARTICIPLE. 247
art
lh inking {Imagining) that bad things are good, or
even though being-of-opinion (ytyrtttm*) that they are bad,
do they nevertheless covet them^en ?
Possessing {Having obtained w*) all these
netu &
means of
defence, nevertheless they are injured. (/. e., Though they

possess.)
I supplicate you, even thougli being a woman, nevertheless
I supplicate you.
The four-hundred were gathered-together' '(>//ecfec?) at
mfi/

(EC, i. e.
t\Q6vTf.g EC) the senate-house, even though thrown-
into-confusion ^
nevertheless they were gathered together.

{Here o/iwe is put before rat'.)

Do not (/}), honoring (respecting) the Gods, then {sub-

sequently') pay-no-regard-at-all-to the Gods* e ". (Elm, says

" nevertheless"
Brunch, is here put for It may how-
ever be translated " then," o/uwc being supposed : and, then
this sentence belongs to No. 1. Similar to this is the fol-
lowing ;
)
aZm
Having laid-down {put-under) the position that to-
" eitt
attend-to-one's-own-affairs {the neta to do the plof oneself )
is prudence, he then {after-thai) affirms that nothing pre-
vents those-also-who^attend-to {also the doing) the affairs of
others art from being-prudent 1
'"-''.

(4.) To express a condition :

Agamemnon will-give {gives) you gifts, if-you-cease {a. 1.

part, of utraXiiyu) from your \yrath.

I would go {arrive: with dv) to the risings acc
a. 2. opt.
6
{contracted) of the stars and underneath the earth* ", if-I-
were {being) able (potent) to do" so (these"'). 1

(5.) To express the means or manner :

He departed (withdrawn) to-the-grave {having died"
is 2
).

He has departed im*f {withdrawn) by-flight (flying).

M 4
248 THIRD PART.

They live
by plundering (preying).
He surpasses (conquers) his (the) friends in doing good
(well).

The participle is used also in interrogatory and relative

propositions.
J m whom
It is necessary to define we-mean-by-philoso-
art
phers-when (saying philosophers ) we dare to affirm that-

it-is-rightybr them to rule.

Have you considered (tahen-notice-ofrf) what-constitutes-
this-crime (the performing?
1
ivhat tteutacc [men] denounce
aec
[by~\ the name this )?
. . . What kind of a man he is and of what
things he is the
author. (Say, What-kind-of [man~\ of what-kind-of [things^
he chances being author.)
Consider what right you, who behave so ill to me, have to
censure me who behave so well to you. (Say, Speculate-
on a m me dat, being dat wJiat-kind-of
*
[jnan~\ respecting you"",
nom
being ivhat-kind-of [mari] respecting me acc , after-that you
censure me dat
.)

They are-engaged-in-a-war without-its-being-clear-which-

'
party-began-it.
T7iis construction is used to express a reason :

(In the Ionic.) It is said that Cyrus asked (asked-

about* 1"** mf ), who the Lacedaemonians were and how many
of them that they should dare declare (Say, being what men
and how-much** Lacedeemonians speak-forth) these things to
him (himself).
Do not (p}i i.e. opa pij) inquire
" !
wV, by-what-num-

1
For a common expression would be :
no\f/ju>vmcu, craQws
A&rjvaiaiv.
 PARTICIPLE. 249
bers (being'011 how-many any} they are able to perform these

things.
The commanders asked ""^ whether they retreated (re-
f
real-front) in-consequence-of-thinking the most hostile land
more-their-own than the sea**".
What wishing (inclined) do they flee ?

On-\vhat-presumption (
What having learnt 2
) have you
done" '
this ?

( What having suffered

L nder-what-feelings 11 2
; or " what
01 this?
having felt") have you done
And a restriction, "although :"
How few things we men being-able to anticipate concern-

ing the future*" , do

1
we attempt to do many things !
And tlie means or manner :
They taught" the Greeks
'
in what manner"" governing
(directing) their (the of tlieni) countries and by making- war
01
(irarring" ") against (towards) whom acc they might make
art
(a. 1. opt. ^Eolic) Greece great.
He affirmed" 2
that those-who-consulted-the-oracles about

things which the Gods gave"

'
to men ar '
to judge-of (judge-
a ^ dat fl
bctit-een) by discovering (learning ) them naturally,
were-frantic"^.
Tt e'xwy also is used to ask a reason :
What business having in view do you lurk about the
cc
door" ?

Why do you tarry ?

'KX WI/ *'*

often used with another verb without any pecidiar
xi :
Unification
You talk-nonsense.
You must not (ov talk-nonsense. " must "
fir)) (Express
tfic
by future.)
Per/taps (he full expression was ri tyuv ^Xuriptlc ; and ri

M 5
250 THIRD PART.

became dropt, as well as the interrogation. Some suppose

(pXudpete t\w to be put for ^iXvupwv X t *

The construction with the participle is very often preceded

by tlc> (Sore, arc, ola ), ^rc. , especially when a reason is

given as contained in the opinion, the words, the intention

of another ; or w/ten any one supposes a motive for doing
any thing in the mind of another. The participle future
with Mq in particular is put after verbs of all kinds to marh
an intention.

1.
Participles in the case of the preceding subject :
You advise these things as not (ovyi) intending-to-assist

(fut. part, fern, of o-uvopdw) me. (I. e., with an intention not
to assist me.)
Do not (pi) answer (speak-in-answer :
imperative) me acc ,

anything (not-at-all), as in-fact I-am-going-away (tending).

Our ( The to us) enemy is to-be-hated (hateable) so-far

as-is-consistent-with-the-expectation- that- he-will -even -love

us again hereafter and wish mid
; I shall (will) to assist my
nom
friend by doing (ministering) such (so-great) things
towards my (the) friend, as-if-he-were-not-to-remain (<l>s ov

ivithfut. part.) so always.

Those- who-abstain (The abstaining) from present art (on-

the-instant) pleasures*'
671
do it, not that (tra) they never
" *"#
(neither-at-any-time) may be made-glad
'
by it ; but

they discipline-themselves thus in-the-hope-that-they-will-

be (as) made-glad mid part ^ fry (through) this abstinence
art

(ace.) in-a-manifold-degree in-the-time-to-come.

He was said (announced?^) to-be-meditating-an-attack
on the Greeks acc .
The Athenians were making-preparations for (as) going-

to-war/K
 PARTICIPLE.

2. Genitive absolute :

As ( Whereas) theThessalians were endeavoring *""* to upset

(overturn) them, the Phocians guarded-against (guarded-
over lm ) it.
11

d<
Envying (Enviously-begrudging) her ", as (whereas) being
respected
&*" above all*" others, they were delighted ""^
1

dat
wzYA the judgment (Ionic) given against her.
3. Accusative absolute :

As-it-was-now-in-their-power to do what (whatsoever) they

wished (opt. pr. of [3ov\op.ai with av), they slew 01 (killed-

off) them.
Such-of-you-as (As-many-as) are (rvj-^avw iwv) well-
disposed to the Persians (Ionic), rejoice (be gratified) at
(on-account-of) this, under-the-expectation-that-we-shall-
overcome the Greeks**".
Not from do I say these things, but because-
insolence^"'

he-is-present (him as being-present).

Under what expectation did it occur to you to expose the
child ? Under the expectation that the God would at least
s;ivc his own offspring. (Say, To what acc of thought did it
arrive" "*
to you to cast-out"* son? As the God acc meaning-
to-save the at-least production of himself.)

Looking (Seeing) to this aec that these things will-take-

place (will become

pari
).

4. Dative absolute .

The bed-of-leaves is pressed-down, as-if (as) some-one

dat
( particular ) abode-in ?""''*"' the cave.
(Properly, as if by
some one who abides in it.)

Sometimes wv is omitted:

You-may say
in
(utter-a-voice f) every thing, as \ en
am
alone fem.
Or do you make-light-of my (the of me) fare, as-if
(as)
M 6
 THIRD PART.
a"
my food aec (plan-of-living) were more difficult to pro-
cure ' m than art
yours (gen.) ?
Sometimes the subject rovro is omitted :

But now, as these things are (havingsen

) thus, send-off?'
an expedition as-quickly-as-possible.

"il<77Tp with a participle expresses more particularly a

:
comparison
You p< will see wid (discover), just-as in the case of slaves
f
running-away and found r again, some (the indeed) of them
entreating
And wo-TTtp ti and wffTrtp
1
simply are used for "as if,
as

though"
t>f such constructions as Mrjcev aor' iaQt pe, we have had
examples. In these we is
often added:
acc
Be-assured (Know: contracted) that l know (having
neut
ascertained: pf. contracted) nothing (not-one ) of the

things of which you make-inquiry.

Know (Thinh-of) that he acc isP ar no-more in the light '

of life.

Cambyses considered""^ (thought) the lonians as (as

being) his paternal slaves.
I am-come to-announce-^*"""' that your"'' father is not

living (any-more), but has perished (pf. mid. of 6\\vpi ivith

redupl.).
He says that virtue
art
(genitive: Tcpt understood) is
capa-
ble-of-being-taught.
The people sprang-up " '
to a strife acc of
(rushed-up)

1
Xenophon combines the construction of the participle and the optative :

"fto-Trep TON API0MON rovrov 'EXONTA two. avdyKr]i> KaXovs Kal ayaOovs
fivcu, Kal OVT' Q<a Tovruv ffirovtiaiovs our' fvrbs TOVTWV irovripovs oT6v re EIH
 PARTICIPLE. 253

words we indeed saying that my lord conquered (conquer-

:

ing) but ;they (the) that that person had done so.
'2e is here omitted :
What do you
think (affirm) concerning my (the) brother*-

(own brother)? That he will come or that he loiters still?

1 wish to ascertain (perf. contracted). (The genitive par-
"
ticiple depends on Kf.pl, concerning"}
Ourwe accompanies we:
often
And now, that both the soldiers**" and the generals
gen censur-
(leaders} are-without-blame (not-having-become
able^), be-ye-convinced (thus* the conviction have).

The participle, like the adjective, does not always agree

with its substantive, in gender, number, and case.
a J P duat dat
Struck (TrXj/o-o-w) by a thunderbolt (Here
.

" struck " is in the mascidine, though said of Minerva and

Juno. The dignity of the persons is here considered, not
the genders.)

my (of me) soul prospering"""'' in-a-better-manner than

can be expressed by words dat, what should I say (assert*^)?
"
Porson calls on the " tirones to remember the canon of
"
Dawes, relative to Tragedy :
If a woman, speaking of
herself, uses the plural number, she uses also the masculine

gender ; if she uses tlie masculine gender, she uses also the
"
:
plural
Though ire have been injured' we will be-silent m y (Here
1
-'' '
.

" "
injured is in the masculine, though Medea, who speaks, is

speaking of herself.}

1
Xenophon has, 'Cs *dw uoi AOKEI ..... OVTUIS laOt, where 8oKt for
SOKOW is observable.
2 QUTW is
generally placed thus at the end, but not always. Plato :
M}>
s &C.
254 THIRD PART.

In Tragedy, the masculine is used also for the feminine,

wlien a chorus of ivomen are speaking of themselves :

I swoon (leave mid ) while looking (penetrating) into (in)

the misfortunes of men and into (in) their doings.

When tJie substantive is a collective one in the singular,
the participle is often in the plural :
""^ "'*, honor-
A. great-concourse-of-people were assembled
ing (respecting) Ceyx.
The participle is put in the singular with the plural verb,
when it expresses an action which belongs to one only of
those indicatedby the finite verb :
Let us go*"6 (give-icay), having taken 02 every thing you-
-'

want (icant of-which holds you).

The following is a contrary case ;

acc
Have ye come" 2 (arrived) to the act-of-barbarity , old-
em
man, in killing?' her as an enemy f ? Say
a 2 *"*
(Remark).
TJie participle does not always agree with its case :
dat I was acc fem
My (Me ) heart palpitated^ as hearing-of
this.

Such cases may be referred to the absolute participles.

Adverbs of time are sometimes changed into adjectives.

It does not behore a counsellor (man who-gives-counsel)

to sleep all-the-night.
So Virgil: " Nee minus JEneas se MATUTINUS agebat."

Some adverbs and conjunctions are used in peculiar senses

or formations : as also adverbial nouns.

Not-yet. (In this word there is nothing to express the

peculiar sense it bears. As also in piv rot, "nevertheless"
 ADVERB. 255
" "
or Kai rot and rat Trep, although : though in the two last KCU
may be " even")

Begonc-you-two from me. Not-so. ( This adverb is

" '"'

thought to be put for TTW piAa, wherefore ? or foi- TTWC

yna\a ; or for ov TTW juuXa, by a polite mode of refusal.)

In-vain. {Say, In-another-ivay. That is, in another way
than what one had wished or expected.)
The Attics prefix "
To-little-purpose. (Heindorf says :
-^v to aXXwe: for what reason we can but little explain")
They do not-even attempt (endeavour) it at-all (begin-
1
ning' , i. e. Kara, as in the two folloiving lines) :

In the manner (frame acc ) of fire.

In the manner (right acc ) of a wolf.
Like (aspect^) a lioness^ 6 ", that-has-brought- forth-young.
How then (therefore) will you be-able to learn? Oh
admirably- well, to-be-sure. ( The adverb is here properly
an imperative " Don't a
: mind, don't trouble yourself: it 's

clear case")
The illustrious" '" ?l
(altogether). The neighbours (near,
adv.).
sub-> dal
Neither (Not-either) let it seem" l
right to any-one to

think differently (backwards).

Ah (tw) me''"' me, I-wish-that (how ', with dv) I were-dead
3 m opt
(ruined" ).

We should add a 2 "f

grief to grief. (Put a.v twice ivith the

verb.)
And to give-it-back 2
to him da/ again (a50tc ai5) for an
acc
(the) equal time .

I wish to communicate (make-common) to him rfa '

the re-

sponse of the God. No wonder : for the-man is wise, and

conversant-with such " (art.) things.
1
That is, O that I knew how I might die.
256 THIRD PART.
But did he not reveal (respond* 1 d< "
) to you
any (none""?)
of the misfortunes (evils) which* you endure (have)?
No: for in that case you would (ay with indie.) not ever
(at-any-time) have caught"
2
me thus with craft.
You would perhaps (swiftly)* obey (a. 2. opt. m. with or)
me.
You have not-yet given P', but you will probably give re-

tribution. ("Iffwc, as is likely.)

Especially (both for-other-reasons and) because

Be assured that (oc) I will not leave-go of this^ " child 1

willingly (ivilling).
dat
But-see Ulysses is-coming in-haste (rapidity of foot).
( These particles are thus of frequent use in announcing the
entrance of a new personage on the stage.)
He swears that he will most-certainly ransack '"S the city

(toivn) of the Thebans. ( These particles are in terms of an

oath.)
Te seems to be properly an affirmative particle.
I-for-my-part. ( TJiat is, I assuredly : whatever others do,
I at least do so.)

A>) is often used in a sarcastic or ironical manner.

You p '
then (consequently) of-course, as-you-are (being
some) fond-of-learning, will gladly (pleased) endure (subj.
tvith cu') all things for-the-sake-of-learning.

It is from dae, learn : as our To wit, and the Latin

Scilicet, for Scire licet.
"
Tot (for ry), " in some measure, somehow, is used for
" indeed, " like the Latin
Quidem for Aliquidem.
" to
'Apa is from apw, connect," and unites the consequent
with the antecedent. But it is often displaced or inverted.
Oi> or OVK is often displaced :
1
Perhaps the idea of haste led to that of random and chance.
 ADVERB. 257
02 that "* them.
they would not receive"
'

They affirmed
" not " " "
(Put before affirmed. So Nego is used in Latin,)
If, as-\vill-happen (often)
Lest by-chance (often)
You do not perceive (WaiV) that you are laughed-at
nom the very men*'*", whom you ail-but
(laughcd-against ) by
(only not) adore.
So with oaov ou, where uaov, like puvov, has an adverbial
use :

But Ulysses will arrive (be arrived) immediately (as-imtch-

as neut not already). That is, all but this very minute.
And in one word :
. . . .The war acc which is imminent"" and ail-but at-hand

(being-present).
"Qaov is used in other constructions :

A wonderful deal. (Say, Wonderful

neut
as-much-as.That
is, It is wonderful how much. Livy, 2. 1. : Id MI RUM QUAN-
TUM profuit.)
And in the plural :

A great many things. (Say, Most

neut ?l
as-many-as"
eut
?'.)
A great many things. (Say, As-many-as most.)
OVK itTTtv OTTWQ is used for " it is impossible or incon-
ceivable that :" properly, " it is not possible to say how :"
..... Great-attention-to-business ar which ', will not suffer

him remain quiet. (Say, by which

to s en it is
impossible
that he shall have quietness.)

Sometimes.
On-some-occasions.
Sometimes the conjunction on is displaced :

But know (have ascertained** mid ) that you will not

I

restore it. (Say, But you will not restore, I know that.)
But know (contracted) this then (therefore), that for-my-
258 THIRD PART.
mid
part I will not cease (make-to-cease ) from doing
so. (Say,

J3ut then for my part I will not cease, this know that.)
The conjunction rt appears to be often redundant. Thus
in the sentence which recurs below :
For Alexander, as-long-indeed-as it was day (light), pur-
sued'" /^ the enemy with-all-his- might:
1

The meaning of Tt appears to be: Alexander pursued, AND

THAT TOO till night. As KOI rav-a is used:
Such (Such-as-this) a virgin (viz. Pallas) have you had
your head, and-that-too armed
11 1
(nourished ) in !

But you seem to me not to apply (hold-forward) your (the)

mind to these things, and-that-too though-you-are (being)
1
wise.

Some however think iart put for eg ore.

Herodotus frequently uses rt in an apparently redundant

sense :

acc acc
Immediately-that-they-hear that you are intending
to build-ships (Ionic) against (upon) them**"'
So in Homer we have :
dat
Resembling^ clouds (Ion.) which (add re) the son-of-

Saturn has placed (made-to-stand a l

) upon the tallest moun-
( That is, And such too as
tains dat . . .
.)

Thus also used as well as " /

oltic TE eip.1 is oloc api, for
am such a one as can" " / am able :"
a
For the Athenians w ere not (Ionic) able to do
r '
it alone

(themselves).

So substantives and adjectives are used in peculiar senses :

So-that (so-as) there was 1 "^ no (^>/) need (work) for a

siege
8
(Ionic). (Thus in Latin, Non opus est.)

1
Demosthenes supplies the ellipse : KCU ravra ywdiKa exav IIOIEI2.
though you are married.
 ADVERB, ETC. 259

But altogether (beginning"") it does not become us to

acc
hunt after impossibilities ( That is, perhaps, "from begin-
.

''
ning to end" Or, as theprincipal matter.")
Not to find (take" 2 ) any thing u-hen
(pi)) to be-able
acc
seeking for it, or not-even (nor) to seek for it at-all (the
acc
beginning ).
dat his inclination.
In-spite-of (violence ) of
Of me (this man).
To pay great attention '
to any thing. (Say, to luive rapi-

dity of any.)
To make mid a serious- business (rapidity) of any thing.
Those (the) in office.
Brushwood. Materials.
Clever in speaking (the to speak).

Where we say, Sir, the Greeks say, ^aipovit : and possibly

be "
thismay the origin of the term Seioefor uncle"
The Header will easily enlarge this list.

Prepositions are sometimes ^lsed for adverbs and conjunc-

tions, and even for verbs.
But furthermore (-rrpbg,
i. e.
rewrote)
But furthermore also ....
But afterwards (after) ....
For Alexander, as-long-indeed-as it was day (light), pur-
sued' m* the /-
enemy with-all-his-might.
Rise-up. (Say, Up: placing the accent on the first

stjlldble.)
I am present (beside). ( The preposition is accented on the

Jirst.)

1
From this ffirovtiy is Lat. stud/urn for spudium.
260 THIRD PART.
Tints also tVi and arc used for tVeori and virtari
viro : and
"
usedfor ivtan in the sense of it is possible :"
ivi is
As far as it is possible.
As far as it is in-any-way (mostly) possible
So Trupa, fj.ira.for Trapeori,

Two or more negatives strengthen a negation. Numerous

instances of this have occurred in the course of tJte work.
When a negative is compounded with a word, then the case is

:
different
They affirm things ivhich are not incredible.

When two verbs governing different cases are joined with

one substantive, it should stand with each verb in the case

required, or be repeated by a pronoun. Yet it is

often put
only once.
It shall be enjoined (ordered-to : paulo-post fut.) to the

elder to rule the younger^* ones and chastise them.

Sometimes the case is governed by the remoter verb :
I partake-of and bear the blame ^ en .
(Though n may be

supplied after both verbs.)

In the following passage the accusative ^pv/nara must be

supplied as a nominative before l\6y : flpiv av ^pi'ip.a-u a/ta

avrodev TE ^vXXe^Mvrai cat Trap* Adrjyaittiv i\drj. Somewhat
similarly the relative is not repeated in the following con-
struction :

To whom belonged (was) much property, but who was

not-in-the-least arrogant in consequence.

The imperative is used by the Attic Poets in a dependent

proposition after o7er6' o and we.

 VERB. 261

Do you know what you have to do? (Say, Knowest tliou

"
which do al -
Properly, Do, do you know what ?")
Do you know how to do it ?
"
Plautus has : " Tange, sed sciri quomodo ?

Sometimes the plural of the imperative is used, though

only one person is addressed.
4
Come-to (a. 2. pi. of your father "', my (o)
child.

The imperative is also put in the singular, though more

than one person is mentioned :
Tell" 2 (Remark) me, both Socrates and Hippocrates.
"
(Put w before Socrates")

The second person imperative sometimes receives a sulyect,

and thus stands for the third.
Let every-one of you shoot"'"*'.

Go some-one near.

The future indicative is frequently put for the present

imperative.
But do you remain.
Give-up pl not-at-all.

Wliere a verb repeated for the sake of emphasis, if the

is

verb is compounded with a preposition, that preposition is

generally omitted in the repetition.
Me you have destroyed-utterlv
a '
>'', you have destroyed
(ruined).
This may be called an anticlimax.
 THIRD PART.
Verbs are used in peculiar senses, idioms, and con-
l
structions.
2
They were taken-captive" .
(Active for Passive, like the
Latin Vapulo and Exulo.)
He is well spoken of by the citizens^". (Aicouw is "to be
spoken of:" hear ones self spoken of. So Cicero:
i. e. to
" Est hominis
ingenui velle bene AUDIRE ab omnibus")
01
They are-considered-as (hear) flatterers" ".
To be badly spoken of. (Put here the verb K\VU.)
To die. (Say, To suffer * some neui That is, n avriKEarov, .

to suffer some incurable mischief or malady.)

By what motive? (Say, What having learnt *"?)
I do well in life.
(That is, I prosper. Here do"
(i
to is

acc
I do well to any-one .
(Here "to do" is not
but Spab) or TToiiti).)

Of benefits (the pl well carried-on pf).

They liberally bestow gifts. (Say, They are-willing to

present.)
We know (contracted) that they obeyed Cyrus willingly.
(Say, We know having been-icilling
a ' part acc to obey
Cyrus*"'.)
He is-prosecuted (flies) on a charge dat of murder.
To bring-back the exiles (flying).
They think that the Gods exist. (
That is, They believe in

the Gods.)
The established (thought prneut ) usages of the country.

!
Many of these idioms have occurred in the preceding pages of this work,
but it was thought advisable to bring them and others together before the

reader in one view. The Lexicon of Donnegan has supplied the author with

most of them.
 VERB. 26-3

"
I fbr-my-part esteem thee as a God. (Here "to esteem
is vifjut), from tvhose pf. middle is vopifa above.)
6 '"
Ifyou esteem this-/' a sin.

He was reading the letter.

02 me da '
trouble (things).
They gave (Iteld-out-to)
Take care to offer" l
(pew) a sacred hecatomb to Phoebus.
Take care to offer-up sacrifices on the sacred altars^'.

(So Virgil: "CuniFACiAMvituldprofrugibus.")

You were not-in-any-way impeded"
2
(hurt) in your de-
rigiu.

They obstruct (hurt) them in their path* en .

He obeys me***". ('YTra/couw : like the Latin Obedio from
Ob and Audio.)
has perished (withdraivs having died 02 ).
He
You desire (pf. mid. of fj.tvu), ivhich is allied to paw, fj.if.iaa,

through piu) to inter (old.form) the divine Hector.

He dreads (hopes, i. e.
expects) receiving (to bear)
He engages (e. e. HOLDS himself UNDER an engagement)
to give-**" two-talents-and-a-half (third half-talent : i.e. two
tvhole talents and the third only half a
one).
I postpone it.
(Properly, /PUT it OVER to another time.)
I refer it to you. (Properly, I give it over to you.)
To commence {allot) a suit against any-one ". (For at
d<

Athens the order, in which causes were heard, was decided

lii/ drawing lots.)
be acted. (Say, He teaches a ploy.)
lie gives a play to

But the women of that place are-in-general (love some-

how " to become) handsome (engaging).
1 11

Coiiversant-with '
such (ace. neut. ivith the article) things.

1
Though this is rather an adjective.
264 THIRD PART.

AFATIAii. For he considercd-himself- fortunate (loved '"&)

a
in-being-able (if he was-able
l
PP') to save"
I

(save-entirely)
even (yovv) himself alone. Are you not satisfied to-die
e
(dying-off) with (/uera) Phocion* "? I content-myself-with
acc
the second place (order)"}
ArEIPO. To make-a-collection through the villages.

( That is, to collect money.)

'AF1. He ravages (leads and bears) the country (fields).
The court-days are held. To have a care for. (Say,
To lead through thoughtfulness^".) To honor (lead through
honor sen ). To accuse (lead through charge en ). Not
suffering the tyrannical power to pass to the third generation.

(Say, Not leading despotisms upon third-generation ").

To esteem-highly (lead greatly : as Duco in Latin). To
look upon as a friend. (Say, To lead in friends.) To
count as nothing. (Say, To lead beside nothing acc .) Let
us go "^ (i. e. ourselves). Go (i. e. yourself, as in Latin).
To be accused of murder. Well brought-up a J f1 He
da '
married m. redupl.) his (the) son to Scipio's sister acc
(a. 2.

(article).
AIPO. To 1 "1
renown. To lm war.
acquire" go-to"
mid satisfaction
To obtain (compensations) from (beside) the
murderers (having committed-murder " J **). To steal-off
(a. 2. m. with K\oirav) with the feet (dat. dual). Having
pushed-off" their (the) ships from the land.
1
Having set-
sail 01 '' with He turned-out" J P a great
seventy ships'*"'.
man. ( That is, He was raised so as to become great.) To
take courage (boldness).
AMEIBQ. To exchange one (some) thing for another
(some s). Advancing on his journey little by little.
(Say,
en p etic
Exchanging knee [/or] knee .) Short-hand-writers

successively-relieving each-other. He passes-on his (the)

 VERB. 265

way. To go-round the earth. He returns mid favor-for-

favor (well carrying-on). He returns mid ]\ke neut ?l for like"*"'.
We are-grateful-to
mtc*
the Gods arc . I will recompense""
4

To pass alm the gates.

you for this (the) act of justice*"".
The murder is avenged by murder.
BAINii. A well established & act
despotism
acc
. A
pitched
& <** battle. Solidity. (To with pf. part, neut.)
To stride " neutacc P l He
(add great "). put-himself-in-mo-
2
tion" (without augment) to-go (t'^ev).
BAAAii. To shed a tear. He suggests (throws in
me. To a 2m in (poetic) the
spirit) this to lay-up-carefully
mind (understandings). To hit a mark. To cast a 2 m
anchor.
ITA*Q. To pass a law. To procure-a-decree-for-de-
claring war To write-in-verse (make : whence " Poem"
" The cities have passed" ! '"
Poetry") or to write in prose.
laws. To accuse ""* of delinquency (illegal gen ? 1 ). To pro-
1

cure something to be written for oneself. (Say, To write" ' m

some neut.)
AlAii.M They shall receive-punishraent-from-me (give
I,

me dat compensation). Having given" 2 herself to pleasure.

To give a daughter in marriage. They surrender (u)od<m')
themselves to the Acarnanians.
AOKEO. I wish (add pot) to remain/"'. I think (add pot)
that I may brave (endure" '"f) this danger. !
I think
(add
fioi: i.e. I think to myself that it
is) it to be impossible.
to me right not to do (carry-on) these
l
It appeared"
things.
Persons in high estimation. (Say, The seeming, i.e. to be

something.) I am-resolved (add //ot) to do^ this.

Edicts.
(Ta with pf. part, pass.) I resolved (pf.
pass, third person,
with /J.OL) to die* 2 It was decreed?^ by the senate'' '.
,

Gr. Ex. N
 THIRD PART.
After they had thought fit to do so. (Put avrolg with a.
1 .
part. neut. ace. When they had agreed upon that. (Put
TO.VTO. with a. 1 .
part. neut. ace. That is, Kara TO c)oaj> avrott

Troii](Tiv ratJra.)

EIAil. I can^""y bear it. I shall be-grateful (lcnow miii

/i;m
a herald dat mid
thanks) to you.
-
Appearing-like .

EIMI. Such is my manner of acting. (Say, Of this the

manner some-how I am always.} I am in possession of my-
self. He is out-of (e'w) his-mind (himself'*"). For you
are of the number of his (the) friends. I belong-to (am of)
ar en
this city '. How-much is this worth? I wished it.

{Say, It was to me ivilling.) He was occupied about (in)

these things. I-am-at-liberty (it is to me, i. e.
lawful) to do
"1 . Here the verb curl is un-
so. Daily. (As-tnany-as days"
derstood. Or even elai. Horace has :
" Non si trecenis quot-

quot eunt dies") Daily : in one word.

EAAYNft. To make a loud-noise. Treated-with-con-

tumely'"* like (as) a slave (bondman). Not-even if his

(him
dat
) heart had been ?' hammered (pf. with Attic redupl.)
out of adamant. A man acc who had attained (pf. act. with

redupl.) to the summit (highest*

acc
) of wisdom.
He has-
lost*" P
r ass
his-senses ccc (the soul) from-the-violence-of-his-
love (amatory madness dat ).
'EPXOMAI. These things I am-about talking-of. I am-
to attempt*""-' to-exhibit
a 'm To
going .
try every thing (acc.
neut. preceded by ETTI).
To come into (through) collision
the *" J*. To mur-
with slay (come through
1

(battle*" ) enemy
Having fulfilled (pf. mid. pi. with redupl.) every-duty
der).

(through all the fairs'"

P I
).
The approaching festival.

'EXil. I am-honored (have honor) by-all (beside all 401 ).

a wonder. Artisans,
I hold it pardon (have pardon).
I

( Say, The having

the arts.) Persons ( The) residing (having,
 VERB. 267
i. e. their habitation )
1
m (dmvn-in)Asia. (ace. with article).
Stay-then. (Say, Hold in-fact.) lean (have, i.e. in my
I have done" *"*' it. I have not written to
'
it.
power) say
him for a long time. (Say, I have not [^17] sent-to a ' P UT ' to

him acc
much already the time acc
.)
I am in good health.
(Say, I well have the body.) I am unwell. (Say, 1 have
badly.) I am (have) kindly disposed towards you"". He
is (has) wholly devoted to pleasures (ace. with article). As
(As- altogether) it was (had imtf, i. e.
itself). What is your
opinion ? (Say, How you have of opinion 9) I am incensed

against you. (Say, I have you in anger.) He extols (has in

en
mouth) me. I honor (hold through honor ) you. This
art acc
discourse (word ) concerns (has towards) you . Matters

(TJie
neut
) relating
000
(having) to war . I cease (told mid )from

running (a run*"*) When (Here), if-not (unless) now, shall

we have ourselves engaged about (round) supplication"" to
the Gods? Now-is-the-time to hold""d by the shrines**" of
the Gods.

'HrEOMAI. To despise. (Add irepl with the gen. neul.

of ouSei'c. Thus dyiD, and Duco in Latin.) The leading

neut

point, or chief subject.

"HKii. I have attained v to-great-wealth (well of riches').
I have attained *"" to this neut aco degree
of daring. I am-

arrived. Which neut were-remarkable-for (come particularly

acc
to) their sizeand beauty (embellishment).
"I.STHMI. And he (who) fixed" his (the) eyes on the l

spot. But he stopped" (i. e. his ship) at (in) Amnisus.

*

10"
They put-into (stopped"
1
ships in) Argos. He
will not cease" 1 "*
committing-injustice. To make-head ""<*
against (ffpoc) any-one
occ
. To wage" "* 1
war. To conduct-
"
1
Thus Lat. " habito from " habeo, habitum."

N 2
268 THIRD PART.

one's-self midin-a-dastardly-manner during (down-in) the

war acc . was p'uP act the seventh month.
But it At the begin-
ning of the month. (Put Month gen with the
part. mid. poet.)
KINAYNEYi. You will appear-desirous to prove (ex-
a beneficent nom man
1

1
hibit 11
you
l
are"
) that
-/ .

AAMBANii. This the people took" 2 as (Trpoe) a dis-

lionor occ. The fever attacks him. He is inspired by
Rhea ar (dative). '

OIKEQ. The city is admirably (best nmtacc P ) administered. l

The habitable P*"*" ff* world (i. e. yjj) He rules the

house well.
n A2X1. To be in happy circumstances. ( Say, Well to
suffer.) To be well treated ( To suffer well) by any-one*'*".
I feel (suffer most similar*) towards persons-discussing-

philosophical-subjects (the philosophizing"")" as (as-alto-

gether) I do towards children stammering acc and playing.

How (What-any) you, Athenians (O men Athenians),
have-been-affected^ ""d by the representations of my ar' ac-
cusers^*" I have not ascertained^" "*.
1
,
On what account? 1

(Say, WJiat having suffered

a 2
?) What could one (any)
do (a, 2. opt. with av) ?
"
nOIEil. Homer represents
'
Achilles or 'as saying . . .

If (a.v) it avail V thee *". How ( What) does it affect

me <<<'? To make mty war. To adopt"
1 "*
any-one as a son.
mid s en
Announcing. (Say, Making through a messenger .)

To esteem mW highly (greatly) To think mid

highly (in
great) To think mid a disgrace (in shame).
of.

IIPA22ii. To manage state-affairs (the common? neut). - 1

To exact money (silver). To exact a m money for one't '

self. The slain &?*". ( We commonly say, " Done for")

'PIirNYMI. He broke 01 silence (voice). They burst-
into" '
tears. To dash" a denarius on the ground to try
'

its goodness.
 VERB. 269

STEPF& is used like

TEAEfl. To rank with (into) the class-of-knights. To

be-a-partizan of (into) the Boeotians. To pay the tax (i.
e
ew/
re'Aoe) iniposed-on-strangers" possess (have) land
.
They
free-from-taxation, themselves" all the while
(territory)
a pas *
receiving-toll &?*". Each anxious to be nominated l

general.
ar '
TI0HMI. I shall cause laughter to my enemies.
I will make their marriage
^ bitter to them. He made (a.
'2. m. without augment) his spirit fierce (wild) in his breast pl.
He shall propose a contest. 02 "*
They abandoned
the war. (That is, laid it down.) Let each hold (a. 2.
m. imperative) his shield ready (well). They encamped
armed. aZm the Administer-
(Say, They placed arms.)
midpi affairs in common <*at Sem I admit ""^
ing \hepublic .

acc
tfiat Philocrates alone is such a person. They were-of-
2 m e. laid it down as a principle) that life (the neut
opinion" (i.
to live) is pleasant (fair). They made" 2 m it their anxious-
2m me dat
concern (haste). They showed" a, kindness (favor).
TYrXANQ. happen to-have (having).
I He happened" 2
to be sacrificing*"*. Whether (with re) he happened f im*f
to be wishing (willing) to sell . . . He obtains pardon *"'".
He obtains permission-to-speak (words). To be-
en
punished (obtain punishment *
2
). Many things fell" to
2
my-share (me). It happened" . Should it so happen (a.
2. opt. preceded by dv). If it should so (thus) happen" 2 indic.
How would Homer have said (a. 2. with av) this, if he had-
had-occasion" 2 "& to it ? One of ordinary rank.
say (Put
\ l> with a. 2. participle : i. e. the first person who happens to
meet one.) Ordinary things. (Put TO. with a. 2.
I

part.)
Accidentally. (Put TO with a. 2. part. That is, caro.)
'YIIAPXii. Property or possessions. (Put ra with par-
N 3
270 THIRD PART.

ticiple. TJiat is, The things which are or belong to a person.

For virdpxu), from signifying to "begin to exist," means
" to exist or At thecommencement of spring. (Say,
be,")
The spring sen wifh gen, part, mid.) As occasion was
afforded, or as it could be done. (Put the neut. part. ace. :

i. e. Kara TO.)
$AINOMAl. The law appears likely to hurt-^ us. A
discourse simple and perspicuous **. The appearances (ap-
neut f l
pearing ) of the heavenly bodies.
<&EP2. I receive a reward. I give a vote. I confer a
favor on you dat. He suffers punishment for his (the of him-
occ
self) sin . To bear fruit He throws every-thing (all"'?')
into-confusion (up-and-down). To bear impatiently (hea-

vily). To
bear patiently. The road (way) leads to . . .

" Via ducitad urbem." The door acc which-

(As Virgil: ')

opens (the bearing) into the garden Lands (Farms)

lying towards the south (south-wind). Things ( The) con-
ducive (bearing) to good-health aec . His (The) thoughts
im & to this. To acquire" "1 glory.
(opinions) tended
1
It is
c " inf mid
just""" that he who-has-done" the action should bear 1

their (the of them) enmity (odium). To gain"

1 **
the
first
1teut P l
To receive w the highest neta
prize. (more ) praise.
He is
greatly extolled. He is blamed-or- hated (borne

evilly). Things
art
turn-out* ill"*. The husbandry*'"
having prospered (well borne
pr
).
To fall.
(Say, To be borne
a
downwards.) Come-on. Come, tell (iirta *) me. Thus-
for-example. (Say, For bear.)

1
Hence a road is called ayvid.
2 "
4>^> 6 7&p often occurs at the beginning of a passage, where a proof or
'

example is about to be adduced as for example,' or ' thus,' or ' let as

:

' '

suppose.' In a nearly similar sense let us take for granted,' or let us lay
"
dowu as a principle.' Donnegan.
 VERB. 271
XPAOMAI. To experience a storm (winter
dat
).
To
suffer shipwreck. To consult the God. I know (have, i. e.

the power say) not what (what-any : in the ace. neut. i. e.

to

$') I shall do (use* l *"*>') with him '.

rfa
I know not what

I shall do with myself dat. ( That is, what I shall do.)

ME A Ail has particular meanings :

intend to do it. (This is also used for a command or

I
" / am commanded or
appointment : appointed to do.'')
I
had-the-prospect (Attic impf.) of-suffering (to suffer).
Of whom he could foresee that they would praise him.

(Say, Who intended to praise futmid him.)

Out of this natural signification of jue'AAw arise two other

meanings, which must not be confounded.

(1) The supposititious conjectural meaning : Consequently
it will probably please Jove. (Say, To-such-a-pitch some~
where it intends to be dear to Jove.)

(2.) The meaning of " to delay, postpone :" But why

should-he-not (not delays) ? That is, Most certainly he will.
But the meaning is the same without the negative :
Why not ?
(Say, WJiy he delays ? That is, To be sure, by all means.)
O<J>EI Aii also is used in particular constructions :
02 ridicule da
They incurred (laughter) from you (Pro- '.

"
perly, They owed you laughter, as in Horace : Tu, nisi ventis
DEBES ludibrium, cave" As by committing offences we owe
certain things to the state, or incur from the state such and
such penalties, so we incur from individuals the penalty
of
ridicule.)
Do you see (mark) what (whichf
1 neut
) you are suffering ?
occ
It does not behove you to incur ridicule (laughter) from
the mistress (marriages dat ) of Jason, sprung ace fsm as you are
6"
from a brave (virtuous) father* and from the Sun.
"/ " Oh
v, ought," is used with an infinitive, for
N 4
272 THIRD PART.

that" " I wish

that" varying in the person, according to the

object of wish the

expressed :
Oh that (lstpei-s.) I had died" *. (Properly, I ought to
have died, but 1 live.
1
')

Oh that / did not (/zj)) live*"-.

.... For oh that / were not (/;) to be fut immortal.
Oh that (2nd pers. with ic prefixed) you had died" z
.

Oh that (3rd pers. with eide prefixed) he had died" 2

.

Oh that (3rd pers. ivith we prefixed) a storm"" had gone" 2

"
(withdrawn), bearing me forward. (" To bear forward is

For I wish that (1st pers. with ei

prefixed) I did, said
2
(affirmed" ) he.
Oh that (^nd pers. without the augment, with aide prefixed,)
you were sitting without-tears and unhurt (without-hurt) be-
side the ships (Ionic).*

One of the senses comprehended under the general idea of

Verbs is the intention or endeavor to do any thing.

Such an impetuosity of anger is
coming (goes-in-order)
upon me
dat
visibly from-Jupiter, with-the-intention-or-endea-
1
vor-of-creating (fabricating """) fear in me. (Here the endea-
vor is manifest, as Prometheus was incapable offear.)

Also a will to do a tiling : But the Athenians would

" Omnino observandum u<pe\ov non nisi turn adhiberi,

1
est, quum quis
optat, ut fuerit aliquid vel sit vel futurum sit, quod non fuit aut est aut fu-
tunim est." Hermann.
4 In later times 6<pe\ov was used with other moods and with all the persons.
;
Thus Arrian :
'O<f>e\6v TJ fj.era ravrrjs e/coi/uTJSij. Gregory :
O</>eA<5^ 75
M^ 8^ T)V wpotSpla,. So in the New Testament :
'O<peAof-/ca! airoic6tyovTcu.
And in the LXX :
'O<f>e\ov KaTtvOwdti-^crav. Callimachus uses &<pt\e with
the third person plural :
'fl^eAe ^tijS' eykvovto 3-oai vets.
 VERB. 273
neither (not-and) yield (Say, were submitting) as to the other

(ace. neut. pi. in one word) matters, nor (and not) would they
repeal (were repealing/) the decree (resolve).
Both these meanings are exemplified in the following

:
passage
But the two (ootw) Atridae rfu<" and the divine Ulysses re-
" * dual
mained , skilfully endeavoring-to-corafort (delighting)
the afflicted man : but he would not be comforted (was not
'
being delighted) in his spirit* in-any-degree, until-he-should-
enter the mouth of sanguinary war.
So Virgil of jiEneas and Dido : " JEneas. . . . LENIBAT
dictis animum, lacrymasque ciebat : Ilia solo fixos oculos
a versa tenebat."

N 5
 ENGLISH AND GREEK LEXICON.
In this Index, all nouns ending in os simply are of the second declension,
and are masculine, unless it is otherwise stated ; and all nouns in ov are of
the second, and are neuter. Nouns of the first declensiou are feminine,
unless it is otherwise stated and those of the third in a, aros and os, eos are
;

neuter. Adjectives in os, ov, are of two terminations.

The Student will add in his exercises the soft breathing at the beginning of
such words as commence with a vowel without any breathing attached.
Where such words begin with a diphthong, as ai, 01, he will place the soft
breathing on the second vowel. Thus ayavbs, owce'w.

A, is not expressed in Greek Accuracy, aicpigfta, as

Abandon, to, a<pirjnt, a. 2. affiv Accusation, eyK\ri/jia, aros
Abhor, to, oTirye'o), Tjcreo Accuse, to, eirairidofj-ai, dffofJMi
Abide, to, vaia Accused, the, 6 tpevywv
Abide-in, to, wavXlfa, aia Accuser, Kar-fiyopos
Ability, Svva/jus, ews, T} Accustomed, ijBas, dSos, o, i}

Able, olos rt Achelous, AxeAyos

Able, to be, Svvapat, fiffofj.ai Achillean, Axt^Aeios, a, ov
Able-to-fly, <f>vifju>s, ov Achilles, Ax'AAeus, 'os, 6
Abode, fieyapov Acinaces, aKii/d/cijs, ov, 6
Abominable, airoTrrvffros, ov Acknowledge, to, tyiitA, fut. <^<r

Abominate, to, /jLvcrdrrofuu, o/uu Acquaintance, one's, ol

About, iff pi Acquainted, eiS&s, via, bs
About-the time-that-the-temple-was- Acquainted-with, to be,
-burnt, UTTO rbv vr\bv KaraKatvra juat
Above (adv.), dv<a Acquiesce-in, to, artfyw, {a>
Above (prep.), Sta Act, an, irpa^is, eus, ri
Absence, ewroixn'a, as Act, to, irpdff<r<a, |w
Absent, airoixdpevos, TJ, ov Act-of-barbarity, the, TO otivbv
Absent, to be, direifju Act-of-injustice, aSlKij/ia,
aros
Absolutely, Travrdxaffiv Act-ill, to, KOKOvpytu, -fiffta

Abstain, to, airexojucu, fut. cuptl-o/jMi Act-unjustly, to, aSwce'iu, i\(r<o

Abstinence, eyicpartta, as Action, 7rp5|ts, ews, tos, i]

Abundant, cWXcois, <av Actor, 'AKTWP, opos, 6

Abundantly, dS-riv Actor, an, uiroKpirJjs, ov
Abuse, TTpoTrf}\diciffis, f(as, ft Acuteness, \irr<$T7js, ITTOS, 17

Abuse, to, irpoirTjA.ouci'fw <rw Adamant, aSd/j.as, avros, 6

Acarnanians, Atcapvaves, <ov, ol Add, to, trpoffTidfuai, a. 2. irpo
Accept, to, SfxofJ-at, |o/iat
Accept-from, to, iropaAa^.Srfi'w, irap- Addres, <j>6tyij.a, aros
e\a@ov Address, to, trpoffavSdia, i\a<a

Accompany-in-procession, to, ire/tirto, Address-prayers, to, apewjuoi, ocro.utw

jm Address-to, to, trpoo-ayopevw, a<a
Accomplish, to, xpalvca, aa>S> ; irtpaivta Addresser, Trpoo-ffyopos
Accomplishment, rt\os, eos Adequate, eiririi&e JDS, ov
According-as, Kaddirtp ; Ion. Kardirep Administer, to, oiKovopita, 4\a<a
According-to, /carek Admirable, O7aubs, }),
b/
Account, curia, as Admirably-well,
 AD AL
Admiration, SaC/xa, aros Again, aG0<? ; oC ; ird\iv
Admire, to, Sau^afcu, ffoi
Against, KOTO
Ad mire- very-much,
ffto
to, v Against-increasing, C ^
Against-the-wishes, )8ta
Admit, to, iraptrjfjii, fut. vapfff Agamemnon, h.y<mffu><iiv, ovos, o
Admonish, to, irapaKaAeai, fff6> Age, ri\iKia, as
Admonition, vovdtffia, ay Aged (i. e old), ytyovias, via, bs
Adore, to, irpoffKvveca, i\<f<e Aged-man, irpiffGvs, tus
Adorn, to, Koa-fj.fo>, fitru Agesilaus, Ayj\ffi\aas
Adrastus, 'ASpatrros Aggrieved, to be, x^fJ (pepo>
Advance, to, irpo/ij/w Agis, 'Aytr, toy, o
Advance- to, to, irapaffrdxca Agitate, to, f\avvta, fut. t\dffta
Advance - with - an - anny, to, Agree, to, vf>i6aiv<a, a. 2. ^vveSijv

Agree-to, to, 6fjio\oytw, fata

Advanced-against, ijvriti>6ri / es Agree-with, to, 6/M\oytta, ^<r&>
Advantage, aya&bv Agreeable, apeffrbs, $, bv
Advantage, to, eir&xpeAeoi, -ficrea Agreeably-to, irpbs
Advantageous, ffvfjspopos, ov Agreed, to be, <rvfj
Advantageously, ev KO\<P Ah! cu

Advantageously-situated, to be (fut.), Ah-me, olnot

Aid, Tl/Map7]^j.a, aros
Adventure-upon, to, <uni\a/j.dvti> Ail, to, K<ifj.vta, afjuo

Adversary, cuniSucos Aim, to, opeyofuu,

Advice, /3ouAev/ta, OTOS Aim-at, to, ajcovrtfa, eta
Advise, to, vovdertm, fierce Air, eu(H/p, epos, 6
JEge&n, Aiycuos, a, ov Ajax, Alas, euros, &
ygina, Aiylva, TJS Akin, a$e\<t>bs, ^, by
^Egis-holding, cuyi6xos, ov Alarmed, SeSiws j
to be alarmed, 8*

s, Atyei'as, ov, 6 Alas, tytv

./Enesius, Atvfiffios
jtolians, AtoXe'es,
./Ethiopians, AtSiWes
Afar, rfj\t
Afar-off, air6irpodfv
Affairs, irpa-y^ara, <av
Affection, <pi\6rtjs, IJTOS,
Affections, (TriOvfuai, uv
Affirm, to, tprifj.1,
Afflict, to, ai/tcua, ocrta
Alcidas, AAxiSas, ov, o
eis, dat. eueri, ot Alcinous, AAftiVoos
ui>, ol Alcmieon, AAjcjuataiv, uvos, o
Alcmene, A\K/j.fivji, TJS
Alexander, AA.'|o'8pos
Alive, fwos, )j, bv
y All, iras, Sera, ac ; airas, euro, of
Ail-but, 6ffovo^
t<pi)v All-common, vdyKotvos, ov
All-the-infantry, iraffa T> ffroana r/

Afflicted, a/cox^MeVoj, TJ, ov "fl

Affliction, ihjfjuivii, ys All-the-night (adj.), irwvux'os, "^
Afford, to, fvSiSu/j.i, fut. wSwo-t* All-together, liJ/uiras, aaa, av

Affrighted, he was, 8i'e (poet.) All-wailing, TavSo/cpuTos, ov

Affront, Spifffj.a, aros All- wretched ,-iravr\-fifuav, ov
Afraid, to be, ffiSoficu Allege-against, to, Kteniyopfu, -fiffu

After (conjunct.), tirel Alliance, |v^uax^ a > ay

After (prep.), /uerA Allied, ^vwoftos, ov
Atter-Solon-departed, /u.rri Allied-with, to be, o-vvttfu, fut. ffux
OlXOfifVOV fffOfUU
After-that, eirsjto Allot, to, \ayxdvu, a. 2. eXoxo"
Afterwards, vampov Allotment, ju<$pos
 AL AR 277
Allow, to, eiriTpeirv, ty<a, a. 2. fire- Announce, to, ayye\\u, f\ia
rpawov Announce-from, to, eJoyyeAXco, eAai
Ally, ffvfj.ij.axos Announce-round-about, to, irepiay-
Alone, fjjvos, 77, ov ; olos, a., ov yt\\ta, eXcD
Along-with, jUTo Announce-to, to, (ffayyf\\w, e\u
Already, ^5?j Annoy, to, aviaca, dffu
Also, Kal Another, d\\os, if, o ; trtpos, a, ov
Altar, fiufibs Answer, to, afj.dSofj.at, ^o/uai
Alter, to, Kivfw, i\ffw Ant, fj.vpfj.71^, TJKOS, ri

Although, Kalroi Antiates, Avriarai, wv, ol

Altogether, irdvv Anticipate, to, Trpoopdw
Altogether-beftutifully, irayKa.\<as Antiphon, Avrupuv, iavros, 6
Altogether-difficult, Trayxd\firos t ov Anxiety, /ueAe'Srjjua, aros
Always, act ;
aid ;
aitv Anxious, ffirovo'dfav
Am, I, ftfj.1 Anxious, to be, fj.fpifj.vdu, -riffta
Am-in, I, evtifu Anxious-for, ff\S6/j.vos
Amasis, 'A/JMTIS, tos, Ionic, o Any, TIS, TI, gen. tivos
Amatory, fpwriKbs, fy, bv Any-longer, ert
*TI
Ambiguous, a/j.<piSo\os, av Any-more,
Ambition, <pi\oTlfj.ia, as Any-one, TJS, rt, gen. TWOS, dat. fan,
Ambitious-desire, <p\orlfj.'ia, as Tfl
Ambitious-of-fame, <pt\o$oos, ov Anytus, 'Avvros
Ambrosial, afj.p6ffios, a, ov Apart, to be, oTre'xw
Ambush, \6xos Apart-from, andvtvdf, ev
Amidst, /uerek Ape, iri6riKos
Amity, <pi\ia, as Apollo, Air6\\cav, tavos, 6
Amnisus, A/xfi<rbs Apollodorus, A.iro\\6o'iopos
Among, ev to, <paivou.ai, fut. (pavov/j.c.i
Appear,
Amphionian, A.tut>i6vios, a, ov Appear-before, to, Trpo<f>aivo/jMi, a. 2.
Amphitryo, AtufHTptiuv, tavos, 6 irpoiHpdvrjv
Amulet, auuvriipiov Appear-desirous, to, wSurctfo, era

Amuse, to, Tfpwai, tya Appease, to, juoXOoKi'fw, a<a

An, is not expressed in Greek Appellation, fTruvv,u.ia, as
Ancaeus, Ay/talcs Appertain, to, vpoff^Kia, ^01
Ancestors, irp&yovoi Apple, fj.fi\ov
Anchises, A7X' ff1 JJi "> Apply, to, 5Wco/it, a. 2. e'Scuf
Ancient, ira\ails, a, ov fut. Kara-
Appoint, to, Ka0io~Tr)fu ;

Anciently, rb ira'Aai ffrijau. To be appointed,

And, Kal. Also re after a word, as
Que in Latin. And 5c Appoint-instead, to,
And-in-case, KO.V eio>
And-not, fiySe Apprehend, to, viroirrevta,
And-that-too Kal ravra , Apprehensive, to be,
And-whether, tin Approach, 4<f>oSos, ^
Anger, opry)j, TJS <ra>
Approach, to, ryytfa,
Angrily, opyfj Approved, tvSoKi/wv, ova~a, ovv
Angry, ofuflujuoy, ov Apt, Sftvbs, )], bv
^ D g ry> to be, xoAcirafcw avw , Aptly, tKavais
Anguish, otivvrj, rjs A radians, Apdtitoi, <av
Animal, faov Archedice, ApxSi/cTj. TJJ

Animate-one-another, to, wapoK- Archelaus, Apx&aos

\.fVO/MH, ffO/JMt Archer, To{<$T7jy, ov
 AR AS

Archidamus, As-for-the-present, ra eis rb irapbv

Archon, dpxw, omos As-good-as-possible, ori &f\rurros
Archonship, ap\^i, ijs As-he-moved, avrov KlvijOfvros
Ardent, fifftauis, via, bs As -I-have-anticipated-you -in -doing,
Ardiasus, ApSuuos
Argilius, Ap7iAjos As-if, wad
Argives, Apyeioi, <av As-is-consistent-with-the-expectation-
Argos, 'Apyos, tos, rb that-he-will-even-love, <J>s Kal <pi-
Argue, to, Koriiyopew, i\aa \rifftav

Argument, \6yos As-it-was-now-in-their-power, us ebv

Arimaspus, Apipaffirbs ijSTj ourols

Arlon, Apluv, ovos, & As-it- was-right-they-should , 5 ov

Arise, to, avlffTTi/jLi, a. 2. avtffTi\v As-long-as, fis o<rov
Aristagoras, Apio-rcrydpas, ov, Ion. As-long-indeed-as, es rt fj.tv

ca>, 6 As-many-as, ocrot, at, a

Aristeus, Apurrtvs, tws, & As-many-soever-as, Sffoiirtp, otranrtp,
Aristocrat, apioTo/cpem/cbs
Arm (of the body), irrjxvs > f s> > As-men-went, i6vruv
and u\fvi\, TJS As-much, roffovros, ToffcvuTri, ro-
Arm, to, OTr\ia>, <ru> ffOVTO
Armament, ffrpdrevfia, aros As-much-as, 8o-os, t\, ov
Armed, evoirAos, ov As-prosperous-as-possible, v5ai/xo-
Armed-with-a-spear, to be, 8opv^o-
po>, fjfffa As-quickly-as-possible, &s rdxuTTa
Armed-with-a-sword, ^ujn)<p6pos, ov As-rapidly-as-possible, '6aov -rdxurra.
Armenian, an, ApjutVio? As-regarded, Kara.
Armour, TO SirAo As-soon-as, STTWS rdxurra
Arms, rei>xf a, <av ; Sir\a, <ov As-soon-as-ever, eiredv itfp ; ftrtav

Army, trrparbs ; tfrpArevfitt, aros ;

ffrpafih, os As - the- Athenians - were - themsel ves-

Around, adv. irepj -convinced, u>s Kal avruv Kasrty-
Arrange, to, rdffa-o), |w viaKorwv
Arrangement-in-battle, T<|IJ, ews, TJ As-to-dying, rb Ka.T6a.vfiv
Arranger, 86T7;j, ov As-to-suppose, SO-TJS a.v inro\a.oi
Arrive, to, epxofMt, fut. As-well-as, 7j5e
a. 2. -fi\vdoi>, ri\6ov Ascend, to, ea>a8alvo>, a. 2. avet)v
Arrive-upon, to, 6<^/cw, { ALScertain, to, ejSew, pf. mid. o?5o,
Arrived, to be, %KU, |o> pluf. Attic 3rd pers. jjSrj, Tj'See
Arrogant, yavpos, a, ov '
Ashamed, to be, Mffxtivofuu
Arrow, rdfov ;
ibs ; Ashamed-of, to be, aiffxtvoncti
Art, TXITJ, i)S Asia, Affia, as
Art-of-imagery, eiSwAoiroiDc^J, Ask, to, fpcardai, fjffot
Art-of-riding, ImriK^, TJS Ask- about, to, tirtpoiuu, Ion. tittipo*
Artabanus, Apra.Sa.vos |MH
Articulately-speaking, /ucpoif', Ask-for, to, Seo^ai
As, us Asleep, Kad' VTTVOV
As-altogether, &<rirep Asopus, Atranrbs
As-far-as, /ca0' 8<roi' Aspect, Sfpy/jM, aros
As-far-as-coneerns, 8iro irpbs Assail, to, fim(Qffi.tu
As-far-at-least-as-it-regards, Assassinate, to, /coiVw, fut. KO.VW
TOVTti Assemblage, ddpoifffM, OTOS
As-far-indeed-as, is yovv Assemble, to, aysipw, tpu
 AS BA 279
Assembly, dyvpis, los, rj Attack, to, b
Assenibly-of-all-the-people, Attempt,
piy, ecus, fi Attempt, to, e7rx'p<w, i^ffw

Assert, to, <p??jul,

a. 1. <prj<ra, a. 2. Attend, to, K\VW
f<frr)v Attend-to, to, eirtfj.f\(0fj.ai, TJo-o/uat

Assiduous, iroAAby, );, l>v Attendant, oirdSbs

Assist, to, <a<pf\e<a, T\<T<I> Attended-hirt-as-spear-bearers, 65o-

Assist-against, to, enioT)8tii>, TICTU pv<f>Apow avrbv

Assistance, oi<J)\rj/io, aros Attention, eir/t\Ja, ay
Assistants, oiKtrai, >v, ol Attentive, to be, avaKus e'x
Associate, erapoy Attic, Arrifcby, };, J)!'

Associate-with, to, 6nl\fa, fata Attica, ATTJK^, ijs

Assume, to, irapa\a/j.Sdi>ca, a. 2. irap- Augeas, Avyeas, ov, &

f\aov Aurora, Hiy, 6os, ovs, i)

Assyrian, A.a<rvpios, a, ov Auspices, oitavol, S>v

Astonish, to, tKir\r)o-ff(a, a. 2. e|e- Auspicious, fixpri/jLos, ov
ir\ayov Author, otTtoy ; utrairios
Astronomy, tunpovo^ia., ay Authority, a|ia>,ua, OTOS
Astyages, Affrvdyris, ov,
6 Autumn, oireopa, as
Astyanax, Affrvdva^, vcutTOS, 6 Autumnal, oirwplvbs, )?, bv
Astyochus, A<rra>xos Auxiliaries, |u/x^axo, <av
At, tv Auxiliary, eir/Kovpos, ov
At-all, iravrdiraffiv Avail, to, to-)(w>. ffta
At-any-time, irort Avenge, to, o/itvo/ioi, ovfuu
At-first, irpurov Avenge-myself-on, to, ri^copto/uoi, <j-

At-his-coming, ol t\66vrt
At-home, /tar' OLKOVS Averse-from, to be, airo<TTpt<ponai
At-last, T(\cvTdiot> Averter-of-evils, airorp<raioy
At-leat, ye after another word Avoid, to, airo<pevyw, |co

At-Memphis, tv Me'/iu/u Await, to, \xplffnfifjLt, a. 2. vrti

At-my-hands, irpbs e/uoO Aware, to be, olSa

At-night, WKrbs Axe, irf\fKvs, tias, 6
At-other-times, d\\ort
At-Sais, fs 2aiV
At-some-time, irort B
At-the-hands-of, trpbs
At-the-moment, irapavriKa Babble, to, Sbpofw, rfjcrw
At-the-most, juoAto-ra Babe, 0pt<pos, eoy
At-the-order-of-Xerxes, Kf\diff<unos Babylon, BaffuA.oji', aii'oy, rj
Babylonian, Eav\tavios, a, ov
At-the-public-expense, Bacchanals, Baxi, if at ,

At-t he-same-time, a/ua Bacchus, Atowoy ; Baxxswy, <ws, 6

At-the-side-of, irapo Back, aimy ; eki|/ ; oirfVai
At-the-time-when, yv'iKa. Back, a, fwroy ; /jLtraQptvov
At-what-time, irrjw'Ka Backwards, irdbiv
At-what-time-soever, ftrfiSit Bad, Ko/cby, }?, be, superl. ceuciffTOS)
Athenian, A.6rivcuos, a, ov ij, ov
Athenians, the, AOrjcauH, oiv Bad-doing, SuoTrpol/a, ay
Athens, AOfjvoi, <av, ai Bad-fortune, aTvx''a, as
Atrida;, the, ArpfTSai, uv, ol Badly, KO.KWS
Atrides, ArpeiS?;!, ov, o Badness, KOKta, as
Attachment, 7uepoy Band, re\afuav, &vos, 6
280 BA BE

Banished, to be, eniriirru a. 2. Because-they-now-ruled-tlie-*fea, $a-

itfaov \affffOKparovvTcav
Banishment, <t>vy)}, TJS Because-they-were, 810 rb tlvai
Bank, aK-rij, TJS ; 6x&n, r)s Become, to, yivonai, yiyvoficu, fut.

Barbarian, ftdpSapos yfirfjffofiicu, a. 2. eyevofj.r)v, p. m.

Barbaric, &apapiKbs, $7, bv y4yova
Barbarous, fidpapos, ov Become-superior-to, to, ireptyivo/j.at,
Barter, to. a.VTa\\dffffo/JMi, a. 2. Trepieyev6firiv
Base, ovnSavbs, fy, 'bv Becomes, it, irpeitfi
Base, most, ai<r\ujros, i\, ov Becoming, most, evirpeirtaTwros, rj,

Bath, \otTpbv ov
r
Batter, to, K6ir r<a, ifw Becoming, to be, irpoaiiKta, o

Battering, a, KTVTTOS Bed, \^x os > fos j fvvij, -^s

Battle, pdxri, ijs Bed-fellow, ffvvevvos
Bawl-out, to, yr)pvofj.at, (ro/uot Bed-of-)eaves, (pv\\as, dSos, i]

Bawling, a, Ke Bedew, to, 5ewt>, a<a

Be, to fi/j.1, fts Befitting, most, eirirriStcararos, -rj, ov
Be-above, to, itfpiyivopMi., a. 2. ire- Before (prep.), irpb with genitive ;

pieyev6/j,r)v trdpot6t
Be-in, to, eveifu
Beach, O/CT^J, TJS Before-now,
Beaker, Se'iroy, rb Before-thai, irplv ^
Beam, Soifbs, rj Before-this, roirplv
Beam, to, acrrpdirru, <|/ Beg, to, cctrew, 4\au>
Bean, rua/u.oj Beg-of, to, iitveofMi
Bear, to, <pfpo>, fut. oiffta, a. 1 .
fivtyKa ; Beget, to, T'IKTU, a. 2. (TtKov
(pOpftii Beggar, TTTOIXOS
Bear-apart, to, Sia^epou Begin, to, vira.px<a, {CD ; dpx<t>
Bear-arms, to, oiXM c'Ca'> (rco Begin-from, to, aTrdpxo/jiai, ofi.ai
Bear-ialse-witness, to, tyev Beginning, apx^i, TIS
Begone-you-two, aTra\\dxSrjrov
Bear-in-mind, to, tJttfu>dafUU, ^(To/tot Begrudge, to, /jityaipta, apto
Bear-myse!f, I, oixo/u', a. 2. tfx6. Behest, e^^T/u??, ys
P*P Behind, 6iri<r6f, fv ; Hfr6iri.a6t
Bear-the-palm, to, Ka\\icrr(vofj.ai Behold, iSov
Bear-to-see, to, avixofj-cu 6puv Behold, to, eiSai, a. 2. fTSov, iSov ; pf.
Bear-to-see-without-hindering-it, to> mid. o5o
Beholder, oir-rrjp, rjpos
Bear- with, to, , a. 2. t]vet- Behoves, it, xpb> inipf. (XP^ V >
Set
Behoving-him-as-it-does, xo* l'>v H iv
Bear-witness, to,
/Mtprvpfu, fjiroj Believe, to, irurrfvu, au
Beard, Ttuyuv, uvos, 6 ; yivfiov Bellow, to, Tra.pa.iMKdofJ.Cu
Beast, Krr/vos, fos Bellows, <pvo~ai, <ov, at
Beast-of-burden, virofyyiov Belong, to, Ij/fw, {&>
Beat, to, irXiiffata, |w Below, ndrca
Beat-out, to, apdaffta, |<u Bench, KKifffibs
Beat-upon, to, eiri^Trrta, fyca Bend, to, itd/j.irTu, ptyta

Beating, a, irirv\os Bend-to-the-ground, to, 7)/uua>, tru

!
Beautiful, Ka\bs, n, bv Beneath, fnrfVfpBt
Beautiful-haired, rivKo/.ios, ov Benefactor, tvtpyfTijs, ov
Beauty, X<xps, tros, rj lieneficent, xP7 (Tr ^
l

Because, OTI ; Sidr* Beneficent-conduct, ayuBotpyio., at

 BE BO 281

Beneficial, w^e'Ai^os, o, ov Blockade, to, fQopnica, i\ata

Benefit, evtpytffia, as Blood, cujua, arus

Benefit, to, fveoyfriw, yaw Blood-stained, nicdtyovos, ov

Bequeath, to, /caToAenro), a. 2. Kart- Bloody, SlaifMs, ov

\tirov Bloom, to, oKfJuifa, au
Bereave, to, vofftyifo, ffu Blow, ir\ijyi), ijs
Bereavement, x*) TOS , fOS Blow-the-nose, to, airo/ii/TTo/ucu, {o-

Bereft, fj.6vos, TJ, ov |MH

Bereft-ot'-her-mother, ojwjTwp, opos Blowing, aros
a, irvevna,
Beseech, to, \iao~o(w.'. Blunt, Kwpbs, }/, bv
Beside, irapa Boar, vs, gen. vbs ; ffvs, gen. avbs ;

Besiege, to, iro\iopKtt>i, fjffu Kdtrpos

Best, dpiaTos, TJ, ov ; /SeArioros, 77, Boast, tvx<e\i], TJS
ov Boasting, a, tvxos, tot
Bestow, to, irapaStSwjiu, fut. irapafiu- Boat, ff/coipTj, ijs
ffu, a. 1. irapeSwKa Body, ffOafM., OTOS
Betray, to, 7rpo5t8o>fu, a. 2. irpotStav Body-guard, <j>v\a* TOV o~dfj.aros
r

Better, apf ivcav, ov ; f$t\T m>v, ov Bceotia, Boteuri'a, as

Better (adv.), dftftvov Bceotians, Boua-rol
Bewail, to, o-rtvu, fvw Bold, a-)ffr\ioi, a, ov
Bewail-thoroughly, to, KaraKAo/w, Bolder, Ki/vrtpos
avow Boldly-dare, to, &ap<r'a>, i\a<a
Bewailing, 65vpaa, aros
a, Boldness, dpdVoy, eos ; S-aptroj, tos
Beware, to, <pv\daao/Mi, or rrofuu t Bond, Sfffiibs
fut. |(j;uai Bondman, 5ov\os
Beware-of, to, as the one before Bone, offrtov
Beyond, Wpa Book, &i\iov
Bias, Bias, euros, o Boots, it, (pays), \vei

Bid, to, \fyu, |w Booty, \da, as ; Ionic ATjfr;, ris

Big, tt-tya-s, feni. ^.cyoiATj, neul. /urya Border-on, to, ^Ojitai, fut. c|ojua<
Bigger, pdfav, ov Boreas, Bop^as, ov, 6
Bind, to, 5ea>, fiffu ; pf. pass. Se'Sc/uai Born, yeyus
Bind-down, to, Karattca, rjffu Born, to be, yivo/j.ai, a. 2. eyev6/j.i]v
Bind-thoroughly, to, ejcSeu) Borysthenes, 'Bopvo-04vijs, eos, o
Bind-with-clasps, to, Teopirdw, dffv Bosporus, Brftnropos
Bird, 6pvis, viOos, o, rj ; opvtov Both, dufyw, olv au<p6rfpos, a, ov
;

Birth, fivos, tos Both . . . and, KO! . . . KOI. Also, re

. . . T. Also, re ... /cal
Biting, ST/KT^PJOJ, a, ov
Bitter, irtKpbs, ek, ov Both-by-many - other - proofs-and -es-
Black, n&\as, aiva, av pecially, rrj re oAAp iroAAox^ *<&
Black-eye-browed, xvav6<t>pvs, v t^KOl
Blamable, vtfjieo-ijrb^, rj, ov Both-his-eyes (ace.), 8rAs o^s
Blame, atria, as Both-whether, etrt
Blame, to, ovofj.a.i Bough, KAaSos
Blameless, anvfuav, ov Bought, to be, aivyrbs, };, bv
Blasphemy, &\t>ur<pr)nia, as Bound, to, (TKtprdia, ficriu

Blast, itvo^i, W Bound-fast, Trpoo-jropTrdroj, bv

Blaze, to, Katojuai Bow, r6ov ; /3tbj
Blessed, /xa/cap, aipa, op Bow-shot, r6^fVfjM, aros
JMessed-by-the-Gods, tvSaiiwv, ov Bowels, vi)5vs, vos, i]
Blind, fv<p\bs, b, bit Bowl, KpciTTjp, ^pos, 6
Block-up, to, <(>pdo-ff<a, {w Box, to, SiaTru/cTeOcc, ffoi
282 BO CA

Boy, ircus, gen. Broad, tvpvs, e?a, t>

Branch, Trr6p8os Broad-leaved, ravv<f>v\\os, ov
Brand, trriyna, aros Brood, rpo<pri, TJS
Brand, to, orifw, u> Brother, o8A<j>bs ; Kafflynjrot
Brandish, to, Ttd\\w Brotherly, aSe/vcbs, ^, bv
Brass, x<"**ta Brotherly-love, <pi\aSe\<f>ia, as
Brat, iraiSiov Brought-up-with, ouorpocpoj, ov
Brave, Spcurvs, tia, it Bruise, to, avvrpiGtu, yte (I)
Brave-minded, KpaTep6<ppuv, ov Brushwood, SAT;
Brave-spirit, ew^ux' a > as Bucephalus, Boi/K6<jxoAos
Bravery, oX/rij, TJS Bucolic, /SovKoAj/cby, {), br
Bravest, dpurros, TJ, vo Build, tO, OlKo5o/Xe'aj, 7J(TO)
Brazen, x<&Kf"*, a, ov ; x&Xitfi Build-beside, to, rapMnlaiilw, t;(ra)
Brazier, x a*> Kf *' s > *' os Attic 'ws Build-ships, to, infin. Ion. vai;in)7-
Breadth, irAdror, toy c<r0a< yeas

Break, to, dy<a, fut. d|o> Build-the-wall, to, Tex'Cw >

ffta

Breakfast, dpurrov (a is long) Building, oiKoSofj.ia, or

Breaking-up, 8id\v<ris, s, ^ Bull, roCpoy
Breast, <TT7j0os, eos Bulwark, irp66\rnj.a, aros
Breath, ij'vx^. ?js Burden, d%dos, eos
Breathe, to, irvtoi, evau Burdened, to be, ye'^w
Breathing, Burn, to, (&pto
Brethren, Burn, to (i. e. to love), Ka/o/uai
Bribe, 5wpov Burn-completely, to, eKKaiw, avffia
Bribe, to, Trapdyu, |a> Burn-downright, to, KorotpAe-yco, <a
Bride, fj.e\\6vvfj.<pos, ov, fj Burn-in, to, eyU7rp^0a>, crw

Bridegroom, vi//u<^tos Burn-under, to, inroirpr\0<a, uia

Bridge, yttyvpa, as Burst, to, airop'pTjyvv/j.i, fut. awopp^|a

Brief, &paxvs, e?a, i> Burst-together, to, ffvfp^fiyvvfu
Bright, \a/iirpis, a, bv Bury, to, don-To;, if^wj a. 2. (ra<pov

Brightness, <r\as, oror, rb Business, epyov

Brimstone, &eov Busying-himself, (\Hrff6fi.fvos, TJ, ov
Bring, to, (pfpcs, fut. ourco, perf. ^i/ry- But, oAAo. And 5e which is placed
X, a. 2. rjvfyKov, a. 1. -fiveuca after words, like Autem in Latin

Bring-back, to, KOT^W, ^o But-just-now, apr'uas

Bring-back-word, to, cmceyyeK^ta, But-see, Kal nfyv
f\ia Buy, to, ayopdfa, ffta ; irpla/iai

Bring-forth, to, TIKTW, fut. Te|a), a. 2. By, inrb

fTfKOV By -far, /j.aKp$
Bring-forward, to, irpo<pfp<a By-my-not-dying, rb u^j on
Bring-help, to, fio-nQtw, TJCTOJ By-night, wKrbs
Bring-in, to, fiaipoptta, r\ata By-no-raeans, ,ur;5aais
Bring-into, to, fffdyu, dfya By-reason-of, UJT*P
Bring-on, to, eirupepu By-the-side-of, irauk
Bring-out, to, fKtpfpo) By-turns, rb jucpos
Bring-to, to, tirayiveca By-which, v<p' OTOV
Bring-to-an-end, to, eiriTf\(w, ecru
Bring-to-pass, to, ipSta ; epSco
Bring-under, to, 5dfj.v7ifj.t
!
Bring-up, to. ir/ioffd'vw a. 2. irpo<r n-
yov Cable, irpvfj.vr)ffiov
Britons, BpsTTOj^l, uv Cadmus, Kci5/xos
 C.E CH 283

Cfficias, Kai/cfas, ov, 6 Case, 8/K1J,

Caesar, Kotcrop, apos, & Cassandra, ,
as
Calamitous, Svarvxhs, es; compara- Cast, to, fyjiu, a, 1. $/ca
tive -fortpos, a, ov Cast-around, to, a/i</)i6<AAw, a. 2.

Calamity, ffvfupopk, as ; viupopk, as a/J.(pfa\ov

Calculation, \oyiffnbs Cast-at, to, irpoff6d\\<a
Caldron, X'rjs, TJTOS, & Cast-before, to, irpoGd\\ia
Calends, K.d\avScu, <av, 01 Cast-forth, to, irpofrifii

Calf, n&ffxos Cast-ofF, to, airoriOyfju, a. 2. oir'07)'

Call, to, Ko\4(a, fffca
perf. KKd\7jfco,
; Cast-out, to, eKgoAAw, fut. fic\riffu
KtK\riKa. Poet. /coAettr/cw Cast-round, to, irtpiGd\\<o
Call-out, to, (WdKoAeco Cast-under, to, virofietAAw, a. 2. fore'-

Call-out-to, to, /3oco> a\ot

Call-to, to, KtK\o/*.cu Castalia, KacrroXia, as
Call-to-mind, to, /iljuvopai Catch, to, alpfoi, fl\uv
Callias, KoAAfas, ou, 6 Catching, a, rfypa, as
Callicrates, KaAAtKpdVijs, fos, ovs, 6 Cattle, juf}A.a, tav

Calumniate, to, 5(aaAAeu, fut. a\> Caunians, Kawioi, uv

Cambyses, ov
K.afj.Gvo-i)s, ; ace. eo, Caunus, KaCvos, TJ
i\v, 6 Cause, SIKIJ, TJS
Came, I, rj\vdov, TJ\6ov Cause, to, troie<a, 4\a<o
Camp, ffrparbs ; (TTpardtrfSov Cause-the-death-of, to, aT(5\Awju, fut.
Can, I, Sup<x;ua(, f ao/.<.ai l

Can-bawl, yeycave $oi]aa.s Cause-to-stand, to, fcrrdw

Can-not, OVK f\<a
I, Causing-many-tears, iro

Cana, Kava (undeclined), ^

Candle, \i>x"os Cautious, to be, (v\a6toiMt,
Capable-of-being-taken, Cautiously, \(\oyio-(i.fv<as
Cavalry, linreis, fiav t ol
Capable-of-being- taught, Cave, dvrpov
Capable-of-teaching, 55o<r/coAi/ci)S', ) Cavern, dvrpov
bf Cease, to, \iryw, |w
Capaneus, Kairavtvs, etas, o Cecrops, Ke'/cpo^, oiros, o
Captain, \ox-ybs Celebrate, to, dyw, {
Captive (fern.), ouXA"*^ a>T '*> ^5os Celebrated, K\fivbs, ij, 'ov
Capture, oA.w<riy, eoiy, ^ Celestial, oupactos, a, ov
Capture, to, ot'pt'w, a. 2. ilXov Censurable, jte/rTrrbs, ^, ov
Car, ($xos Censure, to, /xc'/u<?>ojua(, t^o/uat
Card-wool, to, aivto, eww Centre, icevrpov
Care, /j.f\f5rj/M, aros Cephalus, K.4<j>a\os
Care, to, K^So/xat Ceres, ATJJUTJTTJP, repos, and rpos, T)

Care-about, to, fi4Sofj.at Certain, a, TIS, rt ; gen.

Care-worn, ft.(\fos, a, ov Certainly, ij
Carefulness, cirijucActa, as Certainly, most,
Caria, Kdpia, as Ceyx, Kijii^, UKOS, o
Carian, Kdpi/cbs, ^, bv Chagrined, to be, Sdirrofuu atop
C.irians, Kapes, uv, ol Cham, Seffftbs
dnringe, 8t'<f>pos Chain, to, KaraSfu^o-ta
Carry, to, tfyo;, w ; (fe'pco Chained, Sffffuariis, ov
Carry-on, to, Sptfa, rfffw Chair, 8f<ppos &p6vos
;

Curi-.oad, rpiSos a/iafi^pTjs, Challenge, to, irpoKoAfo/uu, ttro/iuu

Carthage, Kapx'jSoiv, dvos, ^ Chalybes, Xd\v8(s, uv, ol
284- CH CO

Chamber, Cl?.mor, to, fiodai, ii<ra>

Chance, rvxn, TJS Clandestine, ffK6nos, a, ov
Chance, to, rvyxdvoo, fut. -rvxftffw, Class, to, Staiptv, rjffu
a. 2. trvxov ; Kvp4<a, fjffu Class-of-knights, linra.s, d5os, TJ

Change, /j.frao\i], rjs Clean, Kadapbs, a, by

Change, to, oAAd<r<r<, | Clean, to, KaOaipu, apta, a. 1 . CKCI-

Change-one-afler-the-other, to, fj.tr- (typa

, Cleander, K\4avSpos
Changed-their-decision, fj.fr fyvuffav Cleanse, to, KaQapifa, <r

Chanting, a, /toAir};, rjs Clear, S^Aoy, 77, ov

Character, Sd|o, rjs Clear, to, e\vOep6<e, &ff<a
Charge, atria, as Clearchus, K\eapxos
Charge, to, tirtTptirta, tyta Clearly, ropcas
Charge-with-blame, to, amao/uai, Cleave-steadfastly-to, to, f/ji/j.tv<v,

dffofuu fvia

Chariot, op/no, arcs Cleon, K\etav, uvos, u

Charming, i/j.tp6fis, 6tffffa, 6ev Clever, Sfivbs, r/, bv
Chastise, to, Ko\dfa, <r Clever, to be, <ppovew, ^<rw
Cheat, to, tytvSia, <rw Cliff, ffn6irf\os
Cheek, wapijts, 18os, ^ ; iraptia, as Close-on, CTT!

Cherish, to, ffrepyu Close-upon, eirl

Chersonesus, Xtp<r6vri<Tos, ii Close-with, fjifra
Chians, XTot, uv Clothe, to, a(juj>ievwfi.i, fut. a/^ipifffu

Chief, irpSrros, ij, ov Clothe-upon, to, cirievvv/j.i

Chief, a, apuri-evs, tot Clothes, fa-Gyres, uv, at
Chiefly, e'|ox ; e^&x 015 Cloud, Vf(pf\1), TJJ ; VttyOS, 09
Child, ira'is, iraiSbs, 6, i) ;
TtKVOV Cluster-of-hair, f$6ffrpvx.os
Childless, avais, a<8os Clytemnestra, K\vraifj.v^o-rpa, as
(/'hin, ytvewv Clytomedes, K\vronrf5r]s, ov, accus.
Chios, Xios, T) fa, i\v t b
Chiron, Xeipuv, uvos, 6 Coast, yea, yri, gen. 4as, ijs

Choice, a"pt<ns, fus, ij Cobbler, <r/curet>s, fas

Choose, to, alptoa, riffu, a. 2. et\ov Cognate, (rvyyevrjs, ts
Choose-out, to, fK\tyo/j.ai Coincide, to, vvtj.5ca, dffu
Choose-to-remain-idle-in-the-battle, Cold, if/v^as, fos ; pTyos, eos
to, e6e\OKa.Kta Collect, to, <ruX\ty<a, |w
Chop, to, K&irr(a, ty<a Collect-from, to, fK\eya>, |o>
Chorasmians, Xopd<r[*.ioi, ui Collect-the-votes, to, ttrii\ni<pi^<a, <ru

Chrysantas, Xpvadvras, ov, & Collect-together, to, a-v\\eyca,

<o

eirl XpvcriSoi, Collection, o-v\\oyos

Chrysis-being-priestess,
jepoi/uefT/s Colonist, diroiKos
Church, e/c/c\7j<ri'a, ay Colonize, to, icrtfa, ffw ; OIKI^W, ffu
Cilicia, KtAiKia, as Color, XP'^> " s
Cinnamon, Kii'vdfiio/j.oi' Column, ffrfi\t], its

Circumstance, irpuyna, aros Combat, to, Siaytavi^ofiai, ffofuu

Circumstanced, to be, KaQicrrafMt Come, to, %KU, |o> ;
IK.W. I came,
Circumstances, rlfj.fnj.ara, <av, ra 4l\vQov, ij\6ov
Citizen, iro\iTT)j (i), ov ; affrbs Come, to be, TJKO>, |a> ; IKO.VU, avw
City, irdAis, Att. as, Ion. tos, T] Come-across, to, avridfa, aia
Civic, iro\niicbs, fy, bv Come-after, to, fj.erfpxofj.at, a. 2.
Civil, firibrituos, ov fJ.fTTJ\00V
Clamor, 80)1, TJS Come-back, to, dVej/ui, a. 2. dvtov
 COM CON 285

Come-flo\vn, to, Hartpxafiat, a. 2. Compassion, i&pf/foi, <ov, ol

jwrtjAwOov Compel, to, avayKafa, crca
Come-from, to, afuafafuu, a. 2. Compensation, SI'KT), rjy
a(plK6u.riv ;
Ion. airtKvto/jiai Competent, txavbs, 17, bv
Come-in, to, (irupoirfw Complain, to, eirijue^o/wn, fyo/j.at

Come-into, to, /u.aTeuo uc, / tro/iai Complaint, 4yK\riua, aros

Come-near, to, ireAacfw, <r Complete, r^Aeios, a, ov
Come-on, dye ?<x
; Complete, to, re\ew, ff<a
Come-on, to, eirtpxopai, a. 2. njA- Completely, rravrfhus
Completely-last, iravvffTaros, i\, ov
Come-out, to, t*fi,ui, a. 2. e|iof Compose, to, fpt<a, pf. fipriica
Come-to, to, tiatpxo/JMi, a. 2. eer5\- Comprehend, to, trwiTj/xi, ^vvtrjfju
Compulsory, ffiaios, a, ov or /S.'oioj, ;

Come-togi'ther, to, awipx o Ml ! > I"M- ov

irilTTtiJ, a. 2. fylVtTCfffOV Conceal, to, KaTaKpfarrw, $<o
Come-too-late-for, to, ^trrepfoa, -fiTca Concede, to, forei'Ko,ucu, Jojuai
Come-under, to, inripxofjicu, a. 2. Conceit, 56a(ru.a, aros
Conceive, to, oita
Come-up, to, irapayivofiat, a. 2. irap- Concern, dpa, as
eyep^jjc Concern-themselves-much, to, 5io-

Come-upon, to, firtifti rpiSfiv

Comeliness, fv/jujptyia, as Concerning (prep.), iftfii

Cyoming, d<piis, teas, toy, rj Concerning-himself, naff avrbv

Coming, to be, epxopai Conciliate, to, (coToAAdcrtrw, Jw
Command, (vro\^t, T)S Concourse, ir\rjdos, eos
Command, to, trrparriyfea, ffffu Condition, irdrfjws
Commander, ffrpa-rriybs Conduct, to, iiyfofMi
Commandment, firlrais, e<as, 77 Confederate, V/JI/JMX OS
Commemorate, to, aTnjyeofj.ai, -fiffo- Confess, to, 6fM\oyeca, ?)<ra>

fMl Confide, to, iriffTfvu, ffca

Commence, to, dpxo/J.at, |ojuat Confident, iriffTbs, $1, ^
Commend, to, na.pa.ivtca, -l](T<a, effta Confident, to be, &a/56e'a>, ^crto
Commiserate, to, eAa>, ^<rw Confound, to, eKir\rf<rfftii, |a>, a. 2.

Commission, to, OTeAAo), ffreAw,

(TTOA/Ca Confute, to, e|eAryx ft'>
4W
Commit, to, tpydofj.ai, ero/xaj Conjecture, to, o-u/u(AAo/xat, a. 2.

Commit-adultery, to, n<)ixfv<a, au

Commit-injustice, to, aJSintw, -fjtru, Conon, K<W>f, eavos, 6
pf. TjS/KTj/ca Conquer, to, vlKoot, rfffta
Commit-murder, to, tyovtvta, am Conscious, to be, (Twin-rim
Common, Koivbs, ^, bv Conscious-of, ^vviirrtap, op
Common-wealth, the, rb Koivbv Consent, to, firaivita, 4ff<a, if<ra>

Communicate, to ava.Koiv6o/Mai, tioo- Consequentlv, dpa

UO.I
Consetiuently-upon, aito\ovO<as
Communication, <5,uiAta, as Consider, to, -irpoaS\titu, ty<a
Communion, Kotviavia, as Consider-diligently, to, 5io(TKOTrea
Compact, vi>6iiKri, ris Consider-of, to, (ppovrlfa, trta
Companion, kraupos trapes ; Considerable, \6yifj.os, i\, ov
Comj)anionhip, tyvovtria, as Considerate, to be, irpoopaw, dvu
Company, AX^-OS Consideration, irpAvoia, as
Company, to, OT^^FOI, -fivca Consonant, vfj.tjxavos, ov
Compare, to, tfeTd^oi, <ro> Consort, eriryicoiuTjjUa, aros
286
Conspicuous, air66\erros, ov
Conspicuous, to be, $La.Trptiru>
Conspire, to, IwviffTTj/u,
Constant, iroAAbs, ^), bv
Constituted, to be, <t>va>, a<a
Constitution, iroAZ-rfia, as
Constrain, to, firava-yKafa, au>
Consult, tO, f}oV\tVO/Ml, ffOfJMl
Consult-about, to, &ov\tiia, <TU>
Consultation, <rvfj.Gov\ia, as
Consume, to, <f>6iva>, iv<a
3rd. pi. Ion. p6iaTo
Consuming, S-q'ios, a, ov
Contemn, to, inrepopdw
Contemplate, to, o-Koireu,
Contempt, Kara<pp6vT]ffis, ftas, ^
Contend, to, ftuipvafj.ai
Content, to be, apKfca, to~u
Content-myself, to, ayairatii, cD, rlcru
Contented, to be, apKo/j.ai, fao/j.ai
Contented-with, to be, ayairdu, ij<reo
Contest, a, ayuv, iavos, 6
Contest, to, epi'^o), crca
Contiguous-to, o/Mpos, ov
Continent, ijirtipos, i)
Continentals, rfirftpurai, uv,
Continually, aei, cud
Continue, to, fj.fvta, evu
Contradiction, ami\oyia, as
Contrarily-to, irapa
Contrary, (vavrios, a, ov
Contrary-to, irapa
Contrary-to-these-regulations, r
vavrla rovrtav
Contrast, to, crvfj.a\\<ii,
Contrive, to,
Contumely,
Convenient, tfi,
Conversant, to be, 6/ju\f<a, rf<ru
Conversant-with, rpiSwv
Converse, I shall, epcJ
Convey, to, UTW, tya
Convict, to, aipfw, a. 2. tl\ov
Conviction, yvw^t], TJJ
Convince, to, f\(yx <>> 7f <B >
Convoke, to, /CTjpvtrerai,
Convulse, to, aaXtvu,
Cook, oiJ/oTotb?
Cooperate, to, o-vvayuvi^o/iai, croua;
Cooperative, avvtpybs
Corcyreans, KfpKvpaloi, wv, ol
CON CRO
Cord,
;
i Coressus, K.6ptjaa-os,
pi. Corinth, Kdp ivBos, TI
Corinthian, a, Kopivdios
Corn, <nros
Correct, opBos, ^, bv
Correspondent, tvvytibs, bv
Corrupt, aairpbs, a, bv
Corrupt, to, <p6tipta, <p6epu ;
Sia-
<p6fipu
Costliness, iroAvre'Aeia, as
:
plup. pass. Couch, St^VlOV KAlCFfiOS
;
Cough, )87jf, rixbs, 7)
Council, BOV\^I, ?}y
Counsel, ftov\)i, rjs
Counsel, to, &ov\fvonai, evtronai
Counsel-together, to, trvnGov\fvia
Count-upon, to, eAiro/uai
Countenance, irp6aunrov
Country, a, 7*0, yri, T), gen. ytas,
yris and yaia, as
;
Country, one's, irarpls, iSos, 77 ;
Trdrpa, as
Courage, fifvos, tos
Courageous, d\Kiu.os, ov
Course, SpJ^rjjua, aros
ol Court, av\$i, rjs
Court, to, Sepairevw, via
Court-days, 070^0*04
Cover, to, o~Tfyw, |CD
Covered-on-every-side, afupiipt<j>i]s, fi
Covering, Ka\inrrpa, as
Covet, to, firi6i/fj.f<a, ^<ro.
e- Covetous-of, KardipoposTTpbs with ace.
Covetousness, <pi\af>yvpia, as
aA. Cow, fiovs, gen. Bobs, T;
Cowardice, SetAio, as
Cowardly, xaicbs, fy, bv
Craft, S6\os
Crafty, uo^tpbs; a, bv
Cram, to, xopfu, 4a<a
-Crammed, ntvrbs, }), bv
Creep, to, tpTtvye tpvu :
Creon, KpeW, ovros, d
Crest, \6<t>os
Cretan, Kp7/ritbs, ij, bv
co Crete, K^TJTT?, r,s
era Crew, ir\i)pGiua, arof
Crime, a^iirA.aKTyta, aros
Cringe-to, to, biaTrrta, ^ia
Crocodile, KpoK6$fi\os
Crocus-vested, KpoKOTrfir\o! ov ,
 CRCE DE 287
Croesus, Kpoltros Dare, to, roX/ucta, -fjffu
Cross, to, irfpdta, aata Daring, a. r6\ua, ijs
Crow, Kopiiivj], i)s Daring, more, Spacrvrtpos, a, ov
Crowd, Tr\i\Qvs, vos, TI Darius, AapeTos
Crown, tr\6icos Dark, Svoqxpbs, a, i>v

Crown, to, ffrf>av6a>, u>aa> Darken, to, aKorifa, iffoa

Crown-over, to, tiriarftyto, i//eo Darkness, o~it6ros, ov, and cos

Crown-thoroughly, to, fKffrf<pw, ijw, Dart, &e\os, eos
pf. tfffrpa Dart, to (i. e. spring), dvcrai, u>

Crucify, to, vravpow, dffu Daub, to, Karair\dffcroiJ.ai, ffon/tu

Cruel, o)ubs, fy, bv Daughter, bvydrrjp, rtpos, robs ; irais,

Cry, to, K\cuta, ewtrco jraiSbs, rj

Cry-out, to, xpdfa, |w Day, ijfJ-fpa,

us ; rtpap, aros, rb
Crying, a, SdicpufM, aros Day (adj.), yutpivbs, TJ, bi>

Cub, O-KVUVOS Day-break, 6pOpos

Cultivate, to, acricta, 4i<ro> Dead, vexpbs, a, bv ; fravuiv, ovffa, 6v.
Cumbrousness, the, rb oxAoSSef The dead, Savovrts
ol

Cup, iror'fjpiov ; Stiras, aros, rb Deadly, davdcrtuos, ij, ov

Cupid, 'Epcas, (aros, 6 Dear, (pi\os, t], of ; superl. <pi\raros,
Cure, to, OTraAAtMrtro), f i\, ov
Curl, ir\6Kauos Death, bdvaros
Currier, aKvrorduos Debar, to, ei'p7&>, fa>
Curse, apa, us Debate, to, Sta\fjofj.ai
Curse, to, apdo/j.ai, ciiro/uat Decease, udpos
Custom, e6os, eos Deceased, the, <pOirol
Custom-of-life, firjr^Seu/ua, OTOS Deceitful, ?irlK\oiros, -ov
Customary, V&P.IHOS, TJ, ov Deceive, to, airardoi, r\a<a ;
f
it is,
Customary, voplfrrat
Cut, to, rtfivia, tftJa, TfT/iT)Ka, a. 2. ic6(ruos
Decency,
trt^ov and era^ov Decide-against, to, Karayivtio-icai, a.

Cut-away, to, aTrorffi.vu 2. Kareyvwv

Cut-down, to, eKK&Ttrw, \f/u Decision, npiais, ews, y
Cut-in-two, to, K6irria, \f/<a Declaim-rhapsodically, to, airo^a-
Cut-off, to, airoo'X'Ca'> ff<a
\l/(f>8f(a, i\a(a

Cutting-off, a, aTroro/ui/, TJI Declare, to, e^fptw

Cyaxares, Kva^dfTjs, tos, ovs, 6 Decline, to, f\ao-ff6o/jMi, OV/JMI

Cyclops, Ku/cAwif , ofiros, b ; pi. Ku- Decorous, most, KOAAKTTOS, TJ, ov

K\<OTT S, UV Decorum, rb irptvov
Cymaeans, KO/iaToi, <av, ol Decree, $6yua, aros
Cyprus, Kinrpos, rj Decree, to, ifrri<piouai,
Cyrus, Kvpos Decree-against, to,
Decreed, StSoyufvos, ri, ov
Dedicate, to, riOynt, a. 1. '<bja
D.
Deed, tpyov
Daily, &<nj/j.tpa.i Deep, jSaflvs, ?a, {>

Damage, irrifia, aros Defeat, ^TTO, rjs

Damsel, K6prj, TJS Defeat, to, rtffadu, r/ffw
Danaus, Aavabs Defence, airo\oyia, as
Dance, \6ptvft.a, aros ; xP^ s Defend, to, (irapKeu, rw
Dance, to, \opfvu, aw Defendant, the, o atro\oyo6ufvot
Dancing (subst.), Deficient, to be, tirtStvo/juu
Danger, Kivfovos Defile, to, TroAdo-treo, {to
 288 DE DIE

Define, to, 5iopfbuai, tro/ucu Deser(, to,

Defraud, to, airoo-rtpeto, TJCTW
Degradation, arijuta, ai
Degrade, to, arlftdca, tiiffw
Deign, to, oido>, ibcrca
Deioces, Arjid/ojj, ov, 6
Deity, Saiwav, ovos, 6
Delay, fieAArjcriy, ea>s,
Desert, to (i.e. to run away), aura-
Deserted, eprjfios, ov
Deserter, otmfyioAos
Deserved, dios, a, ov
; dttov, rb Deservedly, eucorws
37 Desirable, alperbs, TI, bi>

Delay, to, flpaSvvta, wu Desire, tpos

Delegate, aTroVroAos Desire, to, irpodvfj.fOfiai, TJCTOUCU
Delians, A^Atot Desire-earnestly, to, y\ixoiuu
Delicate, owroAbr, }?, bv Desire-of-power, irAeovflio, 05
Delight, re'ptj/jj, eus, ?j Desire- with, to, /tercurew
Delight, to (act.), rffnru, tyu Desirous, xaTifav
Delight, to (neut.), xutpcu Desirous, to be, xpyfa
Delightful, ^5i/s, ea, v ; comparative, Desist, to, aTfoiravo/JM, ffoaai ;
irav-
fi$itav,ov; superlative, 7j5rros,ij, ov OfUU, ffOfJLOU

Delium, Ar/Aiov Desolate, to, fprifdca, uxrw

Deliver, to, irapdSiSw/ju, a. 1. Top- Despicable, <pav\os, i), ov
Despise, to, Karatppovtw, i\a<a
Deliver (an oracle), to, x/>oo>, ^ffw Despoil, to, ffv\dci), i\au>

Deliver-up, to, irapa5iSu>/xi, a. 2. Trap- Despond, to, a8vfj.to>, T\a<a

e'Scni/
Despotism, rvpavvls, iSos, ri
Delivered-by-the-oracle, xpTjffdels Destined, vfTrpa>/j.fvos, TJ, ov
]3elphi, AeA0ot, wv, oj Destined, to be, /ie'AAo
Demand, to, aireu, -fiarw Destiny, aura, ijs

Demand-back, to, airairfai, -fiffw Destitute, sprj/uos, ov

Demigod, ^uiteos Destroy, to, Siatpdfipa, fpS>
Demolish, to, Siatpeta, a. 2. 5te?Aov Destroy-utterly, to, air<$AAujw, fut.

Demonstrate, to, eir<5ei/cioyut, tlto

Demosthenes, A^fjuxrQtvTjs, 6, eos, ous, Destroy-wholly, to, SiairopOeta, fata
ace. ea and TJC Destruction, oXtdpos
Denarius, S^VO/MOP Destructive, oAe'flpios, a, ov
Denial, dpvriffis, fats, i) Detect, to, avfvpicrKw, a. 2. avtvpov
Denier, f^apvos Determination, &ov\fvfi.a, aros
Denounce, to, mroKaX4<a, tffu Determine, to, -ylvtatrKu, fut. yvuTu,
Deny, to, apveofuu, i\aoynu. a. 2. tyvtav
-
Deny downright, to, /caropyco/uu, Determined-on, 8o'|or, aura, <a>
jrofuu Detest, to, ffrvyea, ijtra>
Depart, to, e^e'pxo/wu, a. 2. efi\6oi> Detested, tirdpdTos, ov
Departure, e'JoSos, ft Detriment, OTIJ (a), TJS
Deplore, to, oSvpo/wi Devastating, S-fj'ios, a, ov
Depraved, irovripbs, a, bv Device, UTITU, tos, fi
Depravity, KOKIO, as Devious, iroAwrAcry/cTos, ov
Deprive, to, airoffrtpew, ricrw Devise, to, /iTjriow
Deprived-of, to be, vffTtpfo/Mi, fao- Devour, to, Sanrria, dfyta

fUU Dexterity, St^i6rrts, TITOS, rj

Depth, Pddos, eos Dialectician, 8ta\eKTu<bs
Derive, to, oiroAauw, <ru Did-not-think-of, ou/c s^flijtrco' irvdo-
Descend, to, Ka.ralSa.ivta flfVOl
Descent, icaraScuns, ftas, ft Die, to, i&^j<nca>, fut. &vrio/j.ai, pf,
Desert, a, eprj_ufa, as TcOvriKo., a. 2. f6avov
 DIE DO 289

Die-off, to, a.iroQvi]ffK<a, a. 2. airtBavov Dislike, to,

Diet, Siaira, TJS Dismay, to,
Differ, to, Stcupfpofusu Dismiss, to, |n?/x
Different, StaQopos, ov Disobedience, irapaKOTj, rjs

Differently, TO. fvavrla Disobey, to, avrjitova'rtw, j\a<a

Difficult, x*^< lr ^ J ; ^> by Dispatch, to, airoo~ve\\ta, f\ta
Diffidence, aiSuis, <fos, ovs, r) Display, to, airo<paivo/Mti, O.VOVIJML
Diffuse, to, KiSvrifj.i Displease, to, airapeffKu

Dig, to, opvffffta, <a

Disposed, TTPUKUS, via, bs
Dig-up, to, KaraffKatnta, $ta Disposed-to-refuse,
Dignity, oia, as bv
Din, K\6vos Disposition, <pp^v, fvbs, ij

Dindymene, AivSvpiivri, ijs Dispossess, to, o.fj.tpo'oi, tret

Dinner, Sftirvov Disputation, \6yos

Diomede, Aio^djST/s, eos, & Dispute, to, a.n<pur6T)'Te<a, rftrw

Dion, Atcw, wvos, 6 Disregard, to, aviij/jii

Dionj'sius, Atovuvios Dissipate, to, Staff KiSvrjfj.i
Diophon, A.io(pS>v, oVros, 6 Dissuade, to, atrorpiirta, ipo>
Direct, idus, fla, v Distaff, t)\a.Kdri], r)S

Direct, to, Sioi/cew, T}<TW Distant, rij\ovpbs, bv

Direction, SiSacr/coAi'a, as Distant, to be, aWx,
fut. cupi^ta

Directly, reus^ Distinct, aAAoros, a, ov

Disagreement, StoerTocrts, fws, ^ Distinction, x a P aKT VPt ~np s i &
Disallow, to, airavUdo) Distinguish, to, $iayivu>ffK<a

Disallowed, a.ir6fyirros, ov Distinguished, 8iairpeir))s, es

Disappoint, to, <r</>oAAo>, oA.w Distress, ir6vos

Disarrange, to, Sicurireun, <i<rci> Distress, to, Ka/cdw, (!iff<a
Disasters, 5j^a, wv, rcfc Distress-of-mind, irivQos, eos
Disbelieve, to, airunt<a, ^ffw Distressed, iro\vwovos, ov
Di-ci:rn, to, yiyvuffKai Distribute, to, Siave/uw, e/xw ; vefj.ca,

Discipline, ftsA^TTj, TJJ a. 1. fVti/LLa

Discipline-oneself.to, n-apa<rua^o/ncu, District, x^P a as >

trofuu Distrust, to, airurrtea, i]<rta

Disciplined, 77v^u'o<r^t'os Disturb, to, bpdaaw, |CD

Disclose, to, (paivto, avia Ditch, rdtppos, TJ
Discourse, ^00oy Dithyrambic-poetry, SiOvpafj.os
Discourse, to, ayoptva, ffia Ditty, T^OS
Discover, to, Airro/juu, i|o/xat Diver, Ku\vfj.rir^, ov, o
Discretion, (ppaS^i, rjs Divert, to, atroo~Tpf<p<a, \f/u>
I
'incase, a<70pia, as Divide, to, Sdfo/wii, cro/uat

i>e-of-tlie-eyes, o<p6a\/jua, as Divide-into-parties, to, ffTatrid^oi, era

Diseased, vo<rol57jj, s Divine, 8Tor, a, ov
Disembogue, to, fK$t86ci>, tiiffw Divinely-spoken, dea-ire'trios, a, ov
Dfeeagaga, to, TropoAt/oi, <rw Division, notpa, as
Disfigure, to, (tio/fdaj, c^cro) Do, to, irf>aWa>, |w ; 1rpdrr<a ; TTOIS'W,
Disgrace, /coi-T^tia, as i](T(a ; Spaai, dcrtti

Dwracefnl, a<(rxpbs, a, be; superl. Do-entirely, to, Kasrairpdaata, |ai

aiffxifTos, ov
TJ,
Do-harm-to, to, lirru, tyu
Dishonor, ain\vv^ (v) Do-hurt-to, to, AOjUatVojuac
Dishonor, to, a-rijuafw, ffia Do-ill, to, KaKOiroifw, i]ffta
Dishonorei! dri/uos, ov Do-ill-to, to, tpyd^of^at ita/cck

Dislike, i\ )$, os Do-not-bet ray, /j.^ irpoSoi/s yfvri

Gr, I o
290 DO EA

Do-thoroughly, to, cartpydfofuu, aero- Drink, to, TriVoi, fut. trwa-u, a. 2. eric-?
pat Drinkables, irora, uv, ra
Do-well, to, fvfpyerfw, -fiffta Drinking, a, Trd/ua, TOS ir6ffis, tus, ;

Do-well-to, to, fvtpyerfto Drinking-bout, ffv/Air6ffiov

Do-with, to, xpdo/Mi, "nffopai Drinking-cup, uAt|, IKOS, i)
Do-wrong, to, aSiitfu, i]ff<a Drive, to, eAaiW, fut. eAeurw, perf.
Dock, veuffoutos T^Aa/fa, Att. eA7)Aa/ca
Doe, f\a<j>os, i) Drive-away, to, afnvvto, vvS>

Dog, KV&V, gen. Kv6vos, nvvbs Drive-off, to, a\tca ;

aTra\f<ii

Doing, a, fpyfxa, aros Drive-out, to, aircAawco, fut. awe-

Doleful, \vypbs, a. "bv Ada" (a
Domestic, OIKCIOS, a, ov Drive-towards, to, irapaxf\fvofj.ai
Domestics, otKeioi outfTcu, lav a. >
; Driving-of-an-army, ffrpari\\aaia y

Dominion, Kpdros, eos Drunk, daw

to be, fieOvoi,
Donation, S&ris, ews, TJ Drunkenness, nfOrj, TJS
Doom, fidpos Dry-up, to, Kaprpca, ty<a
Door, &vpa, as Dryness, r)p6rris, TITOS, T\

Door-frame, Sbtiperpov Due, evalffifios, ov

Dorian, a, Awptevs, eos Dumb, enKpa.yTjs, (S
Doric, Awpiicbs, b, I" Duration, aitav, Hvos, &
Double, 5nr\d(rtos, a, ov During, rirl

Double (in speech), tc)(6(ii6os,C9 Dusk, Sti\rj, TJS

Double-edged, aM^/cTjs, es Duskiness, op</>^j, i?s

Double-folded, S'nr-rvxos, ov Dust, icAvis, etas, 7)

Doubly-edged, a,u(tj/ojs, es Dwell, to, oiKtia, TJtrtB

Doubt, to, an<pi(rGr]T-((i>, -/I<T<O Dwell-in, to, vaiu

Dove, TrepKTTfpa, as ; WAewt, Dwell-within, to, eviavta, ffw
Down (prep.), Kara Dwelling, oi/fijjua, OTOS
Down, \d%vri, rjs Dwelling-place, oi/cijffty, etas, ij
Down-in, Kara Dwelling-together, a, l-wouc'ia, as
Down-on, Kara
Down-to, a eis ;

Downcast, to be, narii<pe<a E.

Downwards, KCCTOI
Dowry, <pepvi], TJS Each, eKOffTos, rj, ov
Drachma, Spaxju^/, TJS Each-man, TJS
Drag, to, Girdta, <Ttii
Each-other, oAATjAoi, at, a
Dragon, Spdxaiv, OI/TOJ, a Eager, irp6&vfj.os, ov
Drama, Spa/a.a, arcs Eager, having been (pi.), tl/UetiJT6~

Draught, irorbv, ov <av

Draw, to, XK&J, |w Eagle, atrbs

Draw-aside, to, irapoifte, |a- Ear, ovas, Tb ; gen. ovaros, tarbs
Draw-from, to, airavpdai Earnestly-attentive-to, to be, fx ^ --

Draw-out, to, epva, troi Earnestly-engaged, ffirevStav, ovo-a,

Draw-up, to, rdcra-u, |w ;
raTTOJ ov
Dread, -rdpgos, tos Earnestly-wait, to, Sidyce \iirapeaiv
Dread, to, Sfiu.aivca Earth, yea, 77), gen. yeas, yrjs ; yaic
Dread/ul, tifivbs, ij, bv Earthen, Kfpafj.(iicbs, fy, bv
Dream, dvtipap, aros, rb Easier, patav, ov
Dregs, Tpi/l, vybs, T) Easily, pintya
Dress, KOffftos East, Tjil-s, 6os, avs, r/

Drink, 7r6<ns, tees, r; Eay, f>d5ios, a, ov

 EA EN 291

Eat, to, (Su ;

fut. eSoucu End, re\os, fos
Eat-down, to, KareffBiu Eud, to, Te\fVTd<M>, i]a<a

Eatables, tStafia, aros End-life, to, Tf\fur<ue, -fjffte

Eating (subst.), j8pdi<rjs, ftas, los, if End-of-the-funeral-pile, fcrxdrij trv-

Echo, itx^< oos ovs, TJ > pa
Eclipse, tK\et\l/is, etas, rj Endanger-ourselves, to, TrpoKivSwevw,
Edict, 4"i p''M o aros
<
.
aria

Educate, to, rp(<po>, fut. frptyw Endearment, xapis, iroy, r]

Eetion, HsriW, wvos, & Endeavor, an, eirixctprjjua, aros
Effect, Swapis, tus, i) Endeavor, to, ireipd.oij.ai, dffo/j.at,
Effect, to, Kpaivta, avio Ion. ?f(Toaai
Effect-thoroughly, to, Siavpdffffu, co
Endure, to, foro/ueva*, fvca
Egestaeans, E.yt<rraiot Enemies, iroAe/ujoi, <av
Egypt, Aiyinrros, ^ Enemy, x&pbs ; fern. (xfy a
Egyptians, Aryfamoi Engage, to, inriarxvfOfjMi
Eight, OKTW Engage-in, to, rix 6t P* a> > ~n ao>

Eight-times-as-much-os, OKrair\dfft- Engage-with (any one in battle), to,

01, a, ov irpofff^iyvvfiLi, fut. irpofffiita

Eightieth, oySorjKotn-lis , 7), bv Engaged, to be, cifil

Either, *i Engaged-in-a-war, to be, iroA.e/it'o/u.ai

Eject, to, fKdb\o>, aA&j
Elated, (iraip6/jLevos,
juevos
Elder, an, irpeffSvrfpos
Eldest, irpfffStffTos, 17, ov
Elect, to, airo5eW, ^a>
Elect-to, to, \fip<yrov(<t>
Engaging, ftra(pp6SiTos, ov
TJ, ov; pf. eTnjp- Engine, fJ-t}x a>'^> V s
Enjoin, to, fm6<avoatti, |o>
Enjoin-upon, to, irpoa-raffffw, u
Enjoy, to, Trao/j.ai, aofj.at
Enmity, 4x^os, tos
Enormous, imepufytBris, fs

Elegant, x aP' 61J faffa ,

fv ; super!. Enormous-quantity, iro\v xp^M a
(ffraros, r), ov Enormous-reptiles, xpw^ TJ eprfTwy
Eleusis, 'E\fvffis, tvos, i} VTTtp<pvtS
Elevate, to, aipo>, fut. apa Enough, a\is
Eleventh, tvSeiearos, TJ, ov Enquire, to, Trw6dvofj.ai, fut. irevcro-

Elm, irTt\ia, as tMt, a. 2. fvv66fjaiv

Eloquence, of \6yoi, TUV \6ytav Enquire-into, to, ireuCo/nai
Else, d\\os, TJ,o Enraged, to be, x^^M a '> citro/uoj

Embassy, irp<ria, ay Enslave, to, Sov\6ofj.at, uxro,u.ai

Embellishment, Koap.os Enter, to, furfpxo^ai, a. 2. fi<rri\6ov
Embrace, to, o/iMrurxw Enter-in, to, fvSiiui, a. 2. eviSvv
Eminence, 6\&ri, r/s Enter-into, to, ficrotxv<*
Eminent, e^oxos, ov Enterprise, ireipa, os
Eminently, fjox Enthral, to, Kara5ov\6ta, taffta

Emolument, ca^>t\tia, as Entire, 8Aos, 17, ov

Empire, apx^i, fit Entirely, -na^Ttav
Employed-in, to be, tvaffxo\fOfMi Entrails, r6p.ia, <ev, ra
Empty, Ktvbs, T), bv Entrance, tiffotios, T?
Emulously-desirous, tpi\6vtiKos, ov Entrance-to-the-harbour, e<7irAou5,
Enchant, to, m)\i<i>, T\a<a ov, &
Enclose, to, (eaAi/irrai, i^w Entreat, to, Ixerfvw, a-<a

Enclosed- with-a-hundred-gates, \KO.- Enumerate, to, apifytcw, TJITW

r6farv\os, ov Envious, ftda-Kavos, ov
Encomium, tyKtatuov Enviously-begrudge, to, tpQovtcu, rftrw
Encounter, to, xvpu, nvp Envy, <p06vos
 EN EX

Envy, to, t]\o<i>, tixrce Even, Kal

Ephesian, E<i>e'(7ios, a, ov Even-at-this-time, en /col f

Ephesus, 'f.<pefft)s, rj Even-it, KC.V

Ephor, e<popos Even-till-now, ert Kal vvv
Epic-poetry, eiriav jroirjtns, ews, Jj Evening, tcrirepa, as
Epidamnus, EiriSo^tvos, ^ Evening (adj.), eoTrepos, a,
Equal '6/j.oios, a, ov ; ouolos
, Ever, ael
Equal-in-age, an, fanacarris, ov, 6 Ever-to-be-remembered,
Equality, KTOTTJJ, TJTOS, ^
Equally, ou.oio>s Every, Tras, itaffa, irav ; gen. itaanbs,
Equestrian, iirwiicbs, 7), bv 7rd(T7)s, TravTbs ; OTTOS, euro., av
Equipment, irapa<r/cevj), TJS Every-one, iras TIS
Erebus, 'EpeSos, eos Evidence, to, 6ia<ra^>a), -/fate

Erect, to, 'Iffriifju, fut. (TTifira) Evident, Trepn/jav^s, es

Erect-a-wall, to, Txfu>, ffw Evil, Kaxbs, }), bv
Eresus, 'Epetros, -4 Evil, an, Kaicbv, ov
Eretna, Eperpio, as Evilly, irovypus
Err, to, a^iapTaVctf, a. 2. fj/uaproj' Exact, to, irpdo'o'o/j.cu, |o/xai

Err-entirely, to, e|ajuapTaVa> Exaggerate, to, 7ri;p7o&), ojatu

Error, a.fjAprr}fj.a, aros Examine, to, effTa^co, o-o)
Erudition, TraiSei'a, as Exasperated, to be, ^vfj.6ofJMi, &j<ro,uoz

Escape, to, <[>evyii>, o> ; U7re/c^>t/ Exceed, to, SiaTrpfirw uTrf ;

Exceedingly, Trow ff((>6Spa

Escape-from, to, Excel, to, vTrfpd\\(e, oA.cS ; virep-
Escape-notice, to, Ka.vQa.vw, i\a,6ov, fyep<a

pf.
mid. \t\i)da Excel-in-bravery, to, apurrtvfaKu
Escape-the-obaervation-of, to, \av- Except, irAV
ddvu, fut. \-t]<ra>, a. 2. e \a6ov,
pf. Exchange, to, a\\dffo~ca, |o! ; afifiSd:,
in. \\r)6a : with accusative fw
Escape-unpunished, they shall, /ca- Excite, to, opoBvvw, vvu
ra7rpo(|oj'Tat Exclaim, to, ova;, ffw

EsL-aped-my-observation, ha?, eAe- Exclude, to, oTretpYoi, |a; ; Karfipyca ,

eipyca
Establish, to, Koirouclfo, aa> Excogitate, to, firivota, ijo-ca

Established-laws, KaOfffTtares VOJJ.QI Execute, to, airoreA^co, fffta

Esteem, 5<5{o, as Execution, i&avaros

Esteem, to, rlftata, rfffu Exercise, yvfivdo'iov
Estimate, to, rl/j.da> Exercise, to, yvfi.vda>, a<e
Estrange, to, airoAAo<rcra>, |ai Exhibit, to, finStiKVvfj.i, fut. fir&ei^ia
Eternal, aitavios, a, ov. Exhort, to, TrapaKoAea), fffw
Etesian-winds, Errjcriai dve/j.oi Exile, ^)iryas, a5os
Etesilaus, ErTjcnAoof, Attic -Xws Exist, to, uirapx^, ?*
Eubcea, Ev^ota, as Expect, to, irpocrSo/c^eo, rjacs
tra> fAirls,
5os, r)
Eulogize, to, ryKw/iia^a), Expectation,
Eumelus, EI)/ITJ\OS Expedition, ffrparia, as ; arparfia
Europe, EupcoirT), TJS Expense, Sawdvrj, TJS
Eurybiades, Et/pv^cCSjjs, ou, Tonic Experienced, tjuweipos, ov
CO, Expert, Sarf/Mcv, ov
Eurymedon, Ei/pu/ocSoif, OVTOS, o Expert-in-preparation,irapaereua<TTi-
Eurytean, ILvpvrfios, a, ov itbs, ^i, bv

Euxme, Eu|eji/os, ov Expert-in-providing, iropuniKos, )),

Euxine-sea, Tlovros bv
 EX FI 293

Expire, to, reflvrj/ti False, tyfvSiis, is

Explain, to, ffaffivifa, iff<a, Attic iS>
Falsely, tytvSws
Expose, to, fKTi6rifu, fut. K0rf<r Fame, KAtos, ftos, fovs, rb
Exposition, eiri5iis, fias, T) Familiar-with, to be, firi

Expressly, ffacp&s Family, yevos, eos

Extend, to, TO.VVOI, a<a Fancy, &vfj.bs
Extensive, cvpvs, tia, i> Fane, Itpbv, ipbv
Extol, to, aiv4ca, fffw Far, irp6ff<a ; ird^co
Extort, to, eurirpdffffw, Far-beyond, ir6^pa
Extremely, cuvus Far-ofF, TI}\OV
Extremely-grieved, vtrepaxfaffOels, Fare, Stotra, 175
tlffa., (v Farewell, x<"P > ' Tft) > iff- x a ^P fiV
Extremity-of-evils, KOKUV rpiKvfuia, Fare-well, to, fvSaifwvfta, -t\a(a
as Farm, x up'iw
Extricate, to, pvo/j.ai, cro/wi Fast, frovpts, tSos
Exult, to, cryaAAjao/xaj, dcro/j.ai Fasten, to, eiri$fo/j.at

Eye, o<p8a\/*bs ; 6fj.ua, euros Fasting, dairos, ot>

Fat, vifi(\^i, rjs

Fatality, i] Ttfrrpwufinj (i. e. /uol/>a)
Fate, K^p, poj, fi
Fated, fj.6po~ifj.os, i), ov
Fabius, &dios Father, ira-r^o, rfpos, rpbs
Fable, uvBos Fatherly, irarpyos, a, ov
Fable, to, /xuOeouai, TJcrofj.a.1 Fatigue, /cd/uoros
Fabricate, to, reux*, 4 Fatted, ffirfvrbs, )?,
bv
Face, y
onf', eairbs, Fault, oiTia, as
Fail, to, K\i7r, ty<a ;
airo\fiird> Favor, x<^P' J ' T "j, ri
Fail-of, to, oiroS^oi Favorable, more, Kpfiafftav, ov
Fail-to-use, to, airoA.hrojuu Favorably, KO\US
Failing, a, af^dprrina, aros Fear, <(>6Sos
Fair, Ka\bs, $i, by Fear, to, <potofj.ai, rfffo/juu ; 8ia>, pf.
Fair-cheeked, Ka\\iirdprios, ov mid. StSia, otiSta ; SfiSta, pf. mid.
Fair-fruit-yielding, Ka\\iicapiros, o* SfSoiKO.
Fairest, KdAAwros, rj, ov
Fear-greatly, to, ofipufieu
Faithful-in-your-oath, evopicos, ov Fearlessly, aStws
Fall, TTTU/JM, aros Fearlessness, evro\fila, as
i

Fall, to, iriirTca, fut. irr(ao ci>, pf. ireir-

Feast-on, to, 5oiVi//uo<
rco/ca, a. 2. fiteaov ;
irnvt<a Feed, to, iroifiaiveaKw
Fall-about, to, trfpiiriirTu, a. 2. irtpi- Feed-on, to, <rtTfo/M, rfo-ofMu
Feel, to, &iyydv<a
Fall-against, to, Fellow-born, ffvyyovos
Fall-down-before, to, Fellow-worker, vvfpyos, 6, TI
Female, &TJ\VS, fta, v
Fall-down-to, to, irpofftnTVtco Fence, 'tpitos, tos
Fall-in, to, f^nriirru, a. 2. fVfirtffov Fertile-soil, -yovvbs
Fall-into, to, (iffirlirrta, a. 2. 7eire- Festival, fopr^i, ijs
(TOV
Fever, irvprrbs
Fall-on, to, avairiirrot, &.^i.av4ire(rov. Few, o\iyot, at, a
Fall-out, to, eicyivofMi, a. 2. e{fye- Fidelity, irurTorris, TJTOS, TJ
Field, yiiri, rjs. The fields, ol aypol
Fall-out-together, to, , a. 2. Fifth, ir^fjLffTos, ri, ov
Fifty, TTfvrrfKovTa
o 3
294 FI FO

Fig. OVKOV Flight, <j>vl-is, etas, los, r\

Fight, /j.dxy, Fling, to, $oAAo>, a. 2. e'SoAoi'

Fight, to, fi Ion. Flock, TTOI/J.VT), TJS

Flourish, to, &oAAa>, fut. &aAc3

Fight-a-naval-battle, to, Flow, btu
to,
Flower, dvOos, eos
Fight-in, to, efj.fji.dxofji.at, fut. efj.fj.axf- Flute, av\bs
aofj&i Fly, to, (pevyu, o>
;
fut. mid. Attic,
Fight-off, to, airofiaxofiai, 4<ro/juu
Fight-on-foot, to, ire^ofj.axfd>, ijffw Fly, to (as a bird),
Fight-perseveringly, to, Siaua^ouat Fly-away, to, acpiV a. 2. air.

Fighting-well, rb KaAcos iro\e/j.etv

Figure, to, a.va.ir\a.rr(a Fly-away-from, to, aTroSpdw, dffco
Fill, to (neut.), irK^dw, ata Fly-down, to, KaTa<pevy<a
Fill-full, to, tfnr\tj8(a, ffta
Fly-from, to, eK(pevy<a, a. 2. f4<pv-
Fill-up-to-the-brim, to, avairi/j.tr\iifii yov ; airo(pfvyca, aTTf(pvyov
Find, to, evpiffKca, p^ffca, a. 2. fvpov Fly-through, to, Statpeuyia
Find-comfort-from, to, 6va.fi.eu Fold, TTTV, u^bs, ?)
Find-fault-with, to, tyeyca, f Foliage, <poSri, TJS
Find-out, to, evpio-Kca, fut. evp-fiffw Follow, to, firoftai, if/ofiai ; poet.
Fine, Ka\bs, fy, bv ; compar. KO\-
\itav, ov Follow-upon, to, eQeiro/jiai, a. 2. f<p-
Fine, a, KaraS'iKij, TJS
Fine, to, V),ui<ta, axrw Following, eiriitiv, ovaa, bv
Finger, SdKrv\os Following-on-with, aK6\ov6os, ov
Finish, to, 7nTeA.o>, e'crw
Folly, araff6a\ia, as
Finish-through, to, SiareAtw, 4<ro> Fond, Ktvbs, )), bv
Fir, AoT77, r;j Fond-of, to be, fpafiai
Fire, vvp, vpbs, rb Fond-of-labor, (pi\6irovos, ov
Fire-place, tax^P a > as Fond-of-learning, ^>iAoyua^>;s, es
Firm, ffj.Tre8os, ov Fond-of-wisdom, <pi\6<ro(pos ov ,

Firm, to be, KpaTat6ofj.ai, <&<ro/j,cu Fondness-for-command, <pi\apxta, as

First, irpwTos, rj,
First (adv.), irptarov
First-comer, the, 6 emtSnv avfy
Fish, x^" x ^os >>
Fishy, jx^f^fs-, ecrera, ev
Fit, iicavbs, >], bv
Fit, to, dpw, pf. m.
Fit-out, to, aTf\\<i>, e\w
Bitting, oiK<as, via, bs
Five, TrtvTf
Five-hundred, TrejTa/c&noj,
Fix, to, iSpvie, titrea
Flame, </>X^{, oybs,
Flatter, to, Ko\aKfvca, fvffw
Flatterer, /c<5\a|, O.KOS, &
Flattery, StoTrei'a, as
Flee, to, (pfiryu, a>
Fleet, otoAos, TJ,
Fleet, a, <TT<$AOS
Flesh, crap!, gen. rra/wis, ^
ov Food, eStjTvs, vos, T] ; ftopa, as
Foolish, axpfios, a, ov
Foolish, to be, fuapaivoi, avia
Foolishness, fuapia, as
Foot, TroCs, gen. irofibs, 6
Foot-soldiers, irebs ffrparbs
iipapa. For (conj.), yap placed after words,
as Enim in Latin
For (prep.), irpb
For-a-long-time, Sapbv, Ionic Sypbv
at, a For-an-equal-space-of-lime, rbv iffov
Xpovov
rj For-how-much, ir&ffov
For-I-wish, ei yap ia<fx\ov
For-indeed, KM. yap
For-long, oapbv
For-my-part, iytaye
ov For-other-reasons, aAAws-
For-some-time, ritas
For-that, Sta rb>
 FO FU 295

For-the-first-time, vpuiTov Fourth, rtrapros, ij, ov

For-the-future, Tb \otirbv Fox, aAc6mj|, e/cos, r)
For-the-last-time. vavixr-raTa. Fracture, to, Kardyta, a|w
For-the-most-part, /M\iffTa Frame, Sc/uts, rb
For-the-public-good, fis TO. noiva Frantic, to be, Sai^ovdw, -fiffu

For-the-sake, (I/
xP Free, e\*vdfpos, a, ov
For-the-sake-of, irepl Free, to, e\fv6fp6o>, dxrca
For-the-sake-ol-learning, TTJS
waiSeias Free-from-danger, aKlvSvvos, ov
eVe/ca Free-from-disease, dvowos, ov
For-lhe-sake-of-obtaming, inrep TOV Free-from-taxation, art iVeoros, ov
Freedom, f\fv6epia, as
eveita. TOV Freight, <p6pros
For-the-sake-of-pleasing,
apeaKfiv Frenzy, irapdvoia, as
For-their-return, es T^V KaToSov Frequent, irvicvbs, ^, bv
Forbid, to, airtirw, a. 2. aire'tirov Fresh, x^-^P^, o, bv
ov
Force, KpdTos, fos Fresh-sprinkled, vedfifavTos,
Force, to, jSidfo/uoi, ffopai Fret, to, KviQofj.a.1, erojuat

Forcible, /Staios, a, ov Friend, <|>(Aos

Friendly, <pi\o$, 77, ov

Forcibly, fiiaicas
Foreign, aAArfrpios, a, ov Friendly -with, to be, irpo<roptyo/Mi,

Foreigner, eVos (ofteu

Foresee, to, irpoSfpKOfiat, fo^ucu Friendship, <j>i\6rr)s, TITOS, TJ ; <pt\ia,
Forest, vdmj, Tjy as
Forget, to, eiriKavOdvu, a.
2. mid. Frightened, SeiVas, dcra, av
eire\ad6fj.Tr]V Frivolous, pdratos, a, ov
Forget-about, to, firi\-f]Oo/jMi From, e/c
;
airb

Forgetfulness, AT/^TJ, TJS; \ijffJJ.OO"VVT), From-a-feeling-of, airb

From-above, KarvirfpOe (Ionic)
Forgive, to, ffvyylv<S>(TK<a From-beside, irapa
Forgiveness, ffiryyvcafiri, 77$ From-doing, fj.^] iroi^ffai
Forfflvin^ o~v*y^vwfjiuv, ov From-falling, ^ TTfOfiv
"orm, fiSos, tos From-Jupiter, St69fv
Dormer, ttpoTfpos, a., ov From-learning, rb fJut.vQd.vfiv
formerly, n-ply ; iro6Ttpov From-near, 77^9^7'
"orsake, to, eK\fim>, a. 2. ff\tirov From-on-high, ty&6tv
^orsooth, fj.tv From-pillaging, Tb \frj\aT7icrai^
"ortunate, tv$alfj.iav, ov ; 6\tos, a, From-that-place, eiciiBtv
ov ; superl. fv5ai/J.ovfffTaTos, 77, ov ; From-that-quarter, evOev
and oAiwTOTOs From-the-Gods, b6eev
Fortunate, to be, irpdffcru Ka\S>s From-the-part-where, oBfinrfp
Fortunate-in-his-children, finrais, -nai- From-the-stern, -rrpv/j.vridev
5o$ From-what-cause, e| orov
Fortune, TUXI, Tjy From-whence, &8ev, oQevitep
Forty, TeaffapaKovTa ;
Ionic From-within, evSoOev
Frost, iraKT^i, r)s

Forward, irdpotOf ; ir6p'p<a ; irp6a<a Frowning, ^uv<a^>pvtajj.tvos, 7J, ov

Forward, to, irpo^epco Fruit, Kapirbs
Forward, to be, Trpoexw, '{w Fruitful, ayaBbs, 77, bv
Found, to, KTiQa, a<a P'niilfully, most, avrri IWUTTJS opr-
Fountain, wrjy}), TJJ ; iri8o|, O.KOS, ri ra
Four, Ttffffapes, a Fruitless, SA.IOJ, o, ov
Four-hundred, Ttrpaitoatoi, at, a Fulfil, to, TAe'o>, taw
04-
296 FU GO

Full, irA^prjs, es ; irAeos, o, ov ;

ir\ei-
Get-up, to :
pf.
mid. fypfiyopa
os, a, ov Ghosts, veuves, tav, ol

Fully, Siairavrbs Gift, Scapri/Mt, O.TOS ; Swpov ; SupeA,

Furious, ardcr0a\os, ov as
Furniture, qjcfvea, ftav, TO. Gird, to, fvdirrta, ty<a
Further, en Girdle, ^oxn-ty), rjpos, o
Further-on, irp6<ria Girl, Kopi], TJS

Fury, /nrjvis, IDS, if Give, to, SiS<afj.i, fut. Suxrta, a. 2. eSasv,

Futile, Kevbs, fy, bv a. 1. (Sana. Poet. 5i56o>

Future, eff6fj.evos, 17, ov Give-a-signal, to, fftjuaivoi, avia
Future, the, rb f*,f\\ov Give-back, to, airoSiStafj.i, a. 2. oire-

Future-repentance, rb /j.era[ji.f\ri(To-
Scav

Give-beside, to, TrapaSt'SoijUt, a. 2.

irapeScav
Give-directions-to, to, crTj^aiVw, a.v<a

G. Give-in-charge, to, efreAAo/wu

Give-in-exchange, to, avriK.a-raKb.aff-
Gain, uepSos, eos aia, |oj
Gain, to, alpew, a. 2. el\ov Give-it-back, to,
Gain-renown, to, evSoKipeu, 4j(r Give-orders-to, to,
Gale, avpa, as Give-out, to, (fira, a. 1. elira, a. 2.
Galilee, ToAiAaia, ay eiirov

Galingal, Kvwepos Give-up, to, evSiSufj,i, fut. ez/Swcreo

Gallus, r<AAoj Give-way, to, ^wpew, rjffw

Gammon, /ccoAr), TJS Glad, to be, x^P (a > a P&
'

Gape, to, x a iva> >

av ^> exavov Glad-at, to be, eirixaipu
Gape-in, to, eyxaivca, avia Gladly, ijSecos

Garden, Krfwos Glisten, to, KOL^TTW, tyca

Gargarus, rdpyapos, fi Globe, a?a, as

Garland, ffTetyavos Glorious, KvSd\ifj.os, ov
Garment, ipdnov Gloriously, et/KAejcSs
Gate, irv\7i, ris Glory, 5<S|a, -rjs

Gather-together, to, \ey<a, |a> Glow, to, aiOca ; at6ofj.ai

Gauls, FciAAoi, cav, ol Glut, tO, KOpfU, 4(70}

General, a, <rTparr)\dTr)s, ov,6; ffrpa- Go, to, e'ifj.i, plup. mid. jj'eic, a. 2.
inf. old form ifj.ev
Generate, to, reKv6ca, <a<rca Go-about, to, irfpiepxo/JMi, a. 2. we-
Generation, yevea, as pirj\6ov
Generous, yevvdios, a, ov Go-away, to, elepx ^ ") a> 2. {^A.-
Genuine, ym'](nos, a, ov 6ov
Germans, rep/xdwi, Siv, ol Go-back, to, vfo/j.at
Get, to, a\<f>d.v<a, avta Go-back-from, to, airovtofjMi
Get-away, to, virdyta, |CD Go-fast, to, &o>, poet. i&eia>
Get-from, to, OTroAa/udj/co, a. 2. oire- Go-forward, to, irpoepxofJ.ai, a. 2.?rpo-
\KOV rj\8ov
<o<-
Get-gain, to, tctpfiaivca, avSi Go-frequently, to, (^otrctco, riffta ;

Get-in-exchange, to, avriKara\\<iff- re<a Ionic

ffco, o> Go-from, to, a.TcipxofJ.a.1, a. 2. OTT^A-

Get-into, to, fv5vofj.cn, <rofj.a.t 6ov

Get- ready, to, irapafr/cet/afouat, ffofj.a.1 Go-in-order, to, eTt(-^a>, |
Get-rid, to, fj.t8iefj.cu Go-into, to, eiffei/j.1
Get-to, to, TrpoffSaivia, a. 2. irpocreSrjv Go-off, to, oTrei/ui
 GO GU 297
Go-on, to. irifu Grand-father, irctTnros

()O-OUt, tO, tT?|t Grand-son, vlcavbs

Go-out-against, to, fire^fi/j-i, a. 2. tir- Grant, to, duoKoyw, ^ffta
.,, Grape, o~ra<pv\)), 775
Go-out-of, to, :, a. 2. e|^A- Grape-bearing, 7roAu<rTo<iAos, ov
Grass, itoia, as
o-over, to, irepiei/ut Grateful, ewixapros, ov
o-straight, to, Karop66o>, fixrca Gratified, fi86fj.(vos, 77, ov
Gratified, to be, a. 1. p. %
o-through, to, Siti/ju fiSo/j.ai,

o-thy-way, ihraye
o-to-law, to, Sixd^ouai, O~O/MI Grave,
O-tO-war, to, iro\(fj4<a, ija'ta Great, /xeyas, /usyaArj, /ue'7o ; gen.
o-together, to, ffvpiropfvo/wi, o~o /xe7o\ou, TJS, ow
fj.a.1
Great- attention -to -business, <pi\o-
o-up, to, avi]K<a Trpay/j-oarvvr), TJS

o-upon, to, tireifu, a. 2. firtov Great-concourse-of-people, a,

o-without, to, TTjTOOjUcu
oat, ol|, gen. cuybs, 6, 77 Great-deal-of-money, a,
oblet, Kpdr^p, Tjpos, 6 : Ion. Kprj
Greater, /j-fifav, ov
GOD, 0bs Greater-part, the, oi irKevves
Goddess, &ea, as Greatest, neyta-ros, TJ, ov ; 7
Godlike, dews, a, ov 17, OP

Going-away, I am, d-jrtifj.1 Greatly, fj.eya ; fj.eyd\o>s

Greatness, /j.eye&os, eos ; Ion. peya-
Gold (adj.), xP*>o~fos, a, ov ; 6os, fos
Grecian, 'EAATJPJKOS, 7^, bv
Gold-wrought, xpi'^Aoros, ov Grecians, Axatol, uv "EAATji/es, uv
;

!l, XP^T* OS <*> "^ > Greece, 'EAAas, d$os, ?j

Gone, to be, oixofMt Greek, "EAATJP, yvos, 6
(ioud,a, ayaObv Greeks, Ax<woJ, iav "EAArjfey, eoi/ ;
Good, aya0bs, bv 7^7, ; xp^^s, 7j, bf
(iood-deed, o7O0oep7('a, as- Grief, efA70J, eos ; A.UTTJ, TJS (C)
Good-for-nothing, /iox^pbs, a, bv Grieve, to, a\y4<a, ijo-w
Good-fortune, rb fvrvx*s Grieve-for, to, Karatrrfvu
Good-health, rb vyiaivttv Grieved, to be, dxQofMi, rf(ro/j.at
Good-looking, eueiS^jy, es ; superl. Grieving, axvvfjievos
((T-raros, 77, OP Grievous, axftwbs, ^i, bv
Good-qualities, -ra ayadb. Grievous-weight, axSTlSiav, 6vos, TJ

Good-report, *vK\fia, as Grievously, aivcas

Good-reptttfttipOj u8e{ia, s Grirfin, 7pinf, UTTOS, o
Qood-wulj eui/ofo, as ; &v/ubj Grim, 70^70^0$, bv
(Jo re, Pporos Grimly, 7op7bc
(JOVt'lll, tO, c0YU>, fd Groan, 7^0 s
i-l)\-kiiiL;s, to, /3arriA.fuei>, aw Groan, to, yodo>
Ooveramrat, ru^awls, i5os, 77 Ground, yrj, T/S
Governor, dpxw, ovros Grove, A<ror, eos
Grace, KdVjuos Grow, to, <pv<, vff<a
(iriiccs, the,
XopiTfy, &JP, at Crow-old, to, KaTayrjpdffKU ; 777.
Gradual, flatus, a, bv pdaKw, dffia
Grow-up, to, avfo/iuu, pf.
iniiiitiiumui, Guard, <pi\a, a/cos
298 GU HE
Guard, to, (pv\dff<r<a, |to Hasten, to, ffirtvo'ca, ao>
Guard-against, to, v\aeo/j.ai, rjffo Hate, fjucros, fos
fxou ; <l>u\a.ff<j<i>, a> Hate, to, fjuo-eta, foot
Guard-over, to, irptxf>v\dtra'u Hateable, exOpavrtos
Guardian-spirit, Satuoviov Hated-entirely, to be, airfxOofuu
Guardiaa-to, to be, firtTpoirevu, <ru Hateful, most, ex^tcrros, TJ, ov
Guess, to, fireiicdfa, aw Hatred, e'xfya, a*
Guest, fvos Have, to, e'x, fut. { and (TX^CTW,
Guide, v<pr]yi]T^s, ov, 6 a. 2. ffyov, effxov

Guide, to, 6S6<o, (a<ria Have-a-care, to, eirj/teXeo/wu, foo-

Guilt, a/Mpria, as fuu
Guilty, aStitiav, ov<ra, ovv Have-a-sense-of-shame, to, aiffxvvo-
Gulf, ic6\iros fJMl
Have-a-sense-of-shame-for, to, aur-
XVVO/J.OI, OUfMl
II Have-care-for, to, (ppovrifa, a<a
Have-despotic-power, to, rvpavvfea,
Habitation, oucta, as
Habitual, tv fdet Have-in-hand, to, eirixp,
Habituate-to-act, to, Have-in-mind, to, evBvfifOfjuu
(TO)
Have-in-possession, to, urdofjuu, foo-
Had-it-not-been, ei /^ fUU
Hades, Ai's, iSos, 6 Have-power-cver, to, Kpareea, foca
Hail (verb), x a^P ( <
^TU Have-the-mastery-over, to, Kparw,
Hair, Ko/j.ri, ijs ; fdeipa, as ; X a*T'7i
its Have-understanding, to, (ppovta,
Half, 9i/j.io~vs, eia, v foea
Having-a common - boundary- with,
-
Half-talent, iituraKavrov
Hand, x'P ^. gen. x fl pb*> X e fa SfjLOpOS, OV
Handicraft, x eiP<ava4'la as '> Having-black-water, /J.\dvv8pos, ov
Handiness, tvxfpeia, as Having-large-necks, tpiavxevts, tev
Having - the - same name,
-
Handle, 6xavov dfuavvpos,
Handle, to, cwrro/wu, ai^o/uat ov
Handsome, eu5^s, ts Having-their-own-laws, avr6vouoi
Hang, to Kpe/j.tivvu/jii, fut. Kpffj.dffca Having-them-tied, xeptKfifj.evot'
He, fKfivos airrbs ov-ros oSe
Hang-up, to (neut.), Kppa/j.at ; ; ; ;

Happen, to, (rv/j.aivoi, a. 2. avve- Kfli'os ;

&
STJV 1? 05
He-goat, x'A" "rpdyos >

Happiness, fvSai/j.ovia, as He-having-arrived, avrov TJKOPTOJ

Happy, /Mucdpios, a, ov ; 6\ios, a, ov He-would-not-have-died, OVK ov OT-
Happy-Gods, na.Ka.pes, <av tOavev
Harass, to, rapdaaca, |w Head, Ke<pa\)i, rjs
Harbour, \ifj.riv, tvos, 6 Head, to, TjyffMvfixa, au>
Hard, artpebs, a, bi> Head-a-republic, I

Hard-lot, 8ixrirpa|i'a, as Heads, the, TO trp&ra

Harm, TTjua, arcs Healer, tarpds
Harm, to, mjnaiw, avta Health, vyieia, as
Harp, <p6pfj.iy, yyos, TJ ; KtOdpa, as Healthiness, nwnjpia, as
Harpagus, "Apira7os Heap-up, to, x^t ^ ff& >

Harper, icidapcpSbs Hear, to, OKOVU, ffte

Harsh, <r/cAr)pbs, c, by Hear-equally-with, to,

Haste, rd^us, eoj ; aitov^'t), rjs
 HE HO 299
Hear-into, to, euratcovw, ffca Hide, a, Supdepa, as
Hear-of, to, K\vca, ata Hide, tO, KpVTTTOJ, Vl]/<a

Hearken-to, to, K\via, a<a Hide-in, to, eyKpinrTca, tyta

Hearken-to, to, aKpodo/j.ai, daofj.ai Hide-with, to, airyKpinrroi, $<a
Hearsay, OKO^I, fjs Hiding-place, Kev8/u.uiv, wvos, o
Heart, fjrop, opos, TO ; Ktap, TO ; /cTjp, High, utj/ijAos, $), bv
Krjpos, TO ; KapSia, as ; KpaSia High (adv.), fyov
Hearth, ftrria, as High-character, a'uocris, eoos, r\

Heat, KdD/xa, a-ros ; &d\Tros, tos High-leaved, aKpoKopos, ov

Heaven, ovpavbs High-mindedness, <pp6vri/j.a, O.TOS

Heavenly, &e?os, a, ov Highest, a/cpos, a, ov

Heavily, &ap<as Highest-part, Kpas, dros, rb
Heavily, most, f3a.pvTO.Ta Hill, \<ty>os
Heavily-laden, to be, /3pj0o/uou ; pf. Him, eneivov ;
avTbv ; fj.iv ; o~<$>e
: I ,

mid. /3tpWa viv ;

roVSe : him, eKfivy avTia
to ; ;

Heaviness, /Sdpos, eos TcpSe : ol : of him, 06, &c. And see

" He"
Heavy, &apvs, tia, v
Heavy-armed-man, oirXiT-qs, ou (f) Him-who-happens-to-be-at-any-time-
Hecate, 'E/carr;, TJS- the-ruler, rbv KpaTovvr' afl
Hecatomb, KaT6/j.ri, TJS Himself, avTbs ; accus., tavrbv, av-
Hector, "E/crcop, opos, 6 rbv : of himself, iavrov, av-rov,
Hecuba, *E/{7), rjs avTov : to himself, tavry, a\n<ji.

Heights, a/cpa, <av t T& Ionic gen. iwvrov

Helen, 'EA^vij, TJS Hind, vefyos
Hell.^ovjy, ov, 6 ; AtSTjs, ov Hinder, to, KU\VQI, ereo
Hellas, 'E\\as, d$os, ^ Hinder-from, to, airoKieKvw, vtroa
Hellenes, "EAAiji'es, <av, ol Hint, inro6i]/jLOffvvr], TJS

Hellenic, 'EAATJVIKOS, ^j, bv Hippias, 'linrias, ov, 6

Hellespont, 'E\\^ffirovTos Hippocrates, 'iTrrroKpdTrjs, fos, o
Helmet, xpdvos, tos Hippolytus, 'Iinr6\vTos
Help, j3o7)fc<a, as Hippylus, "l7nruA.os
Help, to, apr,ytti, |ai Hire, to, ^10-660^.1, c^cro/xai
Helper (fem.), ffv\\ijirrpia, as His, ebs, (TJ, tbv iy, ?), to ;

Henceforth, eVetra His-fofmer-friends, ol <pi\oi ol vp6<r-

Her, ebs, %, bv Btv
Her, of, fKtivr)s ; Keivrjs ; raurrys ; His-future-friends, ol vffTfpov
aurijs ; T7jcr5e ; accus. jucc ;
viv ; His-will, TO ouroD &ov\6/j.evot>
(K((vr\v ; &c. Hit, to, Tratto, o~<a

Herald, KIJ/>K{, woy Hit-upon, to, Tvyxdvw, Tvxfov, a. 2.

Herald, to, /cTjpuoxrw, |u (T\IJ(OV

Herculean, 'Hpd\ios, a, ov Hither, evBdSe ; Stvpo
Hercules, 'HpoxATjj, oy, 6 Hither-and-thither, tv6a Kal ivQa
Herdsman, /Jou/cd'Aos Hitherto, f/jmpoo-Oev
Here, S8 ;
tvddSf Hoary, iro\ibs, a, bv
Hereafter, oiricru Hog, 8$, vbs
Hermione, 'Ep/uioV?;, TJS Hold, to, f'^w, fut. {o), a. 2. fix ov >
Hermogenes, 'Epnoytvys, ov, 6
Hermus,"Ep/uos Hold-any-intercourse, to, ir\to/uat
Hero, ijpeoy, wos, <5 Hold-apart, to, 5itx>, & 2. Sifcrxov
Herodicus, 'Hp<$8i/coy Hold-communion, to, Koivuvtta, ijcrw
Herself, oin-^;, T}S Hold-forward, to, irpotrex<o
Hesitate, to, o(/e'w, ifo-w Hold-off, to, ex", fut. ffxfau
06
300 HO ILL

Hold-out, to, virofiei'ta, evco Hunger, \:/M>S

Hold-out-to, to, Trapix 01 , a. 2. irap- Hunger-after, to, irtivdea, d
e'o-xov, Hunt, &ipa, as
Hold-up, to, <wex&>, a. 2. avtcrxov Hunt, to, S^jpoo), dffco

Hole, <fi<a\tbs Hunt-after, to, frriptuce, (Tea

Holy, ayvbs, i], bis ; If
fibs, a., bv Hunt-for, to, ^rjpdofuti, d
00-10$, a, ov Hurl, to, piirrta, i//w
Home, 86/j.oi, <av Hurricane, AoiAai^, airos, ri

Homer, "O/j.i)pos Hurry, to (neut.), 6pfjuiu, -fiato

Homeward, oi/coSe Hurt (subst.), S-fj\rio-is, etas, T)

Honey, M^'. tTOS i T^ Hurt, to, 0\dirr(a, fyto

Honeycomb, /j.f\'iKrtpov Hurtful, Srj\TJfj.<av, ov
Honor, TI/UT), fjs Husband, irAcris, IDS, etas
Honor, to, rita, <ra> Husbandry, yewpyia, as
Honorable, Ka\bs, 77, bv ; superl. Hyacinthine, vaxivQwos, TJ, ov
KoAAurros, TJ, ov Hyllus, "TAAos
Honorable-conduct, rb Ka\bv Hypocrite, inroKptrfo, ov, o
Honorably, /coAws
Hook, dyKiarpov
Hope, eAiris, i'Sos, ^
Hope, to, eA7rio>, <rw I, eyiii
Horn (adj.), Kepdrivos I-for-my-part, eyuye
Horrible, most, piyurros, t\, ov I-went, T^i'a
Horribly, ^.^70 <rij>65pa. I-wish-that, <a<pe\e
Horror, <poos Ibycean, ISvKtios, a, ov
Horse, 'linros Ichneumon, txvevr^s, ov, o
Horse (adj.), Itnreios, a, ov Ida, 'I5a, Tjr
Horse-course, 'urirdSpopos Idasan, iSdios, a, ov
Horse-taming, iTnrcJSo/ios, ov Idea, tSea, as
Horseman, tTnreus, eos Idomene, lSofj.4vij, TJS
Horsemanship, lirirocrwr), js; tmri/c^, Idomeneus, Itio/jievfvs, a>s, Ion. rjos, b
T)S If,
Hostile,iro\ejaioj, a, ov ; exdpbs, a, bv If-altogether, eiirep
Hot, Sepubs, ^, o^ If-consequently, fireav
House, OIKOS ; 5c//uos ; OIKLO., as ;
8aj-
If-in-any-way, ei Ktas

(M, O.TOS If-it-should-so-happen, rvxov

House-building, oucoSo/Mjcns, eos, ri If-you-compare-it-with, ois irpbs
How, TTWS If-you-stand-in-need-of, e 8e? u/uos
How-good, ofos, a, ov Ignoble, ayevvrjs, es
Hovv-it-is-that, oirtos Ignominy, arlfua, as
How-many, bffos, rj, ov Ignorance, a/J.a6ia, as
How-much, it6<ros, rj, ov ;
Ion. K.6-
Ignorant, dtSpis, i
aros Iliad, lAios, dSos, i]
How-much-soever, offoa-irep, rjirfp, Ilioneus, l\iovevs, tws, Ion. jjos, o

OVTTtp Ilium, 'l\iov

How-tliat, ois 111 (adv.), KOKWS
Huge, Tre\capios, a, ov 111, an, KOKOV
Human, avSp6fj.fos, a, ov 111, to be, vofftca, jjtra)
Humble, \6aua^bt, vi, ov Ill-disposed, Svffxfpaivcav, ojua., ov
Hundred, ktcarov, undeclined Ill-fated, 8vffTvx<av, oDcro, ovv
Hundred-t'ol i, a, eKarojTos, rj, ov Ill-health, appeaffria, as
Hundred-headed, kKo.royKa.pa.vos, ov Ill-in-mind, voakw Siv
 ILL IN 301

Ill-spoken-of, to be,
KO.KWS UKOVU Jn-case, ty
111-state-of-health, Ka.K6rijs, rjros, rj In-comnion, tv ^firw
Ill-treat, to, aiKio/Mu In-company-with, fj.tra,

Ill-use, to, K{uc6ia, (affia

In-consequence-of, (nrb
ov In-consequence-ot-thinking,
Illegal, irapdvopos, rj

Illness, ir6vos , ,

Illustrious, (paiSi/Jios, ov In-discovering, yvuvai

lllyrian, IAAupiK?>s, fy,
bv In-every-respect, ira.vra.tra.ai

ol In-fact,
Illyrians, the, lAAt/ptol, lav, Si}

Image, dya\/J.a, aros In-good-health, vyiaiviav, ovo'a., w

Imagination, (ppovrls, tSos, fj In-good-time, eis Ka\bv
Imagine, to, oio/uai ; oijuat In-my-judgment, ira.p epol
Imitation, / In-my-turn, oca /uepos
Immediately, In-Nestor's time, NeWopt
Immediately-that-they-hear, eirei re In-no-other-way, ovSafjuas d\\us
rdxio"ra eirvdovro In-no-way, ovSautos
Immense, vTteptyifys, ks In-order, |e/7js ; ^>e|^s
Imminent, nf\\tav, ovcra, ov In-order-that, oirus
Immoderate, d/j.frpos, ov In-order-that-not, 'Lva.

T&AAa
^
Immortal, addvaros, ov ;
or -os, t\, In-other-respects,
ov In-our-power, p' ijfuv

Impart, to, jueraSi'Sw/ut, aScaffu In-place-of, inrip

Impel to, aviiiyw, |a>. In - preventing- him - from - falling, rb
Impend, to, |UeAA<u fir] ov trffffiv

Impetuosity, ^iirr;, ys In-regard-to-making-enquiries-about,

Impetuous, frovpos, ov rb fii) ov irv6(ff6ai
Impious, aaf&is, fs In-some-degree, TTWS
Important, more, irpfo-Gvrfpos, a, ov In-the-contrary-direction, t/j.ira\tv

Important, most, ptyiffros, ri, ov In-the-earth, x^ ov ^

Imposed-on-strangers,
Impossibilities, To^xaJ/ct
Impossible, diropos, ov ; aSvvaros, ov
Impotence, cucpdrtta, as
Imprecate, to, opdo/xcu
Imprecation, apa., ay
Impudence, dpdtros, tos
^ with dative;
la, poet, tvl
In-a-better-manner, Kotiaaov
In-a-body, oA^s, 'os
In-a-dastardly-rnanner,
In-a-manii'old-degree, iro\\air \daia
In-a-manner-worthy, aliens
TtAeVai
In-accomplishing,
In-after-time, Sffrtpov
In-another-part, oAAofo
In-another-way, oAAeus
In-any-degree, TI
In-any-other-manner, try d\\p
eviicbs, fy, bv In-the-greatest-degree, fiiyiarrov
In-the-interval, tv r<j>8e
In-the-mean-while, ev rovr<p
In-the-midst, fi.rav
In-the-past-year, irepvvi
In-the-power-of, irpbs
In-the-same-way-as, d>s a&rws
s rbv tirtira
In-the-time-to-come,
Xpovov
In-the-way, ftiirofiiiiv
aytwus In-the-way-that, STTOIS
In-their-arms, o7/caAari
In-this-manner, <L5i (I)
In-this-part, fvravda,
In-truth, rif 6vri
In-turn-receive, to, avrtSfxof^cu, fo-
fUU
In-two, 5/xa
In-vain, \u&.vr\v

In-any-way, iru> and irtas irois ge- :

In-what-a-slatu, 'Lva,

nerally before a vowel In-what-part, ir6dt

In-any-way-at-any-time, Trtiirore In-what-place, ira
In-armor, oiffd-nis, ov (I) In-what-state, "va,
302 IN

Inhabit, to, KarjiKeec, -f\(fu> ;

otxeu
In-which, i-vo.
Inlierit, to, K\T)povoij.i<i>, -fata
<TT<=-
In-which-crowns-were-given, Inheritance, K\rjpos
Inhospitable, a,utx6a\6fis, effva, e

In-which-place, 061 Inimical, ex^

y *, ov

In-your-way, e.uiroStbi' Injunction, f(pfr/j.r], rjs

as
Inability-to-sail, dirAoja, Injure, to, uStKeca, fou
ov Injurious, ar&aQaXos, ov
Incapable, a^xavos,
Incensed, to be, S>v/j.6o/j.at Injury, vSpts, eois, r]

Inclination, &u/ubs Injustice, aSiicia., as

ff<a
Incline, to, vevta,
Inclined, to be, fiovKonai,
Inclose-in-wax, to, xaraicripdca,
Inconsiderate, d<pp<av, ov
Increase-in-power, to,
perf. 7njw|rj^at
Incredible, airurros, ov
Incredulous, to be, airiaTtta,
Incur, to, o<p\iffita.v<a t
Incursion, KoraSpo/u^; rjs
Indeed, r\ ; p-fv, when answering to 5e
Indictment, ypa<f>}], rjs
Indifference, a/ueAeia, as
Indigenous, avrox6o>v,
Indignant, to be, opyl^ofnat, o-ojuai
Indignation, du/ubs
Indiscriminate, cucpnos, ov
Individual, an, jSucrijs, ov, &
Indulge, to, e'x"
Indus, IvSbs
Innermost-part, /j.vxbs
rjffOfjtai Inscribe, to, ypcupco, ^<a
(affu
Insignificant, (uicpbs. a, bv
Insolence, vpis, fus, ri
wavfOfuu ; Insolent, vwfptos, ov
Insolent, more, vSpurTorepos, a, ov
Insolent, to be, vpia>, aia
rjerw Inspect, to, frftapfco, rfcrca
a. 2. to<j>\ov ; Instantaneously, trapaxp^t^a
Instantly, | inroyvov
Instead-of, avrl
Institution, en-trifSeu^o, OTOS
Instruct, to, iratSfvia, cra>
Instruction, vaiSfia, as
' Instructor, iroiSorptgr/s, on (I)
Instruments, Spy ova, iav, TCI
Insult, vpLS, fcas, rj
Insult, to, vpify, trta ;
K
Intangible, aoirros, ov
Intellect, (ppovrjais, f<as, TJ

Inevitable, O^UKTOS, ov Intellects, tppeves, <av, at

Inexperience, oTreipia, as Intelligence, (ppovrjTis, cas, fy

Inexperienced, fafipos, ov Intelligent, eiriffrd.fj.evos, TJ, ov

Infamous, Ka/co5c|oij', ovira, ovv Intelligibly, o-a<f>>s
Infamy, oSo|io, as Intend, to, ^teXAw ; Attic imperf
Infant, vrfirios
Infantry, irs^bs Intention, v6os, vovs ; gen. v6ov, vov
Infatuation, Kaxo^aifj.ovia, as Inter, to, KTfpeifa, ffta

Infer, to, TeKpaipofjuu Intercept, to, tvaieoi

Inferior, Kaiciiav, ov Intercept-by-a-wall, to, oiroreiX'C^)
Inferior-to, Viffffiav, ov icro)

Inflate, to, tyvffata, TJCTW Interception, air6\rpl/ts, c<as, ri

Inflexible, OKTJXTJTOS, ov Interchange, to, SiaAAoo-trw, |w

Inflict, to, (tnfivofjuu Interdict, to, airayopevu, ffu
Inform, to, StSdffKia, |w Interest, rb x/>ftD8es
Information, ayy*\la, as Interpret, to, \andvo
Informed-of, to be, irvvddvofMt, fut. Interrogate, to, aiwropeco, -f\a<a
vewTOfuu, a. 2. tirv66pi)v Intervene, to, $id<pvu.t, a. 2. Siftpvv
Informer, <rvKo<pdvrr)s, ov, 6 Intimacy, avvriQeia, as
Inglorious, 5vffK\f)]s, es Into, ets, es with accus.
Ingloriously, SvffK\eus Into-seven-parts, tirraxa
 IN KE 303
Intolerable, OVK avtKrbs, bv Join-in, to, ev&vyvv/M, fvtvco
Intreat, lo, iKerevw, ffu Join-in-alliance, to, ffvfj.fj.axtv, ifrw
Introduce, to, fiff(pfpta Join-together, to, ffvfj.d\\u, oAw
Intrust, to, eiriTpeiru, \L<a Joint, dpOpov
In.vade, to, \afj.8dvca, a. 2. f\aov Jointly-agitate, to, ffWTapdffffca, |co
Invaders, of tiri6vTts to, <rvfj,irop6eu>,
Jointly-plunder, -/fart

Inveigh-agair.st, to, eyicaXf<u imp. <Tvveir6pQfOV, ovv

Invent, to, fi/picriaa, a. 2. tvpov
Invite, to, KoAe'w, 4ffa> Journey, oSonropta, as
Involuntary, AKOVITIOS, a, ov Journey, to, Paivta, a. 2. eSi]v, pf.
Involve, to, eAi'mrco, <
t3eT)Ka
lole, l6\r], ijs Journey-through, to, SiaSaivu, a. 2.

Ionian, \6vios, A, ov StegT/v

lonians, 'leaves, uv, of Jove, gen. Aibs
Zei/s, j ZV> ^J f
4
Irksome, \vypbs, ek, bv Joy, xdp/J-a, aros
Iron, crlSripos Joy-of-heart, twffpofffaj, i\s

Iron-forging, criSrjporfKruv,
ov Joy-producing, x a/J
'
7r
otos, bv
Irrationally, a\6y<as Judea, louoaia, as
Island, tnjcros, r} Judge, Kpir^s, ov ; SiKaffrijs, ov
Ismenus, Icr/urjcbs Judge, to, Kpivca, tvio, a. 1. iKpiva
Issue, to, yiyvo/Mi Judge-against, to, KaraKpivu, lv>
Isthmian, 'ivO/juos, a, OP Judge-between, to, Sx/cpiW, Ivw
Isthmus, nrfytbs Judge-of, to, npivw, Ivia

It, OVTOS, avrrt, tovro ; 88e, i)5e, r65e ; Judge-worthy, to, a|ioa>, <e<rta

currbs, !j, b ;
accus. ovrov ;
r6v$e ; Judgment, Kplffts, etas, T)

avrbv ;
e Judgment-seat, SiKaffT^piov
It-becomes, 5<T Jump, to, Trt]Sdu
It-behoves, xp f ^ v Jump-from, to, aTTOTrr)5du, i]<r<a

It-being-determined, SOKOVV Juno, "Hpa, ay

It--being-in-your-power, irapov <rot Jupiter, Zeus, gen. Aiis, 6
It-did-not-happen, OVK e^tytvera Just, S'tKatos, a, ov ; eVS(/cos, OP
It-has-been-determined, e5o|e Just-as, Siffirep
It-having-been-determined, $6l-av Just -as -I- was -taking -in-hand, rJSr;

It-is-a-care, /w^Aei, i}<rei

It-is-not-permitted, OVK ^{<m Justest, SiKcuoVaroi , rj, ov

It-is-reasonable, toiKf Justice, SiKcuoffvvr], TJT ; 8i/cr)

It-is-right, xp & f(rrl

f v fiK6rus
Justly, SiKaius
It-shall-be-said, eiprffffrai
'
It-was-possible, fv($tx t ro
It-would-be, a.v eii\ K
Italians, lra\iartu, >v, of
Ithaca, WaKri, TJS Keen, o|us, ?a, i>

Its-being-wrong, rb Keep, to, f'xai, a. 2. etrxov,ixov

Itself, curbs, }), b Keep-aloof, to, ffx* (j3 a - 2. fffx o>> >

Ivied, KKnnj'prjs, es Keep-aloof-from, to, a^fVrrj/ii

Ivy, KKTffbl Keep-awake, to, tydpto, fpG>
a>
Keep-guard, to, <t>v\dcr(rci>,
J. Keep-gu;ird-at, to, ippovpt <a, TJO-W with
ace.
Jason, Idffuv, ovos, 6 Keep-hold, to, Ixpl"11 , fut. ef
Javelin, JMW, ovros, 6 ; Keep-off, to, fipyta, |w
J*sus, litffovs, ov Keep-under, to, v<pii)ju
301- KE LE

Keeper, pur^p, rjpos, 6 Lady, yw^, gen. yvvatKbs

Keeper-of-the-laws, vo[W(pv\a, O.KOS Lais, Accts, i'Sos, rj

Key, K\fis, etSbs; Ion. K\i)ts, itios, Laius, Aai'os

71 Lake, \ifj.vri, TJS

Kid, fpttpos Lament, to, /u.upo/xa

Kill, to, Kreivta, evu, a. 2. ittravov Lamentation, y6os
Kill-entirely, to, KaraKTfivca, evw Lamp, \a/j.iras, oSos, ^
Kill-off, to, a.iroK'Tfivta fva> Lamprus, Adfjurpos
Kill-utterly, to, KardxTri/ju, a. 2. xar- Lampsacus, AdfJ.tya.Kos
ZKTTIV Lance, \6yxn, ~ns
Kin, yevos, eos Land, ")(d^iv, ovbs, r] yfa, ; yrj
Kind, xp^'rbs, 77, bv Land-forces, irffbs, ov
Kind, a, ytvos, tos Landing, mr6aais, ecoj, i]
Kind-service, <pi\6Tr)s, TJTOS, rj Language, tjxav^i, rjs
Kindly, evvoiKtas Large, iroAus, iroAAr;, iroAu
Kindly-disposed, to be, tppoveu Last, fcrxaTos, r\, ov
Kindred, yevos, eos Last (adv.), vo-rspov
Kindred (adj.), v/j.(l>v\os, ov Lasting-all-night, trdvi'vxos, ov
King, rvpavvos ; /3affi\fvs, ftas Lastly, erro
Kingdom, rvpavvls, iSos, f); Ba<n\fia, Late, ot|/e
or Late-indeed, XP OV V V vffreptf ^v
Kingly, /3affi\iKbs, ^, bv Latest, vararos, r\ t ov
Kiss, to, Kixa, iiirca
(u) Laud, to, dya/j-ai
Kite, ixTivos Laugh, to, ye\d<a, a.a<a
(ei)
Knee, y6vv, aros, poet, yovvbs, rb ; Laugh-against, to, KaTaye\d<a, dtrw
pi. y6va.ro., poet, yovva, Laugh-at, to, ireyyt\da>, dffu ; KU-
Kneeling, yovvire^s, es rayf\doi ; wpo(rye\dca
Knife, [tdxaipa, as ; <f>d<ryavov Laughter, ye\tas, anos, o
Know, to, iffypi Laurel, 5a<^wj, TJS
Know-thoroughly, to, eei50, pf. Law, v6fj.os
mid. 'oi8a Law-giver, vofwOeTijs, ov, 6
Know-well, to, KareiStu ; pf. mid. Lawfulness, Scpis, f)
KctrotSa Lay-aside, to, Karari0ri/J.i, a. 2. Kar-
Know-with, to, |wet8e', pf. mid.
l^oiSa Lay-by, to, Tr ; poet, irop-
Knowing, the, at (iS6res riOfca

Knowlege, eirto-TTJuTj, rjs Lay-down, to, /ii, a. 2. /car-

irix 'P 6a< 7! (rw

Lay-hands-on, to,

Lay-hold-of, to, \a/j.Sdvai

Lay-waste, to, iropOfw, ^<rw

Labdacus, Aa5acos Lead, jj.6\i6os
Labor, irtij/os ; Kd^aros Lead, to, dyw, |a>, a. 2. rtyov, Attic
Labor, to, Kd/j.via, a/j., a. 2. fKupo riyayov
Labor-at, to, irovfia, T\au> Lead-an-army, to, arpa-ri^yfta, faca
Lacedaemon, AaKfSaifMwi', ovos, rj Lead-astray, fc, Trfavaw, fjo'ia

Lacedaemonians, AaKeSaifj.dviot, ol Lead-away, to, 070;, |o>

Lacerate, to, S^UTTTOI, \f/w Lead-back, to, a-n-dyut
Laches, AoxTjy, I)TOS, 6 Lead-out, to, fdy<a, |oj
Lack, to, ftri\f'nr(0 iLead-the-way, to, rjytfj.ovfvw, <ro>

Ladder, K\i/u.a, o/cos, 6 Lead-upon, to, firdyca

Ladle, ropvvr), rjs Leader, jjyefjMV, 6vos, 6
 LE LO 305

Leading, a, riyffiovia, as Liberate, to. aTcAAoVffw, |<B

Leaf, irera\ov Libya, AiSvrj, TJS

Leap, a, iHjSijjua, aros Licence, t^ovaia, as
Leap, to, aAAojitoj, fut. aAoC/ioi Licentiousness, o/toAaffia, as
Leap-out, to, a<pd\\ofMi, fut. a<pa- Lie, to, Ket/Mu
AoO/xcu Lie, to (in word), i//v8o/uox,
Leaping, a, oA/xa, aros Lie-buried, to, Kv6u
Learn, to, pavOavw, fut. fj.afHiffOfJ.ai, Lie-down, to, Karditeifiai
a. 2. e/ja.8oi> Lie-in-wait-for, to, Sex /" '. {<

Learn-by-enquiry, to, -rrvvOdvofjai, Life, /Si'os ; (Sioros ; fad), rjs ;

fut. a. 2.
TTfvffofj.a.1, pp. wtmfffuu,
m. firv06fj,7]v Lift, to, atipu, fpu ; aipoi, apu
Learn-from, to, fK/j.avddvu Light, <pdos, <ps, gen. (pdtos, fywrbs,
Learn-thoroughly, to, KaranavOdvw, rb
KaTf/j.a6ov Light (adj), \acppbs, a, ov
Learned, ffo<pbs, ^), bv Light-on, to, fvrvyxdvca, a. 2. fve-

Learning (subst.), udOijfia, aros ;

Light-upon, to, rvyxavw, a. 2. trv-

Least, t \dxKTTos, ;, ov

Least (adv.), 9/Kurra Lighten, to (verb neuter), affrpdirrta,

Leatliern, fficvrivos, i\, ov fyto i/

Leave, to, \fi-nw, tyw Lighting, atp^i, T)S

Leave-behind, to, \diru, tyu Lightning, otTTepoir)?, ys ; arfpoir^,
Leave-by, to, cwroAeforw, fy<a
c-down, to, Kara\eiirw Like, Iffos, i\, ov ;
?o~os

^eave-go, to, /xcOfc/uai, (iffrfiffo/MU Like, to, (piAeoi, rjffw

^eave-ofF, to, ATJ^W, |w Like, to be, irpoo~<p4po/JM
^eaven, v/j.ij, ys Like-as, -r\vre
^eaven, to, {tv-ufa, tSxria Liken, to, tiKafa, au>
^eft, apurrepbs, a, by ; \atos, a, ov Likeness, 6/j.otorrjs, ijros, r/

^eg, Kvrjfj.rj, t)s Limb, yvtov

.eisurc, ffx^> Vs Line-pursued, ra
.
irparr6ft.fva
^emnos, AfJ/m/oy, 7; Linger, to, fj.ifj.vw
^eonidas, AtaviSas, ov, o Lion, \eciiv, ovros, o
.
-eontines, fifovrlvoi, ol Lioness, \taiva, as
Leopards'-skins, trap5a\iai, lav Lions'-skins, \fovr4ai, <2v, al
Lesbian, a, Ae'crg<os List, to, e<popfj,dofiai, Tjtro^ai
Less, t\aaff(av ; (\drr<av, ov Listen-to, to, Awo, <ru>

Lessen, to, t\arr6<o, <aff<a Little, oAi7oy, ij, ov ; fj.lKpos, a,

dv
Lest, ^ Little-child, &p{<j>os, os
Lest-at-any-time, i^trore Little-pig, xo'p'Siov
Let-go, to, airo\v(i>, ffo> Live, to, Pi6w, u>o~w ; dui, inf. fiv ;
Lt-it-be, (lev
Let-it-be-sakl, fnrdv Live-in, to, vefj.o/j.ai

Let-no-one-of-you-imagine, irapaffrfj Live-together, to, o~v^d<a, Tjffai, impf.

UriStvl V/AWV avvefaov, tav
Let-us-not-depart, fify 4\6tafj.tv Livelihood, 0i'os
Letter, eirimo\^i, TJJ Lofty, aiyi\i^/i itros
Level, uaA.(''v, b, ov Loiter, to, yue'AAw
Levy, to, Karaypdfjxa, $ca Long, (j,aKpos, a, ov
Libation, X"a, as Long (adv.), ird\ai
Liberal, (\ev6epos, a, ov Long, to, tTri6vfj.fw, -fiffca
306 LO MA
Long-fee, rfSr) Kai M
Long-fot, to, op^yofMt, O/JLCU

Look, fiSos, eos Machinate, to, ij.'rix av l- jiail

f > ^ffo
Look, to, <r/coWa>, ^.TW Macrinus, Maxp7vos
Look-about, to, ica.Tna.iva>, avia^- Mad, KaKuSatfuoviav , Siffa, <av
Look-at, to, SipKia, Jco Mad, to be, fjuj.ivofj.ai, fut. nai.
Look-down, to, KareiSca Made-of-bulls'-i'eet, Tavp6irovs, oSos
Look-forward-to, to, irpoopdouat, diro- Madness, fiavia, as ; dvoia, as
uai Magic, yoijreia, as
Look-into, to, eiffopdca Magistracy, apx$i, ys
Look-on, to, europdu, data Magnanimous, /j.fya\rfT(ap, op
Look-out-for, to, -rrpocrSexo/JMi, |o- Magnificently, p.eyd\(as
fUt Maia, Mam, as ; Matas, dSos
Look-towards, to, irpo(r6Trrouai, fyo- Maid-servant, S/XCDTJ, TJS

JHU Majesty, <rtas, rb

Look-up, to, avaSXfTfca, tyco Majority, the, ol Tr\evves (Ionic)
Look-up-to, to, avaG\4trca, 4/co Make, to, iroieoi, i\au>

Look-upon, to, ftyopdv, dVw Make-a-descent, to, Svju, a. 2. fSw

Looking-glass, Karoirrpov Make-a-loud-noise, to, fro9(<a
Loose, to, \voi, irca Make-adverse-preparations, to, avn-
Loose-from, to, fK\vu>, ffta airo\v<a, trapaffKfvdo/J.ai, ffo/J.ai
ffo>
Make-an-agreeraent, to, SfjioXaytca,
Loosen, to, \in, ffta fio-ta

Lop, to, TO.JJ.VJI, afioi Make-an-attack, to, rgd\\w, fut

Lord, 5<rjroT7Jy, ov f(ra\, a. 2. effiSaKov

Lord-over, to, Koipaveca, r/trw Make-an-impression-on, to, avri^afj.-

Lose, to, 5io<p0ipo), epw dvofw.i
Loss, OTT/, TJS, (d) Make-an-inroad, to, eo-gciAAto, a. 2.
Lot, /J.oipa, as
Loud-crash, /cruiros Make-clear, to, ffa<privica, o~u
Loud-noise, 8o5iros Make-common, Koaxavtu
Loud-voiced, fvpvoty, OTTOS Make-cowardly, to, KaKifa, au>
Love, aydirri, TJS Make- divinations, to, fiavrtvofMt,
Love, to, <}>iA.e&>, T)(TCD ffofiai

Lovely, fparfivbs, r/, be Make-enquiries, to, fpopai, a. 2.

Low, cucrxpta, a, bv fipopcijv
Loxias, Ao|iay, ou, o Make-enquiry, to, avurroptw
Lucan, A.ovKai>bs Make-firm, to, oxupooi, caeca
Lucrative, more, KfpSicov, ov Make-glad, to, fvcppaivca, avca
Lump, <f>upo,ua, aros Make-haste, to, avvta, au
Lurk, to, Kinrrdfa, aw Make-light-of, to, <t>av\ica, a<a

Lust, eirtOvfjda, as Make-mention, to, uvdofiai, r aou.a.i

l

Lute, &dpiTov Make-money, to, XP17M T 'CA";U , ffofiai

Luxury, rpv<pri, rjs Make-preparations, to, irapacrKfvd^o-

Lycian, A.VKIOS, a, ov uat, trou.a.t

Lycon, AvKtav, tuvos, o Make-ready., to, e^aprvca, vcrta

LycurgU'', AvKovpyos Make-room-for, to, fKx<apfta

Lydda, AuSSa, ys Make-sharp, to,

frhyu, <
Lydians, Avool, ol Make-the-att;'ck, to, irpoaTriirru
Lyre, Aupo, as Make-to-appear, to, (paivca, avca
Lysias, Atxr/as, ou, o Make-to-attend, to, orrdu, trta
Lysistratus, Avaia-Tparos Make-to-bend, to, \uyifa, ace
 MA ME 307
Make-to-burst-out, to. p'oWo?, <o Mars, 'ApT/y, eos ;
ace. ea, T\V, o.

Make-to-cease, to, irabu. <rw Martial, iro\ffj.iKbs, ^, bv

Make-to-flow, to, (>eu, evffu Marvel, &av/j.a, aros
Make-to-sland, to, Iffrijfm, tr-rrfffu Marvel-at, to, aydopai, a. 1 .
p. rjydcr-
Make-use-of, to, xpao/icu, i}<ro/wu
Malady, v6ffos, i] Marvellously,
Male, dfifriv, ev Master, Kvpios
Male-child, vlevs, iws Master-over, tynpar^s, fs
Malice, /co/ci'a, as Mastery, eyKpartia, as
Malignity, KaicorfOeia, as Mat, ylaBos
Mai-treat, to, \vfuuvofMi Materials, SA.TJ
Man, dvdptairos; av^ip, gen. avtpos, Matrimonial, ya/Micbs, )?, bv
avSpbs Matter, irpayfj.a, aros
Man, the, avrjp May-be-first-struck, /ce
(pflj;

Man, to, Tr\rtp6ca, c&ffdi May-you-be, Tvyx avfls &> v

Manage, to, e|rjyeoyua(, ^ffOfMi Me, fj.e, /j.e ; of me, fpov, (*.ov ;
to
Mandune, MavSdvrj, rjs me, ffwl, fiol
Manfully, avSpe'uas Mean, Svcrytv^s, es
Manifest, (pavepbs, a, bv Mean, to, \tyio, fw
-Manifest, to, SfiKWfii, tiffw Mean-while, JUTO|{;
Manifestly, vafyws Meaning, Sidvoia, as
Manifold, iravrofiairbs, $), b^ Meaning-to-save,
Manikin, avQpilnriov Meanly, <pav\us
JManlike, avdpuwivos, TJ, ov Means-of-living, jSfoj
Manliness, Tjvope'o, as Means- of-subsistence, fiioros
, to be, av5piofj.tu Measure, f}ov\evfia, aros
Wanly- feeling, avSpfia, as ; avSpia Meat, (TITOS
IM imer, rpoiros Meddle-with, to, airro/jiai, ^o/tat
]M;irmer-of-living, H'laira, TJS Mede, MrjSos
Planners, ^Qta, rf6ri, ra ; gen. rfOeuv, Medea, M^Seia, as
Medicine, tydpiMKov
Manoeuvres, ffrparrjy^fj.ara, <av, ra Meditate, to, /tepjurjpf^w, |w
JMiinsion, oiKriffis, fws, rj Meditating-an-attack, to be, Siavo-
Many, iroAAoi, al, a tiffOai is eiri')(tipi\a'<>)v

Many-times-greater, iro\\air\^ffios, Meet, Sfivbs, ^, ov

a, ov Meet, to, avrdw, fata
Marathon, Mapa6&>v, wvos, o Meet-with, to, avvrvyxdvw, a. 2. ffvv-

March, Mdprios irvxov

March, a, (iriffTpartla, as Meeting, (KK\i](rla, as
March, to, iroptuo/uai, ffo/Mi Megacles, MfyaK\fris, 6
March-against, to, eiriarpartvu, ffta
Melancholy, id\t/j.os ov (adj.)
t

Mardonius, MapS6vtos Melanthius, Mf\dv8ios

Mare, 'liriros, r) Melitus, MeAiros
Maritime, ira'poAos, ov Mellon, MtAAcoi/, oivos, &
Mark, a, ffKo-xbs Melt, to, ri]K<a, |w
Mark, to, 6pdta, dffu; Ion. dptta Member, KW\OV
Market, ayopa, as Memorable, more, Ionic ace. pi.
Market-place, ayopa, as neut. \6yov M*CW f r M*'C'/a
Marriage, yd/Ms Memorial, fja/TjfJKiov, ov
Marriage-bed, evv^i ya/j.rf\tos Memory, M^MI. W
Marry, to, 70/1*6 w, fut. yaf^ff<a, ya/j., Men-of-the- adverse-party, avriff-ra-
a. 1. eS ariwrat, <av
308 ME MO
Men-of-the-third-generation, rp'na- Misfortune, rvx'n, TJS
TOl Miss, to, afjaprdvca, fut afMpr-fiffta
Men-of-their-own-as-colonists, av- Mission, irpeaSevats, etas, TJ
rtav tiroiKOi Mistake, to, StatyevSto, ata
Mendesian, MevS-fifftos, a, ov Mistaken, to be, afMprdvta, fut. a/j.ap-
Menelaus, Meve Ados ; Attic MEPC-
\ttas, co, tii, 6 Mistress, Seffiroiva, TJS

Mention, /3d|is, etas, TJ Mithradates, MtflpaSarTjs, ov, &

Mention, to, <ppdu>, ffu Mitylene, MjTvAfjj'T), TJS
Meonians, MTjoves, <av, ol Mityleneans, MiTuATj^oTot, ol
Merchant, tfjnropos Mix, to, fj.tyvvfj.1, fut. jui'|o)

Mercilessly, njAews Mix-together, to, o-v/j./j.iywfju, fut.

Mercury, 'Epjurjs, ov, 6

Merely, povov Moan, to, eiriKWKvu, aia

Merry, riSvs, eia, v Mob, ol iroAAot

Message, ayye\la, as Mode-of-bringing-up, Tpo<J>rj, fjs

Messenger, dyye\os Mode-of-government, TroArrei'o, os

Metamorphose, to, /ueraSoAAto Mode-of-life, fltos
Methinks, oijuat Mode-of-living, Siaira, TJS
Mid-day, /ntffov rj/jMp, TO JModerate, fnirpios, a, ov
Middle ('adj.), juros, TJ, ov Moderately, fj.e-rpi(os
Middle, the, fj.t<rov Modesty, atSctis, 6os, ovs, TJ

Might, jSio, os Molest, to, rputo, ata

Might-perhaps-die, rv^bv av <j>6d- Money, apyvpiov

treie TeAeuTTjtrat Monstrous, ire\<apios, ov
Mild, '{\e<os, co Month, fjti)v, Tjcbs, o
Mildness, irpa6ri]s, i)ros, fj Monument, o-fjfj.a, aros
Milesian, MiAijcrios, a, ov Moon, fff\rivri, TJS
Miletus, M/ATJTOS, rj More, irKewv, ov ; Tr\eitav, ov ;
Lm.
Milk, yd\a, OKTOS, rb geil. ir\fvvos, pi. irAfCvts
Milk, to, afj.e\ya>, |co More (adv.), fj,a\\ov ;
Attic itXelv
Mill, fJ-v\ri, rjs More-at-length, ev itXeovi \6yta
Miltiades, Mi\Tid8r)s, ov, ace. ea, More-good, ir\eta ayaOa.

i\v, o More-their-own, ot/ceioVepos, a, ov

Mimnermus, Mt/uve/jfios Moreover, i
Mina, pra, as Morning, Has, 6os, ovs, TJ

Mind, v6os, vovs ; gen. v6ov, vov Morosely, xaXeicSis

Mind, to, a\ey<a Mortal, a, jSporbs &vrjTbs ;

Mindful, to be, fnvdofjMi, ijffojj.a.i

Mortal (adj.), &irjTbs, TJ, be
Mine, p.fTa\\ov Most, ir\e'io~Tos, TJ, oi/

Mine (adj.), fftbs, ^, bv Most (adv.), futAuTTa

Minerva, FIaAAs, a5os ; A.Q-r}Vj], TJS ; Most-of-the-dwellings, oi/cii at /;.

Ad-r)i>aia,, as TroAAal
Minister, a/Li<f>'nro\os Mostly, fiaAKTra
Minister, to, inrovpytta, ijffu Mote, icdpfyos, tos
Minos, Mivias, <eos, 6 Mother, ^t/TTjp, repos, rp3s
Mirth, Traiyvia, as Mother-city, /urjrpdiroAis, ecos, ^
Mischief, /SAaSrj, TJS Motion, Kivrjais, etas, TJ (i)
Mischievous, /coicoCp7os, ov Motive, airia, as
Misdeeds, T& ijij.aprrifj.fva Mound, TV/J.SOS
Miserable, rd\as, aiva, av ; /j.t\eos, Mount, to, avaSaivta ;
iKavio

a, ov Mountain, 6pos, eos

 MO NO 309
Mountain (adj.), opeios, a, ov Natural, it is, cyyiverai
Mourn, to, irfv8fo>, 4\<r<a Nature, <f>vffis, tos, ftas, f)

Mourning, a, 68vpfM, aros Naval-battle, vavfjM^ia, as

Mouse, juuy, vos, & Naval-conimander, vavapxos
Mouth, ffr6fj.a, aros Navy, vavriicbv
Move, to, iropfvofjMi, ffofjiai Near (adv.), Ti4\as; ir\ijff'iov

Much, iro\vs, fern. iroAA^, neut. woAv Near (prep.), trpbs

Much (adv.), ^toAo; TTOA.I) Near-thinking, eyyvs rov oieaQai
Much-envied, iroM;Vj\oy, ov Nearly, crx^bv
Much-learned, iroAujuo^s, ey Necessaries, eTriTTJSeia, u>v, rb.
Much-pressed, to be, iroveo/Mai, r\ao- Necessaries-of-life, TO Seovru
fUU Necessary, avay Kotos, #, ov
Much-resounding, iro\v<f>\oio-Gos, ov Necessary, it is, 8 ^
Much-shaded, Tro\vffrp^s, ts Necessity, avdyKT), ijs

Much-wrought, iro\vK/jiriros, ov Neck, auxV, ei/os, o

Mucius, Mowcioy Necos, HtKias, eSoj, 6
Mule, r]fj.iovos Need, x/>e *s ^
'"', >

Multitude, '6fil\os Need, to, Seo/iat

Murder, (p6vos Neglect, to, irapajueAe'a>, riff<o
Murder, to, (povevw, ffia Negligence, ajue'Aeio, as '

Murderer, <f>ovevs, tus Neighbor, yti-ruv, ovos

Murderous, <j>6vios, a, ov Neither, ouSe
Musaeus, MoiKraloy Neither-at-anv-time, /j.rjSeiror
Muse, fwvffa, TJS Neither - of - the - parties, /M/Se'repot,
Music, novffut}), rjy at, a

Must-be-done, irpcucrfov Neither-yet, ovotirca

Must-be-helped, Neleus, NijAei/s, euis, Ion. rjos, o
Neptune, Tlo&eiSduv, auavos, 6
Must-not-be-overlooked, OVK 4<m Nest, KaraffK^vuffis, toy, eus, i]

TTtplOTTTfOS, a, OV Net, SIKTVOV

My, e/uos, ^/, bv Never, oinrore
Mycale, MuKd\fi, TJS Never-at-any-time, ovSeTriairore
Myrtle (adj.), ^vpaiv^s, ^, bv Nevertheless, 8/iwwy
Myself, avrbs ;
ace. tpavrbv; of New, vtos, a, ov
myself, t/j.avrov ;
to myself, New, more, vturtpos, a, ov
New-married, vt6vyos, ov
Next, CKiyiyv6ft.fvos, 77, ov
N Next-to, fffjy
Nicias, Nic/oy, on, o
Nail, <W|, VXQS, 5 Night, vi>, gen. wurbs, rj

Naked, yvnvbs, TJ, bv Night (adj.), vvxrfpivbs, ^, bv

Name, 6vo/j.a, OTOS ; Ionic ovvopa Nile, NeTXoy
Name, to, ovofj.dfa, <r<a Nimble, Kovtyos, jj, ov
Name-by-change, to, (ifrovo/juifa, au> Nine, tvvea
Nameless, avavvfuos, ov Ninety, tvvfv{\Kovra
Nanno, Navvui, 6os, ovs, rj Ninth, dvaros, i\, ov evvaros, ; 7, ov
Nard, vapSos, ft Nisean, Nio-aroy, a, ov
Narration, \6yos Nitocris, Nfreowpty, joy, fi

Narrow, ffrtvbs, ^, bv No (adj.), ovStls, fem. ovStpia, neut.

Narrow-place, ffrtvo^upia, as WMP
Narrowly, fMKpbv No-by, /.la

Nation, t6vos, eos No-longer,

310 NO OD
No-more, /jaixen Not-to-wall-them-off,
No-one ovSels, oi/8e,uia,
ovirca
Not-yet,
No-profit, ovSev irXeov Not-yet-grown-up, avrjos, ov
Noble, evyevys, ts Note, St\ros, ov, T]
Noble-minded, ytvvdlos, a, ov Nothing, ovSev, gen. ovSevbs
Nobles, 6fji6ri/ju>i Notice, to, aurOavofuu
Nod, to, Karavtvofuu, ffopai Notion, iSfa, as
Noise, tyofyos Notorious, evdrffros, ov
Nominally, irp6<pao-LV, Kara being Nourish, to, rpttfxa, fut. &pfyu
understood Nourished-with, crvvrpotyos, ov
None, ovSfls, ovSeuia, ovStv Nourisher- of -the- youths, Kovoarpo-
Nor, nySe <pos
Nor-any-one, ovre ovStls Nourishment, Tpoffi, TJS

Nor-any- other- thing - being - a -care, Now, vvv

OVT /Af\OV d\\0 Now-is-the-time, aKfjuafa
Nor-any-thing, fjL-rfre jj/rjSfv Number, apiBfj&s
Not, ov before a consonant ; OVK Numerous, To\iy, iro\\^i, 7roA.{<

before a soft vowel ; ov\ before Nuptials, vfj.fvaios

an aspirate, but OVK in Ionic Nymph, Nt'/u^a, TJS
Not-amongst-all, irpbs ov% airavras Nysian, Nvo-ios, o, ov
Not-and, ovre
Not-any, /^T(S, neut. (din
Not-any-one, /urjSeij, fj/riSefiia, /j.ri8fi> O
Not-any- the more -for that, ovSev
- -
O, co
/j.a\\ov Oak, Spvs, vbs, Tj

Not-any-thing:, MlSej/ Oath, opKos

Not-at-all, /uTjSsi' Obedience, VTTOKO^,
Not-at-all-does-it-behove-us, ovSfi>
Obey, to, ireido/jMi,
TrpOO"f]Kfl Object, to, avTireivta, eva
Not-at-any-time, furiirort Objects-of-envy, to be,
Not-bold, dro\fj.os, ov DMKtSfAtU
Not-caring, a/ueA.eW, ovcra, ov Obliterate, to, atyaviQu, er

Not-easy, a\eycivbs, y, bv Oblivion, \fj9ri, TJS

Not-either, /j.r)rf Obolus, ooA.o?

Not-even, ov5e Obscure, op(pvatos, a, ov
Not-even-one, ou5a,ubs, ?;, bv Obscurity, Kvttyas, rb
Not-ever, outifirore Observation, roj, os
Not -from -any- danger-having-come- Oi!?erve to, /coTa/xtw^cw'ct',
;

upon-liim, Savov PTTIOVTOS ovoevbs efiadov

Not-having-become, fj.rj yev6nevos Obstruct, to, ffjnroSifa

Not-ignorant, to be, OVK ayvotw Obtain, to, Kraofjiai, ricro/

Not-in-any-way, ovStv
Not-in-the-!east, ^Kiffra Obtain-by-lot, to,
Not-one, ^irjSely, ft.-rj5tij.ia, [vrfitv
Not-seen-before, aoparbs, bv Obtain-by-plunder, to,
Not-SO, TTcijUoAo (Ml
Not-then, OVKOVV Occasion, Kaipbs
Not-therefore 1 OVKOW ; Occur, to, irapiaTyj.t, a. 2. iropec'T.]
Not-to-be-borne, OVK avaax fT ^< ov Ocean, niceavbs
Not-to-be-upset, TO ^7; ff^a Odious, more, exC'.aiv, ov (i)
Not-to-!ail, IT/JOS ro Odium, airixOeta, as
 OD Oil

Odyssey, Q$vffo~eia, as On^some-occasions, e<rr\v 3ro *

OEdipus, OiSivovs, gen. iroSos and On-the-contrary, oO
irov, & On-the-ground, x a ^
CEnoe, OtvSri, t)s On-the-instant, irapa
Of-all-kinds, iravrotos, a, ov On-the-other-hand, avrap
Of-course, 5i) On-the-other-side, ertpcadf, -6ev
Of-greater-consequence, irtpl irAti- On-the-outside, ew6ev
ovos On-the-right, e/c 8eiuv
Of-his-ovrn-accord, fK<av re fivai On-the-spot, avriKa
Of-more-importance, fieifav, ov On-what-account, ftp' ortv
Of-old, iraAot Once, irore ; Ionic Kore
Of-such-a-kind, rotos, a, ov One, els, pia, fv ; gen. fvbs, /Mas, tvbs
Of-ten-years'-duration, SfKacrfys, ts One-another, d\\ri\ot, at, a
Of-the-same-family, fyuvomos, ov One-eyed, /j-oviaty, oinros

Of-the-same-name, &fuavvfju>s, ov One-of-the-two, ertpos, a, ov

Of-various-kinds, iravroTos, a, ov One-on-the-other, titdrepos, a, ov
Of-what-kind, iroios, a, ov One-who-thinks, oi6pevos
Of-what-sort, &iro?6s TIS One-without-a-hearth, aveffrios, ov
Of-which, OTOV One-without-law, a8t/Mo-ros, ov
Of-you, o-fOev One-without-ward, afyp4\-rwp, op
Of-your-answering, rb o~e
caroKpivcur- Oneself, of, eavrov, ys, ov
fei Only, fj.6vos, rj, ov

Offence, a/j.dpr^fj.a, aros Only (adv.), /j.6vov

Offend, to, ta/j.aprdvw
Offer, to, irpoatpfpu
Offer-up, to, epSca ; epSw
Offering, Staprjua, aros
Office, re'Aor, fos
Officer, efrry>jT7js, ov
Offspring, rtnos, tos;
Often, iroAAewcj, iroAA^tr
Oh, ol
Oh-me, oi/j.01 ryi
Oh-that, tiQt with optative
Oil-cruet, AVj/cuSos,
Ointment, pvpov
Old| yepcav, ovaa, ov
Old, to be, yrjpdco, daw
Old-age, yijpas, ao?, rb
Old-man, jfpcav, ovros
Old-woman, ypavs, abs,
Older, irpfffvrtpos, a, ov
Oligarchy, o\tyapx'ia, as
Olive, eAai'a, as
Olympian, O\6farios, a, ov
Olympus, 'O\vfj.Tros
Omit, to, AAe/7rw \Lw
On, tirl
On-account-of, tvtKa
On-account-of-what, Si6ri
On-foot, ftaSifav
On-high, inf/6o-e; fyov
Only-but-now, dpn
Onijmacritus, Ovo/j.dKpiros
Open, irpotpavfys, fs
Open, to, \vta, ffca ; oiyvvfju, oi<i>
Opine, to, 5o|df&>, ffia ; rjyeo/Mu
Opinion, yv&fjiri, W
o-irtpfia, aros Opponents, fvavriot
Opportune, most, firirrio'ttararos, TJ,
ov
Opportunity, icaipbs
Oppose, to, avri\ey'u, |o>
r)
Opposite, fvavrios, a, ov
Opposite-to, avrlov ; pi. avria,
Oppress, to, KOKOW, c5cro>
Oppressive, apya\os t a, ov
Opulent, 6\ios, a, ov
Or, ); ; poet, tjk
fi Or-not, col /u^
Oracle, \6yiov ; fMvrtiov
Oration, \6yos
Orb, KVK\OS
Orcus, "A^rjy, ov , AfSTjs, ov, d
Ordain, to, (iriK\<t>Ou, aw
Order, rdis, ftas, 77
Order, to, K(\fvu, o~u
; t'tvaca Order-to, to, irpoo-rdo-ffu, fa
Orestes, OpfVrr/s, ov, o
Ornament, dyoAyua, aros
O rentes, Op6vrris, ov, o
312 OR PA

Oropians, flpc^irioi, o! Palpitate, to, ira'AAoyuai, pf. 7reVoA/xu

Orphan, op(pavbs, )}, bv Pan, Tlav, dvbs, &
Orpheus, Opipfvs, tus, o Pandion, riaj'SiW, ovos, o
Other, oAAos, 17, o ; other (of the Pang, dxos, tos
two) erepos, a, ov Parcel-out, to, 5iau.oipa.ofMi

Other-sacred-purposes, d\\a TWV Pardon, <njyyvd>fj.r], TJS

lepiav Parent, yovtvs, etas, Ion. ijos, o ;

Oherwise, oAAj? roKfvs, o

inf. Self Paris, Tldpis, iSoy, los, o
Ought,
Ought-we, xptu" flP&s Park, iropaSeiffos
Ounce, ovyitia, as Parmenides, Tlapfj.fvi5rjs, ov, 6
Our, rifj,fTfpos, a, ov Parricide, -Karpotpovevs, eoij, Ionic
Our-future-circumstances, ra /*e'X- TJOS, o
\ovra Parsley, aiKivov
Our-ovvn, rintrepos, a, ov Part, pfpos, eos
Ourselves, rj/j.fis avrol Partake, to, /ierexoi, fut. nfdefa
Out-of, (K ; anb Partake-of, to, lujajtteTiVxw
Out-of-doors, &vpae Participate, to, perfxca, tut. ^e6e'|a)
Out-of-the-way, eiaroSaiv Particular, gen. TOV, dat. vtf
.Out-of-what, a<p' >v Particularly, fj.d\una
Outrageous, &iaios, a, ov Partner, crv^vyos, <5, rj
Outrageously, /3<oio>y Pass, to, trdpfi/u
Outrageousness, Spis, teas, rj Pass-death-against, to, KtnaKpivia
Outstripping, SifVfyic&v bdvarov
Over, rJ Pass-life, to, Piorfvca, era
Over-joy, rb irfpixapts Pass-out-of, to, eKSaiva
Over-old, virepyfipcas, uv Pass-over, to, irfpcuoo/tuu, ci>ffofj.ai

Overcome, to, tcparfu, Tjcrto Pass-through, to, SioirpTJertrco, |a>

Overflow, to, Tr\t]9v(a, va<a Passage, irdpoSos, f)
Overlook, to, irtpiopcua, dcrca Passing, a, SidSaffis, 105, etus, rj
Overpower, to, KaraKpartca, r,ffu Passion, &i>fd>s
Oversight, inrfpotyia, as Past, yryfvrintvos, TJ, ov
Overtake, to, KIXOVU Pasture, vo/ibs
Overthrow, an, /j.frao\i), rjs Pasture, to vefj.ojj.ai
Overthrow, to, itfpOca, ffca Pate, Kapa, aros, TO ; Kdpy, rb
Overturn, to, KaTaffTpf(po/j.ai, i|/o/icu Paternal, -n-arpifos, a, ov
Owe, to, o<pei\w, a. 2. <ixpf\ov Paternal-land, irarpls yaia, irarpiSos
Own-brother, Ka<riyvr]ros 7oios, 17

Ox, fiovs, gen. ySobj Path, 65bs, 7) ; ne\fvdos, r], plur.

Ke\evdoi, a ; arpairbs, 7;

Patches, riax^^. ov >
Page, SfpaTrtav, OVTOS, 6
Pain, \tnrr), rjs f (v}
Pain, to, a\yvvia, vvu>
Painful, \uirpbs, a, bv
Painting', fcoypo^ia, as
Palace, ,8aT/A.eio'
Palm, (f>oivi, IKOS,
Patiently, Koixptas
Patroclus, narpo/cAoy
Patron, irpoardr-i^s, on. 6
Pausanias, Tlavo-avias, ov, 6
Pause, to, KaTairavu}, ace
Pave, to, o-Tptavvv/4i, errpc^ffta
Pawn, to, evexvpdfa, o<a
Pay, fjiio-6bs
Pay, to, Tito, o~u
; avoKropov Pay-back, to, auei'ojuai, i^ouou
6 Pay-no-re2:ard-at-all-to, upav irot-

Palm (of the hand), ToXa^i?, TJJ fiffBf fj.rjOafj.ias

 PA PL 313

Pay -regard, to, tiri/ut'Ao/ucu Pest, \otybs

Peace, eipyvri, rjs Pestilence, Acu/ubs
Peace-maker, fipijvoiroibs Petition, to, StofMt
Pear, tiyxyVi 'J* Phaeacians, *atd/ces, tav, ol
|
Peculiar, i'8ios, o, ov Phalerian, ^aATjpei/s, ws, o
:
Pedestrian, ireQts, h, bv Phial, <pui\Ti, ijs
',

Pelasgians, T\f\ao~yol, wv, ol Philebus, *I'ATJOS

Peleus, nrjAeys, Att. eo>s, Ion. rjos, 6 Philemon, &i\-fi/j.wv, ovos, o
Pellene, IlfAA^vT/, ijs Philip, 4>i'AMnros
i

Peloponnesians, neAoirovj^cnot, tav, Philo, $i\<av, i/os, o

ol Philocrates, *iAo/cpaTrjs, ace. i\v, o
j
Penalty, frufa, as Philosopher, <pi\6<ro(t>os
I
Penelope, nTjvtAi^ireia, as, ^ Philosophize, to, <pi\offo(pfca, T\<TW

i
Penetrate, to, Aeiicrcrw Philosophy, <t>t\offo<pia,, as
Penetration, /u^Tis, os, ^ Phocaea, 4>a)/caia, as
Peneus, FlTji/eibs Phocasans, #&>:eue'es, t<av, ol

Pensive, aKftav, OVTOS Phocian, 4>o)/ci/ccij, fy, bv

Pentheus, UevOevs, eus, o Phocians, 4>coKes, f<av, ol
People. \dbs, Attic Aeis ; S^/tos Phocion, QWK'UOV, uvos, 6
Perceive, to, SepKu, <w ; voeu, Phoebus, *o?gos /

Phoenician, fern., Qoiviffaa, r,s

Perfect, reA^ets, tffaa, tv Phoenicians, ^ofct/ces, <av, ol
Perfect, to, re\tta, ecrco Phronime, ^povifi-ij, TJS
Perfonr., to, irote'w, ^crw Phrygians, #pvyes, <av, ol
Perhaps, iffus Phrynichus, Qpvvixos
Periander, Tlepiavo'pos Phrynis, *pi/cts, tos
Pericles, IlepwcAijs, e'ous, 6 Pieces-of-meat, Kptara, contr. xpta,
Peripolium, riep^TrdAioj/. Some how-
ever consider this not as a proper Pierce, to, rirptaffitw, fut. Tpu
name, but as meaning the space Pieria, fllfpia, as
about a city Pile-of-earth, x*M a i
aros
Perish, to, fp'pu Pillage, to, Smpirdfw, ffca
Perish-utterly, to, Si6\\vfM.i, a. 2.
m. Pillage-from, to, fKirepdca, a.

irpaOov
Permit, to, fdca, dcrio (d) Pillar, K.l<av, ovos, i}

Perpetrate, to, Spew, acru (d) Pilot, Kv(pvfirr]s, ov, o

Perpetual, avvc^s, is Pindar, riiVSapos
Perpetually, awex<s aid Pious, most, fvfffSfffraros, TJ,

Perplexity, airopia, as Pipe, avA&s

Persevere, to, Sta/j.tvca, eva> Piraseus, Tlfipatfvs, tws, ws, 6
Persevere-in, to, e'^o/ia' Pirene, netp^ij, rjs
Persian, nep<n/cos, ^, 6v Pisistratus, neicrhrrpaTos
Persians, the, ru'ptrcu, wv, ol Pit, &dpa6pov J
Persist, to, Siaylvopai, pf. pass. So- Piteous, \f^fj.a>v, ov '^
7e7eV7)/iai Pitiless, f-/)Af7;s, 6
Person, irw/xa, OTOS Pittacus, n/TTOKos
Person-who-knows, the, 6 nrjo-TO/ue- Pittheus, niTfleiis, t'eos, 6
vos
Pity, O?KTOS
Persons -'of-like - age -with - himself, <5- Pity, to, oiKTffpa, fpu
ff{]\tKts, <av, ol Place, roiros
Persuade, to, irtiOw, au Place, to, ridrim, fut. ^cr , a. 1.
Persuasive, iriQa.vbs, ^, bf
Gr.Ex.
314 PL PR
Place-down, to, ri0i)/j.t, friiffw, a. 2. Portent, relpos, tos
46riv Portheus, HopOevs, eus, 6
Place-mind-on, to, e<piefi.ai Possess, to, tx eo f ut - *&
Place-of-assembly, 070^0, 3s Possessed-of, e/crrj/ueVos
Place-on, to, eirm'0-jjjui, a. 2. eiriBriv Possession, KTTJCTIS, tias, rj
Placed, to be, KaBl<m\iu t pf. nade- Possessions, Kreara, uv ;
lav

Placed-round, he has, Trepiecmjcre Possible, it is, ofoV re eo~rl

Plague, \oifibs, ov Post, TOJS, etas, tos, ij

Plain, ireoov ; ireoiov ; Sdveoov Posterior, Sorepos, a, ov
Plaintiff, ttarfr/opos Posterity, otylyovoi, <av, ol

Plan, fiTixavT), TJS Postpone, to, inrepriOefjuu

Plan, to, i^.rjxO'VdofjMi, 'ho~o/j.ai ; Posture, <=8pa, as
vd.ofj.ai Potency, Swaareia, as
Plan-of-living, StaiT^uara, uv Potent, dvvarbs, fy, bv
Plataea, Tl\araia\, Stv Pound, to, KaT{Mrc6x t
Plataeans, nAaraiees, fcav, ot Pour, to, X*'") f vff<a
Plato, nAoVctw, cows, 6 Pour-against, to, /CCTOXW,
Play, a, SpSyua, CTOS Pour-out, to, eicxvvw (v)
Play, to, Trai^co, |co, (To> Pour-tears, to, oaKpvxeta
Play-on-the-pipe, to, crDpffw, 7|w Pour-upon, to,
Plea, irpotyaffis, ews, tos, ^ Poverty, irevia, as
Pleasant, <|)^Aos, r;, ov Power, apx^l, ^s
Pleasantly, more, 'ifiiov Powerful, Kaprepbs
Please, to, avSotva) ; apfffKU Powerful, more, Kpeirrwr, ov
Pleased, cwr/uei/os, ij, ov ; Powerful, most, Kpdriffros, 7), OP
vos 1'owerfulness, aQivos, eos
Pleasure, ^8oj^, T;S Powerless-against, aKpar^s, ts
Pleistarchus, Practise, to, ao-Ktoa, i\ffu
Plethrum, ir\4Qpov Praise, eiraivos
Plot, to, vewTfpifa, ffu Praise, to, etraiveia, iffu
Pluck, to, Spe-jrco, tyco Prdte, to, \a\eca, i;ffo>

Plunder, Aei'a, as Pray, to, \io~o-onai

Plunder, to, ffKvXevoi, <rw Pray-for, to, evxo^ai, o/j.ai

Plunge-in-the-water, to, SVO/JLCU Pray-over, to, eirevxoncu, |o/xcu

Poem, iroiTj.ua, aros Pray-to, to, euxo/xoi, |O/M ; -irpotrei-
Poetry, iro'n\tns, etas, rj

Point-of-the-spear, aix/^1, fa Prayer, evypa, aros

Point-out, to, crrifj.aivta, avia
Pomt-out-the-way, to,
Poison, <pa.p,u.a.Kov
Political, iroAm/cbs, ?/,
Polity, iroAfreia, as
Polus, IlaJAos
Polyclitus, IloAwcAeiTos
Polycrates, Ilo\vKpdrris, 6
Polynices, noAiu'ef/cTjs, eos, 6
Pomp, iroyujr);, ijs
POOF, TT6J/7JS, -TITOS
Popular-party, Sfj/uos
Porch, ffro^, 5s
Porsenna, nopmVar, ov, 6
Precede, to, (pBdvoo
Prefect-of-the-village, /ca^cfpxTjs, ov.
Prefer, to, aiptofiai, a. 2. el\6fir]i'
bv Preparation, irapaffKfvt}, fjs
Prepare, to, apreofj.ai, r,ffojjLai
Prerogative, y^pas, aros, rb
Present, a, Siapov'
Present, (adj.) vndpx<av, ovffa, ov
Present, to, Siape o/xat, ^cro^iai
Present, to be, irdpeifju
Preservation, o-tarTjpia, as
Preserve, to, <rcoa>, a<a
President, irpvravis, ecos
President-of-the-senate, irpuravts, eo
 PR PU 315

Press, to, wpoffgidfa, trco Proof, e

Press-violently, to, fficfjirrta, $u Propensity, eiriOvfj.'ia, at
Pressed-down, ffrairrbs, Jj,
bv Proper, KaQ^Koiv, TJKOV
Prettily, KO\WS Proper-time, li>pa, as
Prevail, to, vlKata, TJCTW Properly, euirpeirtwy
Prevent, to, KwXvw, o~w Property, )8ios
Preventive, a, KiaXvpa, OTOS Prophecy, xfn ff ^
Prey, e\cap, rb Prophesy, to, irpoBeffirifa, <ru
Prey, to, \rito/j.cu, <rojuat Propitious, 'l\aos, ov
Priam, ripia/uos Proportion, \6yos
Pride-oneself, to, (ppovtca, ?}trw Propose, to, Ti3i)/j.i
Priest, itpevs, Ion. iptvs, eo>s, TJOS, 6 Propriety, /uo?pa, as
Primitive, apxaTos, a, ov Prosecute, to, SuaKw, |a>
Prince, aVa|, O.KTOS, f> Prosper, to, evrt/xeai, rjcrco

Prisoner, atxf^dXtaros ; Seayx^TTjs, ov, 6 Prosper-abundantly, to,

Private, oiKtlos, a, ov irpdffffca, ia

Private, a, iS^r-ris, ov, 6 Prosperity, evSatfj.ov'ia, as ; juocri/v-,?,

Private-citizen, iStoJTTjy, ov, o T)S

Privilege, yepas, aros, rb Prosperous, tvrvg^*, es

Prize, 7/pas, O.TOS, rb Protagoras, rfpo)Ta7Jpar, ov, 6
Probable, 65n'5oos, ov Protect, to, ffreyca,
J'robably, iacas Protection, firiKovpr]fj.a, a-ros
Proceed, to, iropfvo/j.cu, ffo/Mii Protest, to, (pdffKw
Proceed-from, to, tKSaivu, a. 2. e|e- Proteus, npwTiv, teas, d
GT)V Proud, fj.tya.vup, op, gen. opos (a)
Proclaimed, I, irpoeiirov Prove, to, airo5eiKvv/j.i, fut. a7ro5eico
Proconnesus, IIpo/e<W7j<ros, i} Proverb, irapoi/jiia, cs
Procrastinate, to, p.e\\'ji Provide, to, irpovofOjj.a,i, 7j<ro^iai
Procrastinator, afj.6o\ifpybs avty Provide-for, to, irpovofu, yo-u
Procure, to, iropi&fMii, (rofj.ai Provided, (conj.)av
Prodigy, repay, O.TOS, aos,rb Provided-not, eav fj.% ; fy ^
Produce, to, TI'KTCO, fut.Tta>, a. 2. Provisions, alro., tav

Prowess, a\K^, rjs

Production, yovos
Profess, to, viriffx
Profession, T6X"i?, ~ns
Profit, rb frXeiov
Profit, to, ova<i3, /fO'ia
Proiitiible, xpwrbs,
Profound, aiirvs, (M, v
Progress, to, x^p^co, ijtrw
Prohibit, to, KI\VIO, <rco
Prolong, to, ii.t\Kvv<a, vvta
Prometheus, Upo/j.T)6fvs, tos, 6
Promise, to, inriaxve'opai, a. 2.
Promontory, a/cpa, as
Prompt, (vrpfirijs, es
Promptly, orpaAeaij
Pronounce-aguinst,
Prudence, fftHpfafftini, rjs
i, a. 2. forecr- Prudent, ffwtypcav, ov
Prudent, to be, ffoxppoviw, fata
Psammtnitus, Vttqifciros
Public, iruvo'rjfj.os, ov ; Srjjj.6o'ios, a, ov
Publish, to, Kripvff<T<a, |co
bv
);,
Puff-Up, to, oyic6ci!, wffca
Pull-back, to, avTtffirdco, do~a
Pump-out, to, vir(avT\t(a, ijffta
Pamp-out-agaimt, to, KwajfrXlv,
7f<rw
Punish, to, rl/jLup^w, ^\a<a
uireer- Punishment, rlfuapia, as
Pupil, iraiSev/j.a, a-ros
Pupil (of the eye), Koprj, ?;s
Purchase, to, wceo/uai, ijVoyuat
Pure, a/cpTjros, ov
to, Purify, to, Ka.Qa.ipta, apta
'

fut. Karayvuffw
Purple-garment, iropipvpls, itios, ;

p 2
316 PU RE

Purpose, tiros, eos Raiment, eiuoTo, <ov, T

Pursue, to, Sieijcw, |o> Rains, it, vet

Pursuit, 5io>|s, eo>s, 77 Raise, to, 6p<a, fut 6pffta

Put, to, rldijfu, Qriffca, fQrjv. Ionic Raise-against, to, amafipofiai
Ti0e'o> to, avop66<o, ibcrco
Raise-up,
Put-an-end-to, to, Siatrpdffffu, |w Raise-yourself, to, eyei'pojucu, a. 1.

Put-by, to, nfOl-ntu, a. 1. fifO^xa;

poet. fj.f6er)Ka Raised-dust,
Put-for-a-bait, to, 5eAe(<Ta>, <rco Raised-round, he has-,
Put-forward, to, irpoSiSrifju, a. 2. Rank, ytvos, eos
irpot>Sr]v Ransack, to, Aairac, |w
Put-in-disorder, to, rapdffffw, |o> Ransom, atroivov
Put-off, to, avad\\OfiM Rape, opiroyj), ^s
Put-on, to, SVO/JMI, ffojjMi ; evriBefuu, Rapid, 6pinos, ov
a. 2. eveBefuriv ; p8tioju.cu, tro/xot Rapidity, oTrouS^j
Put-round, to, afj.<f>iifa, fffca Rapidly, raxe'ws
Put-to-death, to, ickfyvw Rapidly-bearing, Kpaurvo<f>6pos, ov
Put-under, to, {nroTi(hifj.i, a. 2. inrt- Rash, frpacrvs, e?o,
Rashly,
Put-up-with, to, , e|ojuou Rashness,
Puts-me-out-of, e/orA^ Rather,
Pylades, nvAaSijy, ow, Rational, (fj.(f>puv, ov
Pylagorse, ni/Acrydpcu, Rattle, to, Pp(/j.<a
Pylos, n^Aoy, ri Ravage, to, apTrdfa, at
Pyrrha, nvp"pa, as Rave, to, juai'o/uat
Ravish, to, aipfta, a. 2. d\ov
Ray, aKrlv, "ivos, % avyi], ijs;

Q Raze, to, avatpta, ijcrta

Read, to, avaylvcaffKca, fut. avayvdxrta
Qualified, tKavbs, }), bv Ready, erotics, a, ov ;
Quantity, ir\.rj6os, fos Reality, epyov
Queen, Seo-iroiva, ijs Really, r;

Question, fpitmjffis, ecus, Reap, to, fafjuia>, ijffta

Question, to, tpofj.a.1 Rear, viaros
Quick, diKvs, ?a, it Reason, Ao^yos
Quickly, w/co ; ra^fcoj Reason, to, ota\fyo/jiai
Quickness, rdxos, eos Reasonable, ei/i>s, via, bs
Quiet, e/crjAos, ov Reasonably, eucorus
Quietness, -rjffvxia, as Reasoning, Siav6r)ffis, ecas, T\ ; 5<o
Quit, to, TTpoXtiirto flfjM, OTOS

Quiver, <f>aperpa, as Rebuke, to, ovetoifo, <ru

Quoit, Recede, to, Ka6v<f>iffi.ai
Receive, to, Se'xo/wu, ^o/xat
Receive-from, to, a7ro8e'xo/ueu
R Receive-into, to, furSixofuu, O/JMI

Receive-up, to, wro8e'xo/uoj

Rabble, dxAos Recess, /ui/xos
Race, yevos, eos Recitation, aKp6dffis, eois, ij
Raft, o-xeSi'a, as Reckon, to, \oyio[iai, <rofuu

Rage, opyfy, fjs Recognize, to, yvta/ju, a. 2. 4yvuv

Rage, to, 0Af/j.falvta Recoil, to, ffvyx<0ptb>, "fjfftt

Kail-at, to, dwvdfa, Recompence, SI'KIJ, TJJ

 RE RE 317
to, ap.flofiai, Remarkable, einVrjjuos, ov
Recompense,
Reconcile, StoAAaenrw, |a>
to, Remedy, O.KOS, eos -
Reconciliation, ffv/j.cuns, tos, f] Remember, to, fj.vdofj.cu,
Record, itvt\p&a\ivov Remembrance, /xm'a, as
Record, to, fj.vrj/j.ovfvca, ffu Remind, to, avafj-voua, ^<r
Red-haired, irvpp6rpixos, ov Remission, d<pe<ris, eoos, r)

Redeem, to, irpla/Jicu Remit to, iHftiiifu, fut. iKp^ffca

Reduce, to, TropiVro/xoi, fut. irapa- Remotest, iru/xaros
(rrfiffofiai Remove, to, fifraxlvfu, fiffco

Reduce-to-ashes, to, <f>t|/o\oco, <ixrca Remove, to, (neut.) fj.edio-rafj.ai]

Reduce-to-slavery, to, avpairo8i Rending, ax'o'/ubs

crca Renown, K\eos, e'eos, eons, ri
Re-establishment, KaroiKicris, ecny, TJ Renowned, evia^fuos, ov
Reflect, to, (ppovtca, 4\a< Repast, S6pTrov
Refuge, Karaipvy)], ijs Repay, to, avrafj.ei8ofj.at, $ojj.ai
Refuse, to, avalvofiat Repeal, to, co6a(peci>, /jerw
Refuse-obedience-to, to, airidew, r)<r<a Repel, to, fipyu, |w
Refute, to, ff\eyx<*, >
Repent, to, fj.era/j.e\o/jiai
Regard, to, riyeofj.au, 7)o-o/j.at Repentance, fj,erdfjLf\os
Regret, voOos Reply, to, airoKpivofMLi, Ivoviiai
Regret, to be a, /uero^eAe/, i^crej Report, <(>ritJ.7i, TJS
Regret-the-loss-of, to, irodew Report, to, ayyf\\(o, e\u
Regulate, to, onj/ct Report-from, to, aTrayye\\ea, eA.cS
Reiirn, to, f3a<n\evw, o~<a ; rvpavvevw, Reprehend, to, e\eyx&, !<"
(Tea
Reproach, 6vei5os, eos
Reign-over, to, avdffona, |<w Reproach, to, irpoirri\aKifa, <ru>
Rein, x a v ^^ Reproach-utterly, to, tgopc(Si'a>, ffu

Reinforcement, eiriKovpia, as Reproof, tf 6yos

Reinstate, to, opd6u, <i><r<a
; avup96w, Reprove, to, eirirlfj.d<a, i\o<a
<affia
Reputation, 8d|a, ijs
Reject, to, airoirf/jnrofj.ai Repute, KvSos, eos
Rejoice, to, 7T)0ew, fiffu Request, to, XP??Cw ffw i

Rejoice-at, to, firix.aipio Require, to, Scojuai, Se-firrofiat

Rejoiced, to be, (v<ppaivo(t,ai Require - him - to - give-an-answer, to,
Rekindle, to, cireyfipw, tpia irpoKa\fio Oai avrbv
Relate-, to, fwOiofuu, T)<TOIMI Requires, it, 8el
Related, vird.px<ai>, ovffa, ov Rescue, to, aira\\do~(r<a, |co
Relation, ayyt\ia, as Rescue-from, to, eepv<a, aw
Relations, otKftot Resembling, eoj/ccVs, via, bs
Relatives, irrjol, tav Resentment, /u^vi/xa, aros
Release, to, Kvta, <r<a Resist, to, avrfx u > a - 2. avrtff'xpv
Relieve, to, \(a<pdu, i\a<a and fix ov
Remain, to, /ueVo;, ei/u), a. 1. f/j.tiva Resolute, i&a^oAt'os, a, ov
Remain-for, to, irpofffj.(vta, tvw Resolve, a, ^^ur/xa, aros
lic(n:iin-in, to, e/x/ueVco, pf. ffj.fj.ff.Lf- Resolve, to, ifa(piofj.ai, crujuat
Vt]KO. Resound, to, K\dw, yfa
Remain-over, to, irepfei/ui Resources, xp^)M aTa uv T^ >

Remainder, \fiir6fj.fvov, ov, rb (/uepos Respect, to, rlfj.da>, -fio-w

understood) Respecting, (prep.) ire pi
Re murk, \6yos Resplendent, ay\abs, bv
Remark, to, fm>, a. 2. tatov, a. 1. Respond, to, XP M ^\ ff<a
I

Response, fj.dvTfVfj.a, arns

flira.

p 3
318 RE RU
vr
Responsible, Right, 5|iuj, a, by
Rest, the, ol Aonroi, ret Aotira Right-hand, 6eio, as-
Rest, to, Ka.0ri(*.ai Rightful, tvStKOS, Of
Rest-quiet, to, ycrvxdfa, <r< Rightly, op0aij
.Resting-place, avdiravKa, TJS Ring, 8a.KTv\u>v
Restore, to, airoSi5<ap.t, fut. airo8(o<rw, Ripe, ajpo?os, o, of
a. 2. a7r5wi> Ripen, to, yripdo-Kai
Restrain, to, aTre^co, fut. o<^|w Rise, to, TfAAco, fut. T(\U
Rests-witli, it, Tre'Aei f v Rise-up, to, aviarafMt
Resuscitate, to, avlffrrj/j.1, avarriffw Rise-up-against, to, cwiffrrj/ju, a. 2.
Retire, to, et/co>, |a>

Retire-frorn, to, OTTCWIO-TTJ^J, a. 2. Rising, a, avaroX^j, avro\^, rjs

Rising-up, ai-dcrcuns, fias, ioj, ?';

Retire-upon, to, firavax^pft^, 4\ Risk, to, ava.p'pnrTfw, i\ffa>

Retreat, to, avaxvpfu, i]cru> Rites, (vrlfia, tav, TO
Retreat-from, to, airoxvpw Rivalry, /jAos
"

Retreat-privily, to, inrox^peto, River, iroTa/ji.bs

Retribution, St/n/, v)s Road, OI/JLOS, d, ij

Return, v6ffros Roam, to, oAao/uou, V/iro/uz;

Return, to, votrTfta, ^<ro> Roaring, jSpu^tos, a, ov
Return-an-answer, to, avreirca, a. 2. Roast, to, oirrdu), -fjatta
carrearov Rob, to, J3ido/j.ai, dffofuu ;
OT
Return-back, to, /j.6\w, a. 2. t Xajta

Return-from, to, mrovoffriui, riff Robber, K\uify, wirbs, &

Reveal, to, ttiitvitfu, fut. Sei|o> Robe, ireir\os
Revel, to, Kw^ctfco, <ru> Robustness, pu>fj.t], rjs
Revelling, KW/J.OS Rock, vfrpa, as ; trerpos, ov
Revenge, to, riw, au Rocky, irrrpcuos, a, ov .

Revenge-with, to, av^arpi]ffao(jM, i, |o- Rod, pdoos, ft

(UU Roll, to, f\l<rff<a, |ci>

Revere, to, fffSca Roll-away, to, aXixricu, ^w

Reverence, to, aiSeo/MU, fffo/juu Romans, 'Piapcuoi, ol
Review, to, ffKoirfia Roof, ffTfyrj, rjs
Revile, to, AoiSope'w, i\a<a Roof, to, fp4$<a, tyeo

Revolt, aTT6ffrai7is, as, TJ Ro6t, pia, i]s

Revolve, to, <t>poveti>, fjo'ca Rope, o~xotvlov
Reward, nicrObs Rosy, poS6eis, fcrffa, tv
Rhadamanthys, 'Pa5a,ucw0t/s, vos Rot-off, to, mroff-fiirta, tyu
Rhea, 'Pea, as Rotund, <rrpoyyv\os, ij, ov
Rhetoric, ptiropiic}), ^s Rough, Tpd^iiy, e?a, v
Rhetorical, p-rjropixbs, ^, by Round, /cvAoTp^y, es
Rhetorician, p'fircap, opos, 6 Round, (prep.) an<pl
Rich, v\ovffios, a, ov Rouse, to, tyflpu, tpS>
Rich, to be, ir\ovrfu, -fjarv Rout, rpoir^, TJS
Riches, xp^MaT ut> , Tck Rout, to, rptiru, jf/w
Rid, to, fpy/jdca, taffu Roving, a, aKiyreia, as ;
Dor.
Riddle, alviy/j.a, aros refo, as
Ride, to, t\a,vvu, fut. eXdffu Row, irpaffta, as
Rider, imrevs, tots, 6 Row, to, \afo<a
Ridicule, to, KepTOyue'ai, i]ffia Roxana, 'Pca^dvri, -r\s

Ridiculous, yf\o1os Royal, j8cwiA<ios, o, ov ;

Ion.
Right, (subst.) S//CTJ, TJS Rudder,
 RU SC 319

Rufus, 'Pov<pos Safety, aff<pd\fia, as ; ffcarripia, as

Ruin, <XTTJ, TJS (d) Said-he, TJ 5' t>s
Ruin, to, 6\\vfj.t, fut. oAe'<ro>, a. 2. Sail, TrAooy, ovs ; gen. dov, ov
o>\ov Sail, to, irXsco, fut. if \eiiff<a

fut. 5io- Sail-down, KarairAew, tvcrca

Ruin-utterly, to, Si6\\vfu, to,
\fffU Sail-froni, to, fKir\eca, eviru
Rule, TVyeju.oi'ia, as Sail-into, to, etnrAew, evff<a
Rule, to, dpx<, & Sail-out, to, e/CTrAJw, <aaca
Rule-over, to, /SacriAeuw, <r<a
Sail-through, to, Sie/cTrAdw, (!>qo>
Ruler, dpxw, ovros, 6 Sail-without, to, fKifKoia, fu
Ruminate, to, <ppdo/Mt. Sailing, a, ir\6os, ovs ; 6ov, ov, 6
Rumor, \6yos Sailing -round- the -enemy, a, irepi-
Run, a, 8p<$/uos ir\oos, ovs ; dov, ov, 6
- - the -
Run, to, rpex<*, fut. dptu, a. 2. Sailing through enemy, a,5is/<-
ir\oos, ovs ; 6ov, ov, 6
Run-a-risk, to, KivEvvevu Sailor, vavdrris, ov ; vavTrjs, ov ;

Run-away, to, a7ro8i5pcrc( Tr\<aT7ip, ijpos, 6

Run-before, to, irpo(?ee<rK(a Saitian, SCUTI/COS, ?V, &v
Run-by, to, iraparpex^, a. 2. Trape- Sake, x^P ls t ' TOS ^ ,

Spa/tov Salamis, SoAa^ils, Ivos, 1)

Run-forth-to-help, to, j8o?70e'w Salt, a\s, gen. a\6s, b

Run-from, to, vireic-rptxa, a. 2. u;re- Salutation, irp6o~(pQf'yiJ.a, aros
ftpUfHHf Salute, to, ao-irdofjuii, ffofiai
Run-into-danger, to, KIV^VVCVW, o~u Salute -in -return, to, avTarnrv.ofj.p.i,
Run-through, to, Siarpex^, u- 2. Ste- aou.o.1

Same, avros, ij, d

Run-upon, to, t;pw, fut. Kvpffca Samian, 2a/wos, a, ov
Rush, to, opwjjM Samos, 'Sid/j.os, r)
Rush-forward, to, aicffta, |o> Sand, fydpados, rj
Rush-impetuously, to, 6pfj.do/.i.ai, i\- Sanguinary, aifMrdeis, fffcra, fv
crofj.ai Sardis, 2^p5e(s, ui>, wv ;
Ionic 2a'p-
Rush-on, to, (pop/Mia, i\ff(a Sis, iuv, at

Rush-through, to, Sidffffw, dfo Satisfied, to be, x oP T *r/-tai

Rush-up, to, avdffffu, u Satisfy, to, apKtta, eaca
Rush-ye, ffovaOe Satrap, carpdirris, ov, 6
Saturn, Kp6vos
Save, (prep.) TrAV
Save, to, o-<aw, <rco
<r<a
Save-entirely, to, Statruifo,
Sacred, itpbs, 4, bv; Ipbs, d, bv; Save-from, to, eKffwfa, <rw
07105, a, ot> Savor-of, to, 6<a
Sacred-place, Ifpbv Saw-asunder, to, irpita, aw
Sacrifice, frvcria, as Saw-off, to, fKirpica, au
Sacrifice, to, &veu, <r<a
Say, to, Ae'yw, eo
; tTrw, n. 2. itirw
Sacrifice-for, to, irpoBvu, ffta a. 2. Tirof
Say-against, to, /car^Trw,
Sacrilege, lfpoffv\la, as Say-among, to, fffTrio, poet, (vvinw
Sad, \vypbs, d, &v Say-of, to, \4ye>, ta

Sad, to be, Svtrfypov&u, TJCTW Say-out, to, e^eirw, a. 1. f^fttra'

Sadness, irfvdos, eos Say-over, to, eiriheyca, |w
Safe, apTfufo, fs ;
ffws Saying, ^CQ, TJS
Safe-guard, afj-v Scamandrius, 'SKa/j.dvSpios
Safely, oxvp Scarcely, p6\is
p 4
 320 SC SE

Scarcity, ffirdvis, fats, r; Senate, &ov\-fi, fjs

Scarcity-of-provisions, cvroSe/a, as Senate-house, fSovtevrfyiov

Scatter, to, o-fcopvlfa, o~u Send, to, W^/XTCC, tya>

Sceptre, OToprrpoi' Send - a - herald, to, firuci]pvKfvoft,ai,

Science, juoflrj/xo, O.TOS fVffOfUU
Scipio, 2/cJinW, tavos, i>
Send-away, to, airoirefj-irai, \^ia ;
airo-
Scorn, \(a-/i, TJS
Sculk, to, /u.ifj.vdfa Send - away - from, to, airoo-re\\u,
Scull, Kpaviov
Scylla, 2/cvAAo, rjs Send-away-privately, to, i

Scythian, ^KvOiicos, )), bv

Scythian, a, ~S,KvQ^s, ov, it ; pi. 2 Send-back, to,
Gai, wv, Ion. tcav poet. /j.e6fT)Ka
Sea, &a\affffa, TJS S-aAorra, TJ Send-from, to, etcrtfj., \

Send-off, to, avoirs HIM,

iroo }L(i)
.Sea-fight,
y Seal, to, fftbpayifa, crto Send-out, to, axplijfju, fut.
Search, to, epewdat, 4)ffa> Send-to, to, eirjoreAAo), eAw
Search-out, to, e40Topeo>, rjcrw Send-with, to, o~vfj.irefj.tru, tyta
Season, Kcupos Sense, (pptvfs, <av, al
Seat, e'Spa, as ; i&a/coj (a) Sensible, more, ffwerwrtpos, a, ov
Second, Sevrepos, a, ov Sentence, \)rfj<pos, i]

Secure, aa(f>a\)js, ts ; comp. iffre- Separate, to, xwpifra, ffca

pos, a, ov Sepulchre, rdtyos

Securely, aff<f>a\ws Serious, to be, KaTaoirov$dofiai, ao-
Security, a<r<pd\fia, as fuu
Sedition, crra<ns, los, teas, ij Serpent, 6<pts, fois, o
See, to, /3A.67rai, tyta Servant, frfpdirwv, ovros, &
See-clearly, to, Sta\evu, ^/o> Servants, Sfpaireta, as
See-in, to, fvopata, dcru Serve, to, \arpevu, o~a
See-into, to, ewei'Sco, a. 2. tiffibov Serve-in-the-army, to, o-rparfvofuu,
See-to, to, irpoffeiSdi, a. 2. Trp6ffi$ov ffOfJMl

Seed, <nrep,ua, aros Service, SovAeia, ay

Seek, to, friTta, TJO-OI Serviceable, firir^Sftos, a, ov
Seek-for, to, St^Vj^ai Servile, Sov\tos, a, ov
Seem, to, SOKIU, SOKIJCTU and 8<4&> Servitude, Xarpeia, as
Seem - like, to, e'tK<a, {w, pf.
mid. Sesostris, 2eV<o<7rpjs, tos, o
OlTCa, fOiKO. Set (as the sun), to, KardSvfjit, a. 2.
Seer, xpTi(T/jj)\6yos KareSvv
Seize, to, apndfa, via Set-fire-to, to, irori9a>, tru
Seize-down-upon, to, KaTa\afj.6di>u>, Set-hand-to, to, firixetptoi, yffu
a. 2. Karf\aSov Set-his-mind-on, to, <ir(oAAo/xu
Seize-on, to, alpeoc, -fiffta, a. 2. efAov Setting, Svo-is, eoiy, ij
Seize-upon, to, ciri\afj.dvca Settle, to, KaToAwe, trot
Seizure, opiroy?), rjs Seven, tirra
Self, OUTOS, r), <) Seven - and - twenty- times - as - much-
Self-conceit, Kara(pp6vijffts, fus, y as, eirraKaieiKoo-air\dffios, a, ov
Sell, to, irtaXfui, ffffta Seven-hundred, (irraic6ffioi, at, a
Sell-off, to, airoSfSo/tat, a. 2. Seventh, eSSo/uos, rj, ov
Selves, avrol Seventy, tSofj,JKovra
Semele, 2e/u^A7;, i;s Sever, to, Siovpifa, <rti
Semiramis, 'Sf/j.ipau.ts, fj Severe, fiapvs, tia, v
 SH SI 321

Shade, to, KO\VKTU>, ifw Show-the-way, to, frx<

vShade-over, to, KaraarrfQu Shower, vo<ap, O.TOS, TO
Shades, vtprfpoi, ol Shower-of-snow, vi<peros
Shadow, to, cricidfa, am Shrill-voiced, \iyv(p0oyyos, ov
vShady, cruifpos, a, ov Shrine, Operas, eos, rd
Shake, to, tre'tia, <r&> Shudder, to, fffSo/juu

Shame, oto'^wif, (o) r)s Shudder-at, to, rapSeia

Shamefnl, aurxp&s, d, bv ; superl.
ai- Shut-in, to, fyK\dco, trca
ax iffros i TJ, ov Shut-in-together, to, <rvvei\f(i>, rfffca

Share, to, fJ.frex<a, Shut-out, to, airoK\ei(o, ffea

Sharp, ovs, fta, 11
Shut-up-together, to, ffvyK\T)i<a, aw,
a. 1. owe/cA^i'tra
Sharp -mouthed,
Sharpen, to, frfiyw, o> Shutting, a, a.ir6K\funs, fios, 77

Sharply, fvi^a<j>f\ws Sicily, Si/ceAi'o, or

Shave-their-head, to, Kflpovrai Sicinnius, "SiKivvios
She, f}8e, gen. Trj<r5e Sickness, v6ffos, i)

She-who-reigned, dpcura i\ Sicyonians, HMVUVWI, ol

She-who-was-queen, i) yevo/u.ejrj /3a- Siege, iro\iopKia, as, Ionic eireSpij, TJS
<rl\eta. Sight, a, &ea./j.a., aros
She-would-not-be-glad, ov Kev Kexa-- Sign, ffmneiov ; <rfjfj.a, aros
poiro Signify, to, fffHJMivta, av
Shear-off, to, cnroKfipw, epu Silent, aitfwv, masc. and fern.
Shed, to, X 6 " w ff <. Silent, to be, trlyda, ijffta

Shed-tears, to, Saicpvp'potca, fao) Silently, ffiya.

Sheep, TrpoSarov Silly, (p\avpos, a, ov
Sheltered, av^vf/j.os, ov Silver, apyvpiov ; dpyvpos
Sheltering, a, cr/ceTrocryuo, O.TOS Silver, (adj.) apyvpeos, a,ov
Shepherd, iroifj.-i)v, 4vos, 6 Similar, oftoios, a, ov
Shield, acrirls, idos, fi ; cra'/cox, tos Simmias, 'Si/j./j.ias, ov, 6
vShine, to, Aa/uira>, tyta Simple, a,TT\6os, 6r], uov ; ovs, TJ, ovv
Shine-out, to, tyw
eK\a.fj.tr<a, Simplicity, cupe\tia, as
Ship, va.vs, gen. vdbs, Att. cscfas, Ion. Sin, apaprla, as
vyos, TJ Sin, to, a/j.apT(ivca, fut. a,uaprr}<ra>, a.
Ship-building, (adj.) vainrrrfiKos, ov 2. ^fiaprov

Shipwreck, vavdytov (d) Sin-thoroughly, to, fa/j.aprdv(a

Shoes, viroS-n/jiara,, tav, TO Since, eirtl
Shoot, to, Totvca, aw Since-indeed, eweiS^
Shooting, e^etrir, teas, i) Sinful, oAiTT/pioy, a, ov
Shore, &lv, ivos, 6, ^ Sing, to, aeiSca, (Tta ; d_5(a, a<a
Short, t*\iyos, rj, ov
'
Sing-of, to, 980), fut. data, with an
Short-cloak, x^ av l $ iOV accus.
Short-hand-writer, raxvypd<pos Singer, ao&bs
Short-of, to be, Stew, Tja-u Singing, (subst.) aotS-!?, f/s
Shoulder, aJ/uoj Single, ios, a, ov
Shout, to, /ceAaSe'a) Sink, to, KaraSva}, <ru
Shout-out, to, (cAa^iu, 7|ai Sinner, afj.a.pTtti\bs
Shouting, a, Kpavyij, rjs Sinope, ^.iviSnr-n, TJS
Shove, to, fKo.ff6.aKd> Sister, a5f\<pij, rjs ; vvat(t.os }

Show, deoipi'o, as Sit, to, e^ofj.at

Show, to, $7i\6w, &ffco Sit-at, to, irp6ffri/j.ai
Show-clearly, to, onrab&imyu, i'{w Sit-down, to,
Show-down, to, /caTaSW/cwjui, ef|w Sit-upon, to, pri[tai

p5
322 SI SO

Sir, l| So-far-as, r6<rov offov

Six-hundred, tajc6<rtoi, CM, a So-great, toaovros, BVTJJ, ovro or
Sixteen, e/cKaiSe/ca ovrov Toff6a$f, T)5t, 6vot
;

Sixth, &CTOS, TJ, ov So-greatly, ovrtas ; roffov

Sixtieth, f^riKoo~rbs, fy, bv So-little, TOffoOroy, roffaurri, TOOOVTOV
Sixty, ef^Koira So-long, Tf'ws
Size, (J.tye6os, eos ;
Ionic fityaBos, So-many, r6tros, TJ, ov
05 So-much, TOffovrov ; roffoincp
Skilful, TtxviKbs, $, bv So-much-as, ou TO tr\eov
Skilfully, irvKLvSis So-slight, TOO-OVTOS, TJ, ov
Skill, ejLureipi'a, as
Skilled, iSpis, ecas So - that - it - was - astonishing, (is K-
Skilled-in, eTnerr/^uwv, w *\r]iv
Skin, xpvs > obs, 6 So -that -she -shall -not -kill, -rb p?j

Skip, to, ffKiprdw, r)o-<a KTeiVCU

Skulk, to, /.uuvcifa So - that - they - rendered -them-incapa-
Slacken, to, owwj/tw, fut. atf^ffca ble, &o~Tf fKeivovs airta'TfpriKfva.i
Slaughter, ff(pay^i, Tjy Sober, to be, vijtfxa, ty<o

Slarve, fifths, ubs, 6 ;

Sov\os ; afSpd- Socrates, 2coKp<T7jy, ovs, ace. to, r\v,
iroSov voc. es, 6
Slavery, SovAefo, 'as Soft, atraXbs, )), bv
Slay, to, a<f>d.tt!, |, tafya.xa., tff<f>a- Sogdiani, 'Saytiuii'ol, ol

yov Sojourn, to, irj5rj>tea), t)rw

Slay-utterly, to, ffi>aplu, w Sojourner, broncos
Sleep, vmos Solace, irapa/jivBiov (v)
Sleep, to, Ka9fvSco ; eS8w Soldier, o^rparua-nis, ov, &
Sleepless, dvirvos, ov Solemn, fffpvbs, $, bv
Slender, A.rrbs, TJ, by Solon, '26\o>v, lavos, 6
Slices-of-salted-fish, Te^x 7 ?! UP, TO Solve, to, Siivca, a. 2. Sifiirov
Slight, Ppaxvs, fta, v Some, ns, TI, gen. nvos
Slow, Koocbs, fy, bv Some-how, irus ; Ion. KWS
Slower, fipajtTffuv , ov Some-one, rts, TI, gen. nvos
Slowly, jSpoSe'oos Some-particular-person, Stlva, gen.
Slumber, to, KaGevSu Sfiva, ofivaros, S(?vos
Small, o\iyos, r), ov ; fUKpbs, d, ov Some-time-ago, ex iroAAoD i. e. XP-
Small-buckler, irfArr;, ijs vov
Smell, a, oa-fj.^, rjs Sometimes, to-riv ort

Smell, to, o^co, impf. w{ov, Uor.^wa- Somewhere, irov

tiov, i. e. >$o-ov, fut. oi'](ria Somewhither, TOI
Smerdis, 2yj.fp8is, toy, o Son, tceus, tratobs vibs ; rtitvov
;

Smile, to, fieitidu, -fi<rta Son-of-^Eacus, AuuciS^s, ou

Smite, to, Sdvca, tva Son-of-Melanippus, MeAovnnriSTjs, ov
Smoke, Kairvbs Son-of-Saturn, KpoviSris, ov Kpo- ;

Smoke, to, Kairvoonau viuv (i)

Smooth, \fvpbs, a, bv Son-of-Tydeus, TuSefSrjs, ow
Snare, S6\os Song, aojSJJ, rjs
Snatch, to, 6|apjrofiv, ffu Soon, T<{X<*

Snatch-away, to, Sooner-than, vpb

Snow, x&v, 6vos, rj Soothe, to, &f\yw, {
SO, d'J, &S Sootlisayer, H&TIS, feas, o
So-as, &ffTf Sooty, ai6a\6fis, otffffa and oiWa.
So-far, 6s Totrovot
 SO ST 323
6
Sophist, (To^KTrvjs, ov, Spirit, i&uytibj
'2o<f>oK\TJs, etas, 6 Spit, to, airoTTTvu, vffw
Sophocles,
Sorrow, a^yriouv, dVos, ff Spite, /n/j'tjua, aros
Sorrow-enduring, ra\aiwa>pos, ov Spleen, crir\r)v, rjviy, &
Sorrowful, icevQiKuis ex.<oy Splendid, <j>afivbs, rj, bv
Sorry, \virpbs, a, bv Splendidly, TrAoucnwy
Sort, fftos, eos Splendor, Qtyyos, eos
Soul, t^X^i T?S Split, to, Siatpew, a, 2.
Sound, fto);, ijs Spoil, to, airofyaiia, ffw
Sound, to, KTvxfu, iiffta Spoils, evapa, aiv, TO.
Sounding-under-the-tread -of - horses, Sponge, ffiroyyos
lirirSKporos, ov Spontaneous, auT^aroy, ov
South, fj.eo-7ifJ.Spia, as Spouse, v{/fj.(pri, rjs
South-wind, v&ros Spread, to, x e/ft> > a - ! *X fva
Sovereign, SecrvniTrjs, ov, o Spring, a, Kfi\vi], t\s
Sovereignty, Tvpavvls, iSos, ri Spring, the, eap, pos ; ijp, pos, rb
Sow, us, gen. vbs Spring, to, yivo/Mt, a. 2. (ytv6u.-riv
Sowing, a, <rrr6pos Spring-from, to, fKyivofj.ai, a. 2. |e-
Space between - the armies,
- -
/uerat'x-
(J.IOV Spring-in, to, e/pi5, vcru, e/y.Tr

Spare, to, <pei5ofj,at, trojucu Spring-up, to, <t>v(a, a<a

Sparta, 2ira/>rrj, TJS Sprinkle, to, Trda-crw, da-<

Speak, to, Ae'-yw, w Sprung, yeyuts, km. uo-a,

Speak-against, to, Karepe'tv Spun-threads, v^a-ra, wv, ri
Speak-among, to, fj.er avSdia, -f)(rv Spurious, GKOTIOS, a, ov
Speak-badly-of, to, Kaico\ojf(a, j]ffo> Spy, Ka.TdffKotros
Speak-first, to, irpoayopevu, a<a Stable-horse, ararbs i'mroy
Speak-forth, to, Trpoayopevia, <ro> Stadium, ff-raSiov ;
ffrdSios

Speak-ill-of, to, KO,KUS \4yca Stag, eAaipos

Speak-in-answer, to, avrufxavtw, 4\a<a Stake, crraMpbs
Speak-of, to, \tyta, |o>, with ace. Stall, <rra6tibs
Speak-out, to, avSaw, i\a<a Stammer, to, $f\\io/Mi
Speak-to, to, ovSaco, ^<rw Stand, to, pf. eWa/ca,
'Iffrrjui,

Speak-truth, to, a\T)0fva>, trw fffT-qv, fut.mid. crT7jcro,uai, pf. ;

]jot t.

Speak-well-of, to, fv\oyto>, TJCTW part. Itrrediy, WTOS

Speaker-of-good-tidings, evtfni/jios, ov Stand-against, to, imo/^fvia, tvu, Ionic
Speaking the same
- - - -
language with,
o/jt,6y\<i><rffos t ov Stand-away, to, a. 2. oTre'trrTjf

Spear, 7X oy > eos > 6 7X 6 ^ a as Stand-oft", to, a(J)ecrT7j|Ui

Spear-bearer, $opv<f>6pos Stand-over-against, to, av6iffT^ij.t, a.

Speciously, /caAois 2. WTf'ffTTJJ'

Spectacle, Sea, as Stand-round, to, o^Io-TT/.ut, a. '2.

Spectator, dedr^s, oO
Speculate-on, to, (r/ceVrojuai, ^outu Stand-round-about, to,
Speech, \6yos 2. irepifo-Tr)v

Speed, o~irov$)i, fjs Stand-up, to, <urUrrf]/JU, a. 2.

Speed, to, fireiyofMi TT)V

Speediest, rdxiffTos, i\, ov Stand-up-ubove, to, u

Speedily, /copTroA^ws Star, do-rpov

Spend, to, avatcn/j.6ti>, taau State, TroAiTc^o, as
Spend-one's-youth-among-, to, 7a0- State-of-living, fiios
Statement, p^ara, uv, ri
p 6
 ST SU

Statuary, avSpiavroiroita, as Strong, to be, iffxvw, wru

Statue, dya\pa, arcs Struggle, d(8\os
Struggle, to, afO\fta ; aed\vo>
eva> iro-
Stay, to, fj-tvia, ;

Staying, a, fwvr), TJS \aiu, ffw

Steady, eoios, a, ov Study, to, fKfj.f\erd<a, T\<JU
Steal, to, K\fiTTia, \l/ca Stuffing, iriXos
Steel, xa\w|f, vos, 6 Te077iru>j, via, is
Stupid,
Steer, to, KvSfpvdw, TJ<T Subdue, to, Sajj.au>, data
Stern, irpvfj.va, TJS Subdued-by, ^ffauv, ov
Still, (adv.) er ;
vvv Subject, (adj.) MIKOOS, ov
Still, to be, <ruaird<a, 4\ff<a Subject, to, /coTo<rTpe</)o/uot, t|/o/za<
Stimulate, to, o|ww, ww ; irapo^vvca Subjugate, to, x ft P^>> " ffu>
Sting, Kfvrpov Subjugation, (coTo3ou\aris, ws, r)

Stir-up, to, eyelpu, fpu Sublime, anrvs, e?a, v

Stolen, K\oiraios, a, ov Submit, tO, VTTOKOlKi}, OVO~U
Stone, \iOos ; \aas, daos, & Subsequently, ?ro
Stone, (adj.) \i8ivos, 77, ov Substance, ovaia., as
Stone, to, \iddfa, ff<a Subtract, to, airooipeo/u
Stone-downright, to, Ka.ra.-Ktrp6o>, Succeed, to, vpdtTo-u eu
WffU Succeed-to, to, SioSt'xoAiot
Stone-to-death, to, KaraXevw, o-co
Successes, ra Karuipduntva
Stool, dprivvs, vos, 6 Succession, SidSox^, ijs
Stop, to, eiriffx.fai Successory, StdSoxos, ov
Storm, SueAAo, TJS Succour, ap<ay)i, rjs
Storm-at, to, fiplfioofMi, taaofuu Succour, to, /3oTje'<, riffw
Stormy, 8uorx'M 6 P OJ > " Such, TOIOVTOS, roiavrij, roiovro or
Stout-hearted, ra\ajcdp5ios, ov TOIOVTOV ; rot6ffSf, dSf and Tiot,
v 6vSf
Straight, evBvs, ia,
Strange, a\\60poos, ov Such-a-pass, roiovro
Stranger, |eVos Such-as, olos, a, ov
Strangury, arpafyovpia., ay Such-as-this, TTjAwcoDroj, Kavrri, KOV-
Stratagem, &ov\fv/JM, O.TOS TOV
Stream, piidpov ; ptfdpov ; poa, as Sudden, attpviStos, a, ov
Street, 071140, as Suddenly, otya
Strength, fiia, as ; /ueVos, eos Sue, to, SubKofjM, o(j.ai

Strenuous, SoDpts, t5os (fern.) Suffer, to, iratrxw, fut. vaQ^cru, fut.

Stretch-against, to, avrirflvu, tvS> mid. irfio-0/j.ai, a. 2. eiraBov, pf.

Stretch-at-length, to, rdvia, evu, rt- mid. TTfirovOa, irficoaOa.
Taica Suffer-long, to, fjMKpoBvfifta, TJO-O>
Stretch-forth, to, eKrtivca, fvia Suffer-me-to-cast-out, dtpts tKd\(a
Stretch-forward, to, opiyvdo/jiai Suffering, ird6os, tos irdfrrifia, aros ,

Stretch-out, to, ravvw, vffu irfvOos, eos

Strife, epis, Sos, ws, ^ Sufficient, dpicios, ov
Strike, to, rvrrria, i|/o) Sufficiently, airoxptovrtas
Strike-with, to, |u/ua\AtB, aAw Suggested, SJOOKTOS, TJ, b
Strip, to, fiovvou), taffta Suggestion, vov6(-ri]^.a, OTOS
Strip-of, to, ffrtptta, j]ffta and eVw Suit, StKri, TIS
Strip-off, to, e/fSuw Suit, to, apfiorru, offta
Strive, to, epifoi, era Suitable, most, W^AIUWTOTOS,
Stroke, irAT^y);, fjs ov
Strombichides, STpo/u^i^iST/y, ov, 6 Suitably, fiKortes
Strong, iaxvpbs, a, ov Suitor, funfffrrip, rjpos, o
 SU TA 325

Sullen, <n;nj\bs, rt,

bv Sweeter, y\vici<i>v, ov
to, o~v\\afj.dv(i>, a. 2. ffvve-
Sum-up, Sweetly, fi$e<as
\aov Swell-of-the-sea, K\v5cav
Summarily, o~v\\-fi3r)v Swift, bobs, efc, bv ; TO^US, e?a, i

Summer, &e'pos, eos Swiftly, rdxa

Summing-up-all-together, o~vvf\oiv Swiftness-of-foot, iroSco/ceta, as
Summit, ffTtfydvri, TJS Swine, Ses, >v, ol, al
Sun, ?}A.tos Sword, i<pos, eos
Sundry, iroKvTpoitos, ov Syracusans, ~2vpo.Kovo~ioi, ol
Sunless, avfaws, ov Syracuse, 2upa/couroj, uv, at
Superfluity, ra irfpi-na Syria, 'Svpla, as
Superfluous, irepn-rbs, i], bv Syrians, 2upot, oj
Superintend, to, eirwrrarecw, T^erw System-of-arming, OTT\IO-IS, ews, rj

Superior, KaOvTrfprepos, ov
Superior-to, Kpfiffffiav, ov
Superior-to, to be, wepUifu
-
Superior to
- our - enemies, a/j-eivovs
T>V TTo\ffJ,iiav Table, rpdirefa, TJS

Supervise, to, eiruritoireu Tablet, o&ros, rj

Supine, pa.6vfj.os, ov Tail, ovpa, as

Suppliant, IKSTTIS, ov Take, to, Aa/uSdcco, fut. ,
a. 2
Supplicate, to, IKVO/MII \aov
Supplication, A.tr^, fjs Take-a-blessing, x "/76

Supply, to, iropifa, ffta Take-a-part, to, Koivuvtu, TJCTW

Support, rpotp^i, fjs Take-a-station, to, av\'io/jLai,
Support, to, &6ffK(o Take-alive, to, faypeu, ^<rw
Supporter, Trpoffrdrris, ov Take-an-oath, to, 6pKo>/j.orfM, fata
Suppose, to, 5oeo>, i\ff<a Take-aside, to, irapaipeca, iffta
Suppress, to, o-'tydco, -fiffw Take-away, to, a^odpta, fut. airapSi
Supreme, virepraros, i], ov Take-away-from, to, airavpdw, data
Sure, o~a(f>^s, *s Take-care, to, (ppovrifa, a<a
Surely, Si) Take - courage - with - regard - to, to,
Surfeit, tr\jjo-/j.ov^, rjs
Surpass, to, inrfpd\\ii>, perf. virep- Take-from, to, cupaiptw, a. 2. cuf>fi\ov
Take-hold-of, to, Xa/j.dvca, fut \ij-
Surpass -in -beauty, to, ^o//cu, pf. fi\r)<pa, a. 2. e\aSov
/uat, ffotj.a.i Take-ill, to, SinrxepaiVco, avia
Surprising, Sfav^uffios, a, ov Take-in-hand, to, tyxfiptw, -fiata

Survey, cr/ce'i|/(S, as, % Take-notice, to, Karavoeca, rftrco

Survey, to, i&eaipeco, fjffca Take - notice - of, to, K
Survive, to, \e'nrofj.ai, ^/ofjMt

Suspect, to, olpMi Take-off, to, avaipkca, Tjtro>

Suspend, to, /cpe/xaw 'J'ake-place, to, o-v/j.aiv<a, fut ITVU.ST]-

Suspicious, vicoirros, ov a-ofjMi, a. 2. ffvvt]v

Suspicious-of, to be, fnrovofw, i\a<a Take-the-votes-of, to, tiri^Qifa, aia

Sustain, to, fiaffrdfa, ffu Take-their-rise, they, dpxomcu
Swallow, a, xao-jUTj/io, OTOS Take-up, to, ava\a/j.dvca
Sway, to, avdo-o-ca, |co Take-vengeance-on, to, T(U>, iru
Swear, to, 6/j.vv/j.i, fut. o/uo'croi ; ofiv Taken-captive, to be, a. 2. a\wvat,
Swear-by, to, 6/ji.vvfiU fut. a.\u>o~fo'6ai.
They were taken-
Sweat, to, ('Spoico captive, V\\tixra.v

Sweet, y\vKepbs, a, ov Taken-in-the-act, to be, a

 326 TA TH
Taking, a, fiXoxm, ewt, ij Teucer, Ttvxpos
Talent, TOA.CUTOX Thales, 0o\fjy, ov, 6
Talk, to, \fj<a, Thamyris, @d/j.vpis, 8oy, 6
Talk-freely, tO\ va^pitcrid^ofiai, iro/uat Than, r,
to, ToD Stoxroj
*" ,'Jidk-nonsense, <p\idp{w, TJcrai Than-is-fitting,
Talk-of, to, (pita Than - the - man -who - lives - from-the-
Tallest, aKp6raTos earnings-of-the-day, rov p' T}^PTJX
Talthybius, Ta\6vios
Talus, Td\os Thanks, x<fy" y > JTOy 4
Tamarisk, pvpiici), TJS (I) Thasians, otrioi
Tame, to, So/xvtfa, fut. 8a/u.a<ro>, a. 2. That, (Ktivos, it, o; /cttcoj ; avrbt,
f5a/Mt> j^i
Tanagra, Tavdypa, as That, (i.
order that,) ws
e. in

Tapestry, tdirris, TJTOS,

& That, (conj.) wr, Srt. As, I know
Tarentines, Topou/To/oi, 01 that it was so
Tarquin, To/xcJvjos That-at-least, fry*, tyye, r6yt
Tarry, to, Siarpi<a, tyu That-I-am, yeyiiis
Taste, to, ytvofjuu, <ro/uu That-I-shall-not-go-unthanked, OVK
Taught, 5e8a7j/xe^oy, TJ, ov
Taunt, to, ffKilnrru, (J/a That- 1 should-chance-to-have -been-
-

Tax, (JxJpos sent-for, /xe K\rjfleWo ruxe^

Teach, to, SitidffKii), |w
Teacher, SiSdcrKa\os, 6, y
Tear, tidttpvov ; Sdxpv, vos, rb
Teem, to, Ppi&ofMi
Tegeetans, Teyefjrcu,
Telemachus, Tri\t^Mx os
Tell, to, ippdfa, ffd>
Tellus,T^AAoj
Temper, cfwcns, los, ewj, ^
Temperate, tirifucTjs, s
Tempest, xtifuav, wvos, &
Temple, vaos, Ion. i^jdy
Temple (of the head),
That-has-brought-forth-her-young,To-
KQS, aSoj
That-it-is-right, Sdv
That-it-would-not-be, OVK ov tivai
>v, ol That-not, ws ^
That - the -Troj an - territory- belonged ,
(itrfbv TTJJ lAmSos x^P aJ
That-there-were, TO 7e7e^(reo
-
That-they-would-not-have-been able,
OVK av SvtnrjdfiTfS
-
That-we-should-escape-the notice-of,
rb \f\rj0fvai f)/j.as
ic6ppT), its That-you-may-hear, SAs K\VTIS

Temple-of-Juno, 'Hpcuov That-you-should-iyilMie, rb &<u>tt ^

Temporary, irp6ffK(upos, ov The, 6, it, rb ; gen. TOW, TTJS, TOW
Ten, SfKa. The-one, 6 erf pas or Urtpos (d)
Ten-thousand, fj.vpiot, at,
o (u) Theatre, Sbtdrpov
Ten-thousaud, a, pvpias, o5os, it Theban, &TICUOS, a, ov
Ten-tliousaridth, /j.vpioffTos, r), ox Thebans, Ka5/*eu), uv ; BTJ^OMJI, o
Tend, to, (rrfix<>>, |a> Thebes, &hn, v
Tendency, eirifto/u'a, ai Thee, ace. of Thou
Tenedos, TeveSoy, rj Theft, icAoTTj, ijs
<r<pbs, ^, bx ; o^erepos, a,
Tent, ffKitv^i, ijs Their, x
Tenth, S^Karos, ij, ox Their-country, ^ avrtav, i. e. >^
Terminate (a war), to, 5MroAe/ Them, (ace.) ovrovs, atyias, <r<pas,
Termination, reAeur};, r/s Tovrovf ; gen. tripuv, &c. ; dat.
Terrihle, Stjvbs, )), Jx fflptffl, ff<pl, &C.
Terrify, to, tK<poSf<a, fjffu Themis, 0c'/iis, IOTOJ, 8os, ?'/

Territory, x&pa., as Themistocles, 0ejutoTro/cA.7jy, toy, ouy,

Terror, St'os, fos 4
-X
Testify, to, airofj.afrrvpouai, i/povu.eu Themselves, avrol ami ovroi, ol. d ;
 TH TH 327
toirroJ, ol, a; atyfis avrul ; d&t. Third, Tpiros, rj, ov
cr<t>uri, ff<pi, &c. Third-generation, rpiyovia, as
Then, r6re Thirst, to, Sitydca, fjcrw

Thence, fvQev Thirst-after, to, Sttydw, -fiffu

Theodoras, e6$upos Thirty, rptdKovra

Theramenes, rjpa./j.fvns, ovs, 6 This, OVTOS, avrri, TOVTO, gen. TOUTOU,
There, ravry ; tvravda ; av6i ; ffBa ; ravrris, TOVTOV ; 8Se, JjSe, r6Sf ;
avrov avrbs, i], b ; Att. 651 ()
There-are-some-who, evtoi, tu, a Thither, tvravBa,
There-is-a-participation-with, ntpos Thoroughly-taken, Ka
/J.erfffTU'

There-is-no-participation-w ith , /w^Sey Those. Plural of That

fJ-fpOS fJ.Tfffrt Those-in-power, ol Swd/jifvoi

There-might-be, dv rp> Those - of - the - Grecians - who - were-

Therefore, ovv, placed after a word ; taken-captive, ol oA<Wes 'EAA^vav
Ionic a>v Those-persons, ace. <r^>eos
Thermopylae, @fp/*.6irv\ai, S>v, al Those-that-fell-to-the-lot-of, rd ytvo-
These. Plural of This. fura
These-things-having-been-determined- Those - who - are -
intelligent, ol <ppo-

on, $6av raura vovvrfs tv

Theseus, &rjcrfvs, f<as, 6 Those-who-consulted - tlie -
oracles, ol
Thessalians, eo-croAol, ol fj.a,VTfv6fjLfvot

Thetis, Qeris, t$os, r) Those-who-dwell-in, ol vtp6/j.tt>oi

They, tKflvoi, <av ; a<pfis, Siv ;
enrol ; Those-who-smell, ol off/j.rjffdfatvoi
Those- w ho- were-born, ol ytv6^voi
They (dual), ff<put, afye Those-who-wish, oj fiov\6(j.evoi
They-advised-them-not, OVK tu Thou, ffv, gen. troC
They-have-come, rj\0ov Though, Trep
-
They- laid themselves-down, e
Thought, SJ|a, jjy
aaarro Thoughtfulness, (ppovrls, i8os, -rj

They-should-revolt, a Thoughtlessness, aSov\ia, as ; Ionic,

They-two, ff<pu>e, o-</> i), W
They-were-banished, 4< Thousand, X'^'' a '.
Thousandtli, xl\to<Trbs, fy, by
They-were-prompt, fj.t(ujurw Thrace, piy/crj, TJS
They-will-get-into-confusion,Tapd|oi'- Thrasybulus, Qpcurvov\os
TCU Thrasymachus, pao-vpaxos
Thief, <pwp, pbs Thread, \lvov
Thigh, firiyowls, ffias, fj ; nrjpbs Threat, o.vfi\^, ijs
Thin, \nrrbs, r;, bv Threaten, to, oirtiAew, r/ffu

Thing, Trpo-y/ua, aros ; XPW*. aros Threaten-against, to, eirairei\t(i>, ri<ru

Things-go-well- with-me, <x KoAws Three, rptls, rpia, gen. rptwv

'1'hings-which-have-happened, the, rd Three-thousand, rpi(rxl\ioi, at, a
ffvpSama Three-times-as-much-as, rpnr\dtrios,
Things-which-remnin, the, rd \oiircl a, ov
TO tirl Toirroiy Thriasian, Spidffios, a, ov
Think, vopiu, au>
to, Thrice, rpls
Think-fit, to, a;co, uffu Thrice-wretched, rptffdd\ios, a, ov
Think-likely, to, tiicdfa, <ru Thriving, $\aar$i, ijs
Think-of, to, votca, ^<ru Throne, dpoVos
Think-onesel^ibove, to, (inf.) tnrtp' Through, Sid
Throughout,
328 TH TR
Throw, to, jSdAAw, fut /3oA, To-such-a-pitch,
Throw-down, to, plirru, \}/<a To-that-place, ecere
Throw-in, to, t/ufioAAw, a\u To-the-end-that, Iva
Throw-into-confusion, to, To-the-fore-part, es rb irp6ff6tr, es rb
fjffta irpiffta
Throw-like-a-quoit, to, Suncfixa, trtt To-the-ground, x/*aC6
Throw-out, to, p'nrrw, fya> To-the-light, <p6a>ff$
Throw-round, to, To-their-home, cir' O'IKOV
Throwing, a, /BoA^j, ijs To-their-husbands, rots avruv avo'pdo'i
1'hrust, to, To-this-purport, roffavra
Together, afia
Thump, to, apdffffia, |a> Together with, &/JM
Thunder, Ppnirr), ijs Toil, irovos ; n6x8os
Thunderbolt, Ktpawbs Toil, to, fMx9to>, ^iffta

Thus, &s, &>, ovru, oSrws, ai/rws Toil-through, to, ftoyfoi, 4\ao>
Thus-much, TOO-OVTOV ;
roffdSf Token, aLP aXT '^f< yp s >
-)(.

Thy, ffbs, T), bv Tolerate, to, r\ijfju, tr\i]v

Tie, to, 6e'a>, 5^<ra> Tomb, Td<pos
Tie-fast, to, frvOptfa, <ru To-morrow, avpiov
Tigris, Tiypris, TITOS,
6 Tongue, y\uo-<ra, its
Timanor, Tindvwp, opos, & (d) Too, dydv
Timarchus, Tifj.apxos Too-much, \iav, dyav
Timber-for-ship-building, va\nrtrrn- Too-ready, Iroj/^Jrepos, a, ov
fflfir] v\T) Too-simple, a/tafaVrepos, a, ov
Time, XP& VOS Too-violently, inrep dyay
Time-of-thought, evtyptivri, i\s Took-their-station, Ttv\iaavro
Time-when-the-forum-was-full, v\i\- Top, KdpT\vov
Torch, \anirrfip, ijpos, o
5fi\atos, a, ov Torment, to, Saiu, crto
Timidf^^^9lBI^;
Tire, to, K$$K>,' a,. 2. eKapuv Tormentor, ffaffavurr-fls, ov, o

Tissaphernes, TuratuptpvTis, tos, ovs , Toss, to, pnrreu, Ion.

ace. to., T\V,
6 Toss-about, to, ffa\fva>, tv<ru>

To, es ;
fis ; Trpbs with ace. Touch, to, eiri/ioo/wu, o-ofuu

To-any-one, Ttf Touch-slightly, to, tyavw, a

To-Athens, A8i)vae Tour, irfpivaros
To-be-assisted, Towards, es ; eis ; irpbs with ace.
To-be-cultivated, Tower, irvpyos
To-be-desired, firiOv^rjrfov Town, CUTTV, eos, rb
To-be-drunk, acwortov Tragedian, rpaytpSbs
To-be-fled, QfVKTtoi* Tragedy, rpayytiia, as
To-be-lived, &i<Ttdv Trained, rpiSuv (I)
To-be-pursued, Siocucrtov Traitor, irpoSorris, ov, 6
To-be-sure, o^^A.et Transaction, epyov
To-be-undertaken, eitixtipTrr i J'
Transgress, to, irapaSaivu
To-be-worsted, rj-rrrrrtov Transgression-of-the-laws,
To-day, a"f)fj.fpov, riifi-epov

To-day-at-least, rb fj.ev r-fj/jifpov Transport, to, fvtyx<a

To-little-purpose, Trap, tvfSpa, as
To-Megara, M7apo5e Travel, a, vopeia, as
To-no-purpose, aAAois Travel, to, wopevojtoj, ffouai
To-Pytho, TlvduSf Travel-away, to, airoGaivw, a. 2. ore-
To-say-so, tiros fiirtiv
 TR UN 329
Tread-down, to, Karairartw, ficrw Tutor, ir

Treat-with-contumely, to, irpoticreXeco, Twelve,

flffia Twenty, fiKoa-i, siitoffiv before a vowel ;

Treaty, ffirovtiJi, ijs undeclined

Treble, rpiir\oos, 6r\, oov, and ovs, rj, Twice-as-much-as, $iir\6os, ovs ; 6ri,
ovv fj ; 6ov, ovv
Tree, SevSpov ; SeVSpos, eos Twig, 8pirij|, riKos, 6
Tremble, to, Tpe/j.<a, e/j.<o Two, Svo or Siiu
Trembling, (subst.) rp6fws Two-hundred, 8taK6fftoi, cu, a ;
Ion.
Tremor, Tp<S/uos
Tresses, Kopai, $>v, at Two-thousand, Surx'iA-ioi, at, a
Trial, Si'/crj, TJS Twofold, Stir\6os, ovs ; 6r], rj ; 6ov, ovv
Triballus, TpteoAAos Typhon, Tucpcav, uvos, 6
Tribe, eOvos, eos ; <pv\-?i, TJS Tyrannize, to, rvpavvfw, -fiau
Tribulation, dxos, eos Tyrant, rvpavvos
Tribune, irpoo-rdrris, ov, 6 Tyre, Tvpos, rj
Tribute, reAos, eos Tyrrhenian, (fern.) Tvpff-rjvls, iSos, r)

Tripod, rpiirovs, oSos, b Tyrrhenians, Tvpcrrivol, ol

Trireme, rpifipris, eos, r)

Trist, dd\ios, a, ov
Trcezenian, Tpoitfjvtos, a, ov U
Trojan, (adj.) Tpou'Kos, r), bv
Trojan, a, Tpcas, <abs, 6 Ugly, dt*.op<pos, ov
Troops-in-battle-array, irapdra^is, ews, Ultimately, vffrtpov
^ Ulysses, Oovfffffvs, tws, Ion. f,os ;

Trophy, rp6rrcuov ;
Att. rpoiraiov OSvo-fvs, 6
Trouble, trAvos Unable, to be, aSvvarfu, fio'ta

Trouble, to, rapdffffca, |co Unable-to-stand, SVCTTTJ^O-SJ ov

Troublesome, \virripbs, &, bv Unanimity, dfj.6voia, as x*v
Troublesome, to be, ej/oxA^w, i\av> Unbend, to, av(r)p.i

Troy, Tpoia, as Unbribed, dSupos, ov

Truce, fftrovSr), ijs Under, fab
-
True, a\ri0Tjs, is ; a\T]9ivbs, T), bv Under-the-expectation- that-we shall
Truly, STJTO after a word overcome, o>s irepifffofj.tvovs ^/ue'as
Trumpet, crd\viy, yyos, TJ Undergo, to, v<pto-ra/j.at
Trust, to, irfiOofj,ai, ffofj.at Underneath, fvtpQe
Truth, a\riOfia., as Understand, to, aicrOdvo/jM, a. 2. j?<r-
Try, to, 5oKt/j.dfa, ffu 66/j.Tjv

Tumbler, KV\I, i/cos, ft Understanding, <pp"nv, evbs, i)

Tune, jiieAos, tos Undertake-with, to, v\\andv<a t fut.

Tunic, x {T '<"/ iovos, 6

, {vAA^ojuew, a. 2. we\aov
Turn, ptpos, eos Undertaking, e7x ''P'?' m ,
&>y > ^
Turn, to, TpeVa), if/w, a. 2. erpairov ; Undone, to be, 6\\vpai, pf.
mid.
arrpf<p(j), \\/<a, a. 2. tffrpatyov 6\<e\a ; cwro'AAii/uai

Turn-away-from, to, airoTp(Tro/j.ai Unespoused, dvv/jupos, ov

Turn-from, to, furpeira, tyta
Turn-myself, to,
erpOTro'/njj'
Turn-of-mind, rpoiros
Turner's-wheel, r6pvos
Unexpected, rfeAirros, ov
rpe-irofMi, a. 2. m. Unexpectedly, a^ATrrois
Unfeeling, avaiffdyros, ov
Unfortunate, SVO-ITOT/J.OS, ov
Unfortunate, to be, Swrvxtw, fiffta

Turning-off, a, airorpoTt^, ijs Unfrequented, dSaros, ov

Tusculanians, TvaKvKavol, ol Unfriendly, oW/uevTJs, fs
330 UN VA

Ungentle, a Up, a^ck

Unhappiness, arvxia, as Up-above, dv<a

Unhappy, SvtrSaifuav, ov ; dd\ios, a, ov Up-and-down, dvca KOI KRTU
Unhappy-event, irdOos, eos U p-to, MXP'
Unhappy-in, to be, ej/Si/UTuxew, -fata Upbraid, to, ofjLOK\ijffdffKta
Unharmed, vyiris, Upon, eiri

Unholy, wdcnos, ov ; superl. WTOTOS, Upset, to, fieraffrp^oi, tyw

7], OV
Unhonored, oriyitos,
Unhurt, dvdros, ov
Uninhabited, d@poros,
is however disputed
Unite-with, to,vpo<ry'ivoncu,
eyevo/Mtv
Universal, Kara iruvra
Unjust, dSiKos, ov
Unjustly, aS'iKus
Urbanus, Ovpgdvbs
ov Urge, to, cjrd&ffw, fa
Urge-beside, to, irapaKf\ti;op.ai
ov. This word Urge-on, to, eirunrtpx<>>, fa
Urgent, to be, iro\\ds tyKtt/j,ai
a. 2. irpocr- Us, rj/Mis ; of us, riiuav ; to us, T)/xTj>
Us, (dual), vwi, vy
Use, xP*'la ; XP ei *>>j %
Use, to, xp* ;"4". "nfo/jLat, pf. nlxpTi-
/uoi ;tliey use, Ionic, xp*
u vral '

Unkindly-disposed, Svffvoos, ovs ; oov, Useful, o-v/j.<pipwv, ovffa, ov most ;

ow useful, iatpe\tfutiTaTos, TJ, ov

Unlawful, aQen'to-rios, ov Useless, a\ios, a, ov
Unlearned, o,uo0i)j, es ; superl. etjwt- Usual, vofu6/j.tvos, 17, ov
0eOTTOS, t\, OV Usual-abode, rjdos, eos
Unless, fi yui) Utility, <a<$> eAeia, as
Unless-it-be, ori n't\ Utter, to, \eyca, fa
Unlooked-for, airpoo-Soicrfros, t\, ov Utter-a-voice, to, Qwv&a, r)o-u

Unlucky, ev5ei)s, e? Utterance, <p<avTWia, aros

Unmeaning, mvbs, >), ov Utterly-dead, being, Karadavwv, ovca,
Unnecessarily, M^ avdyKri ov
Unpleasant, oTfpinjy, Utterly-destroy, to, e/ciropflcw, rjff<>>

Unpunished, airaOris, es Utterly-perish, to, air6\\vfj.ai, a. 2.

Unruly, draxTos, ov airti!\6/Ar)v

Unsacrificed, cwr<|>a/cTos, ov Utterly-slay, to,

Unseemly, aeiKi}s, cs

Unsightly, oeticeAios, ov
Unskilfully, curopccs
Unsparingness, afydovia, as
Unspeakable, opprjros, ov Yam, /j.fTa(jua\ios, ov

Unspotted, re\eios, a, ov Valley, (pdpay^, yyos, TI

Unsuccessfully, /cameos Valor, aperij, fjs

Unsupplied, dcritfvos, ov Value, TI o|i'a, TTJS a^ias
Until, ecas ou Value, to, dyu, fa
Until-he-should-enter, TO\V Suue Value-not, to, ovSa/itoO A^-ya>
t"ntil-we-find, Vanished, (ppovSos, TJ, ov
Vanished, to be, OIXO/MU, ftffo/j.ai
Unto, es, (is Vanquish, to, e-riKpaTtw, i\ata
Untouched, cvbavaros, ov A'ariegated, irot/ct'Aos, ij, ov
Unveil, to, aito-yvjjaiou, wffta Variety, Siatpopa, as
Unwashed, oAouror, ov Variously, iroAAaxws
Unwept, OK\avffTos, ov ^'ary, to, 5ioAAa(r<70>, fa
Unwilling, O.KUIV, oucro, ov (d) Vastly, jrafiTroAu
Unwilling, to be, oKveia Vauntingly-allege-against, to, Kora-
Unyoked, a(,u, vyos <t>povf<a, r^ffu
 VE WA 331

Vehement, \apbs, a, bv Violent, iffxvpbs, A, bv

Vehicle, ^x^a, aros Violently, iffx^pSis
Vend, to, irepvaffKoo A'iolet, lov
Venerable, VOTVIOS, a, ov ; Virgin, irapQevos, ov, 77
a, ov Virgin-of-wonderful-beauty, irdyKa-
Venerate, to, dya/j.cu \6v TI XPW
K irapOfvov
V engeance, ve'juetny, ews, 77 Virtue, aper^i, TJS
Venus, AtppoSirri (i), ys; Virtuous, ftr8\bs, 7^,
bv
ws, 77 Visage, -n-p6cr<airov

Verdant, x^P&s, & bv Visibly, <pa.vepcas

Verily, a^ijdus Ar ision, <tyjs, JDS, 77
r
\ erily-by, v^ Vitals, v7]Svs, vos, 77

Versed, tiriffriifJMv, ov Voice, ovS^j, 7?s ; <p<av^, rjs

Versifying, a, Tronjfns, ews, 77 Void, KfVfbs, a, bv ; Kfvbs, )}, by

Very, avrbs, fy, b Volsci, Ov6\ovo~Kot, ot

Very, (adv.) trdvv o~<p6Spa Voluntary, l/cownoy, a, ov
Very-beautiful, irepiKa\\7js, es Vote, fyricpos, rj

Very-fiery, dirvpos, ov Vote, to, tyr]<pio[iu!u, vo^ai

Very-fine, vdjKa\os, ov Vote-against, to, Ka.Ta^<pi^o/juti, o~o-

Very-glorious, epiKvb-ijs, es fMt

Very-grieved, to be, ayaa/OKreea, Vow, to, ctixopat, |ojuo:
flffw Voyage, 7rA<5os, ovs ; gen. tr\6ov, ov
Very-hard, dxyurros, t], ov Vulcan, "H<pa.iffTos
Very-irritated, to be, fj.d\io~ra irepi-
7Jft6KTO)
Very-large, dffireros, ov W
Very-little, e\dxtffros, 77, ov
Very-much, ttrxvpus Wage, to, o-rpaTfvca, ffca

Very-quickly, fj.d\' WKO. Wage- war, to, imteplfu, <rta

Very-shortly, tv /SpaxuTdry Waggon-road, afj.a^trbs, 77

Very-soon, raxjcrra Wait, to, fj.ifj.vca

r
\ ery-sweet, ^Swrros, 17, ov Wait-about, to, irepifj.fvw, tvS>

Very-unskilled, oluj/eTcorepos, a, ov Wait-for, to, p.ev<a, evia

Vessel, dyyos, fos Wait-upon, to, firin&ca
Vessel, (ship,) irXo'iov Waiter, irp6aito\os
Vest, o-r6\i<TfjM, O.TOS Wakeful, to be, aypuTrveca
Vex, to, Kvifa, o-<o Walk, to, jScu'wo, a. 2. e'7?i/
Victim, ifpbv ; irp6ff<f>ayfji.a >
aroy Walk-about, to, TreptiraTt-ji, 4\a<a

Victory, V'IKI] (l), r]s Wall, Tfix os > 60S

Victuals, eScoSfy, ijs Wall-piercer, TOIX&PVXS
Vie, to, a.fu\\do/Mi, -fiffofuu Wander, to, a\do/j.ai
View, i^e'a, as ; irpovofyis, etas, ii Wandering, a, 77X01/77, TJS
View, to, irpoffStpKOfjMi, %0/j.cu Want, xP e a ay '
>

View-steadily, to, fadopcu, Want, to, fvSfo/j.at ; 8eo,uat

Vigor, Is, 77 Want-of-exertion, airpayfj.offvvr], ijs
Vile, (/>auAos, 77, ov Want-of-knowledge, dyvoia, as
V ile-fellow, & rvx&v, TOV rv Want-of-mind, dvoia, as
T
V ilify, to, ovftSifa, o~v Want-of-power, aSwatria, as
Village, /CCO/UTJ, TJS Want-of-practice, rb ^
/xeAeroov, <av
Vineyard, oAwot, as Want-of-self-command, atcpdrfia, as t
Violate, to, oo-egew, Tjffw Want-of-spirit, oi^i>x^a, as
Violence, /Sfo, as Want-of-strength, afyuffTia, as
332 WA WH
Want-of-wisdom, cuppocrvvT), T?S Weariness,
Wanting-to, to be, fin\f'nr<a, tyw Weave, to, vfyaivia
Wantonness, a/coAotrio, as Weep, to, SaKptiia, treo
War, ir6\f/j.o$ Weep-in-turn, to, avriK\aia>
War, to, tro\fj.tu, T\<IU> Weeping (subst.), K\av6fj.bs
ffo-
War-against, to, irio~TpaTevofj.ai, Weigh, to, ffraOftaofiai
jUCU Weightier, peifav, ov
War-loving, <pi\oirr6\ffj.os, ov Welcome, acnrao-Tos, fy, ov
Ward-off, to, o.uiW, wu Well, fO; Ka\ias
Warlike, Sd'typwi', ov Well-disposed, tvvoos, ovs
Warm, Sepjuos, $7, bv Well-doing, a, (inrpayia, as
Warm, to, depute Well-skilled, TpiSwv (i)
Warmth, &OA/JTOS, eos Went, I, favdov, rj\6ov. See also Go
Warriors, dvtipes Were-the-first-who-came, vpuroi e<r-
iro\e/j.iKol
Wash, to, viifTta, tyci) ij\6ov
Wash-off, to, oTroAowo, ovffta Were-we-to-affirm, av <pdvrts
Waste, to, (pdeipoi, (pOfpca, ecpOapKa, West, avoToAai, <ov, at
etyQapov, a. 1. 4(p0fipa, and 5io- Western, fffirepos, a, ov
<t>delf>ca, epca Wet, vypos, a, ov
Waste-away, to, <p9fipo[uu, a. 2. Wet, to, rtyyia, |w
f(f>0dpT]V What, rfs, rl ; gen. rlvos
Watch, <f>v\aK^j, TJS What, (i. e. the thing which), 6 ;

Watch, to, yprf/opew, -fttrea gen. ov

Watch-word, vv6rj/j(.a, aros What-any, oarris, ?iris, on
W ater,
r
vScap, vSaros, rb What-had-happened, TO
Water-to-wash-with, x*P vl ^> '^ os ^ vov
Wave, icSjiia, OTOS What-is-advantageous, oVccs icepSos

Way, 65bs, f, <??

Way-back, di/o5oj, T] What-is- enough, TO apnovvra

Way-out, e|o5os, rj What-ia-proper, TO Seovra
We, J]fJ.eis,
<uv W hat-kind-of, olos, a,
r
ov

We-have-insensibly-purged, What-you-have-resolved-on, T^
S6-
fJ.V K0.9aipOVT(S avra
We-must, Set xp^ Whatever, SVep
We-must-love, <j>i\riTov Whatsoever, 'oaov 8ffo
; pi.
We-must-not-impart, on Wheel, rpoxos
Wheel, a. 2. tffrpa-
We-ought, xph to, ffrpf(f><a, \j/<a,

We-received, irapejA.^<>a,ue' <pov

We-should-not-hear, OVK &v K\I>OI- When, ore
fUH When-I-say, STOV eiirca
Weak, acrOev^s, es ; comparat. curQf- When-I-see, iS&v, ovcra, bv
VffTpOS, a, OV When-indeed, eirfity
Weakness, acrOfveia, as When - the - fortunate -
opportunity
-

Wealth, TT\OVTOS presented-itself, TrapoTuxov

Wealthy, a<pveibs When-they-went, avriav &G<OTWV
Weapon, '6ir\ov When - you - have
- it - in -
your-power,
Wear, to, <pfp<a ; <(>op4<o

Wear-a-sword, to, aiSt)po<poptofuiL, Whence, iroOev

flffO/MU Whenever, yviKa, av
Wear-away, to, 5iarplS<a, t|/w Whensoever, fvr' av
Wear-away-there, to, wStarpiea}, fyu Where, fvda ;
Sirov ;
ov ;
ir68i

Wear-long-hair, to, /co^tow, -f](Tu Where '? iroD

 WH WI 333
Whereas, Sire Who-ought, oSffnvas Sf!
Whereby, rj Who-should-at-any-time-be-deputed-
Wherefore, Titrre to-that-office, ot aei irv\a.yopovvrfs
Whether, Who-was-at-the-head-of, 6 eaia-rn-
Whether-of-the-two, irorepov ;
vorf- T7J(TOS

pa Who-went, i&v
Whey, opbs Whoever, '6<ms, tyris, on
Which, t>s, $?, t> Ion. duorepos, a, ov ot
;
Whoever-happen-to-be-in-office,
Which (thing), &
ael virarfvovTfs

Which-altogether, oirfp Whole, Saras, airiiaa, airav ; iras, TT.

Which-consumes, &v/j.6opos, ov era, irav ; oAos, i\, ov
Which-had-been-raised-to- the -Gods, Whole-and-half, fifj.i6\ios, a, ov
Whole-in-limb, dirrjpos, ov
Which-had-many-holes, iro\vrpT\Tos , Wholly, oKpdrcas
Whose, (i.
e. who's), ov, %s, ov
Whosoever, So-rts

Why, ri ; poet, rlrj

Which-has-brought-forth-twins, SiSv- Wicked, irovrtpos, a, ov

jUT/T<JOS, OV Wide, tvpvs, ?a, v
Which-has-fine-horses, etfnnros, ov Widely-surveying, rroA.i/Sep/ojj,
Which - make - a - shrill - noise,KA.oo/- Widow, X"hp a > ay
TfS Width, eCpoy, eos
Which-way, ira Wife, d\oxos, ov
Whichever, 8, ri ; 8, rn Wild, dyptos, a, ov
While, zoos Wild-animal, bripiov
Whip, juao"n, lyos, ri Wild-beast, drjp, ripos, o
Whirl, to, el\tcrffu, |w Wild-fig-tree, eplvfbs
Whirlwind, ffrp6fj.os Will, to, jSouAo/iat, f]ffo(j.at
White, \evKos, i), ov Willing, (K&v, ovffa, ov
White-sheep, apyevva.1 6'ifs
Willing, to be, t6e\u, 4\au
W'hither ? irot Willow (adj.), iTfivos, ij, ov
Who, &j, ^, t> Wind, dvffj.os
Who ? ris ; gen. rivos Wine, /J.f6v, vos, rd ; o7vos
Who-altogether, otrirfp Wine-coloured, olvoif/, OTTOS

Who-are-in-a-state-of-huppiness, eC Wing, irrepbv Trrtpv^, vyos, %

irp'flffffovTfS Winged, irerfivbs, ov; vrfivis, -i),

Who-are-unfortunate, a6\l<as irfirpd- f),

bv ; irrrivbs, rj, bv
Winter, xe'M (
"'> uvos, 6
Who-did-not-know-how, Wipe-away-from, to, ea\fl<pu, \f/w
fj.evos Wisdom, o-o<pid, as
Who-do-not-endeavour, / Wise, aotybs, -rj, bv
Wise, to be, (ppovtta, foca
Who - drivest - thy - chariot, 8i<ppr)\a- Wisest, aofydiraros, tj, ov
TUV Wish, a, fvxti, ^y
Who-gives-counsel, f)ov\r)<l>6pos, ov Wish, to, df'Aw, tut. be\-i]ffu; eflt-
Who-had-no-city, &iro\is, i A co
Who-has-done, o irpdas Wish-for, to, ciridv/jLtcf, i\<rta
Who-has-forgotten, \f\cur/jitvos Wish-further, to, irpoffxp^ta, aw
Who-have-suffered, Tfr\r)6res With, avv, |uj/
Who-is-overcome, VITTWV, ov With-a-strong-hand, fyi
Who-move-in-the- straight - path - of With-a-view-to-give-advice,
justice, iOvSiicai, S>v
334, WI XE
With-a-view-to-kill, caroKrevwv, ovffa, Wooden-spear, S6pv, arcs, TO ;
dat.
ovv poet. Sopl, Sovpl
With-all-liis-migbt, ova. xpdros Word, \6yos
With-as-much-haste-as-possible/oVoj/ Work, tpyov
Work, to, epydfafuii, dffoueu
With-difficulty, ffxo\fj Work-out, to, ptfa, fu
With-ease, paSiws Work-upon, to, xarfpydfr/jiai, copai

With-impunity, x<*'V &"' Working, a, epyacrla, as

With-respect-to, irepl Workman, TCTJ/, uvos, b
With-respect-to-this, Kara TOVTO ttvat World, K6fffiu>s

With-respect-to-you-at-least, <r y' Worm, (T/cciATjl, TJKOS, 6

(Ivan i A\'ormwood, afyiv6iov
'

With-sweat, iSpaJ Worse, x. fP i i<av ovt

With-the-fist, irii
Worship, to, crtSu
With-the-view-that, 6<f>pa Worst, fffxaros, TJ, ov
Withdraw, to, oixofuu, a. 2. ipx^A"?*' Worst, to, rjTrdca, T\GO>
Within, tffw ; evSov ; fvrds Worth-a-hundred-oxen, fKar6/*oios,
Within, prep, evrbs ov
'

Without, (adv.) Worth-nine-oxen, evvtdSoios, ov

Without, dvfv with genitive Worthless, <pav\os, i), ov
Without, to be, o-iravifa, o-w Worthy, o|jos, o, ov with a genitive
Without-art, arexvws or infinitive
Without-fighting, apaxfl Worthy-to-be-compared-with, avra.-
Without -having-solemnized-the - mar- |tos
riage-rites, avvfiivaios, ov \Vould-escape-the-notice-of, \dOoi av
Without-having- well worked - them Would-not-admire, OVK av aydo~airo
- -

selves, aviSpcaroi yevopfvoi Would -such -a- man -ever -take, oye
Without-hurt, air/1/j.tuv, ov TOIOVTOS av irore eAoi
Without-its-being-clear -which
-
party Wound, rpavfJM, aros
began-it, aaanpias fnrmipw apdv- Wound, to, ovrdfta, ffca
TOIV Kar-fipijs, ts
AVrapped-up,
Without-necessity, 01; irpoaijicov Wrath, opyii, rjs ; x^^s
Without-reason, /idrTji/ Wreath, Ai, IKOS, T\
Without-tears, aSdKpvros, ov Wrestler, a0A.?7T7Js, ov, o
"\Vithout-the-brass, dxa\Kos, ov Wrestling, (a)
iraXi), TJS
Withstand, to, fvavriSofjuu, a. 1. p. Wretched, r^/juav, ov
Wretchedly-unhappy, SwrroAas, aiva,
Witness, /uaprvp, vpos, o ;
av
Write, to, ypdxpu, \l/w
Witness, to, fTrifutpTvpo^at, vpov- Write-in, to, eyypdtpw, i|/u>

fUU Write-up, to, avaypd<p<a, \fa

Woe, ox oy >
OS Write-verses, to, iroif<a, r/ffw

Wolf, \VKOS (.u) Writing, ypatpr), rjs

Woman, JWT), vaiicos Wrought, a-K-eipyaff/Jifvos, TJ, ov
Wonder, fravfut, aros : Ionic SuSpa
Wonder, to, &av/juifa, ffoi
Wonder-at, to, dyc./j.ai
Wonderful, SOU^OWT^S, rj, w
Wpndrously, Sau^ww/ais
Wont, to be, <t>i\fo>, i]<j<a Xanthippus, Edvdiinros
Wood, v\ov (v) Xenophon, s.evocpwi' , uyros, o
Wood, a, POTTOS, (os (o) Xerxes, Ef'pfrjr, ov, ace. ea, riv, o
 YE ZO 335

You-would-object, 7rm/u&'rjs a^
Young, vtosjtL ov; comp. vecarepos,
Ye, see You plural a, ov
Year, eVos, eos ; tviavros, ov
Yellow, av8bs, 17, ov Young-dfie,
Yes, fjLu\tffTa Your, addressed to a plurality,
Yes-truly, pos, a, ov ; i/fios, i), ov
Yesterday, Your, addressed to one, ffos, TJ, ov,
Yet, e'rt Doric Tecs, a, ov
Yield, to, vQhiiJU, a. 2. Your-eyes, <rot dtrtre

Yield-fruit, to, tve'tKu Your-mind, (ace.) ere <j>ptvas

Yoke, tvyos, tos Your-resources, rd inrdpxovrd
You, dual, ff(pwi Yourself, of, ffeavrov, crourou
You, plur., v/j.eis, wv Yourselves, V/JLCIS aural
You, sing., oil, ffov Youth, vc6Tt]s, IJTOS, y
You -are- able, olos T' ? or e?s Youth, a, vedvtas, ov
You-cannot-learn-exactly, OUK av Youthful, to be, rja', i\ffu
Youthfulness, Vf6rris, TITOS, T\

You - have - no - occasion - for, ov o~e

XP*i
You-have-not-a-scarcity, ov ireyr)

You-man-who-have, o ov-rovl (i)

You-may, e'e<rn Zabatus, Zdaros

You-nust-nol-tell, ov /ui) fpeis Zealous-for, to be, ^po6u/j.fofj.ai,
You-ought-not, Zeno, Z-fjvwv, wvos, o
You-want, ere XP7? j Zeuxis, Zfvis, tos, ace. iv, 6
You-were, weAeV/cco Zone, ft>vr), rjs

You-would-be-enslaved, cbQairrre av Zopyrus, Zwiri/pos.

 336

SPECIMENS

DIFFERENT GREEK DIALECTS.

1. TH2 ATTIKH2 AIAAEKTOT.

1. 0OTKTAIAOT. 'H rrjs (s ~StK(\lav ffrparrtylas

2vva6poi<rOfi'rts Se of 'SvpaKovffiot Kal ol vpfjMxot, rSiv rt

tiffovs fSwavro wAei'oTous /col ra (r/cvXa ava\aS6vrfs, wcx^prjirw i TT\V

ir6\iv, Kal rovs ptv aXXous A07ji/aW Kal r<av vfj.fj.dx

tav fafoovs f\a,6ov,
KartiSa(ra,v ts ris Atdorojuias, a<r<f>a\fffTdTriv flvcu, vofj.iffa.vrfs r^v rfipriffif

NtKi'av 8e col AriiJU><rdti>Tiv OKOVTOS Tv\itnrov air(ff<f>a^av i>

yap TuXjinros Ka\bi
ri> ayiavLfffia ev6fu^(V ol elfcu, etri rots aXXojy *col rovs avr tar parity ovs KOfiiffa.

AaxeSaiuo^iois weaivf St, rbv fitv iro\tfuuna.rov avrots ftvai, ArjfjutffBf-

m)v, Sia ra fv rp vr\a<f icol rivAqs* riv 8 8ti ri avra fTrirrjSfi6rarov TOI/S
T^S v^ffou at/Spas TW>' AcuceSai/ioct'coi' 6 Ni/cias irpov0vfji fi&i], o-irocSat
i

7ap /c

irewray TOUS Aflrji'ofous irotrjiraffOot, S<TT6 cupf&fjvar avff Siv ol rt AaKfSatfj.6-

vioi rjffav avr$ irpotr<pt\is, Kcucfivos ow% TjKiffra irurreixras tavrov r$ rv\linrtf>
TraptSuKfV aAAa rwv "Hvpaicovcriwv rives, us t\fyero, ol piv, Sftaain-ts, Sri
Ttp6s e.vrov fKfKoivo\6yrjvro, ft/^i Paffavi6fi.fvos Sia rb roiovrov

tv fvirpayia iroi^crj?, eiAAoi 8, Kal ov% fiKtffTa ol KopivBioi,

nvas, ori trKoiiffios ijv, oiroSpa, Kal av6ts o~<pi<ri vetartp&v n air" avrov y(vi\rai,

irfiffavrfs rt rovs vfj.pdxovs airfKrfivav avr6v. Kal o r) or&y- fjtev roiavrrf

yvrdru rovruv atria, frf6vriKi, riitirrra 8^ dios oiv riav ye fir' (fj.ov 'EXX^-
vuv ts rovro SuerTu^iay atpiKtffBai, Sia rr)v vtvofuffft^vriv ts rb df?ov (Trirri-
Stvcriv.

Toi/j 8" fv rats Ai0oro^fas ol 'SvpoKovcrtoi x ^** TO "S irpwrovs xpovovs

fitrexflpufai'' ev yap Koi\<f X^P'V ovras iroXAous o'/ re f/Xiot TO vpurov Kal rb

irvlyos trt eXujrei, Sid rb affreyaarov, Kal al vwcres firiyiyv6[j.evai rovvavriov

Utroirtopival Kal ifa/^pol, rp pfrao\fj fs aaQiveiav (vtorrtpi^ov. ttdvra rt

 337

TRANSLATION
OF

THE SPECIMENS,
1. ATTIC.

1. THUCYDIDES. End of the Sicilian Expedition.

And now the Syracusans and allies in one grand collective body, having
amassed together as large a number of prisoners as they possibly could, and
all the spoils, returned in triumph to Syracuse. The bulk of prisoners,
whether of the Athenians or their confederates, whom they had taken, they
thrust down into the quarries, concluding that from such a confinement they
could not possibly make escapes: but Nicias and Demosthenes, in spite
of all the remonstrances of Gylippus, they butchered. For Gylippus ima-
gined that the finishing of this war would invest himself with pre-eminent
degrees of glory, if, besides the rest of his achievements^ he could carry
home to the Lacedaemonians the generals of the enemy. It had, further,
so happened, that one of these, that is, Demosthenes, was regarded as their
most inveterate enemy, because, of his exploits against them in the island
of Sphacteria :.md Pylus ; and the other (Nicias) as their most sincere well-
wisher, from his behaviour on those very incidents. For Nicias had stre-
nuously exerted himself in behalf of these Lacedaemonians who were made
prisoners in the island. It was he who prevailed with the Athenians to

sign the treaty, in pursuance of which they were released. For such services
done them, the Lacedaemonians had a kindness towards him ; and it had
been chiefly owing to his assurance of this that he surrendered himself pri-
soner to Gylippus. But a party of the Syracusans, as was generally reported,
fearful because they had kept up a correspondence with him, lest, if put to
the torture, he might now, amidst the general prosperity, involve them in
trouble ;
others also, and not least of all, the Corinthians, lest as he was
rich he might purchase the connivance of his keepers to get his liberty,
and then again might have influence enough to foment fresh stirs to their
prejudice, obtained the concurrence of their allies, and put him to death.
For these, or reasons most nearly neighbouring to these, was Nicias doomed
to destruction:
though the man of all the Grecians in the present age, who
least deserved so wretched a catastrophe, since his whole lite was one uni-
form series of piety towards the Deity.
As for those who were doomed to the quarries, the Syracusans treated
them at first with outrageous severity. As great numbers were crowded
together in this hollow dungeon, the beams of the sun, in the first place,
and then the suffocating air, annoyed them in a more terrible manner,
because the aperture was left uncovered ; and each succeeding night, the
reverse of the preceding day, autumnal and
nipping, through such vicissi-
Gr. Ex.
338 00TKTAIAOT API2TO*ANOT2.

'XOlovv^^av avrwv Sia ffrevox^piav tv r<p avr, Kal trpofftri TtOiv VfKpSiv

6>oD CTT' oAA^jAois tyvvtvi\\j.ivu>v , ot c re T>V -rpav^druv, Kal Sia r^v /uera-

SoXV Kal TO TOJOUTOI' aire6mi](TKOv. Kal carpal ijffai> OVK avficrol, KCU \iptf

a/*a K<ti Sfyei fTrie^ovro

'
fSiSoffav yap avruv fKWTTip firl OKTW nijvas KOTV\I)V

SSaror Kal Svo Korv\as ff'nov d\\a re Stro fixits tv [T^] rotovry

e/uireirrfB/cdTos KOK05ra0^(rai, ouSei/ 2,rt ou/c eTrpyeVero aur

/xij' eSSofi^Kovrd rtvas ovrca SijjT^fhjo'eu' a6p6oi firena, irA^v AOiyi'aiW, coi

drives ~2,Mf \uarSiv i) iToAicoTcSi' liu'ecrTpdreva'tu', TOWS aAAous aire'SoJTO.

E\-fi(f>8i)ffav
5e ot v[j.irai>Tfs, axpiSfia fj.fV xa\fTrl>i> f^ftirtiv, o,ua>s 5< OI/K

6\e(r<roi;j- eirraj(rxiA.rwr. wf6ri re e/ryoj' TOUTO 'EXA.Tjj't/cb^ TW*> KOTO rbr

'

Tf6\e^ov T&v^e fieyiffTov yevevBai SoKfiu 8' f/j.oiyf, KoL So/ OKOTJ

iffntv, KCU roTs re Kparrjffatri \a/j.TTp6raTOV, Kal rots Sta<p8apf7ffi

rov. Kara ITOU'TO. yap irdvrtos viKT}8fmfS, Kal ouSev o\lyov er ovfev KaKova&()-

<rcu>TfS, Trav<a\f6pia. 8^j, rb \fy6fievov, Kal vebs Kal vyes, Kal ovSev 8,TJ OVK

oirctfXTO Kol 0X170* a-b vo\\(av fir' OIKOV airtv&<rrriacu>.

Tovra-ftev ret irepl TTJP ~2,ix(\iav yfv6fj.tva.

2. API2TO*ANOT5. EK TW

2TPE^IAAH2 2GKPATH2.

'
TJ jixe (caAfTy, u
ST. irpiaTOV fttv o TI So^s, ewT6oAaJ, /carejire yuo.
1
2co. aepo^oTw, Kal Titpifypovia rbv rt\iuv.
ST. eiretT* a?rb rafipov TOWS deoi;? inrfpippovfTs.
aAA' OWK aTrb TTJS 7^1 ; (ep . . .

e|evpoi' op
ft fi-i) Kpt^idcras TO voTj/ua, ol TT)I/ (ppovriSa

Karafii^as (s rbis UJJ.OLOV atpw

\firTTJi'
fi 8*iv X a M a T&via xdrudev effKbnovv,
'

OVK dv iroff evpov, ov yap aAA' TJ yij ftia

1
To give the philosopher a mock sublimity, he elevates him above the
heads of his fellow-creatures by the vehicle of a basket, and then makes
 THUCYDIDES ARISTOPHANES. 339
tudes threw them into strange disorders. Thus straitened as they were for
room, they did whatever they had to do on one and the same spot ; and
the carcases of those who died lay heaped up promiscuously together, as
some expired of their wounds, and other.* perished through the vicissitudes
of air they suffered, or some other such deadly cause. At length the stench
became intolerably noisome ; and they were farther oppressed with hunger
and thirst for, during the space of eight months, the allowance to each
:

was only a cotyl of water and two cotyls of bread a day. N?y, whatever
species of misery numbers cooped up in so close a confinement might be
liable to suffer, not one of these but pressed cruelly upon them. They
were allthus thronged and dieted together for seventy days but, after
:

this term, all but the Athenians, and such of the Sicilians and Italians as
had joined with them in the invasion, were sold out for slaves.
What the whole number of prisoners was, it is hard exactly to relate ;
but, however, they could not be fewer than seven thousand. And this
proved to be the greatest Grecian exploit of all that happened in the course
of this war : and, in my opinion, of all that occurred in the whole history
of Greece ; since the event to the victors was most glorious, and to the
vanquished most calamitous for in every respect they were totally over-
:

powered, and their miseries in no respect had any mitigation. In short,

root and branch, as is commonly said, their land-armies and their
shipping
were now ruined ; nay, nothing belonging to them was exempted from
destruction ; and few, out of all their numbers, had the good fortune to
revisit their native country.
Such were the transactions in Sicily. (W. SMITH, ESQ.)

2. ARISTOPHANES. The Clouds.

STREPSIADES, SOCRATES.

STREPS. Hoa Socrates What hoa, my hliie Socrates

! !

SOCR. Mortal how now

! ! Thou insect of a day,
What would'st thou ?
STREPS. I would know what thou art doing.
SOCR. I tread in air, contemplating the sun.
STREPS. Ah, then I see you re basketed so high,
That you look down upon the gods Good hope,
You 'Jl lowera peg on earth.
SOCR. Sublime in air,
Sublime in thought I carry my mind with me,
Its cogitations all assimilated
To the pure atmosphere, in which I float ;

Lower me to earth, and my mind's subtle powers,

Seiz'd by contagious dulness, lose their spirit ;

For the dry earth drinks up the generous sap,

him speak in a style correspondent to the loftiness of his station, a language

suited to the character of a dcmi-god.

C 2
 340 APISTOfrANOTS.

f\Kfi irpbs aurV T^V K/w8a TTJS Qpotnttios

* Tauri roDro al ra

ST. ;
rfjfcfr
TJ tppovrls f\K(t TV iKjuaS' is TO ap5a/ua ;

(0< wr, KardSriff, w

SaiKpaTiSioc, cLy f/it,
!Va ft* (c55o|jjj, tainrtp UVVZK e\ii\v6a,

35w. ^A6s 5e Kara T( j

, ipfpofuu, T
s
5 v

aAAa /u SiSalov rbv 'i-rtpov ro?v aoiv \&you>,

Tbv /j.rjSfV airo8iS6vTa. fanrBbv S", Sv ra>' by

vpdr-ni it, ofMvfuu, <roi Karafrfifftiv, rovs Seovs.

2a.'. iroiovs Seous o^t? ITV

; irpanov ykp Sbtol
fjiuv v6fu<T(j.' OVK tan.

ST. T$ 5* dp'

iv, tixrirfp tl>

2a. &ov\ti rb. Ibeia irpdynaT' eiSeVoi

STT' eo-TiJ' o/>0$ j

ST. v^ AJ", (

2a'. Kol vyyfvea6ai rcus Necpt

TCU? ijnerfpcuffi SaifiOfftf ;

ST. fjLd\urrd ye.

Sot. icd0i^ Tolwi' rl rbi' tepi*' (TK^woSa.

ST. i5oi> xdlhiiMi.

'Sea. rovrovl TO'IWV AaSe

ST. nrl ri (ntfyavov ; OLU.OI,

rbv A6d/juivff s oiraij
&(nt(p ftf

Sw. OUK a\Aa iraiTO Tai/ra TOI/

77/ufi

ST.

2 This whole
dialogue, between two characters so forcibly contrasted, is
conceived in the very best style of the author. The Deities and even
Jupiter himself are treated with so little ceremony, or rather with such
sovereign contempt, that we must suppose no danger was attached to the
avowal of these free opinions. It seems to be nothing more than a mere
 ARISTOPHANES. 34 [
The vegetating vigour of philosophy,
And leaves it a mere husk.
STREPS. What do you say ?

Philosophy has sapt your vigour ? Fie upon it.

But come, my precious fellow, come down quickly,
And teach me those fine things I 'm here in quest of.
SOCR. And what fine things are they 1
STREPS. A new receipt
For sending off my creditors, and foiling them
By the art logical for you shall know
;

By debts, pawns, pledges, usuries, executions,

Iam rackt and rent in tatters.
SOCR. Why permit it?
What strange infatuation seized your senses ?
STREPS. The horse consumption, a devouring plague,
But so you'll enter me amongst your scholars,
And tutor me like them to bilk rny creditors,
Name your own price, and by the Gods 1 swear
I '11
pay you the last drachm.
Socn. By what Gods?
Answer that first
;
for your Gods are not mine.
STREPS. How swear you then? As the Byzantians swear,
By their base iron coin ?

SOCR. Art thou ambitious

To be instructed in celestial matters.
And taught to know them clearly ?
STREPS. Marry am I,
So they be to my purpose, and celestial.
SOCR. What, if I bring you to a conference
With my own proper Goddesses, the Clouds?
STREPS. 'Tis what I wish devoutly.
SOCR. Come, sit down ;
Repose yourself upon this couch.
STREPS. 'Tis done.
SOCR. Now take this chaplet wear it.
STREPS. Why this chaplet?
Would'st make of me another Athamas, 3
And sacrifice me to a cloud ?
SOCR. Fear nothing j
It is a ceremony indispensable
At all initiations.
STREPS. What to gain?

vehicle for introducing his chorus of fanciful beings, in like manner with
those of his frogs, birds, and wasps, which are all cast in the same whim-
sical characters with this of the clouds. It is, however, a
very apposite
allusion of the clown, when he asks him if he swears, as the Byzantians
do, by the beggarly outh of their own base coining.

by Hercules, when on
s Rescued the point of being immolated to th
manes of Phryxus.
Q 3
 APl2TO#ANOr2

co. \iyetv ytrfiffti rpifi/ia, Kp6ra\ov,

aAA' ^x*

KaraTrarr6f*fVos yap ireuiroAij y

pf<r6vn]v, Kal TTJS (VXW vrrtutoiita

\a.fji.irp6s T* Ai^p, fffpvai re 3al Ne^eAou fyovnjffucfpawoi,

Hi Seenrowcu, <f>poJTrnj (ifrfapoi.
dp(h]Tf, tydirtir', TIJ?

ST. ufata, ufata ye, icplv av rovrl irr^w/xaj, /*?} Ka.raJpf)(6.

T^ Se ^tj) mviijv oiKoQtv f\Qtiv tp.e rbv KOKoSadfWv' fXovTa.

/T' CTT' OAv/^Tou xopvtycus lefxus j^wvoSK'/^ouTi. KaOijtrdf,

fir' flxtwov irarpos tv icffiroit kpti* x ^ &T<T tii>n<pats,

etr' dpa. Ni\ou irpoxocus vSdruv xpvffeys apvrtffQf icp&\owu>,

r) Moiwrn' \ifuri)V X* T> 4'
(TK^TreAov vupofvra tHipamor
Sefa/teycu dvffiav, KO! rois itpotffi x a je
/
J
"
a '-

j
/xe'7a fff/ifal Nc^cXat, <pavcp<as rjKOvffarf ftov (caAfVtuT
aQov ^xavjfs auto, /ecu Ppovrfjs fj.vmiffaft,ivr]s deoffirrov ;

3. nAATGNOS.
8* dpa om
ev TOVTOIS TO?S iroAAots re-Trap' drra pfvpara, Siv rt
UfV fifyitrrov Kal f^wrarca peov irepl K{>K\y 6 KaXovfuevos CLKtav&s tan, rov-
rov Sf KaravriKpv Kal tvcan'uas ptuv Ax^pwi', t>s 8t' fprfiuav rt rfatiiv frfi
d\\wv, Kal 8-^ Kal VTT& yfjv peaiv eis rr)v Ai'/uo/r afyiKvetrai rrjv AxpowrteSa,
ov at riav rfrt\fvrr)K6rci>v tyvxal rwv TroAAtSr afyutvovvrai, Kai rivas fuxap-
fUcouy xP^vovs pfivaorai, at p.fv futxportpovs, at Se &paxvrtpovs, ird\a> (KTTfu.-
irovrai (is ras rtov iixav yevefffis. Tpiros Sf vorafids rovruv Kara fifcov
fKd\\ei, Kal eyyvs TTJS {KO\TJS (KTriirrfi fis roirov ptyav irupl iroAAy Kasi-
Htvov Kal \ifjanjv voifi fJLeifa TTJS irap' Tjfuv SoAfirTT/s tyovaav USaros Kal
vrj\ov. evrevBfp Se X^P** ninety SoAepiy Kal injAwSTjs' irfpif\irr6/j.fyos Se

vji./j.tyvv/j.ft>os r$ SSaTt irepteAtx^ely St 7roAAa/y inrb frjs f/j.Sd\\fi Kartrripo:

rov Taprdpov. OVTOS S' tarlv t>y firovofM^ovffi Tlvpi<p\fyfOovra, ou Kal oi
pvaKes airoffiraff/iiara avacpvffSxrtv, oinj av rvxoicri r-ijs TTJS.
Tovrov 8' au KaravrtKpv 6 rerapros (Kwiirrfi fis roTrov irpcarov Sfiv6v rf
Kal dypiov, us \eytrat, XP^P 11 2s ex J'Ta SAov 0101* & KVOVO'S, f>v 5ij firon-
 ARISTOPHANES PLATO. 34,3

SOCR. T
will sift your faculties as fine as powder,
Bolt 'em like meal, grind 'em as light as dust ;
Only be patient.
STREPS. Marry, you'll go near
To make your words good ; 'an you pound me thus,
You '11 make me
very dust and nothing else.
SOCR. Keep silence then, and listen to a prayer,
Which fits the gravity of age to hear
Oh !
air, all-powerful air, which dost enfold
This pendent globe, thou vault of flaming gold,
Ye sacred clouds who bid the thunder roll,
Shine forth, approach, and cheer your suppliant's soul !

STREPS. Hold, keep 'em off awhile, till I am ready.

Ah luckless me, would I had brought my bonnet,
!

And so escaped a soaking.

SOCR. Come, come away !
Fly swift, ye clouds, and give yourselves to view !

\Vhether on high Olympus' sacred top

Snow-crown'd ye sit, or in the azure vales
Of your own father Ocean sporting weave
Your misty dance, or dip your golden urns
In the seven mouths of Nile whether ye dwell
;

On Thracian Mimas, or Maoris' lake,

*********
Hear me, yet hear, and thus invoked approach

Yes, ye Divinities, whom I adore,

!

I hail you now propitious to my prayer.

Didst thou not hear them speak in thunder to me ?
(R. CUMBERLAND, ESQ.)

3. PLATO. Happiness or Misery in a future state.

.
They form several very great and large currents ; but there are four
. . .

principal ones, the greatest of which is the outermost of all, and is called
the Ocean. Opposite to that is Acheron, which runs through the desert
places, and, diving through the earth, falls into the marsh, which from it is
called the Acherusian lake, whither all souls repair upon their departure
from this body ; and having stayed there all the time appointed, some si
shorter, some a longer time, are sent back to this world to animate beast.
Between Acheron and the Ocean, there runs a third river, which retire
again not far from its source, and falls into a vast space full of fire there :

it forms a lake
greater than our sea, in which the water mixed with mud
boils, and, setting out from thence all black and moddy, runs along the
earth to the end of the Acherusian lake, without mixing with its waters ;
and, after having made several turnings under the earth, throws itself un-
derneath Tartarus and this is the flaming river called Phlcgethon, the
:

streams whereof are seen to fly up upon the earth in several places.
Opposite to this is the fourth river, which falls first into a horrible wild
place, of a blueish color, calk-d by the name of Stygian, where it forms the
2 4
udovo-i "Srvyiov, Kal rr)v \i/jivriv, *r}v troie'i 6 irora^ios eu.Sd\\uv, "S,rvya 6 8
f^tteawv evrav6a Kal Seivds ovvdueis \aSuv ev r<p vSari Svs Kara TT/J yrjs
irepie\irr6[i.evos X^P^ fvavrtus Tip Tlvpi(p\fye8ovri Kal airavra tv rrj AX-
poviridSi \invrj evavrias, Kal ovSe rb rovrov vSup ovSevl fuyvvrai, aAAa
Kal ouros KVK\CI> irepie\6uv e/j.d?^\ei eis rov Taprapov evavriws r<p Tlvpi-
<p\eytdovrt oVo/ua 5e rovrv earlv, us ol iroiTjral \iyovo~i, KcuKvr6s.

Tovruv 8e ovrca irffyvKorcav, firftSav afy'iKiaVTat ol TeTf\evTT)K6rfS fls TOV

roirov ol 6 5a.ifj.uii>fKOffrov vo[*iei, TTDWTOV n*v SitoiKOffaifTO o'i re xaAcis Kal
oo-'ius f)uao-at>Tfs Kal ol pfi.

Kal av 86%ta<n fifffcas f)eiQ>Kfvai, iropfvOtmts firl TOV A.x*Pov'rct

ot fj.fv '

avaSdi/Tfs & avrois ox^tMTa. tativ, firl TOVTIOV atpu<vovvrai ets r-rjv \lp.vT\v,
ST;
Kal tKtioiKovffi re Kal Ka6aipd/J.evoiriav re aSi/crj/wtTcuj' StSovres Si/cos airo\vov-
rat, ti ris n
j5('(cjo'e, rtav re evepyeiricai' rifias <pfpovrai Kara rr)v aiav fKa-

X 1)/ $ la r& M 7*^ T '"''/ ftfuiprrifidrdii', rj itpo-

'
ff-ros ol 8* dv S6^axnv avidrias
<rv\ias 7TO\Aas Kal /4tyd\as rj <p6vovs aStKovs Kal irapai'6f^.ovs TroAAous |'p-
yacr/j-evoi rf aAAa rvyxdvti 6vra roiavra, rovrovs oe r) irpofffiKovaa po'ipa
ocra

piirrei eis rov Tdprapov, o6ev oinrorf eKSaivovo'tv. O? 5' dv tdffi/j.a, pitv,
jUtyoAa 5e S6^cao~iv TifMprrjKevai dfj.apriifuira, olov irpos trarepa r) fnjrtpa inr'
opyrjs (iiaiov ri trpd^avres, Kal fifrdfj.e\uv aurois rov aAAov jSiov (liaxriv, TJ
av5po<p6voi rotovrif rivl d\\cp rpoirqi yevuvrai, rovrois St fjj.ireae'iv fj.ev eis
rov Tdprapov avdjKr\, e^ireo-6vras tie avroi>s Kal eviavrov eKfi yevofj-evovs
fKd\\ei rd Kvfia' rovs fi.fi> av$po(p6vovs Kard rbv KcaKvrdv rovs Sf irarpa-
Ao/as al jurjTpaAoiay Kara rov Tlvpup\eyeOovra, EireiSav Se <f>ep6fj.evot yt-
VUVTO.I Kara rrfv Xi.fj.vriv rrjv AxepoixriaSa, evravBa fioiaai re Kal KuXovaiv ol
/j.ev ots aTreKrfivav, ol Se ots SSpiffav Koheaavres S" iKerftovo'i Kal Stovrai
'
fciuai fffpas eK@rivai eis rr/v \i/j.vr)V Kal 5eao~8ai Kal edv /uev ireitroiffiv, eK@ui-
vovai re Kal \riyovai ruv KaKtav ei oe /XTJ, (pfpovrai avOis fis rbv Tdprapov
KO\ eKtiQev irdKiv eis rovs irorafMvs /cal ravra irdcrxovres ov irp6repov irav-
ovrai, itplv dv ireiff(ao~iv o'iis rjolKriffav avrrj yap TJ 5//cij into ruv

O( oe dv S6<ao'i Sia(pep6vrcas irpos ro oa'uas f$i>vai irpoKeKpicrOai, ovroi

STJ
furiv of TtavSe ;uevrwv r6iruv rwv ev rrj yfj e\ev6epov^evoi re Kal aira\\arro-
Hevoi 8>airep fieafjuarripiaiv, dvta oe eis rrjv KaBapdv oiKriffiv a(piKvo\^t.fvoi cal
errl rris TTJJ oiKi6[j.evoi. Tovruv St avruv ol <pi\oo~o<piq iKavtas KaBripdfjievoi
dvev Tt atafjAruiv {wai ro irapdirav fis rov tireira xpovov Kal eis oiKfiffeis en
rovriav Ka\\iovs oQiKvovvrcu, &s ovre pdoiov SryAcDcrat ovre 6 XP OVOS ixavo: ev
rtji irap6vn.

AAAa rovrtav 8?) eveKa XPV & v Sie\r)\u6aiJ.ev

ca 'S.i/J.u.ia, irdvra iroif'iv Hare
,

apery* Kal (ppovrio'ecas KO\OV yap ro a6\ov Kal rj eATrls

ev rif B'up /j.erao~x f ?t/ '

/i7aA7j.. Td fj.ev ovv ravra SiiffxvpiffaffBai oSrcas f\eiv us eyta 8j&\^Au6a,

.
,
'
rei vovv exovri avopi Sri pevroi ravr' earlv i) roiaOr' OTTO irtpl rds
-ft

, ras oe irepl ro jj.avddveiv eawovoaae re Kal KOCT/UTJCTOX ri

 PLATO. 345
formidable lake of Styx and, after it has tinctured itself with horrible
:

qualities from the waters of that lake, dives into the earth, where it makes
several turns and, directing its course over-against Phlesrethon, at last
;

meets it in the lake of Acheron, where it does not mingle" its waters with
those of the other rivers ; but, after it has run its round on the earth,
throws itself into the Tartarus by a passage opposite to that of Phlegethon.
This fourth river is called by the poets Cocytus.
Nature having thus disposed of all these things, when the dead arrive at
the place whither their demon leads them, they are all tried and
judged,
both those that lived a holy and just life, and those who wallowed in in-
justice and impiety.
Those who are found to have lived neither entirely a criminal, nor ab-
solutely an innocent life, are sent to the Acheron. There they embark in
boats, and are transported to the Acherusian lake, where they dwell, and
suffer punishment proportionable to their crimes ; till at last being purged
and cleansed from their sins, and set at liberty, they receive the recom-
pense of their good actions. Those whose sins are incurable, and have been
guilty of sacrilege and murder, or such other crimes, are by a just and fatal
destiny thrown headlong into Tartarus, where they are kept prisoners for
ever. But those who are found guilty of venial sins, though very great
ones, such as offering violence to their father or mother in a passion, or
killing a man, and repenting for it all their life-time, must of necessity be
likewise cast into Tartarus but after a year's abode there, the tide throws
:

the homicides back into Cocytus, and the parricides into Phlegethon,
which draws them into the Acherusian lake. There they cry out bitterly,
and invoke those whom they have killed or offered violence to, to aid
them ; and conjure them to forgive them, and to suffer them to pass the
lake, and give them admittance. If they are prevailed with, they
pass
the lake, and are delivered from their misery ; if not, they are cast
again
into Tartarus, which throws them back into these rivers ; and this con-
tinues to be repeated, till they have satisfied the injured persons. For
such is the sentence pronounced against them.
But who have distinguished themselves by a holy life, are released
those,
from these earthly places, these horrible
prisons ;
and received above into
that pure earth, where they dwell ; and those of them, who are sufficiently

purged by philosophy, live for ever without their body, and are received
into yet more admirable and delicious mansions, which I cannot easily
describe, neither do the narrow limits of my time allow me to launch into
that subject.
What I told you but now, is sufficient, my dear Simmias, to show that
we ought to labour all purchase virtue and wisdom, since we
our life-time to
have so great a hope, and so great a reward proposed to us. No man of
sense can pretend to assure you, that all these things are just as I have
said but all thinking men will be positive that the state of the soul, and the
:

place of its abode alter death, is absolutely such as I represent it to be, or at

least very near it, provided the soul be immortal ; and will certainly find
it worth his while to run the risk ; for what
danger is more inviting? One
must needs be charmed with that blessed hope. And for this reason I
have dilated a little upon this subject. Every one that during his life-
time renounced the pleasures of the body, that looked upon the appur-
tenances of the body as foreign ornaments, and, siding with the contrary
party, pursued only the pleasures of true knowledge, and beautified his
34,6 AHMOS0ENOT2.

J/uX'i'' OVK a\\orply, oAAa Tip avrfjs K6o~juf, a<a$poavvr\ re KCI! Succuoffuvri

Kal avSpfiq, Kal f\tv6fpla Kal aA7)06ia, ovrta irfpififvfi rjjv fis a5ov iropfiav
us iropfvo-6(*,evos 'drav f] flfj.apfj.evt) /caAjj.

4. AHMO20ENOT2. EK rou irept rov 2Te<J>dVou \ayuv.

AAA,' SVa /xi) Attyov e/c \6yov \eywv, rov irapovros epavrbv fKKpovffu, va-
paAi//a> ravra.' oXA' 8n 76 oixl 8i* ei'SetoJ' OUK eireSawcas, e/c TO</T&>V S^Xov,
oAA^ ^uAetTTwi' rb evavrlov jtveffdai irapa crov TOVTOIS, oTs airavra
jurjSei'
>

iro\iTevTi. Ei/ Ticriv ouv ffv vfavias, Kal irrjvtita. Aa.uirpJs ; ^'((( av <7reT^ T:
Kara TOVTWV Seat, tv rouTots \a[i,irpo(p(ov6TaiTos, luntftaviKitrrtnos, {nroKpirris

dpiffTos, rpayticbs 0eo/cpic7jj.

E?ra TVV irp&Tfpov yeyfifijufisav avfyiav ayaBiav fitfj.vi)trui' Kol KaAeDs
Tro?y. Ou /uejTot SiKai6v fffriv, u dvSpes AOrjvaToi, T^V irpbs rovs T-
TeAeur7jK<5Tas eui/oiac int&pxpva'a.v irpo\a.S6vTa irap' vfiiai', irpbs fKeivovs

f^erd^fiv Kcd Trapad\\ii> e/*e, rbv <rvuvra fifO' V/MOV. Tis ykp OVK
e?5e T>V irdvruv, UTI TOIS /j.tv 3n iraffiv ftirfff-ri TJS ?; TrAetW }? eAaTra-j'

<p06vos ;
TOIIS Se TeOvewras ou5e TW^ f)(6piav ovftfis fTt fjucre?; Ovrtas ovv

tx6vT<av TOVTWV -rrj (pvffft, irpbs TOIS irpb fpavrov vvv eyia Kpivufuu KOJ St<a-

p&j,uai ; /^TjSa/uws' ovre ykp SlKatov, our' icrov farrlv, A.urx'"''n' aAA^ irpbs at,
/cal d\?.w, fi TIVO. $ov\fi, TUV ravra ffoi vpoTipri/JLtvoiv Kal fyavrwv. Kajcfivo

ffK6irei, ir&rtpov Kd\\iov KOI d^fivov ry ir6\ci Sia ras rtov irportpuv fvfpyt-
eiirot ris a.v ^At/cas, ras firl rbv
ffias, ovffas &irfpf*.ey40fis, ovpevovv irapovra
Ploy yiyvofifvas, eis a^apurriav Kal TrpoTrr]\aKtfffj.bv dytiv I; iracriv, 8<roi ri
fj.fr" fvvolas irpdrrovffi, rrjj irapa rovrtav rtfiijs Kal <pi\av6p{inrias f4frf"ti>ai ;

Kal ufa, fi Kal TOUT' apa 5?/t fiiretv, r] fj.fi> t/j.-f) Tro\trtla Kal irpoaipeffis,

aV TIS opOus ffKoinj, rat's ruv r6re titaivovnevuiv av5p<av 6/j.oia, Kai ravrd

/SouAojuej'rj <t>avJ]fferai' rj Se ffrj, rats riav rovs roiovrovs Tore <rvKo<pa.v-

rovvruiv. yap, Sri Kal /car' (Kfirovs rjffdi> rives rovs xpSvovs, ot Sis'-
AT/A.OJ'

ffvpov [t.fv rovs 6vras rdre, rovs 5e irporepov yeyfinj/uifvovs einjvovv, /3d<r-
KOVOV irpayfia Kal rainb iroiowrts ffoi, E?ra \tyeis, us ovSev opoios ei/ixi

(Ktivois tyia ;
o"i/ 5* S/Mios, AIIT^IJ^J ;
& Se a8e\cpbs 6 o~6s ;
aAAos 5e ris riav
vvv frrjrdpcav tyu (iff yap ovStva ^>rj(Ui. AAAct irpbs rovs ^Sivras, <a xp'tyTrf,
;

Ira [t,7)5fv d\\o flirco, rbv a>vra f^tra^e, Kal rovs Kaff ainbv, (nrep TaAAa
iravra, robs iroii\ras, rovs xP v s> TOVS ayiavicrrds. 'O ftlAt^MM', ou% Sri
FAauKou TOU Kapuffriou Kai rivcav freptav irp6rtpov yeyevijjj.fi'uv
aB\Tfruv
aff8(Vfffrtpos ijv, ao~rt<pdviuros (K rrjs OAu/UTr/as airjfci, aAA' Sri riav fur.
f \06vrtav irpbs avrbv dptffra tfidxero, fffrf<pavovro, Kal VIKUIV
avrjyoptvero.
Kal av irpbs rovs vvv Spa /us /Wjropay, Trpos aaurbf, rpbs uvriva J3ov\fi riav
 DEMOSTHENES.

soul, not with foreign ornaments, but with ornaments suitable to his nature,
such as temperance, justice, fortitude, liberty, and truth : such a one,
being firmly confident of the happiness of his soul, ought to wait peaceably
for the hour of his removal, as being always ready for the voyage, when-
ever his fate calls him. (London, 1763.)

4. DEMOSTHENES. From the Oration on the Crown.

But I am
in danger of being led off from one point to another, so as to

forget my
subject. I say, then, that it was not from poverty that you
refused your contribution, but from the fear of opposing their interests, who
influenced all your public conduct. On what occasion, then, are jou
spirited and shining ? When you are to speak against your country. Then
are westruck with the brilliancy of your eloquence, the power of your
memory, the excellence with which you act your part ; the excellence of a
true dramatic Theocrines.
We have heard his encomiums on the great characters of former times :

and they are worthy of them. Yet it is by no means just, Athenians, to

take advantage of your predilection to the deceased, and to draw the
parallel between them and me, who live among you. Who knows not
that all men, while they yet live, must endure some share of envy, more or
less ? But the dead are not hated even by their enemies. And, if this be
the usual and natural course of things, shall I be tried shall I be
judged
by a comparison with my predecessors? No, ./Eschines, this would be
neither just nor equitable. Compare me with yourself with any, the very
best of your party, and our contemporaries. Consider, whether it be
nobler and better for the state to make the benefits received from our an-
cestors, great and exalted as they are, beyond all expression g-oat, a pre-
tence for treating present benefactors with ingratitude and contempt ; or
to grant a due share of honor and regard to every man, who at any time

approves his attachment to the public.

And yet, if I may hazard the assertion, the whole tenor of my conduct
must appear, on a fair inquiry, similar to that which the famed charactei-s
of old times pursued, and founded on the same principles ; while you have
as exactly imitated the malicious accusers of these great men : for it is
well known that, in those times, men were found to malign all living ex-
cellence, and to lavish their insidious praises on the dead, with the same
base artifice which you have practised. You say, then, that I do not in
the least resemble those great characters. And do you resemble them ? or
your brother ? Do any of the present speakers ? I name none among them :

I urge but this let the living, thou man of candour, be

:
compared with the
living, and with those of the same department. Thus we judge, in every
tase, of poets, of dancers, of wrestlers. Philammon doth not depart from
the Olympian games uncrowned, because he hath not equal
powers with
Glaucus or Katistius, or any other wrestler of former times. No as he :

approves himself superior to those who enter the lists with him, he receives
his crown, and is proclaimed victor. So do you oppose me to the speakers
of these times, to yourself, to any lake ycur most favorite character ;

26
 AHMO2QENOTJ.

t,) Z>v, tire fatv rij ir<5Ai rd &e\Turra t\4a6cu. fapfiv,

Kf>a/j.i\\ov riji (is ryv varpio'a tvvcias tv Koivf iraffi Keifitviis, tyia ra Kpdriffra
\iyuiv t<f>aiv6fj.r)v, Kal TO!S ejuoTs <J/Tj(>io>ta<ri, Kal VO/JLOIS, Kal irptfffiais avav-

ra, SttpKtiro' vfjuav St ovtiels rfv ovSafwv, irA^v TOUTOIS (Trr;ptdffai TI Stoi.

ETe<8)) Se, & ^ITOT" <a(pe\f, ffvvtSi), KaL OVK tn <rvfj.gov\<av, oAAa TWV roty

vmiperovvroiv, Kal TWJ' /caro r^y irarptSoj fjwrQa.pvt'ii' eroi-

\a.Kf{>euf frepovs Pov\o/j.fv<i>v f^eraffts TJV, Trjj'j/coSra <ri, /col

'
(V T(|t, cal fJ-fyas, Kal \a/j.irpbs 'nrirorp6(pos ey&> S' curOtvrjs,

a, aA.\' evvovs jUnXAoc vfj.u>v rovrouri.

Auo S", to dvSpes A6riva?oi, roDra rbv <f>vaei /j.trpiov iro\injv x t *' '*'"

(ourw ydp /uot irept ffjuwrov \tyovri a.v?iri<$>8ov<!rrarrov taceiv) tv fikv TO??

fov<ricus, fty rov yewalov, Kal rfyv rov irporreiov rij ir6\fi irpoalpffftv 5ta<pv-

\drrfiv, tv iravrl St Kaipy Kal irpdfi, rfyv efooiav. Totirou yap TJ (pvtris

Kvpia- rov SvvaffBat 5e Kal urxutw, erepa. TOMTTIV roiwv trap' ejuol fitf**-

vriKvtav evpi\ffeTf air\ws. 'Opart & OVK eatTovfj.tvos, OVK AfupiKTvoviKas

SLicas trrayoVTUv /uot, OVK aTrei\ovvTcav, OVK eirayyf\\ofj,^V(av, ov rovs Kara-

par ovs rovrovs Hffirfp Sijpi'a fMi irpoffa\\6vr<av, ovSafJiws irpoSeSaiKa tyu
r-fjv fts vfnas tvvoiav. Tb yap f apx^r tvOvs op6rjv real SiKaiav rfjv oSbv rrjs
tro\iTeias ti\6/*.r)v, ras rt/dis, TOT Svvaffrtias, ras evo~oias ras rrjs irarpitios

&(pa*evtiv, ravras avtiv, /uera rovrtav eivai. OVK eirl fj^v rots trtpeev tvrv-

X^/tafft <t>at$pbs tyiii Kal yeyyOiiis Kara rr}v ayopav irtpiipxof.at, TI)V 8|iai'

irportivtav, Kal tvayyt\i6fj.tvos rovrois, otis av tKtlaf airayy(\(tv oiu,uai

ruv 5% rfjs ir6\f<as ayaBwv irt<ppiK^is aKovtii, Kal trrevcav, Kal Kvirruv <is rrjv

ynv, Scffittp ol SvfffffSeis ovrot, ot TT)V /j.tv ir6\iv Siaffvpovfftv, &o~irtp ov%
avrovs Siaffvpovrts, orav rovro iroiwffiv, *|co 8^ ftXtirovffi, Kal tv ols OTU^TJ-

ffdvruv ruv 'EAA^j/tov tvTvxil<rtv tripos, ravr' tiraivovcrt, KOI onus rbv airav-

ra xpovov Stafj.tvt't, (paffl Stiv rriptiv.

MI) Sijr', w irdvrts i&eol, /X7)5e!j ravd' v/wv fwtvtvfffitv aAAa fjui\iffra

/j.tv Kal rovrois fttKiite riva vow Kal (pptvas tv6tir)rt' ft 5' dpa txovo~iv oS.
rws avidrws, rovrovs fjitv avrovs KaO' tavrovs efeuAfis KM Trpota\tis tv yfj leal

3aA<TTjj iroii]a-<urf -fifuv 8e rols Kotirols r-fjv raxio~rijv aTraAAay^j/ r<2v einjp.

T-qp-tviev <p6Swv SJre, Kal ffcmrjpiav aff<pa\f,.

 DEMOSTHENES.

still1 assert my superiority. At that period when the state was free to
choose the measures best approved, when we were all invited to engage in
the great contest of patriotism, then did I display the superior excellence
of my counsels, then were affairs all conducted by my decrees, my laws,
my embassies ; while not a man of your party ever appeared, unless to vent
his insolence. But when we had once experienced this unmerited reverse
of fortune ; when this became the place, not for patriot ministers, but for
the slaves of power, for those who stood prepared to sell their country for
a bribe, for those who could descend to certain prostituted compliments ;
then indeed were you and your associates exalted; then did you display
your magnificence, your state, your splendor, your equipage : while I was
depressed, I confess it ; yet still superior to you all in an affectionate attach-
ment to my country.
There are two distinguishing qualities, Athenians, which the virtuou?
citizen should ever possess (I speak in general terms, as the least invi-
dious method of doing justice to myself) : a zeal for the honor and pre-
eminence of the state, in his official conduct ; on all occasions and in all
transactions, an affection for his country. This nature can bestow. Abi-
and success depend on another power. And in this affection you find
lities

me Not the solemn demand of my person ; not the

firm and invariable.
vengeance of the Amphictyonic council, which they denounced against me ;
not the terror of their threatenings ; not the flattery of their promises ; no,
nor the fury of those accursed wretches, whom they roused like wild beasts
against me, could ever tear this affection from my breast. From first to
last, I have uniformly pursued the just and virtuous course of conduct ;
assertor of the honors, of the prerogatives, of the glory of my country ;
sludious to support them, zealous to advance them, my whole being is
devoted to this glorious cause. I was never known to march through the
city with a face of joy and exultation at the success of a foreign power;
embracing and announcing the joyful tidings to those who, I supposed,
would transmit it \o the proper place. I was never known to receive the
success of my own country with tremblings, with sighings, with eyes bending
to the earth, like those impious men who are the defamers of the state, as if

by such conduct they were not defamers of themselves who look abroad,
:

and, when a foreign potentate hath established his power on the calamities
of Greece, applaud the event, and tell us we should take every means to per-
petuate his power.
Hear me, ye immortal gods ! and let not these their desires be ratified in
heaven Infuse a better spirit into these men
! !
Inspire even their minds
with purer sentiments !This is my first prayer. Or, if their natures are
not to be reformed ; on them, on them only discharge your vengeance '

Pursue them both by land and sea ! Pursue them even to destruction ! But
to us display your goodness, in a speedy deliverance from
impending evils,
and all the blessings of protection and tranquillity !
(T. LELAND, D.D.)
 EENO*nNT02.

5. SENO4>riNTOS. E* rrjs Ava/Scursus.

Eirel Sf firl ras ffKyvas airrthOov, ol fjifi> oAAoi irepi TO eirtrfjUita ri<rcu>,

ffrparrtyol tie ical

Aox7<>' <rvvrj\6ov, ol tvrtwBa iroAA)) awopia fy. 'EvBfv

uiv 7&p (5/wj fjv wrepA^Aa, evflev 5e iroro/*Jis rocrovros rb ftdQos, aiy ^irjSe ret

So'para inrfpexeiv ireiptofievois rov fiddovs. Airopov/j.fvots 8e auTa?s irpaff(\9uv

" deAa) ujuoy, w dvSpes, 5iaidffai Ka-rh.
TIS avi]p 'P6Sios ftirfv, Zyu
Afot'j 5irA.iTas, ^v /not S SCO/MI {nrr]pfr-f}<T-rire, KOU rd\avrov fj.iff66v iropiff

OTOU " h.ffK<v

<rOtTO, f(pl),

5e 6p raCro irp6ara, Kal cuyas, Kal &6as, /col <5vouy, a oiroSapcvra Ka2

evTa paXicas ov iraptxoi T^V SuiSaffiv. Aef]ffofcu 5e /cai TtDv Secrf^wv

ovj ap,u(kras tKOffTov acncbr, \idovs apr-f^ffas, /to) oriels Sxnrep tryitvpas,

ets TO i/8a>p 5e ayay&v, /coi aftL^xntpdiOev Sijercy, eirjgoAw SA?)F KO! 7^

eirupop^ffu. "On ^tev GUI' ou coTa8>J(re<r6e, aimica /xaAa dffeffOf. 'O 70^

CKTKOI 81/0 dVSpaj e|ej roD u); KOToSDcai. "Here Se /u^ oAicrfloyeu', ^ SAij a2

Awouffoerj TOVTO TOIS crrpeniyo7s rb /j*v e^i5/i?jjua xopte*' 5oKi eivai, T^ 5*

"Hffoy 70^ KwAutroirfs irfpav jroAAoi ot tint's

ep7ov O&VVO.TOV. oi tiTTreis,

TO?S irptarots ov$tv av cirtrpriroi' rouriav iroteu'.

 XENOPHON.

5. XENOPHON. From the Expedition of Cyrus.

When they came to their tents, the soldiers employed themselves in

getting provisions, and the generals and captains assembled, and were in

great perplexity ;
for on one side of them were exceeding high mountains,

and on the other a river so deep that, when they sounded it with their pikes,

the ends of them did not even appear above the water. While they were in

this perplexity, a certain Rhodian came to them, and " Friends I will
said, !

undertake to carry over four thousand heavy armed men at a time, if

you
will
supply me with what I want, and give me a talent for my pains."

" I "
Being asked what he wanted ;
shall want," says he, 2,000 leathern

bags. I see here great numbers of sheep, goats, oxen, and asses : if these

are flayed, and their skins blown, we may easily pass the river with them.

I shall also want the girts belonging to the sumpter horses : with these,"

added he, " I will fasten the bags to one another, and, hanging stones to

them, let them down into the water instead of anchors ;

then tie
up the bags
at both ends, and, when they are on the water, lay fascines on them and

cover them with earth. I will make you presently sensible," continued he,
" that bear up two men, and the fascines
you cannot sink, for every bag will

and the earth will prevent them from slipping."

The generals, hearing this, thought the invention ingenious, but impossible

to be put in practice, there being great numbers of horse on the other side

of the river to oppose their passage, and these would at once break all thei i

measures. (E. SPEI.MAN, Esq.)

352 'HPOAOTOT.

2. THS IQNIKHS AIAAEKTOT.

'HPOAOTOT. APIflN.

E,Tvpdvveve Se 6 UeplavSpos Kopivdov T$ 5^ \eyovffi KopivBiot, (ojto-

\oyeovffi tie ffipt AfffSioi,) ei>

r<j> Pitp,&uvu.a peyiffTOV trapaff-rrivau.- APIONA
rbv yii}9vv.vaLiov trrl Se\<ptvos eeveixOevra eirl
Taivapov, ebWa KiQaptfSbv TUV
rorf edvTuv ovSevbs Sevrepov, Kal Si8vpa/j.ov, irpurov avdpuiruv ruv ijfiL(7s

lS/j.tv, troiriffavrd rf Kai ovondaavra Kal 5i5<|ara ev KoplvOy.

Tovrov rbv Apiova. \4yovffi, rbv iro\\bv TOV xp6vov SiarpiGovra irapa

TlepidvSpef, tiriOvfj.ria'a.i irAwcrcu es lra\ti)v re Kal 2tice\iri>> fpyaffdfJLtvov Sf

'
Xp^juora fj.eya\a, ^X?)(rcu oiri<ra> es K.6piv6ov cnriUfffOtu 'OppaffBat pfv vvv
tK TdpavTos, iriardiovra. Se ov8a/j.oi<rt /uoAAoi' ^ KopivQiouri, ntffduffaffBai
ir\oiov avfipuv K.opu>6i(av. Toi/s 5e tv T<p irt\tiyft ftriSovXevfiv, rbv Apiova

fica\6vTas, fXfiv rck xpfi/j-ara. bv 8e, avvtvra. TOVTO, \icrfffff8ai, XPV'

uara juey irpoiwrd ript, ^wxV 8e irapair6fj.tvov. OVKUV S$) velQfiv avrbv

Tovroiffi, a\\a Kf\tveiv robs iropB/jifas ))

avrbv SiaxpuffOai fjuv, us av Tafyfjs

(v yfj Ti/xy, ) fKirijtiav es rfiv &dXaa<ra.v, ri)v -ra.-)(\.an\v.

AireiATjOei/Ta S rbv Apiova es oiropirjc, irapaiTricraffOat, eiretS?) ff<f>i

ovrta

tioKtoi, ffpiiSfeiv avrdv, ev rp ffKtvfj itdcy, ffrdvra tv Toiiffi fS<a\iourt, afiaai-

'
asicras 5e, vireSfKfro ttavrbv xarfpydcraffBai val, tdlai fffeXdtiv yap ^80-
vrjv, ei (j.f\\otfv oKovfffffOai TOV apicrrov avOpdnrwv aoiSoD, avax*ipijffai tK

TTJS -rp{ifj.v7js
ts fjifffijv cea. Toe 5e, fvSvvra re iruaav Trflt dKfvflv, Kal AaS^jra

Trjv KiQdpTjv, ffrdvra ev roiffi f$(i>\iotffi t 8ie|eX6ew' vofj-uv r&v 6pdtov. TtAeu-
T&ITOS Se TOV v6/jLOv, ptyai fav s T'ffv &d\a<Tffa>> tuvTov, us e <X e > ovv T ?

ffKtvfj TrAffTf Kal TOVS fJ-fv air<m\ffiv es KopivBov.

Tov Sf $f\(piva Keyovffi, inro\aS6vTa, ffveiKot firl

Taivapov. AtroSdv-ra.

Se avrov, xP'"' *s KopivBov, ffvv TJJ ffKfvy- Kal aniK^nevov airtiyft<r6ai

irav TO yeyov6's. TlfpiavSpov Se, VTTO airitTT/Tjy, Apiova p.tv (v <pv\aKrl

(X ftv > ovSafiT) fjitTievra, avaKtas 5e fX ftv r v "fopQ[i.(<av . 'fls Se dpa irapfivcu

avrovs K\T]6evras, IffTopeeaQai ei n \eyoiev irepl Apiovos

'
^a^fvoiv Se eKei-
vtav us fit) Te o~us irepl \Ta\ii\v, Kai fi.iv ev irp^ffffovra \'arotev ev Tdpayrt,

firupavrjvai ff<pi TOV Apiova, Sxnrep exuv (eTrf]Sii<rf. Kal TOVS, eKir\aytvTas,
OVK e'x' en, e\eyx<>Hfvovs, apveeffQat.
TaDra /ueV vw KopivBtoi Te Kal Atfftoi heyovffi. Kal Apiovos fffTt avd-
v t ou M*7 a lr '
Taivdpy, evl $e\<p'u'os eireuv dvSpuiros.
 HERODOTUS. 353

2. IONIC.

HERODOTUS. Arion.

Periander was king of Corinth and the Corinthians say, that a most
:

astonishing thing happened there in his time, which is also confirmed by

lie Lesbians. Those people give out, that Arion of Methymna, who was
econd to none of his time in playing on the harp, and who was the first,
lhat we are acquainted with, who composed, named, and taught the Dithy-
rambic measure at Corinth, was brought on shore at Taenarus upon the
back of a dolphin.
They say, that Arion, having continued long with Periander, was de
sirous of making a voyage to Italy and Sicily where when he had acquired
great riches, determining to return to Corinth, he went to Tarentum, ana
hired a ship of certain Corinthians, because he put more confidence in
them than in any other nation. But these men, when they were in the
open sea, conspired together to throw him overboard and seize his money,
which he no sooner understood, than offering them all his treasure, he
only begged they would spare his life. But the seamen, being inflexible,
commanded him either to kill himself, that he might be buried ashore, or
to leap immediately into the sea.
Arion, reduced to this hard choice, most earnestly desired, that, having
determined his death, they would permit him to dress in his richest apparel,
and to sing to them, standing on the poop of the ship, promising to make
away with himself when he had done. The seamen, pleased that they
should hear a song from the best singer in the world, granted his request,
and went from the stern to the middle of the vessel. In the mean time,
Arion, having put on all his robes, took up his harp and performed the
Orthian strain ; at the end of the air he leaped into the sea as he was.
and the Corinthians continued their voyage homeward.
They say, a dolphin received him on his back, and carried him to Tae-
narus ; where he went on shore, and thence proceeded to Corinth without
changing his clothes, and upon his arrival there he related the whole of
what had happened to him ; but that Periander, giving no credit to his
relation, put him under close confinement, and took especial care to find
out 'the seamen that, when they appeared before him, he inquired if they
:

could give any information concerning Arion ; and they answering, that
they had left him with great riches at Tarentum, and that he was un-
doubtedly safe in some part of Italy, Arion at that instant appeared before
them in the very dress he had on when he leaped into the sea ; at which
they were so astonished, that being fully convicted, they could no longer
deny the fact.
These things are reported by the Corinthians and Lesbians ; in con-
firmation of which, a stiitue of Arion, made of brass, and of a moderate
size, representing a man sitting upon a dolphin, is at Taenarus.

(Oxford, 1824.)
3,3 j.,
'HPOAOTOT.

HPOAOTOT. 0HKH TOT OPE2TEfl.

Eirj87j cutl rf iro\f(up effffovvro ol SirapTtTjrai fab TeyeTfrewv, irf

Seoirp6trovs fs AeX^ovs, firftp-jiTeoi> riva &v Qeiav i\a.adp.tvoi, Karinrfpdf r<f

iro\ffuj> Tfyftirfwv yevotaro. 'H 8e Tlvdir} fftyt e'x/wjcre, ra Opttrrtu rov Aya-
fjiifuiovos oaria firayayofievovs. 'fly 6e avzvptiv ov% oloi re eytvfaro rfyv di\Kriv
rov Qpftrreu, Vf}iirov O.VTIS rrjv es Qebv eireipijcro/ieVoiis rbv x^pov fv rtf Kfono
6 O/Jerrijj. EipwrcDcri 8e raCra Toiai Sfoirp6iroiffi \fyei TJ IIi/StTj rd8f
'EffTi ns Ap/ca5i7js Teyeri Aeupiji tvl x^>PV>
'
tvO dvffj.01 irveiovtri Svo Kpareprjs far" avayicris,

Kal "rinros avrirviros Kal irijfri.'

etrl ir^art Kctreu,
'
tvd Ayafj.ep.voi>i5r)v Kare'^ej Qvcrtfyos a?a.

Tbv <rv Konurffd/j.fi'os, Ttyf-ris eiriTdp'poBos etrtn?.

'fli 8e /cal
TOtrroJ i\Kovao.v ol AaKeSaiyuci^iot, aire?x
o '/ T^S efeupecrtos ouScv
iXcMTcro^, irdvra Siffipfvoi ts ov S^i Aix??s avevpe ev Ttyey, Kcd avtnvxiri

yn)<rd/jiei>os Kal ffo<ply. Eownjs yap TOVTOV -rbv ^f&vov tirimii\s irpos roi/s

Ttyefjras, f\8&v es x^'^?'<', (OijeiTO ffiSrjpov f^e\aw6fj.(i'ov. Kal ev Sui/pari

T\V, 6pttav rb iroit6fi.evov. MaBwv 8e fJ.iv 6 x"^ f ^ s a'foBuvfj.d^ovra, t"iire

vavffd/jifvos TOV epyov, ""H KOV av, <a tive Adicwv, eiirtp eTSes r6irep tyu,

xdpra, av 9<t>6/Mies, SKOV vvv ovrca rvyxdveis focavfia iroifvpfvos rfyv epyafflyv
TOV ffL$Tipov. Eyw yap fv rpSe &e\wv Ty av\fj (ppeap TroiriffatrQai, opvffarwv

vwf-rwxov ffoptf fTrraTrrixf'i- 'ficb 8 aTriffrii]! ph fj.ev yevtadai /iijSojuo

(j,fova$ avOpcairovs TUV vvv, avtf^a. ain^v, Kal fiSov rbv vfKpbv /u.^i' rof

t&vra TTJ crops, yierpfiffas Sf, ffvv&X'affa oiriaw."

'O nfv Sij ol e\tye rdirep airtairee. 'O 8e tvvdtffas ra \fy6/j.tva, ffWfSaX-
\fro rbv Op^ffTta. Kara rb ^eoirpoiriov rovrov eivai, rfjSf ffv/j,Sa\\f6fj.fvos.

Tou x *- 1*^ * $60 vpstav tyvaas, rovs ave^ovs evpiiTKt e6vras rbv 5e
Ka.1 ryv ffipvpav, rov re rinrov Kal rbv avrirvirov rbv 8 ft\avv6fj.fvov ffiS

rb inj/j.a citl irfifiart Ktififvov, Kara roiovSe rt fiKafav, aiy eirl KOKtf avOp'Jnrov

ffiSripos avevprjrai.

2vu.6a\\e6/ji.fvos 8^ ravra, Kal aire\dwv fs 2irdprr]v, f(ppae AaKeSainoviotffi.

itav rb TrpTJytna. Ol Se, fK \6yov ir\affrov eireveiKavrts ol airier, ffiitaav.

'O Sf, airiK&fifvos es Tfytriv, /col <f>pdcav rrjv evvrov crvfj.<popi]v irpbs rbv

Xa\Kta, t/j.L(T6ovro irap OVK K$i$6vros r^v av\riv. XpSvcp 8e us aveyvtefft,

fVoiKicrBri. Avop6as Sf rbv rdipov, Kal ra offrfa <rwAAe|as, OIX*TO <pep<av ts

'Sirdprijv. Kal airb rovrov rov XP OVOV % KO>S eiuireipyaro oAA^Xwi', iro\\$
>

Karvirtprcpoi ry iro,\6jU<i) eyii'ovro ol AaKto'ai.uoviOi.

 HERODOTUS.

HERODOTUS. The Coffin of Orestes.

Having repeatedly been defeated by the Tegeans, they sent to consult the
Delphic Oracle, what particular Deity they had to appease to become victo-
rious over their adversaries. The Pythian assured them of success, if they
brought back the body of Orestes, son of Agamemnon. Unable to discover
his tomb, they sent a second time to inquire concerning the place of his
interment. The following was the oracular communication :

A plain within th' Arcadian land I know,

Where double winds with forced exertion blow,
Where form form with mutual strength replies,
to
And ill
by other
ills
supported lies :

That earth contains the great Atrides' son ;

Take him, and conquer Tegea then is won: !

After the above, the search for the body was without intermission con-
tinued : it was at length discovered by Lichas, who made the wished-for
discovery, partly by good fortune, and partly by his own sagacity. They
had at this time a commercial intercourse with the Tegeans ; and Lichas
happening to visit a smith at his forge, observed with particular curiosity
the process of working the iron. The man took notice of his attention,
and desisted from his labour. " Stranger of Sparta," said he, " you seem
to admire the art which you contemplate ;
but how much more would your
wonder be excited, if you knew all that I am able to communicate Near !

this
place as I was sinking a well, I found a coffin seven cubits long. I
never believed that men were formerly of larger dimensions than at present ;
but when I opened it, I discovered a body equal in length to the coffin : I

correctly measured it and placed it where I found it."

Lichas, after hearing his relation, was induced to believe that this was
the body of Orestes, concerning which the Oracle had spoken. He was
farther persuaded, when he recollected that the bellows of the smith might
intimate the two winds ;
the anvil and the hammer might express one form
opposing another the iron also, which was beaten, might signify ill suc-
;

ceeding ill, rightly conceiving that the use of iron operated to the injury of
mankind.
With these ideas in his mind he returned to Sparta, and related the matter
to his countrymen ; who immediately, under the pretence of some imputed

crime, sent him into banishment. He returned to Tegea, told his misfortune
to the man, and hired the ground, which he at first refused
positively to part
with. He resided there for a certain space of time, when, digging up the
body, he collected the bones, and returned with them to Sparta. The Lace-
daemonians had previously obtained possession of a great part of the Pelopon-
nesus ; and after the above-mentioned event their contests with the Tegeans
were attended with uninterrupted success.
(Rev. W. BELOE.)
3,; 6

3. TAS AHPIKAS AIAAEKTH.

0TP2I2 nOIMAN, KAI AIIIOAO2.

ST. 'AAY rt rb \j/i0vpiff/j.a KO! a.

irirvs, anr6\f, nijv
a worl TOIS irayaitri /j.(\laSfrai' aSb 5 Kal TV
ffvpiffSfs /xera Flai/a rb SfvTtpov a0\ov airoio"fj .

tUKa TIJVOS e\jj icepabv Tpdyov, aiya TV \atyfj.

1
ai/ta 5 a?7a \dp rf/vos ytpa.s, ts re Kmajipei

AI. aStoi', eD iroin&v, rb rfbv (i.f\os, ^ rb xara

TT)V' atrb raj irerpas Kara\fifTai inj/66ev v
aiKa TO.I Mcucrai -rb.v oi'iSa Scapov dycavrai,
'
cipva rb awvrav \afyfj ytpas at 5e apeffi
TT/PCUS dpva \aSeiv, TV Se T&V 6lv vffTtpov o

0T. Apr, TTOTI TJ/ vvfjupav, \ijs, aiir6\f, roESe

wy rb KaTWTes roCro ytuKoipov, re ,
/uupTx-
-
ffvpiffStv }
Tiis 5" a?yas ryaii' ev riji

AI. ou &e/jus, S> iroincus, rb (ttffmfXtgufa',

ov Se'uis d/
a-vpiffbtv Tbv Uava SeSoiKafj.fi- rj yap air* <fypas
Ta.vi.Ka KCK^ouc^r o/xirausrai' fi/rJ Se wiKpbs,
Kai ol ael Spifjifia x^- a iforl bivl KaQyTai.
o\\o, TU yap S^, Qvpai, TO. &d<pvi5os d\yea fiSts
nal TOV /SaiKoAiKuy eTrl rb ir\tov 'iKfo /litoeras,
Sevp', uirb T^V TTTeXeaf effSd>/j.t6a, TU T* Hptdirw
Kal TO.V KpavidSuv /caTepcwrioc, 7rep 6 &UKOS
'
T7JVOS TTOtfKVlKbs Kal Tal 8p\JfS' Oi 5f Oi<r7)J,
TTOKa Tbv AiGvaOe irori XpOfitv qcras fplffScaf,
j

dtyd Tt TOI Saxrw 5tSvjuMT6Kov ts rpls o/u.eA.|ai,

'
&, Sv'fx 010 fpi<pws, iroro/x\|eTat j Svo ire\Aoj
j3a9u KUTffvSiov, KfK\vffu.tvov aSfi Kapcf,
fcal

au^iej, vforeux* 5 . * TI 7A.u(fcu'O(o irorJffSo*''

TO) irepl /Kfv X*^7 ) f-apu'fTO.1 fy66t Ktfftrbs,
Kitnrbr tAixpuffv KtKoviafj.fvo s aSf KUT' avrbv

ev Sf yvva, T\ dfiav So.'SaX^a, T^TUKTOI,

T6 cal duTrvtci Trap St ol dvSpts

vt inflow* firffffcri ret 5* ov <(>ptvbs STTTSTOJ aurar.

aAAofca fj.tv TTJVOV TroTtStpKerot d^Spa 7* \tvo~a,
a\\OKa 5* oC TTOT! Tbvpnrrfi v&ov ol 5" WTT' tp
 THEOCRITUS.

3. DORIC.
THEOCRITUS.

The Shepherd Thyrsis, and a Goatherd.

THYKSIS. Sweet are the whispers of yon vocal pine,

Whose boughs, projecting o'er the springs, recline :

Sweet is thy warbled reed's melodious lay ;

Thou, next to Pan, shall bear the prize away :

If to the god a horn'd he-goat belong,

The gentler female shall reward thy song ;
If he the female claim, a kid 's
thy share.
And, till you milk them, kids are dainty fare.
GOATHERD. Sweeter thy song, O shepherd, than the rill
That rolls its music down the rocky hill ;

If one white ewe content the tuneful Nine,

A lamb, meet recompense, is thine ;
stall-fed
And, if the Muses claim the lamb their due,
My gentle Thyrsis shall obtain the ewe.
THYRSIS. Wilt thou on this declivity repose,
Where the rough tamarisk luxuriant grows,
And gratify the nymphs with sprightly strain ?
I '11 feed thy goats, and tend the browsing train.
GOATHERD. 1 dare not, dare not,
shepherd, grant your boon ;

Pan's rage I fear, who always rests at noon ;

When, tired with hunting, stretch'd in sleep along, (

His bitter rage will burst upon :

my song
But well you know love's pains, which
Daphnis rues,
You the great master of the rural muse.
Let us beneath yon shady elm retreat,
Where nature forms a lovely pastoral seat,
Where sculptured Naiads and Priapus stand.
And groves of oak extending o'er the land ;
There if you sing as sweetly as of yore,
When you the prize from Libyan Chromis bore,
This goat with twins I '11 give, that never fails
Two kids to suckle, and to fill two pails :

To these I '11 add, with scented wax o'erlaid,

Of curious workmanship, and newly made,
A deep two-handled cup, whose brim is crown'd
With ivy, join'd with helichryse
around ;
Small tendrils with
close-clasping arms uphold
The fruit rich
speckled with the seeds of gold j
Within, a woman's well-wrought image shines,
A vest her limbs, her locks a caul confines ;
And near, two neat-curl'd youlhs in amorous strain
With fruitless strifecommunicate their pain :

Smiling, by turns, she views the rival pair ;

Grief swells their eyes, their heavy hearts
despair.
358 0EOKPITOT.

roTs S< fj,4ra ypnrevs re ytpow, irerpa re TeYwcroi

\firpa.s, (' & (Tirei/Sow fieya SIKTVOV es $<j\ov 'i\Kft
6 irpfffSva, Kdfj.vovTi rb Kaprepbv avSpl eoiKtas.
tpairis Kfv yvlwv vlv oaov crBevos e \\OTTK veu>
58t 01 cpbfiKavTi Kar' av^fva irdvro9tv IKS,
Kai iro\i$ irep e6vrr rb St aOtvos diot> &6as.
TvrBbv 6 ftffffov airiaBev aAirpinou) ytpovros
Jfvpvalcus <r-rajQ>v\<uffi KO.XOV /3epi6fv aAoia-
Tckv o\lyos ris Kwpos e<p' ai/uacrtauri <t>v\da<rei
'
Tflfj.fvos a/LujA Se fjuv Sti a\ttrn-eitfs a /ntv ca>'
<5px wj
<foJTJj, fftvo/jLeva rav a 6, tirl iri]pa.v
Tpdi^iiJLOV
irdvra. 86\oi> Tebxoura, T& iraiSiov ov irplv a.vrjffnv
<parl, irplv ^ 'vdpiffrov firl
{7jpori icafli'^j;.

avrap Sy' avBtpiicfcrfft Ka\av TrAe'/cet cucpiSo&fipav,

ffxoivtp f(t>ap/jL6aS<ai' /ueAcrai Si 01 ovre n irfipas,
ovre QVTWV roffffijvov, uffov TTtpl Trhtyfwri yadf't.
iravra S" a^upl Sfiras irepnrfTrrarai vypos dKavCcs,
Ato\tK6v n
ddrj/j.a- repay i(4 TV S>vfj.uv arvfcu.

r<f (iff ty&> iropBfjLft Ka\v5ii>vi(p cuyd T* t'SoNca

'
tavov, Kal Tvp6ei>ra fusyav \tvKoio yd\aKros
oi5* Vi Tra irorl x*^
s f fbv Siytv, aAA' trt Kcrrat

&Xpcu>TOV T<f Kfv TV juaAa trpdfypivv apfffaifMV,

auctv fMi ri/ <f)i\os rbv f>i/j.(pov vfivov aeiays.
Kotf TOI T\ (pdoveu' itbrarf , la 'yafle. rav yap ao
oi5Tt ira s AiSaf ye rbv fK\e\a,06vra. <f>i/

@T. dpxere /3uiKo\iKus, Muxrcu <pi\ai, dpxrr' aoiSas.

Ovpms 88' i'| Airvas, /cal upcnSos 35' a <puvd.
iroi iro/c'
op' ^0' OKO Atwfi'js era/ceTO, ira iroica, vvp$t
* '
ij Kara I\T]vfiSiKa\d re/iirea, ^ Kai
ov yap 87) TTorafj-oio neyav p6ov e/x
owS" Airvas ffKOirtdv, 01/8" 'AiciSos It

dpxeTf fki>Ko\iKas, Mwffai (pi\ai, d,

TTJVOV IJMV dues, rfjvov \VKOI (apvffa.

Trjvov x&> 'K Spvpoto AeW
avtK\av<T(
 THEOCRITUS.

Plard by, a fisherman, advanc'd in years,

On the rough margin of a rock appears ;
Intent he stands to enclose the fish below,
Lifts a large net, and labours at the throw :

Such strong expression rises on the sight,

You 'd think the man
exerted all his might ;
For his round neck with turgid veins appears-
In years he seems, yet not impair'd by years.
A vineyard next, with intersected lines,
And red ripe clusters, load the bending vines ;
To guard the fruit a boy sits idly by,
In ambush near two skulking foxes lie ;
This plots the branches of ripe grapes to strip ;
But that, more daring, meditates the scrip ;
Resolv'd ere long to seize the savoury prey.
And send the youngster dinnerless away :

Meanwhile on rushes all his art he plies,

In framing traps for grasshoppers and flies ;
And, earnest only on his own designs,
Forgets his satchel, and neglects his vines :

All round the soft Acanthus spreads its train

This cup, admired by each jfcolian swain,
From far a Calydonian sailor brought,
For a she-goat and new-made cheese I bought ;

No lip has touch'd it, still unused it stood ;

To you I give this master-piece of wood,
If you those Himeraean strains rehearse
Of Daphnis' woes I envy not your verse
Dread fate, alas !
may soon demand your breath,
And close your music in oblivious death.
THYRSIS. Begin, ye Nine, that sweetly wont to play,
Begin, ye Muses, the bucolic lay.
"
Thyrsis my name, to ./Etna I belong,
Sicilian swain, and this is Thyrsis' song :"
Where were ye, nymphs, in what sequester'd grove ?
Where were ye, nymphs, when Daphnis pined with love ?
Did ye on P Indus steepy top reside?
Or where through Tempe Peneus rolls his tide ?
For where the waters of Anapus flow,
Fam'd streams ye play'd not, nor on Etna's brow
!
;

Nor where chaste Acis laves Sicilian plains

Begin, ye Muses, sweet bucolic strains :
Him savage panthers in wild woods bemoan'd :
For him fierce wolves in hideous howlmgs groan'd :

His fate fell lions mourn'd the livelong day.

(F. FAWKES, ESQ.)

 2AI1*OTS.

4. TA2 AIOAIKAS AIAAEKTfl.

2An*OTS. Eis A^poStTW.

HoiKi\6<ppov, aQdvar" A.<ppo$ira,

irdi Albs SoAoirAd/ce, \iff(ro/j.ai rt
'
l
fti; fj.' dffaiffi, ;u.7j5 ovlaiffi Sd/j.va t

ir6rvta, &v/j.6v

a\\a TvlS' tvO', ai TTOKO. Kartpwra

ras euar avSas diotora TroAAas

fK\ves, irarpSs re SJjuoi/ \aroiaa,

Xpvcreov, fjvdfs,

2 Ka\ol 8e r ayov
dp/j.' virofffciiKffacra.

uKees <TTpw0oi, TrepJ yos /j.f \aivas

irvKvk Sivewres irr'tp air upavw &e-
pevs 5<a /xetrtrai.

cuirtra 8' fKffiKOVTO" rb 5', a> /j.aKaipa,

fjLfiStdffaff' adavdrcp irpoa&irip

fjpev 6rn T' ijv, rb iteirovQa., K&rri

8?) re Kd\ri/u,

K&m fifv fjid\iffr' efle'Aa)

yfVfffBai
.w rlvos av rv irfiBoi

(pi\6rara ;
ris r, <a

KO) ykp at ipevyei, raxtw Sui^ei,

ai 8e Supa fj.rj Se^er', aAAcb Scafffi,

cu 8^ n^ ^'Ae?, raxfois <pt\dffti

KOVK (Qf\Olff(U>.

ev6e fwt /col vw, xaAeiroc re Awrov

tK jj.fpifj.vav 6fftra. 8e pot rt\t'tff8a.i

Suubs in.4fipei, r4\eaov, rv 8* ovrek

0-v/j.u.axos iff ao.

of actauri.
4
^Eolic fonn of i57ro^fi5{(
 SAPPHO.

4. JEOLIC.

SAPPHO. To Venus.
Immortal Venus, skill'd to twine
The wiles of love's inconstant art ;

No more with cares and pains subdue

This throbbing heart.

Haste now, if e'er my suppliant voice

With pity touch'd thy gentle mind ;

"When, leaving Jove's all-radiant dome,

Thou earnest kind.

Thy car the beauteous sparrows drew

Round the dark earth from aery height ;
As thro' " the liquid noon" they waved
Their pinions light

Instant they touch'd my roof, while thou

With soul-subduing smile didst say,
" What asks What new
my Sappho ?
grief
Is thine to-day ?

What would that restless, madd'ning soul ?

Whom would thy tongue persuasive move

To soft desire ? Who, Sappho, who
Hath wrong'd thy love 1

What tho' he flee, he soon shall seek,

And proffer gifts he spurn'd before ;
And, careless now, thy coyer charms
Shall woo the more."

Come then ;
relieve my lab'ring breast
From this deep woe thy hand has made ;

And lend to every anxious wish

Thy gentle aid. (H. H. Bal. Coll. 1830.)

 362

PORSON'S CRITICAL CANONS.

FROM THE CLASSICAL JOURNAL, vol. xxxi. p. 136142.

ff ~f><r
\. THETragic writers never use^Sff hrJStf, nor TT for off. Thus they
never said Xftyovytriav for nor irfdrria for Hec. 8.
X^ronjtrfov, i^tiffcru.
2. In systems of anapests they do not always use, nor do they always
discard, the Doric dialect Hec. 100.
3. They are partial to the introduction of the
particle
rot in gnomes, or
general reflections. Hec. 228.
4. The forms Svva, Sdu.va, and the 2nd pers. sing. pres.. indie, from verbs
in a/xat are more Attic than Svvri, &c. Hec. 253.
5. The Homeric sometimes found in the tragic writers, contrary
7j5e is
to the assertion of Valckenaer, Phoen. 1683. Hec. 323.
6. The tragic writers loved the harsh and antiquated forms of words
they therefore preferred the 1st to the 2nd aorist passive ; and the 2nd
aorist pass, is consequently very seldom used omjAAayjjj' sometimes oc-
:

curs. Hec. 335. Phasn. 986.

7. The participle &>v is seldom found in conjunction with another par-

ticiple. Hec. 358.

8. "Oirws and onus (ify are generally joined with the 2nd person of the
fut. tense, sometimes with the third, seldom with the first 6$a.Tf<ii> (ff-rl,:

or some expression of the same kind, may be conceived as understood in

this idiom :as
(rnoia Kiffffos farces TijffS' c|ojuat. Hec. 398.
8pi5os,
9. re fjLtv roi these three particles are very frequently met with toge-
:

ther in Sophocles and Euripides, -ye roi TI never. Hec. 598.

10. is masculine, when it signifies the corpse of either a male or
NeKpbs
a female. Where veKpbv occurs in the neuter gender, L. Bos would under-
stand ffcafMa. Hec. 665.
11. rioG denotes rest, xoT motion iro is used in both senses.
: Thus iroC
ffrdurei, trot Se j8d<m ; Phil. 833. Hec. 1062.
12. Instead of ifSei/uej/, jtSeire, pSeow, the Attics used the contracted
forms jjtr/tev, pore, fjffav. Hec. 1094.
13. Several verbal adjectives, as uiroirroj, trur-rbs, fu/j.irrbs, tfUphrtopcros,
and gome others are found with an active as well as passive signification.
Hec. 1117.
14. The ancient Attic writers never used the neuter plural with a verb
plural, except in case of animals. Hec. 1141.
15. The particle urj giving the sense of the imperative accompanies the
1st or 2nd aorists subjunctive, and the present imperative, but never the
present subjunctive, or 2nd aorist imperative. There are some few instances
of /) with the 1st aorist The Attic writers said,
imperative.
JUT) /x*V"J'?7 /"? K<*MIS not /IT) (if/MpTi
/XT) fJLffJiCflOU JUT) Kd/J.f.
Sometimes /UT) /*ejui|/cu. Hec. 1166.
16. The syllable of icros in the tragic and comic writers
first is
always
short : in composition it is sometimes long. Orest. 9.
17. The Attic writers preserved some Doric forms in their dialect
 PORSON'S CANONS. 3^3
thus they always said, A6d.v&, Sapbs, e/cdri, Kvvaybs, iroSaybs, \oxaybs,
evdyb$, oTrdSbs, and not A.6-fivr], Srjpbs, &c. But, though they had the form
Kvvdybs and ABdva, they used Kvvtryfrijs and Mrjvaia. Orest. 26.
18. In the formula of adjuration, viz. irpbs with a genitive case, the article
with the noun is seldom omitted by the comic, and never expressed by the
tragic writers. Orest. 92.
19. Adjectives, such as /MVI&S, tdSos, are of three genders, though they
are less frequently used in the neuter iJ.avia.ffiv \vtrff-fifMffi. Spo/j.dffi /3Ae-
:

tpdpots. Ores*. 264.

20. Te/coucra is never used by Euripides absolutely for /J.'firrtp. Orest.
285.
21. The active verb is often found instead of the middle, the personal

pronoun being understood : as

Kal vvv ewoKoAvTrr', u KaffiyvrjTOV itdpd,
and now uncover, sc. yourself. Orest. 288.
22. The tragic writers used the form in otpco, not in aivia : thus they saio.
exOaipu, not exfyaiVw. But tnev use^ the form aivca in preference to
vaivia thus they said urxatvt>, not uryya.(v<a.
: Orest. 292.
23. When the discourse is hastily turned from one person to another,
the noun is placed first, then the pronoun, andthen the particle as :

MeyeAae, <rol tie raSe \eyia. Orest. 614.

24. The different governments and usages of Set and xp^'
Homer only once used 5e?, and then an infinitive mood is subjoined. II.
i. 337. He very frequently used xf") w ith an infin., and with an accusa-
tive of the person and genitive of the thing as also XP " with tne accusa-
-.

tive and genitive. Euripides has once imitated this form. Hec. 962. :

aAAck -ris XP 6t'<* <*' W" ('

e - dytt).
The Greeks in common said 8e? arot rovSf. ^Eschylus seems first to have
altered this, by using the ace. of the person and gen. of the thing, avrbv
7ctp o-e SeT irpofjcrjOfODS (Prom. 86.); and to have been followed by Euri-
pides.
The Attic poets never use \pr\ with a genitive thus, orov xp^t> S Ae- :

ytiv wrong, and should be altered to frrov 8e?, xp^l Aeyeu'. Orest. 659.
is

25. The enclitic re in the ancient Greek writers never follows a pre-
position, unless that preposition commences the member of a sentence.
Thus they said,
v T ir6\eos ctpx a ' J
or tv ir^Aedr re apxaus
but not wdAeoj tv T' apx a ' s Orest. 887. -

26. Verbs denoting motion take after them an accusative of the instru-
ment or member which is chiefly used: as, ira ir<$8' ew<]i|ay, (Hec. 1073.)
where ir68' is put for ir65a, and not for TroSi. Orest. 1427.
27. The tragic writers seldom prefix the article to proper names, except
for emphasis, or at the beginning of a sentence. Phasn. 145.
28. The tragic writers do not admit of a hiatus after rl, thus they did
not say Kayb -rl ov $p<ai>, nor did they ask a question simply by (5iro?os :

wherever the question is asked, biroios must be written in two words, &
Trows, not uTrotos. Pham. 892.
29. Avrbs is frequently used absolutely for fj.6vos ; and yet avrbs /j.6vos
is not a taulologous Phaen. 1245.
expression.
30. The article forms a crasis with a word beginning with alpha,
only
when the alpha is short thus, no tragic writer would say TaflAa for ra
:

R 2
 PORSON'S CANONS.

a0\a, because the penult of a.S\ov is long, the word being contracted from
dt6\oy. P/icEfi. 1277.

31. Kal irias, and trias Kal, have very different meanings Kal irias is used :

in asking a question which implies an objection or contradiction to the

preceding remark as, Kal trios ytvoir' av rtavSf Svcrrror/jMTtpa ; where

:

Creon's question is an implied affirmation that the messenger's previous

remark was not true. But iris /col asks some additional information as, :

Kal trtirpaKTai SITTTI/XOJJ' vaiStov <p6vos ;

irias

In this latter sense Kal follows the interrogatives ris, irias, trot, trov, ircitos.
Sometimes between the interrogative and Kal, 5e is inserted. Phcen. 1373.
32. 'fls is never used for eis or irpbs, except in case of persons. Homer
has the first instance of this Atticism. Od. P. 218.
'fis aifl -rbv o^otov dytt Qebs us rbv 6/j.diov. Phcen. 1415.
33. The copulative /col never forms a crasis with eD, except in words
compounded with eC : it never makes a crasis with aei. Phxn. 1422.
34. AAAa (J.riv, Kal /J.TIV, ovSe /j.rjv, ov fj.TJv, are frequently found in a sen-
tence, with the addition of the particle yt, but never except where another
word is interposed thus, :

ov JUTJI/ crv 7' 1)1*0.5 TOVS TfK&vras TjSetro). ur. Alope.

Phoen. 1638.
35. Porson prefers to adscribe, rather than subscribe the iota a prac- :

tice which was either universally adopted, or the iota entirely omitted in
the more ancient Mss. The subscription of the iota does not seem to have
been earlier than the 10th century. Med. 6.
36. Porson writes t,vv instead of aw, both in and out of composition,
where the metre and smoothness of numbers will permit but in Iambic ;

metre, not so as to introduce a spondee where there might be an Iambus.

Med. 11.
37. The tragic writers in iambic, trochaic, or legitimate anapaestic verse,
never admit before a vowel, either in the same or in different words.
irepi
In the choral odes they rarely admit a verb or substantive of this kind of
composition very rarely an adjective or adverb. Med. 284.
38.The distinction between SiSocrKco and 5i5acr/ccyiai is this :

The master SiSaovcei (teaches) the boy.

The father SiSa^/cerca causes his son to be taught ; though this distinc-
tion is not always observed by the poets. Med. 297.
39. There are several nouns which in the singular are only masc. or
feminine, but in the plural are neuter: as, $i<ppos, Sttypa; /cwcAos, KVK\O.;
Kf\fv6os, Kf \ev8a ; Secr/j^s, Sar^a ; ff'tros, OTTO.. Med. 494.
40. Mt8ir)/M in the active voice governs an accusative in the middle a
in the line
genitive case :

'Ayovcriv ov /J.f6fi' av e/c 7010$ e/ue :

the pronoun e/ue is the accusative after the participle dyovtri, not after fifdflo.
The truth is, that, when two verbs governing different cases refer equally
to the same noun, the Greeks, in order to avoid an inharmonious repetition
of the proper name or pronoun, give it only once governed by one of the
verbs, and omit it with the other. Med. 734.
41. The tragic writers never use tne form in v<a for that in V/JLL (thus
they do not say o/w/eo, but 6/j.w/j.t) the writers of the old comedy use it
:

very seldom those of the middle, oftener those of the new, very often.
Med. 744.
42. "Ayios and 07^5 are sometimes interchanged in the earlier editions ;
 PORSON'S CANONS. 365
but 07*0$ is very rarely used by the Attic never by the tragic writers.
Med. 750.
43. All compound adjectives ending in os were anciently declined with
three terminations as, airopOrjros, awop6r]Ti], airApfhirov ; and after the
:

feminine forms had gradually become obsolete, the poels and Attic writers
recalled them, for the sake either of ornament or of variety. Med. 822.
44. From ae'ipta the ancients formed the future ae/>< by contraction,
apia, the penult being long. But when they contracted aetpca itself into
aipea, then they had a new future, apia the penult being short. Med.
848.
45. The future form /ue/w7J<rojuai (found in Homer, II. %. 390.) is always
used by the tragic writers the form \urr\aQT\aoiuu. is never used the same :

remark is true of Ke/cATjo-ojuat and K\t\Q4]aoiuu. But A.7j(Wj<ro/i and eA^-

frouou are met with indiscriminately. Med. 929.
46. The nominative forms, a.ugA&nJ/ and a/j.\<awbs, yopywty and yopyu-
iros,<p\<ryw-fy and (pKoyunrbs, aSjttrjs and dS/j.rjros, dv
and dfryos, Vfov
and ve6uyos, tvKpas and evKparos, and such others, are both Attic. Med.
1363.
47. In words joined by a crasis, the iota ought never to be added, unless
/colforms a crasis with a 1
as Kijra for Kal etra. Preef. iv.
diphthong,
48. Ael, aeros; /cAaai, KCW, are to be written without a diphthong not
duel, atfros, &c. Ibid.
49. The second person singular of the present and future, middle and
passive, end in not y, which latter termination belongs to the subjunc-
tive :
thus, TUTTTO/XCW, Ti/rrrei, TUTrrercu, and TVTTTW/UCM, TVTTTT?, Tvimfrcu,
Ibid.
50. The augment is not omitted by the Attics, except in the case of
for fxpij". dvcaya for yvu-ya, Ka.0ffyfj.rii>, KaOevSov.
Xp^f They sometimes
admitted a double augment, as rivecrx6fj.7]v, ttapcav, rifj.(\\ov, &c. Prtff. six.
51. EAeewos is a word As from Seos is tbrmed
unknown to the Attics.
Sfivos, from K\eos, K\eivos, so from ^Asos
formed f\fiv6t. Pr&f. viii.
is
52. Derivative and compound adjectives are generally, in Attic Greek,
of the same form in the masculine and feminine as, I KOU 7; <pt\vevos,
:

air6\(irros. Prtef. ix.

53. The
Attics said, oivs not oivs, oivpos not o'ivpos as also, olj, :

OUTTOS, OiK\rjs, OiAeus. Prof. x.

54. Some lonisms are used by the tragic writers, though sparingly and
rarely as (ivos, novvos, yovvara, xovpos, Sovpt.
:
Prtef. xiii.

1
This canon not expressed with the usual accuracy of the learned
is

Professor. When forms a crasis with a diphthong containing an iota,

/cal

then the iota is added, otherwise not thus, xa.1 ?ra changes into /cSro,
:

but in the crasis of Kal ov there would be no iota. When /cat forms a crasis
with a single vowel, then the iota is not added, as itkv for /ca! ay or Kal Iv.

R 3
 366

DAWES'S ELEVEN CANONS

WITH NOTES
-.

BY THE REV. MR, TATE,

LATE MASTER OF RICHMOND SCHOOL, YORKSHIRE.

I.

'"'Ay cannot be joined Miscell. Crit. p. ii. Ed. B. p. ii.

to -rrepioiSe"
The particle ca>, giving the idea of a contingent or conditional event, goes
with the past tenses only of the indicative mood ; out of which number
vepto'iSf is excluded, as being strictly what Clarke calls the present perfect
tense. [Vid. ad Iliad. A. v. 37.]
1 . I should have been striking.
'CTVTTTOV "av

(Sometimes translate, I should have stricken.)

2. freTv<f>7) 'av I should have done striking. in^ui. f. ^ /j* . ,'&* //. /_
3. I
fc,_ j lhmjd ha
frvirov j
The same, mutatis mutandis, for the past tenses

II.
" The word and the when accompanied with ov, are construed
%<rip like,
with the subjunctive, not with the optative." [M. C. p. 79. Ed. B. p. 82.]
The passage itself from which this remark arises, may easily be found
in the Anabasis of Xenophon. (Lib. 1. 5. 9.) Aij\os TJV 6 KOpos a-irei/Siav
iraffav rr)v 6S6v voplfav, '6<rif jjifv fav $>wnov 'e\6ot, TOffov-rtp aTrapcuTKfvacr-
Torfpep fiaffi\ei fj.a.-)(fi<r6a.i
. . . K. r. \.

By transposing fcv, and by altering the future fj.axeiff&ai, which does

not keep that particle's company, into /juixevQa', Dawes (with the appro-
bation of Person) has corrected the passage thus : vo^i^tav tu>, Zacp /j.ev
&CITTOV e\0oi, r. a. J3. juax (T ^ a{ K- r- A -

1. The position of 'av, as above, wilh verbs of thinking followed by an

mood to which
infinitive very common in Attic Greek ; and
it refers, is
Dawes abundantly shows from Xenophon. it

2. "Offy and similar words are much used with a.v and the subjunctive
mood, it is true ; but, according to circumstances which will explain them-
selves, they are used with the optative, and with the indicative also some-
times.
a. Whatever part you shall have acted towards your parents, your children
also will act towards you ; and with good reason.
Ol6s -irep
'cu>
itfpl rovs yovets yevy, TOIOVTOI Kal ol ffavrov TraTSes irfpl ffe
 DAWES'S CANONS.
367
. Act such a part towards your parents, as you could wish your own children
to acttowards yourself.
TOIOVTOS yiyvov irepl rovs yoveis, O'LOVS av evcuo irepl aecarrbv yiyveffdai
TOVS aavrov -xcuSas.
y. There is not a man living whom he would have less thought of attacking
than him.
OVK effrtv, f(j> '6v-riva av JJTTOV, 7; art rovrov, fj\8fv.
Of the two passages which shall be given from Demosthenes, the first
shows a syntax very common and legitimate in Attic prose ; while the
second exhibits two instances, the one correct, the other suspicious, at
least to my apprehension of it.

Kai yap ovros aircuri Tofaots, ols di> ris peyav aurbv -rrrfo-atro, tr' eiri-

<r<pa\eo~Ttpy,v avr^v [rrjv MtwceScK/t/c'/jv Svvafatv] KartffKtvaKfv tavrtp. Olynthiac.

A. $ 5.
In the same section, The subjects of Philip, says the orator, \virovvrai
Kal avvex&s raKaLirtapovffiv, oiir' firl ro?s tpyots, OUT" eiri TO?S avruv iSiois
eiiifievoi SiarpiSea>, ov9' tiff" av ttopiffcamv, oSrus STTCOJ ay SUCCOJ/TOI, TOUT
ixoVT *s SiaOeffOat, KK\ei(Tfji6Vo>i' T&V efj.iropiti>i> rwv tv rfj ywpa. Sta T&V ir6-
\ffJiOV.
Translate thus : Nor able to dispose of such articles as they MAY produce,
in the way they M-IGHT otherwise have it in their power to do, on account of
the war, &c. &c.
And to preserve the Atticism, read OTTOS cu> Svvaivro.
3. It is well known that the following construction, sttppresso av,
favoured by the tragic writers. [R. P. ad Orest. v. 141.] "Oirov 5' ATT^A-
Aj' ffKcubs rj, rives <ro<poi ; Electr. Eurip. v. 972. But this suppression of
ckv with the optative also deserves remark.
OVK eo~riv, 'crrtf fj-ti^ova. fjaipav
Netfuufi, rj ffoi. Prom. Vinct. vv. 299, 300.
The following passages demand a separate
'
consideration :

Ev crol
yap dvSpa S oi^eA.eu', a.<p >v
ea/j.fv

'EX 01 Te K0t ' StWlTO, KOAAKTTOJ TTOVCaV. (Ed. R. VV. 314, 5.

E(/c7j Kpdriarov fjv,
ovws Swairo TIS. Ibid. v. 979.
And this, AAA' /3ov\ft, t<f>T),
co irdirire, fjSfcas /ue Sujpav, d<pfs irdyras rols
KO.T' f/j.^ SuaKfiv /caij Staywvifff6ai, oirtas eKacrros TO KpaTicrra. Svvano.
CyrojHEdia.

III.

" The
Attic style requires either TTO? rts (pvyr,, or irol ris av fyvyoi. An
optative verb following irol, TtoQev, Trov,irS>s, &c. requires av } a subjunc-
-

tive verb rejects it." [M. C. 207. Ed. B. 207.]

The meaning of Dawes will be best understood perhaps, if we take
three ways of expressing nearly the same ideas by three different moods
of the verb.
a. irot Tptyofiai ;
whither shall I betake myself?
/3.irol TpoTTftijuaj; whither must I betake mi/self?

y. iro? ris av rpdiroiro ; whither should one betake himself?

[M. C. 75. 341. Ed. B. 78. 333.]
1. Under the class () may be placed,
E.y<a Of ri TlOlfl ;
Plut. But what must I do?
Eyh <ruinroi> rfSt y' ;
Ran. where /Kschylus of Euripides,
Must I hold my tongue for this coxcomb ?

n 4
3(38 DAWES'S CANONS.

'fls ov6vuos !
<j>fpf,
rl ffoi AH Karaipayiiv ;
Well, what must I give you, to eat 1
Dawes's account justly exhibits the first and second verbs thus used, not
as of the present indicative serving instead of the future ; " but of the
subjunctive, which has often the force of a future, but is more properly to
be referred in its own proper sense to iVo or xp^l '^va understood."
2. 2o<f>o>y Kf\cveis./*.)] rpiffris fudV/xoroy

TOU/AOV fiercurxfiv, aAA' e\fvdepws &dvu. Herac. 558, 559.

" &dvw is the subjunctive, as often elsewhere.
Every one knows that
the first person plural subjunctive often occurs in the sense of our let us
die. More seldom, and yet not very seldom, the first person singular is
used in the sense of our let me In Med. 1275 most of the Edd. pro-
die.

perly give iropeAflw $6/jiovs without an interrogation." P. Elmsley ad loc.

In Person's Medea, the passage stands thus :
Tlapf\6ca Sopous ; apij^ai <f>6vov
AOK? fJLOl TKVOIS '

which would require to be translated with somewhat less force, thus :

" Shall I iwt enter the house 1 I am resolved to save the children from
murder."
IV.
Kol OTTOTf Tl ffKfudplOV TOU SeOTTOTOU
/JLTIV

*t(pei\ov, ty6 ffe \avddvfiv firoiouv oei. Plut. 1141.

" Iambics and Trochaics do not allow of the hiatus in the second verse.
Besides, (fcrore v<j>fi\ov,
[When you actually had stolen one specific thing.] '

eirolovv oel is a solecism. Read~"T<peAoi', that is, 'f<f>t\oio." [M. C. 216.

Ed. B. 215, 6.]
Fielding and Young thus translate the passage fairly enough :

Why, when you used to Jilchany vessel from your master, I always assisted
you in concealing it [the theft.]
The nature of those circumstances which demand this usage of ovSrf with
the optative mood, if not sufficiently clear from the instance thus given, is
determined by several other instances which Dawes has produced, of <5iroT
similarly employed.
Of eiirov also in the same usage preceding the optative, with the preter-
imperfect tense (for that isthe idiom) of the indicative mood in the other
member of the sentence, Dawes has given proof quite sufficient. [M. C. 256.
Ed. B. 353.]
'AAAjj Se K&AA.7) $<a/j.a.Tiav ffrpci}tp<afj.tvri,
EIIIOT $i\uv BAE^EIEN ottcerwv Se,uas,
'EKAAIEN ri Swrnji/os. Sophocl. Trachin. 924.
And wandering up and down the house, whenever she saw a favourite domes*
tic, so oft the wretched dame would weep.
The particle eirel occurs
in a similar construction. Kol of p-tv 6vot, ri
'
TIS Suaicoi, irpoSpauovres av elcrrt)Kfcra.i' (iroA.u yap rov'lirirou S)O.TTOV erpfxov')
Kal 7roA.il', firel irATjirtdfoi 6 ttnros, TOUTO eiroiovv. Xenophon. Anabas. p.
45. ex emendatione Porsotd ; quern vide ad Eur. Phccn. 412.

V.
" Ar erbs of the form of oei'trot are never used in an
optative sense, or
in a future
joined with Ktv or av ; but are always put after past tenses
sense.
 DAWES'S CANONS.

E-yi) yap &>v fj.fipdi(iov HHEIAH5' Srt

Eis TOUS Si/caious Kal awpous /col K0(ru.lov$
M6vovs BAAIOIMHN. Plut. 88." [M. C. 103. Ed. B. 105.]
For I when a stripling threatened' that I would visit the honest and wise
and respectable and no others.
If this dictum be true, and I have
1. met with nothing to disprove it,
all the other usages of the future optative must be struck off the roll without
delay.
" For the future not used in this construc-
fare ye well.
a. tfiffoire : is

ii. Ed. B. ii.]

tion." [M. C.
P. /ua/vAoc a> etrot/JTjf, is a form equally unknown to the Greeks.
[M. C. iv. Ed. B. iv.]
2. The has been already remarked, keeps no com-
future infinitive, it

pany with the particle dv. The

aversion to Trplv preceding it in what is
called government, seems pretty much the same. Mr. Elmsley (ad Iph.
Aul. v. 1549.) has justly suggested, that irplv ffirapd^ffQai K6/j.as, is a
solecism. The looser usage of the aorist infinitive with dv or without it,
affords no excuse for breaking down the narrow fence of its neighbour.
3. For the same reason, Mr. Elmsley, ad Iph. T. v. 937. appears to me
as not legitimate Greek ; while (ad
justly to condemn ice\ev<r6fls Spdireiv
(Ed. R. v. 272.) he does not with equal decision second the Scholiast, who,
in reference to ei^A"" in v. 269, writes thus (pSapTJvai 8? ypd(peu>, ov

The syntax of the line

AAA' o>8e irpofOrjKev fXevdeptris airoXaiffeiv
is condemned by Dawes, on the very same principle. " For neither can a
future follow the word irpotBjiKev." [M. C. iii. Ed. B. iii.]
4. ^ueAAco, the infinitive mood following it most usually
In the syntax of
occurs the future tense, but not universally.
in, The authority of Person
ad Orest. v. 929. on v. 1594. /ueAAw Kraveiv, has pronounced, " that the
aorist is properly put after the verb /ueAAeiv." Mr. Elmsley ad Heraclid.
v. 710. gives his sentence thus on the subject
" Wherever
:
ypdfaiv or
ypdtyfiv can be put by a slight alteration for ypdtyat, I think the change
should be made."
VI.
"'
The optative, when joined with
certain words, as 'Iva, 6<f>pa, /UT), can
only be subjoined to preterite verbs, and answers to the Latin Amarem;
the subjunctive on the other hand is subjoined only to verbs of a pre-
sent or future tense, and answers to the Latin Amem." [M. C. 82,3. 272.
329 =
85. 268. 321.]
Generally speaking, where a purpose, end, result, is denoted by the
help of the particles, 'Iva, 6<ppa, pr), &c.
I. If both the action and the piirjwse of it
belong entirely to time past, the
purpose is denoted by the optative mood only.
II. If the action belong to time present or future, the purpose is denoted
by the subjunctive and not otherwise. 1
This is
remarkably well illustrated by Dawes out of Homer and Plato.
In the Iliad E. 127, 8. we read,

1
This may be easily remembered by the sentence,
 DAWES'S CANONS.
37Q
AX^I"' 8' aO roi air o<>0aAua>;/ "EAON, ^ irplv eTrrjfv,
O*P' G riNQ2KHI2 riij.lv bebv 7)Se /cal dvSpa.
" I HAVE REMOVED t/i mist
from thine eyes, that thou SIAYEST DIS-
TINGUISH, &c."
In the second Alcibiades of Plato, sub faiem :
Sxrirep ry Ato/u^Sei <pijal
T},V kQi}vav "O/xijpos airb T<av o<j>da\/j.<2v A^EAEIN Tr)v ax\vv,
'O*P' eu riNflSKOI ripev Stebv ijSeKal dvSpa.
" Homer tells us that Minerva REMOVED the mist from his eyes, that
he MIGHT DISTINGUISH, &C."
Briefly, it is
right to say, eiropev9ri, Iva ftddoi,
and iropeverai or iropeucreTcu, 'Iva /uciflj?.
Yet a few remarks may be useful, and even necessary, to assist the young
scholar in discriminating betwixt real exceptions and such only as appear
so to be : for no one mistakes the following modes of syntax as legitimate.
<f>v\drrTe vvv, STTWS /J.T) oixotro.
r6re yap ((pv\drreTe, ovcas fir) olxnTai.
1. Since the Greek aorist, like the Latin preterite, is not only taken in
the narrative way., as typatya, I wrote, but sometimes also in the use of our
present perfect, I have written ; it may in its latter usage be followed by
the subjunctive. The remark is Dawes's, when speaking most exactly on
the dramatic passage of Homer as varied in narration by Plato, ubi supra,
Professor Monk, ad Hippolyt. v. 1294, has shown very clearly, under what
circumstances this system is
legitimate.
2. Since, narrating past events, the Greek writers, particularly the
in

Tragics, often employ the present in one part, with the aorist in the other
part of the sentence, [vid. R. P. ad Hecub. v. 21.] as well as vice versa, we
are not to wonder, if a syntax like the following be sometimes presented,
with fans or with Iva.
Phcen. 47. Kitpvcra-ei, [revera, eK-fipvfv]
OffTlS fUldoi. K. T. \.
" He proclaimed such a reward to any one, that SHOULD discover the meaning
of the riddle"
3. If the verb denoting the principal act, while it is true of the present
time which it directly expresses, be virtually true of the past also in its
beginning and continuance, the leading verb may stand in the present
tense, and yet the purpose be denoted by the optative mood. In this way,
I venture, though with some timidity, to translate the following passage of
the Rants, vv. 21 24.
E?T'ovx iipis ravr' ecrrl Kal tro\\r) Tpv<pr),
"Or' eyiMi /j.lv av Ai6vvffos, tubs ST^UV/OU,
Avrbs /3a5ifa Kal irovw, TOVTOV 8" ox,

"Is it not quite abominable, that I the mighty Bacchus HAVE BEEN

trudging on foot," while I have had this fellow well mounted, that he MIGHT
feel no fatigue 1
To escape from the emendation of Brunck, and with a view to suggest an
idea which may perhaps be supported ere long by better authority, I risk at
all events a modest conjecture for the
present
4. In
passages where either syntax would be legitimate in other respects,
some peculiarity of the case determines the choice at once.
The following passage presents just such an instance :
'H yap Vfovs epTrovras evpfvei ire'8<j>,
"Aircwra rravSoKovffa muSeiaj 6r\ov,
 DAWES'S CANONS.
37!
r', oiKiffrrjpas affiriT]<p6povs

robs, Sirens yevoiffde irpbs XP* OS TtJSe.

S. Theb. vv. 1720.
There is nothing in vv. 19, 20. to condemn the reading ytv^o-Oe.
" She
HATH REARED, that you may become." But in vv. 17, 18, the decision
" She REARED
lies. you in tender and helpless infancy, that you MIGHT
become one day her loyal guards."
When Person ad Phosn. 68. writes thus " Brunck edited Kpatvoiev for
:

Kpaivtaaiv from Dawes's Canon, M. C. p. 82. But this Canon the Trage-
dians do not seem in all cases to have observed. Cf. Hec. 1128 1133 :"
[1120 1126.] he refers to a passage singularly awkward, and, if it be
allowed to stand correctly at present, bidding more defiance to Dawes's
Canon, than any other which it has yet fallen in my way to observe.
'E8era, fj,rf aoi iroAe',utos \ei<t>0els 6 ircus

Tpoiav aBpoiffy Kal vvoiKio"ri 7td\iv

&pvyc0v 6S cttav avBts aipoiev o~T6\ov.

Kctirerra 0pj?/cijs ireSia rpiSoiev rdSf
'
j\et]\aTovvTS yeiroffiv 8" 177 Ka/cbf
TptSitav,
fv (fjirep vvv, dva, eitdfj.vofj.ev.
Had the irregularity lain on the other side, had he begun with the op-
tative, and from inadvertence of mind been led by other thoughts to
employ the subjunctive afterwards ;
the knot might then have had an easy
solution.
As it is, Mr. Blomfield's ingenious and perhaps just mode of settling the
point in other passages, can hardly
be applied to this.
"
Say that the subjunctive was sometimes used of a thing past, still they
never used the optative of a thing present." Ad S. Theb.
III. A
third syntax yet remains ; which, though never, I believe, noticed

by Dawes, deserves a place here.

'
fl Srjr ffj.ol fiv KepSos, a\\' OVK ev Tcfx

ireScp ffK"fy\ia(Ta., -rcav Trdvrcav ir6vcav

A.irr)K\dyriv ; Kpelcraov yap eis cwra| Save'tv,
'H TOS avdffas r)fj.fpas ifaayfiv Kai<s.
Prom. Vinct vv. 773 6~
I have selected this passage, for two reasons : it readily presents its
own meaning, and shows the class of construction to which it belongs.
But Heath wanted to alter it, from the confusion in his mind of the rules of
Latin with those of Greek syntax.
" For the sake of we must by all means read
grammatical propriety,
aira\\ayel-rjv, omitting yap, to preserve the metre." Heath ad loc.

As every scholar possesses the Hippolytus [v. 643.] edited by Professor

Monk, and the (Edipus Rex 1389.] by Mr. Elmsley, it is unnecessary
[v.
to give any particular explanation of what they have so well developed.
Hermann also may be consulted with advantage, in his Annotationes, No.
446. on the Greek Idioms of Viger.

VII.
" Ou construed either with the future indicative or with the
jUV are
second aorist subj unctive." [ . C. 222 M
22 1 .] =
"
"Owens, either with or without fj-rj, is construed with the second aorist
R 6
372 DAWES'S CANONS.
active or middle, and with the first aorist passive." [M. C. 228. 29. 30 =
227, 28.]
" Ou with a
subjunctive requires tf." [M. C. 340 331.]
=
According to Dawes, then, the following forms of Syntax, for instance, are
correct :

1. OT MH $vffperi)s ESHi <jAois.

2. AAA' OTnOT' e ffjLovye MH MA0HI2 r<55e.
3. AtSoix' onns MH
4. [ffKfirTfov, oiTtas TOVTO
5. [ffKfirrfov, Sreos fit] altrBcaircu TaDro.]
6. [<j>v\acu, OTTWS /) Tv<j>6fjs.]

And the following forms amongst others are not legitimate :

7. Ou MT) ATjpifoT?*. Read, Ov /XT) AHPH2EI2.

8. "Onus 5e TOVTO ^
5i5a|j?s /UTjSeVa. Read, /i)j 8i5o|eiy. "OTTJOS
=
9. AAA' OVTI eK(f>vyijre AcmJ>TjpiJ> iroo~i.
fj.' [Hecub. 1038 1030.]
" Dawesius
Read, AAA' OVTI MHK*rrHTE. sagaciter, licet minus recte."
R. P. With the great critic himself, therefore, read AAA' OVT

A. Under the head of No. 8, which is a case of elliptic construction,

may commodiously be classed a most ingenious recovery of error, and a
most happy defence of the true but suspected lection.
Reiske, offended at the awkwardness, which nobody can deny, of
Hecuba, v. 402, corrected the verse as follows :

OfJLOM, Kiffffbs Spvbs OTTCllS, TTJffS' fo/JMl.

And Person, in his first edition of the Hecuba, adopted the correction,
with this remark
"
SfjLota is the emendation ot Reiske for OTTOM, the reading of Aldus and
the MSS."
In his second edition he restores the genuine reading,
'
6iro7a Kiffffbs Spvbs, threes r^trS |ojuaj.
As the ivy clings to the oak, let me cling to
daughter here. The jingle my
of the Greek, which one wonders did not offend the nice ear of Euripides,
disappears in the English translation.
Person's note enlarged shall be given at full length.
"
"O/Lioia is the emendation of Reiske for diro'ia, the reading of Aldus
and the MSS. and is received by Brunck and Beck. For OTTUS B. has
OVTWS. But on reconsideration of the subject I distrust this emendation,
and think that the common reading may be defended. "Orrais and oirws HT)
are most usually construed with the second person, sometimes with the
third, and more rarely with the first. Aristoph. Eccl. 296 "Oirws 5e rb :

(rvno\ov \a6vTes eireiTa. wArjcrtoi Ka6e8ov,u.eda. Presently after he says at

full: "Opa 8' eiirws caO-fiffo/mi Tovo-Se TOVS e| d<rreoj. Antiphanes in Athe-
naeus III. p. 123. B: "OTTOS SScap el/ovra /^riSff' <tyo,ua(. The common
reading also in Troad. 147 should be retained MaTTjp 5' &s TIS irra.i'o'ts :

K\a.yyav opvunv, OTTUS |ap|eo 'yci> /j.o\irdv"

The curious reader will do well to compare this note with the remark of
Mr. Elmsley ad Acharn. 930. Subjudice /is est.
B. That on does not precede a verb of the subjunctive mood unless ac-
companied by JUT), is true enough as an Attic Canon. In the Ionic Greek
of Homer, the other syntax is perfectly right.
Iliad. A. 262. Ou ~ydp ir<a Toiovs iSov ovepar, ovSe iSa/jMi. And I only
mention this now, to avoid the appearance which one might otherwise
 DAWES'S CANONS.

incur of appealing to Homer as an authority for Attic Syntax. Innumerable

modes of speech, cultivated by the Poets, and even familiar to the Prose
writers of Athens, are drawn from Homer, the vast ocean of Grecian lite-
rature. But inasmuch as a great deal of the original diction of Homer had
become obsolete in the age of Pericles, and a great deal of recent varnish
was afterwards put on by the Scholars of Alexandria, let it be understood,
thatwe borrow illustration from Homer, only where he was copied or fol-
lowed by the Attic writers ; while against their demonstrated practice
in the present discussion he affords no authority at all. [Iliad. <f.
195, &c.]
C. A
very ingenious hint is started and
ably defended by Mr. Elmsley
in his Criticismon Gaisford's edition of Mainland's Euripides [Quart.
" when ov
Review, June, 1812, pp. 453, 4.] ad Supp. v. 1066; that is fj.-fj

prefixed to the future, a note of interrogation ought to be added." And

Mr. Monk, approving the idea, edits the Hippolytus accordingly. Vid.
vv. 213, 602.
On the particles OVK ow a similar hint is advanced by Mr. Elmsley, ad
(Ed. R. v. 342, and pursued ad Heraclid. v. 256

VIII.
" The active /ue0fw" not construed with a genitive, nor the middle
is

fj.tetffji.ai
with an accusative," but vice versa. [M. C. 238=236.] Vid. et
R. P. ad Med. v. 734.
This one instance, acutely observed, belongs to that nice analogy, by
which several other verbs in their active and middle uses are always dis-
tinguished. In the translation which I shall venture to give, let not the
fastidious reader find cause of displeasure. Where the analysis of language
descends to its last stage, the words by which the attempt is made to de-
velope it, if they do trip a little, may expect to be forgiven.
1. ere. /uefl/eyuai croO.
/ueflirjjiti

2. ac^Vu ere. ac/ue/icu eroD.

3. 4\aov ere. e\a6/j.-r]v croO.
'
4. fflya. 5 e'lojuep ffr6/j.a. jSpeTeW execrftw.
5. f3p6xovs Hirrftv. &\}/ei iriirXtav.
6. Apt e tT]v Kt/Aca. o5 ircuSos ope^aro.
1,2. I quit, or part my selffrom you,
3. I caught myself' at you.
4. To hold ourselves by the statues.
5. You will fasten yourself on my robes.
6. He himselffor his Son.
stretched
In translating, at once exactly, and with variety if it be not distinction,
lies the difficulty ; otherwise the task would be
easy enough. A Scholar
understands the whole without any help of translation.

IX.
" If a in speaking of herself, uses the plural, she uses also the
woman,
masculine.
" If she uses the
masculine, she uses also the plural. R. P. ad Ilec.
515." [M. C. 317=310.]
In Person's Letter to Dalzel, Mus. Crit. p. 335, it is said, " There is a
stronger exception against Dawes's rule in Hipp. 1120. [Ed. Monk. 1107.]
than can be brought, I believe, from any other quarter."
 DAWES'S CANONS.
Whoever will take the trouble of turning to the passage itself and the
note upon it in Mr. Monk's edition, will find that it is all a mere inad-
vertence of the Poet, who either mistook himself at the moment for the
Coryphaea, or hastily transferred from his loci communes a fine train of
reflection, without considering in whose character it must be uttered.
Read that charming Scholium in the Medea, *2.Kaiovs 8e \eytav vv. 192
206, or that, Aeiyct Tvpdwav 119 \30 and say, who but Euripides :

could have given sentiments so beautiful, so just, so profound, to the

per-
son of an illiterate nurse 1

X.
" In Iliad. Z. 479.
'
KoT 7TOT6 TJS flirot, 'ITaTpbs 8 876 iro\\bi> afj-etvuv,
EK iro\efj.ov a.vi6vra.
the commentators make
the construction to depend on i5o>v understood :
And shall hereafter say, ' He is much braver than his father,' ON SEEING
him returning from the war. But the sentence is in truth unelliptical,
and is thus to be construed: Kal irore TIS e/c iro\eu.ov avi6vra. eiiroiAnd
one shall hereafter say OF him as he returns [or after he has returned"]. I
will here add Aristoph. Nub. 1147 :

Kal fjLOi TON TION, et /ue/xd07jKe -rbv \6yov

El*', ttv
TZKfivov, aprlws eio"nyayfs :

And tell me CONCERNING your son, whether he has learnt. Kusler is

wrong in saying here that vlov is
put for the nominative after the Attic
form." [M. C. 147, 8=
149.]
1 . This remark on what for distinction's sake should be called the Accu-
sativus de quo, has a range of great usefulness, especially in the Attic
Poets.
The following in Homer, Iliad. Z. 239. is rather unique :

The wives and daughters of the Trojan soldiers crowded about Hector :

Eip6f*.vat iralSds re, Kaaiyirfirovs re, eras re,

Kal ir6ffias. " h. e.
wept iralSuv." Heyne.
The Attics generally use the Accusativus de quo, with what is technically
called an indefinite sentence after it, as in the passage quoted above from

Aristophanes.
2. But another Syntax, less noticed, may commodiously be mentioned
here, the Accusativus rei vel facti, where the governing verb would other-
wise require the genitive case.
Mei6v TI XPy fls t jro.TSaj i) affftaff^tvovs ;
Phcen. 1226.
eav frvrfffKOVTas rj TfTpaiutvous
nveijffOe S. Theb. 228, 9.
Do you desire a greater blessing, than that your Sons should be alive?
If you hear that any of ours are dying or wounded. Perhaps it may
add some illustration to a matter not commonly remarked, if I refer to a
correspondent 'class of expressions in the Latin language.
Spretaeque injuria forms. JEn. i.
Ob iram interfecti ab eo domini. Livy, xxi, 2.
Injuria rov formam spretam fuisse.
Iram eve/to, rov interfectum fuisse ab eo dominum.
That is, not injuria format, not iram domini ; which words taken alone
would convey ideas very different from those intended by Virgil and Livy.
3. Nor has it been duly noticed, that the neuter pronouns in Greek are
 DAWES'S CANONS.

favorable to a government in the Accusative case, where the masculine or

feminine would require the Genitive.
Hti6v T( xprjtts ; affords an instance immediately of what I wish to
suggest ;
the intelligent reader will need no farther explanation.

XI.
'
5
ftvai TToAAeov ayaOcav d%ios V/MV
4>7j<7ti'
" me
an unintelligible expression. Read curios for
Aya6iav o|<os vfjuv is to
dios." [M. C. 257=254.] And
he goes on to defend his emendation by
what is
plausible enough and by showing that
in the context of the passage,
such a Syntax of airios is familiar to Aristophanes.
1. A
very useful article might be formed under the name of Errores
Dawesiani. I could not say of Dawes, what some one pointedly said of
our great Aristarchus, but too bitterly against the "learned Theban" of
" One
Emmanuel, may learn more from Bentley when he is wrong, than
from Barnes when he is right." And yet beyond a doubt, the detection
of ingenious error in clever men affords instruction as well as amusement, if
properly considered. The quick may learn modesty, and the slow may
derive encouragement, from the very same lesson.
'Hfuv 5' Ax<\Aei;s dios rt/j.rjs, yvvcu,
1
aviiiv intfp yijs 'EAAciSos KoAAtoT avfip. Hecub. 313.
"
Verte, Dignus Achilles, qni a nobis honorem accipiat" Vide R. P. ad
locum : et Elmsleium ad Acharn. 633.

KvSos ToiffSe noKl'Tcus. S. Theb. 304, 5.

Such the happy and certain emendation of Dr. Blomfield,
is who supports
it
by Iliad. A. 94.
TAofojy Kfv MeveAAp eirnrpotf^ff -ra^v i6v ;
Tlafft Se Kf Tptaeffffi X^P IV KG* KvSos dpoto."
A similar passage occurs in the Iliad, 1. 303. vid. Heyn. in loc.
For the benefit of those young scholars to whom this Syntax may per-
2.

haps seem strange, I shall collect instances in number and variety sufficient to
render it at once familiar and clear.
1. us o|ios fir] &ai>d,Tov r7 iroAei. Xenoph. Mem. ad init.
2. tpyy nsv ri/jiiv o'/S' ^x ovfft T* irpoffriKovra (r<piffiv avrots. Funeral
Oration of Plato, ad init.
3. Tpaifflv S' av fj.eT6iriff6e yfpovcrtov SpKov t\<a/j.ai. Iliad. X. 119.
4. Aelarrf ol ffKrjirTpov irarpca'iov dtpOirOv atel. Ibid. B. 186.
5. TSoffov n-p'uafj.ai (rot ra xmplSia ; \ty. Acharn. 812.
6. nvf]<rofj.ai aoi. Ibid. 815.
7. :K\S6i fjioi, A.ryi6xpio Aioy re/cos, a.TpvT<avt). Iliad. E. 115.
8. Xaipe fj.ot, >
Ha,rpoK\f, Kal tiv A'fScco $6p.ouri. Ibid. y. 179.
9. ~fl TIf\iov frvyartp,

Xaipouffd fj.oi fi> A'iSa 56[AOtffi

Tbv O.VO.KIOV OLKOV oiKfTfvois. Alcest. 437 9. .
I would translate the last two passages thus Take my blessing, and fare-
:

well. In the other instances, the proper rendering will be, at me, <>/' me, at
my hands.
It is a mode of
speaking, to which the old English and the modern
Scottish afford parallels in plenty.
1. Shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive
evil? Job ii. 10.
 DAWES'S CANONS.
376
2. Ask
at Moses and the Prophets. Logan, Sermons.
3.Blithe would I battle, for the right
To ask one question at the sprite. Walter Scott, Marmion.
Before concluding, let me be allowed to suggest, that from v. hat has been
stated above, Brunck's translation of the passage in the Elect of Sophocles
may derive some color and countenance of support. I am inclined to adopt
it as right
Tim yJip ITOT' av, a> (j>t\ia. yeveBha,
TTp6ff(f>opov aKovffdifj.' evos,
Tifi ippovovvTi Kaipia;

A Quo enim unquam, cara progenies, audire passim al'.^urd rOMMDltffU

mihi ?

[Museum Criticum, No. 4. ;/. 519 535.]

THE END.

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