Name: ………………………………………………………Combination.......................................

Date: ……………………………………………………Signature: ……………………………

S.6 CHEMISTRY Paper 1
2 hours 45 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
- Answer all questions in Section A and six questions in Section B.
SECTION A: (46 MARKS)
Answer all questions from this section.

1. Complete the following equations (4marks)

27 1 4
(a) 13 Al + 0n ⟶ ……………………….. + 2He

(b) …………………………………… ⟶ 234 4

90Th + 2 He

4 14 1
(c) 2 He + 7 N ⟶ 1 H +¿……………………………

23 2 1
(d) 11 Na+ 1D ⟶ ……………………………. + 1 H
2. Complete the following reaction equations and write the I.U.P.A.C names of the main
organic product in each case.
3. (a) Compare the reactivity of the following metals with water

(i) beryllium (01 mark)

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(ii) magnesium (01 mark)
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(iii) barium (01 mark)
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(b) Write an equation for the reaction between
(i) the oxide of Beryllium and sodium hydroxide (1 ½ marks)
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(ii) the oxide of silicon and sodium hydroxide (1 ½ marks)
4. (a) The diagram in figure 1 shows isotherms of a gas
e
Pressur

A
321K

304K
B C 286K
Volume
Fig. 1
What is the critical temperature of the gas? (1 mark)
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(ii) Which isotherm almost represents the behaviour of an ideal gas? (1 mark)
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(iii) What does region ABC represent? (1 mark)
(b) State one condition necessary for liquefying a gas. (1 mark)
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4. Write equations to show how 1 – bromopropane can be converted to

(a) Propan-1-ol (1 ½ marks)

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(b) Propanal (03 marks)

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5. Both lithium and magnesium exhibit diagonal relationship.

(a) State:
(i) What is meant by the term diagonal relationship? (02 marks)
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(ii) Three properties in which lithium and magnesium show similarities.(03marks)
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(b) Name two other pairs of elements that show diagonal relationship. (01 mark)
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6. Name one reagent that can be used to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds
and, in each case, state what would be observed if each member of the pair was treated with
the reagent you have named.

(a) CH3C CCH3 and CH3CH2C CH. (03 marks)

Reagent
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Observation
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(a) CH3CH2CH3 and CH2 = CH2 (03 marks)

Reagent
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Observation
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(a) State Graham’s law. (02 marks)
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 (b) A certain volume of oxygen diffused through a porous membrane in 120 s. under
the same conditions the same volume of a gas diffuses in 112s. Calculate the
relative molecular mass of X.
(3 ½ marks)
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7. The mass spectrum of chlorine shows peaks at masses 70. 72 and 74. The heights of the
peaks respectively are in the ratio 9:6:1. Calculate:
(a) the average atomic mass of chlorine (2 marks)
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(b) the relative abundance of 35Cl and 37Cl (3 marks)

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8. (a) Define the term First ionization energy. (01 mark)

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(b) The graph below shows the variation of first ionization energy with the atomic number
across period 3 elements in the Periodic table.

Explain why:
(i) The first ionization energy increases overall, across the period.
(03
marks)
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(ii) The first ionization energy of aluminium is less than that of magnesium.(02 marks)
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(iii) The first ionization energy of sulphur is less than that of phosphorus. (02 marks)
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(iv) The first ionization energy of magnesium is very high. (01 mark)

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9. (a) The table below shows the atomic numbers of some elements and their electron affinities.
Atomic No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Electron affinity 2.0 -6.7 3.0 13.5 6.0 20.0 36.4
(kJ mol-1)

(i) Draw a graph of electron affinity versus atomic number (03 marks)
(ii) Explain the shape of the graph (03 marks)
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(b) List three factors which affect the size of the first ionization energy of an element.
(3 marks)
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SECTION B

10. In a typical back titration exercise, 5.2g of ammonium chloride contaminated with sodium
chloride as impurity was boiled with 200cm3 of 1.0M potassium hydroxide solution in
5minutes. The residual solution was carefully diluted to make 250cm3 of solution. 25cm3 of
the solution required 21.80cm3 of 0.5M hydrochloric acid for complete reaction.
Ammonium chloride reacts with hydroxide according to the equation.
NH4Cl (aq) +KOH (aq) KCl(aq) + NH3(g) + H2O(l)
Potassium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation
KOH (aq) + HCl(aq) KCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Calculate:
(a) Number of moles excess potassium hydroxide in the reaction mixture (03marks)

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(b) The number of moles of potassium hydroxide that reacted with ammonium chloride
(03marks)
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(c) The percentage purity of ammonium chloride (03marks)

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11. A gaseous hydrocarbon P consists of 92.3% carbon.
(a) Calculate the empirical formula of P. (3 marks)
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(b) 0.13g of P occupies 112cm3 at s.t.p . Calculate
(i) the formula mass of P (3 marks)
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(ii) the molecular formula of P. (3 marks)
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12. Write equations to show how the following conversions can be carried out
Write equations to show how the following compounds can be synthesized.
(a) CH3CH2CH2Br from ethene (3 marks)
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(b) CH3CH2CH= CH2 from ethyne (3 marks)
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(d) But – 1 – ene from 1 – bromopropane
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14. Name the reagent(s) that can be used to distinguish between the following pairs of
compounds in each case state what would be observed when each compound is separately
treated with the reagent(s). (3marks each)

(a) and

Reagent:

Observation:

(b) CH3 CH2 CH = CH2 and CH3CH2C≡ CH

Reagent:

Observation:

(c) CH3 CH C ≡ CCH3 and CH3 CH2 CH C ≡CH

CH3 CH3 (3 marks)

Reagent:

Observation:

13. (a) Be (OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 and Ba(OH)2 are the hydroxides of group II elements.
Briefly describe how the hydroxides react with ;
(i) sodium hydroxide solution (2 marks)
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(ii) hydrochloric acid solution (2 marks)

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(b) The solubilities of the hydroxides of group II elements of the periodic table at 25oC are
given below
Hydroxide Be(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 Sr(OH)2 Ba(OH)2
Solubility Insoluble 0.002 0.150 0.900 4.000
g/100g of
water

(i) State and explain the trend in solubility of the hydroxides.

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(ii) Different masses of solid Ca(OH)2 and Ba(OH)2 containing the same number of moles
were separately shaken with the same volume of water at 25oC. Identify the solution
with higher pH value. Give a reason for your answer
(1 ½ marks)
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14. (a) State three reasons why carbon differs in its properties from the other elements of
group IV. (3 marks)

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(b) Write equations for the reaction(s) of
(i) Lead and water
 Equation:
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(ii) Hydrofluoric acid and silicon (IV) oxide (1 ½ marks)
Equation
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(c) The thermochemical data for some processes are given below
Process ΔHθ(Kjmol – 1 )

Rb(s) Rb(g) +78

Rb(g) Rb+(g) +e – +402
F2(g) 2F(g) +160
Rb+(g) + F – (g) RbF(s) −762
F2(g) + 2Rb(s) 2RbF(s) −1104

Calculate the electron affinity of the fluorine atom. (3 marks)

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15. (a) Define the term freezing point constant. (01 mark)

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(b) When 1.2g of sulphur was dissolved in 20.0g of carbon disulphide, the solution
froze at 1.43oC lower than the freezing point of carbon disulphide.
[Kf = 6.10oC mol-1 kg-1]
 (i) Calculate the relative molecular mass of sulphur in carbon disulphide.
(03 marks)

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(ii) Deduce the molecular formula of sulphur in carbon disulphide and
comment on your answer. (03 marks)

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(c) On the same axes, draw the cooling curve for carbon disulphide and for a solution
of sulphur in carbon disulphide. (03 marks)

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