A’LEVEL CHEMISTRY PRESENTATION AT NBS TV.

BY
MUGABI GODFREY
MENGO S.S
(0775222286/0750363837)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1.Write equations to show how the following compounds can be synthesized.
(a)
2. Complete the following equations and outline the mechanisms for the reactions in each case.

(a) CH3Br Na, CH3CH2OH (03marks)

heat
(b) O NH2OH, H+ (04marks)

(C) CH3 dilute H2SO4 (03 marks)

heat
CH3 concentrated
(d) (04 marks
H2SO4 (03 marks)
heat
(e) CH3COOCH2CH3 OH (aq)/ H2O ( 03 marks)
boil

4. A compound Q contains 76.32% carbon, 6.38% hydrogen and the rest being

oxygen. A solution of Q in water is acidic but does not liberate carbon dioxide from

carbonates. A solution of 1.50 g of Q in 20.90 g of benzene freezes at 1.30C while

pure benzene freezes at 5.500C.

(a) Determine
(i) the empirical formula of Q. (02 marks)

(ii) the molecular formula and write the structural formula of Q.

(Kf of benzene is 5.490C per 1000 g mol-1)
(03 marks)

(b) Explain why a solution of Q in water is acidic. (02 marks)

(c) Describe the reaction of Q with bromine water. (2 ½ marks)

 (d) Write equation and outline the mechanism for the reaction between Q
and

(i) Ethonyl chloride (03 marks)

(ii) chloromethane in presence of sodium hydroxide.

(02 marks)

(e) Write equations for to show how Q can be

(i) prepared from benzene and propene. (3 ½ marks)

(ii) converted to methylbenzene (02 marks)

3.(a)The boiling points of 2-chlorobutane and 2-iodobutane are 68 oc and 119 oc

respectively. When treated separately with aqueous sodium hydroxide, followed
by acidified silver nitrate solution, 2-chlorobutane forms a white precipitate
after about 15 minutes, whereas 2-iodobutane forms a white precipitate almost
immediately.
Explain;
(i) Why the boiling point of 2-chlorobutane is lower than that of
2-odobutane. (02 marks)
(ii) The formation of the white precipitate in 2-chlorobutane takes a longer time than
in 2-iodobutane. (03 marks)
(b) Write;
equation for the reaction of I-chlorobutane with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
(01 mark)
(ii) the mechanism for the reaction in (b)(i). (01 mark)

(c) The reaction in (b)(i) is exothermic. Sketch a labelled potential energy versus reaction
co-ordinate diagram for the reaction. (2 1/2 marks)

(d) (i) Write equation for the conversion of benzene to chlorobenzene.

(01 mark)
(ii) Outline a mechanism for the reaction in (d)(i). (03 marks)

(e) Write equation(s) to show how 2-bromobutane can be converted to butanone.

(2 1/2 marks)
(f) (i) Name one reagent that would be used to confirm the formation of butanone.
(01 mark)
(ii) State what would be observed if butanone was present. (01 mark)
(iii) Write equation for the reaction of butanone and the reagent you have named in
(f) (i). (01 mark)
A solution containing iodine and sodium hydroxide was added to butanone. State what
was observed. (01 mark)

(f) CH3CH2CHO KCN (aq) , H+ (03 marks)

END