NYASHA CHIMOMBE R224604Q

Nyasha NEGANJE R224578M

TRISH DEHWE R224640Z
Francis Pahuwa R224507W
Lloyd Nyamutete R224569h
Rosemary Chikono R229562U
Tapiwa Ziome. R224714L
Collin Maplanga R224514V
Shantel Guvamombe R224634Q
Estel T Lubamba R224573Z.
Assingment : Media promoting Criminality and Online Gender Violence.
Media is an umbrella term for various mediums (forms) of mass communication. Mediums
include the television, radio and newspapers (both in print and online). Social media is an
umbrella term for websites and applications that allow subscribed users to create and share
content, as well as interact with one another. Social media includes Facebook, Twitter and
Instagram, and tik tok .Through the above social media platforms various crimes are committed
because many people have access to it .An individual can say whatever they want because they
might never and they do not know the people they are interacting with , which gives them
confidence to act rashly .Criminogenic media is what researchers have claimed to be a cause of
crime .What this is saying is that some people seek out certain types of media that supports their
types of behavior.(C.Greer,2023).Interactionists argue that mass media , such as newspapers ,
television , etc plays a crucial role in creating moral panics by overstating the deviance of youth
subculture , to the extent that certain groups appear to be a threat to the society.Some media
representations of crime and deviance are increasing with the popularity of social networking
sites such as tik tok , facebook and Instagram..Some crimes , such as hate crimes are recorded
and placed on social media sites , gaining a large audience in a short space of time.
Around the world we are witnessing alarming trends of hate speech on the rise fueling
xenophobia, racism, anti-religious hatred and misogyny. Hate speech can have devastating
impacts on its victims and on societies. It has resulted in hate crimes, discrimination, and even
violence. In the most serious cases, hate speech can be an indicator of risk and a trigger of
atrocity crimes, in particular genocide. We know this from history. This is what the history of the
Holocaust and the genocides in Rwanda and Srebrenica teaches us. In Nazi Germany magazines
such as Der Stürmer were used to disseminate anti-Jewish hatred and conspiracy theories aimed
to demonize and dehumanize the Jewish population in Europe leading up to the Holocaust. In
Rwanda, Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM) contributed to spread hate and
incite violence against the Tutsi. In many other past and present situations, various media
became the vectors of death. Today social media has become another vehicle for hate speech,
with the ability to spread information at a speed never seen before, reaching potentially huge
audiences within a few seconds. The manner in which many platforms operate feeds on hateful
and discriminatory content, and provides echo chambers for such narratives. Online hate speech
has led to real world harm. We have seen this from incidents of identity based violence where the
perpetrators were instigated through online hate, to its widespread use to dehumanize and attack
entire populations on the basis of identity. Unfortunately, many times the victims are those
already most marginalized in society, including ethnic, religious, national or racial minorities,
refugees and migrants, women and men, sexual orientation and gender identity minorities.
However, just as social media provides the means for disseminating hate speech, it can also
provide the tools for tackling it. We have seen positive examples of concerted efforts to address
online hate, when the necessary resources and capacities to understand the particular context,
language and impact of such hate is prioritized. (United Nations 2023).
Furthermore , hate crime encompasses more than illegal hate speech as it may also include issues
such as threats , vandalism ,reckless behavior and violence .Hate crimes are characterized by
being motivated by hate .Media can perpetuate hate crimes in the sense that it spreads the cases
easily thus if an individual sees the incidents them also want to avenge or model those offenders
so that they trend on media.
MEDIA EFFECTS ON PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF CRIME AND JUSTICE.
According to media criminology, the media not only reflects but also helps shape the reality of
crime, as it is through it that most of the population becomes aware of crime and criminal justice.
Therefore, the way the media presents crime, criminals, victims, and law enforcement agencies
has a significant impact on the way we understand and respond to crime in society (Greer, 2010).
The study of media criminology is vitally important, given the significant influence the media
has on the perception of crime and criminal policy in contemporary society. The media is a
crucial vehicle for disseminating information about crime and criminal justice. This means that
the way the media represents crime and criminals can have a direct impact on the way the public
perceives these issues and, consequently, on the way criminal policy is shaped and implemented
(Greer, 2010).
The influence of the media on the formation of opinions is a widely studied topic in
communication and social sciences. Scheduling Theory, for example, argues that the media
doesn't tell people what to think, but what to think about. That is, the media has the power to
determine which issues are considered important and deserve public attention (M, Kosicki &
Pan, 1991). Furthermore, Framing Theory suggests that the media not only highlights certain
issues but also shapes the way those issues are understood by the public. Through the selection
and emphasis on certain aspects of an event or issue, the media can influence the public's
perceptions and opinions on that issue (Scheufele, 1999).
The media plays a key role in the construction of social reality, shaping society's collective
perception of various issues. This role is supported by the Social Construction of Reality Theory,
which argues that people form their understanding of the world based on the information they
receive from various sources, among which the media is one of the most influential (Berger &
Luckmann, 1966). The media selects, interprets, and presents information in a way that helps
form the worldview of individuals. Through the strategic use of imagery, language, and
narrative, media can shape people's understanding of important events and issues, creating a
particular view of reality that can influence attitudes, opinions, and behaviors (Loffredo & OPT,
2006).
The media plays a crucial role in the representation of crime and criminals, which can have
significant implications on the public perception of crime and criminal justice (Surrete, 2015).
This representation can be heavily influenced by a number of factors, including the need to
generate an audience, the pursuit of sensationalist news, and the desire to create a simple and
understandable narrative. Harmony of Knowledge Exploring Interdisciplinary Synergies Media
Criminology – The role of the media and its influence on contemporary society An example of
this is the media's tendency to focus on violent and highly emotional crimes, even though these
crimes account for only a small fraction of total crime (Reiner, 2007). In addition,the media often
potrays criminals in a simplistic and one-dimensional way, without addressing the complexities
and nuances that often characterize the causes and circumstances of crime.
The media has a significant influence on the public's perception of crime. This influence is
exerted through the amount of coverage that is given to the crime, the type of crime that is
covered, and the manner in which the crime is presented (Roberts and Doob, 1990). Constant
exposure to news about violent and disturbing crime can lead to a distorted perception of the
reality of crime, known as "cruel world syndrome" (Gerbner et al., 2002). Media outlets often
amplify the fear of crime by exaggerating the prevalence of violent crime and under-representing
non-violent or white-collar crime. This can lead to an overestimation of the frequency and
severity of crime in society (Graber, 1980). Additionally, the media's portrayal of crime can
strengthen stereotypes and prejudices, which can result in discriminatory responses to crime.
The media plays an important role in the formulation of criminal policy and legislation, as it
shapes public perceptions of the nature and extent of crime, which in turn influences
policymakers' decisions (BECKETT, 1997). When crime is portrayed as a prevalent threat and
criminals as wicked and immoral individuals, it can drive support for punitive policies and strict
legislation. The role of the media and its influence on contemporary society In addition, the
media can influence criminal policy through advocacy campaigns and mobilization of public
opinion. In some cases, the media has been instrumental in the creation of crime specific laws,
known as "name laws," which are often the result of media campaigns surrounding highly
publicized crime cases .
The Culture of Fear Theory, coined by Barry Glassner, suggests that the media plays an
important role in shaping the public perception of crime, often in a distorted manner that is not
proportional to the reality of the facts (GLASSNER, 1999). In short, fear culture is the
phenomenon where the population believes they are at greater risk of being a victim of a crime
than they actually are, thanks to the disproportionate representation of crime in the media.The
role of the media and its influence on contemporary society A study by Reiner (2007) discussed
how stories of crime and violence have dominated the news, fueling fear of crime in the
population, even as crime statistics are falling. The media's constant focus on violent crime, even
if they account for a relatively small portion of total crime, can lead the public to believe that
crime is more prevalent and imminent than it actually is.
The media has a dual role in the context of criminal justice: it can both facilitate justice and
promote injustice. On the one hand, the media can act as an instrument of accountability,
exposing cases of corruption and human rights violations, or promoting greater transparency in
the actions of law enforcement agencies (Habermas, 1991). A Brazilian example is the role of
the media in the case of "Operation Car Wash", which played an important role in exposing a
large corruption scheme (LINS DA SILVA, 2016). On the other hand, the media can also
contribute to injustices. Sensationalist coverage of crimes can lead to the premature judgment of
individuals by public opinion, subverting the principle of presumption of innocence (SURETTE,
2007). This was observed in the aforementioned case of the Base School in Brazil (KARAM,
2003). In summary, the media has the potential to significantly influence the application of
justice, for better and for worse. Its role as a facilitator of justice or injustice depends to a large
extent on how it fulfills its ethical and information responsibilities.
REFERENCE:
Beckett.P, K. Making crime pay: Law and order in contemporary American politics. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1997.
Berger, P. L.; Luckman, T. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of
Knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966.
Gerbner, G. et al. Growing up with television: Cultivation processes. In: Byant, J.; Zillmen, D.
(eds.) Media effects: Advances in theory and research. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002.
Glasner, B. The culture of fear: Why Americans are afraid of the wrong things. New York, NY:
Basic books, 1999.
Graber, D. A. Crime news and the public. New York, NY: Praeger, 1980.
Greer, C. Crime and media: Understanding the connections. In: Hale, C., Hayward, K., Wahidin,
A. & Wincup, E. (eds.) Criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Surrete .Media and Crime ,Criminal Justice Thomson Wardsworth.2007.