All Definitions from Final’s Syllabus

Electricity: Movement of electrons.

Atoms: Smallest piece of an element containing all of
the properties of that element.

Nucleus: The center portion of an atom containing the

protons and neutrons

Protons: Positively charged atomic particles

Neutrons: Uncharged atomic particles
Atomic Number: The atomic number is equal to
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Electrons: Negatively charged particles

Electron Orbitals: Orbits in which electrons move

around the nucleus of an atom

Valence Electrons: The outermost ring of

electrons in an atom
Electrical Circuit: A system of conductors and
components forming a complete path for current to travel

Current: The flow of electric charge

Conventional Current: Current flows out of the

positive side of the battery, through the circuit, and back to the
negative side of the battery.

Voltage: The force (pressure) that causes current to flow

- measured in VOLTS (V)

Resistance: The opposition of current flow ~

measured in Ohms (Ω)

Multimeter: An instrument used to measure the

properties of an electrical circuit, including Voltage, Current
and Resistance

Ohm’s Law: Current in a resistor varies in direct

proportion to the voltage applied to it and is inversely
proportional to the resistor’s value V=IR

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL):

The sum of all of the voltage drops in a series circuit equals
the total applied voltage

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL):

The total current in a parallel circuit equals the sum of the
individual branch currents
Series Circuits: A circuit that contains only one path
for current flow

Parallel Circuits: A circuit that contains more than

one path for current flow

Electrical Power: Electrical power is directly

related to the amount of current and voltage within a system.
P=I.V

Dipoles: A magnet has two ends called poles (dipoles),

where the magnetic force is the strongest.
Magnetic Field Lines: Imaginary lines that map
out the magnetic field (B) around a magnet are known as
magnetic field lines or magnetic flux lines.

Magnetic Field Strength (B): The

number of magnetic lines of flux per unit area passing
through a plane perpendicular to the direction of the lines is
called the magnetic field strength (B).

Magnetism: Magnetism is the force of attraction or

repulsion between magnetic poles.

Electromagnet: An electromagnet is a
temporary magnet powered by electricity The magnetic
field disappears when the current ceases.

Solenoid: A solenoid is basically a springy coil of wire

that acts like a magnet when electricity runs through it.

Electromagnetic Induction: This is the

process of generating a potential difference (voltage) in a
conductor (wire) due to the motion of the conductor in a
magnetic field.

Generator: A generator is simply the same process in

reverse, converting mechanical energy into electricity.
Flux: Flux is just electric field times area