• Book: Janeway´s Immunobiology (Kenneth, Travers, Walport).

•
• Personnel

International Master • UBA Professor Emilio L. Malchiodi, Ph.D. emalchio@ffyb.uba.ar

• UBA Professor Pablo Baldi, Ph.D. pablobal@ffyb.uba.ar
in Biomedical • UBA Associated Professor Marisa M. Fernández, Ph.D.
mmfernan@ffyb.uba.ar
Sciences. Module IV. • UBA Adjunct Professor Daniel Gonzalez Maglio, Ph.D.
danielgm@ffyb.uba.ar
Immunology Section.
June 18th-27th, 2024. • Lab Work: Students must wear gloves and lab coats
•
• Students To Do List
• Download Publications and Lectures

• Evaluation: Open Book Exam (will be taken at the end of the

Section). Exam must be presented individually.
Infection and Immunity

Emilio Malchiodi
emalchio@ffyb.uba.ar
Immunology
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA

Marisa M. Fernández
mmfernan@ffyb.uba.ar
fernandezmarisa398@gmail.com
Immunology
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, UBA
Infection: virus, bacteria, yeast, protozoa and helminths

Human cell
 Barrier's disruption: 1st condition for
infecting
Recognition as non self

Innate Immune Response

Recognition as non self

Adaptive Immune response

Most pathogens are eliminated by the 1st and 2nd steps

Barriers
• Paul, Sujata & Hmar, Elbethel Lalthavel & Sharma, Hemanta. (2020). STRENGTHENING
IMMUNITY WITH IMMUNOSTIMULANTS: A REVIEW. 7. 35-64.

CKs
Immune System Organs

Primary
Secondary

Diffuse
Encapsulated
Innate and Adaptive Immune response

Cytokines

Phases
Recognition
Activation/ Proliferation and Diferentiation
Effector
 DAMPS ILC0

Innate lymphoid cells Plasticity

Innate and adaptive
immunity are
complementary
responses
Innate Immune Response
How are the
• Pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) for
pathogens • Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
recognized?
 Inflamation

Tumor

Aim of inflammation: - Avoid pathogen propagation

- Destruction

- Reparation of damages
1st defense line: Neutrophils for 24 h p.i.

integrins
Monocytes/Macrophages:
Arrive at 24 h p.i.
EFFECTOR MECHANISMS

Macrophages

Endocitic pathway

Lisosome-Phagosome Fusion

Respiratory Burst

OCl- *OH
O2 H2O2
O2- Peroxidase

SOD
Complement activation is a cascade that can be initiated
by different stimulus and follows different pathways
 Natural Killer (NK)
Balance of activating and inhibitory receptors

Essential in virus infections

Type I
IFNs
 Trained Innate Immune Response

Wu, C., Xu, Y. & Zhao, Y. Two kinds of macrophage memory: innate and adaptive immune-like macrophage memory. Cell Mol
Immunol 19, 852–854 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-022-00885-y
 How and where does
the adaptive immunity
begin?

Antigen presenting
cells (APC)
Dendritic Cells
in vesicles in cytosol:

Soluble Ag, Virus Protein produced by

Intracelullar pathogens intracelullar pathogens
Adaptive Immune Response
Where?

T CELLS
 Antigen Presentation to T cell

DC

Hennecke J, Wiley DC. T cell receptor-MHC interactions up close. Cell.

2001 Jan 12;104(1):1-4
 T helper Lymphocytes

IL-4

IL-12
IL-6/TGFB

IL-10

IL profile secreted depends on the type of pathogen . T

helper differentiation also depends on the type of
pathogen
Bacteria, virus

Bacteria, fungus
CD8 Lymphocytes Activation and
Differentiation
• Effector Lymphocytes
25x109 T-cells/day
1 T-cell pass ~1 time/day
Maturation process in the tymus and entry in the blood circulation as
CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells

Naive
The whole picture
Naive
LT efectores

Activación

% as memory T cells
B cells

ISOTYPE SWITCH
AFFINITY MATURATION
• LB antigen receptor is surface IgM that capture
antigen, incorporate it into the cell. Ag are
processed and presented in MHC context
B-T COLABORATION
What is the
process for a B-cell
Plasma cells and antibodies represent the final stage of B differentiation.
Antibody funtions
 B- and T-cells
Naive: not activated by antigen
Effector: activated by antigen

B cells T cell

RECEPTOR

BCR TCR

MATURATION

Bone Marrow Thymus

EFFECTORS

After Ag After Ag
Plasma cells Cytotoxic
Memory cells Th1, 2 or 17
Regulatory
Memory cells
Negative regulation of immune response

Ag /Ac /IC can produce negative feedback.

Cytokines also have antagonistic or inhibitory effects.

Hormones have immunosuppresor effects on immune

cells

Regulatory T lymphocytes are the main components of

self tolerance and also induce down regulation of
immune response
 Treg cells maintain
tolerance and limit
immunopathology

Treg cells
Immune responses can be both beneficial or harmful