NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA

Department of Chemical Engineering

End Semester Examination, Session: 2023-2024 (AUTUMN)
(B.Tech, 1st Semester)
Subject Name: Environmental & Safety Engineering Subject Code: CH1400

Duration: 3 hrs. Full Marks: 50

[All the questions of Group-I, II, and III are compulsory. The mark distributions have
been given in the right most column of all the questions. The answer to a question must
be written at one place.]

Group-I

Mark
Sl. No. Particulars
Distribution
1 Explain different processes of wastewater treatment. [5]
2 Write short notes on the followings:
(a) HAZOP
[2+2+2]
(b) OSHA
(c) Nitrogen cycle

Group-II

Sl. Mark
Particulars
No. Distribution
3 The dissolved oxygen in a sample of diluted wastewater having an
initial DO of 9 mg/l is measured to be 3 mg/l after 5 days. The
dilution fraction is 0.03 and reaction rate constant k=0.22 day-1.
[3]
Calculate:
(a) 5 day BOD of the waste, (b) ultimate BOD, and (c) What would
be the remaining oxygen demand after 5 days?
4 A coagulation treatment plant with a maximum flow of 4 m3/s is
dosing alum at 30 mg/l. Concentration of suspended solid in raw
water is 43 mg/L. The effluent suspended solid concentration is 17
mg/L. The sludge content is 2 % and specific gravity of sludge solids
[5]
is 4. What volume of sludge must be disposed of each day?
𝐴𝑙2 (𝑆𝑂4 )3 . 18𝐻2 𝑂 + 3𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 = 3𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4 + 2 𝐴𝑙(𝑂𝐻)3 ↓
+3𝐶𝑂2 + 15𝐻2 𝑂

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 5 If a rectangular sedimentation tank is treating 4.5 million litres/day.
The size of the tank is 24 x 8 x 4 m. If 150 ppm suspended solids are
present in the water, assuming 70% removal in the basin and the
average specific gravity as 2.0.
Determine the following:
[5]
(i) average flow of water through the tank
(ii) detention time
(iii) amount of solids deposited in the tank
(iv) overflow rate.

6 (a) A machine shop has two machines, one producing a sound

pressure level of 60 dB and one producing 58 dB. A new machine
producing 68 dB is brought into the room. What is the new sound
[2+1]
pressure level in the room?
(b) A sound source generates 60 dB. What would the SPL be 80 m
from the source?
7 A water treatment plant with an average flow of Q = 0.044 m3⋅s-1
treats its water with alum (Al2(SO4)3 ⋅ 14H2O) at a dose of 25 mg/L.
Alum coagulation is used to remove particulate matter, reduce the
concentration of organic matter, and reduce the alkalinity of the water
according to the stoichiometry below. If the organic matter
[5]
concentration is reduced from 8 mg/L to 3 mg/L determine the total
mass of alkalinity consumed and the total mass of dry solids removed
per day.
Al2(SO4)3.14H2O+6HCO3- = 2Al(OH)3 (s)+6CO2+14H2O+3SO42-

8 Design seven slow sand filter beds from the following data for the
water works of a town of population 90000; per capita demand as 165
[4]
litres/capita/day. Rate of filtrations as 180 litres/hour/m2. Out of
seven units, two unit is to be kept as standby.
9 Find the terminal settling velocity of a spherical discrete particle with
diameter 1 mm and specific gravity of 2.79 settling through water at
20 0C with laminar flow condition.
[2]
Density of water = 1000 kg /m3
Viscosity of water = 0.001 N.s/m2
10 A new treatment plant installed rapid sand filters after their
sedimentation tanks. The design loading rate to the filter is 240
m3/day.m2. How much filter surface area should be provided for their [2]
design flow rate of 1 m3/s? If the surface area per filter box is to be
limited to 60 m2, how many filter boxes are required?
11 (a) What is the minimum size of the particle that will be removed
with 100% efficiency from a settling chamber under the following
conditions;
Viscosity of air = 2.1 x 10-5 kg/m.s
Air horizontal velocity = 45 cm/s [2+4]
Particle specific gravity = 2.4
Chamber length = 9 m; Height = 2 m
(b) A cyclone is used to separate particulate material from air. The
cyclone has specifications of: body diameter = 1 m, height of inlet

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 = 15 cm, width of inlet = 15 cm, length of cone = 1.2 m, length of
body = 1.8 m. Flow rate of air-particulate mixture is 200 m3/min.
Density of the particle is 1800 kg/m3. Density and viscosity of air
are 1.204 kg/m3 and 1.81 x 10-5 kg/m.s.

Particle size distributions are as follows:

Particle size (dp) in μm % mass in that size range (m/M)
0-2 1
2-4 9
4-6 10
6-10 30
10-18 30
18-30 14
30-50 5
50-100 1
Calculate collection efficiencies and contribution to performances of
each particle size range.

Group-III

Mark
Sl. No. Particulars
Distribution
12 Choose the correct answer.
(a) Which chemical is used for water softening process?
(i) Mg(OH)2
(ii) CaCO3
(iii) Na2CO3
(iv) All of the above [1+1]
(b) Which one of the following is/are secondary air pollutants?
(i) Carbon monoxide
(ii) smoke
(iii) Ozone
(iv) All of the above
13 Match the followings:
(a) Stationary source (i) NO2
(b) Mobile source (ii) Smoke
(c) Primary pollutant (iii) Emission from train engine [2]
(d) Secondary pollutant (iv) Construction site
(e) Line source (v) Ozone

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