MATH 142 – CALCULUS II

THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS,

TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION
TUTORIAL 3 ALL COHORTS 23 MAY 2024
Objectives for the Week

1. Evaluate definite integrals

2. Evaluate definite integrals using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
3. Understand Techniques of Integration
4. Use Techniques of Integration to solve real-life problems

1. THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS/ POWER RULE

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus tells us that the exact area under a continuous function f over an
interval [𝑎, 𝑏]is calculated directly using a definite integral:

𝑏
∫ f(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = F(b) − F(a)
𝑎

Integrate the following:

 (x + 3) dx
2 4 2
 
2 2
1. i. x 3 dx ii. xdx iii.
0 0 −2

 1 1
 ( 3x − 4 x + 2 ) dx
2 −1
  2 − 3  dx
2
2. i. ii. iii. ∫(5𝑥 + 7) 𝑑𝑥
−1 −2
x x 

2 1 5 1
3. i. .∫1
𝑡2
𝑑𝑡 ii. ∫2 (𝑥 3 − 𝜋𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫0 (𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4 )𝑑𝑦

1 9 1
4. i. ∫0 2𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ii. ∫4 √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫0 (6𝑞 2 + 4) 𝑑𝑞

5 4 1 2
5. i. ∫0 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫1 𝑑𝑡 iii. ∫0 (3𝑡 2 + 4𝑡 + 3)𝑑𝑡
√𝑥

2. INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

The following formulas provide a basis for an integration technique called substitution:

𝑢𝑟+1
A. ∫ 𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑟+1
+ 𝑐 , assuming 𝑟 ≠ −1

B. ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑐
1 1
C. ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑢| + 𝑐, or ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑢| +𝑐, 𝑢 > 0

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Other identities:

−1
a. ∫ sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑑𝑥 = cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐
𝑎
1
b. ∫ cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑑𝑥 = sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐
𝑎
1
c. ∫ 𝑎𝑥+𝑏 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏| + 𝑐

Integrate the following using Substitution:

1
6. i. ∫(𝑥 + 4)5 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ cos(3𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 iii ∫ 1−2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3 1
7. i. ∫1 (9 + 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫(𝑥 − 2)3 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫0 (𝑥 + 5)4 𝑑𝑥

1
8. i. ∫(2x − 1)7 dx ii. ∫−1(1 − x)3 dx iii. ∫ sin(7x − 3)dx

1
9. i. ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ 7𝑥+5 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ 2𝑥√1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

4𝑥 sin √𝑥
10. i. ∫ √2𝑥2 +1 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ 5𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥

𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
11. i. ∫ 2 ii. ∫ 𝑥 4 (1 + 𝑥 5 )3 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥(1+√𝑥) √𝑥 4 +16

cos 𝑥 1 𝑥3
12. i. ∫ (5+sin 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫0 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ 5𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 4 +12

5
13. i. ∫ 𝑒 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫0 𝑥 3 √𝑥 4 + 1𝑑𝑥

1 1 1 5
14. i. ∫0 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)5 dx ii. ∫0 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 1𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫0 (5𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥

2 𝑥+1 3 𝑑𝑥 1 5
15. i. ∫1 (𝑥 2 +2𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫0𝑥+1
iii. ∫0 (5𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥

Integration by Substitution - Application Problems

16. The rate of increase in the number of women 𝑊 (in millions) in the Nigerian civilian labour force
𝑑𝑊 1280
from 2000 through 2005 can be modeled by 𝑑𝑡
= (15.08−0.128𝑡)2, where 𝑡 is the year, with 𝑡 =

0 corresponding to 2000. In 2000, there were about 66.3 million women in the labour force.

(a) Find a function for the number of women in the labour force.

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(b) How many women were in the labour force in 2005?

18. A lumber company has determined that the rate of weight loss 𝑊 (in pounds) for a ponderosa pine log
𝑑𝑊 12
after 𝑡 days of drying time can be approximated by = , 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 100. No weight loss occurs
𝑑𝑡 √ 16𝑡+9

until the tree is cut (𝑡 = 0).

(a) Find the weight loss function.

(b) Find the weight loss after 100 days.

19. An evergreen nursery usually sells a type of shrub after 5 years of growth and shaping. The growth
𝑑ℎ 17.6𝑡
rate during those 5 years is approximated by = , where 𝑡 is time in years and ℎ is height in
𝑑𝑡 √17.6𝑡 2 +1

inches. The seedlings are 6 inches tall when planted (𝑡 = 0)

(a) Find the height function.

(b) How tall are the shrubs when they are sold?

𝑑𝐶
20. The growth rate of a type of plant cell 𝐶(in hundreds) is modeled by 𝑑𝑡
= 4√𝑡 + 1, where 𝑡 is the

time in days. When 𝑡 = 0, 𝐶 = 9.

(a) Find a function for the number of cells.

(b) Determine the number of cells and the corresponding growth rate when 𝑡 = 5.

21. The growth rate of the population 𝑃 (in millions) in the suburbs of a southeastern Ghanaian city,
𝑑𝑃
Koforidua, from 2000 through 2006 can be modeled by = 0.06𝑡(0.005𝑡 2 + 1)2 , where 𝑡 is the year,
𝑑𝑡

with 𝑡 = 0 corresponding to 2000. In 2005, the population was 3 million.

(a) Find the population function.

(b) Determine the population and the corresponding growth rate in the year 2024.

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3. INTEGRATION BY PARTS

Recall the Product Rule for differentiation,

𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 +𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Integrating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get

𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑣 = ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

Solving for ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣, we get the following theorem,

∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

Use Integration by Parts to integrate the given functions.

 x cos xdx x e e
2 −x x
22. i. ii. dx iii. sin xdx

 x e dx x 1 − xdx  x sin xdx

3 x
23. i. ii. iii.

x  sin x
2 2 2
24. i. cos xdx ii. xdx iii. ln xdx

 xe x  ( ln x )
3x 3 2
25. i. dx ii. ln xdx iii. dx

(x + 1)dx  ( 5 + 3x ) e  x ( ln x )
2 −x 3
26. i. ii. 2
dx iii. dx

 xe  te  (1 − x ) e dx
−x 1− t x
27. i. dx ii. dt iii.

 t ln 2tdt x  x ( ln x )
2
29. i. ii. x − 6dx iii. dx

3
30. i. ∫0 ln(𝑥 + 7)𝑑𝑥 ii. Ii. ∫ ln(𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ 𝑥 2 ln(5𝑥)𝑑𝑥

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31. i. ∫ 𝑥 √𝑥 + 2𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫(𝑥 − 1) ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ ln(𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

32. i. ∫ 𝑥 ln √𝑥𝑑𝑥 ii. ∫ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii. ∫ 𝑥 2 (2𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Integration by Parts - Application Problems

33. The concentration, 𝐶, in 𝑛𝑔/𝑚𝑙, of a drug in the blood as a function of the time, 𝑡, in hours since the
drug was administered is given by 𝐶 = 15𝑡𝑒 −0.2𝑡 . The area under the concentration curve is a measure of
the overall effect of the drug on the body, called the bioavailability. Find the bioavailability of the drug
between 𝑡 = 0 and 𝑡 = 3.

34. During a surge in the demand for electricity, the rate, 𝑟, at which energy is used can be approximated
by 𝑟 = 𝑡𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 , where 𝑡 is the time in hours and 𝑎 is a positive constant.

(a) Find the total energy, 𝐸, used in the first 𝑇 hours. Give your answer as a function of a.

(b) What happens to 𝐸 as 𝑇 → ∞?

35. A model for the ability 𝑀 of a child to memorize, measured on a scale from 0 to 10, is 𝑀 = 1 +
1.6𝑡 ln 𝑡, 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 4, where 𝑡 is the child’s age in years. Find the average values of this model (a) between
the child’s first and second birthdays and (b) between the child’s third and fourth birthdays.
𝑑𝐿
37. The rate of change in the length 𝐿 (in centimeters) of a species of vine can be modeled by 𝑑𝑡
=
0.01𝑡
0.18𝑡𝑒 , 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 30, where 𝑡 is the number of days after germination has taken place. Find the net
change in the length of the vine between 7 and 21 days after germination.

38. The percent 𝑃 of Hispanic enrollment in U.S. public schools from 2001 through 2005 can be modeled
by 𝑃 = 17.3 + 0.70√𝑡 ln 𝑡, where 𝑡 is the year, with corresponding to 2001. Find the average percent of
Hispanic enrollment from 2001 through 2005.

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