BON PLC

DEFINITIONS:

Freelancer: a self-employed individual who works on short-term contracts or project basis for
various clients. Examples might be music performers, music composers, choreographers,
videographers, marketers, and publicists.
Average cost, also known as unit cost, refers to the cost per unit of production or output. It
essentially tells you how much it costs, on average, to produce one unit of a good or service.
Bamboo plates and cutlery: Contributes to sustainability
Company: A legal entity formed by one or more persons to carry on business.
Employees: People who are employed by a company or organization.
Expansion: The act or process of increasing the size, scope, or range of something.
Fee: A fixed or predetermined amount of money charged for a particular service.
Finance: The management of money, especially the raising of capital by corporations and
governments.
Greenwashing: The deceptive use of green sustainability claims for marketing purposes. eg in
music festivals transportation, energy use, littering, and waste.
Interest rate: The percentage of a loan that the borrower has to pay back to the lender over and
above the amount borrowed. / the cost of borrowing money.
Landfill site: A site for the disposal of waste materials by burial.
Line manager: A manager who is directly responsible for the work of a team of employees. -
The person is an employee on the next hierarchical level in an organizational structure. Line
managers supervise their subordinates on a day-to-day basis.
Location: A particular position or place in space.
Public limited company: A company whose shares are traded on a stock exchange.
Public limited company: (as in Before One PLC) is a limited liability business organization
owned by shareholders, such as the shareholders of BON. Shares in the company are openly
traded on a public stock exchange such as the London Stock Exchange.
Reservoir: A large artificial lake created by damming a river or stream to store water.
Solar power: Energy from the sun that is converted into electricity or heat.
Permanent Employees: Someone who is hired by a company and does not have a set end and
date for employment.
Temporary workers: Someone who is hired for a set period or to help with a large project when
the business is short-handed.
Contract: An agreement between two parties that creates an obligation to perform a particular
duty.
Carpooling: The sharing of car journeys so that more than one person travels in a car.
Value addition: The additional features or economic values that a company adds to its products
or services before offering them to customers.
Initial Public Offering: In an IPO, a privately owned company lists its shares on a stock
exchange, making them available for purchase by the general public.
Ethics: refers to the moral principles, values and beliefs that shape decision-making and
behavior.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): refers to the responsibilities a company holds
according to the social aspect.

STEEPLE ANALYSIS

Social Factors

● Changing consumer preferences - Shifting demographics and evolving tastes amongst

music festival goers towards eco-friendly and sustainable practices.
● Cultural diversity - Diversity in cultural backgrounds and preferences amongst attendees,
influences music genre preferences and different festival experiences.
● Health and safety concerns - Heightened awareness of health and safety measures post-
COVID-19, impacting attendee expectations and event logistics and safeguarding
arrangements.
● Liaising with local community groups and local authorities to ensure any concerns of
local people (in the proximity of the farmland where BON's events are held) are
understood and addressed wherever possible and practical.
Technological Factor F

● Digital transformation - Increasing use of digital technologies for ticketing, marketing,

and virtual concert experiences, reshaping music festivals' in-person and virtual
landscape.
● Data analytics - Utilization of data analytics tools to analyze attendee behaviour, optimize
marketing strategies, and enhance personalised experiences of festival goers.
● Renewable energy technologies - Advancements in renewable energy technologies, such
as solar power, offer opportunities for BON to reduce its environmental impact and
operational costs in the long term.

Economic Factors

● Economic uncertainties - Fluctuations in macroeconomic conditions, such as recessions

or high rates of unemployment in many parts of Europe, affect consumer spending on
leisure activities like music festivals.
● Cost of living crises - Rising costs due to inflation result in higher prices of music festival
tickets, travel expenses, and accommodation, potentially limiting attendance and
affecting revenues for BON.
● Financial stability - This factor refers to BON's ability to maintain financial stability
amidst market uncertainties and competitive pressures in the music festival industry from
other organizers and events such as the Glastonbury Festival in the UK.

Environmental Factors

○ Climate change - The increasing frequency of extreme weather events and

environmental concerns across the globe necessitate sustainable policies and practices for
outdoor music festivals. Take the example here where a major storm caused the music
festival to be canceled.
○ Water and waste management - There is a growing emphasis on waste reduction,
recycling, and environmental conservation, influencing BON's water and waste
management strategies and sustainability initiatives.
 ○ Resource availability - There is growing concern about the use of natural resources,
such as water sources for festival sites, and the impact of resource scarcity on BON's
operational logistics and sustainability efforts.

Political Factors

● Regulatory compliance - Adherence to government regulations and permits for events

planning, venue operations, safeguarding arrangements, and environmental standards,
impact BON's compliance efforts and operational costs.
● Government support - Government policies and incentives may promote cultural events
and tourism, especially in the post-COVID era, influencing BON's access to finance,
sponsorships, and strategic partnerships.

Legal Factors

● Health and safety regulations - Compliance with health and safety regulations, crowd
control/management protocols, events security, and emergency response procedures for
music festival events.
● Intellectual Property Rights (PRs) - Protection of intellectual property rights for music
performers and corporate sponsors, addressing copyright, licensing, and contractual
agreements.
● Environmental legislation - Adherence to environmental laws, waste management
regulations, and sustainability standards, and guiding BON's environmental initiatives
and corporate social responsibility (CS) practices.

Ethical factors

● Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - BON's commitment to ethical business

practices, community engagement, and environmental governance, thereby influencing
stakeholder perceptions and brand reputation of BON.
 ● Fair labor practices - Ensuring fair wages for temporary employees and salaries for full-
time employees, favorable terms and conditions of work, as well as the rights for
temporary workers, freelancers, and subcontractors involved in music festival operations.
● Transparency and accountability - This refers to the need for transparency in
communications, decision-making processes, and financial reporting, fostering trust
amongst BON's key stakeholder groups as well as accountability for the company's
actions
COSTS AND REVENUE
Costs could include:
● Staffing costs, for the 60 permanent employees, as well as for the temporary workers.
● Costs of freelance service providers, such as photography and videography.
● Music performers - The cost of booking festival acts will depend on agency fees and the
individual music performer.
● Site hire (paid to the five farmers in the case of BON).
● Staging costs (for BON's 60 stages).
● Utility bills, including water charges for the on-site toilets.
● Waste disposal during and after each music festival.
● Signage, banners, and other printed materials.
● Marketing (including BTL, ATL, or TTL promotional campaigns).
● Capital equipment costs, e.g., ticketing apps and hardware to accept credit card
payments.
● Equipment hire, e.g., public announcement (PA) systems and lighting for each stage.
● Insurance, including public liability insurance.
● Security costs. : guards.
● Fees for licenses and permits.
● Infrastructure for outdoor music events, e.g., car parking, camping sites, and
scaffolding for stage set-up.

Revenue streams can come from multiple sources, including but not limited to:
● Ticket sales for music concerts and festivals.
 ● Camping charges to campers and glampers (who is willing to pay for added extras such
as tents with power, Wi-Fi, air-conditioning, air-inflated beds, and private toilets).
● Sponsorship deals.
● Merchandise sales.
● Rent is paid by vendors, such as traders at the festivals selling food and beverages.

Sustainable Business Practices for BON's Music Festivals:

1. Waste Management: BON can implement a comprehensive waste management system,

including encouraging recycling and composting, to minimize landfill waste and environmental
impact.
2. Renewable Energy: BON can explore powering its festivals with renewable energy sources
like solar panels or wind turbines, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and their associated
emissions.
3. Local Sourcing: BON can prioritize sourcing materials and food locally, reducing
transportation emissions, and supporting local businesses.
4. Water Efficiency: BON can promote water conservation by installing low-flow toilets and
offering reusable water bottles, reducing water usage and its environmental impact.

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Music Festivals:

1. Cancellation and Postponement: Many festivals were cancelled or postponed due to public
health concerns, leading to significant revenue loss and disruption of operations.
2. Financial Strain: Festivals faced financial strain due to cancelled events, leading to layoffs,
reduced marketing budgets, and potential difficulty securing funding for future events.
3. Shift to Virtual Events: The pandemic led to the rise of virtual festivals, impacting traditional
revenue streams like ticket sales and merchandise and potentially affecting long-term audience
behaviour.
Sources of Finance for Music Festivals:

1. Debt Financing: Entrepreneurs can secure loans from banks or other financial institutions to
finance festival operations and infrastructure investments.
2. Equity Financing: Entrepreneurs can raise capital by selling shares in their business to
investors, giving up some ownership but gaining access to funds.

Impact of Higher Interest Rates:

1. Higher interest rates make borrowing money more expensive, increasing the cost of debt
financing for festivals. This can lead to:
2. Reduced investment in sustainability: Festivals may prioritize short-term financial
stability and be less willing to invest in sustainable solutions due to higher borrowing
costs.
3. Increased ticket prices: To maintain profitability, festivals might raise ticket prices to
compensate for higher debt financing costs, potentially impacting attendance and
revenue.

SWOT Analysis for Before One PLC (BON):

Strengths:

1. Experience and Expertise: BON has been organizing music festivals since 2001, giving them
valuable experience and expertise in the industry. This knowledge can be leveraged to ensure
smooth operations and successful events.
2. Established Contracts: BON has contracts with five farmers to use their farmland for festivals.
These agreements provide a stable and consistent venue for their events, reducing the uncertainty
of finding suitable locations.
3. Brand Reputation: Over the years, BON has built a strong brand reputation in the music
festival industry. This reputation can attract both attendees and artists, leading to increased ticket
sales and partnerships with popular musicians.
4. Diverse revenue streams
Weaknesses:

1. Reliance on Temporary Workers: BON relies on temporary workers and freelancers for its
festivals. This dependence on temporary staff may result in inconsistent quality of work and
potential challenges in maintaining a cohesive team.
2. Environmental Sustainability Challenges: BON's directors regard environmental sustainability
as a significant challenge. The music festival industry is known for generating a large amount of
waste, and addressing this issue may require additional resources and innovative solutions, which
can be a weakness if not effectively managed.
3. Seasonal Nature of Festivals: BON's festival season runs from May to August. This seasonal
nature of the business can result in revenue fluctuations and limited opportunities for generating
income throughout the year.
4.

Opportunities:

1. Growing Music Festival Industry: The global music festival industry is growing, with an
increasing number of festivals taking place globally. This presents BON with opportunities to
expand its market reach and attract a larger audience.
2. Diversification of Music Genres: Music festivals vary in terms of music genres, and BON can
explore diversifying its festival offerings to cater to different target audiences. This can help
attract a wider range of attendees and increase ticket sales.
3. Expansion into New Locations: BON can consider expanding its operations to new locations
or regions with a demand for music festivals. This can help BON tap into new markets and
increase its overall market share.
Threats:

1. Competition: The music festival industry is highly competitive, with many organizers vying
for attendees and artists. BON faces the threat of competition from both established players and
new entrants, which can impact its market position and revenue.
2. Regulatory and Permitting Challenges: Organizing music festivals involves obtaining permits,
and licenses, and complying with various regulatory requirements. Changes in regulations or
difficulties in obtaining necessary approvals can pose challenges and potentially disrupt BON's
festival operations.
3. Economic Uncertainty: Economic fluctuations and uncertainties can impact consumer
spending on discretionary activities like attending music festivals. A downturn in the economy
may result in reduced ticket sales and lower revenue for BON, may also result in sales turnover
as a result of ticket cancellation .
4. Bad weather

ANSOFF MATRIX:

The Ansoff Matrix is a strategic framework that helps identify growth strategies for a company
based on its products and markets. Here's an application of the Ansoff Matrix for Before One
PLC (BON):

1. Market Penetration:

BON can focus on market penetration by targeting existing markets and increasing their market
share. Strategies under market penetration could include:
- Increasing marketing efforts and promotional activities to attract more attendees to their
existing festivals.
- Offering loyalty programs or incentives to encourage repeat attendance.
- Collaborating with popular artists or influencers to expand their reach and attract new
attendees.
2. Product Development:

BON can consider product development strategies to introduce new offerings to existing
markets. This could involve:
- Diversifying the music genres or themes of their festivals to cater to different audience
preferences.
- Introducing new stages or entertainment options to enhance the festival experience.
- Partnering with local food vendors or incorporating unique culinary experiences to add value
for attendees.

3. Market Development:

BON can explore market development strategies to enter new markets with their existing
products. This could include:
- Expanding their music festivals to new geographical locations or countries where there is a
demand for such events.
- Collaborating with local event organizers or industry partners to establish a presence in new
markets.
- Customizing their festivals to cater to specific cultural or regional preferences of the target
market.

4. Diversification:

BON can pursue diversification strategies by introducing new products or services in new
markets. This could involve:
- Venturing into related areas such as organizing other types of events like art exhibitions or
sports tournaments.
- Offering festival-related merchandise or exclusive festival experiences for sale.
- Providing event management services or consulting to other organizers or businesses in the
entertainment industry.
TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE

1. Economic Role:
● BON PLC's primary role is to generate revenue and profitability through the
organization of music festivals. As a public limited company, BON PLC aims to
maximize shareholder value and financial performance.
● By organizing multiple festivals and securing contracts with farmers, BON PLC
contributes to local economies by creating job opportunities and attracting
tourism. The festivals generate income for various stakeholders, including
suppliers, vendors, and local businesses.
● BON PLC's conversion to a public limited company in 2016 indicates its intention
to raise finance for expansion, which can lead to further economic growth and
business development.
2. Environmental Role:
● BON PLC's directors regard environmental sustainability as a significant
challenge. This suggests that the company acknowledges its responsibility to
minimize its environmental impact.
● BON PLC can adopt environmentally friendly practices during the setup,
operation, and dismantling of the festivals. This can include reducing waste
generation, implementing recycling initiatives, using renewable energy sources,
and minimizing carbon emissions.
● The company can also consider the environmental impact of its choice of festival
locations, ensuring that it does not harm sensitive ecosystems or protected areas.
3. Social Role:
● BON PLC's music festivals contribute to the social fabric of communities by
providing entertainment, cultural experiences, and opportunities for social
interaction. Festivals can foster a sense of community and contribute to the local
culture and identity.
 ● BON PLC can prioritize the health and safety of festival attendees by
implementing proper security measures, ensuring adequate sanitation facilities,
and addressing any potential risks or hazards.
● In terms of corporate social responsibility, BON PLC can engage in initiatives
that benefit the local community, such as supporting local charities, promoting
diversity and inclusion, and partnering with local businesses.

TOPICAL QUESTIONS

Introduction to Business Management:

1. Role of BON PLC

BON PLC: BON PLC is a company that specializes in organizing music festivals. Its primary
role is to plan, coordinate, and execute the festivals, ensuring that they meet the expectations of
attendees and stakeholders. BON PLC is responsible for securing contracts with farmers to use
their farmland as festival sites, managing the setup and dismantling process, arranging necessary
infrastructure such as stages, camping areas, toilets, and waste bins, hiring and managing a
workforce of permanent employees, temporary workers, and freelancers, and addressing
environmental sustainability challenges. Additionally, as a public limited company, BON PLC
has the responsibility to raise finance for its expansion and operate in compliance with relevant
regulations and reporting requirements.

Why it falls under the tertiary sector

1) Intangible Outputs: BON PLC primarily provides services in the form of organizing and
managing music festivals. Unlike the primary sector (which involves the extraction of raw
materials) or the secondary sector (which involves manufacturing and production), BON PLC
does not produce tangible goods.
2) Focus on Service Provision: The main focus of BON PLC is to deliver high-quality
experiences and services to festival-goers. This includes providing entertainment, infrastructure,
security, and other services related to the festivals.
3) Value Addition: BON PLC adds value to the music festival industry by curating unique
experiences, coordinating logistics, and ensuring the smooth execution of events. The emphasis
is on delivering a service that enhances the enjoyment and satisfaction of attendees.

2. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

Land: BON contracts with farmers to use their farmland as the location for the music festivals.
The land serves as the physical space where the festivals are held.

Labor: BON employs a combination of permanent employees, temporary workers, and

freelancers to organize and manage the festivals. The 60 permanent employees handle various
roles within the company, while temporary workers and freelancers are likely hired to support
specific festival-related tasks.

Capital: Capital refers to the financial resources and infrastructure needed for production. In the
case of BON, capital is required to finance the expansion of the company and cover expenses
such as setting up festival sites, purchasing or renting equipment, and managing the logistical
aspects of the festivals.

Entrepreneurship: BON's directors play a crucial role in organizing and managing the music
festivals. They make strategic decisions, oversee operations, handle financial matters, and
address challenges, such as environmental sustainability concerns.

CHANGE in legal structure:

3. BON from a private limited company to a public limited company to raise finance for
expansion
Private limited companies who wish to access large amounts of capital in order to grow may
decide to 'go public' in an Initial Public Offering (IPO). An IPO refers to the sale of a company’s
shares to the public for the first time. The IPO results in the company becoming a public limited
company. Public limited companies therefore have greater access to capital than do private
companies. However, in exchange, they must publish their financial accounts, making this
information available to the public, including potential competitors. Another disadvantage of
going public is that public limited companies can be 'taken over' by other companies, sometimes
because they have been poorly managed.
4. BON strategies and tactics in relation to line managers and directors
(What is the relationship between BON’s line managers, greenwashing and the directors’ being
challenged by environmental sustainability)

Strategies (Directors- given

responsibility to run/oversee by Tactics (Line managers- oversee
shareholders) different departments)

Decided by senior management Decided by middle and line management

Involve the medium to long-term Involve the short to medium-term

May be risky Risk is comparatively low

A large investment may be required Likely to require fewer resources

Not easily reversed Easier to change or modify

5. Ethical Objectives and CSR

Business ethics relates to how individuals, groups, and organizations set priorities and make
decisions that involve moral principles in a professional context. In addition to the economic and
performance-oriented objectives described earlier, many organizations set ethical objectives
they hope to achieve.
Waste Management: Implementing effective waste management practices can
significantly reduce the environmental footprint of festivals. BON PLC can:

○ Set up recycling stations throughout the festival site to encourage attendees to

separate their waste into recyclables and non-recyclables.
○ Provide clearly labelled bins for different types of waste, such as paper, plastic,
glass, and organic waste.
○ Collaborate with waste management companies to ensure proper collection,
sorting, and disposal of waste after the festival.
○ Encourage the use of biodegradable or compostable food containers and cutlery to
minimize single-use plastic waste.

Renewable Energy: BON PLC can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on
fossil fuels by incorporating renewable energy sources during festivals. They can:

○ Install solar panels or use portable solar generators to power stages, lighting, and
other festival infrastructure.
○ Explore wind energy options, especially if the festival site is located in a windy
area.
○ Optimize energy efficiency by using LED lighting and energy-efficient
equipment.

Water Conservation: Festivals often require a significant amount of water for various
purposes, such as sanitation and irrigation. BON PLC can:

○ Install water-saving fixtures and equipment, such as low-flow toilets and efficient
irrigation systems.
○ Encourage attendees to use water responsibly and raise awareness about water
conservation through signage and educational campaigns.
○ Implement water recycling systems to reuse water for non-potable purposes, such
as flushing toilets or irrigation.

Sustainable Transportation:
 ○ Promote and incentivize carpooling, public transportation, or cycling to reduce the
carbon footprint associated with attendee transportation.
○ Provide designated areas for bike parking and shuttle services to and from nearby
public transportation hubs.
○ Partner with local transportation providers to offer discounts or special routes for
festival attendees.

Environmental Education:

○ Raise awareness about environmental issues and promote sustainable practices

among festival attendees through educational campaigns, workshops, and
interactive exhibits.
○ Collaborate with environmental organizations or NGOs to provide educational
content and initiatives related to environmental sustainability.

Green Partnerships:

○ Collaborate with vendors and suppliers that share BON PLC's commitment to
environmental sustainability. Prioritize working with eco-friendly suppliers who
use sustainable materials or practices.
○ Engage with local environmental organizations or initiatives to support
environmental causes and projects.

Marketing:

● How does BON market its music festivals to attract attendees?

● What marketing strategies does BON employ to differentiate its festivals from
competitors?
● How does BON determine the target audience for each of its music festivals?
● What promotional channels does BON utilize to create awareness and generate interest in
its festivals?
● How does BON leverage social media platforms for marketing its festivals?
 ● Does BON engage in influencer marketing to promote its festivals? If yes, how does it
select influencers?
● What role does branding play in BON's marketing efforts for its music festivals?
● How does BON measure the effectiveness of its marketing campaigns for the festivals?
● Does BON conduct market research to identify trends and preferences in the music
festival industry?
● How does BON communicate the unique selling 5 points of its festivals to potential
attendees?
● Does BON offer any special ticket packages or discounts to attract festival-goers?
● How does BON utilize customer feedback to improve its festivals and marketing
strategies?
● What measures does BON take to ensure customer satisfaction during the festivals?
● How does BON handle customer complaints or issues that may arise during the festivals?
● What role does word-of-mouth marketing play in BON's overall marketing strategy for
its festivals?

Operations

Private Limited company

● A Private Limited Company is a company that can only raise share capital from friends
and family, not the general public. Directors can maintain overall control over the
business as they control the trading of shares in their company. Owners (shareholders) of
private businesses have more of a say as there are less shareholders so more influence
over business decisions. It is relatively less expensive to start a private limited company
rather than a public one, however private companies do not tend to be able to raise as
much finance as public limited companies.

Public limited company

● A Public Limited Company is a company that is able to advertise and sell its shares to
the general public via the stock exchange. They must carry the letters PLC after their
name to indicate that it is a Public Limited Company. A disadvantage is that there is a
 dilution of control as the company has more owners (and voters) which thereby weakens
shareholders’ ability to control the business. Public companies often raise more share
capital than private companies. They are also exposed to takeover bids from other
investors that seek to purchase a majority stake in the business.
Why would a company transition from being a private limited company to a public
company?
1. Greater financial flexibility
2. Increased corporate profile and visibility in the market thus attracting attention
from potential investors and customers.
While going public might make it easier or cheaper for a company to raise capital, it complicates
plenty of other matters. There are disclosure requirements, such as filing quarterly and annual
financial reports. They must answer to shareholders, and there are reporting requirements for
things like stock trading by senior executives or other moves, like selling assets or considering
acquisitions.

Before One PLC (BON) Music festivals were growing in number globally. Festivals vary in
location, size, and music genre. They include commercial multiple-day events on farmland and
community-led events in public-owned parks. Before One PLC (BON), a European company has
organized music festivals since 2001. In 2016, BON converted from a private limited company
to a public limited company to raise finance for expansion. BON has 60 permanent employees
but also relies on temporary workers and freelancers.BON organizes five music festivals each
year and has contracts with five farmers to use their farmland for an average fee of $100000.
BON must clean up after a festival at an average cost of $250,000 per festival. BON’s directors
regard environmental sustainability as a significant challenge. BON’s festival season runs from
May to August. Each music festival runs from Friday to Sunday. Each festival site:- takes two
weeks to set up and one week to dismantle- requires security fencing, 60 stages, enough space
for camping, 3000 toilets, and 25000 waste bins.

BON's commitment to environmental sustainability is reflected in its use of bamboo plates and
cutlery to reduce plastic waste at its festivals. However, the COVID-19 pandemic posed a
significant challenge in 2020 and 2021, forcing BON to cancel two festivals each year. Despite
this setback, BON implemented strict health and safety measures at its remaining festivals,
including contactless payments using credit cards to reduce the risk of transmission.In response
to the pandemic, BON also explored new ways to engage with its audience, such as live
streaming music concerts from its festival sites. This initiative not only provided entertainment to
fans but also generated additional revenue for BON. To fund its expansion plans, BON secured a
loan with a competitive interest rate from a reputable financial institution. This allowed BON to
invest in renewable energy sources, such as solar power, to reduce its carbon footprint.
Additionally, BON partnered with local authorities to ensure proper waste management,
including the use of landfill sites and recycling facilities.BON's dedication to environmental
sustainability goes beyond its festival sites. The company's offices are equipped with solar
panels, and employees are encouraged to use public transport or carpools to reduce emissions.
Furthermore, BON's line managers are trained to identify and prevent greenwashing, ensuring
that the company's environmental initiatives are genuine and impactful. In conclusion, BON's
innovative approach to organizing music festivals has not only entertained audiences but also set
a new standard for environmental responsibility in the industry.

Possible Questions
→ Possible Questions about certain aspects of the case study

Before One PLC (BON), a European company, has organized music festivals since 2001.In
2016, BON converted from a private limited company to a public limited company to raise
finance for expansion. BON has 60 permanent employees but also relies on temporary workers
and freelancers.

Possible questions:
- Private and public ltd. comparisons. Why convert? Advantage of public over private ltd?
- Type of organization structure Shamrock – merits and demerits (temporary workers &
freelancers mentioned)
 - Matrix organization (line manager mentioned)
- Project structure
- Expansion. Ansoff matrix Organic growth
- A strategic alliance to conduct a festival
BON organizes five music festivals each year and has contracts with five farmers to use their
farmland for an average fee of $100 000. BON must clean up after a festival at an average cost of
$250 000 per festival. BON’s directors regard environmental sustainability as a significant
challenge
Possible questions:

BON’s festival season runs from May to August. Each music festival runs from Friday to
Sunday. Each festival site takes two weeks to set up and one week to dismantle, requires security
fencing, 60 stages, enough space for camping, 3000 toilets, and 25 000 waste bins.
1.