Ivete) aya SIENA G PAY ENE SURGERY SLATTER Third Edition VORIIME‘CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION 'S Haskins, J. Aldch, K. Hopper, 8. Smarck Irtubate and ventiate (every 3 seconds) External chost compressions (80-120 par mate) ‘Stange comprosson tocmique| roar Ineevenous Ara Frasier or stoma Brectmoarsoprarny § poanaiead Hold compression longer saves compressions Held compress tecwve? Change compressors se eugmaning chaque “abdominal ccurerpressre Flds Yes No Intermetantatdorit are Bctoamscrashy yim g—! | aria ‘eompcession (Open chest dract heat compression Asya Ventricular Pulselose ‘eilaton slectiea! acy 4. pinophuino 4, Extemaldoteilation 1. Fis 2 Alopine 2. Gartopulmonary 2 Oxygen and ventilation 53. Epinephrine resusctatoneprephine 3. Epinephrine 4, Fluids 8, Extomal gation 4 Atopne 5. Vasopressin 4, Cardiopulmonary 53. Sodium bicarbonate 8 Sodum bicarbonate" “resusclatcrlvasopressin 6. Underying disease 7 Epinepnains 5. Extonalsoteiltion 7 Calcium 8, Calcium 6: Inlernal detbation 8, Magnesium 8. Epivephvine 8. Coficostoroies 10, Hloctieal pacing 10, Bigcatcal pacing Fluids (dog): Isotonic erystaloit, 40 ml/g; cololds, 10 mLKg 7.5% hypertonic salina, 6 mLkg; 25% mannitol, Ao mLkg vous for cats) Epinaphene, 0.0202 mal (0.02A0.2 mLikg of 1:1000); vasopressin, 0.4 uk -Alropine, 004 mag (0.1 Lg); NaHCOS, 05 Eajkg: 10% calgum glunorate, 0.6 mug Dotibrilation proses: 1 shock ang fit does not work. 8 shocks In ‘apie euocessin at tre same power. Dosages: 15 ime, 3-5 ska, 2nd ime, 8 Pag: Grd ume, 12gTEXTBOOK OF SMALL ANIMAL SURGERY Third Edition Douglas Slatter, B.V.Sc., M.S., Ph.D., F.R.C.V.S. Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Surgeons Diplomate, European College of Veterinary Surgeons Diplomate, American Coilege of Veterinary Ophthalmologists SAUNDERS, ka Innit of Esevie ScenceSAUNDERS. ‘Aa Leer of EisevierScemce ‘The Curis Conse Tegerdsnce Sgtnze West Palaces PAT9ION TEXTBOOK OF SMALL ANIMAL SURGERY ‘Votume t: Part mo, 9997625683 Copyright 2003, unevier Selene (USA, AM eights reserved, Volume 2: Part no 9997628641 ISBN 0=7216-8007-9 No pat of dis piston ay be epioduces. rein eal system, of raid io any form ory ry means, clceroncy meshes) hilnenpying. esording. oe edhrwise without moe pormsien of 6 pbster Saunders, The Cure Color, Indepensoace Sqaue Wes, Puilalphia, PA 1910630.) Notice Veterinary Mise (san ever-changing tld, Standard safety pecnniony rust he flloved but 36 sein wd shneal experince Ceoaen our bpowledge changes ov Geattent aod crue therapy ay ‘reomne necessary ov approrite, ears are advised to hock the thst erent pdt tnforniot Provided by the mimulucirer of each dnp 0 DO administered) varfy the rommacaded dese, the Thethod and dur of admission, and cotaindcaons. Mv te sespoasialiy of Hee teats ernst. velying op caperence and knowlege of fhe anion %© dcteretine donee and the bet Wreatnct for ewh inves! anna. Neither the Pablaner aor the esr mses eye TOE aS Inv ale Sumage Io anime a popty acing frm this peo "The Babies Fint Eton 1985, Socors een 1998, Libeary of Congress Cataloging in-Publiaton Data “Tasbook of srl ama surgery? fei by] Douglas Slater —3 em Inches tbogrphicl referees ISBN 07216 7-9 (2, J.vetermery surgery. 1, Shier, Douglas spur 193002 (636080721 oonsses2 ‘Aegon Fao: Ray Kersey Developmental Editors Dena Thocp, Denive LeMeliste Project Manager Lanse Yan Pee ole Designer Steven Save Pyave Pri in dhe United Sates of Amt Last digi is he png nantes 9 § 76S 4 TLSection Editors Giselle Hosgooa ‘Sorsieat Biology David t. Holmburg Surgical Mevhods Michael M. Pavietic Skin and Adnexa Christopher R. Bellenger “Bedi Cavities and Mernius Karen M. Tobias Gasirvinsstina! System A. Wendell Nelson piratory System E. Christopher Orton Curdiowuseuiar Sytem Ralph A. Henderson Hemelymphaie System Nicholas J. H. Sharp Nereus Sten Douglas Siatter Bye and Adve Endocrine Sistem Elizabeth Arnold Stone Reprichtive Sssent Dale E. Bjorling ‘Urinary System D. J. Kranwintel Bur Philip B. Vasseur Muscaiosteletat Syston Charles Kuntz Oncvions Peter W. Hellyer, Steve C. Haskins Anesthesia Frank J. M. Verstracte DenisryContributors Janet Aldrich, D.V.M. ‘Stlf Veterinarian, Emergency/Critical Care Service, Uni- versity of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, Califirnis, Triage end inal Support of the Treama Paiient Lilfian Aronson, V.M.D., DipLA.C.V.S. Assistant Professor of Small Animal Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinsry Medicine, Philadel phia, Pennsylvania Revtum and Anas Rodney 5. Bagley, D-V.M., DipLA.C.V.5. Professor, Neurology and Neurosurgery. Department of Clinical Seienes, Washington State Univerity College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington Sorgud Approaches 19 the Cntral Nervous State Bran: Lambocacro! Disorders: Surgical Sttztion of he Lnnbonacal Tas Tracranid Surge Kenneth E. Bartels, D.V.M., M.S. Professor of Laser Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clin- jeal Sciences, Oklahoma State University College af Vet- crinury Medicine, Sillwater, Oklahoma Swat Lasers Joseph W. Bartges, D.V.M., Ph.D., DIPLA.C.V.LM., DIpLA.C.V.N. Associate Professor of Medicine and Nutrition, Department ‘of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennes- see College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee Medical Treatment of Uroltiasis: Tony Basher, B.Vet.Med., M.V.Sc., DipLA.C.V.S., Dipl.A.C.V.0. ‘Staff Surgeon and Ophthelmotogist, Veterinary Specialty ‘Hospital of San Diego, Rancho Santa Fe, California Surgery ofthe Evelids; Orbit R. Randy Basinger, D.V.M., DipLA.C.V.S. Director of Surgical Services, South Carolina Surgical Re- {erral Service, Columbia, South Carolina Prose Jamie R, Bellah, D.V.M., DiplA.C.V.S. Staff Surgeon, Affiliated Veterinary Specialists of Orange ark, Orange Park, Florida The Ths Christopher R. Bellenger, B.V.S¢., M.V.B., PR.D., F-ACV.SC., F.R-CV.S., DIPLE.CV.S. Professor of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Alndominal Wall; Hernias; Perinat Hernia John Berg, M.S., D-V.M., DIpLA.C.V.S. Professor of Surgery. Department of Clinical Sciences, ‘Tufis University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Masyachusetts Steriisatton: Surgical Therapy: Musculosteterat Syston Lynda Bernsteen, D.V.M. Director, Transplantation Services, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Califomiia, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine. Devis, California Organ Trawsplansation in Cliacal Vorezinary Practice Abraham J. Bezuidenhout, D.V.Se. Senior Lecturer, Comell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York Applied Oral Aaatomy and Hstsogy Stephen J. Birchard, D.V.M., M.S. DipLA.cv.s. Associale Professor, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sei- cences, The Ohio State University College of Woterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio Adrenatectomy Stephen I. Bistner, D.V.M., DipLA.C.V.0. Professor, Department’ of Small Animal Clinical Sciences. University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Mei St. Paul, Minnesota, Bye and Orbit Dale E. Bjorling, D.V.M., M.S., DIpLA.C.V.S. Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgical Services, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Principles of Urinary Tract Surgery; Kidneys: Ureterss The Urethra Harry W. Boothe, D.V. DipLA.Cv.S. Professor of Surgery, Department of Small Animal Medi- cine and Surgery. Texas A & M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas Suave Materials, Tiswe Adhesives. Staplers, and Ligating Clips; Teses and Epiatdsiides; Penis, Prepace, and Seronm Adele L. Boskey, Ph.D. Professor of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cor- nell University, New York, New York, Convective Fissues of the Mavculoskeleial Sven Mary Boudreaux, D.V.M., Ph.D. Assoviute Professor of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Aubum University College of Veterinary Medicine, Aubum, Alabama Hematopoiesis Randy J. Boudrieau, D.V.M., Dipi-A.C.V.S. Professor of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Tulis University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts Fractures ofthe Radius ond Ulva; Fractures of te Tibia and Febula Kyle G. Braund, B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.C.V.S., Dipt.A.C.V.1.M. (Neurology) Director, Veterinary Neurological Consulting Services, Dadeville, Alabarna Neurological Examination and Localization vit‘onaiputors ‘William R. Brawner, Jr., D.V.M., Ph.D., DIpLA.c.V.R. Professor, Section of Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medi cine, Auburn, Alabama Neuroradiology Janice M. Bright, B.S.N., M.S., D.V.M., DIpLA.C.V.LM. Associate Professor of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedi- tal Sciences, Colorado Stare University, Fort Collins, Colorado Inerventonel Cotretzanom Procedures Danie! Brockman, B.V.S¢., DIPLA.C.V.S., DIPLE.C.V.S. Lecturer in Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary ‘Studies, University of London, Hatfield, England Large Intesine Dorothy Cimino Brown, D.V.M., DipLA.c. ‘Assisiunt Professor of Soft Tissue Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Wetetinary Medicine, Philadel phia, Penusyhvaniz Shall feesties Scott A. Brown, V.M.D., Ph.D. Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia Phyniology of the Urinary Tracts Pathophysiology land Therepeatis of Urinary Tract Diseasee Loretta J. Bubenik, D.V.M., M.S., DipLA.Gv.s. Assistant Professor. Louisiana State University and Agri ccaltaral and Mechanical College Sehool oi Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Orthopaedic Infections €.A. Tony Buffington, D.V.M., Ph.D. Professor of Veterinary Clinical Seiences, Ohio State Uni- versity College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio Lower Urinary Tract Diseases in Cas Rhonda B. Canfield, B.V.Se., Ph.D. Lecturer in Veterinary Anatomy and Embryology, Univer- sity of Sydney Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Perineal Hernia Gwendolyn L. Carroll, M.S., D.V.M., DIplA.C.V.A. Associate Profesor, Department of Small Anions] Medicine and Surgery, Texas A & M University Colleye of Veter- aay Medicine, College Station, Texas Anwstiessand Amara forthe Froume or Shock Pasiew Dennis J. Chew, D.V.M. Professor, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, ‘Ohio Stare University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio Lower Uric Tract Diseases in Cus Alexandra Chishotm-Chait, V.M.D., DiplaA.c. Internist, Pec Emergency and Specialty Center, La Mess, California Henawpriess Bruce A. Christi DIpLA.G.V.S. Consultant Specialist. Veterinary Surgeon, University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinie and Hospital, Melbourne, Vietoria, Ausialia Anan of the Urinary System; Principles of Urinars Tract Surgery, Kidness Kevin M, Clarke, D.V.M., DipLA.CV.S. Small Anitnal Surgery, Deparment of Veterinary Clinical ‘Sciences, Purdue University School of Veterinary Medi cine, West Lafayette, Indiana Basic Operative Techniques Joan R. Coates, D.V.M., M.S., Dipl.A.C.V.1.M. (Neurology) Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Saall Ani- ‘nal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A & M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas Surgicat Approaches ro the Cenral Nervous System: Spine; Miserllaneons Spitol Conditions ard Pevipherat Nerve Injures: Miscellaneous Spinal Disorders B.v.Se., MVS, Joanne Cockshutt, D.V.M., M.Sc., DIpLA.cv.s. Veterinary Surgical Referral Service, Saanichton, British (Columbia, Canada Principles of Suraieal Asepsis Carmen M. H. Colitz, D.V.M., Ph.D., iplLA.C.V.0, Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sei ‘ences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary “Medicine, Columbus, Ohio Principles of Opshihainie Sugery Wesley T. Cook, D.V.M., M. Staff Surgeon, Carolina Veterinary Specialists, Greensboro, North Carolina Perthes’ Disease Karen Cornell, D.V.M., Ph.D., DipLA.C.V.S. Assistant Professor. Small’ Animal Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia Sorgery of the Exocrine Pancreas Susan M. Cotter, D.V.M., Dipl.A.C.V.LM.(internal Medicine and Oncology} Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Univer- sity School of Veterinary Medicine, Nosth Grafton, Mas- sachusetts Hematopoietic Dysfunction Paul A. Cuddon, B.V.Sc., Dipl.A.C.V.LM.[Neurology) ‘Staff Neurologist, Veterinary Specialists of Norther Colo- rado, Loveland, Colorado FlectredixenastsChristopher L. Dassfer, M.A., D.V.M. Associate Surgeon, MedVet Memphis, Cordova, Tennessee. Eshow: Lusation: Canine Hip Dysplasia” Diagrisis ‘nd Nonsurgical Treatment ‘Autumn P. Davidson, D.V.M., Dipl.A.C.V.S- ‘Associate Clinival Professor, Depurtment of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, School of ‘Veterinary Medicine, Davis, Califomia Inorane-Mesdated Polyarthris Jacqueline R. Davidson, D.V.M., MS., DipLA.c.v. Astociste Professor, Companion Animal Surgery, Depust- tment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge. Louisiana Nuriona Suppor of Hospitalized Cas and Dogs ‘Thomas K. Day, D.V.M. Louisville Veterinary Specialy sex Emergency Services, ‘Louisville, Kentucky ‘Shock: Pathaphsoiogy, Diagnosis, and Preatmient Charles E. DeCamp, D.V.M., M.S. DIpLA.C.V.S. Professor, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Vetcrinary Medi- cine, East Lansing, Michigan External Coaptaivn, Coxofemoral Levanion Loie M. Dejardin, D.V.M., M.S., DiplLA.C.V.S. Assistant Professor, Small Animal “Orthopaedic Surgery. ‘Departmeat of Small Animal Clinical Scionces, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan Surgical Trearment of Carine Hip Desplasi: Tibial Plateau Leveling Osieaiomy Witliam $. Dernell, D.V.M., MLS., DIpLA.C.V.S. Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Col lege of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Limbs Sparing Surgers for Dogs with Bone Neoptosia Curtis W. Dewey, D.V.M., M.S., DIpLA.C.V.S., DiplA.C.V-1.M.(Neurology) Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview. New York ‘Surgical Approaches 10 the Central Nersous Syste Spine: Miscellaneous Spinal Conditions and Peripheral Nerve Injures: Miseetlancous Spinal Disorders ‘Stephen P. DiBartola, D.V.M., DipLA.C.V.LM. Professor of Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical ences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio Lower Urinary Tract Diseases in Cans Ursula Dietrich, Dr.Med-Vet., DipL.A.C.V.0. Assistant Professor, Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia Comea anu Selera Continues x John R. Dodam, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D., DIpLA.C.V.A. Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri Hepatte net Gastvaineatinal Surgery Mary L. Dulisch, D.V.M., M.S., DiplA.C.V.S. Surgeon, Veterinary Medical and Surgical Group. Ventura, California The Vonsls Dianne Dunning, D.V.M., M.S., DiplA.C.V.S. Assistant Professor, Small Animal Surgery, Departaent of Vererinary Clinical Medicine, University of Mlinois Col- lege of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Tinos Surgical Wound Infection an the Use of Anumicrobiats, Oral Cavity: Tongue. Lips. Checks Phoryny, ond Satvary Glands Gregg A. DuPont, D.V.M. Adjunct Assisi Professor, Department of Veterinary. Clinical Sciences, Washington Siste University College of ‘Vercrinary Medicine. Puliman, Washington Restoranve Dentisire Nicote Ehrhart, V.M.D., M.S., DiplA.C.V.S Associate Professor of Susycry. Department of Clinical Sei ‘ences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo rado (formerly at University of Llinois College of Veteri= nary Medicine) Thyroid Glad Anna D. Fails, D.V.M., Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado Stato University, Fort Collins, Colorado Pain Managemens for the Surgieal Patient Julie Fischer, D.V.M., DipLA.C.V.LM. Clinical Specialist/Nephrologist, University’ of Celifomnia ‘Vetezinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, Sun Diego, Cai fornia Surgers of the Fuverine Pancreas Patricia Frost Fitch, D.V.M., Dipl.A.V.D.C. Veterinary Dental Specialist, Veterinary Dental Consulting, La Center, Washington, and Animal Dental Services, Portland, Oregon Endodontic Randy Fitch, D.V.M., M.S., Dipl.A.C.V.S, Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Col- lege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Musto and Tendon Disorders James A, Flanders, D.V-M,, Dipl.A.C.V.S. “Associate Professor of Surgery. Comell University College ‘of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York Paratiroid Glavdx. Contrzuters Caroline Garzotto, V.M.D., Dipt.A.C.V- Staff Surgeon, Veterinary Surgical and Diagnostic Special- ists, Millstone, New Jersey Musculostoletal Syscon Brian C. Gilger, D-V.M., M.S., Dip]A.C.V.0. Associate Professor, Ophthalmology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina Lens Stephen D. Gilson, D.V.M., Dipl.A.CV.S. Staff Surgeon, Sonor Veterinary Specialists, Seousdale, ‘Arizona Newro-oneotogical Surgery of he Vertebral Cofiemn land Spinal Cord: Cesarean Section; Hematopoietic Neoplasia Juliet R. Gionfriddo, DIPLA.C.V.0. “Assistant Professor of Veterinary Ophthalmology, College ‘of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colo- ado State University, Foxt Collins, Colorado The Nasolacrimal Syetom D.V.M., MS., Cecitia Gorrel, B.Sc., M.A., Vet.M.B., DipLE.v.D.c. Lecturer, University of California, Davis nary Medicine, Davis, Califor Periodontal and Ora) flarmatary Disease School of Veteri John Grandage, B.Vet.Med., M.A., D.V.R. University Clinical Veterinary Anatomist and Fellow, St Catharine's College, University of Cambridge, Cam- bridge. England Functional Anatoney ofthe Digestive Sytem Functional Anacons of the Respiratory System George R. Grant, D.V.M. Stath Surgeon, Dedicated Surgical Services, Costa Mesa, California Freatment of Open Fractures Gregory F. Graver, D.V.M., M.S., DiplA.c. Professor and Head, Department of Clinival Sciences, Kan- sas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, ‘Manhattan, Kansas Prevention of Acute Renal Failure Cathy L, Greenfield, D.V.M.. M.S., DIpLA.CV.S Associate Professor, Solt Tisue and Oncologie Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Mli- Respiratory Tract Neoplasia Clare R. Gregory, D.V.M., DiplA.C.V.S. Professor, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sci- ences, University of California, Davis, School of Veteri- nary Madicine, Davis, California (Organ Trangplansation in Clinica! Veterinary Practice T. Keith Grove, D.D.S., M.S., V-M.D. Director, Periodontics and Implant Dentisiy, Vero Beach, Florida Pevidlontice Tamara L. Grubb, D.V.M., DipLA.CV.A. Assistant Professor. Camelid Program, Oregon State Uni- ‘ernty College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon ‘Anesthesia for the Padiaric and Gera Past Tim B. Hackett, D.V.M., M.S. Associate Professor, Emergency and Critical Care Medli- cine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Vet nary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Evaluation of the Surgical Respiratory Patient; Care (of Respiratory Patient: Cardiepulauonary Supovive Care Kevin A, Hahn, D.V.M,, Ph.D., Dipt.A.C.V.LM.(Oncology} Chief, Oncology, Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Hous- ton, ‘Texas Diagnoss of Neoplasia. Ralph E. Hamor, D.V.M., M.S., Dipl.A.C.V.0, Glinical Assistant “Professor, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Hingis at Urbana Champaign Coliege of Veterinary Medicine. Urbana, Ili- Third Bvelid| Robert J. Hardie, D.V.M., DiplLA.CV.S., DipLe.c.v.! Clinical Assistant Professor, Small Animal Surgery. De- partinent of Surgical Sciences, University af Wisconsin School af Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin Lymphaciex andl Lymph Nose Steve C. Haskins, D.V.M., M.S., DIPLA.C.V.A. Professor, Department of Suryical and Radiological Sei ences, University of California, Davis, School of Veieri- nary Medicine, Davis, California Operating Room: Kmergencies; Cardinplmonary Resuscitation, Positive Pressure Venuation John T. Hathcock, D.V.M., M.S., DipLACV.R. Professor, Section of Radiology, Deparment of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medi ine, Auburn, Alabama Newroradlioiogs Poter W. Hellyer, D.V.M., M.S., DiplA.C.V.A. ‘Associate Profestor of Anesthesiology, Depariment of Clin- ical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio- medical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Pain Managemen: for the Surgical Patent Ralph A. Henderson, D.V.M., M.S., DipLA.CV.S. Professor of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Vorerinary Medi- sine, Aubum, Alabauns PhraPhilippe Hennet, Dipl.A.V.D.C., Dipl.E.V.D.C Clinique Veterinaie, Paris, France Orhadontes H, Philip Hobson, D.V.M., M.S., DipLA.C.V.S. Professor, Depariment of Small Animal Medicine and Sur- gery. Texas A & M University College of Veterinary ‘Medicine, College Station, Texas Si gical Facies and Exuipmens Anton G. Hoffman, D.V.M., Ph.D. Senior Lecturer, Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, Texus A & M University College of Vot- erinary Medicine, College Station, Texas Su gical Approaedos to the Central Nervous System, Spine David L. Holmberg, D.V.M., M.V.Sc., DipLA.C.V.s. Professor, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario. Veteri- nary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada Crsesurgery in G. Holsworth, B.S., B.V.Sc. Resident, Small Animal Surgery, University of California, Davis. Schoo! of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California Caxefemonat Lasation David E. Holt, B.V.Se., DiplA.C.V.S. Associate Professor of Surgery, Department af Clinical Sci- ences, University of Pennsylvania Schoo! of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Pubuphysiologs of Gast vinestinal Diseases Large Inestine Sung-Hyeok Hong, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D. Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary ‘Medicine, Chungnam National University, Dacjeon, South Korea Chenarheraps of Nevptosia Robert Horne, D.V.M., M.S., DiplLA.CV.S. Professor and Head, Department of Clinical Sciences, Tus- keegce University School of Veterinary Medicine, Tus- Keowee, Alaa Giselle Hosgood, B.V.Sc., M.S., DiplA.CV.S. Professor of Surgery, Louisiana State University School of ‘Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Wound Repair aad Specific Tissue Response t0 Injure Don Hulse, D.V.M., DiplA.C.V.S. Professor, Department of Small Avimal Medicine and Sur- gery, Texas A & M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas Fracture Blology und Biomeckanes Associate Professor in Small. Animal Surgery, Faculty of ‘Yeterinary Science, University of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales, Austealia Draphergnutic, Pericardial, ond Hiatal Hernia Contnibutors xi Bil Hyman, S. Professor and. Interim Head, Biomedical Enginoering, Texas A & M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas Fracture Biology and Biomechanics Aaron M, Jackson, D.V.M. Chief Resident in Snuall. Animal Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Modicine, Knoxville, ‘Tennessee Delayed Unions, Nomunions, and Mahunions Nick Jeffery, B.V.Sc., Ph.D. Lecturer in Clinical Neurology. Deparment of Chiaical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cam- bridge, England Pathogenesis of Diseases of the Coniral Nervous Syste Kenneth A. Johnson, MLV.Sc., Ph.D. cvs. ihiopaedic Surgery, Depactmnent of Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio Diapheagmoric, Perceval, and Hiatal Hernia Iniernal Fracture Pesation: Imerlocking Nae Spencer A. Johnston, V.M.D., Dipt.A.C.V.S. Professor, Department of Srvall Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia: Maryland Regional College of Veterinary: Medi cine, Virginia Technical Institute, Blacksburg, Osienarthts Sharon C. Kerwin, D.V.M., DipLA.C.V.S. Departnent of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas ‘A & M University College of Veterinary Medicine, Col- lege Station, Texas Hemostasis, Surgicut Bleeding, and Transfusion Chand Khanna, D.V.M., Ph.D., Dipl.A.C.V.1.M.{Oncology] Pediatic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institule, Na tional Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Chemotherapy of Neoplasia Richard D. Kiente, D.V.M., Dipl.A.C.V.LM.{Cardiotogy) Sualf Cardiologist, Bay Atoa Veterinary Specialists, San Leandra, California Curdiae nd Pericardial Neoplasia Barbara M. Kirby, D.V.M., M.S., DIPLA.C.V.S., DIPLE.C.V.5. Senior Lecturer and Head, Soft Tissue Surgery, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Eain- bburgb, Roslin, Seotland Peritoneun ant Peritoneal Cavity Mark D. Kittleson, D.V.M., Ph.D., DipLA.C.V.LM. Professor, Departinent of Medicine and Bpidemiology, Uni- versity of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medi- ine, Davis, California Pathophysioizgy of Heart Fuitweil Contributors Ronald J. Kolata, D.V.M., M.S, DiplA.C.V.S. Research Fellow, Preclinical Research and Development, Ethicon Endo-Surgery, lne., Cincinnati, Ohio Trawona: Epidemiology and Mechanisms D. J. Krahwinkel, D.V.M., M.S. DiplA.CV.S., DipLA.CV.A., DiplA.CV.E.C.C. Professor of Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinics! Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee External Ear Canal Kar! Kraus, D.V.M., M.S., DipLA.C.V.S. Professor of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts Flcrodiagnosis Ursula Krotscheck, D.V.M. Resident in Surgery, Texas A & M University College of ‘Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas Canine Eton Displaviar Kris T. Kruse-Elliott, D.V.M., Ph.D., DipLA.CV.A. Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Sur- gical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Vereri- rary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin Patient Monitoring Simon Kudnig, B.V-Sc., M.V.S. Resident in Small Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary ‘Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State Uni- versity. Fort Collins, Colonie Alimentary Tract, Liver, and Pane reas: Liver Andrew E. Kyles, B.V-M.S., Ph.D., DIpLA.GV.S., DiplE.CV.S. Assistant Professor, Department of Surgical and Radiologi. ‘cal Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California Esophagus: Enver ine Pancreas Susan E, Lana, D.V.M., M.S., DipLA.C.V.LM. Assistant Professor, Oncology, Department of Clinical Sci- ‘ences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorwdo Ste University, Fort Collins, Colo- ado Biology of Neoplastic Disease India F. Lane, D.V.M., M.S., DiplA.C.V.1.M. Assistant Professor, Intemal Medicine, University of Ten- rnessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Ten- Medical Treamient of Urotihiasis Otto I. Lanz, D.V.M., Dipl.A.C.V. Assistant Professor. Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Technical University Blacksburg. Virginia iver and Bilary Syem; Lraaary Sper Richard A. LeCouteur, B-V.Sc., Ph.D., DIplA.C.V.LM.(Neurology) Professor, Neurology snd Neurosurgery, Department of ‘Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of Califor- bia, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, Cal fornia Vertebral Fractures and Lasatione Arnold S, Lesser, B.A., V.M.D., DiplA.CV.S. Vowrinary Surgical Referral Service, Centerport, New York Arthradeses Danie! D. Lewis, D.V.M., DiplA.C.V: Professor, Small Abimal Surgery, and Jemy und Lola Col- ling Entineat Scholar in Canine Sports Medicine snd Comparative Orthopedics, Department of Small Animal Clinical Seiences, University of Florida College of Veteri- nary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida Friciares of the Femur Michael D. Lucroy, D.V.M., M.S., DIpLA.CV.LM. Associate Professor of Oncology and Kerr Chair of Bio- ‘medical Laser Applications, Depactment of Verorinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, Oxtaboua Surgical Lasers John W. Ludders, D.V.M., DiplLA.CV.A. ‘Associate’ Professor, Anesthesiology, Carell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York Anesthesia for the Patient with Centr Nervous Sprtom or Ophiitaie Disease Victoria M. Lukasite, D.V.M,, DipLA.C.V.A. Rescarch Assistant Professor, Department of Acsbesiol- ‘ogy, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Ari zona, Tueson, Arizona reve Sof The and Orthopaete Procedures George Lust, Ph.D. Professer of Physiological Chemistry, James A, Baker In- stitute for Animal Health, Comell. University College of Veterinary Medicine, ithaca, New York Hip Dysplasia: Pushoseness David J. Maggs, B.V.Sc., Dip|.A.C.V.0. Assistant Professor, Ophthalimology, University of Califor- ‘ia, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, Cali fornia Conjencsiva Denis J. Marcellin-Littie, D.E.D.V., DiplA.CV.S., Dipl.E.V.C.S. Associate Professor, Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Vet Modicine, Raleigh, Nosth Cavalina External Skeletal Psation Robert A. Martin, D.V.M., Dipl.A.C.V.S. Professor of Small Animal Surgery, Virginia Maryland Re~ sional College of Veterinary Medicine, Vi tal University, Blacksburg, Liver and Biliary SystersSteven A. Martinez, D.V.M., M. DIPLA.C.V.S. Assistant Professor, Small Animal Onhopedic Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington Bone Gratis Diane E. Mason, D-V.M., Ph.D., DiplA.C.V.A Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kan: sas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas Urinary System Glenna E. Mauldin, D-V.M., M.S., Dipl A.C.V.LM. Assistant Professor of Veterinary Oncology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Hemestasis, Su gical Bleeding, and Transfusion, Matrionot Support ef Hosptatzed Cats and Dogs William Maicolm McKee, B.V.M.S., MVS. Orthopaedic Surgeon, Willows Referral Service, Solihull, England Adasioaxiel Conditions and Wobbler Syndrome: Cervieat Spondvtapaay Mary A. McLoughlin, D.V.M., M.S., Dip A.C.V.s. Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sei- ‘ences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medi- ‘one, Columbus, Ohio Urewers Rose McMurphy, D.V.M., DipLA.C.V.A. Associate Professor, Anesthesiology, Department of Clini- eal Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veter ‘wy Medicine, Manhanan, Kansas Cardhovascitar Ssater Craig W. Miller, D.V.M., M.V.Se. DIpLA.CV.S. Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, On- turio Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontarie, Canada Bandages und Braine Paul E. Miller, D.V.M., Dipl.A.C.V.O. Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Department of Sur cal Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Vetesi- nary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin Glanecma Darry! L. Millis, M.S., D.V.M., Dipl.A.C.V.S. Associate Professor of Onhopedic Surgery. Deparment of ‘Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee Delayed Unions, Norunions, and Matunions; Bane Grafts: Carpus ane Dieits Susan Lee Mitchell, D.V.M., DipLA.C.V.S. Assistant Professor, Soft Tissue Surgery, Deparment of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachscts Srerteaton Contnourors att Eric Monnet, D.V.M., Ph.D., DipLA.C.V-S., Assistant Professor, Departmem of Clinieal Sciences, Col lege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colonudo State University, Fort Coins, Colorado Pleura and Pleural Space; Brachycephalic Airway Sendrome: Lursagea! Paralysis and Deweeatzation, Lungs: Surgical Anatomy of she Heart; Pacemaker Taerapy: Surgery of the Pericardiwon; Alimentary ‘Traci, Liver, ard Pancreas: Liver Ron Montgomery, D.V.M., M.S., DipLA.cv.s. Professor and Chief of Surgery, Deparment of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Vetcrinary Medi sine, Auburn, Alabama Miscellaneous Orthopaedic Diseases; Muscle and Tendon Disinders Paula F. Moon-Massat, D.V.M., Dipl.A.C.V.A. New England Veterinary Anesthesia Services, Winchester, Massachusetts Cesarean Section Michelle Murray, D-v.M. Senior Resident in Neurology, College of Veterinary Medi- cine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Font Collins, Colorado Electrodiagnosis ‘A. Wendell Nelson, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D., DiplA.CV.S. Professor, Small Animal Surgery, Depanment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo- ado Evaluation of the Surgical Respiratory Patient; Cleft Patate; Nasal Passages, Sinus, and Palate Laryngeal Trauma and Stenosis; Diseases of the Traclica and Bronchi; Lungs Gert W. Niebauer, D.V.M., M.S., DIPLA.C.V.S., Dipl.E.C.V.S. Professor of Surgery and Associate Dean, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Hypophysecromy Mary Ann Nieves, D.V.M., M. DIpLA.CV.S. Associate Professor, Department af Veterinary Clinical Sti- ences, Towa State University College of Veterinary Medi Ames, Iowa Shiu Dasieroments Rodney E. Oakley, D.V.M., DipLA.GV.S. Parmer and Staff Small Animal Surgeon, Mid-Atlantic Spe- cialty Hospital, Huntingtown, Maryland Tumors of the Contra and Peripheral Nervors System Maura G. O'Brien, D.V-M., Dipl.A.C.V.S. Staff Surgeon, Surgical Options, LLC, Madison, Wisconsin Skin and Subvrasaly Contriburers Natasha Olby. V.M.B., Ph.D., Dipl.A.C.V.LM.{Neurology) Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary ‘Medtcine, Raleigh, North Carolina Pathogenesis of Discasceof the Central Nervous System Robert B. Olds, D-V.M., DipLA.C.V.S. Brentwood Pet Clinic, Los Angeles. California Treatment of Open Fractures Patricia N. Olson, D.V.M., Ph.D. Director, Canine Health snd Training Blind, San Rafael, California Vagini, Vesuibule, and Vulva: Noval and Abnormal Peston E. Christopher Orton, D.V.M., Ph.D., ipl.A.C.V. Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences. College of Vet- erinary "Medicine and Biomedieal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Thoracic Wall: Intow Occlusion ant Cariiopulmomary Bypass: Cavdine Surgery Richard D. Park, D.V.M., Ph.D., DIpLA.C.V.R. Professor, Department of Rudiological and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio- medical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fost Collins, Colorade Evuluation of the Surgical Respiratory Pasient Robert B. Parker, D.V.M., DIPLA.C.V.S. Chairman, Department of Surgery, The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York Seana Jon S. Patterson, D.V.M., Ph.D, DipLAc.v.P. Associate Professor, Department of Pathobiology and Diag- nostic Investigations, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Lansing, Michigan Tuners of the Cenoal and Peripheral Nevvens Sytem Michaet M. Pavietic, D.V.M., DiplLA.C.V.S. Head, Department of Surgery, Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston, Mussachusetis The tnsegument; Pedicle Grafts Sandra Perkowski, V.M.D., Ph.D., DipLAcvA, Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Respirasory Systems David Peterson, B.S. Manager of Clinical ‘Perfusion, Poudre Valley Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado Tnflns Cectision and Cardiopetmonary Bypass Daniel J. Petrus, D.V.M., Dip!-A.C.V.LM. Staff Internist, Adantic Veterinary Internal Medi ‘monium, Maryland Lymphaticy and Lymph Nodes Guide Doys for the Glenn Pettifer, D.V.M., D.V.Sc., DIPLA.CV.A. Assistant Professor ef Veterinary Anesthesiology, Depart- ‘ment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge. Louisiana Fluids, Flecooltes, and Auid-Base Therap Eric R. Pope, D.V.M., M.S., Dipl.A.C.V.S. Associate Professor of Small Animal Surgery, Deparment of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Mis- suri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri Therma, letra, an) Chemical Burne and Cold Injuries Curtis W. Probst, D.V.M., Dipl.A.C.V.S. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University Col lege of Vererinacy Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan Curpas and Digs Jane E. Quandt, D.V.M., M.S. Assistant Clinical Specialist in Anesthesiology and Critical Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Min- nesofa Veterinsey Teaching Hospital, St. Paul, Mimesota Postoperative Patient Care Rose E. Raskin, D.V.M., Ph.D., DiplA.C.\ Associste Professor of Clinical Pathology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida Bune Marrow Lara Rasmussen, D.V.M., M.S., DiplA.CV.S. Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, West- cern University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California Stomach Clarence A. Rawlings, D-V.M., M. DIpLA.CV.S. Professor, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Sur ery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medi- cine, Athens, Georgia. Stomach Laparoscople-Assisiod Gastiopens: Principles of Urinary Trocr Surgery; Kidneys Richard A. Read, B.V.Sc., Ph.D., F.A.C.V.SC. Associate Professor in Sinall Animal Surgery, Division of ‘Veterinary suid Bioniedical Sciences. School Clinical Science, Murdech Universi Australia, Australia Hernias Virginia T. Rentko, V.M.D., Dip!-A.C.V.LM. Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Sci- ‘ences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts Hematopoietic Dasfuncsion Mitchell Robbins, D.V.M., DipLA.C.V.S. Surgical Referal Service, Butfalo Grove, Minois Reprentactve OncotogeSheilah A. Robertson, B.V.M.S., Ph.D., DIpLA.C.V.A, Associate Professor, Anesthesiology, Department of Large ‘Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Plorids Cotloge of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida Endocrine System C. Lee Robinette, D.V.M., Ph.D. Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina Prowate William G, Rodkey, D.V.M., DiplA.C.V.S. Director of Basic Science Research, Steadman Hawkins Sports Medicine Foundation, Vail, Colorado Miseellaneovs Spinal Condivons and Peripheral ‘Nerve Injuries: Surgery ofthe Periheral Nervous Sywem Simon Roe, B.V.S¢., Ph.D., DiplA.C. Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Caro lina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Rs- leigh, North Carolin. Internal Fracnare Fication Douglas A. Rohn, D.V.M., DiplA.C.V.5. Staff Surgeon, Bay Area Veterinary Specialists, San Lean- tro, California (Cardiac aul Periearaiad Neeplasia James K, Roush, D.V.M., DIpLAC.V.S. “Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kan- sax Ste Ur College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas Blomaneriats ana Surgical Implants David Ruslander, D.V.M. Assistant Professor, Oncology, Department of Clinical Sci- ences, North Carolina State University College of Veteri nary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina Roadasion Therapy Jill E, Saekman, D.V.M., Ph.D., Dipl-A.C.V.S. Director, Preclinical Research and Development, Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio Prinsiples of Vascular Surgers S. Kathteen Salisbury, D.V.M., M.S.. DIpLA.Cv.s. Professor, Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Seienves, Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indisna (Oral Cavity: Matetomy and Mentdectomy Kurt S. Schulz, D.V.M., M.S., DiplA.C.V.S. Chief, Small Animal Surgery, University of California, Da. vis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, Cali fomia Canine Etbow Dysplasia: Surgical Treaamens of Canine Hip Dysplasia; Small Animal Arthroscopy Contributors ev Bernard Séguin, D.V.M., M.S., Dip A.C.V.S. Assistant Professor, Department of Surgical und Rudiologt ca! Sciences, University of California, Davis, Schoo! of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California Hematopoieric Neoplasia: Tumors of the Mandible, Masia, and Calvartin Nicholas J. H. Sharp, B.Vet.Med., Ph.D., DipLA.CV.S., DIPLE.C.V.S. Clinical Neurologist, Animal Critical Care Group of Van- ‘eouver, Vancouver, British Columbis, Canada Neurological Examination and Localization; ‘Adlantonvia! Conditions and Wobbler Syndrome. Conical Spandvlopatis: Miseelanzous Spiral Corattions and Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Surgery (of the Peripheral Nervous Ssstem Peter K, Shires, B.V.Sc., M.S., Dipl.A.C. Professor, Smal! Animal Siugery,” Virginia Maryland Re: gional College of Veterinary Medicine. Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia Atluntoatial Conditions and Wobbler Syndrome ‘aiontoaxorInstabitey Cindy Shmon, D.V.M., D.V.Sc., DiplA.C.V.S. Associate Professor, Department of Small Animal Clini- ‘cal Sciences, Westem College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Assesantent and Preparation of the Surgical Pasion ‘and the Operating Team David J. Simpson, B.V.Sc., M.Vet.Clin.Stud. ‘The Animal Referral Hospital, South Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia Fractures of the Femur Michaet H. Sims, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Comparative Medicine, and Di- rector, Instructional Resources, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee Clinical Bvatvasion of Aualtory Function Lennart Sjéstrém, D.V.M., DiplE.C.V.S. Head Surgeon, Stmsholm Referral Animal Hospital. Sweden Lumbosacral Disorders: Degeneraive Lambosacral ‘Stenosis: Surical Devompression Douglas Siatter, B.V.Se. F.RV.CS., Dipl.A.C. DipLA.C.V.0. ‘Veterinary Ophthalmologist and Surgeon, Animal Eye Clinics, Reno, Nevada and LaFiabra, California; Adjunct Professor, Southcm California. College of Optometry, Ful- lerton, California Principles of Opkthatnsc Swaery: Cornea and ‘Selera: Orbit Daniel D. Smeak, D.V.M., DipLA.C.V.S. Professor and Head, Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University Col- lege of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio Abdominal Terniasevi Contrbaicrs Annette N. Smith, D.V.M., M.S., Dipl.A.C.V.LM,(Oncology and Internal Medicine) Assistant Professor, Oncology and Intemai Medicine, Au um University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama Tae Ths Mark M, Smith, V.M.D., DipLA.C.V.S., DipLAV.D.C. Professor, Department of Small Animal Clinical Scienoes, Virginia Maryland Regional Coliege of Veterinary Medi cine, Virginia Teck University, Blacksburg, Virginia Oninapaic tafecnans: Portex Disa Patricia J. Smith, M.S., D-V.M., Ph.D. DipLA.C.V.0. Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Florida College of Vetcrinary Medicine, Gainesvitle, Florida Wisreous and Retina Kathy A. Spaulding, D.V.M., DipLA.C.V.R, Associate Professor, Radiology, Depariment of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, North Carolina ‘Stute University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina Prostate Elizabeth Arnold Stone, D.V.M., M.S., DipLA.cv.s. Professor of Surgery, North Carolina State University Col- lege of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina Ovary and Urerus Beverly K. Sturges, D.V.M., Dipl.A.C.V.I.M.(Neurology} Lecwer, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Deparment of Sur- ‘gical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California Vertebral Fractures and Lusations Steven F. Swaim, D.V.M., M.S., DIpLA.GV.S. Professor, Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Vetcrinury Medi= cine, Auburn, Alabams ‘Skin Gratis Kent W. Talcott, D.V.M_ Pet Care Veterinary Hospital, Santa Rosa. California (for- rmerly at University of California, Davis, Veterinary Med- ical Teaching Hospical) Luaasion of the Seapuiokumeral Joint Maurine Thomson, B.V.Sc. Consultant SurgeorOncological Surgeon, University of Queensland. Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Queensland, Aostralia Alimentary Tract, Liver, and Pancreas: Atimentary Trach and Pancreat D. Michael Tillson, D.V.M., M.S., Dipia.cv.s. Associate Professor, Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences. Auburn University Coltege of Vetcri- nary Medicine, Aubura, Alzbama Spleen Karen M. Tobias, D.V.M., M.S., DipLA.CV.S. Associate Professor, Soft Tissue Surgery. Department of ‘Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee Liver and Bilary System: Poriesystemic Shum and Other Hepat Vascular dncmaties Rory J. Todhunter, B.V.Sc., M.S., Ph.D., DIpLA.CV.S. Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sci ences, Comell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York ip Dssplsia: Pathogenesis: Ossenartiitis James L. Tomlinson, D.V.M., MLV.S., DiplLacv.s. Professor of Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veteri ary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri Pructures ofthe Humerus; Fractures ofthe Pelvis James P. Toombs, D.V.M., M.S., DIpLA.cv.s. Professor of Small Animal Orthopedics and Nourosurgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue Uni- versity School of Veterinary Medicinc, West Lafayete, Indiana Busie Operative Techniques; Intervertebral Disc Drseare Nicholas J. Trout, M.A., Vet.M. M.R.CV-S., DIPLA.CV.S., Di Staff Surgeon, Angell Memorial Anima! Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Principles of Platir and Recansoructve Sargery Alan Tucker, Ph.D. Professor of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sei- ences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorada State University, Fost Collins, Colo ado Respiratory Parkophysiciony H. Van Bree, D.V.M., Ph.D., DIPLE.CV.S. Professor, Small Animal Surgery, Department of Medical waging and Small Animal Surgery, Ghent University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent, Belgium Sinai Animal Arthroscopy B. Van Ryssen, D.V.M., Ph.D. Professor and Head, Small Animal Surgery, Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Surgery, Ghent Uni: versity Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent, Belgium Small Animal Arthroscopy Philip B. Vasseur, D.V.M., DiplLA.C.V.S, Professor, Deparment of Surgical and Radiological Scix ences, University of California, Davis, School of Veteri- nary Medicine, Davis, California Loucation of the Seaputohuanerat Joint: Elbow Lewcation: Stfe JoinsFrank J. M. Verstraete, B.V.Sc., Dr.Med.Vet., M.Med,Vet., Dipl-A.V.D.C., ipl.E.C.V.S, Dipl.E.V.D. Professor, Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Sur gical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Schoo! of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California Maxitiofciat Fractures: Oral Pathology: Euodanties Stanley 0. Wagner, D.V.M., M.S. Associate Professor, Small Animal Orthopedic Surgery. Towa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Towa Sirieal fasraments Dan R. Waldron, D.V.M., Dipl.A.C. Professor of Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veteri- nary Medicine, ia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia Siperilal Skin Wounis: Urinary Bladder Mark C. Walker, B.V.Sc,, Dipl.A.C.V.LM. ‘Adjunct Assistant Professor, Small Animal fences, University af Florida School of Veterinary Medi cine, Gainesville. Florida Plas of the Digestive System Robert J. Washabau, V.M.D., Ph.D., DipLA.C.V.LM. Associate Professor of Medicine, Department ot Clinical ‘Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary ‘Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Pathophysiology of Gastroimessinal Disease David J. Waters, D.V.M., Ph.D., DipLA.CV.S. Professor of Surgery and Comparative Oncology, Depart- ment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, and Co-Director, Purdue Comparative Oncology Program, Purdue Univer sity School of Veterinary Medicine, "West Lafayette, Indiana Ingersertebrat Disc Piseose Conrioutors evil Joseph P. Weigel, D.V.M., M.S., Dipl.A.cv.! Associate Professor of Surgery, Deparment of Small Ani ‘mal Clinical Sciences, University af Tennessee College of ‘Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee Ampusations| Janet A. Welch, D.V.M., DiplA.C.V.S. ‘Assistant Professor of Small Ammal Surgery, Department ‘of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veter inary Medicine, Aubura, Alabatna he Tarsus and Metauarsus Richard A. S. White, F.R.C.V.S., DipLA.C.V-S., DiplE.C.V.S. Senior Leemnrer in Surgery, The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Caunbridge, Cambridge, England Surgical Treatment of Specie Skin Disorders Midate Bar Wayne O. Whitney, D.V.M., DiplA.C.V.S. ‘Surgeon, Gulf Coust Veterinary Specialists, Houston, Texas Siiall Animat Arthroscopy David A. Wilkie, D.V.M., M.S., DipLA.C.V.O Associale Professor, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sci- fences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medi ne, Columbus, Ohio this sud Ciliary Boddy: Ophthal Frwrgencies Peggy M. Wykes, D.V.M., M.S., DiplA.C.V.S. Staff Surgeon, Colorado Veterinary Specialists, Littleton, Colorado Vagina, Vestibule, und Vulva: Novmat cond Abnormal Parturition Nancy Zimmerman-Pope, D.V.M. Resident. Small Anima} Surgery. Virginis-Maryland Re- sgivaal College of Veterinary Medicine. Blacksburg, Vie- nis Sapecivit Skin WoundsPreface Sinee publication of the second edition, the Textbook of Small Animal Surgery has been widely accepted by the Yyeletinary profession as a definitive clinical, reference, and teaching work in veterinary surgery in many countries. The enormous task of translation of the book inlo several fore cign languages has been completed, As with the previows ccition, itis the aim of this edition w provide the current, scientifically accepted facts of veterinary surgery. We are laced with an cverexpanding literature of incon- Sisient quality, increasingly complex procedures, the difi- culty of separating tue advances from the spurious. and the challenge of limiting the size and cost of the text. 1 have deliberately avoided the shortsighted current trend to ‘omil vita] material, becanse this denies access to important concepis by the reader, Vetorinary medicine fas matured cconsidersbly in recent decades, and our major scholarly ‘works must remain comparable with those of other profes sions. ‘As the volume of material in our specially wrows, the difficulty in applying new information, and placing it ia context with established information, also increases. tn the third edition, the number of decision-msking elgorithins fas been increased to facilitate this process ‘The section editors and auihors have labored with per sistence and diligence in identstying new material and or ganizing it in a useful fashion. On every page we ane reminded of dhe remarkable depth of talent of the contrib luting authors, bath as suihors and ay veterinarians. Tam indebied to the many colleagues from many cou tries who have made helpful suggestions [or this edition, ‘anc to the staff of the W. B, Saunders Company, including Ray Kersey, Cass Stamalo, Denise LeMelledo, Rebevcs Gruilow, and Linda Van Pelt. The continued professional xumples provided by the Diplomates of the Ametican and European Colleges of Veterinary Surgeons, and the out standing educational contributions made by both Colleges, sare inspiring, DOUGLAS SLATERContents Votume 1 section I SURGICAL BIOLOGY .. cette 1 Giselle Hosgood, Section Editor cuarter | Shock: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment... 1 ‘Thomas K Day cuarren 2 Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Therapy. 7 Glene Pettiter cuaprer 3 Hemestasis, Surgical Bleeding, and Transfusion 4 Sharon C. Kerwin and Glenna E. Mauldin cuarrer 4 \Wound Repair and Specific Tissue Response to Injury... 66 Giselle Hosgood cuaprer S Nutritional Support of Hospitalized Cats end Dogs....87 Glenna E. Mauldin and Jacqueline R. Davidson cuarter 6 Surgical Wound Infection and the Use of Antimicrobiats 2. 413 Dianne Dunning caster 7 Organ Transplantation in Clinical Veterinary Practice 122 Clare R. Gregory and Lynda Bernsteen cuaerer B Trauma; Epidemiology and Mechanisms 137 Ronald J. Kolata warrer9 Biomaterials and Surgical imprants 1st James K. Roush section 2 SURGICAL METHODS. David L. Holmburg, Section Editor teeters 149 carrer 10 Principles of Surgical Asepsts: 149 Joanne Cockshutt jartea Il Sterilization Susan Lee Mitchell and John Berg cuariee 12 Assessment and Preparation of the Surgical Favent and the Operating Feam Cindy Shmon charrer 13 Surgical Faelitles and Equipment H. Philip Hobson cuarren 14 Surgical Instruments, Mary Ann Nieves and Stanley D. Wagner cuaeren 15 Basic Opersave Techniques James P. Toombs and Kevin M. Clarke cuarren 16 Cryosurcey David L. Holmberg cuapree 17 Surgital Lasers ‘Michaet D. Lucrey and Kenneth &. Bartels carrer 18 Suture Materials, Tissue Adhesives, Staplers, and Ligating Clips Harry W. Boothe cHapter 19 Bandages and Drains Craig W. Milter section 3 SKIN AND ADNEXA .. ‘Michael M. Pavleti, Section Editor cuapter 20 The Intequment Michaet M. Pavietie cwapres 21 Superficial Skin Wounds . Don R. Waldron and Nancy Zimmerman-Pope cuanrer 22 Principles of Plastic and Reconstuctive Surgery Nicholas 4. Trout 138 we 179 27 235, 244 250 250 250dol Comers cHarreR 23 Pedicle Gratis ‘Michzet M. Pavietic cuarren 24 Skin Grats ‘Steven F. Swatm cHAPL eR 25 Surgical Treatment of Specific Skin Disorders chard A. $, white crarier 26 Thermal, Eteewical, and Chereal Bums and Cold injuries Erle R. Pope section 4 BODY CAVITIES AND HERNIAS |... ‘Christopher R. Bellenger, Section Editor cuavren 27 Thoracic Wal. E. Christopher Orton cHArieR 28 Preure and Pleural Space Erle Monnet CHAPTER 29 Abdominal Wall Christopher R. Belfenger cHarte® 30 Penioneum and Peritoneal Cavity Barbara M. Kirby charrca dt Hernias Richard A. Read and Christopher R. Bellenger cuavree 32 Abdominal Hemi, Danie! 0. sient cuneres 33 Diaphragmatic, Pericarvial, and Hiatal Hernia Geraldine B, Hunt and Kenneth A. Johnion curren 34 Perineal Hernia Christopher R. lenger and Rhonda B, Canfield sectran S GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Karen M, Tobias, Section Editor 292 321 - 373 373 387 403 ald 449 an 487 cuaerer 35 Functional Anatomy of the Digestive System Jonn Grandage charter 36 Physiology of the Digestive System mark C. Water cHarter 37 Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Disease Robert J. Washabau and David E. Hott cHanteR 38 Oral Cavity Tongue, Ups, Cheeks ane, and Savery Sands Diane During Mastectomy and Mendituleciony. 5. Kathiear Salisbury charter 39 Esophagus... Andrew E. Kyles cuapter 40 Stamach ara Rasmussen Laperescopic Acted Gitropeny Ceronce A. Rawlings cuseree 4d Smait intestines . Dorothy Cimine Brown cHapren 42 Large Intestine David E. Holt and Dantet Brockman cHaArrer 43 Rectum and Anus Lilian Aronson cuapren 44 Liver and Biiary System Robert A. Martin, Otto Karen M. Tobias cuaprer 45 Portosystemic Shunis and Other Hepatic Vaseuizr Anomalies Karen M, Tobias charren 46 Surgely of the Exocrine Pancreas. Karen Cornell and Jutle Fischer section 6 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. ‘A. Wendell Nelson, Section Editor cuaeter a7 Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System John Grandage 499 522 530 583 353 S61 S73 592 cn 644 665 682 782 ss 763 763chavver 48 Respiratory Pathophysiofogy co 81 Alan Tucker chaster 49 Evaluation of the Surgical Respiratory Patient ..... 797 Tim 8. Hackett, A. Wendell Nelson, and charter 50 Brachycephale Anway Synarome 808, Eric Monnet cwarrer SI Cleft Palate. cette aid ‘A. Wendell Nelzon cuarrer 52 Nasal Passages, Sinus, and Palate $24 A. Wendelt Nelson ceavren 53 Layngeal Paralys’s and Devocallzation 337 Eric Monnet chapter 54 Laryngeal Trauma and Stenosis 34s ‘A. Wendel! Nelion cHarrek 55 Diseases of the Trachea and Branchi B88 ‘A. Wendet Nelson cwapien 56 Lungs 280 A. Wendell Nelson and Erle Monnet cuaoten 57 Core of Respiratory Patients 889, ‘Tim B. Hackett section 7 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 903 E. Christopher Orton, Section Editor cuarren 58 Surgical Anatomy of the Heart 903 Eric Monnet cunerer 59 Pathophysiology of Heart Fallure a2 Mark D. Kurtleson conerer 60 Interventional Catheterization Procedures Cal Janice M. Bright cuarrer GL Pacemaker Therapy . 932 Erle Monnet Contents sett cwartes 62 Inflow Occlusion and Cardiopulmonary Bypass... 944 E. Christopher Orton and David Peterson cwarter 63 Cardiac Surgery... . 935 . Christopher Orton cuae lee 64 Surgery of the Pericardiune 987 Eric Monnet cuacter 65 Principles of Vascular Surgery. 996 NE. Sackman CHAPTER 66 Carcioputmonary Supportive Care ‘Tim B. Hackett section 8 HEMOLYMPHATIC SYSTEM. . Ralph A. Henderson, Section Editor 1015 carter 67 Hematopoiesis Alexandra Chisholm-Chait and Mary Boudreaux. 11s cuarter 68 Hematopoietic Dysfunction, Vieginta T. Rentko and Suran M. Cotter 1030 cHariee 69 Bone Marrow Rose E. Rashin 1038 cuartce 70 Spleen D. Michae! Titson 1046 cuarter 7h Lymphatics and Lymph Nodes Robert J. Hardie and Daniel J. Petrus 1063 cuapree 72 The Tonsil Mary L. Dutiser 179 cuarrer 73 The Thymus Jamie R. . 083 hand Annette N. Smith section NERVOUS SYSTEM ...... : cee 1092 Nicholas J. H. Sharp, Section Ealtorvexiv Contents cuaprce 74 Neurological Examination and Localization Kyle G. Braund and Nichotnx J. H. Sharp cuarree 75. Electrosiagnasis Paul A. Cuddon, Michelle Murray, and Karl Kraut cuasren 76 Neuroradiology. \Watiam R. Brawner J. and John T. Hathcock chavice 77 Pathogenesis of Diseases of the Central Nervous System Natasha Olby and Nick Jeffery chariew 78 Surgical Approaches to the Central Nervous Syster spre. Joan 8 Coates, Anton G. Haman, ond Curls W. Dewey rain Rodney §. Bagley cuaeter 79 Allento2xial Conaltions and Wonbler Syndrome: ‘aires say Por K. Shes Conic Spondyopaty, Wiliom Aslam fees and Nickelas JH, Sharp cuarren 80 Intervertebral Dise Disease James P. Toombs and David J. Waters cuseise 8 Miscellaneous Spinal Conditions and Peripheral Nerve injuries asceforerss Shnat Dusreere Cutis W. Dewey and Joan R: Coates Surgery of te Penpheral Nerwous Sytem Wiltem G.Rodkey ord Nicholes JH. Sherp cuarree 82 Lumbosacral Disorders, Degenerate | ureos3¢74 Sener: Surge Decorrpresion enna Sake Sorgea Sabilaton ol che Lemboszcra Joint Rodney 8, Begley charren 83 Vertebral Fractures and Luxations Beverly K. Sturget and Richard A. LeCouteur cuarren OF Intracranial Surgery Rodney 5. Bagley carrer 85 ‘Neuro-oncological Surgery of the Vertebral Column and Spinal Cora. ‘Stephen D. Guson 1092 hos 1s 1132 hag. 1148; 1168 1173 8 1180 193. 1209 1209 1218, 1227 1227 1238 1248 1261 an Votume 2 section 10 EYE AND ADNEXA : Douglas Statter, Section Editor carrer 86 Prinopies of Ophthalmic Surgery. Douglas Slatter and Carmen M. H. Colltz chapres 87 Surgery of the Eyelids ‘Tony Basher chapter 88 Conjunctival David 4. Maggs cHarree 89 The Nasolactimat System Juliet R, Glontridco caster 90 Third Eycha Ralph E. Hamor caarrer 91 Comnea ana Setera : Douglas Statter and Ursula Dietrich cuarien 92 Iris and Clary Body Davie A. witkie cwarrer OB Lens Brian €. Gilger cuavtee 94 Vitreous and Reana Patecia J. Smith cHarrer 95 Orb . Douglas Statter and Tony Basher cHaerer 96 Glaucoma Paul E. Miller cHapree 97 phihalmic Emergencies Davia A. Wille section IT REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 22.2... Elizabeth Arnold Stone, Section Editor 1287 1287 1304 1349 1363 1368 1396 ang. 1430 1454 Tt 1487cuarren 9 ‘Ovary and Uterus lizapetn Amold Stone cusrrer 9 vagina, Vestibule, and Vulva Peggy M. Wykes and Patricia N. Glson carrer 100 Nozinal and Abnormal Pasturition Pegay M. Wykes and Patricia N. Olson carrer 101 Cesarean Section Stephen D. cuavier 102 Testes and Epidiayriios Harry W. Boothe cuanter 103 Penis, Prepuce, and Serotum Harry W. Boothe charter 104 Prostate . Randy Basinger, C. Lee Robinette, and Kathy A. Spaulding seciion 12 URINARY SYSTEM Dale &. Bjorting, Section Eator charrer 105 Anatomy of the Urinary System Bruce A. Christie carrer 106 Physiology of the Unnary Tract Scott A. Brown cHaprer 107 Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Unnary Tract Diseases Scott A. Grown cwapres 108 Principles of Unnary Tract Surgery. Clarence A. Rawtings, Date E. Bjorting, and Bruce A. Christie cusvren 109 Kidneys, Clarence A. Ravelings, Date E. Bjorling, and Bruce A. Christie cHavree HO Ureters Mary A. McLoughlin and Date E. Bjorting 1487 1502 Isi9 1317 1521 1531 1542 1558 1575 1583 1594 1606 1619 cunpree Vil Urinary Bledicer on R, Waldron cHaerer 112 The urethra, Dale E, Bjorling coaprer 113 Lower Lirinary Tract Diseases in Cats . A. Tony Buffington, Dennis J. Chew, and Stephen P. DiBartola cHaprer [4 Medical Treatment of Urolthiasis Joseph W. Bartges and India F. Lane carrer 115 Prevention of Acute Renal Failure Gregory F. Grauer section 13 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. Dougtas Slatter, Section Editor cuarres 116 Hypopnysectomy Gert W. Nicbauer cuarren 117 Adveraleciamy Stephen J. sirenard cuartce 18 Thyroid Gland. . Nicole Ehrhart coarres 19 Parathyroid Gland James A, Flanders cwarrer 120 Endocrine Pancreas Andrew E. Kyles seciiaon 14 EAR... : D.4. Keahwinkel, Section Editor cHarrer (2t Pinna bovtieeeeiecaees Ralph A. Henderson and Robert Home cHapren 122 xieral Ear Canal D. J. Krahwin Contents sew 1629 L638 1651 lest 1672 1677 167 1700 mn 174 1737 1737 1746,powi Conionts cHapren 123 Middle Ear... cece IST Richard A. S. White cuarren 124 Clinical Evaluation of Auditory Function... 1767 Michael H. Siens section 15 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM... Philip B. Vatseur, Section Editor W774 cuapter 125 Connective Tissues of the Musculoskeletal Sysiem o . 1m Adele L. Boskey cHaere 126 Fracture Biology and Biomechanics. 78s Don Hulse and Bill Hyman cuarren 127 Treatment of Open Fractures cee 1785) George B. Grant and Robert 8. Olds coartes 128 Internal Fracture Fxaiion, cee - 1798 ‘Simon Roe Threiocting Nais 1807 Kenneth: Johnson cwarren 129 External Skeletal Fxation Is18 Denis 1. Marcellintttie carrer 130 Exemal Coapiation . 1335 Charles £. DeCamp charren 131 Delayed Unions. Nenunions, and Matunions 1849) Darryt L. Millis and Aaron M. Jackson carrer 132 Onthopaedic infections . 1862 Loretta J. Bubenik and Mark M. Smith caries 133 Bone Gratis 1875 Darryl L, Miuis and Steven A. Martiner cuseren 134 Scapula : 1891 Robert 8. Parker cHapre® $35 Lunation of the Scapulohumerat toint 1897 Kent W. Talcott and Philip B. Vasseur cuarree 136 Fractures of the Humerus James L. Tomlinson cwavren 137 Elbow Luxation (Christopher L. Dasster and Philip 8. Vasseur chapter 138 Canine Elbow Dysplasia ‘Kurt 5. Senutz and Ursute Krotécheck cuArseR 129 Fractures of the Racls and Lina Randy J, Boudrienu caarren 140 Carpus and Digits Curtis W. Probst ane arryt M. Milix chaeten 141 Fraciures of the Polis James L. Tomlinson cuapree 142 Coxofernoral Luxation Jan G. Holsworth and Charies E. DeCamp cusvrer 143 Hip Dysplasia Pathogenesis Rory J. Todhunter and George Lust charren 144 Canine Hip Dysplasia: Diagnosis ane Nonsurgica! Treatment Christopher L. Dassier cuarren 145 Surgical Treaument of Canine Hip Dysplasia Kurt 5. Senutz and Lole M. Dejardin carrer 146 Fractures of the Femur Davia J. Simpson and Dante! D, Lewlt cuarien 147 Stite Jeine Philip B. Vasseur charter 148 Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy: Loic M. Dejardin caarren 149 Fractures of the Tibia and Fibula Randy J. Boudrieau cHarice 150 The Tarsus and Metaiarsus .. Janet A. Welch 190 1919 1927 1933 1974 1989 2002 2019 2029 2059 2090 2133 2144cHaprer 15] Atthrodiesis, ‘Amold 5. Lesser cuacrer 152 ‘Amputations Joseph P. Weigel carrer 153 Maxllotacia) Fractures Frank J. M. Verstracte cHaoter 154 Osteoarthritis Rory J. Tedhunter and Spencer A. Johnston 155 Immune Mediated Polyarthets ‘Autumn P. Davidson cuaster 156 Miscetlaneous Orthopaedic Diseases... Ron Montgomery carter 15? Perthes’ Disease sects Wesley T. Cook and Mark M. Smith charter 158 Muscle and Tendlon Disorders Ron Montgomery and Randy Fitch cuarter 159 LimbySparing Surgey for Dogs with Bone Neoplasia Wittiam §. Derneil cuapren 160 Small Animal Arthroscopy 18. Van fyssen, H. Van Bree, Wayne ©. Whitney, and Kurt S. Schutz section I6 ONCOLOGY... (Chartes Kuntz, Section Editor cuanroe 161 Biotagy of Neoplastic Disease ‘Susan &, Lana caster 162 Diagnosis of Neoplasia, Kevia A. Hahn charren 163 surgical Therapy. John Berg 2070 2180 2246 2251 2261 27 2307 2307 213 2304 conreres caster 164 Radiation Therapy David Quslander carter 165 Chemotherapy of Neoplasia ‘Sung-Hycok Hong and Chand Khanna cuarrer 166 Skin and Subcutis Maura G. OBrien cwarren 167 Alimentary Tract, Liver, and Pancreas ‘Akmartary Wet and Parkes Mourne Thomson Lier Fre Monnet and Simen Kodeigy carrer 148 Cardiac and Pericaraial Neoplasia Douglas A. Rohn and Richard D. Kienle cHnpren 169 Hematopoietic Neoplasia ‘Stephen D. Gilson and Bernard Séguin cwarrer 170 Tumors of the Cental and Peripheral Nervous system Rodney E. Oakley and Jon 5. Patterson cwarrer 171 Eye and Orbit ‘Stephen istner cwarrer 172 Reproductive Oncology, Mitchell Robbins cuarzer 173 Urinary Systern Otto Lanz cuaeiee 174 Musculoskeletal Systema Caroline Garzotto and John Berg cuapter 175 Respiratory Tract Neoplasia Cathy L. Greenfield cuapter 176 Tumors of the Mandible, Maxita, and Calvarium Bernard Séquin section 17 ANESTHESIA. ... ‘Peter W. Mellyer and Steve C. Haskins, Section Editors 2329 2345 2359 2382 2304 2405 2425 Daas 2460 2874 2aK8 -. 2503powill Contents cuaprer 177 Poin Management for the Surgical Fatient Peter W. Hellyer and Anna D. Fats cuarree WB Patient Monitoring Aeris 1. Krare-Eliott cHarier 179 Operating Room Emergencies Steve C Haskins cuarren 180 Elective Soft Tissue and Orthopaedic Procedures Vietoria M. Lukasik cuartes 18? Anesthesia and Analgesia for the Trauma or ‘Shock Patient Gwendolyn L. Carroll coarrer 182 Urinary System Diane E. Mazon cwaprenw 183 Anesthesia for ihe Patient with Cental Nervous ‘System or Ophthalmic Disease John W. Ludders ‘Arrests Fr the Pato win Cena Nervous Syste Disease eve fr the Cohan Surica Patent charren 184 Respiratory Systern Sanara Perkowatd cHapiee 185 Cardiovascutar System Rose MctMurphy chavrer 186 Hepatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery. John R. Dodam cHarree 187 Endocrine System Sheltah A. Robertson cHapren 188 Anesthesia for the Pediatric and Genaeric Patient ‘Tamara L. Grube charren 189 Cesarean Section Paula F. Moor-Massat 2503 2516 2521 2832 2538 2548 2852 2552 2560 2564 2579 2586 2593 2597 curaprer 190 Thage and Initial Support of the Trauma Patient Janet Atarich curavree 191 Postoperatwe Patient Care Jane E. Quandt carrer 192 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Steve C. Haskins CHAPTER 193 Positive Pressure Ventiation Steve €. Haskins secrion 18 DENTISTRY . cee Frank J. M. Verstracte, Section Ealtor cuaeren 194 Applied Oral Anatomy and Histology Abraham J. Bezuidenhout cuarter 195 Oral Pathology Frank JM, Veestraate chavren 196 Penadontal and Orat inflammatory Disease Cecelia Gorrel cHarten 197 Periodontics, 7. Keith Grove caarrer 198 Endodontics rela Frost Fitch, cuagr ee 199 Restorative Dentisty Gregg A. DuPont cuarter 200 Orthodontics Philippe Hennet charree 201 Exodontics| Frank J. Mf, Verstraete Normal Laboraiory Values for the Dag and Cat Index 2603 2608 2613 2623 2630 2630 2638 2652 2662 2669 2686 2686 2n0SECTION 1 = Surgical Biology Giselle Hosgood, Section Editor CHAPTER Shock: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Thomas K. Day Shock is 4 complea series of physiological events that results trom a variety of causes and clinical diseases. Ani- ‘mals can be presented in shock, can develop shock during the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of medical and surgical diseases, or can develop shock in sie postap- ‘erative period. The most challenging medical and surgical iseases have shock as a component of or possible sequel to the disease process. In humans, shock in the postopera tive period is most common, All of the shock syndromes in veterinary medicine can result in high morbidity and mor- tality if they are not recognized and treated immediately, Advances in knowledge vf the pathophysiologival mecha nisms of shock and shock syndromes, combined with ad- vances in noninvasive and invasive monitoring techniques, have resulted in the ability co anticipate, to recognize, and to teat shock syadromes more effectively. ‘The definition of shock requires clarification, Shock is root defined by tachycardia, hypotension, circulatory col~ lapse, stupor, coma, pale mucous membranes, or dehydra- tiun. These clinical signs may be associated with shock and are easily recognized, but they are common fo many other ‘conditions. The underlying problem or inciting event of all ‘causes ot shock is a decrease in effective blood ftow and to tissues thar does not mect the demand ‘The decrease in blocd flaw can occur by ‘many mechanisms, either cardiac or vascular, as described by the tditional categorization af shock. Poor tissue per fusion initiates a complex series of events that eventually result in altered cellular metabolism, cellular death, organ failure, and ultimately death of the animal. Thus, shock can be defined as an imbalance between oxygen dehvery and ‘oxygen consumption, such that the delivery of oxygen does not meet the needs of the tissues. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ‘The delivery of oxygen to the tissues must meet oayyen consumption demands. ‘The oxygen consumption of tissue in the normal animal is relatively conssant. Clinical syn- ddromes thal can result in increased tissue oxygen consump- tion include status cpilepticus, tremorogenic. toxins (¢.2. strychnine, moid, heatstroke, snd. malignant hyperthermia. A systematic, formuia-oriented description of oxygen deliv- ery Variables may be beneficial in understanding all of the possible mechanisms by which oxygen dclivery ean be altered t0 produce shock (Table 1-1). The delivery of oxygen depends on cardiac output and oxygen content in arterial blood, Cardiac output is the product of heart rats and stroke volume, which is an effect of preload, afterload, tmyocardial contractility, and myocardial synchrony ¢eardiac rhythm, The oxygen content of arterial blood is reflected by the amount ard oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the blood. Alteration of any of the determinants of oxygen delivery ean result in inadequate oxygen in the tissues, One variable omitted from the definition of shock but that is commonly measured during anesthesia and critical care is blood pressure, Blood pressure is the product of caniae output and systemic vascular resistance. By defini tion, it is the lateral force that the blood exerts on the blood vesse? wall st any given portion of the vascular system, Blood pressure iy nol synonymous with blood flow and cannot be interpreted as cardiac output; cardiac outpat actually determines blood pressure. ‘Thus, blood pressure is foot a primary determinant of oxygen delivery and may ‘only be «sigh that cardiac ourpat (which is deierminant cof oxygen delivery) may be inadeyuato. The initiating event of stioek is poor tissue perfusion. A. decrease in arterial blood pressure, regardless of the cause {decreased cardiac output or systemic vascular resistance), {initiates « neurohormonal response to inccease intravascular volume and cardiac output (Fig. 11.2 Baroreoeptors in the aorta and the carotid arteries detcet a decrease in car diac output. A neural signal transmitted to the vasomotor center of the medull2 oblongata releases the inhibition of the syrapathetic center and depresses the parasympathetic center. The adrenal medulla 4s integral 0 the newrohor onal response by releasing dhe catecholamines epineph: rine and norepinephrine. The overall result is an increase 1