CE 315

DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES-I

Design for Flexure by USD (Singly)

By
Dr. Md. Naimul Haque

Department of Civil Engineering

East West University
Ultimate Moment
Capacity
Reinforced Concrete Beam

C
N.A.
Difficult to
z locate the
Neutral
axis
T

STRAIN STRESS FORCE

EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR STRESS BLOCK
EQUIVALENT RECTANGULAR STRESS BLOCK
 REINFORCED CONCRETE

Based on actual stress distribution

Flexure Design by ACI Code

Mu = ØMn

Mu = External BM
Mn = Nominal Moment Capacity
Ø = Strength Reduction Factor
Types of Beam
Strain Distribution for Diff. Types of Beam

Under-reinforced NA

Balanced NA

Over-reinforced NA
The reinforced concrete beam is characterized by ACI as-
 Tension-controlled
Ductile mode of failure, with ample warning of failure as denoted by
excessive cracking and deflection (preferred)

 Compression-controlled
Brittle mode of failure, with little warning

 Transitional
Beams with small axial load and large moment
In another way, steel strain εt can be determined using this formula,
f c'  u
  0.85 1
f y u  t
VALUE OF Ø
ANALYSIS TYPE
CALCULATE ØMn

Calculate εt from ρ

Section Section not

OK acceptable

Determine a and c
ADEQUECY CHECK

Calculate εt from ρ

Section Section not

OK acceptable

Determine a and c
Adequate Not Adequate
Calculate Safe/Allowable Load, Wu

Calculate εt from ρ

Section Section not

OK acceptable

Determine a and c
Problem#1
Or, εt =0.0076 ≥ 0.005, So Ø=0.90
Design Moment,
Problem#2
Or, εt =0.0042 ≤ 0.005, Need Ø adjustment
Design Moment,
Or, εt =0.0057 ≥ 0.005, So Ø=0.90
OK
Or, εt =0.0076 ≥ 0.005, So Ø=0.90
OK
DESIGN TYPE
Variables that need to be found or answered include the following-

1. For a given section, and given loads (i.e., moment), determine the
required steel area.

2. For given loads (i.e., moment), proportion a beam section and

determine the required steel area.
Calculate As

Assume a Value of a
(approximately 1/4th
of d) OK NOT OK

Calculate εt from ρ

REPEAT
SECTION
Calculate b, h and As

Assume Values of b, h & d

OK NOT OK
Assume a Value of a
(approximately 1/4th of d)
Calculate εt from ρ

REPEAT
SECTION
Sometimes due to architectural consideration it is
necessary to limit the depth of the beam. To carry the
service moment the beam becomes overreinforced.

Overreinforced Overreinforced
Beam Beam
Tension problem, Mu and
Controlled Beam beam dimensions
are known, As is
unknown.
Assume a Value of a
(approximately 1/4th
of d) OK NOT OK

Calculate εt from ρ

εt ≤ 0.002

Overrei
nforced
Beam
 3.

4.

Assume a beam 5.
X-section

1.
6.

2.
7. Use, Ø = 0.65, ØMn
1. Design of Concrete Structures 14th Editionby Arthur
Nilson (Author), David Darwin (Author), Charles Dolan
(Author), McGraw-Hill Education; 14 edition (July
10, 2009).

2. Lecture Notes prepared under HEQEP Project, CUET.