The Big Green Book of Italian v - Katrien Maes-Christie

Alle nostre figlie
Hannah e Nelleke — K. M-C.

Johanna e Hilary — D.F.
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Contents
Italian Tense Profiles

• Easy-to-view summaries of formation and uses of each tense
The Basics of Conjugation

The Simple Tenses
Il presente · The present
L’imperfetto · The imperfect
Il passato remoto · The preterit
Il futuro · The future
Il condizionale presente · The present conditional
Il congiuntivo presente · The present subjunctive
Il congiuntivo imperfetto · The imperfect subjunctive
The Compound Tenses
Il passato prossimo · The present perfect
Il trapassato prossimo · The past perfect
Il trapassato remoto · The preterit perfect
Il futuro anteriore · The future perfect
Il condizionale passato · The perfect conditional
Il congiuntivo passato · The perfect subjunctive
Il congiuntivo trapassato · The past perfect subjunctive
Special Verb Types and Constructions
I verbi riflessivi · Reflexive verbs
I verbi impersonali · Impersonal verbs
La forma passiva · The passive voice
Commands
L’imperativo · The imperative
Nonfinite Verb Forms
L’infinito · The infinitive
Il gerundio · The gerund
Il participio presente · The present participle
Il participio passato · The past participle
555 Fully Conjugated Verbs

• Alphabetically ordered with examples of common use
Top 50 Verbs: Full page of examples adjoining select conjugations
Exercises
• Drills to test and improve your grasp of correct verb forms
Answers to Exercises
English-Italian Verb Index

• 555 verb models cross-referenced by their English meanings
Irregular Verb Form Index

• Index showing the infinitive of difficult irregular Italian verb forms
Italian Verb Index

• More than 2,700 verbs cross-referenced to the full verb models
ITALIAN TENSE PROFILES
THE BASICS OF CONJUGATION

To conjugate a verb is to list all of its different forms in a logical order. These
verb forms may have the following features: mood, tense, person, and
number.
Mood and Tense

Finite verb forms in Italian express one of four modi, or moods: indicative,
conditional, subjunctive, or imperative. The mood of a finite verb form
expresses how it relates to reality or to the intent of the speaker or writer. The
indicative mood (indicativo) makes a statement or asks a question about an
objective fact. The conditional mood (condizionale) expresses a perceived
result or outcome based on a stated or implied condition. The subjunctive
mood (congiuntivo) expresses a condition, wish, emotion, or other sentiment
of a nonfactual, subjective nature. The imperative mood (imperativo)
expresses a command. These four moods are exemplified in the following
sentences.
Nonfinite verb forms belong to one of three modi: the infinitive (infinito),
participle (participio), or gerund (gerundio), as illustrated in the following
sentences.
In addition to mood, Italian verb forms express tense (past, present, and
future). In Italian, there are both simple and compound tenses. In simple
tenses (tempi semplici), the verb form consists of a single word (the verb
stem plus its ending); in compound tenses (tempi composti), the verb form
consists of an auxiliary (avere or essere) plus the past participle of the verb.
The conjugation tables in this book give all verb forms for all Italian tenses,
simple and compound.
The details of tense formation and use of finite verb forms begins on page 6
with an introduction to the simple tenses. The formation and use of nonfinite
verb forms is detailed on 34–36.
Person and Number

Finite verb forms in both Italian and English have person and number.
Person generally refers to the subject of a sentence—the person or thing that
is performing the action of the verb. First person refers to the speaker and
corresponds to the pronouns I and we in English. Second person refers to the
person being spoken to and corresponds to the pronoun you, singular or
plural. Third person refers to the person or thing being talked about and
corresponds to the pronouns he, she, it, and they.
In addition to person, an Italian verb has number, signifying whether the
subject is one person or thing (and therefore singular) or more than one (and
therefore plural). The following chart summarizes subject pronouns in
English.
The verb form corresponding to each subject pronoun can be inserted into
this chart, creating a conjugation paradigm for that verb. This is a
conventional listing of the verb forms in a set order, and it is used in both
English and Italian. Using this format, the conjugation of the English verb to
be is as follows.
Am is first-person singular, is is third-person singular, and are is second-

person singular and plural, as well as first- and third-person plural.
The subject pronouns in Italian do not correspond exactly to those in English.
• Italian has four subject pronouns that mean you in English. Tu and voi are
informal ways of addressing one person (tu) or more than one person (voi).
These pronouns (and their corresponding verb forms) are used when
speaking to family members, friends, fellow students, children, and so on.
Lei and Loro (usually capitalized, even in the middle of a sentence) are
formal ways of addressing one person (Lei) or more than one person
(Loro). These pronouns (and their corresponding verb forms) are used
when speaking to a stranger, an acquaintance whom you don’t know very
well, a professor, an older person, and so on.
In several southern regions of Italy, the voi form of the verb is used in
formal conversation instead of the Lei/Loro form. It is used to address one
or more persons.
• When two pronouns representing different persons are used as the subject of
a sentence, first person prevails over second and third, and second person
over third, for determining the person of the verb.
• Subject pronouns are often omitted in Italian, since the verb endings make
the person of the subject clear. These pronouns are sometimes used for
emphasis or contrast.
In some tenses (for example, the present subjunctive), the same verb form
may be used for more than one of the persons; in such cases, the subject
pronoun is used to avoid ambiguity.
• There are several third-person subject pronouns. Lui and lei are the most
commonly used subject pronouns; they refer to people and animals, but not
to objects. Egli and ella also refer to people but are limited to use in formal,
written style. Esso and essa are used for animals and objects; their plural
counterparts, essi and esse, can refer to people, as well as to animals and
objects. See the pronoun chart above.
• To express an indefinite subject (equivalent to English you, one, they,
people), Italian uses the pronoun si.
Verb Classes
Italian has three main classes of verbs, called conjugations. A verb’s
conjugation, or class, is determined by the ending of its infinitive—the form
ending in -are, -ere, or -ire. The infinitive, which corresponds to the English
construction to, is invariable and is not marked for person or number. We will
use amare to love, temere to fear, and sentire to feel, hear, to represent the
first, second, and third conjugations, respectively. Each of the three
conjugations has its own set of endings for each tense, but there are many
similarities from conjugation to conjugation, and some endings of one
conjugation are identical to those of one or both of the others.
First-conjugation (-are) verbs comprise the most numerous and most regular
class. Virtually all new verbs in Italian (for example, fotocopiare to
photocopy and cliccare to click [a mouse button]) are -are verbs.
Second-conjugation (-ere) verbs are less numerous and tend to be irregular.
In some -ere verbs, the ending is stressed (tem re), in others the stress falls
in the stem (l ggere). To indicate that the ending is stressed, a macron is
placed above the thematic -e- in the banner description of the verb in the
conjugation tables (thus, -ēre). This stress is marked only as an aid to the
language learner; it is not used in writing Italian.
Third-conjugation (-ire) verbs have, in addition to the verbs that follow the
model of sentire (io sento), a second type of verb that requires that -isc- be
inserted between the stem and ending in certain persons of the present tense
of the indicative and subjunctive moods and of the imperative. We will use
finire (io finisco) as the model for this subclass of -ire verbs. For a few of
these verbs, there is a choice as to whether -isc- is inserted or not; examples
are applaudire to applaud and mentire to lie. These are designated “optional
-isc-” verbs in their conjugation banners. Some of these verbs, however, are
used only rarely with -isc- insertion (for example, avvertire to inform) and
are so designated.
Principal Parts of the Verb

In the conjugation tables in this book, the 555 verbs are presented in
alphabetical order by infinitive. It is the infinitive of an Italian verb that is the
entry word in most dictionaries. Three other verb forms are listed below the
infinitive: the first-person singular present indicative form, the first-person
singular preterit indicative form, and the past participle. Together with the
infinitive, these three forms comprise the four principal parts of the verb, and
knowing them, you can construct all the forms of all Italian verbs except for a
few highly irregular ones.
Let verb No. 305, mettere, serve as an example.
mettere
metto • misi • messo
• From the infinitive, mettere, the following tenses are derived:
• The imperfect tense:
mettevo, mettevi, metteva, mettevamo, mettevate, mettevano
• The preterit tense of regular verbs (illustrated below with temere) and the
tu, noi, and voi forms of most irregular preterit verbs:
• The future tense:

metterò, metterai, metterà, metteremo, metterete, metteranno
• The present conditional tense:
metterei, metteresti, metterebbe, metteremmo, mettereste, metterebbero
• The imperfect subjunctive tense:
mettessi, mettessi, mettesse, mettessimo, metteste, mettessero
• From the first-person singular of the present tense, metto, the following
tenses are derived:
• The remainder of the present tense:
—, metti, mette, mettiamo, mettete, mettono
• The present subjunctive tense:
metta, metta, metta, mettiamo, mettiate, mettano
• From the first-person singular of the preterit tense, misi, the io, lui/lei, and
loro forms are derived:
misi, —, mise, —, —, misero
(The tu, noi, and voi forms are regular and are derived from the infinitive,
as shown above. The preterit form is given as a principal part because
many Italian verbs, especially -ere verbs, have irregular forms in the
preterit tense.)
• The past participle, messo, is used as the second component of all
compound tenses:
For other uses of the past participle, see 32 and 36.

NOTE An Italian verb may be linked to its object by a preposition, even if the
corresponding English verb uses no preposition. When learning the principal
parts and meanings of an Italian verb, it is important to learn the prepositions,
if any, that link it to its object.
THE SIMPLE TENSES

The simple tenses (i tempi semplici) are those in which the conjugated verb
consists of a single word, inflected with different endings to show mood,
tense, person, and number. Listed below are the seven simple tenses of
Italian. The first four belong to the indicative mood, although this designation
is often omitted when discussing them.
Il presente · The present
The present tense forms of Italian verbs consist of a single word with two
parts: the stem, which conveys the meaning of the verb, and the present-tense
ending, which indicates the person and number of the verb’s subject. To
determine the present-tense stem of a regular verb, drop the ending of the
infinitive (-are, -ere, or -ire).
Then add the present-tense endings of the appropriate conjugation.

• The io, tu, and noi forms have the same endings in all three conjugations: -
o, -i, -iamo. The voi form has the characteristic stem vowel of its
conjugation in the ending: -ate, -ete, -ite. The lui/lei and loro forms have -a
and -ano in the first conjugation and -e and -ono in the second and third
conjugations.
• The lui/lei and loro forms are used for the formal you in all tenses.
• There is an important shift in stress in all three conjugations. The three
forms of the singular and the third-person plural are stressed on the vowel
of the stem, while the first- and second-person plural forms are stressed on
the vowel of the ending. The only exception is for -isc- verbs of the third
conjugation: the i of the inserted -isc- is stressed, not the stem vowel.
Notes about -are verbs

• Certain types of first-conjugation verbs undergo spelling changes in the
stem in the present and other tenses. In the conjugation tables, shorthand
rules for these spelling changes are given in the banner. (See the
explanation of banner components in the box on page 5. For easy reference,
see the Summary of Spelling Changes box on page 8.)
• Verbs ending in -care and -gare add an h to the stem in the tu and noi
forms before the endings -i and -iamo are added. This is done to preserve
the hard c or g sound of the infinitive.
• Verbs ending in -ciare, -giare, -chiare, and -ghiare drop the final i- of the
stem in the tu and noi forms before the endings -i and -iamo are added.
• Most other verbs ending in -iare drop the final i- of the stem in the tu and
noi forms. However, for some of these verbs (for example, sciare to ski),
the stem i- is stressed in the io form and the tu form retains the stem i-
(and the stem i- and ending -i are pronounced separately).
• There are only four irregular verbs in the first conjugation: andare, dare,
fare, and stare. (Fare is sometimes considered a second-conjugation verb
because it derives from Latin facere and uses second-conjugation endings
in some tenses.) The irregularities in these base verbs are usually present
in their compounds (for example, riandare to go back, ridare to give
back, sopraffare to overwhelm, and sottostare to submit to).
Notes about -ere verbs

• Verbs ending in -gere and -scere are pronounced with a hard g or c sound
in the io and loro forms; no spelling change occurs.
• The verbs rimanere to stay (and another -manere compound, permanere

to remain) and tenere to keep (and its compounds, for example, mantenere
to maintain and ritenere to consider) add a g to the stem before the endings
for the io and loro forms.
• Verbs ending in -acere usually add a c to the stem before the io, noi, and
loro endings.
• Verbs ending in -gliere transpose the g and l in the io and loro forms.
Note about -ire verbs

• Many -ire verbs insert -isc- between the stem and endings in all forms of
the present tense except noi and voi, as shown in the finire paradigm above.
Summary of Spelling Changes

For certain types of -are verbs conjugated in this book, the banner lists
shorthand rules for spelling changes that occur in the present, future,
present conditional, and present subjunctive tenses. Following is a list of
these rules with explanations and examples. Additional information can
be found in the sections describing each of the tenses mentioned.
c > ch/e,i
An h is added after the -c- of verbs ending in -care before an ending
beginning with -e or -i; for example, giocare > io giocherò (future), tu
giochi (present).
g > gh/e,i
An h is added after the -g- of verbs ending in -gare before an ending
beginning with -e or -i; for example, pagare > io pagherò (future), tu
paghi (present).
ci > c/e,i
The -i- of verbs ending in -ciare is dropped before an ending beginning
with -e or -i; for example, baciare > io bacerò (future), tu baci
(present).
gi > g/e,i
The -i- of verbs ending in -giare is dropped before an ending beginning
with -e or -i; for example, mangiare > io mangerò (future), tu mangi
(present).
i > –/i
The -i- of verbs ending in -iare (with unstressed -i-) is dropped before
an ending beginning with -i. For example, studiare > tu studi (present
indicative and subjunctive), loro studino (present subjunctive). Verbs of
this class have an unstressed -i- in the io form of the present indicative
tense (io st dio) and only one i in the tu form (tu studi).
i > –/-iamo,-iate
The -i- of verbs ending in -iare (with stressed -i-) is dropped before the
endings -iamo and -iate. For example, sciare > noi sciamo, voi sciate
(present indicative and subjunctive). Verbs of this class have a stressed -
i- in the io form of the present indicative (io sc o) and -ii in the tu form
of the present indicative (tu sc i) and in the io, tu, lui, and loro forms of
the present subjunctive (io/tu/lui scii, loro sc ino).
Uses of the Present Tense

The present tense is used extensively in Italian and can be translated into
English in several ways, depending on the intended meaning.
• The present tense is used to state a fact that is always true.
• The present tense is used to express an ongoing action in the present.
• The present tense is used to express a habitual (regular, repeated) action in

the present.
• The present tense is often used to express what will happen in the future. If
another element in the sentence refers to the future, the present tense can be
used.
• The present tense is used to express an action that began in the past and
continues into the present. This corresponds to the English construction
has/have been ______ing.
• The present tense is used to express a past action, usually for dramatic
effect; this is called the historic, or narrative, present.
• Italian often uses the present tense of stare plus a gerund to express the
equivalent of the present progressive, or present continuous, tense in
English. This construction emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action.
Andare is used instead of stare to indicate a gradual increase or decrease.

While use of stare + gerund is restricted to the present and imperfect (and
sometimes future) tenses, andare can be used in all tenses.
L’imperfetto • The imperfect

The imperfect tense of most verbs is formed by dropping the -re of the
infinitive and adding the endings -vo, -vi, -va, -vamo, -vate, -vano. There is
no -isc- insertion in the -ire conjugation. In the model paradigms below, note
that the stress falls on the stem vowel except in the noi and voi forms, where
it falls on the first vowel of the ending.
• A few verbs (and their compounds) have an irregular stem in the imperfect
tense.
Since there is no base verb durre in Italian, produrre is used to represent

compounds in -durre, such as condurre to lead and introdurre to
introduce.
• Only essere is irregular in all forms of the imperfect tense.
Uses of the Imperfect Tense

The imperfect tense in Italian, also called the simple past or past descriptive
tense, is used to express several types of actions or events in the past.
• The imperfect tense is used to express an ongoing action in the past, with
the emphasis on its unfinished aspect. This use corresponds to the English
past progressive, or past continuous, tense (was _______ing).
• The imperfect tense is used to express a habitual (regular, repeated) action
in the past, equivalent to the English used to.
• The imperfect tense is used to express an action that began in the past and
was still going on when something else happened. This often expresses time
or weather as background for a past action.
• The imperfect tense is used to express a state or condition that existed in the
past.
• The imperfect tense is used in indirect discourse to report what someone

said or wrote. It is used in a che-clause after the past tense of verbs like dire
to say and scrivere to write.
• Italian often uses the imperfect tense of stare plus a gerund to express the
equivalent of the past progressive, or past continuous, tense in English.
Il passato remoto • The preterit

The preterit indicative tense is formed by dropping the -are, -ere, or -ire
ending of the infinitive and adding the preterit endings (in bold type in the
paradigms below).
• The io form of the preterit is given as the third principal part in the
conjugation banner.
• The majority of -ere verbs have alternate endings for the io, lui, and loro
forms, as shown in the paradigm for temere above. -Ere verbs with stems
ending in -t, however, generally do not have the -ett- endings.
• Many Italian verbs, mostly of the -ere conjugation, have an irregular
passato remoto. Most of these follow a 1-3-3 pattern: only the io, lui, and
loro forms have irregular stems to which the endings -i, -e, -ero are added.
The tu, noi, and voi forms follow the pattern of regular verbs (with a few
exceptions). Thus the verb prendere to take is conjugated as follows.
Verbs can be grouped according to the type of irregularity they display in

the stem. Following is a list of common stem irregularities in the io, lui,
and loro forms in the preterit.
A few verbs have an irregular stem in their tu, noi, and voi forms, in addition
to stem irregularities in their io, lui, and loro forms.
Avere and essere are irregular as well.

Uses of the Preterit Tense
The preterit tense, also called the past historic, past absolute, or past definite
tense, expresses an action or state completed in the distant past with no link
to the present.
• The preterit tense is used to express historical events.
• The preterit tense is used to narrate fables and stories.
• Both the preterit and present perfect tenses are used for completed actions.
While the preterit tense generally implies that the past action has no
connection to the present, the present perfect suggests a link with or effect
on the present. Nonetheless, in contemporary conversational and written
Italian, the present perfect tense is often used instead of the preterit,
especially in northern Italy.
Il futuro · The future

The future indicative tense is formed by dropping the final -e of the infinitive
and adding the endings -ò, -ai, -à, -emo, -ete, -anno. These endings are the
same for all conjugations and for regular and irregular verbs alike. -Are verbs
change the -a- of the infinitive to -e-.
• Certain types of -are verbs undergo spelling changes in the future-tense
stem. In the conjugation tables, shorthand rules for these spelling changes
are given in the banner. (See the explanation of banner components in the
box on page 5. For easy reference, see the Summary of Spelling Changes
box on page 8.)
• Verbs ending in -care and -gare add an h after the -c- or -g-.
• In addition to changing the -a- of the infinitive to -e-, verbs ending in -ciare
and -giare drop the final i- of the stem.
• Some -are verbs do not change the characteristic -a- to -e-.

• Some verbs drop the characteristic vowel of the infinitive altogether.
• Some verbs have a double r in the future stem; if the infinitive has three or
more syllables, the characteristic vowel is dropped.
• The stem for the future tense of essere to be is sar-.
Uses of the Future Tense

• The future tense is used to state what will happen in the future.
In speech, the future is often replaced by the simple present tense, which
can be used when another element of the sentence makes it clear that the
future, not the present, is meant.
• The future tense is used as a command or exhortation.

• The future tense is used to express a supposition, a probability, or an
approximation. This use is often translated into English as could (be) _____,
may (be) _____, or must (be) _____.
Dove saranno i nostri amici?
• If se if, quando when, appena as soon as, or finché until implies a future
action, the verb that follows is in the future tense. English usually uses the
present tense in the subordinate clause.
Il condizionale presente · The present conditional

The stem of the present conditional tense is identical to that of the future
tense. Thus, for all conjugations the final -e of the infinitive is dropped, and
verbs in -are change the -a- of the infinitive to -e-. The endings of the present
conditional are -ei, -esti, -ebbe, -emmo, -este, -ebbero for all conjugations.
Any changes in the future stem of irregular verbs (see page 14) are present in
the conditional stem as well. These irregularities follow.
Uses of the Present Conditional Tense

The conditional mood is used to express what would happen in a given
situation. The present conditional tense generally corresponds to the English
would _____.
• If preceded or followed by a se-clause, the present conditional tense is used
to express what would happen if the specified condition were met. The se-
clause itself uses the imperfect subjunctive tense.
• The present conditional tense is used to state a polite request or preference,

to state a supposition, or to express a doubt.
• The use of would in English does not automatically signal that the
conditional is called for in Italian. The verb would sometimes indicates
habitual, or regularly repeated, actions in the past. In such cases, the
imperfect is used in Italian, not the conditional.
Il congiuntivo presente · The present subjunctive

The subjunctive mood, which is widely used in Italian, has four tenses: the
present, imperfect, perfect, and past perfect.
The present subjunctive tense of most verbs is formed by dropping the -o of
the first-person singular, present-tense form and adding the present
subjunctive endings (in bold type in the paradigms below).
• The io, tu, and lui forms are identical in each conjugation. To avoid
confusion, the subject pronouns are often expressed.
• The noi and voi persons have the same endings for all three conjugations (-
iamo and -iate). The noi form of the present subjunctive is always identical
to its counterpart in the present indicative tense.
• The -ere and -ire conjugations have the same endings.
• -Ire verbs of the -isc- type have -isc- in all but the noi and voi forms.
• Verbs ending in -care and -gare insert an h between the stem and endings
in all forms to retain the hard c or g sound.
• Verbs ending in -ciare, -giare, -chiare, and -ghiare drop the final i- of the
stem before the endings are added.
• Most other verbs ending in -iare drop the final i- of the stem. However, for
some of these verbs (for example, sciare) the stem i- is stressed in the io
form, and the stem retains its i- in all but the noi and voi forms.
In the conjugation tables, shorthand rules for these spelling changes are
given in the banner. (See the explanation of banner components in the box
on page 5. For easy reference, see the Summary of Spelling Changes box
on page 8.)
• Some common verbs have irregular stems in the present subjunctive (see
specific conjugation pages for these irregular stems).
Uses of the Subjunctive Mood

Whereas the indicative mood makes a statement of fact, the subjunctive
mood introduces an element of subjectivity and expresses opinion,
uncertainty, or emotion. For example, the subjunctive is used in subordinate
clauses after verb constructions such as pensare che, dubitare che, non
essere sicuro che, volere che, and temere che.
• The subjunctive is used after a large number of verbs and impersonal

constructions that introduce a subordinate clause beginning with che that or
se if. The most common of these expressions are categorized below.
Opinion, judgment
Supposition
Doubt, denial, disbelief, uncertainty
Emotion
Wish, desire, hope, expectation
Order, permission
• The subjunctive is used after certain conjunctions.
When the subject of both verbs is the same, some prepositional

constructions are followed by the infinitive, not by the subjunctive.
• The subjunctive is used in an adjective clause after an indefinite antecedent.
When the antecedent is definite, the indicative (not the subjunctive) is

used in the adjective clause.
• The subjunctive is used in an adjective clause after a negative antecedent.
When the antecedent is not negative, the indicative (not the subjunctive) is
used in the adjective clause.
• The subjunctive is used in a dependent clause after a comparative or

superlative antecedent, or if the clause is preceded by one of the following
adjectives: solo, unico, primo, and ultimo.
• The subjunctive is used in indirect questions introduced by chi who, che

cosa what, se if, or an interrogative word like come how, dove where,
perché why, quando when, or quanto how much/many.
• The subjunctive is used in a main clause to express a wish.

The box on page 20 shows the sequence of tenses when the subjunctive is
used in a subordinate clause.
Il congiuntivo imperfeotto · The imperfect subjunctive

The imperfect subjunctive tense is formed by dropping the infinitive ending
(-are, -ere, or -ire) and adding the imperfect subjunctive endings (in bold
type in the paradigms below).
• Verbs in -ire do not insert -isc- between the stem and ending in the
imperfect subjunctive.
• Very few verbs are irregular in the imperfect subjunctive; the most common
of these are the following.
Sequence of Tenses with the Subjunctive
Uses of the Imperfect Subjunctive Tense

• If the verb of the main clause is in the imperfect, preterit, present perfect, or
past perfect indicative tense or in the conditional, the imperfect subjunctive
tense is used in a subordinate clause that requires the subjunctive.
• The imperfect subjunctive tense is used in hypothetical constructions

introduced by se if the main clause is in the conditional mood.
THE COMPOUND TENSES
The compound tenses (i tempi composti) consist of a conjugated auxiliary
verb (either avere or essere) and the past participle of the main verb.
Formation of the Past Participle

The past participle of a regular verb is based on its infinitive and is formed as
follows.
A large number of verbs have irregular past participles, especially second-

conjugation verbs in -ere. For this reason, a verb’s past participle appears as
the last principal part in the banner of its conjugation page.
• Almost all -are verbs have regular past participles. Fare (fatto) and its
compounds are exceptions.
• A large number of -ere verbs have irregular past participles. Following is a
guide to their formation according to their infinitive endings.
Other common -ere verbs with irregular past participles follow.
Some verbs have two past participle forms, as shown for vedere above.
Sometimes these alternative forms are not freely exchangeable; for
example, cuocere to cook has cotto as its more common past participle,
but c(u)ociuto can be used in the sense “irk, vex.”
• Most -ire verbs have regular past participles, but there are some important
exceptions.
The Auxiliary Verb: avere or essere?

Most verbs form their compound tenses with avere. All verbs used
transitively have avere as their auxiliary. Essere is the auxiliary for all
reflexive verbs, all verbs used in the passive, and most verbs used
intransitively or impersonally.
• Essere is the auxiliary for certain intransitive verbs indicating motion (or
lack of motion).
Not all verbs of motion take essere; verbs that signify movement in itself
take avere as their auxiliary, while those that express movement from one
place to another take essere.
• Essere is the auxiliary for some intransitive verbs indicating a process of

change.
• Essere is the auxiliary for many impersonal verbs.
• For certain verbs that can be used both transitively and intransitively, the
auxiliary is avere in transitive constructions and essere in intransitive
constructions. When used transitively, these verbs take a direct object,
whereas intransitive verbs stand by themselves or are followed by a
prepositional phrase or other adverbial construction.
• Some verbs used intransitively can take either avere or essere as their
auxiliary. For some of these verbs, the choice of auxiliary is unrestricted
(for example, appartenere to belong, assomigliare to resemble, girare to
turn, muovere to move, and squillare to ring).
• Weather verbs can take either avere or essere, although avere is

becoming more frequent in colloquial Italian.
• The modal verbs dovere, potere, and volere take the auxiliary that is
required by the infinitive form following the modal verb.
• A few verbs can take either avere or essere as their auxiliary in

intransitive constructions, but with a slight difference in meaning. With
avere the action is viewed as unfolding and ongoing, while with essere
the action is seen as finished and therefore more like a state than an
action. In the first case the action itself or its duration is emphasized,
while in the second case the completed nature of the action is stressed.
Examples of this type of verb are atterrare to land, correre to run,
durare to last, emigrare to emigrate, naufragare to be shipwrecked,
sedere to sit, sussistere to exist, volare to fly, and vivere to live.
• One verb, continuare to continue, takes avere when the subject is a
person, but either avere or essere when the subject is not a person. In
addition, some verbs use one auxiliary with some meanings, and the other
auxiliary with their other meanings. Such individual differences are
explained in a note on the verb’s conjugation page (see, for instance,
mancare to eat, migliorare to improve, peggiorare to worsen, saltare to
jump, and suonare to play).
NOTE A verb that can have both avere and essere as its auxiliary is
conjugated in its conjugation table with the auxiliary that is more frequently
used.
Agreement of the Past Participle

• The past participle used with avere as the auxiliary never agrees with the
subject or with a preceding indirect object pronoun; it always ends in -o.
It optionally agrees in gender and number with the preceding direct object
pronouns mi, ti, ci, and vi, and with the pronoun ne when it refers to a
specific quantity.
It must agree in gender and number with the preceding direct object
pronouns lo, la, li, and le, and with the pronoun ne when it refers to
“some” or “part of” something.
• The past participle used with essere as the auxiliary agrees in gender and
number with the subject of the verb.
If the verb is reflexive and transitive, the past participle can agree with
either the subject or the direct object.
The Compound Tenses

Listed below are the seven compound tenses of Italian. The first four belong
to the indicative mood, although this designation is often omitted when
discussing them.
Il passato prossimo · The present perfect

The present perfect indicative tense is formed by combining the present tense
of the auxiliary verb (avere or essere) with the past participle of the main
verb. The following paradigms show the present perfect forms for both avere
and essere verbs in each conjugation.
When essere is used as the auxiliary, the past participle generally agrees with
the subject in gender and number. (For exceptions, see page 23.) When the
subject is a mixed masculine and feminine group, the past participle ending is
masculine plural.
Uses of the Present Perfect Tense

• The present perfect tense, also called the conversational past tense, is used
to express a past event or action that happened recently (five minutes ago or
this morning) or one that happened a long time ago (a year ago or 50 years
ago) but whose effects have lasted into the present or are still felt now.
Not all English instances of has/have + past participle are translated into
Italian using the present perfect tense. Italian generally uses the simple
present tense for an action begun in the past that continues into the present.
This is especially true when the duration is specified in the sentence.
• The present perfect tense is used to express a completed event or action that
happened once, whereas the imperfect expresses an ongoing, unfinished
action in the past; an action that was repeated or habitual; or a background
action or state (for example, a physical description, a psychological state of
mind, an emotion, age, or weather).
Il trapassato prossimo · The past perfect

The past perfect indicative tense is formed by combining the imperfect tense
verb.
When the auxiliary essere is used, the past participle agrees in gender and
number with the subject.
Uses of the Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense, also called the pluperfect tense, is used to express a
past action or event that happened before a subsequent action or event in the
past; the subsequent action is usually in the imperfect or present perfect tense.
The past perfect tense in Italian corresponds to English had + past participle.
Il trapassato remoto · The preterit perfect

The preterit perfect indicative tense is formed by combining the preterit tense
verb.
Uses of the Preterit Perfect Tense

The preterit perfect tense, also called the past anterior tense, is used in
formal, written Italian, but rarely in speech. It is used to express an action or
event completed in the past before another action or event was also
completed in the past. It is frequently used after the conjunctions quando
when, dopo che after, finché non up until, (non) appena (che) as soon as.
The preterit perfect tense in Italian corresponds to English had + past
participle.
In spoken language, the present perfect or past perfect tense is substituted for
the preterit perfect.
Il futuro anteriore · The future perfect

The future perfect indicative tense is formed by combining the future tense of
the auxiliary verb (avere or essere) with the past participle of the main verb.
Uses of the Future Perfect Tense
• The future perfect tense is used to express a future action that is completed
before another action takes place. This generally corresponds to the English
construction will have + past participle.
• In contrast to the use above, where the future perfect expresses a future
event (finishing work), the tense can also refer to the past. It can express a
conjecture or doubt about what may have happened in the past before
another event occurred.
• The future perfect tense is used in the same way as the future tense after
conjunctions of time.
Il condizionale passato · The perfect conditional

The perfect conditional indicative tense is formed by combining the
conditional tense of the auxiliary verb (avere or essere) with the past
participle of the main verb.
Uses of the Perfect Conditional Tense

• The perfect conditional tense, also called the past conditional tense, is used
to express what would have (or would not have) happened in the past had
something else not occurred. In essence, the perfect conditional expresses
conjectures that are contrary to past facts.
FACT
CONTRARY-TO-FACT
In the factual statement, the present perfect indicative tense is used. In the
contrary-to-fact conjecture, the perfect conditional tense is used after a se-
clause with the past perfect subjunctive.
• The perfect conditional tense is used in reported speech to express a
completed action in the future.
DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
• The perfect conditional tense is used to express a personal opinion about a

past action.
Il congiuntivo passato · The perfect subjunctive

The perfect subjunctive tense is formed by combining the present subjunctive
tense of the auxiliary verb (avere or essere) with the past participle of the
main verb.
Uses of the Perfect Subjunctive Tense
The perfect subjunctive tense, also called the present perfect subjunctive or
past subjunctive tense, is used in much the same way as the present
subjunctive. It follows the same expressions as those listed on 18–19. The
difference between the present and perfect subjunctive tenses lies in the
relation of the two actions or events to one another. The present subjunctive
is used to express an action that is simultaneous with or subsequent to the
action of the main verb. In contrast, the perfect subjunctive is used to express
an action that happened before the action of the main verb.
Compare the following pairs of sentences, the first of which uses the present
subjunctive tense and the second, the perfect subjunctive tense.
Il congiuntivo trapassato · The past perfect subjunctive

The past perfect subjunctive tense is formed by combining the imperfect
subjunctive tense of the auxiliary verb (avere or essere) with the past
participle of the main verb.
Uses of the Past Perfect Subjunctive Tense

• The past perfect subjunctive tense is used in subordinate clauses that require
the subjunctive when the main verb is in a past tense and the action of the
verb of the subordinate clause was completed before that of the main clause.
It corresponds to the English (that) _____ had + past participle. The
imperfect subjunctive is used to express an action simultaneous with or
subsequent to the action of the main verb. In contrast, the past perfect
subjunctive is used to express an action that happened before the action of
the main verb. Compare the following pairs of sentences, the first of which
uses the imperfect subjunctive tense and the second, the past perfect
subjunctive tense.
• The past perfect subjunctive tense is used in the se-clause of a past contrary-
to-fact conditional sentence.
FACT
CONTRARY-TO-FACT
SPECIAL VERB TYPES AND CONSTRUCTIONS
I verbi riflessivi · Reflexive verbs

Many Italian verbs can appear as reflexive verbs. In general, these are verbs
in which the action refers back to the person doing it. In all forms, including
the infinitive, gerund, and participles, reflexive verbs have a reflexive
pronoun that refers back to the subject. Like nonreflexive verbs, they can be
conjugated in any tense. The paradigms of the present tense of alzarsi and
the present perfect tense of lavarsi are given below in sample sentences.
• The auxiliary in compound tenses is always essere, and the past participle
may agree with the subject or (less commonly) with the direct object.
• The reflexive pronoun usually precedes the main verb in simple tenses, and
it precedes the auxiliary in compound tenses (see the examples above). The
reflexive pronoun is attached to the end of the verb in the following forms:
the present infinitive (sedersi), gerund (sedendosi), and past participle
(sedutosi), and to the end of the auxiliary in the past infinitive (essersi
seduto). In the negative tu and voi forms of the imperative, the reflexive
pronoun can either follow or precede the verb.
When a reflexive infinitive follows dovere, potere, or volere, the pronoun

can either precede the modal verb or attach to the infinitive.
When two pronouns are used, the forms me, te, se, ce, ve are required
instead of mi, ti, si, ci, vi. In the example below, ne functions as a
pronoun.
Uses of Reflexive Verbs

Italian makes much greater use of reflexive verbs than English does. In
English, reflexive verbs are identified by a pronoun ending in -self or -selves
following the verb (She cut herself., They dressed themselves.). Most Italian
reflexive verbs correspond to English intransitive verbs, that is, verbs that
have no direct object, or to English verb constructions with get or be.
There are several types of reflexive and so-called reflexive, or pronominal,

verbs in Italian.
• Some Italian reflexive verbs express an action that the subject performs on
him- or herself, even if the English translation does not use a pronoun
ending in -self. The reflexive pronoun functions as a direct object.
• With some reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun is an indirect rather than a
direct object. These verbs can have a direct object in addition to the
reflexive pronoun. Mettersi to put on, togliersi to take off, and lavarsi to
wash (oneself) are examples of such verbs.
The reflexive pronoun eliminates the need for a possessive adjective. This is
often the case for articles of clothing and parts of the body.
Some other common reflexive expressions used in this way are pettinarsi
i capelli to comb one’s hair and radersi la barba to shave one’s beard.
• Some reflexive verbs express a reciprocal action. Since the subject must be
plural, only plural pronouns are used.
• Some reflexive verbs have no obvious reflexive meaning at all.
Many reflexive verbs can also be used nonreflexively. Many of these

verbs are transitive in nonreflexive use, but intransitive when used
reflexively.
• A separate, nonreflexive use of the construction si + verb is the impersonal-

si construction. It may be used when the action itself is emphasized and the
performer of the action is not mentioned. This construction, which
corresponds to the English use of impersonal one/you/we/they/people, uses
the third-person singular form of the verb.
• Another impersonal-si construction is frequently used instead of the passive

voice (see page 32). In the si passivante construction, the performer of the
action is not mentioned, the subject is inanimate and can be singular or
plural, and the verb agrees in number with the subject.
I verbi impersonali · Impersonal verbs

Impersonal verbs express an action or a state without a personal subject; the
English translation often uses “it” for the subject. Impersonal verbs are used
only in the third-person singular in their conjugated forms.
• Weather verbs, such as piovere, are impersonal verbs.
Piovere can also be used personally in the senses pour down/in and arrive
unexpectedly; it may have a definite subject, and for this reason, the third-
person plural forms are given in the conjugation table for piovere.
Other weather-related impersonal verbs follow.
• Some other verbs can be used impersonally. They appear in the third person
only and can be preceded by mi, ti, gli, le, ci, vi, or gli or followed by loro.
These verbs are typically followed by an infinitive construction or che-

clause that may be considered the subject of the impersonal verb.
Most of these verbs can appear in the third-person plural when followed
by a plural noun or noun phrase.
La forma passiva · The passive voice

The passive voice in Italian is formed by combining the appropriate
conjugated form of essere and the past participle of the main verb. Any tense
can be used in the passive voice. The past participle agrees with the subject of
the sentence in gender and number.
Passive constructions often include a prepositional phrase beginning with da

that indicates the performer of the action.
The passive voice may also be formed with venire or andare as the auxiliary
verb, but only in the simple tenses. This passive is sometimes regarded as
more expressive than the passive formed with essere.
Uses of the Passive Voice

The passive voice is used mainly in written Italian. An active sentence (for
example, The girl reads the book.) focuses on the performer of the action (the
subject). A passive sentence shifts the focus from the performer of the action
to the receiver of the action (the direct object), which becomes the
grammatical subject of the passive sentence (for example, The book is read
by the girl.). Thus, a passive construction can only be used with a transitive
verb.
If it is not important to identify the performer of the action, Italian often uses
the si passivante construction, in which the performer of the action is not
mentioned and the object of the active verb becomes the subject of the si verb
(see page 31).
If the performer of the action must be mentioned, spoken Italian prefers to
use the active voice.
COMMANDS
L’imperativo · The imperative

• The verb forms for formal commands (Lei and Loro) are identical to the
present subjunctive forms.
• The informal commands (tu and voi) and the noi exhortation (let’s _____!)
use the forms of the present tense, except that the tu form of -are verbs ends
in -a. The infinitive is used with non in the tu form of negative commands.
• Some verbs have irregular imperative forms; see the conjugations of andare
to go, avere to have, dare to give, dire to say, tell, essere to be, fare to do,
make, and stare to stay, stand.
• Modal verbs (dovere must, volere to want, and potere can) do not have
imperative forms. However, the imperative forms are included in the
conjugation tables of dovere and volere because these verbs have nonmodal
meanings (for example, volere in the set expression Non vogliatemene!
Don’t hold it against me!).
• Some verbs have no imperative because sense precludes it; an example is
piovere to rain.
• Direct, indirect, double-object, and reflexive pronouns, as well as the
particles ci and ne, are attached to the end of tu, noi, and voi command
forms. In contrast, in the formal command forms (Lei and Loro), these
pronouns and particles always precede the verb.
The one exception is the indirect object pronoun loro to them, which
follows the verb and is not attached to it.
With the tu form in the negative imperative, the pronoun can precede the
verb or be attached to it.
Uses of the Imperative

Command forms are used to tell someone to do something or not to do
something. Such commands may be in the form of an order, a request, an
invitation, advice, a warning, or an instruction. Commands may be softened
by using phrases such as per favore, per piacere, and se non ti dispiace.
The infinitive is often used instead of the imperative in instructions, recipes,

public notices, warnings, and so on.
NONFINITE VERB FORMS
L’infinito · The infinitive

The infinitive is the entry word for a verb in Italian dictionaries.
Uses of the Infinitive

• The infinitive is used after modal verbs and after many other verbs, nouns,
and adjectives. It is sometimes linked by a preposition.
• The infinitive is used as the negative imperative form with tu (see page 33).
• The infinitive can function like a noun. It can be a subject or object and can
be preceded by il, lo, or l’.
• The infinitive is the only verb form that can be used after a preposition.
• The infinitive is often used instead of the imperative in instructions, recipes,

public notices, warnings, and so on.
Il gerundio · The gerund

The gerund is formed by dropping the infinitive ending (-are, -ere, or -ire)
and adding -ando for -are verbs and -endo for -ere and -ire verbs. Some
verbs have irregular gerund forms.
The gerund form does not change; it always ends in -o.
Uses of the Gerund

The gerund shares the subject of the main verb and expresses action that is
simultaneous with that of the main verb.
• The gerund is used to form the present and past progressive tenses with
stare, an-dare, and sometimes venire. See 9 and 10 for examples.
• The gerund is used to indicate how the action of the main verb is carried
out; it corresponds to the English after/by/on/when/while/because of
_____ing. This construction replaces clauses that begin with mentre while,
when, poiché since, and similar conjunctions.
To use the gerund in this way, the subject of both clauses must be the same.
In the second example above, if the person seen was boarding the train
herself, the conjunction mentre would be used with the imperfect tense.
Il participio presente · The present participle

The present participle is formed by dropping the infinitive ending (-are, -ere,
or -ire) and adding -ante for -are verbs and -ente for -ere and -ire verbs.
Some verbs have irregular present participle forms.
The plural of the present participle ends in -i.
Uses of the Present Participle

Use of the present participle is fairly restricted in Italian, and it is best to use
only present participles that you have seen in print or heard a native speaker
of Italian say. Not all verbs have present participles, and some verbs and their
present participles have differences in meaning. For these reasons, the present
participle is not given in the verb conjugations in this book.
• The present participle of some verbs is used to replace a relative clause.
• The present participle is commonly used as an adjective.
• The present participle is frequently used as a noun, especially when

referring to a human being; it is preceded by an article.
Il participio passato · The past participle

The past participle is the fourth principal part of an Italian verb. For details of
its formation in regular and irregular verbs, see 20–21.
Uses of the Past Participle

• The past participle is used to form compound tenses (see 20–23).
• The past participle is used to form the passive with essere, andare, and
venire (see page 32).
• The past participle is used in a participial clause to replace an adverbial
clause beginning with quando when or dopo che after; it agrees in gender
and number with the object in its clause.
• The past participle is used as an adjective or in a participial phrase to

replace a relative clause.
• The past participle is used as a noun.

555
FULLY CONJUGATED VERBS
Top 50 Verbs
The following 50 verbs have been selected for their high frequency and their
use in many common idiomatic expressions. For each verb, a full page of
example sentences and phrases providing guidance on correct usage
immediately precedes or follows the conjugation table.
andare to go, travel; work, function; fit, match; sell; be needed 35
aprire to open; turn/switch on; make an opening in; start, begin 46
arrivare to arrive, come (to); succeed (in), manage; happen 52
avere to have, own; obtain; hold; wear; receive 66
bere to drink; swallow; soak up 74
capire to understand, realize, grasp, catch on; admit 86
cercare to look/search for, seek; look up (a word); try/seek (to) 91
chiamare to call (out), name; phone; send for, summon; elect 93
chiedere to ask (for/about), request; beg; require 94
cominciare to begin, start 105
comprare to buy, purchase; bribe 111
conoscere to know, be familiar with; meet; recognize; experience, enjoy 121
credere to believe, think 145
dare to give; produce, yield; perform, put on 153
dire to say, tell, recite, speak; mean 170
dovere to have to, must; be likely (to); be supposed (to); owe 188
entrare to enter, go in; become a member (of); fit 196
essere to be; exist 207
fare to do, make; act (like); perform; be (a profession); be suitable; create;
cook 211
finire to finish, end, complete, be done with; finish off; cease, stop 218
giocare to play; matter, come into play; gamble; deceive, trick 233
guardare to look at/out/up, etc.; peep; stare; guard; take care (of); mind 242
lasciare to leave, abandon; leave behind; set aside; bequeath; let have; allow
291
lavare to wash; clean; cleanse, purify 293
leggere to read 295
mangiare to eat; eat away, corrode; squander 302
mettere to put, place, set; apply; deposit; install; cause; suppose; wager;
lead/flow (into) 305
morire to die; fade, die out, come to an end; vanish; almost die 308
pagare to pay (for), buy; repay 326
parlare to speak, talk; address 331
partire to leave, depart, go away; start, take off 333
pensare to think, believe; realize; imagine, guess; intend/plan (to) 338
perdere to lose; leak; miss; waste 340
piacere to be pleasing (to), be liked by; be pleasant/agreeable; suit 348
portare to carry, bring, take; wear; support; have, bear; yield, produce 354
potere to be able to, can; may; have influence 356
prendere to take, seize, get; earn, win; deal with; assume; take (someone)
for; photograph; take up 361
rispondere to answer; be responsible (for); correspond (with); be followed
by; open (onto); follow suit 425
sapere to know, know how (to), can; be aware (of); learn, hear;
feel/hear/taste/smell (of); think 436
scrivere to write; record; attribute (to) 452
sentire to feel, sense; hear, see, smell, taste 459
spendere to spend; use; waste, throw away 483
stare to stay, be, remain; stand; be situated; live; fit, suit; depend (on); be
about to 496
tenere to hold, keep; hold back, check; hold out, last; hold up, be valid; care
(about) 516
trovare to find, come upon/across; meet (with); think, believe; catch,
discover 531
uscire to leave, come/go out; protrude; lie/go/be beyond; leave behind; be
released; be published 539
vedere to see, look at; meet, visit, consult; go over, check; see to it; find out,
grasp 542
venire to come, arrive; be descended (from); occur (to); contract; be the
result; cost; fall (on) 544
vivere to live, be alive; live/subsist (on); last, endure; live/go through 551
volere to want, wish; expect; need, require; allow, say yes; be going to; look
like 553
Usage
abbandonarsi to drop, sink; let oneself go; give oneself up (to something)
Usage
abbassarsi to lower oneself, stoop; drop, fall; deteriorate
Usage
Usage
abbracciarsi to hug, embrace one another; cling to
Usage
abbronzarsi to get a tan
Usage
Usage
abituarsi to get used to ([doing] something), accustom oneself to ([doing]
something)
Usage
Usage
accelerarsi to speed up, go faster
Usage
accendersi to start, come/go on; get excited
Usage
Usage
accogliersi to gather, assemble, meet
Usage
accomodarsi to sit down, make oneself comfortable; come to an agreement
Usage
accompagnarsi to go well together, match; associate with
Usage
accontentarsi to content oneself with, be happy with
Usage
Usage
Usage
addormentarsi to fall asleep, go to sleep; take slowly
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
affrettarsi to hurry up, be quick
Usage
affrontarsi to confront each other
Usage
aggiungersi to join, be put together, be added
Usage
Usage
aiutarsi to help oneself, help one another; do one’s best
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
allacciarsi to tie, fasten; hook up, connect
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSION
Usage
allenarsi to train, practice
Usage
allontanarsi to go away; grow away
Usage
alzarsi to get up, rise, grow tall(er)
Usage
amarsi to love oneself, love each other
Usage
far(e) ammalare (trans. (aux. avere)) to make sick

ammalare (trans. (aux. avere)) to spoil
Usage
Usage
Usage
Usage
andare = Come sta? o procedere
andare = funzionare
andare a qualcuno = essere gradito
andare a + infinitive
andarsene = andare via

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS
PROVERB
Usage
annegarsi to drown oneself
Usage
annoiarsi to get bored, be bored with
Usage
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applaudirsi to applaud each other
Usage
appoggiarsi to lean against, rely on
Usage
Usage
apprezzarsi to go up in value
Usage
aprirsi to open (up), open one’s heart, confide
TOP 50 VERB
THINGS TO OPEN
EXPRESSIONS WITH aprire

RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
arrabbiarsi to get angry, fly into a rage

RELATED EXPRESSION
Usage
arrangiarsi to get by/along, manage, do the best one can
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
arrestarsi to stop, come to a halt
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
arrivare at a destination
arrivare at a certain point or level

arrivare = venire to come
arrivare = riuscire to succeed in, manage
arrivare = affermarsi nella vita to be successful in life
arrivare = succedere to happen
PROVERB
Usage
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
Usage
aspettarsi to expect; be prepared for
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
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assomigliarsi to be alike, resemble each other
Usage
assumersi to accept; take on/upon oneself, take (credit)
Usage
attendersi to dedicate oneself (to); expect
Usage
atterrarsi to adhere to; bring each other down
Usage
attrarsi to attract each other
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attribuirsi to lay claim to; take (credit)
Usage
Usage
avere + noun (in Italian) to be + adjective (in English)
avere + noun + di
ne avere
avere da + infinitive
avere in impersonal constructions
avere as a noun
PROVERBS
TOP 50 VERB
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
avviarsi to set out (for); be on the point (of), be about (to); start (up)
Usage
avvicinarsi to approach, get near; be close (to), be similar (to)
Usage
baciarsi to kiss each other
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH bere
bersi to drink, drink away, waste

RELATED EXPRESSIONS
PROVERB
Usage
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
Usage
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RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
bruciarsi to burn/scald oneself; burn out
Usage
buttarsi to jump (into), throw oneself (into)

Usage
Usage
calmarsi to calm down, grow calm; abate, subside, diminish
Usage
cambiarsi to change, be transformed; change (clothes)
Usage
Usage
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TOP 50 VERB
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH capire
capirsi to understand each other
capirci
Usage
Usage
cavarsi to satisfy, appease, quench; take off
cavarsela to manage, get by/on; get away with

Usage
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH cercare
cercare di + infinitive
cercare in advertisements
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
PROVERB
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH chiamare

chiamarsi to be called, be named; consider oneself, proclaim oneself
Usage
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH chiedere
chiedere used intransitively
chiedere used transitively

chiedere qualcosa in + noun
Usage
chiedersi to ask oneself, wonder
Usage
chiudersi to shut oneself up, withdraw; close, shut; heal; cloud over
Usage
cingersi to tie around oneself
Usage
circondarsi to surround oneself (with)
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combattersi to fight each other
Usage
combinarsi to be compatible; coincide, fit (in); combine (chemistry)
cominciare used transitively
cominciare used intransitively

cominciare a + infinitive
PROVERB
Usage
Usage
Usage
commuoversi to be moved/touched (by)
Usage
Usage
compiersi to (come to an) end; be satisfied/fulfilled; come true
Usage
comporsi to consist (of), be made up (of); get hold of oneself
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
comprare + direct object
comprare + direct and indirect object
WAYS OF BUYING THINGS

comprare = comperare
comprarsi to buy (for oneself)
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
PROVERB
Usage
comprendersi to understand each other; be clear
Usage
concedersi to allow oneself, treat oneself to; yield (to)
Usage
concludersi to end (up); come to an end
Usage
RELATED WORD
Usage
Usage
condursi to behave
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
confondersi to mix, mingle, merge; blur; become confused; be mistaken
Usage
connettersi to be linked/connected
KNOWING PEOPLE
KNOWING THINGS
KNOWING PLACES
WAYS OF KNOWING
far conoscere to introduce
conoscersi to know oneself/each other; meet
Usage
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RELATED EXPRESSIONS
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conservarsi to keep; be well preserved; remain
Usage
considerarsi to regard oneself as, consider oneself
Usage
consigliarsi to ask/seek advice, consult; confer, take counsel together
Usage
Usage
contarsi to consider oneself
Usage
contenersi to restrain/control oneself; limit oneself; behave
Usage
Usage
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controllarsi to control oneself
Usage
convenirsi to suit, befit
Usage
convertirsi to convert; turn into, become
Usage
convincersi to be convinced; convince oneself
Usage
coprirsi to be covered (in/with); wrap oneself up, dress; cloud over; guard
(sports)
Usage
correggersi to correct oneself; get rid of; mend one’s ways, reform
Usage
Usage
Usage
Usage
Usage
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crearsi to create, make (for oneself); form
Usage
credere a qualcuno (intrans.) to believe someone
credere qualcosa (trans.) to accept something as true
credere che to believe that
TOP 50 VERB
credere (trans.) = pensare to believe or think of as the truth
credere (trans.) = ritenere opportuno to think best
credere (intrans.) to be certain of the existence/truth of
credere (intrans.) to give credence to

credere (intrans.) to have faith/confidence in, trust
credere (intrans.) to think possible/likely
credersi to consider oneself
far credere to convince someone of something

Usage
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
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cuocersi to cook; be upset

Usage
curarsi to care (about), take notice (of); take the trouble; take care of
oneself; undergo treatment
Usage
danneggiarsi to harm oneself; be damaged
dare + direct object
dare + direct object + indirect object
dare su
dare per
dare in
darsi to devote oneself to; take up/to; give way (to); set out (to); pretend;
exchange
dare as impersonal verb
dare + noun = verb
PROVERBS
Usage
Usage
decidersi to make up one’s mind
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
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depositarsi (of dust, etc.) to settle
Usage
deprimersi to get discouraged/depressed; sink, subside
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
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dichiararsi to declare oneself; propose (marriage)
Usage
difendersi to defend oneself (against); manage, get by
Usage
diffondersi to spread (out), waft; become widespread
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
dimenticarsi to forget (about), forget (to)
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
dipingersi to show, be the picture of; use makeup; turn (red, etc.)
dire qualcosa to say something
dire che to say that
dire + interrogative word
dire ciò che/quel che to say what
dire a qualcuno di + infinitive to tell someone to (do something)
far dire to make (someone) say/tell

dirsi to tell oneself/each other; call oneself
PROVERBS
Usage
Usage
dirigersi to make one’s way (to), head (for)
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
disfarsi to come undone; fall to pieces; get rid (of); melt
Usage
distinguersi to distinguish oneself, stand out
Usage
distrarsi to let one’s mind wander; amuse oneself, have fun

Usage
distruggersi to wear oneself out; ruin
Usage
disturbarsi to take the trouble, put oneself out, bother
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
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divertirsi to enjoy oneself, have fun; enjoy, like (to)
Usage
dividersi to split up (into), fork; separate/part (from); divide one’s time
(between)
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
dolersi to complain; be sorry (about)
Usage
domandarsi to wonder
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
dovere as a modal verb expressing obligation
dovere as a modal verb expressing probability
dovere as a modal verb expressing a prediction or an event about to happen
dovere as a modal verb expressing inevitability
dovere (in the conditional) + infinitive should

dovere (in the past conditional) + infinitive should have
dovere to owe (transitive)
dovuto + transitive infinitive (aux. avere)
dovuto + intransitive infinitive (aux. essere)
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
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RELATED EXPRESSION
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RELATED WORDS
entrare to go inside
entrare to go in, fit (in)
entrarci to have to do with
entrare to become a member, join; go into

entrare in to begin (an activity)
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
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esaurirsi to run out, dry up; be sold out, be out of print; wear oneself out
Usage
esibirsi to perform; show off
Usage
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RELATED WORD
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esprimersi to express oneself
essere to exist
essere to be (somewhere), live, reside
essere to cost
essere to indicate date and time
essere di to indicate place of origin or possession

essere da + infinitive
esserci
essere used impersonally
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
estendersi to spread, stretch, reach (out)
Usage
evitarsi to avoid each other
RELATED WORDS
Usage
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
fare to study
fare to play (a sport)
fare to be (a profession)
fare in weather expressions
fare + infinitive
fare + noun
farsi to become; acquire; get, grow; make/get oneself
Usage
ferirsi to hurt/injure oneself
Usage
fermarsi to stop (at/by/in); stay, remain; shut down, quit; pause; restrain
oneself; dwell (on)
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
fidanzarsi to become engaged
RELATED WORDS
Usage
figurarsi to imagine, picture; suppose; just think
Usage
fingersi to pretend to be
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
finire used transitively
finire used intransitively
finire di + infinitive to finish, be done with
finire di + infinitive (used impersonally) to stop
finire con il + infinitive to finish, end up

finire per + infinitive to end up
finire to end (up) in a certain way/place
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
PROVERB
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
fissarsi to stare (at); be obsessed (with); insist (on), set one’s heart (on);
settle
Usage
fondersi to melt; unite, merge; (of a fuse) blow
Usage
frenarsi to restrain/control oneself
Usage
frequentarsi to see each other (regularly)
Usage
Usage
Usage
Usage
Usage
garantirsi to obtain guarantees; insure oneself (against)
Usage
RELATED WORD
Usage
RELATED WORD
Usage
gettarsi to throw oneself into/under; rush; flow
Usage
RELATED WORDS
TOP 50 VERB
giocare to play (a game)
giocare to play (a sport)
giocare to gamble
giocare used transitively
giocare used intransitively
giocarsi to gamble away, risk, lose
Usage
girarsi to turn around/over; toss and turn
Usage
Usage
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godersi to enjoy; have a good time; make the most of
Usage
governarsi to govern oneself; control oneself, behave
Usage
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guadagnarsi to earn; win
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
guardare used transitively
guardare used intransitively
WAYS OF LOOKING AT SOMETHING OR SOMEBODY
guardarsi to look at oneself/each other; look around; beware (of); abstain

(from); protect oneself
COMPOUND NOUNS WITH guarda- (all are invariable)

Usage
Usage
Usage
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identificarsi to identify (oneself) (with)
Usage
RELATED WORDS
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imbarcarsi to embark (on), board; engage in
Usage
imbucarsi to hide; crash (a party)
Usage
immaginarsi to picture (oneself); expect
Usage
RELATED WORDS
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Usage
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impegnarsi to commit oneself, undertake; devote oneself (to); get involved
(in); come to an agreement
Usage
impiegarsi to get a job
Usage
imporsi to assert oneself/one’s authority; stand out, surpass; attract
attention; become popular; be necessary/inevitable
Usage
impostarsi to take up a position
Usage
incassarsi to be enclosed by; be sunken
Usage
incidersi to be engraved in/on; become fixed
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
incontrarsi to meet up (with), run into each other; agree, think alike; play
(sports)
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
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RELATED WORDS
Usage
informarsi to make inquiries; find out; adapt oneself (to), fit in (with)
Usage
Usage
ingrassarsi to put on weight, get fat; get rich, thrive
Usage
Usage
innamorarsi to fall in love (with); be enthusiastic (about)

Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
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Usage
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RELATED WORD
Usage
integrarsi to become integrated/assimilated
Usage
intendersi to agree (on); get along (with); be an expert (on), know a lot
(about)
Usage
Usage
Usage
interrompersi to stop; be cut off/broken/disconnected
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
intrattenersi to stop; linger, stop to talk to; dwell (on)
Usage
introdursi to enter, get (into); slip (into); be introduced; be popular
Usage
Usage
investirsi to assume; identify (oneself) (with); live (one’s part); enter
thoroughly (into)
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
invitarsi to invite oneself; come/go unasked
Usage
iscriversi to enroll, register; become a member (of)
Usage
istruirsi to improve one’s mind; find out/get information (about)
Usage
lamentarsi to complain (about); moan, groan
Usage
RELATED WORD
Usage
lanciarsi to throw oneself (into), embark (on); dash, race

Usage
TOP 50 VERB
lasciare + noun/pronoun
lasciare + infinitive
lasciare che
lasciare di + infinitive to stop
lasciarsi to let oneself be; leave each other; say good-bye; split up
Usage
laurearsi to graduate, get a degree; win a sports title
RELATED WORDS
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH lavare
lavarsi to wash (oneself), wash one’s (hair, hands, etc.); brush one’s (teeth)
COMPOUND NOUNS WITH lava-
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
PROVERBS
Usage
Usage
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH leggere
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
levarsi to rise, get up; take off (airplane); come up; take off (one’s) (clothes)
Usage
licenziarsi to resign, quit; graduate; take one’s leave
Usage
litigarsi to dispute, wrangle over
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
Usage
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH mangiare
mangiarsi to eat up; squander; bite
COMPOUND NOUNS WITH mangia- (all are invariable)
RELATED WORDS
PROVERBS
Usage
mantenersi to stay, remain; last; support oneself, make one’s living
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH mettere
metterci to take (time); devote
mettersi to put oneself; sit down; turn out; put on; take to, get into; begin,
start
PROVERB
Usage
migliorarsi to improve oneself
Usage
misurarsi to try on; control oneself; compete (with)
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH morire
morire da/di/per
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
PROVERBS
Usage
mostrarsi to appear (to be); feign
Usage
muoversi to stir; hurry (up), get going; take action; be moved
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSION
Usage
nascondersi to hide, be hidden
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
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RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
RELATED WORD
Usage
Usage
obbligarsi to undertake, engage; bind oneself, act as guarantor, cosign
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
offendersi to insult each other; take offense (at)
Usage
offrirsi to volunteer; arise, present itself, come up; appear (to/before)
Usage
opporsi to oppose, object (to)
Usage
ordinarsi to draw up, form; get in line
Usage
organizzarsi to get (oneself) organized
Usage
THE AMOUNT TO PAY
WAYS OF PAYING
pagarsi to pay; take a cut, be remunerated; be satisfied
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
paragonarsi to compare oneself (to/with)
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH parlare
parlarsi to speak to each other; be on speaking terms; go steady
Usage
Usage
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
partire da
partire per
TRANSPORTATION
OTHER MEANINGS
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
TOP 50 VERB
pensare as a transitive verb
pensare che + subjunctive to think (that)
pensare a to have in mind; take care of
pensarci (ci replaces a + noun)

pensare di to think about (doing), have an opinion about
pensarne (ne replaces di + noun)
pensarsi to imagine oneself (a certain way), believe oneself (to be)
Usage
RELATED WORDS
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH perdere
perdere as an intransitive verb
perdersi to get lost; vanish, disappear; fade (away), die; lose touch (with
each other); waste one’s time
PROVERBS
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
perdonarsi to forgive oneself/each other
Usage
permettersi to allow oneself; afford; dare; take the liberty (of)
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
persuadersi to convince oneself; become convinced
Usage
Usage
pesarsi to weigh oneself
Usage
pettinarsi to comb one’s hair; fix/do one’s hair
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
TO LIKE SOMEONE/SOMETHING
TO LIKE DOING SOMETHING
MORE MEANINGS AND EXPRESSIONS

RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
piantarsi to plant oneself, dig oneself in; enter; split up
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
Usage
porsi to sit down; set about
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH portare
portarsi to go, move; carry; act, behave

PROVERBS
Usage
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
potere expressing possibility or capability
potere expressing permission
potere expressing eventuality or probability
potere expressing desirability or a wish
potere expressing reproach

potere as a masculine noun
PROVERBS
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH prendere
prendere used intransitively

prendersi to grab hold of (something)/each other; get along
prendersela to take offense, get angry; worry
Usage
prenotarsi to sign up (for), put one’s name down
Usage
preoccuparsi to be worried/anxious (about); make sure (of); take the trouble
(to/of)
Usage
prepararsi to get ready; train, study; be about (to); be about to happen
Usage
presentarsi to turn/show up, appear; introduce oneself; arise, occur; seem
Usage
prestarsi to be helpful (to), put oneself out (for); be ready (to); be suitable
(for); lend itself to
Usage
RELATED WORD
Usage
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
prodursi to play, perform; inflict on oneself; occur
Usage
Usage
prolungarsi to go on, extend, stretch; last; be prolonged
Usage
promettersi to become engaged; devote oneself (to)
Usage
Usage
proporsi to set oneself, intend; put oneself forward (as)
Usage
RELATED WORD
Usage
proteggersi to protect oneself
Usage
provarsi to try, attempt; compete
Usage
provvedersi to provide oneself (with); stock up
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
pulirsi to clean, wash, wipe, brush; clean (oneself) up
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
Usage
raccogliersi to assemble, gather around; be absorbed (in), concentrate (on)
Usage
raccomandarsi to commend oneself (to); implore, beg
Usage
RELATED WORD
Usage
radersi to shave (oneself)
Usage
Usage
rallentarsi to slow down
Usage
Usage
rassegnarsi to resign (oneself) (to), submit (to)
Usage
realizzarsi to come true; be/feel fulfilled; produce (a movie)
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
regalarsi to treat oneself (to), allow oneself
RELATED EXPRESSION
Usage
rendersi to make oneself; become; proceed
Usage
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
restringersi to get narrower; contract, shrink; squeeze together; cut down
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
riattaccarsi to be reattached, adhere again
Usage
Usage
Usage
riconoscersi to recognize oneself/each other; admit
Usage
ricordarsi to remember
Usage
ridersi to laugh (at); not care (about)
Usage
ridursi to be reduced (to); come/go down; shrink, dwindle
Usage
riempirsi to fill (up), stuff oneself (with)
Usage
Usage
riflettersi to be reflected (in); have repercussions; show, shine
Usage
rilassarsi to relax, loosen up; become slack
Usage
NOTE Use of the optional u in the forms below is not considered standard, but
it is becoming more frequent.
Usage
rimuoversi to remove oneself, withdraw
Usage
rincrescersi to regret, be sorry; displease
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
RELATED WORD
Usage
Usage
ripetersi to repeat oneself; happen again
Usage
riposarsi to take a rest; relax; sit down again
Usage
riscuotersi to rouse oneself (from); shake off; jump
Usage
risolversi to make up one’s mind; turn out; clear up
RELATED WORD
Usage
risparmiarsi to take care of oneself; spare oneself, need not
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH rispondere

rispondere used transitively
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
Usage
riunirsi to meet; be reunited; be combined
Usage
RELATED WORD
Usage
rivolgersi to go and speak (to), address; turn (toward); turn/apply (to)
Usage
rodersi to gnaw; be consumed (with)
Usage
rompersi to break
Usage
rubarsi to argue (over); compete (for)
Usage
Usage
Usage
salutarsi to greet; say good-bye to each other
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH sapere
sapere + infinitive
non sapere + che (cosa)/come/dove

RELATED WORDS
Usage
Usage
sbagliarsi to be mistaken; be wrong (about)
Usage
sbrigarsi to hurry (up), get a move on; deal with, manage; get rid of
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
Usage
scatenarsi to break out; let oneself go, go wild, rage
Usage
Usage
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
sciogliersi to come undone; free oneself (from); relax, unwind; melt, thaw
Usage
Usage
Usage
Usage
sconvolgersi to become upset
RELATED WORD
Usage
scoprirsi to expose oneself, come out into the open; take off (one’s hat); give
oneself away; show/prove oneself (to be); drop one’s guard
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH scrivere
scrivere a
scrivere per
scrivere su
scrivere in
scriversi to take notes; correspond, write to each other
RELATED WORDS
Usage
scuotersi to jump, be startled; rouse oneself, awaken; be upset
Usage
scusarsi to apologize (for); excuse oneself; make excuses
Usage
sedersi to sit (down), take a seat
Usage
segnarsi to cross oneself, make the sign of the cross; make a note for oneself
Usage
Usage
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
sentire to perceive someone/something with the senses
sentire to experience physical/psychological sensations
sentire to feel emotions
sentire used intransitively
sentirsi to feel; feel like, feel up to; be in touch

RELATED WORD
Usage
seppellirsi to cut oneself off; bury oneself (in)
Usage
servirsi to serve/help oneself (to); make use of; need; be a customer
Usage
sistemarsi to find accommodations; get/be settled; settle down; find a job;
get married
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSION
Usage
Usage
Usage
sognarsi to dream, think of
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
sorprendersi to catch oneself; be surprised (at/by), wonder (at)
Usage
sorridersi to smile at each other
RELATED WORD
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
sostenersi to hold oneself up, support oneself; keep one’s strength up; stand
up; stand by each other
Usage
sostituirsi to replace
RELATED WORD
Usage
spararsi to shoot oneself
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
spargersi to scatter, disperse; spread
Usage
Usage
spaventarsi to become frightened
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
spazzolarsi to brush one’s ______
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
spegnersi to die/go/burn out; go off, stop, stall; fade away; die
MORE USAGE SENTENCES WITH spendere
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
PROVERB
Usage
Usage
Usage
spiacersi to regret, be sorry (about)
Usage
spiegarsi to understand; mean; make oneself clear; clear things up
Usage
spingersi to push on, advance; venture; go as far as; push each other; throw
oneself into
Usage
spogliarsi to undress; get rid of; give up, deprive oneself of
RELATED WORD
Usage
sposarsi to get married; go well together, match
RELATED WORD
Usage
spostarsi to move about/around/over/up; get around (in a city); travel
Usage
sprecarsi to waste one’s energy; overexert oneself; knock oneself out
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSION
Usage
stabilirsi to settle, establish oneself
Usage
stamparsi to be impressed/imprinted (in/on)
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
stancarsi to get tired, tire oneself out; get fed up (with), be sick (of)
RELATED WORD
stare in a place (referring to people)
stare in a place (referring to things)
stare in a position, condition, or behavior

stare per + infinitive to be about to
stare a + infinitive to keep on
stare + gerund to be ____ing
lasciar stare to let be, leave alone
starci to be in agreement
starsene to be, stay, remain

Usage
Usage
stendersi to lie down; stretch out; stretch/reach (to)
RELATED WORD
Usage
stirarsi to iron; stretch oneself; have (one’s hair) straightened
Usage
storcersi to twist, writhe; bend, become crooked
RELATED EXPRESSION
Usage
stressarsi to stress oneself, be stressed
RELATED WORDS
Usage
stringersi to press oneself (against); squeeze together; hug each other; draw
close (to)
Usage
studiarsi to examine oneself; eye each other, watch each other
Usage
stupirsi to be amazed (at)
RELATED WORD
Usage
succedersi to follow one another, occur in succession
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
Usage
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
svegliarsi to wake up; start (up) again; wise up
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
svolgersi to (un)wind; spread out; happen, come about; be set; be played
Usage
Usage
tagliarsi to cut oneself; shave
Usage
telefonarsi to phone each other
Usage
temersi to fear each other
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
tenere used transitively
tenere used intransitively

tenersi to hold on (to); support oneself (by); stay, keep; follow, stick (to),
abide (by); keep oneself (from)
Usage
Usage
tirarsi to draw/pull/move (back); cheer oneself up
Usage
toccarsi to touch oneself; masturbate
Usage
togliersi to take off (one’s clothing); get out/off; satisfy
Usage
torcersi to writhe, twist; roll about
Usage
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
tradirsi to give oneself away; betray one another

Usage
tradursi to result (in); show/manifest itself (in)
Usage
trarsi to draw, move; get (oneself) out of
Usage
trasferirsi to move (house) (= relocate)
Usage
traslocarsi to move
RELATED WORD
Usage
trasmettersi to be transmitted; be passed on; be spread; be handed down
Usage
trattarsi to treat oneself/each other, live; be a matter/question (of)
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
trovare to judge someone or something
trovare to catch, find
trovarsi to find oneself, (happen to) be; be (situated); get on; meet/see each
other; (can) be found
PROVERBS
Usage
truccarsi to disguise oneself; put makeup on; wear makeup
Usage
Usage
Usage
uccidersi to commit suicide; kill each other; be killed
Usage
RELATED WORDS
Usage
unirsi to unite, join together; blend, go well, harmonize; join up (with)
Usage
RELATED WORD
uscire (of a thing)
uscire in sports
uscirne to get out of a difficult situation
Usage
Usage
valersi to make use (of); take advantage (of); earn
Usage
vantarsi to boast/brag (about); swagger
MORE MEANINGS OF vedere
vedere che
vedere di + infinitive
vedere a + infinitive
vedersi to see oneself; meet, get together; show; be, find that one is
PROVERB
Usage
Usage
vendersi to sell out; prostitute/sell oneself
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
MORE MEANINGS OF venire
venire + adverb
venire used as an auxiliary in passive constructions
venirsene
venire as a masculine noun
PROVERBS
Usage
versarsi to spill (over); pour/flow (into)
Usage
vestirsi to get dressed; wear, dress in; dress up as; buy/get one’s clothes
(at/made by); be covered (with)
Usage
Usage
SIGNS
Usage
vincersi to control oneself
Usage
RELATED EXPRESSIONS
Usage
TOP 50 VERB
MORE MEANINGS OF vivere
vivere used transitively

RELATED EXPRESSIONS
PROVERBS
Usage
volere to want/desire someone or something
volere to request, offer; expect, demand; allow
volere + infinitive
volere + subjunctive
volersi bene to love/like each other
PROVERBS
Usage
Usage
volgersi to turn; go in (for), devote oneself (to), take up; center (on), be
directed (at)
Usage
votarsi to dedicate oneself (to)
Exercises
A Write the correct form of the verb in the present tense (presente) to
complete each of the following sentences.
MODEL Roberta a Milano. (abitare)
1. Io __________________ andare al cinema stasera. (preferire)
2. Voi non __________________ francesi. (essere)
3. Francesco ed io __________________ molto da fare. (avere)
4. Loro __________________ mangiare un gelato. (volere)
5. Come __________________ tu? (chiamarsi)
6. Noi __________________ negli Stati Uniti. (andare)
7. Tu __________________ il conto? (pagare)
8. Lei __________________ da molti anni. (sciare)
B Write the correct form of the present perfect tense (passato prossimo) to
complete each of the sentences in the following paragraph.
MODEL Io (leggere) un bel libro.
Isabella e Franco __________________ (1. alzarsi) alle nove stamattina.
Isabella non __________________ (2. mangiare) niente per la
colazione;
Franco __________________ (3. bere) un caffè. Alle dieci Isabella
__________________ (4. uscire) per andare al panificio. Franco
__________________ (5. rimanere) a casa. Nel pomeriggio Isabella e
Franco
__________________ (6. fare) le spese, __________________ (7.
cenare)
ad un ristorante cinese e __________________ (8. tornare) a casa verso
le undici.
C Rewrite each of the following present-tense forms in the imperfect tense

(imperfetto).
MODEL Luigi deve mangiare. > Luigi mangiare.
1. Oggi fa bel tempo.
Ieri __________________ bel tempo.
2. Noi siamo contenti.
Noi __________________ contenti.
3. Dove dormite (voi)?
Dove __________________ (voi)?
4. Andrea capisce tutto.
Andrea __________________ tutto.
5. Non puoi entrare?
Non __________________ entrare?
6. Loro si mettono la giacca.
Loro si __________________ la giacca.
7. Io mi sento felice.
Io mi __________________ felice.
8. Noi stiamo bene.
Noi __________________ bene.
D Rewrite each of the following preterit-tense (passato remoto) forms in

the present perfect tense (passato prossimo).
MODEL Luigi andò a casa. > Luigi a casa.
1. Con chi parlasti?
Con chi __________________ ?
2. Lei nacque a Napoli.
Lei __________________ a Napoli.
3. Io non dissi niente.
Io non __________________ niente.
4. Loro presero la macchina.
Loro __________________ la macchina.
5. Lui mentì.
Lui __________________ .
6. Dante scrisse la Divina Commedia.
Dante __________________ la Divina Commedia.
7. Molti italiani andarono in America.
Molti italiani __________________ in America.
8. Quando finì la guerra?
Quando __________________ la guerra?
E Write the correct forms of the future tense (futuro semplice) according
to the model.
MODEL Lei mi ama. Domani lei mi
1. Io compro delle mele. Domani io __________________ delle mele.
2. Voi fate il compito? Domani voi __________________ il compito?
3. Non dicono la verità. Domani non __________________ la verità.
4. Tu giochi al calcio? Domani tu __________________ al calcio?
5. Dove andiamo? Domani dove __________________ ?
6. Lui si lava i capelli. Domani lui si __________________ i capelli.
7. La lezione finisce alle dieci. Domani la lezione __________________
alle dieci.
8. Noi vendiamo la macchina. Domani noi __________________ la
macchina.
F Write the correct form of the present conditional tense (condizionale

presente) to complete each of the following sentences.
MODEL Quanto quella casa? (costare)
1. Io non __________________ la carne. (mangiare)
2. Mi __________________ andare al mare. (piacere)
3. (Voi) __________________ uscire stasera? (volere)
4. Come (tu) __________________ per un matrimonio? (vestirsi)
5. Loro __________________ parlare con voi. (preferire)
6. Lei __________________ molti soldi. (avere)
7. Noi __________________ due lingue straniere. (studiare)
8. Voi ci __________________ molto. (mancare)
G Write the correct form of the present subjunctive tense (congiuntivo

presente) to complete each of the following sentences.
MODEL Voglio che tu mi (credere)
1. Sono contenta che voi __________________ con noi. (venire)
2. È possibile che domani __________________ caldo. (fare)
3. Penso che lei __________________ Anna. (chiamarsi)
4. Dubitiamo che loro __________________ ragione. (avere)
5. Non credono che io __________________ italiano. (parlare)
6. Preferisce che noi __________________ subito. (partire)
7. È bene che tu __________________ onesto. (essere)
8. Vuole che io __________________ con lui. (uscire)
H Rewrite each of the following present subjunctive (congiuntivo presente)

forms in the past subjunctive (congiuntivo passato).
MODEL Penso che mangino. > Penso che
1. Credo che leggano un romanzo.
Credo che __________________ un romanzo.
2. Siamo tristi che lui non telefoni.
Siamo tristi che lui non __________________ .
3. Ho paura che lei esca senza di me.
Ho paura che lei __________________ senza di me.
4. Pensiamo che lui si sbagli.
Pensiamo che lui si __________________ .
5. Mi dispiace che non ti diano niente.
Mi dispiace che non ti __________________ niente.
6. Loro pensano che io non voglia mangiare.
Loro pensano che io non __________________ mangiare.
7. È l’unica persona che mi aiuti.
È l’unica persona che mi __________________ .
8. È bene che voi possiate studiare.
È bene che voi __________________ studiare.
I Write the correct form of the verb in the imperative (imperativo) to

complete each of the following sentences.
MODEL Franca, con me! (venire)
1. Carolina, __________________ le carote! (mangiare)
2. Signora, __________________ attenta! (stare)
3. Ragazzi, __________________ pazienza! (avere)
4. Giovanni, __________________ il libro! (aprire)
5. Marcella e Chiara, non __________________ il pane! (dimenticare)
6. Mamma, __________________! (guardare)
7. Signori, __________________! (accomodarsi)
8. Dottore, mi __________________! (aiutare)
Answers to Exercises
A
1. preferisco 2. siete 3. abbiamo 4. vogliono 5. ti chiami 6. andiamo 7. paghi
8. scia
B
1. si sono alzati 2. ha mangiato 3. ha bevuto 4. è uscita 5. è rimasto 6. hanno
fatto 7. hanno cenato 8. sono tornati
C
1. faceva 2. eravamo 3. dormivate 4. capiva 5. potevi 6. mettevano 7. sentivo
8. stavamo
D
1. hai parlato 2. è nata 3. ho detto 4. hanno preso 5. ha mentito 6. ha scritto 7.
sono andati 8. è finita
E
1. comprerò 2. farete 3. diranno 4. giocherai 5. andremo 6. laverà 7. finirà 8.
venderemo
F
1. mangerei 2. piacerebbe 3. vorreste 4. ti vestiresti 5. preferirebbero 6.
avrebbe 7. studieremmo 8. manchereste
G
1. veniate 2. faccia 3. si chiami 4. abbiano 5. parli 6. partiamo 7. sia 8. esca
H
1. abbiano letto 2. abbia telefonato 3. sia uscita 4. sia sbagliato 5. abbiano
dato 6. abbia voluto 7. abbia aiutato 8. abbiate potuto
I
1. mangia 2. stia 3. abbiate 4. apri 5. dimenticate 6. guarda 7. si accomodino
8. aiuti
English-Italian Verb Index
Please note that index links point to page beginnings from the print edition.
Locations are approximate in e-readers, and you may need to page down one
or more times after clicking a link to get to the indexed material .
Use this index to look up the corresponding Italian verb conjugation chart by
the English meaning. Some English verbs have more than one Italian
equivalent; the semantic range of the meanings in a verb’s conjugation
banner, as well as the accompanying Usage sentences, will help you
determine if you have located the appropriate Italian verb. Because this index
references only the 555 verbs conjugated in this book, it is not to be used as a
general dictionary of verbs.
A
abandon abbandonare 1,
deporre 156,
lasciare 291,
piantare 350
abate diminuire 167
abide by mantenere 303
able (to), be potere 356,
riuscire 428
able to stand, not be temere 515
abolish togliere 520
about, be trattare 530
about to, be stare 496
abridge ridurre 409
absorb digerire 164
accelerate accelerare 9
accept accettare 11
accommodate accogliere 12
accompany accompagnare 14
accomplish realizzare 393
accustom abituare 7
ache dolere 184
achieve concludere 114,
conseguire 123,
ottenere 325,
raggiungere 389,
realizzare 393
acknowledge riconoscere 406
acquire acquistare 17
act agire 23,
recitare 394
act (in) interpretare 276
act (like) fare 211
action, take agire 23
adapt ridurre 409
add aggiungere 22
add a sauce to condire 115
address parlare 331
adjourn sospendere 472
adjust arrangiare 49
admire ammirare 33
admit accettare 11,
ammettere 32,
capire 86,
concedere 113,
ricevere 404,
riconoscere 406
adopt abbracciare 4
advance muovere 310,
promuovere 375
advise consigliare 127,
raccomandare 386
affect colpire 102,
commuovere 107,
incidere 259
afraid (of), be temere 515
after, be tirare 518
agree coincidere 99,
combinare 104,
consentire 124
agree (on) convenire 134
agree to accettare 11,
accogliere 12
agree (with) corrispondere 140
agreeable, be piacere 348
aim dirigere 171,
puntare 384
alert svegliare 509
alienate allontanare 28
alive, be vivere 551
allow concedere 113,
consentire 124,
lasciare 291,
permettere 342,
volere 553
allow in ammettere 32
alter arrangiare 49,
cambiare 83
amaze sorprendere 470,
stupire 503
amuse distrarre 176,
divertire 181,
intrattenere 280
analyze analizzare 34
anesthetize addormentare 18
angry, make arrabbiare 48
announce annunciare 38,
dichiarare 161,
partecipare 332
annoy annoiare 37,
stancare 495
answer rispondere 425
answerable (to), be dipendere 168
anticipate prevenire 370
appeal (to) attrarre 62,
sorridere 471
appear apparire 40,
buttare 80,
comparire 108,
emergere 194,
figurare 216,
parere 330,
sembrare 458,
uscire 539
applaud applaudire 42
apply mettere 305,
valere 540
apply for richiedere 405
apply makeup truccare 532
appoint creare 144,
dichiarare 161,
eleggere 192
appraise apprezzare 45
appreciate apprezzare 45
approach avvicinare 70
approve (of) accogliere 12,
applaudire 42,
passare 334
argue discutere 172,
litigare 298
arise capitare 87,
insorgere 273,
nascere 311
arouse accendere 10
arrange accomodare 13,
arrangiare 49,
combinare 104,
comporre 110,
concludere 114,
ordinare 323,
sistemare 462
arrest arrestare 51,
prelevare 360
arrive arrivare 52,
capitare 87,
raggiungere 389,
venire 544
arrive (at) giungere 236,
pervenire 345
arrive unexpectedly piovere 351
ascend salire 433
ascribe attribuire 64
ask invitare 285
ask about chiedere 94
ask (for) chiedere 94,
domandare 185
ask for again/back richiedere 405
asleep, be dormire 187
assemble commettere 106,
riunire 427
assign attribuire 64
assist aiutare 24,
assistere 57
associate with frequentare 224,
praticare 358
assume ammettere 32,
assumere 59,
prendere 361,
presupporre 367,
supporre 508
assure garantire 229
astonish stupire 503
astray, go fallire 210
atone for soddisfare 464
attach includere 260
attack investire 283
attain raggiungere 389
attempt tentare 517
attend (to) ascoltare 54,
assistere 57,
attendere 60,
frequentare 224,
partecipare 332,
sbrigare 438,
seguire 457
attention (to), pay ascoltare 54
attract attrarre 62
attribute (to) attribuire 64,
scrivere 452
avoid evitare 209,
fuggire 226
awaken svegliare 509
award attribuire 64
aware (of), be accorgersi 16,
sapere 436
B
balance pareggiare 329
ban proscrivere 377,
vietare 548
banish proscrivere 377
bankrupt, go fallire 210
bare scoprire 451
bargain trattare 530
battle lottare 299
be essere 207,
figurare 216,
stare 496
be (a profession) fare 211
be (age) compiere 109
be (in existence) esistere 202
bear portare 354,
produrre 371,
soffrire 465,
sopportare 467,
sostenere 473
beat vincere 549
become divenire 179,
diventare 180,
donare 186,
restare 399,
volgere 554
become again tornare 522
becoming (on), be vestire 546
befall accadere 8,
capitare 87,
succedere 504,
toccare 519
beg chiedere 94
begin aprire 46,
cominciare 105,
iniziare 267
begin again riassumere 403,
tornare 522
behave agire 23
believe credere 145,
pensare 338,
trovare 531
belong (to) appartenere 41
bend (toward) torcere 521,
volgere 554
benefit (from) godere 238
bequeath lasciare 291,
trasmettere 529
bestow concedere 113
bet puntare 384,
scommettere 447
betray tradire 524
better, get acquistare 17,
migliorare 306
better, look guadagnare 241
better (for), be convenire 134
better of, get the vincere 549
beyond, be uscire 539
bind impegnare 254
blare squillare 492
blend fondere 222
blink lampeggiare 289
blow up esplodere 205
blur confondere 119
blush arrossire 53
board imbarcare 248
board, take on imbarcare 248
boast (about) vantare 541
boil, come to a bollire 76
boo fischiare 220
book fissare 221,
impegnare 254,
prenotare 362
boom tuonare 533
bore annoiare 37,
stancare 495
born, be nascere 311
bother annoiare 37,
disturbare 178,
preoccupare 363,
toccare 519
box incassare 258
brag (about) vantare 541
brake frenare 223
break rompere 431
break down crollare 147,
risolvere 423
break off interrompere 278,
rompere 431
break up sciogliere 446
breathe respirare 398
bribe comprare 111
brief, be stringere 501
bring portare 354
bring closer (to) avvicinare 70
bring (in) introdurre 281
bring near (to) avvicinare 70
bring up crescere 146,
introdurre 281
broadcast diffondere 163,
trasmettere 529
bronze abbronzare 5
brush spazzolare 480
bud gettare 232
build alzare 29,
costruire 143,
impostare 257
burden, be a pesare 346
buried, be riposare 421
burn ardere 47,
bruciare 79,
cuocere 150
burst (into) invadere 282,
rompere 431
burst (out) esplodere 205
bury seppellire 460
business, do a good lavorare 294
busy, keep impegnare 254
button allacciare 25
buy acquistare 17,
comprare 111,
pagare 326
C
call again ripassare 419
call for gridare 240,
richiedere 405
call (on) visitare 550
call (out) chiamare 93
call up chiamare 93
calm (down) calmare 82
can potere 356,
sapere 436
cancel risolvere 423,
sciogliere 446
cannot help scappare 440
capable, be valere 540
capture fermare 213
care (about) tenere 516
care for deeply amare 30
carry imbarcare 248,
portare 354
carry on continuare 131
carry out compiere 109,
realizzare 393,
svolgere 511
carry weight pesare 346
carve incidere 259,
tagliare 513
cash incassare 258,
riscuotere 422
cast fondere 222
cast away gettare 232
catch cogliere 98,
guadagnare 241,
sorprendere 470,
trovare 531,
venire 544
catch on capire 86
catch up (with) raggiungere 389
cause mettere 305,
produrre 371
caused (by), be dipendere 168
cave in crollare 147
cease finire 218
celebrate celebrare 89,
festeggiare 214
certify dichiarare 161
change cambiare 83,
spostare 490
change (into) convertire 135,
diventare 180
characterize distinguere 175
charm innamorare 268
charter noleggiare 314
chase inseguire 271
chat chiacchierare 92
cheap, sell regalare 396
cheat truccare 532
cheat on tradire 524
check controllare 133,
ripassare 419,
tenere 516,
vedere 542,
visitare 550
chime suonare 506
chirp cantare 85
choose decidere 154,
eleggere 192,
scegliere 442
circulate correre 139,
diffondere 163,
girare 234,
pubblicare 381
claim pretendere 368,
vantare 541
clap applaudire 42
clean lavare 293,
pulire 382
cleanse lavare 293
clear pulire 382
clear (away/the table) sparecchiare 476
climb salire 433
close (down) chiudere 95
close up stringere 501
clothe vestire 546
coach allenare 27,
preparare 364
coin stampare 494
coincide coincidere 99,
corrispondere 140
collaborate collaborare 101
collapse cadere 81,
crollare 147
collect assumere 59,
esigere 201,
prelevare 360,
raccogliere 385,
riscuotere 422,
riunire 427
collide with investire 283
comb pettinare 347
combine abbinare 3,
combinare 104,
sposare 489,
unire 537
come capitare 87,
venire 544
come across trovare 531
come after seguire 457,
succedere 504
come back ripassare 419,
ritornare 426,
tornare 522
come back in rientrare 411
come down cadere 81,
scendere 443
come into play giocare 233
come out cadere 81,
comparire 108,
emergere 194,
uscire 539
come over girare 234,
venire 544
come (to) arrivare 52,
pervenire 345,
venire 544
come up to avvicinare 70
come up insorgere 273
come upon trovare 531
come with accompagnare 14
commemorate ricordare 407
commission commettere 106
commit commettere 106
compare (to/with) assomigliare 58,
paragonare 327
compel costringere 142
compete (in) correre 139
compile redigere 395
complain of piangere 349
complete compiere 109,
finire 218,
integrare 274
comply (with) consentire 124,
soddisfare 464,
ubbidire 534
compose comporre 110
composed (of), be consistere 128
comprise includere 260
conceal coprire 137,
nascondere 312,
tacere 512
concede concedere 113
concern toccare 519
conclude concludere 114
conduct condurre 117,
dirigere 171
confer a degree/sports title on laureare 292
confide (in) versare 545
confidence (in), put one’s sperare 484
confront affrontare 21
confuse confondere 119
connect (with) allacciare 25,
connettere 120,
unire 537
conquer vincere 549
consider considerare 126,
esaminare 198,
giudicare 235
consist (of) comprendere 112,
consistere 128
construct costruire 143
consult interrogare 277,
vedere 542
consume esaurire 199
contain contenere 130,
misurare 307
contaminate inquinare 269
contend (with) combattere 103
continue continuare 131,
seguire 457
contract stringere 501,
venire 544
contribute (to) collaborare 101,
contribuire 132,
partecipare 332
control controllare 133
conversation, engage in intrattenere 280
convert convertire 135,
ridurre 409
convey tradurre 525,
trasferire 527
convince convincere 136,
persuadere 344
convincing, be concludere 114
cook cucinare 148,
cuocere 150,
fare 211
cool, let digerire 164
cooperate collaborare 101,
contribuire 132
correct correggere 138
correct, be tornare 522
correspond (with) coincidere 99,
corrispondere 140,
rispondere 425
corrode mangiare 302
corrupt inquinare 269
cost costare 141,
venire 544
cough tossire 523
count contare 129,
pesare 346,
valere 540
cover coprire 137,
seppellire 460,
superare 507
crash into investire 283
crave desiderare 160
create creare 144,
fare 211
credit (to), give attribuire 64
criticize pettinare 347
cross attraversare 63,
superare 507
cross again ripassare 419
crow cantare 85
cry piangere 349
cultivate lavorare 294
curb contenere 130
cure curare 151,
guarire 243
cured, be guarire 243
curtail ridurre 409
cut tagliare 513
cut into incidere 259,
segnare 456
cut off tagliare 513
D
damage danneggiare 152,
nuocere 316
dance ballare 72
deal (with) accomodare 13,
affrontare 21,
prendere 361,
sbrigare 438,
trattare 530
debate discutere 172
deceive giocare 233
decide decidere 154,
risolvere 423,
stabilire 493
declare dichiarare 161
decline scadere 439
decrease diminuire 167,
scendere 443
dedicate offrire 321
dedicate to votare 555
deem giudicare 235
defeat disfare 174,
sconfiggere 449,
vincere 549
defend difendere 162
defer sospendere 472
degree on, confer a laureare 292
delighted (at/with), be godere 238
deliver consegnare 122
demand esigere 201,
pretendere 368
demonstrate mostrare 309,
provare 379
depart partire 333
depend (on) dipendere 168,
stare 496
depict dipingere 169,
figurare 216,
rappresentare 391
deploy spiegare 486
deposit deporre 156,
depositare 157,
mettere 305,
versare 545
depress deprimere 158
deprive spogliare 488
derive trarre 526
descend scendere 443
descended (from), be venire 544
describe descrivere 159,
disegnare 173
desert piantare 350
designate dichiarare 161,
disegnare 173
desire desiderare 160
destroy atterrare 61,
disfare 174,
distruggere 177
detain fermare 213
devastate sconvolgere 450
develop svolgere 511
devise studiare 502
dial comporre 110
die mancare 300,
morire 308
die down diminuire 167
die out morire 308
differentiate distinguere 175
diffuse diffondere 163,
spargere 477
digest digerire 164
dim abbassare 2
diminish deprimere 158,
dimagrire 165,
diminuire 167
dine cenare 90,
pranzare 357
dinner, have cenare 90
direct avviare 69,
dirigere 171,
rivolgere 429,
volgere 554
disappear scomparire 448,
sparire 478
discharge buttare 80,
espellere 204,
spegnere 482
disconnect interrompere 278
discover scoprire 451,
trovare 531
discuss discutere 172,
svolgere 511,
trattare 530
dislike rincrescere 416
dismiss allontanare 28,
licenziare 297,
rimuovere 415
dispatch inviare 284
displace spostare 490
display esibire 200,
mostrare 309,
presentare 365
displease rincrescere 416,
spiacere 485
dissolve sciogliere 446
distinguish distinguere 175,
dividere 182
distort storcere 499,
tradire 524
distract distrarre 176
distribute consegnare 122
distrust dubitare 189
disturb disturbare 178,
sconvolgere 450
divert distrarre 176
divest (of) spogliare 488
divide dividere 182
divorced, get divorziare 183
do fare 211,
lavorare 294
do without rinunciare 418
dodge evitare 209
dominate possedere 355
donate donare 186
done with, be finire 218
dormant, lie dormire 187
doubt dubitare 189
draft redigere 395,
stendere 497
drag tirare 518
draw disegnare 173,
pareggiare 329,
riscuotere 422,
trarre 526
draw out cavare 88
dread temere 515
dream (of/about) sognare 466
dress vestire 546
drink bere 74
drink a toast brindare 78
drip piangere 349
drive condurre 117,
guidare 244,
spingere 487
drive away allontanare 28
drive (into) piantare 350
drop abbandonare 1,
abbassare 2,
scendere 443
drown annegare 36
drown (out) coprire 137
drowned, be annegare 36
due, become scadere 439
dwell (on) insistere 272
E
earn guadagnare 241,
prendere 361,
riscuotere 422
eat (away) mangiare 302
economize economizzare 191,
risparmiare 424
edit curare 151,
dirigere 171,
redigere 395
educate istruire 287
effect, be in valere 540
effect, take agire 23
efficient, be rendere 397
elect chiamare 93,
eleggere 192
eliminate rimuovere 415
elope fuggire 226
embrace abbracciare 4
emerge emergere 194,
uscire 539
emigrate emigrare 195
employ impiegare 255
empty versare 545
enable permettere 342
enchant innamorare 268
encircle cingere 96
enclose abbracciare 4,
allegare 26,
chiudere 95,
circondare 97,
includere 260
encounter incontrare 261
encourage promuovere 375
end finire 218
end, come to an morire 308
endure durare 190,
soffrire 465,
sopportare 467,
sostenere 473,
vivere 551
engage impegnare 254
engage in praticare 358
engage in conversation intrattenere 280
engrave incidere 259
engulf inghiottire 265
enjoy conoscere 121,
godere 238,
gustare 245
enlarge aumentare 65,
estendere 208
enough, be bastare 73
enroll iscrivere 286
ensue seguire 457
entail imporre 256
enter entrare 196,
iscrivere 286
enter into stringere 501
entertain distrarre 176,
divertire 181,
intrattenere 280
entice tentare 517
entrust (to) investire 283,
raccomandare 386
enumerate elencare 193
equal pareggiare 329,
valere 540
erect alzare 29
erode rodere 430
err sbagliare 437
escape scappare 440
escort accompagnare 14
espouse sposare 489
establish fissare 221,
stabilire 493
estimate misurare 307
evade evitare 209
evaluate apprezzare 45
exaggerate esagerare 197
exalt celebrare 89
examine considerare 126,
esaminare 198,
interrogare 277,
studiare 502,
visitare 550
exceed sorpassare 469,
superare 507
excite accendere 10,
svegliare 509
excuse perdonare 341,
scusare 454
exercise allenare 27
exhaust esaurire 199,
uccidere 535
exhibit esibire 200
exile proscrivere 377
exist esistere 202,
essere 207
exit uscire 539
expand crescere 146,
estendere 208,
generalizzare 230
expect aspettare 55,
pretendere 368,
sperare 484,
volere 553
expel allontanare 28,
espellere 204
expensive, be costare 141
experience conoscere 121,
provare 379
expire scadere 439
explain interpretare 276,
spiegare 486
explode brillare 77,
esplodere 205,
saltare 434
expose scoprire 451
express esprimere 206,
tradurre 525
extend estendere 208,
generalizzare 230,
prolungare 373,
stendere 497
extinguish spegnere 482
extol celebrare 89
extract cavare 88,
tirare 518
F
face (up to) affrontare 21
facilitate aiutare 24
fade (away) morire 308,
sparire 478
fail abbandonare 1,
fallire 210,
mancare 300
faint svenire 510
fake mentire 304
fall (down) cadere 81,
crollare 147
fall in love, cause to innamorare 268
fall (on) coincidere 99,
venire 544
falsify truccare 532
falter esitare 203
familiar with, be conoscere 121
fasten (in/on/to) allacciare 25,
fermare 213,
fissare 221
faster, go accelerare 9
fatigue stancare 495
fatten (up) ingrassare 266
fear temere 515
feel avvertire 68,
provare 379,
sentire 459
feel like parere 330
feel (of) sapere 436
feign fingere 217
fence (in) circondare 97
ferment bollire 76
fertile, be produrre 371
fidget ballare 72
fight (against) combattere 103,
lottare 299
figure figurare 216
file presentare 365
fill out riempire 410
fill (up) coprire 137,
riempire 410
find trovare 531
find a job for sistemare 462
find out apprendere 44,
scoprire 451,
vedere 542
finish compiere 109,
concludere 114,
finire 218
finish off finire 218,
lavorare 294
fire esplodere 205,
licenziare 297,
sparare 475,
tirare 518
fit andare 35,
combinare 104,
commettere 106,
entrare 196,
stare 496,
vestire 546
fix (in/on/to) accomodare 13,
fissare 221,
porre 353,
stabilire 493,
truccare 532
“fix” (someone) arrangiare 49
flash lampeggiare 289
flavor condire 115,
correggere 138
flee fuggire 226
fling buttare 80,
lanciare 290,
tirare 518
float nuotare 317
flood invadere 282
flop cadere 81
flow (into) mettere 305
flush arrossire 53
fly volare 552
fly past fuggire 226
focus puntare 384
follow seguire 457,
succedere 504
follow suit rispondere 425
followed by, be rispondere 425
follows (that), it conseguire 123
fond of, be amare 30
forbid proibire 372,
vietare 548
force costringere 142,
obbligare 318
forego rinunciare 418
foretell annunciare 38
forget dimenticare 166,
seppellire 460
forgive perdonare 341,
scusare 454
form allacciare 25,
comporre 110,
costruire 143,
creare 144,
informare 264
form part (of) rientrare 411
formulate impostare 257
forsake abbandonare 1
forward trasmettere 529
foster promuovere 375,
proteggere 378
frequent frequentare 224,
praticare 358
frighten spaventare 479
fry friggere 225
fulfill compiere 109,
corrispondere 140,
realizzare 393,
soddisfare 464
fume friggere 225
fun (of), make ridere 408,
scherzare 444
function agire 23,
andare 35,
camminare 84,
funzionare 228,
lavorare 294
furnish arredare 50
fuse fondere 222
G
gain acquistare 17,
guadagnare 241,
ottenere 325
gain weight ingrassare 266
gamble giocare 233
gap aprire 46
gape aprire 46
gather cogliere 98,
convenire 134,
raccogliere 385,
riunire 427
gauge misurare 307
gaze at fissare 221
generalize generalizzare 230
get cavare 88,
ottenere 325,
prendere 361,
ricevere 404,
volgere 554
get ahead riuscire 428
get back (home) rientrare 411
get done concludere 114
get into salire 433
get off/out of scendere 443
get on salire 433
get on ________’s nerves stressare 500
get rid of rimuovere 415
get through sbrigare 438
get to know avvicinare 70
get under way impostare 257
gird cingere 96
give consegnare 122,
dare 153,
donare 186,
passare 334,
porgere 352,
praticare 358
give away regalare 396
give back rendere 397,
restituire 400
give rise to produrre 371
give up rinunciare 418,
smettere 463
glitter brillare 77
gnaw (at) rodere 430
go andare 35,
correre 139
go across attraversare 63
go and see visitare 550
go around girare 234
go astray fallire 210
go away partire 333
go back ritornare 426,
tornare 522
go back in rientrare 411
go by passare 334
go by very quickly volare 552
go down diminuire 167,
scadere 439,
scendere 443
go in entrare 196
go off suonare 506
go on continuare 131,
durare 190
go out uscire 539
go out again riuscire 428
go over vedere 542
go over again ripassare 419
go separate ways divorziare 183
go through attraversare 63,
passare 334,
vivere 551
go to frequentare 224
go too far esagerare 197,
sorpassare 469,
uscire 539
go up salire 433
go with accompagnare 14,
seguire 457
good (at), be riuscire 428
good business, do a lavorare 294
good (for), be contribuire 132
good-bye to, say salutare 435
gossip chiacchierare 92
govern governare 239
grade correggere 138
graduate licenziare 297
grant accontentare 15,
ascoltare 54,
concedere 113
grasp capire 86,
cogliere 98,
vedere 542
gratify soddisfare 464
graze radere 388
greet salutare 435
grieve piangere 349
grip stringere 501
grow (into) diventare 180
grow (up) crescere 146
guarantee garantire 229
guard guardare 242,
proteggere 378
guess immaginare 250,
indovinare 263,
pensare 338,
supporre 508
guide guidare 244
gulp (down) inghiottire 265
gush gettare 232
H
halt arrestare 51,
fermare 213
hand passare 334,
porgere 352
hand in consegnare 122,
rassegnare 392
hand over consegnare 122
handle condurre 117,
trattare 530
hang (down) scendere 443
hang out stendere 497
hang (up) riassumere 403,
sospendere 472
happen accadere 8,
arrivare 52,
avvenire 67,
capitare 87,
occorrere 319,
succedere 504
happy, make accontentare 15
harm danneggiare 152,
nuocere 316
harvest raccogliere 385
have avere 66,
portare 354,
possedere 355
have only to bastare 73
have to dovere 188,
scappare 440
head (for) puntare 384
heal guarire 243
hear (of) apprendere 44,
intendere 275,
sapere 436,
sentire 459,
udire 536
heavy, be pesare 346
heed ascoltare 54
hello to, say salutare 435
help (in) aiutare 24,
assistere 57,
contribuire 132,
seguire 457
hesitate esitare 203
hide coprire 137,
nascondere 312,
seppellire 460
hinder impedire 253
hint suggerire 505
hire assumere 59
hiss fischiare 220
hit cogliere 98,
colpire 102,
investire 283
hoist alzare 29
hold accogliere 12,
avere 66,
celebrare 89,
contenere 130,
tenere 516
hold back contenere 130,
tenere 516
hold out porgere 352,
tenere 516
hold tight stringere 501
hold (up) frenare 223,
portare 354
hold up (as) proporre 376,
sostenere 473,
tenere 516
hop saltare 434
hope (for) sperare 484
hope of, give promettere 374
hot, be bruciare 79,
cuocere 150
hot, feel bollire 76
howl urlare 538
hug abbracciare 4
hurry affrettare 20,
correre 139
hurt dolere 184,
ferire 212
I
identify identificare 246,
riconoscere 406
ignite accendere 10
illustrate illustrare 247
imagine fingere 217,
immaginare 250,
pensare 338
immigrate immigrare 251
implicate coinvolgere 100,
imbarcare 248
impose (on) imporre 256
impression on, make an colpire 102
imprint stampare 494
improve migliorare 306
improvise arrangiare 49
incite spingere 487
include abbracciare 4,
comprendere 112,
contare 129,
includere 260
included (in), be rientrare 411
increase aumentare 65,
crescere 146,
salire 433
indicate segnare 456
induce invitare 285
infer concludere 114
inflict imporre 256
influence incidere 259
influence, have potere 356
inform avvertire 68,
informare 264,
istruire 287
inhabit abitare 6
inhale respirare 398
initiate iniziare 267
injure ferire 212,
nuocere 316
inquire (about) domandare 185
insert introdurre 281
insignificant, be scomparire 448
insist (on) insistere 272
inspect controllare 133,
visitare 550
install mettere 305,
sistemare 462
instruct istruire 287
insult offendere 320
integrate integrare 274
intend (to) contare 129,
intendere 275,
pensare 338
interest attrarre 62
interpret interpretare 276
interrupt arrestare 51,
fermare 213,
interrompere 278,
rompere 431,
sospendere 472
interview esaminare 198,
intervistare 279
introduce (to) iniziare 267,
introdurre 281,
presentare 365
invade invadere 282
invest investire 283
invite invitare 285
involve coinvolgere 100,
imbarcare 248,
imporre 256
irk cuocere 150
iron stirare 498
issue pubblicare 381
J
jest scherzare 444
join (together) commettere 106,
connettere 120,
giungere 236,
riunire 427,
unire 537
joke ridere 408,
scherzare 444
journey viaggiare 547
judge giudicare 235,
misurare 307
jumble confondere 119
jump (over) saltare 434
K
keep conservare 125,
mantenere 303,
tenere 516
keep, not tradire 524
keep (on) durare 190
keep to oneself tacere 512
keep up with seguire 457
kill uccidere 535
kiss baciare 71
knock down atterrare 61,
stendere 497
knock (into) piantare 350
know conoscere 121,
sapere 436
know, get to avvicinare 70
know how (to) sapere 436
L
labor lavorare 294
lace allacciare 25
lacking, be mancare 300
lament lamentare 288,
piangere 349
land atterrare 61,
scendere 443
last bastare 73,
durare 190,
tenere 516,
vivere 551
laugh (at) ridere 408
launch lanciare 290
launched, be decollare 155
lay porre 353
lay (down) abbassare 2,
stendere 497
lay (something) on/against appoggiare 43
lead avviare 69,
condurre 117,
guidare 244
lead (into) mettere 305
leak perdere 340
lean (something) on/against appoggiare 43
leap (over) saltare 434
learn apprendere 44,
imparare 252,
sapere 436,
studiare 502
lease affittare 19
leave abbandonare 1,
depositare 157,
lasciare 291,
partire 333,
trasmettere 529,
uscire 539
leave behind dimenticare 166,
lasciare 291,
uscire 539
leave out dimenticare 166,
tacere 512
left (behind), be rimanere 414
left (over), be restare 399,
rimanere 414
left (to go), be mancare 300
lend prestare 366
lessen abbassare 2,
rallentare 390,
ridurre 409,
spegnere 482
let lasciare 291
let have lasciare 291
let out gettare 232
level, make pareggiare 329
lie mentire 304
lie ahead of aspettare 55
lie beyond uscire 539
lie (in) consistere 128
lift alzare 29
lift off decollare 155
lift (up) levare 296
light accendere 10
light (of), make scherzare 444
lightning, be lampeggiare 289
like amare 30
like better preferire 359
liked by, be piacere 348
likely (to), be dovere 188
liken (to) assomigliare 58
limit contenere 130,
restringere 401
link (to/with) abbinare 3,
allacciare 25,
connettere 120,
cucire 149,
unire 537
liquidate sciogliere 446
list elencare 193
listen (to) ascoltare 54,
intendere 275,
udire 536
litigate litigare 298
live esistere 202,
stare 496,
vivere 551
live (in) abitare 6
live (on) sopravvivere 468,
vivere 551
live through vivere 551
load imbarcare 248
loan prestare 366
lock up chiudere 95
long for sognare 466
look apparire 40,
comparire 108
look after assistere 57,
attendere 60,
curare 151
look at guardare 242,
vedere 542
look bad scomparire 448
look for cercare 91
look (like) assomigliare 58,
parere 330,
sembrare 458,
volere 553
look out guardare 242
look up cercare 91,
guardare 242
loose, be ballare 72
loose, let scatenare 441
loosen rilassare 413,
sciogliere 446
lose perdere 340
lose weight dimagrire 165
love amare 30
love, cause to fall in innamorare 268
lower abbassare 2,
diminuire 167,
ridurre 409
lubricate ingrassare 266
lull addormentare 18
lunch, have pranzare 357
M
mail imbucare 249,
impostare 257,
spedire 481
maintain mantenere 303,
sostenere 473
make fare 211,
guadagnare 241,
praticare 358
make equal pareggiare 329
make fun (of) ridere 408,
scherzare 444
make up (one’s face) truccare 532
manage arrivare 52,
condurre 117,
dirigere 171,
gestire 231,
guidare 244,
riuscire 428
manufacture produrre 371
mark distinguere 175,
notare 315,
segnare 456
marriage (to), give in fidanzare 215,
sposare 489
marry sposare 489
match (with) abbinare 3,
accompagnare 14,
andare 35,
combinare 104
matrimony, unite in sposare 489
matter contare 129,
giocare 233,
pesare 346
mature scadere 439
may potere 356
mean dire 170,
intendere 275
measure misurare 307
meet (with) accontentare 15,
conoscere 121,
incontrare 261,
rispondere 425,
soddisfare 464,
trovare 531,
vedere 542
melt disfare 174,
fondere 222,
sciogliere 446
member (of), be a appartenere 41
member (of), become a entrare 196
memorize imparare 252
migrate emigrare 195
mind guardare 242,
spiacere 485
misplace imbucare 249
miss fallire 210,
mancare 300,
perdere 340,
sbagliare 437
missing, be mancare 300
mistake confondere 119
mistake (on), make a sbagliare 437
mix up confondere 119
mock scherzare 444
model indossare 262
modify cambiare 83
mold stampare 494
mount salire 433
mourn lamentare 288,
piangere 349
move commuovere 107,
muovere 310,
spostare 490,
traslocare 528
move away allontanare 28
move up affrettare 20
mow tagliare 513
muffle spegnere 482
murder uccidere 535
must bisognare 75,
dovere 188,
occorrere 319
N
name chiamare 93
narrate raccontare 387
narrow restringere 401
necessary, be bisognare 75,
convenire 134,
occorrere 319
need bisognare 75,
mancare 300,
occorrere 319,
volere 553
need only bastare 73
needed, be andare 35,
occorrere 319
neglect abbandonare 1,
dimenticare 166
negotiate convenire 134,
trattare 530
nerves, get on _____’s stressare 500
nibble (at) rodere 430
night, spend the dormire 187,
pernottare 343
note notare 315,
segnare 456
nothing, come to fallire 210
notice accorgersi 16,
avvertire 68,
notare 315
nurse assistere 57
O
obey ubbidire 534
object to opporre 322
oblige imporre 256,
obbligare 318
obliged to, be dovere 188
observe celebrare 89,
festeggiare 214
obstruct impedire 253
obtain acquistare 17,
avere 66,
cavare 88,
conseguire 123,
ottenere 325,
raccogliere 385,
trarre 526
occur accadere 8,
arrivare 52,
avvenire 67,
insorgere 273,
nascere 311
occur (to) venire 544
offend ferire 212,
offendere 320
offer offrire 321,
porgere 352
on, be funzionare 228
open (onto) aprire 46,
iniziare 267,
rispondere 425
opening in, make an aprire 46
oppose opporre 322
ordain ordinare 323
order commettere 106,
ordinare 323
organize impostare 257,
ordinare 323,
organizzare 324
ought to bisognare 75
outdo sorpassare 469,
superare 507,
vincere 549
outline disegnare 173
outlive sopravvivere 468
overcome sconfiggere 449,
superare 507,
vincere 549
overdo esagerare 197
overlook dimenticare 166
overrun invadere 282
overstate esagerare 197
overtake superare 507
owe dovere 188
own avere 66,
possedere 355
P
pace (back and forth) passeggiare 335
pack (up) incassare 258
package confezionare 118
paint dipingere 169
pardon perdonare 341,
scusare 454
park parcheggiare 328
participate (in) partecipare 332
pass promuovere 375,
sorpassare 469,
votare 555
pass again ripassare 419
pass by passare 334
pass on trasmettere 529
pass out svenire 510
pass through passare 334
pawn impegnare 254
pay (for) corrispondere 140,
pagare 326,
rendere 397,
versare 545
peep guardare 242
perceive avvertire 68
perfect lavorare 294
perform (in) dare 153,
fare 211,
interpretare 276,
rappresentare 391,
recitare 394,
svolgere 511
permit consentire 124,
permettere 342
persist (in) durare 190,
insistere 272
persuade convincere 136,
persuadere 344
phone chiamare 93
pick cogliere 98,
scegliere 442
pick up prelevare 360,
raccogliere 385
pilot condurre 117
pinch stringere 501
place mettere 305,
porre 353
place (in a hole) imbucare 249
place of, take the sostituire 474
plagiarize rubare 432
plan for prevedere 369
plan (to) combinare 104,
disegnare 173,
impostare 257,
intendere 275,
pensare 338
plant piantare 350,
puntare 384
play combattere 103,
giocare 233,
praticare 358,
rappresentare 391,
recitare 394,
suonare 506
play (against) incontrare 261
play with scherzare 444
pleasant, be piacere 348
please accomodare 13,
accontentare 15,
gustare 245,
piacere 348,
soddisfare 464
pledge giurare 237,
impegnare 254
pluck cogliere 98
point (at) puntare 384
point out insegnare 270,
mostrare 309,
proporre 376
point (to) puntare 384
point, come to the giungere 236
polish pulire 382
pollute inquinare 269
popular, be incontrare 261
portray dipingere 169,
disegnare 173,
rappresentare 391,
rendere 397
possess possedere 355
postpone sospendere 472,
spostare 490
pour buttare 80,
versare 545
pour (in) piovere 351
pour (out) spargere 477,
versare 545
practice praticare 358,
studiare 502
praise applaudire 42,
vantare 541
precede prevenire 370
predict indovinare 263,
prevedere 369
prefer preferire 359,
scegliere 442
prepare (for) istruire 287
prepare apparecchiare 39,
cucinare 148,
preparare 364
present esibire 200,
offrire 321,
porgere 352,
presentare 365,
rassegnare 392
present (at), be assistere 57,
partecipare 332
present itself capitare 87
present oneself comparire 108
present, give as a regalare 396
preserve conservare 125
press stirare 498
pressing, be stringere 501
pressure on, keep the impegnare 254
presuppose presupporre 367
pretend figurare 216,
fingere 217,
mostrare 309,
pretendere 368
prevail vincere 549
prevent (from) impedire 253,
prevenire 370,
proibire 372,
togliere 520
print stampare 494,
tirare 518
proceed continuare 131
process lavorare 294
produce creare 144,
dare 153,
portare 354,
produrre 371,
realizzare 393
productive, be rendere 397
profess dichiarare 161
profitable, be rendere 397
progress camminare 84,
migliorare 306
prohibit proibire 372,
vietare 548
prolong prolungare 373
promise promettere 374
promote (to) passare 334,
promuovere 375,
proteggere 378
prompt suggerire 505
proofread correggere 138
propose presentare 365,
proporre 376
proscribe proscrivere 377
protect difendere 162,
proteggere 378
protrude uscire 539
prove mostrare 309,
provare 379
prove (to be) riuscire 428
provide (for) prevedere 369,
provvedere 380
provoke scatenare 441
publicize diffondere 163
publish pubblicare 381,
stampare 494
published, be uscire 539
pull tirare 518
pull down abbassare 2
pull (out) tirare 518,
trarre 526
punish correggere 138,
punire 383
purchase comprare 111
purify lavare 293
pursue inseguire 271
push puntare 384,
spingere 487
put imbucare 249,
mettere 305
put around cingere 96
put aside deporre 156,
risparmiare 424
put back riposare 421
put (down) deporre 156,
porre 353
put down again riposare 421
put forward allegare 26,
opporre 322
put in piantare 350
put in order sistemare 462
put off sospendere 472
put (on) dare 153,
indossare 262,
mettere 305
put out spegnere 482
put together comporre 110,
cucire 149
put up opporre 322
put up with digerire 164
Q
quarrel discutere 172,
litigare 298
question dubitare 189,
interrogare 277
quicken accelerare 9,
stringere 501
quickly, go by very volare 552
quiet (about), be/keep tacere 512
quit smettere 463
R
rabid, become arrabbiare 48
rage (against) tuonare 533
rain (down) piovere 351
raise alzare 29,
aumentare 65,
crescere 146,
levare 296
ratify firmare 219
raze radere 388
reach arrivare 52,
giungere 236,
ottenere 325,
pervenire 345,
raggiungere 389,
toccare 519
read leggere 295
ready, get apparecchiare 39,
preparare 364
realize accorgersi 16,
avvertire 68,
capire 86,
comprendere 112,
pensare 338,
realizzare 393
reap raccogliere 385,
tagliare 513
reattach riassumere 403
rebel insorgere 273
recall ricordare 407
receive accogliere 12,
ammettere 32,
avere 66,
ricevere 404
recite dire 170,
recitare 394,
ripetere 420
recognize conoscere 121,
riconoscere 406
recommend consigliare 127,
raccomandare 386
reconcile riunire 427
record incidere 259,
scrivere 452
recount raccontare 387
recover guarire 243
rectify correggere 138
recur ritornare 426
reduce diminuire 167,
restringere 401,
ridurre 409
reemploy riassumere 402
reflect riflettere 412
refrain (from) evitare 209,
rinunciare 418
refuse opporre 322
regard considerare 126
regards (to), send one’s salutare 435
register depositare 157,
iscrivere 286
regret dolere 184,
pentirsi 339,
rincrescere 416,
spiacere 485
regrettable (to), be rincrescere 416
regulate controllare 133
relate descrivere 159
relax rilassare 413,
stendere 497
release sciogliere 446
released, be uscire 539
rely (on) contare 129
remain restare 399,
rimanere 414,
stare 496
remember ricordare 407
remind ricordare 407
remove cavare 88,
deporre 156,
levare 296,
rimuovere 415,
togliere 520
render rendere 397,
tradurre 525
renounce abbandonare 1,
rinunciare 418
rent affittare 19,
noleggiare 314
repair accomodare 13
repay pagare 326,
rendere 397
repeat ripetere 420
repent (of) pentirsi 339
replace sostituire 474
reply (to) rispondere 425
report informare 264
represent rappresentare 391
repress rimuovere 415
reproduce stampare 494
request chiedere 94,
richiedere 405
require chiedere 94,
esigere 201,
obbligare 318,
occorrere 319,
pretendere 368,
richiedere 405,
volere 553
resemble assomigliare 58
reserve fissare 221,
impegnare 254,
prenotare 362
reside (at/in) abitare 6
resign rassegnare 392
resolve decidere 154,
risolvere 423
respond (to) rispondere 425,
ubbidire 534
responsible (for), be rispondere 425
rest riposare 421
rest (something) against/on appoggiare 43
restore guarire 243,
restituire 400
restrict restringere 401
result, be the venire 544
resume riassumere 403
return corrispondere 140,
rendere 397,
restituire 400,
rientrare 411,
ritornare 426,
tornare 522
reunite riunire 427
reveal tradire 524
review ripassare 419
rig truccare 532
right, get indovinare 263
ring squillare 492,
suonare 506
rise (above) aumentare 65,
crescere 146,
emergere 194,
salire 433
rise up insorgere 273
rob rubare 432
rouse riscuotere 422,
scuotere 453,
svegliare 509
ruin distruggere 177
rule governare 239,
possedere 355
run camminare 84,
condurre 117,
correre 139,
funzionare 228,
gestire 231,
guidare 244,
lavorare 294
run away fuggire 226,
scappare 440
run into incontrare 261
run off tirare 518
run out scadere 439
rush off scappare 440
S
salute salutare 435
satisfy accontentare 15,
soddisfare 464
sauce to, add a condire 115
sauté saltare 434
save conservare 125,
economizzare 191,
evitare 209,
risparmiare 424
savor gustare 245
say dire 170,
recitare 394
scare spaventare 479
scatter spargere 477
scold pettinare 347
scorch ardere 47,
bruciare 79
score realizzare 393,
segnare 456
score, keep segnare 456
scrape radere 388
scream gridare 240,
urlare 538
seal chiudere 95
search interrogare 277
search for cercare 91
season condire 115
secure fermare 213
sediment, leave a depositare 157
see sentire 459,
vedere 542,
visitare 550
see to curare 151,
sbrigare 438
see to it vedere 542
seek (to) cercare 91
seem apparire 40,
comparire 108,
parere 330,
sembrare 458
seethe bollire 76,
friggere 225
seize prendere 361
select eleggere 192,
scegliere 442
sell andare 35,
vendere 543
sell cheap regalare 396
send inviare 284,
spedire 481,
trasmettere 529
send away allontanare 28,
mandare 301
send for chiamare 93
send (off) mandare 301
send one’s regards (to) salutare 435
send (out) mandare 301
sense sentire 459
separate ways, go divorziare 183
serve servire 461
set mettere 305,
porre 353,
stabilire 493
set aside lasciare 291
set in order accomodare 13
set off brillare 77,
lanciare 290
set on edge allegare 26
set out porre 353
set (the table) apparecchiare 39
set up creare 144
settle combinare 104,
fissare 221,
riposare 421,
sistemare 462
sew cucire 149,
riassumere 403
shake ballare 72,
crollare 147,
scuotere 453
shake (again) riscuotere 422
shape informare 264
share (in) condividere 116,
contribuire 132,
dividere 182,
partecipare 332
shave (off) radere 388
shelter proteggere 378
shield coprire 137,
proteggere 378
shift spostare 490
shine brillare 77
ship inviare 284,
spedire 481
shock colpire 102
shoot girare 234,
sparare 475,
tirare 518
shortcut, take a tagliare 513
shorten ridurre 409,
tagliare 513
should bisognare 75
shout gridare 240,
urlare 538
shove spingere 487
show insegnare 270,
mostrare 309,
presentare 365,
tradire 524
show (into) introdurre 281
show up piovere 351
shrink restringere 401
shut (down) chiudere 95
sick, become ammalarsi 31
sight scoprire 451
sign firmare 219
similar (to), make assomigliare 58
sing cantare 85
single out distinguere 175
sink abbassare 2,
crollare 147,
scendere 443
sit (down) sedere 455
situated, be stare 496
sizzle friggere 225
skate pattinare 336
sketch disegnare 173
ski sciare 445
skid pattinare 336
skip saltare 434
slacken rilassare 413
sleep dormire 187,
riposare 421
sleep, put to addormentare 18
slice tagliare 513
slip (by) scappare 440
slope (down) scendere 443
slow (down) frenare 223,
rallentare 390
slump crollare 147
smart bruciare 79
smash rompere 431
smell sentire 459
smell (of) sapere 436
smile sorridere 471
smoke fumare 227
smother coprire 137
snow nevicare 313
soak up bere 74
solve risolvere 423,
sciogliere 446
soothe calmare 82
sorry, be rincrescere 416,
spiacere 485
sort out scegliere 442,
sistemare 462
sound suonare 506
sound like parere 330
spare risparmiare 424
sparkle brillare 77,
lampeggiare 289,
ridere 408
speak dire 170,
parlare 331
speak highly of vantare 541
speed past fuggire 226
speed up accelerare 9,
affrettare 20
spend passare 334,
spendere 483
spend the night dormire 187,
pernottare 343
spice condire 115
spill spargere 477,
versare 545
spin girare 234
split (up) dividere 182
sports title on, confer a laureare 292
spot scoprire 451
spout gettare 232
spread correre 139,
diffondere 163,
generalizzare 230,
spargere 477
spread into invadere 282
spread (out) spiegare 486,
stendere 497
spring up nascere 311
sprout gettare 232,
nascere 311
squander mangiare 302,
sprecare 491
squeal cantare 85
squeeze stringere 501
stage rappresentare 391,
realizzare 393
stand riposare 421,
soffrire 465,
sopportare 467,
stare 496
stand, not be able to temere 515
stand for figurare 216
stand out comparire 108,
emergere 194
stand up for difendere 162
stand up to incassare 258,
sostenere 473
stare (at) fissare 221,
guardare 242
start (up) aprire 46,
avviare 69,
cominciare 105,
partire 333
state porre 353
stay overnight pernottare 343
stay restare 399,
rimanere 414,
scendere 443,
stare 496
steal rubare 432
steam, give off fumare 227
steer governare 239
stick (on) mettere 305
stick out uscire 539
stifle spegnere 482
sting bruciare 79
stir scuotere 453
stir up scatenare 441
stitch cucire 149
stomach digerire 164
stop arrestare 51,
fermare 213,
finire 218,
scendere 443,
smettere 463
stop (at) toccare 519
stop (from) togliere 520
store depositare 157
story, tell a contare 129
stress notare 315,
stressare 500
stretch (out) stendere 497,
stirare 498
strike colpire 102,
stampare 494,
suonare 506
strip spogliare 488
stroll passeggiare 335
struggle combattere 103,
lottare 299
study esaminare 198,
studiare 502
stuff riempire 410
stun stupire 503
submit presentare 365
subordinate (to), be dipendere 168
subsist (on) vivere 551
substitute sostituire 474
subtract togliere 520
succeed (in) arrivare 52,
giungere 236,
riuscire 428,
succedere 504
successful, be incontrare 261
suffer (from) soffrire 465,
temere 515
suffice bastare 73
suggest proporre 376,
suggerire 505
suit accomodare 13,
donare 186,
piacere 348,
stare 496
suitable, be fare 211
summarize riassumere 402
summon chiamare 93,
riunire 427
supervise controllare 133,
seguire 457
supplement integrare 274
supply provvedere 380
support appoggiare 43,
mantenere 303,
portare 354,
sopportare 467,
sostenere 473
suppose ammettere 32,
immaginare 250,
mettere 305,
porre 353,
presupporre 367,
supporre 508
supposed (to), be dovere 188
surface emergere 194
surpass sorpassare 469,
superare 507
surprise cogliere 98,
sorprendere 470
surround abbracciare 4,
chiudere 95,
cingere 96,
circondare 97
survive sopravvivere 468
suspend fermare 213,
sospendere 472
suture cucire 149
swallow (up) bere 74,
inghiottire 265
swear giurare 237
swim nuotare 317
switch off chiudere 95,
spegnere 482
switch on accendere 10,
aprire 46
symbolize figurare 216,
rappresentare 391
T
tailor confezionare 118
take cogliere 98,
condurre 117,
incassare 258,
portare 354,
prelevare 360,
prendere 361
take again ripetere 420
take away allontanare 28,
levare 296,
togliere 520
take care (of) conservare 125,
curare 151,
guardare 242,
proteggere 378,
provvedere 380
take in accettare 11
take off decollare 155,
levare 296,
partire 333,
togliere 520
take (on) assumere 59,
prendere 361,
sostenere 473
take on/up again riassumere 402
take out cavare 88
take place accadere 8
take (someone) for prendere 361
take up abbracciare 4,
prendere 361
talk parlare 331
talk into persuadere 344
talking, stop tacere 512
tan abbronzare 5
taste assaggiare 56,
gustare 245,
sentire 459
taste like parere 330
taste (of) sapere 436
teach insegnare 270,
istruire 287
tease scherzare 444
telephone telefonare 514
tell dire 170,
informare 264
tell (about) raccontare 387
tempt tentare 517
tend governare 239
terminate interrompere 278
test analizzare 34,
assaggiare 56,
esaminare 198,
interrogare 277,
misurare 307,
provare 379,
tentare 517
testify deporre 156
thank ringraziare 417
thaw disfare 174,
fondere 222,
sciogliere 446
thin down dimagrire 165
think credere 145,
pensare 338,
sapere 436,
trovare 531
think (about/over) riflettere 412
think straight connettere 120
thinner, make look dimagrire 165
throw buttare 80,
lanciare 290,
tirare 518
throw away buttare 80,
gettare 232,
spendere 483
throw down gettare 232
thunder tuonare 533
tidy (up) comporre 110,
sistemare 462
tie allacciare 25,
pareggiare 329
tie around cingere 96
tighten stringere 501
till lavorare 294
tire stancare 495
toast, make a brindare 78
tolerate sopportare 467
toss crollare 147,
lanciare 290
touch (on) coinvolgere 100,
commuovere 107,
toccare 519
tour girare 234
trace descrivere 159
train allenare 27,
istruire 287
tramp camminare 84
transfer tradurre 525,
trasferire 527,
traslocare 528
translate rendere 397,
tradurre 525,
volgere 554
transmit inviare 284,
trasmettere 529
travel andare 35,
correre 139,
viaggiare 547
treat assistere 57,
curare 151,
trattare 530
trick giocare 233
trim tagliare 513
trouble disturbare 178,
preoccupare 363
trust contare 129
try assaggiare 56,
giudicare 235,
misurare 307,
provare 379,
tentare 517
try (to) cercare 91
turn dirigere 171,
girare 234,
volgere 554
turn (again/back/over) rivolgere 429
turn (age) compiere 109
turn down abbassare 2,
rinunciare 418
turn (into) diventare 180
turn of, be the toccare 519
turn off chiudere 95,
spegnere 482
turn on accendere 10,
aprire 46
turn out venire 544
turn out (to be) tornare 522
turn (toward) volgere 554
turn up capitare 87
twist storcere 499,
torcere 521
typeset comporre 110
U
unchain scatenare 441
uncover scoprire 451
under way, get impostare 257
underline segnare 456
understand capire 86,
comprendere 112,
intendere 275
undo disfare 174,
sciogliere 446
undress spogliare 488
unfold svolgere 511
unfurl spiegare 486
uniform, make pareggiare 329
unite unire 537
unite in matrimony sposare 489
unleash scatenare 441
unpack disfare 174
unroll svolgere 511
unsure, be dubitare 189
up (to), be appartenere 41,
combinare 104,
toccare 519
uphold mantenere 303,
sostenere 473
upset sconvolgere 450,
spiacere 485
urge consigliare 127,
insistere 272,
invitare 285,
raccomandare 386,
spingere 487
use impiegare 255,
spendere 483
use (to), be of servire 461,
valere 540
use up esaurire 199
used for, be servire 461
used to ([doing] something), get (someone) abituare 7
usher (into) introdurre 281
V
valid, be tenere 516,
valere 540
value apprezzare 45
vanish morire 308,
scomparire 448,
sparire 478
vex cuocere 150
violate offendere 320,
rompere 431
visit vedere 542,
visitare 550
voice esprimere 206
vote (for) votare 555
vouch (for) garantire 229,
rispondere 425
vow giurare 237
W
wager mettere 305,
scommettere 447
wait for aspettare 55,
attendere 60
wait on servire 461
waken svegliare 509
walk camminare 84,
passeggiare 335
want desiderare 160,
volere 553
warn avvertire 68,
prevenire 370
warrant garantire 229
wash lavare 293
waste buttare 80,
perdere 340,
spendere 483,
sprecare 491
watch controllare 133
water piangere 349
waver esitare 203
wear avere 66,
indossare 262,
portare 354,
vestire 546
wear away rodere 430
wear down stancare 495
wear out esaurire 199
weary stancare 495,
uccidere 535
weep piangere 349
weigh (on) pesare 346
weight, carry pesare 346
weight, gain ingrassare 266
weight, lose dimagrire 165
welcome accogliere 12,
ricevere 404,
salutare 435
welcome to, give a hearty festeggiare 214
whistle fischiare 220
win acquistare 17,
guadagnare 241,
ottenere 325,
prendere 361,
raccogliere 385,
riscuotere 422,
vincere 549
wind girare 234
wink lampeggiare 289
wish (for) desiderare 160,
volere 553
withdraw prelevare 360
withhold tacere 512
wobble ballare 72
work agire 23,
andare 35,
funzionare 228
work (at) lavorare 294
work off digerire 164
work (on) lavorare 294
work out allenare 27
work well funzionare 228
worry preoccupare 363,
spaventare 479
worse, become/make peggiorare 337
worsen peggiorare 337
worth, be costare 141,
valere 540
would rather preferire 359
wound ferire 212
wrap (up) confezionare 118
wreck distruggere 177
wrestle lottare 299
wring (out) torcere 521
write redigere 395,
scrivere 452
write down notare 315
wrong, be mancare 300
wrong, get sbagliare 437
wrong, go mancare 300
Y
yell gridare 240,
urlare 538
yes, say volere 553
yield dare 153,
portare 354,
produrre 371,
rendere 397
Irregular Verb Form Index
It can sometimes be difficult to derive the infinitive of a particularly irregular
verb form. This index guides you from an irregular form that you encounter
to the appropriate model verb in this book. In this way, you can see irregular
forms as part of the complete conjugation program.
A
abbia avere 66
abbia- avere 66
abbiamo avere 66
accadd- accadere 8
accadr- accadere 8
acces- accendere 10
accolg- accogliere 12
accols- accogliere 12
accolto accogliere 12
accors- accorgersi 16
accorto accorgersi 16
aggiuns- aggiungere 22
aggiunto aggiungere 22
ammesso ammettere 32
ammis- ammettere 32
andr- andare 35
apers- aprire 46
aperto aprire 46
appai- apparire 40
appars- apparire 40
apparteng- appartenere 41
appartenn- appartenere 41
apparterr- appartenere 41
appartien- appartenere 41
apparv- apparire 40
appres- apprendere 44
ars- ardere 47
assistito assistere 57
assuns- assumere 59
assunto assumere 59
attes- attendere 60
attra- attrarre 62
attraess- attrarre 62
attraev- attrarre 62
attragg- attrarre 62
attrarr- attrarre 62
attrass- attrarre 62
attratto attrarre 62
avr- avere 66
avveng- avvenire 67
avvenn- avvenire 67
avvenuto avvenire 67
avverr- avvenire 67
avvien- avvenire 67
B
berr- bere 74
bev- bere 74
bevev- bere 74
bevuto bere 74
bevv- bere 74
C
cadd- cadere 81
cadr- cadere 81
chies- chiedere 94
chiesto chiedere 94
chius- chiudere 95
cinsi cingere 96
cinto cingere 96
coc- cuocere 150
coincis- coincidere 99
coinvols- coinvolgere 100
coinvolto coinvolgere 100
colg- cogliere 98
cols- cogliere 98
colto cogliere 98
commesso commettere 106
commis- commettere 106
commoss- commuovere 107
commov- commuovere 107
compai- comparire 108
compars- comparire 108
comparv- comparire 108
compi- compiere 109
compir- compiere 109
compon- comporre 110
compong- comporre 110
comporr- comporre 110
compos- comporre 110
composto comporre 110
compres- comprendere 112
concess- concedere 113
conclus- concludere 114
condivis- condividere 116
condotto condurre 117
conduc- condurre 117
condurr- condurre 117
conduss- condurre 117
confus- confondere 119
conness- connettere 120
conobb- conoscere 121
conosciuto conoscere 121
consistito consistere 128
conteng- contenere 130
contenn- contenere 130
conterr- contenere 130
contien- contenere 130
conveng- convenire 134
convenn- convenire 134
convenuto convenire 134
converr- convenire 134
convers- convertire 135
convien- convenire 134
convins- convincere 136
convinto convincere 136
copers- coprire 137
coperto coprire 137
corress- correggere 138
corretto correggere 138
corrispos- corrispondere 140
corrisposto corrispondere 140
cors- correre 139
coss- cuocere 150
costretto costringere 142
costrins- costringere 142
costruss- costruire 143
cotto cuocere 150
crebb- crescere 146
D
dà dare 153
da’ dare 153
dai dare 153
dando dare 153
danno dare 153
dar- dare 153
date dare 153
dato dare 153
dav- dare 153
debb- dovere 188
decis- decidere 154
demmo dare 153
depon- deporre 156
depong- deporre 156
deporr- deporre 156
depos- deporre 156
deposto deporre 156
depress- deprimere 158
descriss- descrivere 159
descritto descrivere 159
dess- dare 153
deste dare 153
desti dare 153
dette dare 153
dettero dare 153
detti dare 153
detto dire 170
dev- dovere 188
di’ dire 170
dia dare 153
diamo dare 153
diano dare 153
diate dare 153
dic- dire 170
dicess- dire 170
dicev- dire 170
died- dare 153
difes- difendere 162
diffus- diffondere 163
dipes- dipendere 168
dipins- dipingere 169
dipinto dipingere 169
dir- dire 170
diress- dirigere 171
diretto dirigere 171
discuss- discutere 172
disfa disfare 174
disfà disfare 174
disfa’ disfare 174
disfacc- disfare 174
disfacess- disfare 174
disfacev- disfare 174
disfai disfare 174
disfanno disfare 174
disfano disfare 174
disfar- disfare 174
disfate disfare 174
disfatto disfare 174
disfec- disfare 174
disfo disfare 174
diss- dire 170
distins- distinguere 175
distinto distinguere 175
distra- distrarre 176
distraess- distrarre 176
distraev- distrarre 176
distragg- distrarre 176
distrarr- distrarre 176
distrass- distrarre 176
distratto distrarre 176
distruss- distruggere 177
distrutto distruggere 177
dite dire 170
diveng- divenire 179
divenn- divenire 179
divenuto divenire 179
diverr- divenire 179
divien- divenire 179
divis- dividere 182
do dare 153
dobb- dovere 188
dogl- dolere 184
dolg- dolere 184
dols- dolere 184
doluto dolere 184
dorr- dolere 184
dovr- dovere 188
duol- dolere 184
E
è essere 207
ebb- avere 66
eless- eleggere 192
eletto eleggere 192
emers- emergere 194
er- essere 207
erav- essere 207
esatto esigere 201
esc- uscire 539
esistito esistere 202
esplos- esplodere 205
espress- esprimere 206
espuls- espellere 204
estes- estendere 208
F
fa fare 211
fa’ fare 211
facc- fare 211
facendo fare 211
facess- fare 211
facest- fare 211
facev- fare 211
fai fare 211
fanno fare 211
far- fare 211
fate fare 211
fatto fare 211
fec- fare 211
fins- fingere 217
finto fingere 217
foss- essere 207
foste essere 207
fosti essere 207
friss- friggere 225
fritto friggere 225
fu essere 207
fui essere 207
fummo essere 207
furono essere 207
fus- fondere 222
G
giuns- giungere 236
giunto giungere 236
godr- godere 238
H
ha avere 66
hai avere 66
hanno avere 66
ho avere 66
I
impon- imporre 256
impong- imporre 256
imporr- imporre 256
impos- imporre 256
imposto imporre 256
incis- incidere 259
inclus- includere 260
insistito insistere 272
insors- insorgere 273
insorto insorgere 273
interrotto interrompere 278
interrupp- interrompere 278
intes- intendere 275
intratten- intrattenere 280
intratteng- intrattenere 280
intratterr- intrattenere 280
intrattien- intrattenere 280
introdotto introdurre 281
introduc- introdurre 281
introdurr- introdurre 281
introduss- introdurre 281
invas- invadere 282
iscriss- iscrivere 286
iscritto iscrivere 286
L
less- leggere 295
letto leggere 295
M
manteng- mantenere 303
mantenn- mantenere 303
manterr- mantenere 303
mantien- mantenere 303
messo mettere 305
mis- mettere 305
morr- morire 308
morto morire 308
moss- muovere 310
mov- muovere 310
muoi- morire 308
muor- morire 308
N
nacqu- nascere 311
nascos- nascondere 312
nascosto nascondere 312
nato nascere 311
noc(c)- nuocere 316
nocqu- nuocere 316
nuocc- nuocere 316
O
occors- occorrere 319
oda udire 536
odano udire 536
ode udire 536
odi udire 536
odo udire 536
odono udire 536
offers- offrire 321
offerto offrire 321
offes- offendere 320
oppon- opporre 322
oppong- opporre 322
opporr- opporre 322
oppos- opporre 322
opposto opporre 322
otteng- ottenere 325
ottenn- ottenere 325
otterr- ottenere 325
ottien- ottenere 325
P
pai- parere 330
parr- parere 330
pars- parere 330
parv- parere 330
permesso permettere 342
permis- permettere 342
pers- perdere 340
persuas- persuadere 344
perveng- pervenire 345
pervenn- pervenire 345
pervenuto pervenire 345
perverr- pervenire 345
pervien- pervenire 345
piacc- piacere 348
piaciuto piacere 348
piacqu- piacere 348
pians- piangere 349
pianto piangere 349
piovv- piovere 351
pon- porre 353
pong- porre 353
porr- porre 353
pors- porgere 352
porto porgere 352
pose porre 353
posero porre 353
posi porre 353
poss- potere 356
possegg- possedere 355
possied- possedere 355
posto porre 353
potete potere 356
potr- potere 356
pres- prendere 361
presuppon- presupporre 367
presuppong- presupporre 367
presupporr- presupporre 367
presuppos- presupporre 367
presupposto presupporre 367
pretes- pretendere 368
prevedr- prevedere 369
preveng- prevenire 370
prevenn- prevenire 370
prevenuto prevenire 370
preverr- prevenire 370
previd- prevedere 369
previen- prevenire 370
previsto prevedere 369
prodotto produrre 371
produc- produrre 371
produrr- produrre 371
produss- produrre 371
promesso promettere 374
promis- promettere 374
promoss- promuovere 375
promov- promuovere 375
propon- proporre 376
propong- proporre 376
proporr- proporre 376
propos- proporre 376
proposto proporre 376
proscriss- proscrivere 377
proscritto proscrivere 377
protess- proteggere 378
protetto proteggere 378
provvedr- provvedere 380
provvid- provvedere 380
provvisto provvedere 380
può potere 356
puoi potere 356
R
raccolg- raccogliere 385
raccols- raccogliere 385
raccolto raccogliere 385
raggiuns- raggiungere 389
raggiunto raggiungere 389
rase radere 388
rasero radere 388
rasi radere 388
raso radere 388
redass- redigere 395
redatto redigere 395
res- rendere 397
restrins- restringere 401
riassuns- riassumere 402
riassunto riassumere 402
richies- richiedere 405
richiesto richiedere 405
riconobb- riconoscere 406
riconosciuto riconoscere 406
ridotto ridurre 409
riduc- ridurre 409
ridurr- ridurre 409
riduss- ridurre 409
riesc- riuscire 428
rifless- riflettere 412
rimanga rimanere 414
rimangano rimanere 414
rimango rimanere 414
rimangono rimanere 414
rimarr- rimanere 414
rimas- rimanere 414
rimasto rimanere 414
rimoss- rimuovere 415
rimov- rimuovere 415
rincrebb- rincrescere 416
ris- ridere 408
riscoss- riscuotere 422
riscot- riscuotere 422
risols- risolvere 423
risolto risolvere 423
rispos- rispondere 425
risposto rispondere 425
ristretto restringere 401
rivols- rivolgere 429
rivolto rivolgere 429
ros- rodere 430
rotto rompere 431
rupp- rompere 431
S
sa sapere 436
sai sapere 436
salg- salire 433
sanno sapere 436
sapp- sapere 436
sapr- sapere 436
sar- essere 207
scadd- scadere 439
scadr- scadere 439
scelg- scegliere 442
scels- scegliere 442
scelto scegliere 442
sces- scendere 443
sciolg- sciogliere 446
sciols- sciogliere 446
sciolto sciogliere 446
scommesso scommettere 447
scommis- scommettere 447
scompai- scomparire 448
scompar- scomparire 448
scompars- scomparire 448
scomparv- scomparire 448
sconfiss- sconfiggere 449
sconfitto sconfiggere 449
sconvols- sconvolgere 450
sconvolto sconvolgere 450
scopers- scoprire 451
scoperto scoprire 451
scosse scuotere 453
scossero scuotere 453
scossi scuotere 453
scosso scuotere 453
scoteste scuotere 453
scotesti scuotere 453
scriss- scrivere 452
scritto scrivere 452
sei essere 207
sepp- sapere 436
sia essere 207
sia- essere 207
siamo essere 207
sied- sedere 455
siete essere 207
sii essere 207
smesso smettere 463
smis- smettere 463
so sapere 436
soddisf- soddisfare 464
soddisfacc- soddisfare 464
soddisfacendo soddisfare 464
soddisfacess- soddisfare 464
soddisfacest- soddisfare 464
soddisfacev- soddisfare 464
soddisfar- soddisfare 464
soddisfatto soddisfare 464
soddisfec- soddisfare 464
soddisfer- soddisfare 464
soffers- soffrire 465
sofferto soffrire 465
sono essere 207
sopravviss- sopravvivere 468
sopravvivr- sopravvivere 468
sorpres- sorprendere 470
sorris- sorridere 471
sospes- sospendere 472
sosteng- sostenere 473
sostenn- sostenere 473
sosterr- sostenere 473
sostien- sostenere 473
spars- spargere 477
speng- spegnere 482
spens- spegnere 482
spento spegnere 482
spese spendere 483
spesero spendere 483
spesi spendere 483
speso spendere 483
spiacc- spiacere 485
spiacq- spiacere 485
spins- spingere 487
spinto spingere 487
spiovve spiovere page 31
sta stare 496
stai stare 496
stanno stare 496
star- stare 496
state stare 496
stato essere 207
stav- stare 496
stemmo stare 496
stes- stendere 497
stess- stare 496
stest- stare 496
stett- stare 496
stia stare 496
stia- stare 496
sto stare 496
stors- storcere 499
storto storcere 499
stretto stringere 501
strins- stringere 501
success- succedere 504
suppon- supporre 508
suppong- supporre 508
supporr- supporre 508
suppos- supporre 508
supposto supporre 508
sussistito sussistere page 22
sveng- svenire 510
svenn- svenire 510
svenuto svenire 510
sverr- svenire 510
svien- svenire 510
svols- svolgere 511
svolto svolgere 511
T
tacc- tacere 512
tacq- tacere 512
teng- tenere 516
tenn- tenere 516
terr- tenere 516
tien- tenere 516
tolg- togliere 520
tols- togliere 520
tolto togliere 520
ton- tuonare 533
tors- torcere 521
torto torcere 521
tradotto tradurre 525
traduc- tradurre 525
traduss- tradurre 525
trae trarre 526
traemmo trarre 526
traendo trarre 526
traess- trarre 526
traest- trarre 526
traete trarre 526
traev- trarre 526
tragg- trarre 526
trai trarre 526
traiamo trarre 526
traiate trarre 526
trasmesso trasmettere 529
trasmis- trasmettere 529
trass- trarre 526
tratto trarre 526
U
uccis- uccidere 535
udr- udire 536
V
va andare 35
va’ andare 35
vada andare 35
vadano andare 35
vado andare 35
vai andare 35
valg- valere 540
vals- valere 540
vanno andare 35
varr- valere 540
vedr- vedere 542
veng- venire 544
venn- venire 544
venuto venire 544
verr- venire 544
vid- vedere 542
vien- venire 544
vins- vincere 549
vinto vincere 549
viss- vivere 551
visto vedere 542
vivr- vivere 551
vogli- volere 553
volete volere 553
voll- volere 553
vols- volgere 554
volto volgere 554
vorr- volere 553
vuoi volere 553
vuole volere 553
Italian Verb Index
This index contains more than 2,700 verbs, each cross-referenced to a fully
conjugated verb that follows the same pattern. The 555 model verbs appear in
bold type.
The auxiliary used with a verb is indicated in parentheses after the
infinitive: A for verbs that use avere, E for verbs that use essere, and A, E for
verbs that use both avere and essere (see 21 and 22 of the Tense Profiles).
There are two model verb references for some of the reflexive verbs in this
index: (1) irregular verbs, (2) verbs that have spelling changes in the stem
(see the box “Summary of Spelling Changes” on page 8), and (3) verbs
whose nonreflexive form is one of the 555 verbs conjugated in this book. The
first number refers to a nonreflexive model verb that serves as a guide to the
nonreflexive forms and to formation of principal parts. The second number,
in brackets, refers to a reflexively conjugated model verb for the reflexive
forms (with essere as auxiliary). For example, the model verb number for the
nonreflexive forms and principal parts of accingersi is 96 (cingere), and the
model verb number for its reflexive forms is 16 (accorgersi).
A
abbaiare (A) bark, howl 502
abbandonare (A) abandon; drop 1
abbandonarsi (E) let oneself go; drop 1 [31]
abbassare (A, E) lower; turn down 2
abbassarsi (E) lower oneself; drop 2 [31]
abbattere (A) pull down, demolish 404
abbellire (A) beautify 86
abbinare (A) match (with); combine/link (with) 3
abboccare (A) bite; grip 233
abbonarsi (E) get a subscription (to) 31
abbondare (A, E) abound 434
abbordare (A) board, tackle 315
abbottonare (A) button up 315
abbozzare (A) sketch; outline 315
abbracciare (A) hug, embrace; include 4
abbracciarsi (E) hug, embrace one another; cling to 4 [31]
abbreviare (A) abbreviate, shorten 502
abbronzare (A) tan; bronze 5
abbronzarsi (E) get a tan 5 [31]
abdicare (A) abdicate 233
abitare (A) live; inhabit, reside (in) 6
abituare (A) get (someone) used to ([doing] something) 7
abituarsi (E) get used to ([doing] something) 7 [31]
abolire (A) abolish, suppress 86
aborrire (A) abhor, loathe 304
abrogare (A) repeal; revoke 326
abusare (A) abuse; overindulge 315
accadere (E) happen, occur, take place 8
accampare (A) camp, encamp 315
accantonare (A) put aside; earmark 315
accarezzare (A) caress; pet, pat 315
accavallare (A) overlap; cross 315
accecare (A, E) blind 300
accedere (A, E) access, enter, reach 113, 504
accelerare (A) speed up, accelerate, go faster 9
accelerarsi (E) speed up, go faster 9 [31]
accendere (A) light, ignite; switch on 10
accendersi (E) start, come on 10 [16]
accennare (A) point out, mention 315
accentuare (A) accentuate; stress 315
accertare (A) verify; assess 315
accettare (A) accept, agree to; admit 11
acchiappare (A) seize; catch 315
accingere (A) wrap around 96
accingersi (E) be on the point of (doing something), set about 96 [16]
acclamare (A) acclaim; cheer; applaud 315
accludere (A) enclose 114
accogliere (A) welcome, receive; hold 12
accomodare (A) fix; set in order; deal with 13
accomodarsi (E) sit down, make oneself comfortable 13 [31]
accompagnare (A) accompany, come/go with 14
accompagnarsi (E) go well together, match 14 [31]
accondiscendere (A) consent, agree 404
acconsentire (A) agree, consent 459
accontentare (A) satisfy, please; meet 15
accontentarsi (E) content oneself with 15 [31]
accoppiare (A) couple; join, unite 502
accorciare (A) shorten; speed up 71
accordare (A) grant; allow 315
accorgersi (E) notice, realize 16
accorrere (E) hasten, run to 139
accostare (A) approach; draw near/close 315
accreditare (A) credit, support 315
accrescere (A) increase, augment 146
accumulare (A) accumulate, store up 315
accusare (A) accuse, indict; charge 315
acidificare (A, E) acidify 300
acquietare (A) calm, appease 315
acquisire (A) acquire, obtain 86
acquistare (A) acquire; buy; gain 17
acuire (A) stimulate, sharpen 86
adagiare (A) lay down with care, put down gently 302
adattare (A) adapt, adjust 315
adattarsi (E) adapt oneself 31
addebitare (A) debit, charge 315
addestrare (A) train, drill 315
addirsi (E) suit, become 170 [339]
addolorare (A) grieve, sadden 315
addomesticare (A) tame, make gentle/sociable 233
addormentare (A) put to sleep, lull; anesthetize 18
addormentarsi (E) go to sleep, fall asleep 18 [31]
addurre (A) adduce, cite, allege 371
adeguare (A) adapt, adjust 315
adempiere (A) carry out, fulfill 109
aderire (A) adhere, stick; assent 86
adirarsi (E) get angry/enraged 31
adocchiare (A) glance at, eye; ogle 502
adoperare (A) use, employ 315
adorare (A) adore, worship 315
adornare (A) adorn, decorate 315
adottare (A) adopt, accept 315
adulare (A) flatter, adulate 315
adulterare (A) adulterate 315
affacciarsi (E) appear, look out 71 [31]
affamare (A) starve (out) 315
affannarsi (E) worry, be anxious 31
affascinare (A) fascinate, charm; enchant 315
affaticare (A) tire, weary 233
affermare (A) affirm, declare 213
afferrare (A) get hold of, grab 315
affettare (A) slice, cut; feign 315
affezionarsi (E) become fond of 31
affiancare (A) flank, put beside; help 233
affidare (A) entrust, confide 315
affievolire (A, E) weaken, diminish 86
affiliare (A) affiliate, associate 502
affittare (A) rent, lease 19
affliggere (A) afflict, trouble 225
affluire (E) flow; pour; stream 478
affogare (A, E) drown; smother 36
affollare (A) crowd, pack 315
affondare (A, E) sink; dip; plunge 434
affrancare (A) release; put a stamp on 233
affrettare (A) speed up, hurry 20
affrettarsi (E) hurry up 20 [31]
affrontare (A) deal with, face (up to) 21
affrontarsi (E) confront each other 21 [31]
affumicare (A) smoke (out) 233
agevolare (A) facilitate; assist 315
agghiacciare (A, E) freeze 79
aggirare (A) go round, avoid 315
aggiudicare (A) award 233
aggiungere (A) add 22
aggiungersi (E) join; be added 22 [16]
aggiustare (A) adjust; repair 315
agglomerare (A) crowd together 315
aggrapparsi (E) cling, clutch 31
aggravare (A, E) aggravate, make worse 434
aggredire (A) assail, assault 86
aggregare (A) admit, annex 326
agire (A) act; work; take effect 23
agitare (A) agitate; shake, stir 315
aguzzare (A) sharpen 315
aiutare (A) help, assist; facilitate 24
aiutarsi (E) help oneself/one another 24 [31]
albergare (A) house, shelter 326
alienare (A) alienate, part with 315
alimentare (A) feed, nourish 315
allacciare (A) fasten, tie; connect 25
allacciarsi (E) tie, fasten; connect 25 [31]
allagare (A) flood 326
allargare (A) widen, broaden, increase 326
allearsi (E) ally oneself (with) 31
allegare (A) enclose; put forward 26
alleggerire (A) lighten 86
allenare (A) exercise; train, coach 27
allenarsi (E) train, practice 27 [31]
allettare (A) allure, entice 315
allevare (A) bring up, rear 315
alleviare (A) alleviate; relieve 502
allineare (A) align, line up 315
alloggiare (A) lodge, house 302
allontanare (A) take/move away; drive away 28
allontanarsi (E) go away 28 [31]
allucinare (A) dazzle, hallucinate 315
alludere (A) allude (to) 114
allungare (A) lengthen, extend 326
alterare (A) alter, change 315
alternare (A) alternate 315
alzare (A) raise, lift; build 29
alzarsi (E) get up, rise 29 [31]
amalgamare (A) merge, combine 315
amare (A) love, be fond of; like 30
amareggiare (A) embitter 302
amarsi (E) love oneself/each other 30 [31]
ambire (A) aspire (to); desire; yearn (for) 86
ammaestrare (A) train, teach 315
ammalare (A) make sick; spoil 434
ammalarsi (E) become sick 31
ammanettare (A) handcuff 315
ammassare (A) amass; assemble 315
ammattire (E) go mad 478
ammazzare (A) kill, murder 315
ammettere (A) admit; suppose 32
ammiccare (A) wink 233
amministrare (A) administer, manage 315
ammirare (A) admire 33
ammobiliare (A) furnish 502
ammonire (A) admonish; warn 86
ammontare (A, E) stack, amount to 434
ammorbidire (A) soften 86
ammortizzare (A) pay off, amortize 315
ammucchiare (A) pile up, heap 502
amoreggiare (A) flirt 302
ampliare (A) enlarge, extend 502
amplificare (A) amplify; enlarge 233
amputare (A) amputate 315
analizzare (A) analyze; test 34
ancorare (A) anchor, fasten 315
andare (E) go, travel; work; fit 35
angosciare (A) cause anguish to 71
animare (A) animate, liven up 315
annacquare (A) water; dilute 315
annaffiare (A) sprinkle, water 502
annebbiare (A) cloud, dim 502
annegare (A, E) drown; be drowned 36
annegarsi (E) drown oneself 36 [31]
annettere (A) annex, attach 120
annientare (A) annihilate 315
annodare (A) knot 315
annoiare (A) bore; annoy, bother 37
annoiarsi (E) get bored 37 [31]
annotare (A) annotate, note 315
annullare (A) annul; cancel 315
annunciare (A) announce; foretell 38
annuvolarsi (E) become cloudy 31
ansimare (A) pant, gasp 315
anteporre (A) put before; prefer 256
anticipare (A) anticipate, advance 315
appagare (A) gratify, satisfy 326
appaltare (A) give out on contract 315
apparecchiare (A) set (the table); prepare 39
apparire (E) appear, seem; look 40
appartenere (A, E) belong (to); be a member (of) 41
appendere (A) hang (up) 472
appianare (A) level, flatten, smooth 315
applaudire (A) applaud; approve (of) 42
applaudirsi (E) applaud each other 42 [339]
applicare (A) apply, put/stick on 233
appoggiare (A) support; lay/lean against 43
appoggiarsi (E) lean against, rely on 43 [31]
apporre (A) affix 353
apportare (A) bring; yield 315
apprendere (A) learn, find out; hear 44
apprestare (A) get ready, prepare 315
apprezzare (A) appreciate, value 45
apprezzarsi (E) go up in value 45 [31]
approdare (A, E) land (at), reach 434
approfittare (A) take advantage (of) 315
approfondire (A) deepen; go into thoroughly 86
approntare (A) make ready 315
approvare (A) approve (of) 315
appuntare (A) pin (on); sharpen 315
aprire (A) open; start 46
aprirsi (E) open (up), confide 46 [339]
arare (A) plow 315
ardere (A, E) burn, scorch 47
arginare (A) dam, embank; check, stem 315
argomentare (A) infer, argue 315
armare (A) arm 315
armonizzare (A) harmonize; attune 315
arrabbiare (E) become rabid (of a dog); make angry 48
arrabbiarsi (E) get angry, fly into a rage 48 [31]
arrampicare (E) climb 233
arrangiare (A) arrange; improvise 49
arrangiarsi (E) get by/along, manage 49 [31]
arredare (A) furnish 50
arrendersi (E) surrender 397 [16]
arrestare (A) stop, halt; arrest 51
arrestarsi (E) stop, come to a halt 51 [31]
arretrare (A, E) withdraw; pull back 434
arricchirsi (E) become rich 478 [339]
arrischiare (A) risk, venture 502
arrivare (E) arrive, come (to), reach 52
arrossare (A, E) redden 434
arrossarsi (E) turn red 31
arrossire (E) blush; flush 53
arrostire (A) roast, grill 86
arrotolare (A) roll up 315
arrugginire (A, E) rust 218
articolare (A) articulate; pronounce distinctly 315
ascendere (E) ascend, go up, climb 443
asciugare (A) dry 326
asciugarsi (E) dry oneself 326 [31]
ascoltare (A) listen (to), pay attention (to) 54
ascrivere (A) ascribe, count, attribute 452
asfaltare (A) asphalt 315
asfissiare (A, E) suffocate; stifle 83
aspettare (A) wait for, expect 55
aspettarsi (E) expect, be prepared for 55 [31]
aspirare (A) inhale; aspire 315
asportare (A) remove, take away 315
assaggiare (A) try, taste 56
assalire (A) assault, attack 433
assassinare (A) murder 315
assediare (A) besiege 502
assegnare (A) assign; allocate; award 315
assentarsi (E) excuse oneself; leave 31
assentire (A) assent, agree 459
asservire (A) enslave; subdue 459
assestare (A) settle; arrange; adjust 315
assicurare (A) assure, ensure, secure 315
assimilare (A) assimilate 315
assistere (A) attend, be present (at); assist 57
associare (A) associate 71
assolvere (A) absolve; perform (a task) 423
assomigliare (A, E) resemble, look like 58
assomigliarsi (E) resemble each other 58 [31]
assopirsi (E) doze 478 [339]
assorbire (A) absorb, soak (up) 304
assordare (A) deafen 315
assortire (A) stock; sort 86
assuefarsi (E) accustom oneself, become accustomed 211 [31]
assumere (A) assume; take on; hire 59
assumersi (E) accept; take upon oneself 59 [16]
astenersi (E) abstain 516 [16]
astrarre (A) abstract; disregard 526
astringere (A) constrain 501
attaccare (A) attack; attach 233
attendere (A) wait for; attend (to) 60
attendersi (E) dedicate oneself (to); expect 60 [16]
attenere (E) concern, regard 516
attenersi (E) hold on, conform, stick to 516 [16]
attenuare (A) tone down; minimize 315
atterrare (A, E) land; knock down 61
atterrarsi (E) adhere to 61 [31]
attestare (A) attest, certify; testify 315
attirare (A) attract, entice 315
attrarre (A) attract, appeal to 62
attrarsi (E) attract each other 62 [31]
attraversare (A) cross, go through/across 63
attrezzare (A) equip; get ready 315
attribuire (A) attribute; assign, award 64
attribuirsi (E) lay claim to 64 [339]
attuare (A) carry out; accomplish 315
augurare (A) wish (well); predict 315
aumentare (A, E) increase, raise; rise 65
auspicare (A) wish; augur 233
autenticare (A) authenticate 233
autorizzare (A) authorize, permit 315
avanzare (A, E) advance; promote 434
avere (A) have, own; hold 66
avvantaggiarsi (E) gain an advantage 302 [31]
avvelenare (A) poison; embitter 315
avvenire (E) happen, occur 67
avvertire (A) inform; warn; feel 68
avviare (A) lead, direct; start (up) 69
avviarsi (E) set out (for); be about (to) 69 [31]
avvicinare (A) bring near (to); approach 70
avvicinarsi (E) approach; be similar (to) 70 [31]
avvilirsi (E) lose heart 86 [339]
avvisare (A) inform, let know 315
avvistare (A) sight 315
avvitare (A) screw in 315
avvolgere (A) envelop, wrap (up) 554
azzardare (A) hazard, risk 315
azzeccare (A) hit; guess right 233
B
baciare (A) kiss 71
baciarsi (E) kiss each other 71 [31]
badare (A) look after, take care 315
bagnare (A) wet; dip; soak 315
balbettare (A) stutter 315
ballare (A) dance; wobble; shake 72
balzare (E) leap up; bounce 180
bandire (A) banish, proclaim 86
barattare (A) exchange; barter 315
barbugliare (A) mumble 502
barricare (A) barricade 233
bastare (E) be enough; last; need only 73
bastonare (A) beat, cane, thrash 315
battagliare (A) battle, fight 502
battere (A) strike, beat 404
battezzare (A) baptize 315
beccare (A) peck; catch 233
beffare (A) deride, mock 315
beffarsi (E) mock 31
beffeggiare (A) jeer at, taunt 302
belare (A) bleat 315
bendare (A) bandage, blindfold 315
benedire (A) bless 170
beneficiare (A) benefit; take advantage 71
bere (A) drink; swallow 74
bersagliare (A) bombard 502
bestemmiare (A) swear, curse, blaspheme 502
biasimare (A) blame; reproach 315
bisbigliare (A) whisper 502
bisognare (E) be necessary; must 75
bisticciare (A) bicker, quarrel 71
bivaccare (A) bivouac 233
blandire (A) flatter, soothe 86
blindare (A) armor, reinforce 315
bloccare (A) block, stop 233
bocciare (A) reject, fail 71
boicottare (A) boycott; sabotage 315
bollire (A) (come to a) boil; feel hot 76
bombardare (A) bomb 315
bonificare (A) reclaim (land), improve 233
borbottare (A) grumble, mumble; rumble 315
bramare (A) long for, desire 315
brandire (A) brandish 86
brillare (A) shine, sparkle, glitter 77
brinare (A, E) frost (over) 434
brindare (A) (make/drink a) toast 78
brontolare (A) grumble 315
bruciacchiare (A) scorch; sear 502
bruciare (A, E) burn; be very hot; sting 79
bruciarsi (E) burn oneself, burn out 79 [31]
bucare (A) make a hole in, pierce 233
burlare (A) mock, make a fool of 315
bussare (A) knock 315
buttare (A) throw; pour; waste 80
buttarsi (E) jump (into); throw oneself (into) 80 [31]
C
cacciare (A) hunt; expel 71
cadere (E) fall (down), collapse 81
calare (A, E) lower; descend 434
calciare (A) kick 71
calcificare (A) calcify 233
calcolare (A) calculate, reckon 315
calibrare (A) gauge 315
calmare (A) calm (down); soothe 82
calmarsi (E) calm down, grow calm; subside 82 [31]
calpestare (A) trample on, crush 315
calunniare (A) slander 502
cambiare (A, E) change, modify, alter 83
cambiarsi (E) change, be transformed 83 [31]
camminare (A) walk, tramp; function 84
campare (E) live, get by 180
campeggiare (A) encamp 302
cancellare (A) cancel, rub out 315
cantare (A) sing; chirp, crow 85
canzonare (A) make fun of, tease, mock 315
capire (A) understand, realize, grasp 86
capirsi (E) understand each other 86 [339]
capitare (E) happen; arise; arrive 87
capitolare (A) surrender 315
capovolgere (A) overturn, turn over 554
caratterizzare (A) characterize 315
carbonizzare (A) char 315
carezzare (A) caress 315
caricare (A) load (up) 233
cascare (E) fall 233
castigare (A) punish, chastise 326
catturare (A) capture 315
causare (A) cause 315
cautelare (A) protect, secure 315
cavalcare (A) ride (a horse) 233
cavare (A) take/draw out; get 88
cavarsela (E) manage, get by; get away with 88 [31]
cavarsi (E) satisfy, quench; take off 88 [31]
cedere (A) give in, surrender 113
celare (A) conceal 315
celebrare (A) celebrate, observe 89
cenare (A) have dinner, dine 90
censurare (A) censor 315
centrare (A) hit the mark 315
cercare (A) look/search for; try (to) 91
certificare (A) certify 233
cessare (A, E) cease, stop; give up 434
chiacchierare (A) chat; gossip 92
chiamare (A) call (out), name; phone; send for 93
chiamarsi (E) be called/named 93 [31]
chiarificare (A) clarify 233
chiarire (A) clarify, make clear 86
chiedere (A) ask (for/about), request 94
chinare (A) bow; bend, lower 315
chiudere (A) close/shut (down); turn off; seal 95
chiudersi (E) shut oneself up; close 95 [16]
ciarlare (A) chatter 315
cicatrizzare (A) form a scar; heal 315
cifrare (A) cipher, encode 315
cigolare (A) creak 315
cingere (A) surround, encircle; gird, put/tie around 96
circolare (A, E) circulate 434
circondare (A) surround; enclose, fence (in) 97
circondurre (A) lead around 371
circoscrivere (A) circumscribe, confine 452
citare (A) mention; cite; summon 315
civettare (A) flirt 315
civilizzare (A) civilize 315
classificare (A) classify 233
coccolare (A) cuddle, pet 315
codificare (A) codify 233
coesistere (E) coexist 202
cogliere (A) gather; grasp, take, pluck 98
coincidere (A) coincide; correspond 99
coinvolgere (A) involve; implicate 100
collaborare (A) collaborate; contribute 101
collegare (A) connect, link, unite 326
collezionare (A) collect 315
collocare (A) place, set; arrange 233
colorare (A) color 315
colorire (A) color, paint; enliven 86
colpire (A) hit, strike; affect 102
coltivare (A) cultivate, grow 315
comandare (A) command 315
combattere (A) fight, struggle, contend (with) 103
combattersi (E) fight each other 103 [16]
combinare (A) combine; arrange; agree 104
combinarsi (E) be compatible; fit (in) 104 [31]
cominciare (A, E) begin, start 105
commemorare (A) commemorate 315
commentare (A) comment on; expound 315
commerciare (A) deal, trade 71
commettere (A) commit; commission 106
commiserare (A) commiserate with, pity 315
commuovere (A) touch, move, affect 107
commuoversi (E) be touched (by) 107 [16]
comparire (E) appear, come out 108
compatire (A) pity, be sorry (for) 86
compensare (A) compensate; pay for 315
competere (NO COMPOUND TENSES) compete, vie 404
compiacersi (E) be pleased with; delight (in) 348 [16]
compiangere (A) feel sorry for, sympathize with, pity 349
compiere (A) carry out; finish; turn/be (age) 109
compiersi (E) (come to an) end; come true 109 [16]
compilare (A) compile, fill in 315
completare (A) complete; supplement 315
complicare (A) complicate 233
complottare (A) plot, scheme, conspire 315
comporre (A) compose, put together; form 110
comporsi (E) consist (of); get hold of oneself 110 [16]
comportare (A) involve, require 315
comprare (A) buy, purchase; bribe 111
comprarsi (E) buy (for oneself) 111 [31]
comprendere (A) include, consist of; understand 112
comprendersi (E) understand each other 112 [16]
comprimere (A) compress 206
compromettere (A) compromise, jeopardize 305
comunicare (A) communicate 233
concedere (A) concede, allow; grant 113
concedersi (E) allow oneself; yield (to) 113 [16]
concentrare (A) concentrate 315
concepire (A) conceive, imagine 86
conciliare (A) reconcile 502
concludere (A) conclude, finish; achieve 114
concludersi (E) end (up) 114 [16]
concordare (A) agree 315
concorrere (A) concur; take part (in); compete 139
condannare (A) condemn, sentence 315
condensare (A) condense 315
condire (A) season, flavor, spice 115
condiscendere (A) comply (with) 443
condividere (A) share 116
condolersi (E) sympathize with 184 [16]
condurre (A) lead; manage, conduct 117
condursi (E) behave 117 [16]
confabulare (A) converse secretly 315
confederarsi (E) form a confederation 31
conferire (A) confer, award, grant 86
confermare (A) confirm 315
confessare (A) confess, admit 315
confezionare (A) wrap (up), package; tailor 118
confinare (A) border 315
confiscare (A) confiscate 233
confluire (A, E) join together 218
confondere (A) confuse, mix up; mistake 119
confondersi (E) mix; blur; become confused 119 [16]
confortare (A) comfort, console 315
congedare (A) discharge, give leave to, dismiss 315
congelare (A) freeze 315
congiungere (A) join, unite 22
congiurare (A) conspire 315
congratularsi (E) congratulate 31
coniare (A) coin, mint 502
coniugare (A) conjugate; combine 326
connettere (A) connect (with), join, link (to) 120
connettersi (E) be linked/connected 120 [16]
conoscere (A) know, be familiar with; meet 121
conoscersi (E) know oneself/each other; meet 121 [16]
conquistare (A) conquer; gain 315
consacrare (A) consecrate; ordain 315
consegnare (A) hand in/over, give, deliver 122
conseguire (A, E) achieve; obtain 123
consentire (A) agree; comply (with); allow 124
conservare (A) keep, save, preserve 125
conservarsi (E) keep; be well preserved 125 [31]
considerare (A) consider; examine; regard 126
considerarsi (E) consider oneself 126 [31]
consigliare (A) recommend, advise; urge 127
consigliarsi (E) seek advice, consult; confer 127 [31]
consistere (E) consist/be composed (of) 128
consolare (A) comfort 315
consolidare (A) consolidate 315
consultare (A) consult; examine 315
consumare (A) consume, use 315
contagiare (A) infect 302
contaminare (A) contaminate 315
contare (A) count; include; tell (a story); matter 129
contarsi (E) consider oneself 129 [31]
contemplare (A) gaze at, contemplate 315
contendere (A) contend; compete 208
contenere (A) contain, hold; curb 130
contenersi (E) control oneself; behave 130 [16]
contestare (A) contest, dispute 315
continuare (A, E) continue, carry on; go on 131
contorcere (A) contort, twist 521
contorcersi (E) twist oneself 521 [16]
contraddire (A) contradict 170
contraddistinguere (A) mark, characterize 175
contraffare (A) counterfeit, forge 211
contrarre (A) contract, enter into 526
contrassegnare (A) (ear)mark; label 315
contrastare (A) contrast; dispute 315
contravvenire (A) contravene 370
contribuire (A) contribute (to), cooperate; help (in) 132
controllare (A) check, inspect; control 133
convalidare (A) validate 315
convenire (A, E) agree (on), negotiate; gather; be better (for); be necessary
134
convenirsi (E) suit 134 [339]
convergere (E) converge 194
conversare (A) converse 315
convertire (A) convert, change (into) 135
convertirsi (E) convert; become 135 [339]
convincere (A) convince, persuade 136
convincersi (E) be convinced 136 [16]
convivere (A, E) live together, cohabit 551
convocare (A) assemble, convene 233
coordinare (A) coordinate 315
copiare (A) copy, imitate 502
coprire (A) cover, hide, conceal 137
coprirsi (E) be covered (in/with); wrap oneself up 137 [339]
corazzare (A) armor 315
coronare (A) crown 315
correggere (A) correct, rectify; grade 138
correggersi (E) correct oneself; get rid of 138 [16]
correre (A, E) run, hurry, travel 139
corrispondere (A) correspond (with); coincide 140
corroborare (A) corroborate 315
corrodere (A) corrode, eat away 430
corrodersi (E) corrode 430 [16]
corrompere (A) corrupt, bribe 431
corteggiare (A) court, woo 302
costare (E) cost; be worth; be expensive 141
costituire (A) constitute, set up 86
costringere (A) force, compel 142
costruire (A) build, construct; form 143
covare (A) brood; smolder 315
creare (A) create, produce; form 144
crearsi (E) create, make (for oneself) 144 [31]
credere (A) believe, think 145
credersi (E) consider oneself 145 [16]
cremare (A) cremate 315
crepare (E) die 180
crescere (A, E) grow (up); increase; raise, bring up 146
criticare (A) criticize 233
crollare (A, E) collapse, fall down 147
cucinare (A) cook, prepare 148
cucire (A) sew, stitch; suture 149
culminare (E) culminate 180
cumulare (A) amass, accumulate 315
cuocere (A, E) cook; be hot, burn 150
cuocersi (E) cook; be upset 150 [16]
curare (A) take care of, look after; treat 151
curarsi (E) care (about); take the trouble 151 [31]
curvare (A) bend 315
custodire (A) guard, preserve 86
D
dannare (A) damn 315
danneggiare (A) harm, damage 152
danneggiarsi (E) harm oneself 152 [31]
danzare (A) dance 315
dare (A) give; produce; perform 153
darsi (E) devote oneself to; take to 153 [31]
dattilografare (A) type 315
decadere (E) decline, decay 81
decapitare (A) decapitate, behead 315
decidere (A) decide; choose; resolve 154
decidersi (E) make up one’s mind 154 [16]
decifrare (A) decipher 315
decimare (A) decimate; destroy; ruin 315
decollare (A, E) take off (aircraft), lift off 155
decomporre (A) decompose 353
decorare (A) decorate 315
decretare (A) decree, order 315
decuplicare (A) multiply by ten 233
dedicare (A) dedicate 233
dedurre (A) deduce, infer 371
definire (A) define 86
deformare (A) deform, warp 315
degenerare (A) degenerate 315
degnarsi (E) deign, condescend 31
degustare (A) taste, sample 315
delegare (A) delegate 326
deliberare (A) deliberate, decide 315
delimitare (A) delimit 315
delineare (A) delineate, outline 315
deludere (A) disappoint; let (someone) down 114
demolire (A) demolish 86
denominare (A) name, call 315
denotare (A) denote 315
denunciare (A) denounce; report 71
depilare (A) depilate 315
deplorare (A) deplore 315
deporre (A) put down/aside, deposit; testify 156
deportare (A) deport 315
depositare (A) deposit, leave; store 157
depositarsi (E) settle (of dust) 157 [31]
deprecare (A) condemn, disapprove (of) 233
deprimere (A) depress; diminish 158
deprimersi (E) get depressed; sink 158 [16]
deputare (A) delegate 315
deridere (A) mock, deride 408
derivare (A, E) derive (from) 434
derubare (A) rob 315
descrivere (A) describe; relate; trace 159
desiderare (A) wish (for), want, desire 160
designare (A) designate, appoint 315
desinare (A) dine, have dinner 315
destare (A) wake, rouse 315
destinare (A) intend, assign 315
detenere (A) detain, hold, keep 516
detergere (A) clean, cleanse; wash 194
determinare (A) determine; fix 315
detestare (A) detest, hate 315
detrarre (A) deduct, belittle, take away (from) 526
dettagliare (A) detail 502
dettare (A) dictate; suggest, tell 315
devastare (A) devastate 315
deviare (A) deviate; diverge 445
devolvere (A) devolve; transfer 423
dialogare (A) converse, have a dialogue 326
dibattere (A) debate, discuss 404
dibattersi (E) struggle 404 [16]
dichiarare (A) declare, announce; appoint 161
dichiararsi (E) declare oneself 161 [31]
difendere (A) defend, protect; stand up for 162
difendersi (E) defend oneself (against); get by 162 [16]
diffamare (A) slander 315
differire (A) postpone; differ 86
diffidare (A) distrust; mistrust 315
diffondere (A) spread, circulate; broadcast 163
diffondersi (E) spread (out) 163 [16]
diffrangersi (E) to be diffracted 349 [16]
digerire (A) digest; work off; stomach 164
digiunare (A) fast 315
dilagare (A) flood, spread 326
dilapidare (A) squander 315
dilatare (A) dilate, open; extend 315
dilettare (A) delight, please 315
diluire (A) dilute, thin down 86
diluviare (A, E) deluge, pour (rain), shower 83
dimagrire (E) lose weight; make look thinner 165
dimenticare (A) forget, overlook 166
dimenticarsi (E) forget (about) 166 [31]
dimettere (A) dismiss, discharge 305
dimettersi (E) resign 305 [16]
dimezzare (A) halve 315
diminuire (A, E) decrease; go down, lower 167
dimorare (A) reside; stay 315
dimostrare (A) demonstrate, show 315
dipendere (E) depend (on); be answerable (to) 168
dipingere (A) paint; portray, depict 169
dipingersi (E) show, be the picture of 169 [16]
dire (A) say, tell, speak; mean 170
dirigere (A) manage, direct, conduct 171
dirigersi (E) make one’s way (to) 171 [16]
dirottare (A) divert, hijack 315
dirsi (E) tell oneself/each other 170 [339]
disapprovare (A) disapprove 315
disarmare (A) disarm 315
discendere (E) descend, go/come down 443
disciogliere (A) dissolve 446
disciplinare (A) discipline; regulate 315
discolpare (A) exculpate 315
discoprire (A) discover, find out 451
discordare (A) disagree, clash 315
discorrere (A) talk, discuss 139
discriminare (A) discriminate 315
discutere (A) discuss, debate; argue 172
disdire (A) be unbecoming; cancel, retract 170
disegnare (A) draw, sketch; describe 173
disertare (A) abandon, desert 315
disfare (A) undo, unpack; destroy 174
disfarsi (E) come undone; fall to pieces 174 [31]
disgustare (A) disgust, sicken 315
disilludere (A) disenchant 114
disinfettare (A) disinfect 315
disintegrare (A) cause to disintegrate 315
disintegrarsi (E) disintegrate 31
disinteressarsi (E) lose interest 31
disinvestire (A) stop investing 283
disonorare (A) dishonor, disgrace 315
disorientare (A) disorient 315
dispensare (A) exempt; distribute 315
disperare (A) despair 315
disperdere (A) disperse, scatter; dispel 340
dispiacere (E) displease, be sorry, regret 348
disprezzare (A) despise 315
disputare (A) dispute, contest; discuss 315
disseccare (A) parch 233
dissetare (A) quench the thirst of 315
dissimulare (A) hide; dissemble 315
dissipare (A) dissipate; squander 315
dissociare (A) dissociate 71
dissolvere (A) dissolve, separate 423
dissuadere (A) dissuade 344
distaccare (A) detach 233
distendere (A) extend, spread out, stretch 497
distinguere (A) distinguish, differentiate 175
distinguersi (E) distinguish oneself 175 [16]
distorcere (A) twist, distort 521
distrarre (A) distract, divert; amuse 176
distrarsi (E) let one’s mind wander 176 [31]
distribuire (A) distribute; assign; hand out 86
distruggere (A) destroy, ruin, wreck 177
distruggersi (E) wear oneself out; ruin 177 [16]
disturbare (A) disturb, trouble, bother 178
disturbarsi (E) take the trouble, put oneself out 178 [31]
disubbidire (A) disobey 86
divagare (A) digress, amuse 326
divenire (E) become 179
diventare (E) become; grow (into); change (into) 180
divergere (no compound tenses) diverge 194
divertire (A) amuse, entertain 181
divertirsi (E) enjoy oneself, have fun 181 [339]
dividere (A) divide, split (up); share 182
dividersi (E) split up (into); separate 182 [16]
divorziare (A) get divorced 183
divulgare (A) divulge, spread; disclose 326
dolcificare (A) sweeten 233
dolere (E) hurt, ache; regret 184
dolersi (E) complain; be sorry (about) 184 [16]
domandare (A) ask (for), inquire (about) 185
domandarsi (E) wonder 185 [31]
domare (A) tame; subdue 315
donare (A) give, donate; suit 186
dondolare (A) swing, dangle; rock 315
doppiare (A) dub 502
dormire (A) sleep, be asleep; spend the night 187
dosare (A) measure out, dose 315
dovere (A, E) have to, must; be likely (to); owe 188
drogare (A) drug, dope 326
dubitare (A) doubt, be unsure; distrust 189
duplicare (A) duplicate 233
durare (A, E) last, persist, keep (on) 190
E
eccitare (A) excite, stir up 315
echeggiare (A, E) echo 289
eclissare (A) eclipse 315
economizzare (A) save, economize 191
edificare (A) build; edify 233
educare (A) bring up; educate, cultivate 233
effettuare (A) effect, carry out 315
elargire (A) lavish; bestow freely 86
eleggere (A) elect; choose, appoint 192
elemosinare (A) beg (for), entreat 315
elencare (A) list, enumerate 193
elettrificare (A) electrify 233
elevare (A) elevate, raise 315
elidere (A) elide, neutralize 408
eliminare (A) eliminate 315
eludere (A) elude; evade 114
emancipare (A) emancipate 315
emendare (A) amend; correct 315
emergere (E) surface, emerge; stand out 194
emettere (A) emit, give off/out 305
emigrare (A (RARELY), E) emigrate; migrate 195
emulare (A) emulate; try to match 315
entrare (E) enter, go in; fit 196
enumerare (A) enumerate 315
enunciare (A) enunciate, express 71
equivalere (A, E) be equivalent (to) 540
ereditare (A) inherit 315
erigere (A) erect; build; put up 171
erodere (A) erode 430
erompere (A) burst out, break out 431
errare (A) wander; be wrong, err 315
erudire (A) educate 86
esagerare (A) exaggerate; overdo 197
esalare (A) exhale, give off 315
esaltare (A) exalt; praise 315
esaminare (A) examine, study; test 198
esasperare (A) exasperate, aggravate 315
esaudire (A) grant; fulfill 86
esaurire (A) use up, exhaust; wear out 199
esaurirsi (E) run out; be sold out 199 [339]
esclamare (A) exclaim, cry out 315
escludere (A) exclude 114
eseguire (A) carry out, execute 304
esentare (A) exempt 315
esibire (A) exhibit, display, present 200
esibirsi (E) perform; show off 200 [339]
esigere (A) demand, require 201
esiliare (A) exile, banish 502
esistere (E) exist, be (in existence); live 202
esitare (A) hesitate, waver; falter 203
esonerare (A) exonerate, excuse from 315
esordire (A) make one’s debut 86
esortare (A) exhort, urge 315
espellere (A) expel, discharge 204
espirare (A) exhale 315
esplicare (A) carry on, perform 233
esplodere (A, E) explode, blow up; fire 205
esplorare (A) explore; examine 315
esporre (A) display, exhibit, expose 353
esportare (A) export 315
esprimere (A) express, voice 206
esprimersi (E) express oneself 206 [16]
espungere (A) delete, remove; expunge 22
essere (E) be; exist 207
estendere (A) extend, expand, enlarge 208
estendersi (E) spread, stretch 208 [16]
estinguere (A) extinguish 175
estrarre (A) extract; draw/pull out 526
esultare (A) exult, rejoice 315
evacuare (A) evacuate 315
evadere (A, E) evade, escape 388
evaporare (A, E) evaporate 434
evincere (A) deduce, infer 549
evitare (A) avoid, evade; refrain (from) 209
evitarsi (E) avoid each other 209 [31]
evolvere (A [PAST PARTICIPLE evoluto]) evolve, develop 423
F
fabbricare (A) manufacture, build 233
facilitare (A) facilitate 315
fallire (A, E) fail; miss; go bankrupt 210
falsificare (A) forge, falsify 233
fantasticare (A) fantasize, daydream 233
fare (A) do, make; act (like); perform 211
farsi (E) become; acquire; get 211 [31]
fasciare (A) bandage; bind (up) 71
fatturare (A) invoice, bill 315
favorire (A) favor; support 86
ferire (A) injure, wound; hurt 212
ferirsi (E) hurt oneself 212 [339]
fermare (A) stop, halt; interrupt 213
fermarsi (E) stop; stay; quit 213 [31]
festeggiare (A) celebrate, observe 214
fidanzare (A) give in marriage (to) 215
fidanzarsi (E) become engaged 215 [31]
fidarsi (E) trust; confide (in) 31
figurare (A) figure, depict; symbolize 216
figurarsi (E) imagine; suppose 216 [31]
filare (A) spin, run off 315
filtrare (A) filter, screen; strain 315
fingere (A) pretend, feign; imagine 217
fingersi (E) pretend to be 217 [16]
finire (A, E) finish, end, complete 218
fiorire (E) flower, bloom 478
firmare (A) sign, ratify 219
fischiare (A) whistle; boo, hiss 220
fissare (A) gaze at; fasten; book 221
fissarsi (E) stare (at); be obsessed (with) 221 [31]
fluttuare (A) fluctuate, rise and fall 315
folgorare (A) flash, strike (of lightning) 315
fondare (A) establish, found 315
fondere (A) melt, blend, fuse 222
fondersi (E) melt; merge 222 [16]
forare (A) perforate; pierce; punch 315
formare (A) form, make 315
formulare (A) formulate 315
fornire (A) supply, furnish; give 86
fortificare (A) fortify 233
forzare (A) force, compel, constrain 315
fotografare (A) photograph 315
fraintendere (A) misunderstand, misinterpret 275
frammettere (A) insert; interpose 305
franare (E) slide (down/away), slip 180
frangere (A) break, crash 349
frantumare (A) shatter 315
fraternizzare (A) fraternize, make friends 315
fregare (A) rub; cheat 326
fremere (A) quiver, tremble; throb 404
frenare (A) brake; slow down 223
frenarsi (E) restrain oneself 223 [31]
frequentare (A) attend, go to; frequent 224
frequentarsi (E) see each other 224 [31]
friggere (A) fry, sizzle; seethe 225
frizzare (A) tingle, sparkle 315
frodare (A) defraud 315
frugare (A) search (in), rummage 326
frullare (A) whisk, blend 315
frusciare (A) rustle 71
fruttare (A) produce, yield 315
fucilare (A) shoot 315
fuggire (A, E) run away, flee; avoid 226
fulminare (A) strike, electrocute 315
fumare (A) smoke; give off smoke/steam 227
fungere (A) act (as), serve (as) 22
funzionare (A) function, work, run 228
fustigare (A) flog, lash 326
G
galleggiare (A) float, keep afloat 302
galoppare (A) gallop 315
garantire (A) guarantee, assure 229
garantirsi (E) obtain guarantees 229 [339]
garrire (A) chirp, twitter; flap 86
gelare (A, E) freeze 434
gemere (A) moan, lament 404
generalizzare (A) generalize; spread 230
generare (A) generate; produce 315
germogliare (A, E) bud, sprout 83
gesticolare (A) gesticulate 315
gestire (A) manage, run 231
gettare (A) throw/cast away 232
gettarsi (E) throw oneself into/under 232 [31]
ghiacciare (A, E) ice; freeze 79
giacere (A, E) lie (down) 348
gingillarsi (E) dawdle 31
giocare (A) play; matter; gamble 233
gioire (A) rejoice; be glad 86
girare (A, E) turn, spin; tour 234
girarsi (E) turn around/over 234 [31]
girellare (A) stroll, wander, saunter 315
girovagare (A) wander (about) 326
giudicare (A) judge; consider 235
giungere (A, E) arrive (at), reach; join 236
giurare (A) swear; pledge, vow 237
giustificare (A) justify 233
giustiziare (A) execute, put to death 502
glorificare (A) glorify 233
gocciolare (A, E) drip, trickle 434
godere (A) enjoy, be delighted (at/with) 238
godersi (E) enjoy; have a good time 238 [16]
gonfiare (A) swell, inflate 502
governare (A) govern, rule 239
governarsi (E) govern/control oneself 239 [31]
gradire (A) like; welcome, be pleased with 86
graffiare (A) scratch 502
grandeggiare (A) tower (over) 302
grandinare (E) hail 180
gratificare (A) gratify, reward 233
grattare (A) scratch; scrape 315
grattugiare (A) grate 302
gravare (A, E) weigh (heavy) (on); lie; burden 434
gravitare (A, E) gravitate 434
graziare (A) pardon; grant 502
gridare (A) shout, yell, scream 240
guadagnare (A) earn, make (money); gain 241
guadagnarsi (E) earn; win 241 [31]
guardare (A) look at/out/up; take care (of) 242
guardarsi (E) look at oneself/each other 242 [31]
guarire (A, E) cure, heal; restore 243
guastare (A) spoil; damage; ruin 315
guidare (A) lead, guide; drive 244
gustare (A) taste; savor 245
I
idealizzare (A) idealize 315
ideare (A) think up, devise; plan 315
identificare (A) identify 246
identificarsi (E) identify (oneself) (with) 246 [31]
ignorare (A) not to know; ignore 315
illudere (A) deceive, fool 114
illuminare (A) light, illuminate 315
illustrare (A) illustrate 247
imballare (A) package 315
imbandire (A) lay, set (up); prepare 86
imbarazzare (A) embarrass; hamper, block 315
imbarcare (A) board; take on board; load 248
imbarcarsi (E) embark (on); engage in 248 [31]
imbastire (A) baste; sketch 86
imbattersi (E) run/bump into; run up (against) 404 [16]
imbeccare (A) feed, prompt 233
imbiancare (A) whiten 233
imboccare (A) feed; enter, turn into 233
imbottigliare (A) bottle 502
imbrogliare (A) muddle, cheat 502
imbrunire (E) become dark 478
imbucare (A) mail; put (in a hole) 249
imbucarsi (E) hide; crash (a party) 249 [31]
imitare (A) imitate; copy; ape 315
immaginare (A) imagine; suppose; guess 250
immaginarsi (E) picture (oneself); expect 250 [31]
immatricolare (A) enroll; register 315
immedesimarsi (E) identify (with) 31
immergere (A) immerse; dip; plunge 194
immigrare (E) immigrate 251
immischiare (A) involve, implicate 502
immischiarsi (E) meddle 502 [31]
impadronirsi (E) take possession, seize; steal 478 [339]
impallidire (E) turn pale, blanch 478
imparare (A) learn; memorize 252
imparentarsi (E) become related (to) 31
impartire (A) impart; give 86
impaurire (A) frighten 86
impaurirsi (E) be frightened 86 [339]
impazzire (A, E) go crazy/mad; go haywire 218
impedire (A) prevent (from); obstruct 253
impegnare (A) pawn; pledge; keep busy 254
impegnarsi (E) commit/devote oneself (to) 254 [31]
impensierire (A) worry, cause anxiety 86
imperare (A) reign 315
impersonare (A) personify 315
imperversare (A) rage; storm; act cruelly 315
impiantare (A) establish 315
impicciare (A) be in the way, be a nuisance 71
impiegare (A) employ, use 255
impiegarsi (E) get a job 255 [31]
impigliare (A) entangle, entrap, ensnare 502
impigliarsi (E) become entangled 502 [31]
impigrire (A, E) make/grow lazy 218
implicare (A) imply, involve, implicate 233
impolverarsi (E) get dusty 31
imporre (A) impose (on); oblige 256
imporsi (E) assert oneself; stand out 256 [339]
importare (A) import; matter 315
impostare (A) mail; organize, plan 257
impostarsi (E) take up a position 257 [31]
imprecare (A) curse, imprecate 233
impregnare (A) impregnate; soak, saturate 315
impressionare (A) upset, impress 315
imprigionare (A) imprison 315
imprimere (A) imprint, impress; mark 206
improvvisare (A) improvise 315
impugnare (A) grip, grasp 315
imputare (A) charge; ascribe, attribute 315
imputridire (E) rot 478
inacidire (A, E) embitter, turn sour 218
inaridire (A, E) dry up 218
inasprire (A) sour, embitter, exacerbate 86
inaugurare (A) inaugurate 315
incanalare (A) channel 315
incantare (A) charm, enchant 315
incantarsi (E) jam, be spellbound 31
incarcerare (A) imprison 315
incaricare (A) charge, entrust 233
incartare (A) wrap 315
incassare (A) cash (a check); pack (up) 258
incassarsi (E) be enclosed by 258 [31]
incatenare (A) chain (up) 315
incavare (A) hollow out, scoop out 315
incendiare (A) set on fire, set fire to 502
incendiarsi (E) catch fire 502 [31]
incenerire (A) incinerate 86
inchinare (A) bend, bow 315
inchiodare (A) nail 315
incidere (A) cut into, carve 259
incidersi (E) be engraved in/on 259 [16]
incitare (A) incite, instigate, urge 315
inclinare (A) tilt, incline 315
includere (A) include, comprise; enclose 260
incollare (A) stick, paste, glue 315
incolpare (A) accuse, blame 315
incominciare (A, E) begin, start, commence 79
incomodare (A) inconvenience, disturb 315
incontrare (A, E) meet, run into, encounter 261
incontrarsi (E) meet up, run into each other 261 [31]
incoraggiare (A) encourage 302
incoronare (A) crown 315
incorporare (A) incorporate, mix with 315
incorrere (E) run into 139
incretinire (E) become an idiot 478
incriminare (A) incriminate 315
incrociare (A) cross, cut across 71
incuriosire (A) make curious 86
indagare (A) investigate, inquire (into) 326
indebitare (A) involve in debt 315
indebolire (A) weaken 86
indennizzare (A) indemnify 315
indicare (A) indicate, show; point to/at/out 233
indignare (A) arouse (someone’s) indignation 173
indignarsi (E) become indignant 173 [31]
indirizzare (A) address; direct; send 315
individuare (A) identify 315
indorare (A) gild 315
indossare (A) wear; put on; model 262
indovinare (A) predict; guess 263
indurre (A) induce, lead, persuade 371
inebriare (A) intoxicate, inebriate 502
inebriarsi (E) become drunk 502 [31]
infangare (A) cover with mud, muddy 326
infarinare (A) flour 315
infatuare (A) infatuate 315
inferire (A) deduce, infer 86
infestare (A) infest 315
infettare (A) infect, pollute 315
infiammare (A) set on fire, ignite; inflame 315
infilare (A) thread, insert 315
infliggere (A) inflict 225
influire (A) influence, have influence; affect 86
infondere (A) instill, infuse 222
inforcare (A) fork; mount, pile on 233
informare (A) inform, tell; form 264
informarsi (E) make inquiries; find out 264 [31]
infrangere (A) crush, shatter, violate 349
infreddarsi (E) catch a cold 31
infuriare (A, E) enrage, rage 502
infuriarsi (E) lose one’s temper 502 [31]
ingabbiare (A) put in a cage 502
ingaggiare (A) engage, hire 302
ingannare (A) deceive, cheat on 315
ingelosire (A, E) make/become jealous 218
ingentilire (A, E) refine; become refined 218
ingerire (A) ingest, swallow 86
ingessare (A) put in plaster 315
inghiottire (A) swallow (up), gulp (down) 265
ingombrare (A) encumber 315
ingozzare (A) stuff with food 315
ingranare (A) put into gear; engage 315
ingrandire (A) enlarge, increase 86
ingrassare (A, E) gain weight; fatten (up) 266
ingrassarsi (E) put on weight; get rich 266 [31]
ingrossare (A) enlarge 315
iniettare (A) inject 315
iniziare (A, E) begin; open; initiate 267
innaffiare (A) water, sprinkle 502
innamorare (A) charm; cause to fall in love 268
innamorarsi (E) fall in love (with) 268 [31]
innestare (A) graft; vaccinate 315
innovare (A) make changes to 315
inoculare (A) inoculate 315
inoltrarsi (E) advance, go forward, enter 31
inondare (A) flood 315
inorridire (A, E) horrify 218
inquadrare (A) frame; organize 315
inquietare (A) disturb, worry, alarm 315
inquinare (A) pollute; corrupt 269
inquisire (A) investigate 86
insanguinare (A) cover with blood 315
insaponare (A) soap, lather 315
inscenare (A) stage; put on the stage 315
insediare (A) install 502
insegnare (A) teach; show, point out 270
inseguire (A) pursue, chase 271
inserire (A) insert 86
insidiare (A) lay traps for, harass 502
insistere (A) insist (on); urge 272
insorgere (E) rise up, rebel; arise 273
insospettire (A) make suspicious 86
inspirare (A) inhale 315
installare (A) install 315
instaurare (A) establish, set up, found 315
insudiciare (A) soil, stain 71
insultare (A) insult 315
intascare (A) pocket 233
integrare (A) complete; supplement 274
integrarsi (E) become integrated/assimilated 274 [31]
intendere (A) intend; mean; understand 275
intendersi (E) agree (on); get along (with) 275 [16]
intensificare (A) intensify 233
intercettare (A) intercept 315
interdire (A) prohibit, forbid 170
interferire (A) interfere 86
interpellare (A) consult, question 315
interpretare (A) interpret; explain; act (in) 276
interrogare (A) question; search, test 277
interrompere (A) interrupt; break off; disconnect 278
interrompersi (E) stop; be cut off 278 [16]
intervenire (E) intervene; interfere 544
intervistare (A) interview 279
intestare (A) register, address 315
intiepidire (A, E) make/become tepid, warm up, cool down 218
intimidire (A) intimidate 86
intingere (A) dip, dunk 217
intitolare (A) entitle, name 315
intonare (A) tune up, match 315
intossicare (A) poison 233
intralciare (A) hinder, impede; obstruct 71
intramezzare (A) alternate; interpose 315
intraprendere (A) undertake 361
intrattenere (A) entertain, amuse 280
intrattenersi (E) stop; linger; dwell (on) 280 [16]
intricare (A) tangle 233
intrigare (A) entangle, intrigue 326
intristire (E) sadden, grow sad, wilt 478
introdurre (A) introduce; insert 281
introdursi (E) enter, get (into) 281 [16]
intromettersi (E) interfere, intrude 305 [16]
intrufolarsi (E) creep/sneak in 31
intuire (A) sense, realize, guess 86
invadere (A) invade; burst into; flood 282
invalidare (A) invalidate 315
invecchiare (E) grow old, age 48
inventare (A) invent, think up; cook up 315
invertire (A) invert 459
investigare (A) investigate 326
investire (A) invest; entrust; crash into 283
investirsi (E) assume; identify (oneself) (with) 283 [339]
inviare (A) send, transmit; dispatch 284
invidiare (A) envy 502
invigorire (A) invigorate; strengthen 86
invitare (A) invite; urge; ask 285
invitarsi (E) invite oneself 285 [31]
invocare (A) invoke, cry out for 233
invogliare (A) induce, tempt 502
inzuppare (A) soak, drench; dip 315
ipotecare (A) mortgage 233
ironizzare (A) be ironic about 315
irradiare (A) irradiate 502
irrigare (A) irrigate 326
irrigidire (A) stiffen 86
irritare (A) irritate, annoy; inflame 315
iscrivere (A) enroll, register; enter 286
iscriversi (E) enroll, register 286 [16]
ispezionare (A) inspect 315
ispirare (A) inspire 315
istigare (A) instigate, prompt; urge 326
istituire (A) institute, set up 86
istruire (A) instruct, educate; train 287
istruirsi (E) find out information 287 [339]
L
laccare (A) lacquer, varnish 233
lacrimare (A) water; weep 315
lagnarsi (E) moan, complain (about) 173 [31]
lamentare (A) lament, mourn 288
lamentarsi (E) complain (about); moan, groan 288 [31]
lampeggiare (A, E) flash; blink; be lightning 289
lanciare (A) throw, fling; launch 290
lanciarsi (E) throw oneself (into) 290 [31]
languire (A) languish 304
lasciare (A) leave (behind); let have; allow 291
lasciarsi (E) let oneself be; leave each other 291 [31]
lastricare (A) pave 233
laureare (A) confer a degree/sports title on 292
laurearsi (E) graduate, get a degree 292 [31]
lavare (A) wash; clean; purify 293
lavarsi (E) wash (oneself) 293 [31]
lavorare (A) work (on), labor; run, function 294
leccare (A) lick, lap (up) 233
legare (A) tie (up) 326
leggere (A) read 295
legittimare (A) legitimize 315
levare (A) lift (up); remove 296
levarsi (E) rise; take off 296 [31]
liberare (A) liberate, free 315
licenziare (A) fire, dismiss; graduate 297
licenziarsi (E) resign; graduate 297 [31]
limitare (A) limit; mark the bounds of 315
linciare (A) lynch 71
liquefare (A) liquefy, melt 211
lisciare (A) smooth, stroke 71
litigare (A) quarrel, argue; litigate 298
litigarsi (E) dispute, wrangle over 298 [31]
localizzare (A) locate 315
lodare (A) praise; commend 315
logorare (A) wear out 315
lottare (A) struggle, fight (against) 299
lubrificare (A) lubricate 233
lucidare (A) polish 315
lusingare (A) entice; flatter; deceive 326
lustrare (A) polish 315
M
macchiare (A) stain, spot 502
macchinare (A) plot, scheme 315
macellare (A) slaughter, butcher 315
macinare (A) grind 315
maggiorare (A) increase 315
magnificare (A) extol, glorify, exalt 233
maledire (A) curse 170
maltrattare (A) abuse, mistreat 315
mancare (A, E) be lacking/missing; fail; need 300
mandare (A) send (off/away/out) 301
mangiare (A) eat (away); squander 302
mangiarsi (E) eat up; squander 302 [31]
mangiucchiare (A) nibble 502
manifestare (A) manifest, show; reveal 315
manipolare (A) manipulate 315
manovrare (A) maneuver 315
mantenere (A) keep, maintain; support 303
mantenersi (E) remain; last; support oneself 303 [16]
marcare (A) mark; score; show 233
marciare (A) march 71
marcire (E) rot 478
marinare (A) pickle, marinate 315
mascherare (A) mask; disguise; hide 315
massacrare (A) massacre 315
masticare (A) chew; mumble 233
materializzare (A) materialize 315
matricolare (A) enroll, register 315
mediare (A) mediate 502
medicare (A) treat, dress (a wound) 233
meditare (A) meditate, ponder 315
mendicare (A) beg (for) 233
mentire (A) lie, tell a lie; fake 304
menzionare (A) mention 315
meritare (A) deserve 315
mescolare (A) mix; blend; stir; muddle 315
mettere (A) put, place, set; apply 305
mettersi (E) put oneself; put on 305 [16]
miagolare (A) meow 315
migliorare (A, E) improve, get better; make progress 306
migliorarsi (E) improve oneself 306 [31]
mimare (A) mime, mimic 315
minacciare (A) menace, threat 71
minimizzare (A) minimize 315
mirare (A) look/stare at; aim (at) 315
miscelare (A) mix; blend 315
mischiare (A) mingle 502
mistificare (A) mystify, fool 233
misurare (A) measure, gauge; estimate 307
misurarsi (E) try on; control oneself 307 [31]
mitigare (A) mitigate, lessen 326
mitragliare (A) machine-gun 502
modellare (A) model 315
moderare (A) moderate, check; control 315
modernizzare (A) modernize 315
modificare (A) modify; alter; change 233
molestare (A) molest; annoy 315
moltiplicare (A) multiply 233
montare (A, E) mount; assemble 434
moralizzare (A) moralize 315
mordere (A) bite (into); grip 47
mordicchiare (A) nibble 502
morire (E) die; fade; vanish 308
mormorare (A) murmur, whisper 315
morsicare (A) bite 233
mostrare (A) show, point out; demonstrate 309
mostrarsi (E) appear (to be); feign 309 [31]
mozzare (A) cut off; crop 315
muggire (A) moo, bellow 86
mugolare (A) howl, whine 315
multare (A) fine 315
munire (A) fortify, provide 86
muovere (A, E) move, advance 310
muoversi (E) hurry (up); take action 310 [16]
murare (A) wall up/in, brick in 315
N
narcotizzare (A) narcotize 315
narrare (A) narrate, tell 315
nascere (E) be born; arise 311
nascondere (A) hide, conceal 312
nascondersi (E) hide, be hidden 312 [16]
naufragare (A, E) be shipwrecked 36
nauseare (A) nauseate 315
navigare (A) navigate, sail 326
necessitare (A, E) need, necessitate 434
negare (A) deny; refuse 326
negoziare (A) negotiate 502
nevicare (A, E) snow 313
nidificare (A) nest 233
ninnare (A) sing a lullaby 315
nitrire (A) neigh 86
noleggiare (A) rent; rent out 314
nominare (A) nominate, name 315
normalizzare (A) normalize 315
notare (A) notice; note, write down 315
notificare (A) notify, serve; report 233
numerare (A) number; count 315
nuocere (A) harm, injure, damage 316
nuotare (A) swim; float 317
nutrire (A) feed, nourish 304
O
obbligare (A) oblige, force, require 318
obbligarsi (E) undertake; bind oneself 318 [31]
obiettare (A) object 315
occorrere (E) be needed; require; must 319
occupare (A) occupy 315
odiare (A) hate, detest 502
offendere (A) offend, insult; violate 320
offendersi (E) insult each other; take offense 320 [16]
offrire (A) offer; present; dedicate 321
offrirsi (E) volunteer; arise 321 [339]
offuscare (A) dim, darken 233
oltraggiare (A) outrage, insult 302
ombreggiare (A) shade 302
omettere (A) omit, leave out; skip 305
onerare (A) burden 315
onorare (A) honor 315
operare (A) do, perform, work; operate (on) 315
opporre (A) object to, oppose; refuse 322
opporsi (E) oppose, object (to) 322 [16]
opprimere (A) oppress; burden; weigh down 206
optare (A) opt for, decide on 315
ordinare (A) order, arrange, organize 323
ordinarsi (E) form; get in line 323 [31]
organizzare (A) organize 324
organizzarsi (E) get (oneself) organized 324 [31]
orientare (A) orient, position 315
originare (A) originate, give rise to, cause 315
ornare (A) adorn, decorate 315
osare (A) dare; attempt 315
oscillare (A) sway 315
oscurare (A) darken; black out; shade 315
ospitare (A) host, shelter, put up 315
osservare (A) observe 315
ossidare (A) oxidize 315
ossificare (A) ossify 233
ostacolare (A) obstruct; hamper 315
ostentare (A) display; flaunt 315
ostinarsi (E) insist obstinately, persist 31
ottenere (A) obtain, get; achieve 325
otturare (A) plug 315
ovviare (A) obviate, remedy 445
oziare (A) idle 502
P
pacificare (A) pacify, reconcile 233
padroneggiare (A) master 302
pagare (A) pay (for), buy; repay 326
pagarsi (E) pay; take a cut 326 [31]
palpeggiare (A) touch, feel, squeeze 302
palpitare (A) palpitate; throb 315
parafrasare (A) paraphrase 315
paragonare (A) compare (to/with) 327
paragonarsi (E) compare oneself (to/with) 327 [31]
paralizzare (A) paralyze 315
parare (A) decorate; save 315
parcheggiare (A) park 328
pareggiare (A) balance, make equal; draw 329
parere (E) seem, appear; sound like 330
parlare (A) speak, talk; address 331
parlarsi (E) speak to each other 331 [31]
parlottare (A) mutter 315
partecipare (A) participate/share (in); attend 332
parteggiare (A) side, take sides (with); back 302
partire (E) leave, depart, go away; start 333
partorire (A) give birth to 86
passare (A, E) pass/go by/through; spend (time) 334
passeggiare (A) talk a walk, stroll 335
pasticciare (A) make a mess of 71
pattinare (A) skate; skid 336
pazientare (A) have patience 315
peccare (A) sin, err 233
peggiorare (A, E) become/make worse 337
pelare (A) peel, pluck 315
pendere (A) hang (down); lean; slope 472
penetrare (A, E) penetrate 434
pennellare (A) brush, paint 315
pensare (A) think, believe; imagine 338
pensarsi (E) believe oneself (to be) 338 [31]
pentirsi (E) regret, repent (of) 339
penzolare (A) dangle 315
percepire (A) perceive 86
percorrere (A) travel, cover 139
percuotere (A) strike, hit, beat 453
perdere (A) lose; leak; miss; waste 340
perdersi (E) get lost; disappear 340 [16]
perdonare (A) forgive; pardon, excuse 341
perdurare (A, E) last 434
perfezionare (A) perfect 315
perforare (A) pierce; perforate; drill 315
perire (E) perish 478
permanere (E) remain 414
permettere (A) allow, permit; enable 342
pernottare (A) spend the night 343
perseverare (A) persevere 315
persistere (A) persist 57
personificare (A) personify 233
persuadere (A) convince, persuade 344
perturbare (A) perturb, upset 315
pervadere (A) pervade, permeate 388
pervenire (E) arrive (at), come (to) 345
pervertire (A) pervert 459
pesare (A) weigh; count, matter 346
pesarsi (E) weigh oneself 346 [31]
pescare (A) fish 233
pestare (A) beat, pound, crush 315
pettegolare (A) gossip, tattle 315
pettinare (A) comb 347
pettinarsi (E) comb one’s hair 347 [31]
piacere (E) be pleasing (to), be liked by 348
piagnucolare (A) whine, moan 315
piangere (A) cry, weep; grieve 349
pianificare (A) plan 233
piantare (A) plant, put in; abandon 350
piazzare (A) place 315
picchiare (A) hit, strike, beat 502
piegare (A) bend, fold 326
pigliare (A) get, take 502
piovere (A, E) rain (down), pour (in) 351
piovigginare (A, E) drizzle 434
pizzicare (A) pinch 233
placare (A) appease, placate, calm down 233
plagiare (A) plagiarize 302
plastificare (A) coat with plastic 233
poetare (A) write verse 315
poggiare (A) rest, be based 302
polarizzare (A) polarize 315
ponderare (A) ponder, consider 315
popolare (A) populate 315
popolarizzare (A) popularize 315
porgere (A) hold out, hand, present 352
porre (A) put (down), place; set out 353
porsi (E) sit down; set about 353 [16]
portare (A) carry, bring, take; wear 354
portarsi (E) move; carry; act 354 [31]
posare (A) lay, put (down); rest 315
posporre (A) postpone 353
possedere (A) possess, own, have 355
posteggiare (A) lie in wait, park (a car) 302
posticipare (A) defer, put off 315
postulare (A) state, assume, postulate 315
potere (A, E) be able to, can; may 356
pranzare (A) have lunch, dine 357
praticare (A) practice, play, engage in 358
preavvertire (A) forewarn 68
preavvisare (A) forewarn 315
precedere (A) precede, come/go before 113
precipitare (A, E) precipitate; hurry 434
precipitarsi (E) rush 31
precisare (A) state precisely, specify, clarify 315
precludere (A) preclude, bar 114
preconoscere (A) know in advance 121
precorrere (A, E) anticipate, outrun 139
predestinare (A) predestine 315
predicare (A) preach, lecture, proclaim 233
prediligere (A) prefer 171
predire (A) predict, foretell 170
predisporre (A) prepare 353
predominare (A) predominate 315
preesistere (E) preexist 202
preferire (A) prefer, like better 359
pregare (A) pray to, ask, beg 326
pregiare (A) esteem 302
pregiudicare (A) prejudice 233
prelevare (A) collect, take, pick up 360
preludere (A) herald; introduce 114
premere (A) press 404
premettere (A) state beforehand, put forward 305
premiare (A) reward 502
prendere (A) take, seize, get 361
prendersi (E) grab hold of (each other) 361 [16]
prenotare (A) reserve, book 362
preoccupare (A) worry, bother, trouble 363
preoccuparsi (E) be worried/anxious (about) 363 [31]
preordinare (A) prearrange 315
preparare (A) prepare, get ready; coach 364
prepararsi (E) get ready; train, study 364 [31]
preporre (A) put before 353
presagire (A) foresee 86
prescrivere (A) prescribe 452
presentare (A) present, show; propose 365
presentarsi (E) appear; introduce oneself 365 [31]
preservare (A) protect 315
presiedere (A) preside (over), chair 404
pressare (A) press 315
prestabilire (A) arrange in advance 86
prestare (A) lend, loan 366
prestarsi (E) be helpful (to); lend itself to 366 [31]
presumere (A) presume, imagine 59
presupporre (A) assume; presuppose 367
pretendere (A) demand; claim; pretend 368
prevalere (A, E) prevail 540
prevaricare (A) abuse one’s power 233
prevedere (A) predict; plan for 369
prevenire (A) prevent; warn; anticipate 370
preventivare (A) estimate 315
primeggiare (A) excel 302
privare (A) deprive; deny 315
privilegiare (A) favor 302
procedere (A, E) proceed, go on, advance 113, 504
processare (A) try (a legal case) 315
proclamare (A) proclaim, declare 315
procurare (A) procure, obtain, get 315
produrre (A) produce, manufacture; yield 371
prodursi (E) perform; occur 371 [16]
profferire (A) offer 86
profilare (A) outline; profile 315
profittare (A) profit 315
profondere (A) lavish; squander, waste 222
profumare (A) perfume; smell good 315
progettare (A) plan, design 315
programmare (A) program, plan, schedule 315
progredire (A, E) progress 218
proibire (A) forbid, prohibit; prevent 372
proiettare (A) project 315
proliferare (A) proliferate 315
prolungare (A) extend, prolong 373
prolungarsi (E) go on, extend 373 [31]
promettere (A) promise; give hope of 374
promettersi (E) become engaged 374 [16]
promulgare (A) promulgate 326
promuovere (A) promote, foster; advance 375
pronunciare (A) pronounce, utter 71
propagare (A) propagate 326
proporre (A) suggest, propose 376
proporsi (E) intend; put oneself forward (as) 376 [16]
propugnare (A) support 315
prorogare (A) postpone, delay, defer 326
prorompere (A) burst/break out 431
proscrivere (A) exile, banish; ban 377
proseguire (A, E) continue, carry on, pursue 457
prosperare (A) prosper, thrive 315
prostituire (A) prostitute 86
proteggere (A) protect, shelter, shield 378
proteggersi (E) protect oneself 378 [16]
protestare (A) protest 315
protrarre (A) protract, draw out; put off 526
provare (A) try, test; prove; feel 379
provarsi (E) try; compete 379 [31]
provenire (E) originate 544
provocare (A) provoke, cause 233
provvedere (A) provide (for); take care (of) 380
provvedersi (E) provide oneself (with) 380 [16]
prudere (NO COMPOUND TENSES) itch 404
pubblicare (A) publish, issue 381
pugnalare (A) stab 315
pulire (A) clean, polish; clear 382
pulirsi (E) clean (oneself) (up); wash 382 [339]
pulsare (A) pulsate, throb 315
pungere (A) prick, sting 22
punire (A) punish 383
puntare (A) point (at/to), aim; head (for) 384
punteggiare (A) punctuate 302
purgare (A) purge, purify, cleanse 326
purificare (A) purify, cleanse 233
putrefare (A) putrefy, rot 211
puzzare (A) stink, smell bad, reek 315
Q
qualificare (A) judge; define 233
quotare (A) quote, list 315
R
rabbrividire (E) shiver, shudder 478
racchiudere (A) enclose, contain 114
raccogliere (A) gather, pick up; harvest 385
raccogliersi (E) assemble, gather around 385 [16]
raccomandare (A) recommend; entrust (to); urge 386
raccomandarsi (E) commend oneself (to); beg 386 [31]
raccontare (A) tell (about), narrate 387
raccorciare (A) shorten 71
raccordare (A) connect, join, link 315
raddolcire (A) sweeten, soften 86
raddoppiare (A) double 502
raddrizzare (A) straighten; redress, correct 315
radere (A) shave (off); graze 388
radersi (E) shave (oneself) 388 [16]
radicare (E) take root, root 233
radunare (A) assemble 315
raffigurare (A) represent 315
raffinare (A) refine 315
rafforzare (A) reinforce, strengthen 315
raffreddare (A) cool (down) 315
raffreddarsi (E) catch a cold 31
raggiungere (A) reach, arrive; achieve 389
raggiustare (A) repair 315
raggruppare (A) group 315
ragionare (A) reason, think 315
rallegrare (A) cheer up 315
rallegrarsi (E) rejoice 31
rallentare (A, E) slow (down); lessen 390
rallentarsi (E) slow down 390 [31]
ramificare (A) branch out 233
rammaricarsi (E) regret 233 [31]
rammendare (A) mend, darn 315
rammentare (A) recall, remember; remind 315
rammentarsi (E) recall 31
rammollire (A) soften, make soft 86
rapare (A) shear 315
rapire (A) steal, kidnap, abduct 86
rapportare (A) compare 315
rappresentare (A) represent; symbolize; stage 391
rarefare (A) rarefy 211
rarefarsi (E) become rarefied 211 [31]
rasare (A) shave off 315
raschiare (A) scrape 502
rassegnare (A) resign; hand in 392
rassegnarsi (E) resign (oneself) (to) 392 [31]
rasserenare (A) brighten up, clear (up); cheer up 315
rassettare (A) tidy up 315
rassicurare (A) reassure 315
rassomigliare (A, E) be like, resemble; compare 83
rastrellare (A) rake 315
ratificare (A) ratify, confirm, approve 233
rattristare (A) sadden 315
rattristarsi (E) become sad 31
ravvedersi (E) reform 542 [16]
ravviare (A) tidy up, put in order 445
ravvicinare (A) reconcile 315
ravvolgere (A) wrap up, roll up 554
razionare (A) ration 315
reagire (A) react 86
realizzare (A) carry out, realize; accomplish 393
realizzarsi (E) come true; be fulfilled 393 [31]
recapitare (A) deliver 315
recare (A) bring; carry; bring about 233
recensire (A) review 86
recidere (A) cut (off), break off 408
recingere (A) enclose, surround 96
recitare (A) recite; act 394
reclinare (A) bow 315
reclutare (A) recruit, enlist, hire 315
recriminare (A) complain 315
recuperare (A) recuperate, recover 315
redigere (A) draft, write; compile 395
regalare (A) give as a present; give away 396
regalarsi (E) treat oneself (to) 396 [31]
reggere (A) hold up, support 295
registrare (A) record; enter; book 315
regnare (A) reign, rule 315
regolare (A) regulate 315
regolarizzare (A) regularize 315
regredire (E) regress 478
relegare (A) relegate, exile, banish 326
remare (A) row 315
remunerare (A) remunerate 315
rendere (A) give back; render; portray 397
rendersi (E) make oneself; become 397 [16]
reperire (A) find, trace 86
replicare (A) reply, answer; object; repeat 233
reprimere (A) repress 206
reputare (A) consider, deem 315
resistere (A) resist, withstand; stand; be resistant 57
respingere (A) reject, repel 217
respirare (A) breathe; inhale 398
restare (E) stay, remain; be left (over) 399
restaurare (A) restore 315
restituire (A) give back, return; restore 400
restringere (A) reduce, shrink 401
restringersi (E) get narrower; contract 401 [16]
resuscitare (A) resuscitate 315
retribuire (A) recompense; pay 86
rettificare (A) rectify, correct 233
revocare (A) recall, revoke 233
riabilitare (A) rehabilitate 315
riaccendere (A) relight 10
riaccompagnare (A) take back; reaccompany 14
riaccostare (A) approach again 315
riaffermare (A) reaffirm 315
riafferrare (A) grasp again 315
rialzare (A, E) lift again, raise 29
riammettere (A) readmit 32
riandare (E) go again, return 35
rianimare (A) resuscitate; cheer up 315
riapparire (E) reappear 40
riaprire (A) reopen 46
riarmare (A) rearm 315
riascoltare (A) listen to again 54
riassociare (A) associate again 71
riassumere (A) summarize; take up again 402
riattaccare (A) hang up; reattach 403
riattaccarsi (E) be reattached; adhere again 403 [31]
riattivare (A) reactivate, reopen 315
riavere (A) have again 66
riavvertire (A) warn again 68
riavvicinare (A) reapproach 70
ribadire (A) confirm, reaffirm; clinch 86
ribaltare (A, E) capsize 434
ribassare (A) lower 2
ribattere (A) beat again; clinch; refute 404
ribellare (A) revolt 315
ribellarsi (E) rebel 31
ribollire (A) boil, reboil, bubble 76
ricadere (E) fall again, relapse; fall back, lapse 81
ricalcitrare (A) kick, resist 315
ricamare (A) embroider 315
ricambiare (A) return, repay 83
ricapitolare (A) recapitulate 315
ricaricare (A) reload, refill 233
ricattare (A) blackmail 315
ricavare (A) deduce; obtain; extract; gain 88
ricercare (A) look for, search for 91
ricevere (A) receive; welcome 404
richiamare (A) recall 93
richiedere (A) request; require 405
richiudere (A) close again 95
ricollegare (A) reconnect, link again 326
ricollocare (A) replace 233
ricominciare (A, E) recommence, start again 105
ricomparire (E) reappear 108
ricompensare (A) reward 315
ricomporre (A) rewrite; recompose; reconstruct 110
ricomprare (A) buy back 111
riconciliare (A) reconcile 502
riconfermare (A) reconfirm 315
riconnettere (A) reconnect 120
riconoscere (A) recognize; acknowledge 406
riconoscersi (E) recognize oneself/each other 406 [16]
riconsacrare (A) reconsecrate 315
riconsegnare (A) redeliver; return, give back 122
riconvenire (A) reconvene 134
ricopiare (A) copy, recopy 502
ricoprire (A) cover, recover 137
ricordare (A) remember; remind 407
ricordarsi (E) remember 407 [31]
ricorrere (E) resort, recur 139
ricostruire (A) rebuild 143
ricoverare (A) shelter, hospitalize, admit 315
ricreare (A) recreate 144
ricucire (A) stitch, mend, sew again 149
ricuperare (A) recover, get back 315
ricusare (A) refuse; reject; deny 315
ridacchiare (A) giggle 502
ridare (A) give back 153
ridere (A) laugh (at), make fun (of) 408
ridersi (E) laugh (at) 408 [16]
ridestare (A) reawaken 315
ridire (A) repeat, say/tell again 170
ridurre (A) reduce, lessen, lower 409
ridursi (E) be reduced (to); dwindle 409 [16]
rieducare (A) reeducate 233
rieleggere (A) reelect 192
riemergere (E) reemerge 194
riempire (A) fill (up); fill out 410
riempirsi (E) fill (up) 410 [339]
rientrare (E) come/go back in; form part (of) 411
riesaminare (A) reexamine 198
riesplodere (A, E) reexplode 205
rievocare (A) recall, commemorate 233
rifare (A) do again, remake 211
riferire (A) report 86
rifinire (A) finish (off); finish again 218
rifiorire (E) flower again 478
rifiutare (A) refuse; turn down, reject 315
riflettere (A) reflect, think (about/over) 412
riflettersi (E) be reflected (in); have repercussions 412 [16]
rifluire (E) flow again, reflow 86
rifondere (A) refund; remelt 222
rifornire (A) supply 86
rifriggere (A) fry again 225
rifugiarsi (E) take shelter 302 [31]
rigare (A) rule (lines);score 326
rigenerare (A) regenerate 315
rigettare (A) throw again, vomit 232
rigirare (A) turn again 234
rigovernare (A) wash up, clear up 239
riguadagnare (A) regain 241
riguardare (A) look at again; regard, concern 242
rigurgitare (A) pour out 315
rilanciare (A) relaunch 290
rilasciare (A) leave again; release; grant 291
rilassare (A) relax; loosen 413
rilassarsi (E) relax; become slack 413 [31]
rilegare (A) bind (a book) 326
rileggere (A) read again, reread 295
rilevare (A) notice, point out 296
rimandare (A) return; put off, postpone 301
rimanere (E) remain; be left (behind/over) 414
rimarcare (A) remark, notice, observe 233
rimare (A) rhyme 315
rimbeccare (A) answer back, retort 233
rimbecillire (A, E) make/become stupid 218
rimbombare (A, E) resound; roar 434
rimborsare (A) reimburse 315
rimboscare (A) reforest 233
rimediare (A) remedy, scrape up 502
rimettere (A) put back, replace; return 305
rimodellare (A) remodel 315
rimodernare (A) renovate, modernize 315
rimontare (A, E) go up; reassemble; date back 434
rimorchiare (A) tow 502
rimordere (A) bite again, give remorse 47
rimpaginare (A) make up again 315
rimpagliare (A) cover with straw 502
rimpastare (A) knead again; mix again 315
rimpatriare (A, E) repatriate 83
rimpiangere (A) regret 349
rimpiazzare (A) replace 315
rimpossessarsi (E) take possession again 31
rimproverare (A) reproach; rebuke; scold 315
rimunerare (A) remunerate, reward 315
rimuovere (A) remove, eliminate 415
rimuoversi (E) remove oneself 415 [16]
rinascere (E) be born again, be reborn 311
rincasare (E) return home 180
rinchiudere (A) lock in, shut up 95
rincorrere (A) chase, run after 139
rincrescere (E) be regrettable (to); regret 416
rincrescersi (E) regret, be sorry 416 [16]
rincuorare (A) encourage; comfort 315
rinfacciare (A) reproach, throw back in (someone)’s face 71
rinfagottare (A) bundle up, wrap up 315
rinforzare (A) strengthen; reinforce; support 315
rinfrescare (A, E) refresh, cool off 300
ringhiare (A) growl 502
ringiovanire (A, E) rejuvenate 218
ringraziare (A) thank 417
rinnegare (A) disown; disavow; deny 326
rinnovare (A) renew 315
rinsaldare (A) consolidate, strengthen 315
rinsanire (E) recover one’s wits 478
rintracciare (A) trace, track down 71
rinunciare (A) give up, turn down; renounce 418
rinvenire (A, E) find again, recover; discover 134
rinverdire (A, E) grow green, revive 218
rinviare (A) defer, return, postpone 284
rinvigorire (A, E) reinvigorate 218
riordinare (A) rearrange, reorder, tidy up 323
riorganizzare (A) reorganize 324
riparare (A) repair 315
riparlare (A) speak again 331
ripartire (A, E) depart again; divide up 333
ripassare (A, E) review; cross/pass again 419
ripentirsi (E) repent again 339
ripercorrere (A) travel through again, go over again 139
ripercuotere (A) strike again, beat again 422
ripercuotersi (E) reverberate, affect 422 [16]
ripetere (A) repeat; recite 420
ripetersi (E) repeat oneself 420 [16]
ripiantare (A) replant 350
ripiegare (A) refold; retreat, fall back (on) 326
ripigliare (A) retake 502
riporre (A) put back again, put away, replace 353
riportare (A) bring back; report, relate 354
riposare (A) put back; rest 421
riposarsi (E) take a rest; relax 421 [31]
riprendere (A) take back, begin again, take up again 361
ripresentare (A) submit again 365
ripristinare (A) repair, restore 315
riprodurre (A) reproduce 371
ripromettere (A) promise again 374
ripromettersi (E) promise oneself; propose, intend 374 [16]
riproporre (A) propose again 353
riprovare (A) try again 379
ripudiare (A) repudiate; reject 502
ripugnare (A) disgust 315
ripulire (A) clean again; clean/tidy (up) 382
risalire (A, E) go back up 433
risaltare (A, E) project, stand out 434
riscaldare (A) warm up, heat 315
riscattare (A) redeem, ransom 315
riscendere (A, E) descend again, get down again 443
rischiare (A) risk, run the risk 502
risciacquare (A) rinse 315
riscontrare (A) check; notice; compare 315
riscoprire (A) rediscover 451
riscrivere (A) rewrite 452
riscuotere (A) collect; cash; win 422
riscuotersi (E) rouse oneself (from) 422 [16]
risedere (A, E) sit down again 455
risedersi (E) sit down again 455 [16]
risentire (A) feel again, feel the effects of, hear again 459
riservare (A) keep, reserve 315
riservire (A) serve again 461
risicare (A) risk 233
risiedere (A) reside; be based (on) 404
risolvere (A) solve; resolve 423
risolversi (E) turn out; clear up 423 [16]
risorgere (E) rise again; revive 273
risparmiare (A) save; spare 424
risparmiarsi (E) take care of oneself 424 [31]
rispecchiare (A) reflect, mirror 502
rispedire (A) send back 481
rispettare (A) respect 315
risplendere (A, E; RARE IN COMPOUND TENSES) shine 404
rispondere (A) answer, respond, reply (to) 425
rispuntare (A, E) reappear; grow/sprout again 434
rissare (A) fight; riot 315
ristabilire (A) reestablish 493
ristampare (A) reprint 494
ristrutturare (A) renovate 315
risultare (E) result; come/turn out 180
risuscitare (A) resuscitate, resurrect 315
risvegliarsi (E) wake up (again) 509 [31]
ritardare (A) delay; be late 315
ritenere (A) retain; deem, think 516
ritentare (A) reattempt 517
ritirare (A) throw again; withdraw 518
ritoccare (A) touch up 519
ritorcere (A) twist (again); throw back 521
ritornare (E) return, come/go back 426
ritrarre (A) portray; withdraw 526
ritrasmettere (A) retransmit 305
ritrovare (A) find (again); discover; get back 531
riunire (A) gather, collect; reunite 427
riunirsi (E) meet; be reunited 427 [339]
riuscire (E) succeed; manage 428
rivaleggiare (A) compete 302
rivalersi (E) make good (one’s losses) 540 [16]
rivalutare (A) revalue 315
rivedere (A) review, revise, see again 542
rivelare (A) reveal 315
rivendicare (A) claim 233
rivenire (E) come again/back, return 544
riverire (A) revere, respect 86
rivestire (A) cover, dress again, coat, line 546
rivincere (A) win back, win again 549
rivivere (E) revive, live again 551
rivolere (A) want back/again 553
rivolgere (A) turn (again/back/over) 429
rivolgersi (E) address; turn (toward) 429 [16]
rivoltare (A) turn again; disgust 315
rivoluzionare (A) revolutionize 315
rodere (A) gnaw (at); wear away 430
rodersi (E) gnaw; be consumed (with) 430 [16]
rombare (A) rumble, roar 315
rompere (A) break, smash 431
rompersi (E) break 431 [16]
ronzare (A) buzz 315
rosicchiare (A) gnaw, nibble, bite 502
rotolare (A, E) roll 434
rovesciare (A) overturn, knock over, spill 71
rovinare (A, E) ruin; collapse 434
rubacchiare (A) pilfer 502
rubare (A) steal, rob 432
rubarsi (E) argue (over); compete (for) 432 [31]
ruggire (A) roar 86
ruminare (A) ruminate; ponder 315
russare (A) snore 315
ruttare (A) belch 315
ruzzolare (A, E) roll over, tumble 434
S
saccheggiare (A) plunder, sack 302
sacrificare (A) sacrifice 233
salare (A) salt 315
saldare (A) join; settle 315
salire (A, E) go up, climb; increase 433
saltare (A, E) jump/leap (over); skip 434
salutare (A) greet, say hello/good-bye to 435
salutarsi (E) greet 435 [31]
salvaguardare (A) safeguard 315
salvare (A) save, rescue 315
sanare (A) cure, heal; put right 315
sancire (A) sanction 86
sanguinare (A) bleed 315
sanzionare (A) sanction 315
sapere (A) know (how [to]), can 436
saporire (A) flavor, season 86
saturare (A) saturate; (over)fill 315
saziare (A) satiate 502
sbadigliare (A) yawn 502
sbagliare (A) make a mistake (on), get wrong 437
sbagliarsi (E) be mistaken 437 [31]
sballare (A) unpack 72
sbalordire (A) shock, amaze, astonish 86
sbalzare (A) hurl, throw out, fling 315
sbandare (A) skid 315
sbandierare (A) wave 315
sbarcare (A, E) land, disembark 300
sbarrare (A) bar, block 315
sbattere (A) beat, whisk, slam 404
sbavare (A) dribble 315
sbiadire (A, E) fade 218
sbigottire (A, E) dismay; bewilder; stun 218
sbilanciare (A) unbalance 71
sbirciare (A) squint at, peep at, eye 71
sbloccare (A) unblock 233
sboccare (E) flow into, open into (a street) 233
sborsare (A) disburse, pay (out), spend 315
sbottonare (A) unbutton 315
sbriciolare (A) crumble 315
sbrigare (A) deal with, get through 438
sbrigarsi (E) hurry (up); deal with 438 [31]
sbrindellare (A) tear to shreds 315
sbucare (E) emerge, come out 233
sbuffare (A) pant; snort; fume 315
scacciare (A) chase off 71
scadere (E) decline; expire 439
scagliare (A) fling, throw 502
scalare (A) climb 315
scalciare (A) kick (out), lash out 71
scaldare (A) warm up 315
scambiare (A) exchange; mistake 502
scampare (A, E) escape 434
scandalizzare (A) scandalize 315
scandire (A) articulate, pronounce; scan 86
scannare (A) butcher 315
scapigliare (A) tousle, dishevel 502
scappare (E) escape, run away 440
scarabocchiare (A) scribble 502
scarcerare (A) release/free from prison 315
scaricare (A) unload 233
scarrozzare (A) drive around 315
scarseggiare (A) be lacking/short; get/be scarce 302
scartare (A) unwrap; reject 315
scassare (A) break, smash, wreck 315
scassinare (A) break open 315
scatenare (A) let loose; provoke 441
scatenarsi (E) break out; go wild 441 [31]
scattare (A, E) go off, be released 434
scaturire (E) flow from, spring 478
scavalcare (A) climb over, pass over 233
scavare (A) dig 315
scegliere (A) choose, select 442
scendere (A, E) come/go down, descend; decrease 443
sceneggiare (A) dramatize 302
schedare (A) catalogue, file 315
scherzare (A) joke, jest; tease 444
schiacciare (A) crush; squash 71
schiaffeggiare (A) slap 302
schiamazzare (A) cackle; quack 315
schiantare (A) smash 315
schiarire (A, E) clear up, make/become lighter, lighten 218
schiudere (A) open 95
schivare (A) avoid, dodge 315
schizzare (A, E) squirt, spurt; sketch 434
sciacquare (A) rinse 315
sciare (A) ski 445
scintillare (A) glitter, sparkle 315
scioccare (A) shock 233
sciogliere (A) undo, loosen; dissolve 446
sciogliersi (E) come undone 446 [16]
scioperare (A) strike 315
sciupare (A) waste, squander; ruin 315
scivolare (A, E) slide, slip 434
scocciare (A) annoy, bother 71
scodellare (A) dish up 315
scolorire (A, E) discolor, fade 218
scolpire (A) sculpt, carve 86
scombussolare (A) upset 315
scommettere (A) bet, wager 447
scomodare (A) disturb, trouble, bother 315
scomparire (E) disappear, vanish 448
scompigliare (A) ruffle, disarrange 502
scomporre (A) pull apart, take apart 110
sconcertare (A) disconcert 315
sconfiggere (A) defeat, overcome 449
sconfinare (A) trespass; stray 315
sconfortare (A) discourage, dishearten 315
scongelare (A) defrost 315
scongiurare (A) implore, beseech 315
sconnettere (A) disconnect 120
sconsacrare (A) deconsecrate 315
sconsigliare (A) advise against, advise (someone) not to 502
scontare (A) discount, deduct 315
sconvolgere (A) upset, disturb; devastate 450
sconvolgersi (E) become upset 450 [16]
scopare (A) sweep 315
scoppiare (E) burst, explode 48
scoppiettare (A) crackle 315
scoprire (A) discover; uncover 451
scoprirsi (E) expose oneself 451 [339]
scoraggiare (A) discourage 302
scordare (A) forget, put out of tune 315
scorgere (A) discern, perceive, see, catch sight of 352
scorrazzare (A) run about 315
scorrere (A, E) run; flow; pass by 139
scortare (A) escort 315
scostarsi (E) stand aside 31
scottare (A) burn, scald; hurt; be hot 315
screditare (A) discredit 315
scricchiolare (A) creak 315
scrivere (A) write; record; attribute (to) 452
scriversi (E) write to each other; take notes 452 [16]
scroccare (A) scrounge 233
scrutare (A) scrutinize; search, scan 315
scuocere (E) overcook 150
scuotere (A) shake; rouse, stir 453
scuotersi (E) jump; awaken 453 [16]
scusare (A) excuse, pardon, forgive 454
scusarsi (E) apologize (for); excuse oneself 454 [31]
sdegnare (A) disdain 456
sdoppiare (A) split in two 502
sdraiarsi (E) lie down, stretch out 502 [31]
sdrucciolare (A, E) skid, slide 434
seccare (A, E) dry (up); annoy 300
sedere (E) sit (down), be sitting 455
sedersi (E) sit (down), take a seat 455 [16]
sedurre (A) seduce 371
segare (A) saw; cut into 326
segnalare (A) signal 315
segnare (A) score, cut into; mark 456
segnarsi (E) cross oneself; make a note for oneself 456 [31]
segregare (A) segregate 326
seguire (A, E) follow, go with 457
selezionare (A) select 315
sembrare (E) seem, appear, look (like) 458
seminare (A) sow 315
semplificare (A) simplify 233
sensibilizzare (A) make aware; sensitize 315
sentire (A) feel; hear, see, smell, taste 459
sentirsi (E) feel; feel like, feel up to 459 [339]
seppellire (A) bury, cover; forget 460
seppellirsi (E) bury oneself (in) 460 [339]
sequestrare (A) seize 315
serrare (A) shut, close 315
servire (A, E) serve; be used for 461
servirsi (E) serve/help oneself (to) 461 [339]
sfaccendare (A) bustle about 315
sfamare (A) feed 315
sfare (A) undo; melt 211
sfasciare (A) smash; unbandage 71
sfiancare (A) exhaust 233
sfiatare (A, E) leak, escape; vent 434
sfidare (A) challenge; dare; defy 315
sfigurare (A) disfigure; make a bad impression 315
sfilare (A, E) unthread; parade, file past 434
sfinire (A) exhaust, wear out 86
sfiorare (A) graze, skim, touch on/lightly 315
sfiorire (E) fade (away), wither 478
sfocare (A) blur, put out of focus 233
sfogare (A) vent, let/pour out 326
sfogarsi (E) vent one’s feelings 326 [31]
sfoggiare (A) show (off), display 302
sfogliare (A) shed leaves; glance through, skim 502
sfollare (A, E) empty, evacuate 434
sfondare (A) break the bottom (of); break through 315
sfornare (A) take out of the oven 315
sforzare (A) force 315
sfregiare (A) disfigure, slash; tarnish 302
sfruttare (A) exploit; utilize 315
sfuggire (E) escape 179
sfumare (E) evaporate; vanish, fade 180
sganciare (A) unhook, unfasten 71
sgocciolare (A) drip 315
sgolarsi (E) yell, become hoarse 31
sgomb(e)rare (A) evacuate, clear 315
sgomentare (A) dismay, frighten 315
sgonfiare (A) deflate 502
sgorgare (E) gush out, spout 326
sgozzare (A) butcher 315
sgranare (A) shell, hull; crumble; disengage 315
sgranchire (A) stretch 86
sgrassare (A) remove the grease from 315
sgretolare (A) grind; split 315
sgridare (A) scold 315
sgrossare (A) rough-hew; refine 315
sguarnire (A) dismantle 86
sguazzare (A) splash about 315
sibilare (A) hiss, whistle 315
sigillare (A) seal 315
siglare (A) initial, sign 315
significare (A) mean, signify 233
sillabare (A) spell out, syllabify 315
silurare (A) torpedo, wreck 315
simboleggiare (A) symbolize 302
simpatizzare (A) find (someone) likeable; sympathize 315
simulare (A) feign, simulate 315
sincronizzare (A) synchronize 315
sindacare (A) audit, control 233
singhiozzare (A) sob; hiccup 315
sintetizzare (A) synthesize 315
sistemare (A) tidy (up); sort out 462
sistemarsi (E) find accommodations; settle down 462 [31]
slacciare (A) unlace, undo 71
slanciare (A) fling, hurl 71
slegare (A) unfasten, untie 326
slittare (A, E) slide, skip, slip; sleigh 434
slogare (A) displace, sprain 326
sloggiare (A) evict, dislodge 302
smacchiare (A) remove stains from 502
smantellare (A) dismantle 315
smarrire (A) lose, mislay 86
smascherare (A) unmask 315
smembrare (A) dismember, split 315
smentire (A) deny; disprove 304
smettere (A) stop, quit; give up 463
sminuire (A) diminish; belittle 86
smistare (A) sort (out); screen (calls) 315
smontare (A) disassemble, dismantle 315
smuovere (A) move, shift; dissuade 310
snazionalizzare (A) denationalize 315
snellire (A) make slim; streamline 86
snellirsi (E) (grow) slim, grow slender 86 [339]
snervare (A) enervate; exhaust, tire out 315
snodare (A) untie 315
socchiudere (A) half-close, leave ajar 95
soccorrere (A) aid, help; come to the aid of 233
socializzare (A) socialize 315
soddisfare (A) satisfy, fulfill, meet 464
soffiare (A) blow, puff; whisper 502
soffocare (A, E) suffocate 300
soffriggere (A) fry lightly 225
soffrire (A) suffer (from); stand 465
soggiacere (A, E) succumb, be subject 348
soggiornare (A) stay, live 315
soggiungere (A) add 22
sognare (A) dream (of/about); long for 466
sognarsi (E) dream, think of 466 [31]
solcare (A) plow 233
solidificare (A) solidify 233
sollecitare (A) press for, urge; solicit 315
sollevare (A) raise, lift up 315
somigliare (A, E) resemble, be/look like 83
sommare (A, E) add; amount (to) 434
sommergere (A) submerge 194
somministrare (A) administer 315
sommuovere (A) shake, stir up; incite 310
sopportare (A) stand; tolerate; support 467
sopprimere (A) suppress, abolish 158
sopraffare (A) overwhelm; overcome 211
soprannominare (A) nickname 315
sopravvalutare (A) overrate 315
sopravvenire (E) arrive unexpectedly, turn up 544
sopravvivere (E) survive, outlive; live on 468
soprintendere (A) supervise, oversee 361
sorbire (A) sip 304
sorgere (E) rise; arise; stand 352
sormontare (A) surmount 315
sorpassare (A) pass; surpass; exceed 469
sorprendere (A) surprise; amaze 470
sorprendersi (E) catch oneself; be surprised (at/by) 470 [16]
sorreggere (A) support, hold 295
sorridere (A) smile; appeal (to) 471
sorridersi (E) smile at each other 471 [16]
sorseggiare (A) sip 302
sorteggiare (A) draw (lots) 302
sortire (A, E) come/go out; produce 304
sorvegliare (A) oversee, supervise 502
sorvolare (A) fly over; skim 315
sospendere (A) hang (up); suspend; put off 472
sospettare (A) suspect 315
sospirare (A) sigh; yearn for 315
sostare (A) stay, stop, halt 315
sostenere (A) hold up, support; maintain 473
sostenersi (E) hold oneself up 473 [16]
sostituire (A) replace; substitute 474
sostituirsi (E) replace 474 [339]
sottintendere (A) understand (through implication), imply 361
sottolineare (A) underline, underscore; stress 315
sottoporre (A) subject; submit 353
sottoscrivere (A) subscribe, underwrite, sign 452
sottostare (E) be subordinate (to); submit (to) 496
sottovalutare (A) underestimate 315
sottrarre (A) subtract, take away 526
sovrabbondare (A) (over)abound; be in excess 315
sovrapporre (A) put on top; superimpose 353
sovrastare (E) stand (above), dominate; be imminent 496
sovrimporre (A) superimpose 353
sovrintendere (A) supervise 361
sovvenzionare (A) subsidize 315
sovvertire (A) subvert, overthrow; overturn 459
spaccare (A) cut, split 233
spacciare (A) sell off; peddle, traffic in 71
spadroneggiare (A) be bossy 302
spalancare (A) open wide 233
spalare (A) shovel 315
spandere (a; past participle spanto) spread, scatter 404
sparare (A) shoot; fire 475
spararsi (E) shoot oneself 475 [31]
sparecchiare (A) clear (the table); clear away 476
spargere (A) scatter, spread; spill 477
spargersi (E) scatter; spread 477 [16]
sparire (E) disappear, vanish 478
sparlare (A) bad-mouth; talk nonsense 315
sparpagliare (A) scatter 502
spartire (A) distribute, divide up 86
spasimare (A) be in agony; long (for) 315
spaventare (A) frighten, scare; worry 479
spaventarsi (E) become frightened 479 [31]
spazientirsi (E) lose one’s patience 478 [339]
spazzare (A) sweep 315
spazzolare (A) brush 480
spazzolarsi (E) brush one’s______ 480 [31]
specchiarsi (E) look at one’s reflection 502 [31]
specializzarsi (E) specialize 31
specificare (A) specify, define; make clear 233
spedire (A) send; mail, ship 481
spegnere (A) turn/switch off; extinguish 482
spegnersi (E) die/go/burn out; go off 482 [16]
spelare (A) remove the hair/fur from 315
spendere (A) spend; use; waste 483
sperare (A) hope (for); expect 484
sperdere (A) scatter, disperse 340
spergiurare (A) perjure oneself 315
spettare (E) be up to; be due to 180
spettinare (A) dishevel, ruffle (hair) 315
spezzare (A) break (up), snap 315
spiacere (E) displease; be sorry 485
spiacersi (E) regret, be sorry (about) 485 [16]
spiare (A) spy on 445
spiegare (A) explain; spread (out) 486
spiegarsi (E) make oneself clear 486 [31]
spifferare (A) blab, blurt out 315
spingere (A) push, shove; urge 487
spingersi (E) push on; push each other 487 [16]
spiovere (A, E) stop raining 351
spirare (A, E) blow; expire 434
spogliare (A) divest (of), strip; undress 488
spogliarsi (E) undress; get rid of 488 [31]
spolverare (A) dust 315
spolverizzare (A) sprinkle 315
sporcare (A) dirty, soil, sully 233
sporgere (A, E) jut out, stick out 352
sporgersi (E) lean out 352 [16]
sposare (A) give in marriage; marry 489
sposarsi (E) get married; go well together 489 [31]
spostare (A) move, shift; postpone 490
spostarsi (E) move about/over; get around 490 [31]
sprecare (A) waste, squander 491
sprecarsi (E) waste one’s energy 491 [31]
spremere (A) squeeze 404
sprigionare (A) emit, release 315
sprizzare (A) squirt, spray, spurt 315
spruzzare (A) spray 315
spumeggiare (A) foam 302
spuntare (E) appear, sprout, rise 180
spurgare (A) clear out 326
sputare (A) spit 315
squadrare (A) square, make square; look (someone) up and down 315
squalificare (A) disqualify 233
squarciare (A) tear (apart), rip (open) 71
squartare (A) quarter 315
squillare (A, E) ring; blare 492
sradicare (A) uproot; eradicate 233
stabilire (A) establish; fix; decide 493
stabilirsi (E) settle, establish oneself 493 [339]
stabilizzare (A) stabilize 315
staccare (A) detach, remove 233
stagionare (A) season, mature, ripen 315
stagnare (A) solder; stagnate 315
stampare (A) print, reproduce; publish 494
stamparsi (E) be impressed/imprinted (on) 494 [31]
stancare (A) tire, wear down; bore 495
stancarsi (E) get tired; get fed up (with) 495 [31]
stanziare (A) allocate, appropriate, assign 502
stare (E) stay, be; stand; live 496
starnutire (A) sneeze 304
stazionare (A) stand, stay; be parked 315
stendere (A) extend, stretch/spread (out) 497
stendersi (E) lie down; stretch out 497 [16]
stentare (A) have difficulty 315
sterminare (A) exterminate 315
stimare (A) esteem, appreciate; value 315
stimolare (A) stimulate 315
stipendiare (A) pay (a salary) 502
stipulare (A) stipulate, draw up 315
stiracchiare (A) stretch, pull, twist 502
stirare (A) iron, press; stretch 498
stirarsi (E) iron; stretch oneself 498 [31]
stomacare (A) sicken, disgust 233
stonare (A) sing flat, clash 315
storcere (A) twist; distort 499
storcersi (E) twist; bend 499 [16]
stordire (A) daze, stun, bewilder 86
stornare (A) avert, ward off; divert 315
storpiare (A) distort, cripple 502
straboccare (A, E) overflow, overabound 300
stracciare (A) tear (to pieces) 71
stracuocere (A) overcook 150
strafare (A) overdo, do too much 211
stramazzare (E) fall (heavily), collapse 180
strangolare (A) strangle 315
strappare (A) tear (away), snatch 315
straripare (A, E) flood, overflow 434
strascicare (A) trail along the ground; shuffle 233
stravedere (A) see wrongly; dote (on) 542
straziare (A) rack, torment 502
stregare (A) bewitch, charm 326
strepitare (A) make loud noises, yell, shout 315
stressare (A) put under stress, get on (someone)’s nerves 500
stressarsi (E) stress oneself, be stressed 500 [31]
stridere (A; RARE IN COMPOUND TENSES) squeak, jar 404
strillare (A) yell; shriek; complain loudly 315
stringere (A) grip, hold tight; squeeze 501
stringersi (E) press oneself (against); squeeze together 501 [16]
strisciare (A) crawl, creep 71
strofinare (A) rub, wipe, polish 315
strozzare (A) strangle, choke 315
struggere (A) consume 177
stuccare (A) plaster 233
studiare (A) study, learn; examine 502
stupefare (A) amaze, astound 211
stupire (A, E) amaze, astonish, stun 503
stupirsi (E) be amazed (at) 503 [339]
stuzzicare (A) tease, annoy; poke at 233
subentrare (E) replace, succeed 196
subire (A) suffer, undergo 86
succedere (E) happen; succeed 504
succedersi (E) follow one another 504 [16]
succhiare (A) suck, sip 502
sudare (A) sweat; toil 315
suddividere (A) subdivide, split up 408
suggerire (A) suggest; prompt, hint 505
suggestionare (A) influence 315
suicidarsi (E) commit suicide 31
suonare (A, E) play; ring, sound 506
superare (A) exceed, surpass; overcome 507
supplicare (A) beg, implore 233
supplire (A) stand in for; make up for; compensate 86
supporre (A) suppose; assume, guess 508
surgelare (A) deep-freeze 315
suscitare (A) arouse, cause 315
susseguire (E) succeed, follow 179
sussistere (E) subsist, exist 202
sussurrare (A) murmur, whisper 315
svagare (A) amuse, entertain 326
svagarsi (E) amuse oneself 326 [31]
svaligiare (A) rob, burglarize 302
svalutare (A) devalue 315
svanire (E) vanish, disappear; evaporate 478
svegliare (A) waken; rouse, alert 509
svegliarsi (E) wake up 509 [31]
svelare (A) reveal, unveil, disclose 315
svenare (A) cut/slash the veins of 315
svendere (A) sell off, clear 543
svenire (E) faint, pass out 510
sventolare (A) flutter, wave 315
svergognare (A) disgrace, humiliate 315
svestire (A) undress 546
sviluppare (A) loose, untie; develop, expand 315
svincolare (A) release 315
svisare (A) distort, misrepresent 315
svitare (A) unscrew 315
svolgere (A) unroll, unfold; carry out 511
svolgersi (E) (un)wind; come about 511 [16]
svoltare (A) turn 315
T
taccheggiare (A) shoplift 302
tacere (A) be/keep quiet (about); stop talking 512
tagliare (A) cut, slice, carve 513
tagliarsi (E) cut oneself; shave 513 [31]
tamponare (A) ram into, plug 315
tardare (A, E) be late; take a long time; delay 434
targare (A) put on a license plate, register 326
tassare (A) tax, charge 315
tastare (A) touch, feel; try 315
telefonare (A) telephone 514
telefonarsi (E) phone each other 514 [31]
telegrafare (A) telegraph, cable 315
temere (A) fear, be afraid (of), dread 515
temersi (E) fear each other 515 [16]
temperare (A) temper, sharpen 315
tempestare (A, E) storm, be stormy 434
tendere (A) stretch (out); tend to 361
tenere (A) hold, keep 516
tenersi (E) hold on (to); stay, keep 516 [16]
tentare (A) try, attempt; tempt 517
terminare (A, E) finish, terminate 434
terrorizzare (A) terrorize 315
tesserare (A) issue a (member’s) card to; enroll 315
testimoniare (A) testify 502
timbrare (A) stamp 315
tingere (A) color, dye, paint, stain 217
tintinnare (A) tinkle 315
tirare (A) pull, drag; throw 518
tirarsi (E) draw/pull/move (back) 518 [31]
titubare (A) hesitate, waver; falter 315
toccare (A, E) touch; reach; be the turn of 519
toccarsi (E) touch oneself; masturbate 519 [31]
togliere (A) take away/off, remove 520
togliersi (E) take off; get out/off 520 [16]
tollerare (A) tolerate, bear 315
tonare (A, E) thunder; boom; rage (against) 533
tonificare (A) invigorate 233
torcere (A) twist, bend; wring (out) 521
torcersi (E) writhe, twist 521 [16]
tornare (E) return, come/go back; begin again 522
torrefare (A) roast 211
torturare (A) torture 315
tossire (A) cough 523
tostare (A) toast, roast 315
totalizzare (A) total; score 315
tracciare (A) trace; map out; sketch 71
tradire (A) betray; cheat on; reveal 524
tradirsi (E) give oneself away 524 [339]
tradurre (A) translate; render 525
tradursi (E) result (in) 525 [16]
trafficare (A) trade, traffic 233
traforare (A) pierce, drill 315
traghettare (A) ferry (across) 315
trainare (A) pull, drag; tow 315
tralasciare (A) leave out/off; neglect 291
tramezzare (A) partition; separate 315
tramontare (E) go down, set 180
transigere (A) transact; compromise 201
trapanare (A) drill 315
trapassare (A, E) pierce; pass through/over/by 434
trapelare (E) leak out, filter through 180
trapiantare (A) transplant 315
trarre (A) draw, pull (out) 526
trarsi (E) draw; get (oneself) out of 526 [31]
trascendere (A, E) transcend, exceed 443
trascinare (A) drag, pull; carry (away) 315
trascorrere (A, E) spend (time) 139
trascrivere (A) transcribe 452
trascurare (A) neglect; ignore 315
trasferire (A) transfer, convey 527
trasferirsi (E) move (house) 527 [339]
trasfigurare (A) transfigure 315
trasformare (A) transform, change 315
trasgredire (A) transgress, infringe 86
traslocare (A) transfer; move (house) 528
traslocarsi (E) move 528 [31]
trasmettere (A) transmit, broadcast; pass on 529
trasmettersi (E) be transmitted; be passed on 529 [16]
traspirare (A, E) transpire, perspire 434
trasportare (A) transport 315
trattare (A) discuss; treat; be about 530
trattarsi (E) treat oneself; be a matter
trattenere (A) restrain, keep 516
travagliare (A) torment, trouble 502
traversare (A) cross; place across 315
travestire (A) disguise 546
tremare (A) tremble 315
trepidare (A) be anxious, tremble; fear 315
trillare (A) trill 315
trinciare (A) cut up, mince; slash 71
trionfare (A) triumph 315
troncare (A) truncate, cut off 233
trottare (A, E) trot 434
trovare (A) find, come upon/across 531
trovarsi (E) find oneself; be (situated) 531 [31]
truccare (A) cheat, rig; apply makeup 532
truccarsi (E) put makeup on 532 [31]
truffare (A) cheat, swindle 315
tuffare (A) dip, dive, plunge 315
tuonare (A, E) thunder; boom; rage (against) 533
turbare (A) trouble 315
U
ubbidire (A) obey, comply (with) 534
ubriacarsi (E) get drunk 233 [31]
uccidere (A) kill, murder 535
uccidersi (E) commit suicide; kill each other 535 [16]
udire (A) hear, listen to 536
uguagliare (A) equalize 502
ultimare (A) finish, terminate, complete 315
ululare (A) howl 315
umiliare (A) humiliate, humble 502
ungere (A) grease, anoint, oil 22
unire (A) unite, join, combine 537
unirsi (E) unite; blend 537 [339]
urlare (A) scream, yell; howl 538
usare (A) use 315
uscire (E) leave, come/go out, exit 539
usufruire (A) take advantage of 86
usurpare (A) usurp, supplant 315
utilizzare (A) utilize, use 315
V
vacillare (A) totter, waver, stagger 315
vagabondare (A) wander 315
vagheggiare (A) gaze longingly, long for 502
vagire (A) wail, whimper 86
valere (A, E) be valid/in effect, apply 540
valersi (E) make use (of) 540 [16]
valorizzare (A) exploit 315
valutare (A) value, evaluate 315
vantare (A) boast/brag (about); praise 541
vantarsi (E) boast/brag (about) 541 [31]
varcare (A) cross; pass; surmount 233
variare (A, E) vary 83
vedere (A) see, look at 542
vedersi (E) see oneself; meet 542 [16]
vegliare (A) stay awake, keep watch 502
velare (A) veil, cover; hide 315
veleggiare (A) sail 502
vendemmiare (A) harvest (grapes) 502
vendere (A) sell 543
vendersi (E) sell out; sell oneself 543 [16]
vendicare (A) avenge, vindicate 233
venerare (A) venerate 315
venire (E) come, arrive 544
ventilare (A) ventilate, air 315
verbalizzare (A) report; put into words; enter in the minutes 315
vergognarsi (E) be ashamed 173 [31]
verniciare (A) varnish, paint 71
versare (A) pour, spill, empty 545
versarsi (E) spill (over); flow (into) 545 [31]
vestire (A, E) dress, clothe; wear 546
vestirsi (E) get dressed; wear 546 [339]
vezzeggiare (A) fondle, pet 302
viaggiare (A) travel, journey 547
vietare (A) prohibit, forbid; ban 548
vigilare (A) guard; supervise 315
villeggiare (A) spend one’s vacation 302
vincere (A) conquer, defeat; win 549
vincersi (E) control oneself 549 [16]
violare (A) violate; pollute 315
violentare (A) rape 315
virare (A) change course 315
visitare (A) visit, go and see 550
vistare (A) approve; issue a visa to 315
vivere (A, E) live, be alive; live/go through 551
viziare (A) spoil, overindulge 502
volare (A, E) fly; go by very quickly 552
volere (A, E) want, wish; need 553
volgarizzare (A) popularize 315
volgere (A) turn/bend (toward); direct 554
volgersi (E) turn; be directed (at) 554 [16]
vomitare (A) vomit 315
votare (A) vote; vote for 555
votarsi (E) dedicate oneself (to) 555 [31]
vuotare (A) empty; clear out 315
Z
zittire (A) hiss; silence 86
zoppicare (A) limp; be lame; wobble 233
zuccherare (A) sugar, sweeten 315

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Alle nostre figlie

Hannah e Nelleke — K. M-C.

Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as

Interior design by Village Typographers, Inc.

This is a copyrighted work and The McGrawHill Companies, Inc.

THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGrawHilL AND ITS LICENSORS

Italian Tense Profiles

The Basics of Conjugation

555 Fully Conjugated Verbs

English-Italian Verb Index

Irregular Verb Form Index

Italian Verb Index

THE BASICS OF CONJUGATION

Mood and Tense

Person and Number

Am is first-person singular, is is third-person singular, and are is second-

Principal Parts of the Verb

• The future tense:

For other uses of the past participle, see 32 and 36.

THE SIMPLE TENSES

Then add the present-tense endings of the appropriate conjugation.

Notes about -are verbs

Notes about -ere verbs

• The verbs rimanere to stay (and another -manere compound, permanere

Note about -ire verbs

Summary of Spelling Changes

Uses of the Present Tense

• The present tense is used to express an ongoing action in the present.

• The present tense is used to express a habitual (regular, repeated) action in

Andare is used instead of stare to indicate a gradual increase or decrease.

L’imperfetto • The imperfect

Since there is no base verb durre in Italian, produrre is used to represent

Uses of the Imperfect Tense

• The imperfect tense is used in indirect discourse to report what someone

Il passato remoto • The preterit

Verbs can be grouped according to the type of irregularity they display in

Avere and essere are irregular as well.

• The preterit tense is used to narrate fables and stories.

Il futuro · The future

• Some -are verbs do not change the characteristic -a- to -e-.

• The stem for the future tense of essere to be is sar-.

Uses of the Future Tense

• The future tense is used as a command or exhortation.

Il condizionale presente · The present conditional

Uses of the Present Conditional Tense

• The present conditional tense is used to state a polite request or preference,

Il congiuntivo presente · The present subjunctive

Uses of the Subjunctive Mood

• The subjunctive is used after a large number of verbs and impersonal

Doubt, denial, disbelief, uncertainty

Wish, desire, hope, expectation

• The subjunctive is used after certain conjunctions.

When the subject of both verbs is the same, some prepositional

• The subjunctive is used in an adjective clause after an indefinite antecedent.

When the antecedent is definite, the indicative (not the subjunctive) is

• The subjunctive is used in an adjective clause after a negative antecedent.

• The subjunctive is used in a dependent clause after a comparative or

• The subjunctive is used in indirect questions introduced by chi who, che