EDSE301 MCQ

What is the first step in conducting research?

a. Collecting data

b. Writing a report

c. Analyzing data

d. Formulating a research question

Answer: d. Formulating a research question

What is a hypothesis?

a. An assumption that is proven by the researcher

b. A tentative explanation for a phenomenon

c. A fact that is verified through research

d. A conclusion drawn from previous research

Answer: b. A tentative explanation for a phenomenon

Which of the following is an example of a qualitative research method?

a. Survey research

b. Experimental research

c. Case study research

d. Correlational research

Answer: c. Case study research

What is a sample in research?

a. The entire population being studied

b. A subset of the population being studied

c. The data collected from the population

d. The research design used in the study

Answer: b. A subset of the population being studied

What is a research design?

a. A blueprint for conducting a research study

b. The statistical analysis used in the study

c. The theoretical framework of the study

d. The research question being investigated

Answer: a. A blueprint for conducting a research study

What is a dependent variable?

a. A variable that is manipulated by the researcher

b. A variable that is measured in the study

c. A variable that is controlled by the researcher

d. A variable that is not relevant to the study

Answer: b. A variable that is measured in the study

What is a control group?

a. A group of participants that does not receive any treatment or intervention

b. A group of participants that receives a placebo treatment

c. A group of participants that receives the experimental treatment

d. A group of participants that is used as a comparison to the experimental group

Answer: a. A group of participants that does not receive any treatment or intervention
What is a random sample?

a. A sample that is selected based on a predetermined criteria

b. A sample that is selected based on convenience

c. A sample that is selected randomly from the population

d. A sample that is selected based on the researcher's preference

Answer: c. A sample that is selected randomly from the population

What is a sampling frame?

a. The population from which the sample is selected

b. The method used to select the sample

c. The number of participants in the study

d. The research question being investigated

Answer: a. The population from which the sample is selected

What is a research instrument?

a. The data analysis software used in the study

b. The questionnaire or survey used to collect data

c. The experimental manipulation used in the study

d. The research design used in the study

Answer: b. The questionnaire or survey used to collect data

What is the purpose of a pilot study?

a. To test the research instrument before conducting the study

b. To conduct a small-scale version of the study

c. To obtain preliminary data before conducting the study

d. To determine the feasibility of the study

Answer: a. To test the research instrument before conducting the study

What is a research population?

a. The sample of participants in the study

b. The group of people or objects being studied

c. The research hypothesis being investigated

d. The research methodology being used

Answer: b. The group of people or objects being studied

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research

What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

a. A parameter is a measure of variability, whereas a statistic is a measure of central tendency.

b. A parameter is a characteristic of a sample, whereas a statistic is a characteristic of a population.

c. A parameter is a measure of central tendency, whereas a statistic is a measure of variability.

d. A parameter and a statistic are the same thing.

Answer: b. A parameter is a characteristic of a sample, whereas a statistic is a characteristic of a

population.

What is the purpose of a research proposal?

a. To summarize the results of a research study

b. To outline the research question and methodology of a study

c. To analyze the data collected in a study

d. To provide recommendations for future research

Answer: b. To outline the research question and methodology of a study

What is the difference between reliability and validity?

a. Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, whereas validity refers to the accuracy of a
measure.

b. Reliability refers to the accuracy of a measure, whereas validity refers to the consistency of a
measure.

c. Reliability and validity are the same thing.

d. Neither reliability nor validity are important in research.

Answer: a. Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, whereas validity refers to the accuracy of a
measure.

What is a research ethics committee?

a. A group of researchers who are responsible for conducting a study

b. A group of individuals who oversee and approve research studies to ensure ethical guidelines are
followed

c. A group of participants who provide feedback on the research process

d. A group of individuals who are paid to participate in research studies

Answer: b. A group of individuals who oversee and approve research studies to ensure ethical guidelines
are followed

What is an informed consent form?

a. A form that summarizes the results of a research study for the participants

b. A form that outlines the potential risks and benefits of participating in a research study

c. A form that provides instructions for completing a research study

d. A form that is used to recruit participants for a research study

Answer: b. A form that outlines the potential risks and benefits of participating in a research study

What is a research hypothesis?

a. A statement that is proven by the researcher

b. A tentative explanation for a phenomenon

c. A fact that is verified through research

d. A conclusion drawn from previous research

Answer: b. A tentative explanation for a phenomenon

What is a systematic review?

a. A review of a single study

b. A review of multiple studies that follows a rigorous methodology

c. A review of multiple studies that is not rigorous

d. A review of popular press articles

Answer: b. A review of multiple studies that follows a rigorous methodology

What is a meta-analysis?

a. A type of research design that involves manipulating one variable to see its effects on another variable

b. A statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies

c. A type of qualitative research method

d. A type of sampling technique

Answer: b. A statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies

What is a standard deviation?

a. A measure of central tendency

b. A measure of variability

c. A measure of the strength of a relationship between two variables

d. A measure of the difference between two groups

Answer: b. A measure of variability

What is a correlation coefficient?

a. A measure of central tendency

b. A measure of variability

c. A measure of the strength of a relationship between two variables

d. A measure of the difference between two groups

Answer:

What is the purpose of randomization in research studies?

a. To ensure that the results of the study are accurate

b. To ensure that the study participants are representative of the population being studied

c. To eliminate any biases in participant selection

d. To control for extraneous variables

Answer: c. To eliminate any biases in participant selection

What is a null hypothesis?

a. A statement that predicts a relationship between two variables

b. A statement that predicts no relationship between two variables

c. A statement that is proven by the researcher

d. A statement that summarizes the results of a research study

Answer: b. A statement that predicts no relationship between two variables

What is a research design?

a. The process of selecting participants for a study

b. The methodological plan for conducting a study

c. The process of collecting and analyzing data

d. The process of interpreting the results of a study

Answer: b. The methodological plan for conducting a study

What is the purpose of descriptive statistics?

a. To make inferences about the population from a sample

b. To summarize and describe the characteristics of a dataset

c. To test hypotheses about the relationship between two variables

d. To examine the distribution of a dataset

Answer: b. To summarize and describe the characteristics of a dataset

What is a double-blind study?

a. A study in which neither the researcher nor the participant knows which group they are in

b. A study in which the researcher and the participant know which group they are in

c. A study in which only the researcher knows which group each participant is in

d. A study in which the participant knows which group they are in, but the researcher does not

Answer: a. A study in which neither the researcher nor the participant knows which group they are in

What is a placebo?

a. A medication that is given to participants in a research study

b. A fake medication that is given to participants in a research study

c. A type of experimental design

d. A type of statistical analysis

Answer: b. A fake medication that is given to participants in a research study

What is a Type I error?

a. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true

b. Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false

c. Rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it is actually true

d. Failing to reject the alternative hypothesis when it is actually false

Answer: a. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true

What is a Type II error?

a. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true

b. Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false

c. Rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it is actually true

d. Failing to reject the alternative hypothesis when it is actually false

Answer: b. Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false

What is the difference between a t-test and an ANOVA?

a. A t-test is used to compare the means of two groups, whereas an ANOVA is used to compare the
means of three or more groups.

b. A t-test is used to compare the means of three or more groups, whereas an ANOVA is used to
compare the means of two groups.

c. A t-test is used to compare the variability of two groups, whereas an ANOVA is used to compare the
variability of three or more groups.

d. A t-test and an ANOVA are the same thing.

Answer: a. A t-test is used to compare the means of two groups, whereas an ANOVA is used to

What is a correlation coefficient?

a. A measure of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables

b. A measure of the average value of a set of data points

c. A measure of the variability of a set of data points

d. A measure of the significance of a research finding

Answer: a. A measure of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables

What is a confounding variable?

a. A variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment

b. A variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables, making it difficult to determine
the true relationship between them

c. A variable that affects only the dependent variable in a research study

d. A variable that is not important to the research question being studied

Answer: b. A variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables, making it difficult to
determine the true relationship between them

What is a representative sample?

a. A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population being studied

b. A sample that is chosen at random from the population being studied

c. A sample that includes only individuals who are willing to participate in the study

d. A sample that is chosen based on specific criteria, such as age or gender

Answer: a. A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population being studied

What is an independent variable?

a. The variable that is measured in a research study

b. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher in a research study

c. The variable that is affected by the independent variable in a research study

d. The variable that is not important to the research question being studied

Answer: b. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher in a research study

What is a dependent variable?

a. The variable that is measured in a research study

b. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher in a research study

c. The variable that is affected by the independent variable in a research study

d. The variable that is not important to the research question being studied

Answer: a. The variable that is measured in a research study

What is a sampling frame?

a. A list of all the individuals in the population being studied

b. The process of selecting participants for a research study

c. The methodological plan for conducting a research study

d. The process of collecting and analyzing data in a research study

Answer: a. A list of all the individuals in the population being studied

What is a convenience sample?

a. A sample that is chosen based on specific criteria, such as age or gender

b. A sample that is chosen at random from the population being studied

c. A sample that includes only individuals who are willing to participate in the study

d. A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population being studied

Answer: c. A sample that includes only individuals who are willing to participate in the study

What is a systematic review?

a. A type of research study that examines the effects of an intervention or treatment

b. A type of research study that explores the experiences and perspectives of individuals

c. A type of research study that examines the relationship between two variables
d. A type of research study that synthesizes the findings of multiple studies on a particular topic

Answer: d. A type of research study that synthesizes the findings of multiple studies on a particular topic