a an ene J- Ow . Wey aati i ie Way Solid Slebs- Slabs mes be Suppwted on fo eppou'le s ves, as shown n(fy. ba)s sa whith Case Fhe Shrachwe| aifien, J) restentrally) enely, FA look bewy Caves by th slab mH chivectioan peypercliiula f0 He Suyporry Df the bees enatl fw sides 4s Shower beams . Fa. +b) > He Tiny chin A ob feurec- LIF the vahio of lenw Hh & wth of one SLA pare! DQ laege Flen 25 leeels fo Onerby gee Lod DE the at on (Lie) lees fhe 2 pet Jeecls fe Tro = hey achu- one -wey Slob ge adaparanet Be 8 2) DE RA bh Ov G# Ls leayin Wwe wrth (L/w) Ss => One —Wey slob Chefla) Aga ee Tare. heey Shed2-Flt Plute are flat Shih. bck plate, Gasiclered 9 Concrete slabs Corrreel Eee pee aliretly by elunar w shuan sh (Ay (—ef J wthont wre fe beer of BEERS E late slabs sf also bec less 64 rnacurakes a a Phrekened Slnb regia so He Weiath of He Gham empluys flared Column fas fo role pemenft arrose’ Galuans- They anh dfkea ane( negeh'n Shen ave pefecced ba np panels eal Claman Capihhs (4s by. 2- Cre ant fo Wey Qeblest Stab (Greater welts Te veolue the deo towels fo Solid Slab Gashuchia, pettern ov a rech il new ai Forming, in eae of medhf ov frhecglas Borms mies futlew Cencrh blocs | vords thaves we Patlen or Weel a filer mateo as 4 Zly ov limashae blue b wahd Ge — = Scene A gence) guise fhe etene matte | se of Flew Syshors Can be Simmarigeel Os foilans j- Flat Pleto faetre Spinr (6-1 —* Fervys (2.39 —— 4-99) Ente Ae BAven tye = flow Csk fvmwerk Le Exgusel fof Ceillery be. fat, rehut hin lew chem Gypacly Bote thet 6 lot plete pewe are ve lehvery low SH/kAs wheh mug Mule cle flee hin nut iter ble bok slubt- soe fei IS) — EU (s¥2 7-12) ele Nols pict ore plabes- Spun (¢% Is 19,63) we [tte C se FF) Iewla & neal mire Pec wer kee Flan f liky- slob om Gears spur (61-415) tt (299 — Sar Die |at 5. On awry Stns cn beews Spon (3-68) = (0° Cee = 99a dene 6 One wy joist Flow She te (6 — Fis y~ Lt (3-82 — SIN) keto \MBiter SLANE oh ACL Cole Cacept Design 4 Geaeal Transveo toe Lary davhiw (p- Devil th Flow tay bine eavdeneny betueer He Clans This Creeds a sens of Mame tue whhegant Ar. 2- Drude tHe panale indy Cuan shijas ard mrolesha és sent 2 BP carta cvdth a . a Arecley os $ Design cach Kam sepeath us) ether Methreef CD-D-M) Meth (E€-FM) Dives Design Te. 2 Squivelewd Game "ha* Pm a a A a ae a j- Dedermm the ony fuel he | Areneets rn the olivechh he mee Wr a Jin of th fe Cie i, BOS 1g Dohibstien rinnsverthy fhe loa (Hulu memead s (ep clatribade et ed™ be al. sfriig ¥ mille drip y Phe 4p cheb € benen ) Jig Pevfamiry design precede da rd Sectin chines Y ven forcement Se Th ptedun of Analy’, cleser'bed. ave 1 cactua tig besweh 0 assumed climetsiea $ Re the adie ened. slab- These anamel dimensions have db Gmped” om vewrabls wrt, th cafenledecl limengiia, other repent clesrnn prvecluc Using new den. Nok ae cyck 1 Cnewgh aKeel smolts, Cs width mth _—s aleve Pane - 6 4* ig t+ — -——j—— —th —- ! Panel Pere © j an LLIB 8 Peaet G) ! : = \ 4 \ 4 oO i TA = S Lod bet ob Yh CS roth aus pie smal ee 2) To lat CS lh pe ) bs ct tse os Keser PMs ey / ot eb rae Of bul os Gaw cs cure (| ‘Ge. 2 2 with a av Im 2 Wie D> @ # PHY os wx cs zn |. ‘ ee Ne @ 7 + ~ ~ he mj © in| LQx Direct Devan Method (D-D-) See Liwidetims (ACL 17.61) y- There shel Be. ywemnen of thre CGnfinors Span ima each — Aivec fin LL Le LD (he Feeney stb Sy6hen) ge SuceeS8ie spans length th each clivec fin shesl net offer by — men than & the lore 5 jeer 2 ye) 0) Ger) Glumas mesy Tet ametiinin Adare ol Cle and fe 45) th ehirehin of eee iff se4 | | ag 4 g— 0 a S. oF ‘ 8 4— B G o 7 fe yest e. kL. 28 tel behie si ffeaess ch beams Ci ay) in ee €- Th vl ig chall be such tect: Perpendic Wow x K ao Nouje ot = Kr ut we Th limvdatn Ne 6 mast lay egplicel 1 ee, Be ioe BeFe menelethic Cartiny Sytden Ego Ee ie Ts * = % (rents fe i a = min( Gtk tay (Meacalbs of era Wb bea Ce ee bar: aso! _ exten bea — 4 ore Beka uae 6 act J a a eran 2 gbhraler Eee ee ee slab nleuent § Leech slo ir 3 tg = ut (e rm Fh pent Fp antl Cxang he Lind & f- bean’ ;-aihe ail talons cere cage Aen lal Phirhvass 70m-| (Few ba) -*2--Y I win CUED K Y= nin (FARE F ser) = Gz Sse 123% — ye bch? 9 57 t\ i Zz ZZ. . i bs mL ~s Sse ne pee wor £ iP ee t— at : ia Pn You » Baw bea x Ape Viemode Apoxwarh Tn ee ee le eee ts feet GE qt Ba ey ken Vee BAP = Lo ee (— - 18 ‘ Least AE = Lysz e mm =Sib Thick ae ss "cee fo (ACL g.3-hda zeit) a) fe Xe £62 or breemy skh syste wi'thus Whar beans amt ned be fess thaw protded by fle Vac specthteal a the Llu dale Mia. Thickaens: of ‘Stales Withee} Taser Beams Falenein 5 pifhowt Dae Panel [Eten Reaei|Takeoir Pane _| anct | Latent Paacy |wianoud | wth Saye | Ealie Benn | Bene Hoe |__| - bls? ba [76 Late | balyo | bal 4¥o | | Lalze Lal9e Lalor} lnpze | La fee bye | a3 ION | bape ey. Las chew Pa Nebo The whim Thies of slabs tthe tatenn lene mast wot be bus thod He Ftleaay)— pPae ele bh (Phot chp Araels > 2mm FG Slabs with clap Paneh > (00 meoa =e ees OOS q fs Lar fo te mn 2 En et ae) 2 36 + SB( AF, ~2-2) Si? Co re Kp, S26 2 a) dhe hon = Ll ged ae Stun. 36 +9F Arel at less thin Bo = elle ( (oy bh shed ) Syraas Io mn ee > Cleon Lory Site Lhowes »C leggy shed spa-- Ac Gcle Lartdehin we Prva Pronels Columa Capr'fol Cohanrer ase AN Gland S2e BSBXTS® All beams fil= 2s Mn fy 2 Mew HR fervia Lie (eee kn |? Use Direct Desiga Medthed te ole termine the slob moments .th slab thickness 4 Genlwaile Debermine “Le Fe bees sé ret fa Eels berm ne eth, Aa et GEA seam (yaetd, ost) ae S min) e687 ost) share Sie > o-S3+ety Sees i eamiiainl ACT ~ eke 2 7... « bho ie” ed D pore ximete pe xs OIF tt. ae —wTLee gee ee ee as 7 a9 FIPS welt 2 ge igame otp fia FU FOS at fe “3 7-40 width = pega, oF t.=, be ovFe 2 a G-o width 2 Gee hole = ge an ger mielth = Fo Holt Inq 2 Fon Ze wir Lb a Whe lees” Neus ba He ef CR =, geSy TT xp, > = 4.334 op, RG, a coe ao is Ge SPE Ky = eas ey wy, > 2252 Bs > asp 3-078 Dh The averse E lextares | astilferens of each pune| ares ee et he = pore fn) = 5-58! = ae 9.404 my =H &: 6. a (aesrs err snc tier) = g Fase 4 oe soba Pa Loge Kas at d- 274 +4 Br aye By - Erle = oly »_¥2 8 B fa : me uz 4 ae eign beatae q ae ee Ail & St 25 Sine - : o- _2 2/ Se haan 2 wbal 2+! 3+ GPRLys Clear lager Spa a ESAT = ZIS0» ba ~ clea chops Slaw SE GOeT Sbooman go b= Zi s /-265~ £a 56 yi Hdd °2 quso(et Fae) = by men 264 F165 As Assumest Life Esinty xl? ome chek th DDM Linthahin J- S#3 Panels sp ok te oe ae 2%. 255 Las ge Z- Sucegin Saas s Ley Zz pela, wah L tue = 42k ye No Gluma ffsef sete se DL —w shit > eA 4H = Y-og KS)ms bile, = oY ar 3 ee Fale Cecilia = = 8-416 packhias = e te FS kbp ‘ LL Jee Sak TL. © —— => als6- To cheek ant. eee Ss TAR Lt ~ eye —, 4 7 © a a ert Poh a 4 ® ce ie i i wen lai fo ua Bde | stabs E WULF U $. & oo FO ME Gasp 094 | el ® oe ee 99 1o3 ek aS 7~O*; a == — it @ Is 6.e F-2t F24tsI2 0-6 | ok @ as ese a s-7) oF | oka en d ml | Baten Ly | ba. (ocet Cert Ion) wa = (ocdored Ly = Fram’ width la = © dete. SAM +Nek A ceevelry hb ACL Cock Definition 5 Hhe : Cleov s Parken) shall entert fom foe h fac of Columas, Caprdul, bracket , or walls bud net lec flan 0-05 Ly iy leds ahs hl piled + Ey \ Lyn Severli S with Columa \ Cagifes | | | Flat plok SSS Ac —Y aes Flak plok ‘eat rE with Circ le oO Le hanes fee baadess 2 id Shot be Tras furw mth ihe = Fhe Crrervle- Ola me Cquielaat Sonat fo fed be~~ = ee Cnet oper * | | asl Re 1} Exh Nx [few Rie | Tashan gyte a) La reshaine ypprenccay nr Ze) - lye by oleh with bean between atl Supperds C) Slab with bea A) sleb vithenh beans between infer Supe > 2) enter a Laity oe ae+ a b £ | Bel sth ot. Ed, | Rae ae Unaasperrel an fede aa ods | oF 06s MT | o.63 | 037 ie Safe oO bic ok 6-7 G7 A Deke minehin af Lorgfduabad Monenty Gold Le ba zeus aa LT Evel 5p ~ Fame ty ta Me (a= mt) [Hr al obs | ots OG os7 0.9 este) 24 2a oy HL 4S BB pr Bus Bey fay SS MR RHR Gi FS \34y7 Seq 27) 17S 81 240 356 D 34 Uy |Soy- | 26 173° 493 up, lis% ae Sumasy of lryirulive! Morente oh ee 4 AMC > /), wy | an bios aot 5 : ee OR TT tia iy Ss B sx al 224 a se ges gg P fle lle Ege nS (oe aTransves Distri bubs £ lens italiial Memerd «- CB dishitpbren to Clann hie Boh & well EY Aces be ACL Gee [- Find the Aspect cabs lifts i Fl we) ee iic- Fine Ae eS _ re, Ls Sf, aelge bese Ychion a wrth F Slab fevsiiml ole bea aodhare AF Lehi & bersven | Shi ness xe 74 flexure) shffnos of epee Go He Shan length «F cb of Sufped- = a pest Cadets Eu, = Es pe mreore lo this Ry Sde- = Lk ey = Sa ' ie Le = Fyne lergth & Boaiteh eo 6, deX l of Seppe - Noke_tHadt a brezina, ee Be - @ fe x Gus Lp Be > 25. Fe Ro wal S Le J aaa leas ee bavsvene | mento Bi yx tsherd chins uf Cece Se ne Ci-267t) 2 Ye y borger dine E ee See 2bae eee ES fo ee _ CF, - sae rede lew COC egurelant Spree i = Colrern Capited , bracket meecsureel 17 the chvechioa of th for fe whith moment beiby clefemire , & Ais. ache! bear Zo Mim Shs LA _ _ te Deep Poae =| - shh. with Dee lade plok Pana ye bad. Pl a), SES, Ff Bane\ Gh Cpe Eolpe Slab with fla}. Ste with Gl, Guytt Prye panel Y Gl. Gah sortbe = bu t 4 a = min (4A) Nae ih on fb Cass Berk beam CHE) Dishibebin of i, & Chest to sts) = 0 a (% a) (hath oy Me, eam a aac Mes Note : we be =< L Ta adliia beams mast be prporhirw| wal Be Ay res moment Caused by loaal 5 eLipect hy bens, applied Been Purch & —SE ee @ ei. MM mast be lor temolls AistibateA Aro ss bi: whea Extend Catrsl ( Tans aiidi'buby bors, tha) 1— Debrminyy the Cevsricw| Gas tuad i ee 3 C2) Woe gl sp EAA 7 g | |Z - eo 63 a )e nee Pr od) (Ze (pone AOU yg Sites) e350 SI oi 2 a ieee - wea . pear Ee? me Ftien aFrame 4 eet f ia Meee sh SR val |-Endl SPen Node rr F2s 7 gate 7 ho Jo Badevie Ne Moread Sony oy ren bet wb = rk of, be = zoos SFE G Fs ’ , / re Fas em rt 2 Ceol = 24TH ot 45 75x ec jest 5 t 2re wpe ola ; heey ot aha elar ae | ‘L THR] wie boca | cet 0-88 roy 1 ere | i ST | \ oy } “ ay aan | \ 3H OP | Bl B82. | FAM se Uc heey : e : eas DM). SoBe rou 29U ene r Ayenat © 4? = Ws - |e Meng = F298 = 4 Map = (O41 = 12 x ié = GraphA = Off = 2-78 ee Lae FFE rhs =o F2It ~ 20 “BR2 02 2Y7 2 290-247 aM? 47-20 = B2 ot2 0 BS¥TZE = BNA Ene => Ge A ze 2 len Ls Me, = 276-314 = SF oM., = 0-#t™ 158 3 Mas = yse-TH6 2 BYU 0 > \oe Me pens = Yet kenenm big een thy = 42Y4 Kv TUF SI i Phieg a 2 EOE 245 ” 2 Meu > 248-2S> a Minis 2 4ry H—s4er FO Bee ie ot", = Str ete coff 2 o-F8 Jade yg. = 11 O EF * ts! x rity a eeemoges (FE TR 2 Ve Meu IPRS = eF etshea in Reams Beams with o irs) ar asumel Go 4 Gry de loed 02 th tribudugy aver hounded be Gate Ine Of - Curney 5 by US' dream fem Dane! paretle) te ry Sie ae Wilh slob WIN py beams (% fom slob 50 ehrecth fe Cohamas -‘ajo ounion ua se, & oot ‘savy No1saa st Syne o 50 ‘or 08 ». 0 ia tos oy voapiedly saanuomis ttef flue [orl gerry dy the “beavis Dh RGIA be ‘obkeu'nd by bheae pnferpe leh o>?ph — Flak plede y Flock Slahs sheav sdery = 1. Bean atcha | fecha ub acco th with ae elite at” Lam the Feecpe oor flo Iovary Cites !— ry Tk foe of Rebnrgelen Clam a (or & Geile) 12 Th few epuireluat The fou F ap pane! io gare Column (ov Gl. Gb 12 ves LAp be be = Pacameder alery fe ccifrel Fe ads cHerda Heth i section 1s Condo), betoute Note og het otha has shoke lergth | of wiley ave. Z.Shey —petth— feta Copied Gre 1 | | | a Zo lf be se 2 oa AD Za DD 3 és 4 j Hy A, = ot \ egquive bud sui at: TD*/y => ae {mo Gare aC) with De? ancl - “Taw posal cages of fb sik. aba be Chee kf yo ard Consrele— Pa ervhe| _ ™ onSeen ple Taveshgele shea sear ivderor Chun a fe the shown flede (ek with eal bean. beote that A oye Mons fel = 25M = LL e@jeA Im beard of steb oom wesh ply Flerrs - ats — DL Lensst Saluhien t= & 2 perk 32 514.4 mr Use t, = 2eo me Conref. Que 2 Zo me Uo Se d-2v- 20-12 -6 as Dest lool TEES eee =) GOIN flavin (SEL) =O” itary 2 2S Ess fin GS rales Ware (2 Db+ere La LAPS Ox MS 13-76 EM hy,f= CHEE BEAN Ee” Seite © Ma: wun A 1447 - 19 -Jon PGK pes = 299-9 FM Vez L Te dy of cee Geecgh kw < bo Wy: TN 2- Cheek Th - ney by a 2 CoBere Ho) = 264 — er {yb (eter 3h) Me bs | (Sta) ME Lod forch— (21 fr Neva) \) Crifel de. Me sma o- O83 where + light weykt Gneet a x lal infer Claman Ks Yo Fe go he ye lama mm ee | elie eee mopsVez ects sae {try Zevorsbe = EMI es News (ote + SA I bed 5 Be E274 = (oils LB )al ae SH zeyoul6o~ BIS-TT tas Me> 9089 (Ltarya dpe hed 5 &s= Yo _ ox Ube l6o ky anacons (ee a a2) eA SK PEACH EO = FIST ; New min | 616967 BIS IS PIS ¥) = 617 ve? 0. BH SUF = Hazes Bez pHs 0 FGa ee = Bure Ae Vue Wx 4 i = 18-Feu 24-6 = eyq-l9 ER Hote thot Vy = 644-17 S GMVe = 542 ~ We Need dy shen penfere met oo kes dL bent - bow aioe Pasir va ee Ay = Vy —EVe #h, sink lgVan Fe? = 26YGPS SIU SGP aeM Vs Ss = e oes Van & Ave Oe os 67 250N ares ma 06 sine o-yspeyes aay) fe. of bent 4S bas = 2G = [22 Tait prow ot a» 244 Un 2¢{lLe Josad baw “as \ * a beth lived’ 73ath of stabs and vy Eqs (3.110), where 6 = 0 indicates that he lose then d/2 10 perimeter band Fig. 13.23, sand sometimes types are shown structural tcl dition, hey may ‘cement shown in camsss of short point so thatthe forcement passes ped short of the The effectiveness cy and Haskins its action, but is 13.24bis suited ross the potential istnce sufficient designed mainly fat hottom plate sand usally 6 i FIGURE 13.24 Steareinfecemet ot Pits om nest ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLABS @ Welded S enn! Stel sanges sections car — sin ste ‘column i © @) ; ‘sed in conjunction with shear pads welded directly to the column surfaces below the calla to tansfer the verti reaction, Another type of shear reinforcement is ilustated in Fig. 13.24, where vertical stirups have been used in conjunction with supplementary horizontal bars radiating ‘outward in two perpendicular directions from the suppor, to form whet ae teed integra! beams contained entirely within the slab thickness. These beams act inthe same general way asthe shearheads shown in Fig. 13.24a and c. Adequate anchorage ‘of the sips is iffoult in slabs thinner than about 250 rom, ACL Code .11.3 requis the slab elfective depth dto beat east 150 mm, but not ess than 16 mes the466 DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES. Cipier 18 FIGURE 1324 consi ameter ofthe sheat reinforcement. In all cases, closed hoop stirups shouldbe used, wth a large-diameter horizontal bar at each bend point, and the stimups must be tr minated with a standard hook (Ref. 13.19) Headed shear stud reinforcement, shown in Fig. 13.24f, is governed tiy ACL Code 11-115, This consists of large-head studs welded to stel strips. The strips are ‘supported on wire chairs during construction to maintain the required concrete cover to the botiom of the stab below the strip, and the usual cover is maintained over the top of the head. Because of the positive anchorage provided by the stud head and the stel stip, these devices are more effective, according to test, than either the bent bar or imegral beam reinforcement (Refs, 13.20 and 13.21). In addition, they can be ‘more easily, with less interference with other reinforcement, than other «ypes Design of Bent-Bar Reinforcement If shear reinforcement in the fortn of bars is used (Fig. 13.246), the limit value of nominal shear stength V, caloulated a the critical section 4/2 fom te suppor face, may be increase to 057" bd according to ACI Code 11113. ‘Te shear esi ne ofthe concrete reduced 0 0.17A Vb, and reinforcement ust provide for the exces shear above 6. The ttl bar ares A, crossing the crcl setion at slope ange a is easily obtained by equating the vertical component ofthe sel force tothe eto be accommodates excess shear for oA, f sine = V,- OK, ‘Where inclined shear reinforéement is all bent at the same distance from support y, sin a is not to exceed 0.25 VF" hyd, according t0 ACI Code 114. the reinforcement for shear is found by transposing the preceding equation V- oy, sina 13.12)