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DESCRIBING PROJECTILE
MOTION
for SCIENCE Grade 9
Quarter 4 / Week 1

NegOr_Q4_Science 9_SLK Week 1_v2

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 FOREWORD

In our school, students love to play basketball, volleyball,

soccer, table tennis, and other sports. In basketball, a player will
get a point if the ball shots in the ring. If we will observe the ball, it
moves in a projectile motion.

In this Self Learning Kit, the learners will identify projectile

motion. They will describe the horizontal and vertical motions of a
projectile.

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 OBJECTIVES
K: Identify projectile motion, velocity, and acceleration.
S: Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile
A: Show appreciation in illustrating the horizontal and vertical
motion of a projectile.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile.
S9FE-IVa-34

I. WHAT HAPPENED

Hi! I’m Chris. Together with

Chammy, we will guide you
in this Self Learning Kit (SLK)
which talks about
PROJECTILE MOTION!

PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is a vector quantity that is defined as the rate at which the
object changes its velocity.
a. acceleration c. velocity
b. projectile motion d. gravity
2. It is defined as a vector measurement of the rate and direction of
motion.
a. acceleration c. velocity
b. projectile motion d. gravity

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3. A form of motion experienced by an object or particle that is projected
near the Earth’s surface and moves along a curved path under the action
of gravity only.
a. acceleration c. velocity
b. projectile motion d. gravity
4. It is the force by which the planet or other body draws object toward its
center.
a. acceleration c. velocity
b. projectile motion d. gravity
5. What is the accepted value of acceleration due to gravity?
a. 9.8 m/s b. 9.8 m/s2 c. 9.8 m d. 9.8 s

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

DISCUSSION

Learners are expected to describe about the motions in two

dimensions, projectile motion. In previous lesson, learners learn about motion
in straight-line. A car moving in a horizontal motion along a straight path and
a stone falling vertically from a fourth building to the ground. But now, how
about objects experiences moving along horizontally and the same time
vertically. This kind of motion is called projectile motion.

Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced by an object or

particle (a projectile) that is projected near the Earth's surface and moves
along a curved path under the action of gravity only (in particular, the
effects of air resistance are passive and assumed to be negligible). This
curved path was shown by Galileo to be a parabola, but may also be a line
in the special case when it is thrown directly upwards. The study of such
motions is called ballistics, and such a trajectory is a ballistic trajectory. The
only force of mathematical significance that is actively exerted on the
object is gravity, which acts downward, thus imparting to the object a
downward acceleration towards the Earth’s center of mass. Because of the
object's inertia, no external force is needed to maintain the horizontal
velocity component of the object's motion. Taking other forces into
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account, such as aerodynamic drag or internal propulsion (such as in
a rocket), requires additional analysis.

A ballistic missile is a missile only guided during the relatively brief

initial powered phase of flight, and whose remaining course is governed by
the laws of classical mechanics.

Projectile Fired Horizontally

Consider the cannonball launched by a cannon from the top of a
very high cliff. Suppose that the cannonball is launched horizontally with no
upward angle whatsoever and with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. Velocity is
defined as a vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion. If
there were no gravity, the cannonball would continue in motion at 20 m/s in
the horizontal direction. Yes, gravity causes the cannonball to accelerate
downwards at a rate of 9.8 m/s/s. This means that the vertical velocity is
changing by 9.8 m/s every second. If a vector diagram (showing the
velocity of the cannonball at 1-second intervals of time) is used to represent
how the x- and y-components of the velocity of the cannonball is changing
with time, then x- and y- velocity vectors could be drawn and their
magnitudes labeled. The lengths of the vector arrows are representative of
the magnitudes of that quantity. Such a diagram is shown below.

The important concept depicted in the above vector diagram is that

the horizontal velocity remains constant during the trajectory and the vertical
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velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second. These same two concepts could
be depicted by a table illustrating how the x- and y-component of the
velocity vary with time.

Time Horizontal Velocity Vertical Velocity

0 20 m/s 0
1 20 m/s 9.8 m/s down
2 20 m/s 19.6 m/s down
3 20 m/s 29.4 m/s down
4 20 m/s 39.2 m/s down
5 20 m/s 49.0 m/s down

Projectile fired at an Angle

But what if the projectile is launched upward at an angle to the
horizontal? How would the horizontal and vertical velocity values change
with time? How would the numerical values differ from the previously
shown diagram for a horizontally launched projectile? The diagram below
reveals the answers to these questions. The diagram depicts an object
launched upward with a velocity of 75.7 m/s at an angle of 15 degrees
above the horizontal. For such an initial velocity, the object would initially
be moving 19.6 m/s, upward and 73.1 m/s, rightward. These values are x-
and y-components of the initial velocity and will be discussed in more
detail in the next part of this lesson.

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Again, the important concept depicted in the above diagram is that the
horizontal velocity remains constant during the trajectory and the vertical
velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second. These same two concepts could
be depicted by a table illustrating how the x- and y-component of the
velocity vary with time.

Time Horizontal Velocity Vertical Velocity

0 73.1 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, up
1 73.1 m/s, right 9.8 m/s, up
2 73.1 m/s, right 0
3 73.1 m/s, right 9.8 m/s, down
4 73.1 m/s, right 19.6 m/s, down
5 73.1 m/s, right 29.4 m/s, down
6 73.1 m/s, right 39.2 m/s, down
7 73.1 m/s, right 49.0 m/s, down

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 The numerical information in both the diagram and the table above
further illustrates the two key principles of projectile motion - there is a
horizontal velocity that is constant and a vertical velocity that changes by
9.8 m/s each second. As the projectile rises towards its peak, it is slowing
down (19.6 m/s to 9.8 m/s to 0 m/s); and as it falls from its peak, it is
speeding up (0 m/s to 9.8 m/s to 19.6 m/s to ...). Finally,
the symmetrical nature of the projectile's motion can be seen in the
diagram above: the vertical speed one second before reaching its peak is
the same as the vertical speed one second after falling from its peak. The
vertical speed two seconds before reaching its peak is the same as the
vertical speed two seconds after falling from its peak. For non-horizontally
launched projectiles, the direction of the velocity vector is sometimes
considered + on the way up and - on the way down; yet the magnitude of
the vertical velocity (i.e., vertical speed) is the same an equal interval of
time on either side of its peak. At the peak itself, the vertical velocity is 0
m/s; the velocity vector is entirely horizontal at this point in the trajectory.
These concepts are further illustrated by the diagram below for a non-
horizontally launched projectile that lands at the same height as which it is
launched.

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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST TEST

TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is not. Write your
answers in your notebook/answer sheet.

1. Acceleration is a vector quantity that is defined as the rate at which

the object changes its velocity.
2. At the peak of the projectile motion, the horizontal velocity is 0 m/s.
3. Velocity is defined as a vector measurement of the rate and direction
of motion.
4. Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced by an object or
particle that is projected near the Earth’s surface and moves along a curved
path under the action of gravity only.
5. Speed is the force by which the planet or other body draws object
toward its center.
6. The accepted value of acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
7. At the peak of the projectile motion, the vertical velocity is 0 m/s.

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REFERENCES

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-
2/Horizontal-and-Vertical-Components-of-Velocity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile_motion

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/ CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS– Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

CHRISTOPHER D. YANGAN
Writer

DEXTER TAYKO
Illustrator

STEPHEN C. BALDADO
HELBERT P. OJARIO
Lay-out Artists
_____________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ADELINE FE D. DIMAANO
VICENTE B. MONGCOPA
FLORENTINA P. PASAJINGUE
BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
EUFRATES G. ANSOK, JR.
ROWENA R. DINOKOT
CHRISTINE A. GARSOLA
LESTER C. PABALINAS

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning
modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully
researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly
instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to
copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS AND ABOUT THE AUTHOR

This Self Learning Kit describes

the horizontal and vertical motion
of a projectile. It’s The most
important fact to remember here is
that motions along perpendicular
axes are independent and thus
can be analyzed separately. To
describe motion, we must deal with
velocity and acceleration.

AUTHOR, ILLUSTRATOR, LAY-OUT ARTIST

Mr. Christopher D. Yangan graduated with the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics in
Negros Oriental State University in the year 2009. He is
a Teacher I in Maria Macahig National High School,
Bonawon, Siaton, Negros Oriental since 2014-present.
He is the district science coordinator in Siaton IV
District.

Mr. Dexter Tayko is a graduate of Alternative

Learning System (ALS) in year 2019. He has a National
Certificate II in Bread and Pastry Production. He is
currently working at Henia Hotel, Dumaguete City.

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