Signals and Systems I (2016506) - 2018-1

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Tutorial 5 - CT Fourier Series

Teaching assistant: Sergio Andrés Dorado-Rojas (sadorador@unal.edu.co)

1 synthesis and analysis equations

Synthesis equations
∞
Trigonometric
form
x ( t ) = a0 + ∑ [an cos (nω0 t) + bn sin (nω0 t)]
n =1
Complex
exponential x (t) = ∑∞
n=−∞ c̄n e
jω0 nt

form
Analysis equations
1 h x ( t ), 1i < T >
Z
a0 = x (t) dt =
T <T > ||1||2<T >
Trigonometric 2 h x (t) , cos (nω0 t)i<T >
Z
an = x (t) cos (nω0 t) dt =
form T <T > || cos (nω0 t) ||2<T >
2 h x (t) , sin (nω0 t)i<T >
Z
bn = x (t) sin (nω0 ) tdt =
T <T > || sin (nω0 t) ||2<T >
Complex x (t), e− jnω0 t
1
Z
exponential c̄n = x (t) e− jnω0 t dt = <T >

form
T <T > ||1||2<T >

2 relationship between forms

Complex
Trigonometric Amplitude-phase
exponential
form form
form
an − jbn = An ∠φn = 2c̄n
√
a2n +bn2
2 ∠ − tan−1 bann = An
2 ∠φn = |c̄n |∠θn

3 summary of symmetry results

Simplification Trigonometric Complex exponential

bn = 0 4
c̄n = T2 < T > x (t) cos (nω0 t) dt
R R
Even an = T < T > x ( t ) cos ( nω0 t ) dt
c̄n real 2 2

an = 0 4
R − j2 R
Odd bn = T < T2 > x (t) sin (nω0 t) dt c̄n = T < T2 > x (t) sin (nω0 t) dt
c̄n imaginary
4
Z
a n = bn = 0 an = x (t) cos (nω0 t) dt
x (t) e− jnω0 t dt
( R
2
T < T2 > T < T2 > n odd
Half-wave c̄n = 0 c̄n =
4
Z
(for n even) bn = x (t) sin (nω0 t) dt 0 n even
T < T2 >
( R
8
bn = 0 T x (t) cos (nω0 t) dt n odd
an = T < 4 >
( R
4
Half-wave T < T4 > x (t) cos (nω0 t) dt n odd
an = c̄n = 0 0 n even c̄n =
and even 0 n even
(for n even)
bn =0 for all n
an =0 for all n
an = 0 ( − j4 R
x (t) sin (nω0 t) dt n odd
Half-wave ( R
8 T < T4 >
bn = c̄n = 0 T < T4 > x (t) sin (nω0 t) dt n odd c̄n =
and odd bn = 0 n even
(for n even) 0 n even