Signals and Systems I (2016506) - 2018-1

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Tutorial 4 - Fourier Series (Appendix 2)

Teaching assistant: Sergio Andrés Dorado-Rojas (sadorador@unal.edu.co)

1 some important trigonometric formulas and identities

Trigonometric formulas and identities

Fundamental identities Co-function formulas

sin2 u + cos2 u = 1


± sin u = cos u ∓ π2

1 + tan2 u = sec2 u = cos12 u cos u = sin u ± π2
1 + cot2 u = csc2 u = 12
sin u
Addition and substraction formulas Double-angle formulas
sin (u ± v) = sin u cos v ± sin v cos u sin 2u = 2 sin u cos u
cos 2u = cos2 u − sin2 u
cos (u ± v) = cos u cos v ∓ sin u sin v =1 − 2 sin2 u
=2 cos2 u − 1
tan u+tan v 2 tan u
tan (u ± v) = 1∓tan u tan v tan 2u = 1− tan2 u
Half-angle formulas*
q Half-angle identities
sin u2 = ± 1−cos u
sin2 u = 1−cos 2u


q 2 2
cos u2 = ± 1+cos u
cos2 u = 1+cos 2u


r 2 2
u 1 − cos u
tan =±
2 1 + cos u
1 − cos u tan2 u = 1−cos 2u
= 1+cos 2u
sin u
sin u
=
1 + cos u
Sum to product  formulas
   Product to sum formulas
sin a + sin b = 2 sin a+2 b cos a−2 b sin u cos v = 1
2 [sin ( u + v ) + sin ( u − v )]
   
sin a + sin b = 2 sin a+2 b cos a−2 b cos u sin v = 1
2 [sin ( u + v ) − sin ( u − v )]
   
sin a + sin b = 2 sin a+2 b cos a−2 b cos u cos v = 1
2 [cos ( u + v ) + cos ( u − v )]
   
sin a + sin b = 2 sin a+2 b cos a−2 b sin u sin v = 1
2 [cos ( u − v ) + cos ( u + v )]

*The sign depends on the quadrant on which u2 lies: it must correspond to the sign of the
respective trigonometric function in the quadrant.