CENGR4120– Flood Control and Drainage Design

ACTIVITY NO. 1 – CASE ANALYSIS

I. Time Context
Infanta is one of the oldest towns in the Province of Quezon. It is a coastal community and
a great gateway to the Pacific Ocean. Having a geographical location located as a catch basin,
Infanta is classified to have a climate with no dry season. Because of these, residents in Infanta,
Quezon has been experiencing flooding for several years now. This recurring disaster lead people
to conduct a research regarding this matter. Tropical storms and heavy rainfalls are great
contributors of flooding in the said municipality. Thus, the time context for this case analysis is
from the month of June to November because these months accommodate the rainy/wet season in
the Philippines. Aside from the months of wet season, December to February will also be included
since Infanta has prolonged period of maximum rainfall from November to February.

II. Point of View

Based from the given case entitled as "Assessment of the Existing Drainage System in
Infanta, Quezon Province for Flood Hazard Management using Analytical Hierarchy Process", the
researchers were the ones who made the final recommendations. Their point of view focused
mainly on risk analysis of the existing drainage system in Infanta, Quezon Province excluding all
future drainage lines that are to be constructed. Furthermore, flooding is the only potential hazard
considered in their study, other natural disasters like earthquakes and landslides are ruled out. They
were able to produce a map with several parameters that can help assess hazards in the drainage
of Infanta. In the end, researchers recommended their map to the local government unit as their
basis for their future rehabilitation plans in the area.
III. Statement of the Problem
Philippines had been blessed with many different types of bodies of water like rivers, lakes,
and streams. Filipinos don’t likely be problematic in lack of water resources but be affected by the
effects of too much water supply, given that typhoons and rainfall is frequent in the country, which
my lead to flooding caused by poor water drainage. The records of flooding in the Philippines is
one the most devastating natural disasters that already took numerous lives, and large monetary
economic losses. Flooding is the second herbal catastrophe this is most-in all likelihood to arise
withinside the Philippines having 31.9%, based from the information of the International Disaster
Database 2015. Infanta, Quezon Province is one in every of the municipalities in the country that
reports flooding frequently. Drainage system in the place had been constantly rehabilitated
however because of lack and loss of budget, they couldn't improve all of the channel withinside
the municipality. Flooding problem in the place ends in growth in mortality, harm to properties,
belongings and loss of lives and livelihood. With that, the case study have focused on the radical
assessment of existing drainage system in the municipality of Infanta, Quezon Province.
IV. Statement of Objectives
The objectives of this research is to provide the optimum approaches and possible solutions
to mitigate the problem of floods in the municipality. One objective is to locate which drainage
line in the municipality is at the most risk of causing flooding problem considering important
factors such as elevation, population, soil permeability, rainfall intensity, flow discharge of
drainage, distance from river basin to drainage line, and land cover.determined in the study through
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Researchers in this study did an initial assessment of the
adequacy of the existing drainage in the area based on the as-built plan provided by the
municipality. Also, this research study focused mainly on risk analysis of the existing drainage
system in Infanta, Quezon Province. It didn’t cover those drainage lines that are to be constructed
in the future. The researchers identified flooding as the only potential hazards in the study, other
disasters were not considered such as earthquakes and landslides. Surveys for Analytical Hierarchy
Process were only given to experts to provide significant results. This research wants o provide
information that could potentially help the municipality of infanta to create great solutions to the
said problem. The information that was gathered will potentially help the community and
government to identify the cause of the flooding problem and this study also help to give good
alternative solution.
V. Areas of Consideration (SWOT Analysis)

STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

1. Use of Geographic 1. Limitation of 1. Potential Use of 1. Flood Contributing
Location and Parameters Developed Drainage Factors May Vary
Municipal Drainage System Risk Map on Local Through Time
Layout Drainage Planning

2. As-Built Plan of 2. Incompatibility of 2. Proper Allocation 2. Map is at Risk of

Drainage and Parameters on of Limited Being Out-dated
Historical Records Varying Drainage Government Funds

3. Digital Elevation 3. Lack of Actual 3. Extensive Use of

Model (LIDAR and Sightseeing on Flood the Same Method of
Images from Google Occurrence Assessment on
Earth & Street view) Drainage Systems of
Other Localities
4. Analytical 4. Absence of 4. Future Reference
Heirarchy Process Specific Actions to for Risks Assessment
Lessen the Impacts of of More Innovative
Each Flood Factors Drainage System

5. Drainage Risk Map 5. Inspiration for

More Effective
Drainage System
Designs

STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES, THREATS (SWOT) ANALYSIS.

i. STRENGTHS
 1. Use of Geographic Location and Municipal Drainage Layout
- Utilization of geographic location and municipal drainage layout provide an easement
on assesing current condition of drainage system in Infanta, Quezon.
2. As-Built Plan of Drainage and Historical Records
- These serve as primary data in checking background information that are useful before
and even after the drainage assessment.
3. Digital Elevation Model (LIDAR and Images from Google Earth & Streetview)
- These are the secondary data that provides digital information on terrain elevations which
are useful during analysis.
4. Analytical Hierary Process
- An important tool in determining weight of each flood contributing factor such as
inadequacy of drainage system, historical rainfall records, elevations, land cover, soil
permeability, distance to river and population
5. Drainage Risk Map
- The developed drainage risk map gives an over-all significance to the study because it is
the final product that can be utilized in planning efficient drainage construction and
rehabilitation with a limited amount of funds.

ii. WEAKNESSES
1. Limitation of Parameters
- Absence of other parameters such as drainage system construction materials,
approximate ammount of garbage on drainage, and number of existing trees, etc., May
reduce the accuracy of the result.
2. Incompatibility of Parameters on Varying Drainage System
- Variation of the location, surroundings, materials and design of drainage system makes
the used parameters incompatible if applied to other drainage system.
3. Lack of Actual Sightseeing on Flood Occurrence
- Without actual sightseeing of the flood, assessment of drainage system base only on
historical records and human perceptions may cause significance discrepancy on the result.
4. Absence of Specific Actions to Lessen the Impacts of Each Flood Factors
- Even though the risk assessment of each drainage structure has been completed, trusting
the flood prevention on construction of drainage alone is insufficient. Rather, they must of
course lessen the impacts of each factor that worsen the flood condition.

iii. OPPORTUNITIES
1. Potential Use of Developed Drainage Risk Map on Local Drainage Planning
- The drainage risk map that is created after drainage assessment can be use by the local
government units in planning efficient drainage system.
2. Proper Allocation of Limited Government Funds
- Since the developed map shows the drainage structures that are at the least and at the
most risk, LGU can allocate their budget in a most efficient way.
3. Extensive Use of the Same Method of Assessment on Drainage Systems of Other
Localities
- The nearly identical features of drainage systems in the Philippines makes it possible for
the utilization of the same approach of drainage assessment widely.
4. Future Reference for Risks Assessment of More Innovative Drainage System
 - The current assessment method is a potential reference for assessment of more complex
drainage structures that may be built in the future.
5. Inspiration for More Effective Drainage System Designs
- As the major flooding factors are identified by the assessment, engineers can take those
as fuel for further improvement of current drainage system that can withstand a more
severe conditions.

iv. THREATS
1. Flood Contributing Factors May Vary Through Time
- Since the world is in a constant phase of changes, various flood contributing factors may
arise, while others may vanish.
2. Map is at Risk of Being Out-dated
- Construction of new drainage system and rehabilitation of existing one may change the
degree of drainage risk in the locality. This will make the drainage risks map irrelevant.

VI. Analysis of Action Plan

Situation Advantages/Disadvantages Resources Timeline Action
Use of Utilization of geographic Local October Inspect and test all
geographic location and municipal Government 2021 – necessary
location and drainage layout provide an Unit (LGU) of December materials and
municipal easement on assessing Infanta, 2021 backup plan in
drainage current condition of Quezon, Action flood control
layout. drainage system in Infanta, Plan Leader, system
Quezon. Engineers and
Layout
Manager
As-Built Plan These serve as primary data Historical data October Provide data and
of Drainage in checking background involving flood 2021 – researchers
and Historical information that are useful in Infanta, November involving flood
Records before and even after the Quezon, skilled 2021 factors in Infanta,
drainage assessment. civil engineers. Quezon
Digital These are the secondary Google Earth, October Analyze the
Elevation data that provides digital researchers 2021 – elevation factors
Model information on terrain November and identify
(LIDAR and elevations which are useful 2021 geographical
Images from during analysis. location based on
Google Earth the flood risk
& Streetview)

Analytical An important tool in Researchers, November Identify the

Hierarchy determining weight of each Plan Leader 2021 – significant factors
Process flood contributing factor January involving land use
such as inadequacy of 2022 and population
drainage system, historical
 rainfall records, elevations, that affects the
land cover, soil entire town.
permeability, distance to
river and population
Drainage Risk The developed drainage risk Skilled Civil October Provide a clear
Map map gives an over-all Engineers, 2021 – drainage risk map
significance to the study Geodetic Nove,ber in the municipal
because it is the final Engineers 2021 hall involving
product that can be utilized assessment and
in planning efficient parameters.
drainage construction and
rehabilitation with a limited
amount of funds.
Limitation of Absence of other Local October Hire additional
Parameters parameters such as drainage Government 2021 – employees and
system construction Unit (LGU) of January resources
materials, approximate Infanta, Quezon 2022
amount of garbage on
drainage, and number of
existing trees, etc., May
reduce the accuracy of the
result.
Incompatibility Variation of the location, Drainage November Provide adequate
of Parameters surroundings, materials and Engineers 2021 – plan, add budgets
on Varying design of drainage system January for flood control.
Drainage makes the used parameters 2022
System incompatible if applied to
other drainage system.
Lack of Actual Without actual sightseeing Local October Monitor and
Sightseeing on of the flood, assessment of Government 2021 – continue to ensure
Flood drainage system base only Unit (LGU) of November the safety of the
Occurrence on historical records and Infanta, 2021 entire Infanta,
human perceptions may Quezon, Action Quezon by
cause significance Plan Leader, providing regular
discrepancy on the result Engineers inspections
Absence of Even though the risk Plan Leader, October Maintaining the
Specific assessment of each drainage and LGU 2021- cleanliness of the
Actions to structure has been February town, proper
Lessen the completed, trusting the 2022 drainage system
Impacts of flood prevention on and segregation of
Each Flood construction of drainage waste to avoid
Factors alone is insufficient. Rather, additional
they must of course lessen problems, and
the impacts of each factor inspect the flood
that worsen the flood condition.
condition.
 VII. Conclusions/Recommendations
Due to frequent calamities and disasters in Infanta, their municipality lack funds in
rehabilitating affected areas all the time. The researchers opted to identify the roots of the problem
and created a solution in order to improve the flooding in their municipality. Instead of just
rehabilitating the whole place every time they experience calamity, the researchers wanted to
prevent further flooding problem by using the map they designed as basis for future rehabilitation
plans of local government unit. However, parameters like materials of the drainage were not
included. According to the researchers, further study can still improve the data they have collected.
In summary, the methodology formulated by the researchers are effective enough as they were
able to satisfy all their research objectives.
 GROUP MEMBERS:

DAVID, DIANA A.
ESTEBAN, JIZEL M.
MAGBUAL, OSCAR S.A.
MALONG, RONNEL P.
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