LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Transforming Quadratic Function defined by y = ax? + bx + ¢ into the form y = a (x—h)?+k Background Information for Learners The equation y = ax? + bx +c, where a, b, ¢ are real numbers and a # 0, defines a quadratic function and will be referred to as the general form of the quadratic function. The graph of the quadratic function which is a U-shaped curve is called parabola and can be obtained by locating the coordinates of its vertex, the turning point of the graph. It is easy to find the vertex and graph the parabola when the quadratic function defined by y= ax? + bx +c is transformed into the form y = a(x — h)? + k. This transformation can be done using the method of completing the square yrax’ tox te General form Y=Cax? + bx +e Group together the terms containing the variable x. yaa(e + tx)ee Factor out a ysa(xt+2xth)te- Compute the expression in the parenthesis to produce @ perfect square trinomial by adding the square of one half the numerical coefficient ceed ofx, (2) = and subtracting the same value from the constant term +i Simplify by expressing the perfect square trinomial as the square of a binomial and yra(e a 2 w combine constant terms cand — yaace—h)+k Rename, where h =~ and The form y = a(x — h)® + k is called the vertex form of the quadratic function where a, h and k are real numbers and @ # 0. This transformation can also be done by substituting the solved values of h and kin y= a(x— fh)? + k. Using the values of a, b and cin y= ax? +bx +c, hand k can be solved using the formulas h = — and k = ==" Example 1: Transform each quadratic function in vertex form by completing the square. Then, give the value of a, h and k. a yo —6x+8 b. y= —x? + 6x -8Solution: a yar - O48 VHC? =) 48 a? — 6x9 O- 9 a xt + 6x) 8 C8 - 6x) - 8 c. yar — 4x45 wH(22 — A) 45 Va2xt = Ww) 4S Vad — Wt 45-2 Group together the terms containing the variable x. Compute the expression in the parenthesis to produce a perfect square trinomial by adding the square of one half the numerical coefficient of x, (£)" = (3)? = 9: and subtracting the same value from the constant term. Simplify by expressing the perfect square ‘rinomial x? - 6x-+9 as the square of a binomial (x — 3)? and solve constant terms 8-9=-1 Group together the terms cont ing x Factor out ~ 1 from the expressions =x? + 6x (2 — 6x +9) — 8 — 9) Compute the expression in the parenthesis to produce a perfect square tinomial by aang the square of one half the numerical coeticient of x (-!)'=(3)*=9 and ‘subtracting the product of -(9 = -9 from the constant term. Group together the terms containing the variable x. Factor out 2 from 2x? — 4x. ‘Compute the expression in the parenthesis to produce a perfect square trinomial by adding the square of one half the numerical coefficient of x, (-2) =(-1)*=7 and ‘subtracting the product of 2(1) = 2 from the constant term,Solution: a yas — 6 +8 yo? — 6x) 4.8 =O? -— 6x4 YF 8-9 b. ya— a+ 6x — 8 VHP + 6) - 8 ya- OP 6) - 8 ya-@ - 3% +1 a=-1,h=3,k= c ya2? — 445 ya(2? = 4) +5 YHU8 = WES yo? — 41) 45 — Group together the terms containing the variable x. Compute the expression in the parenthesis to produce a perfect square trinomial by adding the square of one half the numerical coeticient of x, (£)° = (@)* = 9; and subtracting the same value from the constant term. Simplify by expressing the perfect square trinomial x2 — 6x +9 as the square of a binomial (x - 3)? and solve constant terms 8-9=-1 Group together the terms containing x. Factor out ~ 1 from the expressions =x? + 6x (x? — 6x +9) — 8 — (9) Compute the expression in the parenthesis to produce a perfect square trinomial by ‘adding the square of one half the numerical coefficient of x, (-$) =(-3)'=9 and subtracting the product of -(9) = -9 from the constant term. Simplify by expressing the perfect square tinomial x? — 6x +9 as the square of a binomial (x — 3)? and solve constant terms Group together the terms containing the variable x. Factor out 2 from 2x’ — 4x. ‘Compute the expression in the parenthesis to produce a perfect square trinomial by adding the square of one half the numerical coefficient of x, (-2) =(-1)?= 7 and subtracting the product of 2(1) = 2 from the constant term.Simplify by expressing the perfect square Ya? AP 43 trinomial x? — 2x+1 as the square of a binomial shen kes (x ~ 1)? and solve constant terms 5 -2=3 y= ~ 3x? + 24K 42 ya(— Be 4 24x) 42 Group together the terms containing the variable x Factor out 3 from — 3x? + 24x. y= sf x) 42 actor out -3 from + (x? — Bx + 16) ~ 42 ~ (48) Compute the expression in the parenthesis to produce @ perfect square trinomial by adding the square of one half the numerical coefficient ofx, (-8)" = (—4)? = 16 and subtracting the product of ~3(16) = ~48 from the constant term, Simplify by expressing the perfect square ya Se 4 P46 trinomial x? - x +16 as the square of a binomial (x-4)* and solve constant terms 42 = (48) =~ 42 + 48-6, =6 Example 2: Solve for the values of h and k. Then, transform the given quadratic function in the form y= a(x—h)? +k a ya - oreo bo y= + ow -8 c. yaexl ~ 445 Solution: a. Inthe equation y=? — 6x + B.a=1,b= 6andc=8. Thus, Use the formula, ft = ‘Substitute the values of b =~ 6 anda Perform the indicated operations, then simplify. 4ac—b? sae-0? ke Use the formula, = $= 4 2-H 40 Substitute the values of a= 1, b=—6 andc=8 32-36 Perform the indicated operations, then simplify.Using the values of a Sand k==1, transform y=x? - ox + 8 inthe form y=a (x—hF +k. y= 1 (x- 3) + (1) Substitute the values of a, hand k y= 3-7 Then, simplify b. Inthe equation y= — x7 + 6x ~ 8, a=-1,b=6ando=~8. Thus, 4ac—b? a p= ADC) — (oF 4-1) 32-36 k Using the values of a =—1,.h inthe form y= a (x— A}? +k. ‘Substitute the values of a, hand k Then, simplify.Learning Competency with cod ‘Transforms quadratic function defined by y = ax? + bx +c into the form y = a(x — h}? + k (M9AL-th-1) General Directions: Read all the directions carefully. Analyze every question. Answer each item properly. Exercises Practice A: Good LOCK! Directions: Open the PADLOCK tt its corresponding KEY by finding the equivalent quadratic function in the form y = ax? + bx + ¢ and y = a(x — h)? + k. Drawa line to match cr (7 sf (O ¥=8-23 0 ° (0 Or Bs8 > b fo a ° year o aD Practice 8: Transform to Vertex Form Directions: Transform each quadratic function in the form y = a(x —h)? + k. Then, identify the value of a, h and k. Quadratic Function y=a(x—hP +k a h k Ty =x + Ox +20 Ox (e+ +3 Cx 2x 1) + (Fx)