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ebook download (eBook PDF) Practical Program Evaluation: Theory-Driven Evaluation and the Integrated Evaluation Perspective 2nd Edition all chapter
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Goals and Outcomes 71
Determinants 71
Intervention or Treatment 73
Components of the Action Model 74
Intervention and Service Delivery Protocols 74
Implementing Organizations: Assess, Enhance,
and Ensure Their Capabilities 75
Program Implementers: Recruit, Train, and
Maintain Both Competency and Commitment 76
Associate Organizations/Community Partners:
Establish Collaborations 76
Ecological Context: Seek the Support of the Environment 77
Target Population: Identify, Recruit, Screen, Serve 78
Relationships Among Components of the Action
Model/Change Model Schema 79
Applying the Action Model/Change Model Schema:
An Example 82
Change Model 84
Action Model 84
Some Advantages of Using the Action Model/Change
Model Schema 84
Facilitation of Holistic Assessment 84
Provision of Comprehensive Information
Needed to Improve Programs 85
Delineation of a Strategy to Consider Stakeholders’
Views and Interests 85
Flexible Application of Research Methods to
Serve Evaluation Needs 86
Aid to Selecting the Most Suitable
Approaches or Methods 86
Helping Stakeholders Gear Up (or Clear Up) Their
Action Model/Change Model Schema 86
Reviewing Existing Documents and Materials 87
Clarifying Stakeholders’ Theory 87
Participatory Modes for Development Facilitation 88
Theorizing Procedures for Development Facilitation 89
Preparing a Rough Draft That Facilitates Discussion 91
Applications of Logic Models and the Action Model/Change
Model Schema 92
Questions for Reflection 92
PART II: Program Evaluation to
Help Stakeholders Develop a Program Plan 95
Chapter 4. Helping Stakeholders Clarify a Program Plan: Program Scope 97
The Program Plan, Program Scope, and Action Plan 97
Conceptual Framework of the Program Scope 98
Why Develop a Program Scope? 100
Strategies for Articulating the Program Scope 100
Background Information Provision Strategy and Approaches 101
Needs Assessment 101
Formative Research 102
The Conceptualization Facilitation Approach:
A Part of the Development Facilitation Strategy 103
Working Group or Intensive Interview Format? 103
Theorizing Methods 104
Determinants and Types of Action
Model/Change Model Schemas 109
Choosing Interventions/Treatments That Affect
the Determinant 110
The Relevancy Testing Approach: A Part of the
Troubleshooting Strategy 112
Research Example of Relevancy Testing 113
Moving From Program Scope to Action Plan 115
Questions for Reflection 116
References 412
Index 426
Preface
xvi
Special Features
of the Book
T his book is about program evaluation in action, and to that end it does the
following:
xvii
xviii Practical Program Evaluation
3. Puts each approach into action. Using illustrative examples from the
field, the book details the methods and procedures involved in using various
evaluation options. How does the program evaluator carry out an evaluation
so as to meet real evaluation needs? Here, practical approaches are discussed—
yet this book avoids becoming a “cookbook.” The principles and strategies of
evaluation that it presents are backed by theoretical justifications, which are
also explained. This context, it is hoped, fosters the latitude, knowledge, and
flexibility with which program evaluators can design suitable evaluation mod-
els for a particular evaluation project and better serve stakeholders’ needs.
About the Author
xix
Part I
Introduction
T he first three chapters of this book, which comprise Part I, provide general information
about the theoretical foundations and applications of program evaluation principles.
Basic ideas are introduced, and a conceptual framework is presented. The first chapter
explains the purpose of the book and discusses the nature, characteristics, and strategies
of program evaluation. In Chapter 2, program evaluators will find a systematic typology
of the various evaluation approaches one can choose among when faced with particular
evaluation needs. Chapter 3 introduces the concepts of logic models and program theory,
which underlie many of the guidelines found throughout the book.
1
2 Introduction
Chapter 1
Fundamentals of
Program
Evaluation
T he programs that evaluators can expect to assess have different names such as treat-
ment program, action program, or intervention program. These programs come from
different substantive areas, such as health promotion and care, education, criminal justice,
welfare, job training, community development, and poverty relief. Nevertheless, they all
have in common organized efforts to enhance human well-being—whether by preventing
disease, reducing poverty, reducing crime, or teaching knowledge and skills. For conve-
nience, programs and policies of any type are usually referred in this book as “intervention
programs” or simply “programs.” An intervention program intends to change individuals’
or groups’ knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors in a community or society. Sometimes, an
intervention program aims at changing the entire population of a community; this kind of
program is called a population-based intervention program.
The terminology of systems theory (see, e.g., Bertalanffy, 1968; Ryan & Bohman, 1998)
provides a useful means of illustrating how an intervention program works as an open
system, as well as how program evaluation serves the program. In a general sense, as an
open system an intervention program consists of five components (input, transformation,
outputs, environment, and feedback), as illustrated in Figure 1.1.
3
4 Introduction
Environment
Feedback
Inputs. Inputs are resources the program takes in from the environment. They
may include funding, technology, equipment, facilities, personnel, and clients.
Inputs form and sustain a program, but they cannot work effectively without
systematic organization. Usually, a program requires an implementing organi-
zation that can secure and manage its inputs.
Outputs. These are the results of transformation. One crucial output is the
attainment of the program’s goals, which justifies the existence of the program.
For example, an output of a treatment program directed at individuals who
engage in spousal abuse is the end of the abuse.
Environment. The environment consists of any factors that, despite lying out-
side a program’s boundaries, can nevertheless either foster or constrain that
program’s implementation. Such factors may include social norms, political
structures, the economy, funding agencies, interest groups, and concerned
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Author: Brada
Language: French
BRADA
PRÉFACE DE
ANATOLE FRANCE
PARIS
CALMANN LÉVY, ÉDITEUR
ANCIENNE MAISON MICHEL LÉVY FRÈRES
3, RUE AUBER, 3
1895
DU MÊME AUTEUR
Format grand in-18.
ANATOLE FRANCE.
JEUNES MADAMES
I
QUESTIONS BUDGÉTAIRES