ID 173

Course Outline Vis Rep I (hard)

Schedule, Assignments, & Projects

FALL 2023

Interior Design Department

Fashion Institute of Technology / SUNY

Revised 07.2023
 Course Outline
ID 173 (HARD) Visual Presentation I

The verb to draw means “to bring out,” and to bring out is to reveal, and to reveal is
to understand. With the computer, you arrive at the end before you comprehend the
meaning of the end.”
— Glenn Murcutt, Pritzker Prize 2002, AIA Gold Medalist 2009

He/she/they (the student) must understand that in the exhilarating, awesome moment
when one takes pencil in hand, and holds it poised above a white sheet of paper, that
one has suspended there all that has gone before and all that will ever be. The creative
act is all that matters.
— Paul Rudolph, Architect 1918-1997

NOTES

• All assignments to be completed on 18” x 24” drafting vellum. “Clearprint 1000HP” or similar, not tracing
paper (unless specified).
• On your phone download a scan app (i.e.: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/adobe-scan-digital-pdf-scanner/
id1199564834).
• On your laptop download Miro (https://miro.com/signup/).
• Each week you will scan your drawings and upload to our class Miro Board (your instructor will share a link)
AND upload to the Google Drive (link provided by Instructor).
• Sketchfab links are available to help explain Project 1 (https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/vis-rep-incomplete-
cube-2504e0708123436283b0c20370b80be8)..

READINGS (see syllabus for full list)

Ching, Francis D. K., and Corky Binggeli. Interior Design: Illustrated. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
2012.

“Francis D. K. Ching, Architectural Graphics, 6th Ed [ 2015] : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming.” Internet
Archive. Accessed June 1, 2020. https://archive.org/details/FrancisD.K.ChingArchitecturalGraphics6thEd2015/
page/n249/mode/2up.

Seidler, Douglas R., and Korté Amy. Hand Drawing for Designers: Communicating Ideas through Architectural
Graphics. New York: Fairchild, 2010.

COURSE OUTLINE PACKAGE INCLUDES:

• Week by Week Schedule

• In Class Assignment + Select Home Project Descriptions
• Reference Sheets to assist in completion of work
• First Year Supply List (ID173 Hard + Soft and ID117)
Week by Week
Schedule
 Course Schedule
HOME ASSIGNMENT LIST

All drafting PROJECTS to be completed on 18x24” vellum.

Sheet titles, drawing/assignment type, and scale below.

PROJECT 1 - INCOMPLETE CUBE (2 week)

(4) Plans and (4) Elevations (sheet 1)
Scale: 1/2”=1’0”

PROJECT 2 - AZUMA HOUSE - EXISTING CONDITIONS (1 week)

Ground Floor Plan and Second Floor Plan (1 Sheet: A1)
Scale: 3/8”=1’0”

PROJECT 3 - AZUMA HOUSE - EXISTING CONDITIONS (1 week)

(7) Elevations (1 Sheet: A2)
Scale: 3/8”=1’0”

PROJECT 4- AZUMA HOUSE - ADDITION (1 week)

Second Floor Plan and Second Floor Reflected Ceiling Plan (1 Sheet)
Scale: 3/8”=1’0”

AZUMA HOUSE - FOAM CORE STUDY MODEL (2 week)

Scale: 3/8”=1’0”

AZUMA HOUSE - MODEL IMAGES (1 week)

PROJECT 5 - SIDE CHAIR/LOUNGE CHAIR (2 weeks)

(3) Plans and (3) Elevations (sheet 1)
(3) Plans and (3) Elevations (sheet 2)
Scale: 1-1/2”=1’0”

PROJECT 6 - INCOMPLETE CUBE (1 week)

(4) Plan Obliques
Scale: 1/2”=1’0”

AZUMA HOUSE - RHINO MODEL (3 weeks)

FINAL INDESIGN LAYOUT (1 week)

WEEK 1 & 2
CLASSWORK
• Drafting tools and techniques. Discuss line weights and line quality.
• Set up your drafting surface.
• Draft title block (see Reference Sheet), discuss lettering, and complete IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT “The
Matrix.”
• Review existing “Incomplete Cube” on Sketchfab (https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/vis-rep-incomplete-
cube-2504e0708123436283b0c20370b80be8) and plan oblique drawing. Discuss basic structural
elements: column and beams.

HOME ASSIGNMENT
PROJECT 1 - INCOMPLETE CUBE (1
week)(4) Plans and (4) Elevations (1 Sheet)
Scale: 1/2”=1’0”
• Draft the plan in (4) orientations and construct (4) elevations from plans. Align all drawings. See Example.

WEEK 3
CLASSWORK
• Discuss scale (see Reference Sheets).
• Complete IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT “Scale Exercise A” and “Scale Exercise B”
• Architectural scale videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9Om1f4YMhQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7n6q4YX8bvY
• Discuss provided floor plans and the main components (walls, doors, windows, stairs). Review plan cut at
4’ AFF (exception for Azuma House due to low windows).
• Review stairs in plan and elevation (shown in Azuma House PDF)

HOME ASSIGNMENT
PROJECT 2 - AZUMA HOUSE - EXISTING CONDITIONS (1 week)
Ground Floor Plan and Second Floor Plan (1 Sheet: A1)
Scale: 3/8”=1’0”
• Precisely follow Azuma House PDF to recreate existing ground level and second level plan, center and
align floor plans on one sheet.
• Include room names, a north arrow, entry arrow, and graphic scale (see Reference Sheet).

WEEK 4
CLASSWORK
• Discuss interior elevations and line weights. Single cut line, no thickness of wall/ceiling/floor.

HOME ASSIGNMENT -
PROJECT 3 - AZUMA HOUSE - EXISTING CONDITIONS (1 week)
(7) Elevations (1 Sheet: A2)
Scale: 3/8”=1’0)
• Seven (7) existing interior elevations (no furniture) cleanly organized on one sheet.
• P3 should be submitted with P2 as A1 with Elevation Arrows and P3 as A2

WEEK 5
CLASSWORK
• Review PROJECT 2 and 3. Critique line weights, accuracy, proper use of triangle and T-square.
• Discuss the Reflected Ceiling Plan.
• Discuss interior additions to be made to second level and RCP.
• Overlay sheet trace on second level to create RCP and begin drafting in class.
HOME ASSIGNMENT
PROJECT 4- AZUMA HOUSE - ADDITION (1 week)
Second Floor Plan and Second Floor RCP (on ONE Sheet)
Scale: 3/8”=1’0”

• Second level floor plan thoughtfully add:

front room: L-shaped wall with minimum of one door (pocket or sliding) and one interior window.
rear room: closet with bi-folding doors.
room of choice: built-in open shelves.
• Second level RCP thoughtfully add:
dropped ceiling/soffit and cove lighting.
• Submit Full Set as a compiled PDF on ONE SHEET.
• Bring all model making tools and material to next class.

WEEK 6 & 7
CLASSWORK
• Discuss physical model making strategies and safety.
• Discuss using drawings to construct physical model.

HOME ASSIGNMENT
AZUMA HOUSE - FOAM CORE STUDY MODEL
• Complete final model with openings (minimum detail).
• Photograph model, test different lighting strategies, edit minimum (3) favorite in
Photoshop.

WEEK 8
CLASSWORK
• Discuss final model and edited images.
• Discuss scale figures and 5’ eye level.
• Scale figures can be found here: http://www.nonscandinavia.com/
• Add well-balanced shadows and reflections
HOME ASSIGNMENT
AZUMA HOUSE - MODEL IMAGES
• Photoshop scale figures into physical model images.

WEEK 9
CLASSWORK
• Discuss how to construct furniture in plan view.

HOME ASSIGNMENT
PROJECT 5 - SIDE CHAIR/LOUNGE CHAIR (2 weeks)
(3) Plans and (3) Elevations (sheet 1)
Scale: 1-1/2”=1’0”
• Choose furniture specifications from Knoll:
https://www.knoll.com/design-plan/products/by-category/seating/side-chairs
https://www.knoll.com/design-plan/products/by-category/seating/lounge-seating
• Plan: 1 lounge chair and 1 side chair, drawn on separate sheets. Draw the front, side, and rotated view of
each chair.
• Leave space on sheet below plans for elevations.

WEEK 10
CLASSWORK
• Discuss how to construct an elevation from a plan.

HOME ASSIGNMENT
PROJECT 5 - SIDE CHAIR/LOUNGE CHAIR (continued)
(3) Plans and (3) Elevations (sheet 2)
Scale: 1-1/2”=1’0”
• Elevation: 1 lounge chair and 1 side chair, drawn on separate sheets. Draw the front, side, and rotated view
of each chair.
• Show construction lines that relate plan and elevations.

WEEK 11
CLASSWORK
• Plan Oblique demonstration.

HOME ASSIGNMENT
PROJECT 7 - INCOMPLETE CUBE (1 week)
(4) Plan Obliques
Scale: 1/2”=1’-0".
• Draw (4) orientations.

WEEK 12
CLASSWORK
• Review lines and layers in Rhino.
• Layer standards: A-WALL, A-GLAZ, A-DOOR, A-FURN, A-FLOOR
• Breakout groups work through any Rhino challenges.

HOME ASSIGNMENT
AZUMA HOUSE - DIGITAL MODEL
• Complete 2D Drawings: Ground Floor Plan, Second Floor Plan, Cross Section, Longitudinal Section.

WEEK 13
CLASSWORK/ HOME ASSIGNMENT
• Complete 3D Rhino model (no furniture).
• Save (3) interior views in the “arctic” setting. (Two Point Perspective and adjust Lens Length).
• Print each view as “Image File” (select “Raster Output”)

WEEK 14
CLASSWORK/ HOME ASSIGNMENT
• Exploded drawing - Isometric view of house volume with courtyard elements exploded vertically. Choose a
preset isometric view, save view, select “arctic,” print as “Image File” (select “Raster Output”).

WEEK 15
CLASSWORK/ HOME ASSIGNMENT
• Discuss 24” x 36” InDesign Layout
• Include:
-PROJECT 6 - AZUMA HOUSE - FURNITURE + MATERIAL (plan and elevation),
-WEEK 6 MODEL IMAGES - at least (3)
-One section/sectional perspective (digital)
-Exploded Isometric (digital)
-At least (3) interior views in two-point perspective (digital)

• Include project tile and label drawings.

FINAL SUBMISSION

• (Your Instructor will advise and confirm the submission format and due date)
DUE: Printed Copy handed in and Final PDF exported from InDesign uploaded to Drive
Final PDF + all previous Project scans should be shared with instructor on Miro and Google Drive
using proper naming conventions.

• Please name ALL of your digital files according to the following.

“First Name_Last Name_Semester Level_Degree_Course-Section_Project or Paper or
Exam.File Extension”
For example, “Jane_Doe_1st Semester_AAS_ID173-101_Exam 1_FA23.PDF”
For example, “Jane_Doe_1st Semester_AAS_ID173-101_Project 1_FA23.PDF”
 In Class
Assignments
+ Select
Home Project
Descriptions
 In Class Assignment 1
WEEK 1
THE MATRIX
Line Control, Line Quality, Line Weights

• Set-up your drafting board (this will depend on type that your purchase).
• Orient and horizontally mount an 18” x 24” sheet of vellum to your drafting board. Center on board.
Use your tools to orient and align your paper.
Use four pieces of tape or dots to mount paper to your board.
• Using light construction lines (hard lead 3H or 4H) draft a 12” square centered on your sheet.
• Construct a 12” “matrix” of lines (i.e.: a grid, a plaid, think “Burberry”)
• All lines must be oriented horizontally or vertically only. No diagonals. All lines must be continuous (no
breaks) and 12” long.
• Rely on your scale to determine measured spacing, using units of no less than 1/16” spacing. The spacing
between each line should vary and create a “rhythm” and a “proportion,” resulting in a pleasing composi-
tion.
• Strategically use at least 3 leads or more (i.e. HB, H, 2H, etc.) in your composition. USE A MINIMUM OF 50
LINES in your composition
• Consider the following terms in your efforts: “tension,” “rhythm,” “negative space” and “proportion.” Follow
all the drafting tips as outlined in your Reference Sheets.
• Should there be time remaining in class construct a second matrix, this time incorporating diagonals within
a second composition.
 In Class Assignment 2
WEEK 2
SCALE EXERCISE A

• On 8.5x11” paper, draft the lines below at 1:1, following provided dimensions in red.
• Measure the drafted lines in the appropriate scale as indicated.
• Write your answers down on your sheet of paper.

2-3/4”

1-3/4”

1-3/4”

1-1/2”

2-3/8”

1”

3”

2-3/4”

5/8”

2-1/8”

1-3/8”
 In Class Assignment 2
WEEK 2
SCALE EXERCISE B

• On 8.5x11” paper, draft a line to the given length using the scale indicated below.

Scale 1/4" = 1’-0” draw a line 8’-6” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scale 1/4" = 1’-0” draw a line 13’-3” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scale 1/8" = 1’-0” draw a line 8’-6” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scale 1/8" = 1’-0” draw a line 25’-0” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scale 1/2" = 1’-0” draw a line 12’-9” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scale 1" = 1’-0” draw a line 3’-1” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scale 3/4" = 1’-0” draw a line 3’-1” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scale 3" = 1’-0” draw a line 1’-6” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scale 3/16" = 1’-0” draw a line 18’-6” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scale 1 1/2" = 1’-0” draw a line 2’-10” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scale 3/8" = 1’-0” draw a line 7’-9” long:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Project 1
WEEK 1
INCOMPLETE CUBE
Line Control, Line Quality, Line Weights, Construction Lines, Accuracy

Using the Incomplete Cube plan oblique below and Sketchfab model (https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/
vis-rep-incomplete-cube-2504e0708123436283b0c20370b80be8) as a reference, create (4) plans. Draw the
same plan rotated 90 degrees, counter clockwise across the width of the page. Draw the front elevation above
each plan.

• The overall Incomplete Cube is 10’x10’x10’ with 1’x1’ columns and beams.
• Drawings are 1/2”=1’0” which makes each overall plan and elevation 5”x5” and columns and beams are
1/2” thick (scale will be discussed in more detail in Week 3).
• Draw construction lines in order to organize page and align drawing elements. Construction lines should
slightly extend past the drawing. Do not erase the construction lines (#0 line weight), they should be ex-
tremely light but visible when close to the drawing.
• Plan Line Weights, see Reference Sheet.
Columns are cut (#3 PRIMARY line weight), Beam below (#2 SECONDARY line weight), Beam above
(SECONDARY DASHED line weight)
10'-0"

1'-0"
Project 01

E1 INC. CUBE ELEVATION 1 E2 ELEVATION 2 E3 ELEVATION 3 E4 ELEVATION 4

SCALE: 1/2"=1'0" SCALE: 1/2"=1'0" SCALE: 1/2"=1'0" SCALE: 1/2"=1'0"

E1 E2 E3 E4
INCOMPLETE CUBE PLAN
SCALE: 1/2"=1'0"

ID-173-XXX PROJECT 1 YOUR NAME

 Project 2-4
WEEK 2-6
AZUMA HOUSE DRAWING SET + MODEL

• See provided PDF for reference drawings.

Tadao Ando. Azuma House, 1976.

 Project 5
WEEK 7-8
FURNITURE (2 sheets + 1 trace overlay)
Line Control, Line Weights, Construction Lines, Accuracy, Attention to Details, Use of Tools

• Scale: 1-1/2”=1’0”
• Student chooses furniture specifications from Knoll
https://www.knoll.com/design-plan/products/by-category/seating/side-chairs
https://www.knoll.com/design-plan/products/by-category/seating/lounge-seating
• Plan and elevation: 1 lounge chair and 1 side chair. Front, side, and rotated view.
• On trace, add built-in shelving, end table, and lamp in one of the plans and elevations. See reference
sheets for elevation ideas (accessories and lighting).
• For elevation line weights, see reference below.
Project 5

LOUNGE CHAIR
1 SCALE: 1-1/2"=1'0"

ID-173-XXX PROJECT 5 YOUR NAME

 Project 6
WEEK 11
INCOMPLETE CUBE - PLAN OBLIQUE
Line Control, Line Quality, Line Weights, Construction Lines, Accuracy, Use of Tools

Using your plans from Project 1, create (4) plan oblique view. Rotate the plan 45 degrees and extrude.

• Overall Incomplete Cube is 10’x10’x10’ with 1’x1’ columns and beams.

• Scale: 1/2”=1’0” (dimensions provided). 1/2”=1’0” which makes each overall plan and extruded elements 5”
and columns and beams are 1/2” thick.
• Draw construction lines in order to properly construct the plan oblique. All vertical lines should be parallel. All
45 degree lines should be parallel. Construction lines should slightly extend past the drawing. Do not erase
the construction lines, they should be extremely light but visible when you look at the drawing closely.
• Plan Line Weights
Outline (#3 PRIMARY line weight), Shared Edges (#2 SECONDARY line weight), Construction Lines
(#0 lighter than TERTIARY line weight).
Reference Sheets
Reference Sheet Layout
 Reference Sheet Drafting Tips
1. Putting paper down: always carefully brush off the surface before laying paper down as the smallest eraser
crumb or piece of dirt underneath will cause your tools to catch and drag, either dirtying or sometimes
tearing the surface.

2. Alignment marks: as soon as you have aligned your paper correctly, put short pencil lines on the left
and right edges of your sheet to assist you in putting your sheet back down after removing it (especially
important on any drawing you are working on for long periods of time or over several different periods).

3. Rolling the pencil: always draft over your instruments, that is, on the top edge of your parallel bar or
T-square, and practice rolling a pencil as you draw the line, so that the lead wears evenly.

4. Pull the pencil: generally pull your strokes toward you, rather than pushing away. For example, right-
handers should pull from left to right and top to bottom. This will result in better line quality.

5. Turning the scale: when making any small divisions, such as stairs, turn the scale diagonally until there is a
convenient set of divisions equal to your need, then mark off as needed.

6. Common scales: generally used architectural scales are 1/8”, ¼”, ½”, 1”, generally used engineer’s scales
for site plans are 1”=20’, 30’, 40’, 50’, 80’, 100’ – 500’. Scales such as 3/16”, 3/8”, and ¾” are less easily
divisible.

7. Right side of the paper: papers such as Clearprint 1000H and Canson have a “right” and “wrong” side – the
“right” side is when you can read the watermark of the paper from the top. The wrong side of the paper has
much different characteristics; for example it is almost impossible to erase ink from the “wrong” side. Be
very careful of this when starting presentation drawings.

8. Circles: when drawing circular elements whether with a template or compass, it is easier to draw the circle
segment first, then any straight connecting lines second. This will prevent slightly disconnected lines (e.g.,
when drawing a quarter circle connecting to a straight line).
 Reference Sheet Line Quality
Each student will purchase at least (3) Lead Holders (not mechanical pencils), (3) Lead Types (4H, 2H, HB),
and a Lead Pointer (to sharpen your lead). See supply list for additional details. In order to maintain “good line
quality,” you must keep you lead sharp, with the correct taper. See diagram below.

“ hard
“ soft

side”
side”

X
 Reference Sheet Line Weights
Your instructor will use this numbering system to “red-line” or mark up your drawings. If you see a number (#0,
1, 2, or 3) next to particular lines in your drawing, refer back to this sheet so that you can properly correct your
line weights.

#0 Construction-line
Very light lines used to layout (construct) the initial geometry of your drawing.
lntended to be seen only by you... such as guidelines for your lettering.
Width: a single line
Light pressure
4Hor 3Hlead

#1 Single-line
Used for coplanar divisions such as tile grids, wood planks, cabinet doors etc. and
for symbols such as door swings, center-lines, etc., and for texture such as
reflections in glass, stripes on a pillow.
Width: a single line
Full pressure
Hor 2Hlead

#2 Double-line
Used for profiles, edges, changes in planes, corner. Such as furniture, counters,
changes in planes, corners
Width: 2 x a single line (two lines side by side reading as one)
Full pressure
Hor 2Hlead

#3 Section-line
Section cuts through walls, windows, etc.
Width: 4 x a single line (four lines side by side reading as one)
Full pressure
HB to 2Hlead

LINE TYPES
Short dash
Used for the profile or edge of things below or beyond a given surface, such as the legs of a
table below a tabletop.

Long dash
Used for the profile or edge of things above a given surface, such as upper kitchen cabinets,
skylights, domes, etc.

Center lines (dash - dot - dash)

Used to define an objects center, such as a column line.

Borders (dash - dot - dot - dash)

Used for property borders and lease-lines.

Single break (line - one dash - line)

Used to indicate swing-line on doors and windows, and electrical circuting.

Break lines (continuous line with an sine curve)

Used to imply the drawn object continues.
Reference Sheet Line Weights
 Reference Sheet Scale
With the exception of perspectives and some other three-dimensional representations, most architectural
drawings are made “to scale.” Simply put, a floor plan or elevation, too large to be represented at full scale
(1”=1”), must be reduced to fit on a sheet of paper. To do so, a standard architect’s scale is employed. A
representation made at a quarter-inch scale (1/4”=1’0”), for instance, indicates that a distance of quarter-inch
on the drawing equals one foot in reality.

“The Architecture Reference & Specification Book: Everything Architects Need to Know Every Day” by Julia
McMorrough, 2013.

HOW TO READ AN ARCHITECTURAL SCALE

For additional reference please visit the following YouTube videos:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5t-fJ6w7QtY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7n6q4YX8bvY

Step #1: Locate the correct “scale.” For example, if your drawing indicates Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”, locate the 1/8
scale on your architectural scale.
This means that 1/8th of an inch on your drawing represents 12” in reality.

Step #2: If measuring an existing line, set one end of the line to the “0” on your scale. Then count to the near-
est whole number your line has passed to find the number of feet.
 Reference Sheet Scale
Step #3: Slide the scale so the end of the line now meets exactly on the whole number in step #2.

Step #4: Count the units to the opposite side of the “0”. In 1/8 scale each unit represents 2”. Though the num-
ber of units differs from scale to scale, they always total 12”; i.e. in 1/4 scale each unit represents 1” and in 1/2
scale each unit represents 1/2”.

Step #5: Count these units to find your inches.

 Reference Sheet Scale

Additional Reading:
Ballast, David Kent. NCIDQ® Reference Manual. Belmont, CA: Professional Publications, Inc., 2018.
Reference Sheet Floor Plan
 Reference Sheet RCP
A “reflected ceiling plan” shows a view of the room as if looking from above, through the ceiling, at a mirror
installed one foot below the ceiling level, which shows the reflected image of the ceiling above. This convention
maintains the same orientation of the floor and ceilings plans - looking down from above. As such the reflected
ceiling plan bears a direct relationship to floor plan of the room. Reflected Ceiling Plans or RCP’s are used by
designers and architects to demonstrate lighting, visible mechanical features, and ceiling forms as part of the
documents provided for construction; for example: beams, coffers, domes, coves, lighting, grills, ducts, etc.

EXAMPLE
Base Floor Plan:

Reflected Ceiling Plan:

Additional Reading:
Wakita, Osamu A, Nagy R Bakhoum, and Richard M Linde. The Professional Practice of Architectural Working
Drawings. 5th ed. Wiley, 2017.
Architects, American Institute of., and Dennis J. Hall. Architectural Graphic Standards, 12th Edition. John Wiley
& Sons, 2016.
 Reference Sheet RCP
EXAMPLE
Base Floor Plan:

Reflected Ceiling Plan:

Reference Sheet Section
Reference Sheet Doors + Windows
 Reference Sheet Stairs

Additional Reading:
Ballast, David Kent. NCIDQ® Reference Manual. Belmont, CA: Professional Publications, Inc., 2018.
 Reference Sheet
Furniture Arrangements
 Reference Sheet
Furniture Arrangements
 Reference Sheet
Furniture Arrangements
In these diagrams, optimum
dimensions are shown. A space
does not always allow for opti-
mum dimensions.
 Reference Sheet
Furniture
FurnitureArrangements
Arrangements
 Reference Sheet Lighting
+ Accessories in Elevation
 Reference Sheet Oblique

Additional Reading:
Ballast, David Kent. NCIDQ® Reference Manual. Belmont, CA: Professional Publications, Inc., 2018.
 Reference Sheet Titles + Marks

Additional Reading:
Ballast, David Kent. NCIDQ® Reference Manual. Belmont, CA: Professional Publications, Inc., 2018.
 Reference Sheet Hand Lettering

Additional Reading:
Sutherland, Martha. Lettering for Architects and Designers. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold., n.d.
 Practice Sheet Hand Lettering
Please use the following architectural drawing notes as your first lettering practice. Using a landscape format,
on an 8.5 x 11 sheet of bond paper create [4] 2” wide columns as light guidelines with approx. 1/2” spacing
between each column. Make each column approx. 6” long leaving a 1” margin at the top of the sheet and a
1.5” margin at the bottom of the sheet; provide approx. 1/8” spacing between each line in each column.

Print carefully making the letters rounded and “square”, and keeping the information vertically compact, but
legible. Letter heights will vary in each column as: 1/8”, 1/4”and 3/8”. 1/2” is rarely used because it is so difficult
to control.

Letters must be aligned on the left side only; the right hand side may be irregular (“ragged”). Keep within the 2”
column width and the given height boundaries. Try to complete each word without crunching the letters or di-
viding the word awkwardly, but keep each column reasonably justified. Use [3] guidelines for greatest accuracy.

ARCHITECTURAL NOTES:

Column #1 @ 1/8” high letter:

“Ornamentation has been, is, and will be polychrome. Nature does not present us with an object in mono-
chrome, totally uniform with respect to color – not in vegetation, not in geology, not in topography, not in the
animal kingdom. Always the contrast of color is more or less lively, and for this reason we must color wholly or
in part every architectural element.” – Antoni Gaudí

Column #2 @ 1/8” high letter:

“The usual definition of scale is the relationship of the human dimension to the environment. We talk about a
building being “in scale” or “out of scale,” which is really nonsense. Most buildings that really count have multi-
ple scales. Buildings need to be understandable in their varying dimensions – sight, sound, smell, relationship
to their environment, their spot on the globe, materials, climate, the mode of approaching, modes of move-
ment, etc. All of this is modified by our cultural memory and the twentieth-century contributions to transporta-
tion.” – Paul Rudolph

Column #3 @ 1/4” high letter:

“The creation of art is not the fulfillment of a need but the creation of a need. The world never needed Beetho-
ven’s Fifth Symphony until he created it. Now we could not live without it.” – Louis Kahn

Column #4 @ 3/8” high letter:

“Design is not making beauty, beauty emerges from selection, affinities, integration, love.” – Louis Kahn

NOTE: Convert all letters to upper case, no lower case

Practice Sheet Hand Lettering