GILBERT MWANGI

TSC NO 0711510486
KALOLENI PRIMARY SCHOOL
GRADE 5 CREATIVE ARTS LESSON NOTES
TERM 1 2024

Creating and Execution

Indigenous Kenyan Wind Instruments
KENYA INDIGENOUS MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
Wind instrument
 They are also called aero phones. They are played by blowing
These instruments have a permanent tuning which is acquired during construct
 This is because upon constructions, wind instruments remain of fixed length, have a
fix number of holes and a fixed blowing hole.
 They vary in shape, size and material used to make them. They are grouped in the
following sub- classes”
a. Horns- made from animal horns or natural hollow or hollowed out wooden
tubes. Among some communities horns are joined to a gourd. E.g.
o Oluika- luya
o Lalet-kalenjin
o Oporo/tung’-Luo
o Coro-kikuyu
o Kikundit-kipsigit
o Adet-turkana
o Aluti-Teso
b. Flutes-Are made from materials such as bamboo, swamp reeds, twig orwooden
tubes. Currently improvised using plastic tubes.

Flutes vary in length and number of finger / pitch holes from one community to
another.

Other features that can be used to distinguish or differentiate flutes are:

o -closed at both ends
o -Open at both ends
o -Open at one end and closed at another end
 o -Notched at the blowing end (part of the end is v-shaped)
o -Round at the blowing end
o -End blown(also oblique)

-Side blown (also traversely blown-this means the blowing hole is at the side of the flute.)

Indigenous flutes from the diverse Kenyan communities include:

End blown flutes (oblique)

o Muturiri-Gikuyu
o Auleru-Teso
o Asili/Odundu-Luo
o Ndererut-Kalenjin
o Ebune/Elamaru-Turkana

Traversely held flutes

o Chivoti-Digo, Rabai, Duruma

o Ekibiswi-Kuria
o Emborogo-Kuria
o Umwere-Kuria
o Mulele-Luhya
1. Whistles – these wind instruments are made from hollow tubes or reeds which are bound
together. The different length makes it possible to produce different varied pitches when the
instrument is blown e.g. biringi of Agikuyu, vilingi of the Akamba.
2. Reed instruments – double reed instruments have two reeds at the mouthpiece which is
made from reeds. The two reed instruments have a tip shield made out of a coconut shell of
metal coin
The lip shield- holds the reed in place and prevents air from escaping. The reeds vibrate
when air is blown into the instrument thus producing sound. The Nzumari and the Bung’o
played among some of the mijikenda community such as Digo and Rabai.

Functions of parts of flutes

 Bamboo reed - this is the main framework of the instrument and it also serves as the
resonator
 Blowing hole – it is a hole through which air is blown causing the production of sound
 Pitch hole – are closed and opened with alternating finger movements to produce
varied pitch when playing the melody.
 Closed – end = this part direct the sounds towards the open end.
 Abu

FUNCTIONS OF THE PARTS OF REED INSTRUMENTS

 Hollow bamboo reed – this is the main body of the instrument which act as a resonator
 Bell- it is used to make the sound louder or amplify the sound
 Neck- use to attach the double reeds and the lip shield
 Double reeds- when blown, they vibrate to produce sound
 Lip shield– this is where the lip rest when blowing

SKILLS OF PLAYING WIND INSTRUMENTS

 Some are held traversely while others are end blown

 Positioning of the lips – the lower lip is placed on the lower part of the blowing hole
 Blowing- air should be blown across the blowing hole. The amount of air being blown
depends of the wind instrument.
 Tonguing - the tongue is used to put the accent on
 Fingering – closing and opening of finger holes in an alternating manner assist to produce
varied pitch.
 Breath control – it’s also referred to as phrasing and should be done at appropriate places
when playing the wind instrument.
Football
Instep pass

The instep kick or pass uses the upper surface of the foot, also called ‘’the laces’’

How to make an instep pass

1. Place the left foot level with the ball.

2. Open hip and turn kicking foot open
3. Kick the ball width with the instep of the foot.

Pupil’s activity

Page 36-38
Dribbling

 This is the moving of a ball along the ground by picking it using either the instep or inside of the foot.
 Dribbling is used when;
 Getting the ball passed the opponent.
 Giving one time to make a good pass.
 Drawing opponents to create move for passing.
 Creating a clear chance for scoring.
 Covering a distance.
Dribbling using the inside of the fact

 Use the whole of the inside of the foot.

 Make a quick-up on the ball with inside of the ball.
 The point of contact with the ball is midway.
 Follow through with the foot kept low ensuring through the ball run through the ground.
Dribbling using the instep

 The knee to cover the ball and bent forward.

 Toes of the kicking to point downward.
 Place the non-kicking alongside the ball.
 Contact the ball with the instep, that is, midway between the toes and the lower extreme of the leg.
 The ball is kept close to the feet such that it appears as if the thigh is the feet.

For effective dribbling

 The player should lean forward with the head over the ball.
 The eyes should be scot ahead of the ball.
 The ball should be kept close to the feet.

Goal keeping

This is the ability to prevent the ball from getting into a good.

GOAL KEEPING

A good goalkeeper should have knowledge on the following:

 punting – this is when a goalkeeper catches the ball and does not take 4 steps or 6 seconds before tossing the ball in air and
kicking it.
 Narrowing the angle – this is moving from the goal line towards the attacker with the ball.
 Other skills required of a goal keeper are diving and grip.

Goal keeping the ground ball

 Get behind the oncoming ball.

 Place one knee on the ground.
 Open the bowls to catch the ball using both hands.
 If the ball is out of reach, dive to catch or punch.
 Bring the ball into the body, i.e., cushion the ball.
 Keep eyes on the ball all the time.

Goal keeping aerial ball

  Get behind the on-going ball.
 With outstretched arms, get hold of the ball by bringing arms close to the chest and cushion it.
 For high balls, reach out to catch.
 For balls which are out of reach, dive to punch away from the goal.

Narrowing the angle

This is the moving to meet the on-going ball on an opponent.

Heading

 Stand firmly on the ground with legs astride.

 Arch the back slightly backwards.
 Target the ball as you focus on it.
 Tighten neck muscles.
 Contact the ball with the forehead.
 Keep the eyes open at the time of the contact.
 Follow through with the body.

Reasons for heading

 To save.
 To give of a pass.
 Control of the ball.
 To fake the opponent.

Passing

This is the application of the small amount if force in order to reach the intended team mate.

Type of passes

 Wall pass.
 Square pass.
 Through pass.
 Diagonal pass.
 Back pass.

SOCCERPASSES.

1. Pushpass.
Whenpassingtheballinsoccerusingpushpass;
● Useaflatgroundwhichisfreefromdangerousobjects.
● Wearasuitablesportskit.
 ● Performenoughwarmupandcooldownactivitiesbeforeandafterthegame.
● Followyourteachers’instructionscorrectly.
2. Wallpass.
Whenplayingwallpassskill;
● Communicateloudandclear‘’wallpass’’amongyourteammatesinvolvedinthepass.
● Aminimumoftwoteammatesshouldbeinvolvedinthepassinginordertomovethebal
lpastanopponentplayer.
● Oneplayermakesagoodpassandsprintsintotheopenspaceinordertoreceivethebal
lfromthesecondteammate.
● Theplayerwhoreceivesthepassshouldsprintbehindthedefender.Theteammatesh
ouldthenpasstheballinthespaceinfrontofhimorher.
3. Outsideofthefootpass.
Whenpassingtheballusingoutsideofthefoot;
● Approachtheballwiththeupperbodyslightlybent.
● Bringthenon-
kickinglegtothesamelevelwiththeballbutslightlyawayfromthekickingfoot.
● Shiftthebodyweighttothesupportinglegandslightlybendit.
● Turnthetoesofthekickingfootinwardstofacethenonkickingleg.
● Swingthekickinglegandstriketheballwiththemiddleofoutsidefoot.
● Ensurethepassisdirectedattheintendedtargetorteammate.
Trapping

This is applied when controlling Ariel balls through the ball is not easily controlled. Trapping can be controlled by using the head,
shoulder, thigh, instep, heel, inside of the foot, etc.

Stopping

This is used to control the ball completely dead. Stopping is done using instep, shoulders, inside of the foot, scale, chest, etc.

Kicking

This is the application of great force on the ball using the foot.

Reasons

 To pass the ball.

 To short at the goal.
 To dribble.

Tackling

This is the aggressive act of the defence which may be performed anywhere in the game.

The reason for tackling is confront on opponent firmly to take the ball away from him / her. Tackling styles include;

 Direct front tackle.

 Angle front tackle.
 Side tackle.

Thrown-in
 Hold the ball in both hands.
 Stretch the hands behind the head while holding the ball.
 Push the hands forward and release the ball with the wrist.
 Ensure the feet are stationery on the ground.
 Follow through to ball using both.
COMPOSING RHYTHM

Is a succession of sound with long, short or equal duration. It is the pattern of the music in a
given time. It can exist without a rhythm.

The long and short the French rhythm names are used to create different rhythms and
represented by different matching symbol. These musical symbol are the musical notes.

Words have their natural speeches style which dictates whether to be given either along or a
short beat. Syllables in words can be stressed while others are not.

The stressed syllables occurs as strong beats while the unstressed syllables as week beats.

The beats are divided into groups of two beats, three beats or four beats

MELODY
Is a sequence of pleasant sounds that makes up musical phrase
 It is a tune that sound nice or pleasant to the ears
An understanding of high and low sounds is essential in identifying melodic
variations within a song. Variation to simple melodies can be created by
 Repetition
 Changing doh
 Changing rhythms
 Changing note
 Changing words

HAND SIGNS

It is a good way of understanding and recognizing pitch. These are gestures used to indicate
pitch in sol –fa.

When using hand gestures to guide the pitch of the ‘’doh’ is movable (it is not fixed)
ROUNDERS:fielding,Throwing,CatchingandStamping.
The Rounders game is played by players referred to as fielders and
batters.Thefielderstrytoputoutthebattersbystampingtheposttheyarerunningto.
Thegameshouldbeplayedbetweentwoteamswithamaximumof15players.
Throwingtheballinrounders.
 Therearetwothrowingskillsinrounders.Theyinclude:
a. Over arm throwing – it is mostly used by the fielders to pass long balls
tootherteammembers.Theballispassedtoateammatewhoisnearthebasewhich is in
front of the leading batter. It is mostly used for the balls
whichhavebeenhitfarfromthepost.
i. Whileusingtheoverarmthrow,griptheballinawaythatyourfirstandsecondfingers
areoverthetwoseams.
ii. Directyourshouldertowardstheteammatesyouarepassingtheballtoandreleaset
heball.
b. Under arm throwing – it is mostly used by the fielders when making shortpasses to
the teammate in order to stamp opponents. Grip the ball as it is
doneinanoverarmthrowbetweenthefingersandthethumb.Theplayerswingsthearm
forward as he or she steps in front to release the ball with a flick of thewrist.
Catchingtheballinrounders.
Catchingisdonebythefielderswhenreceivingathrownballinordertostampthepostandputth
ebatterout.

11
 Thegoldenruleofcatchingistokeeptheeyesontheballfromthemomentitl
eavesthepitcher’shandsandfollowitallover.
When catching the ball, stretch out your arms in front of the chest.
Thumbsshould point each other. When the ball gets in your palms,
close your fingersoverittopreventitfrombouncingout.
Stampinginrounders.

a) Stampingistouchingapostbythefielderusingthehandwiththeball.
b) Fieldersstampthenearestpostthatthebatterisapproachingsoastostam
phimorherout.
c) Onceabatterisstampedout,heorsheisoutofthegame.
Technical,tacticalapproachesandrulesofthegame.
Technicalapproachesareskillsthattheplayersapplytoensuretheywinthega
me.Theseskillsinclude;catching,throwingandstampingthepost.
Tacticalapproachesaremethodsthatareplannedandusedtoachieveapar
ticulargoal.
Examples of tactical approaches are; Spread all over the field of
play,Communicatewithyourteammatesloudlyandclear,Workasateam,
Bequickandalert.

Rulesoftherounders’game.

a) Itisplayedbetweentwoteams.Oneteambatswhiletheotherteamfieldsand
bowls.
b) Thegamestartswhenthebowlerbowlstheballtothebatterwhohitstheball
forward on the rounder’s pitch. The batter runs around tapping every
postbeforethefielderscanstampthenearestpost.
c) Ifthebatterreaches2ndor3rdpostinonehit.Theteamscoreshalfarounder.Ift
hebatterreachesthe4thpostinonehit.Thebatterscoresfullrounder.
d) Abatterisputoutwhenheorsheleavesthenearestpostandruntothenextp
ostanditisstampedbeforeheorshegetsthere.
Rounders equipment

 Rounders game - The game is a 9 – 9 side bat and field game.

 The game takes not more than 15 minutes and it has two substitutions.
 Each team bat in turn while the other team fields.
 The objectives of the bating team is to hit the ball in such a direction that the batsman can run
round the four posts before the next ball is bowled and so score a rounder.

Equipments

1. rounders post
2. a rounder ball
3. rounders bat

Making rounders equipment

Equipment for rounders can also be improvised using the following materials

1. Bat – old pieces of cloth (socks), scrapper, clothing materials, leather, bamboo sticks.
The bats

They are made of wood, metal (aluminium) or plastic.

The wooden bat is round with maximum of length of 46cm (1.5ft) with a maximum weight of 370grams.

2. Ball – nonwoven, wooden materials or leather.

The ball

The ball is made of a hardcore and covered with leather.

It is similar to a cricket ball.

A rounder ball weighs between 70grams – 85grams.

3. Post – plastic cones, tins, buckets, wooden stumps, rubber, mats, broom, handle, sand
The posts are 4 in number and 1.2m in height with a heavy base so that they are not easily knocked down or
blown over by wind.

Safety tips

1. Store all sharp equipments.

2. Use the sharp objects carefully
3. Do not crowd together.
4. Report any injury to the teacher.
5.
Pupil’s activity
Page 45-46

Pitch orientation

The Rounder’s Field

 2ND POST

Bowlers Umpire
DF DF

13m 13m
Bowling
square

1ST POST
3RD POST

13M
7m
13m
DF

Line for Batsman

4TH POST
Batting square

Substitute runner

Waiting Batsman Back stop

Batsman Umpire Back area Forward area

Note: DF is Deep Fielder

The playing area / pitch

The minimum recommended area is about 200m square but large areas can be used. Whatever the
size of the pitch, certain distance must be standard. The four (4) essential measurements are;

1. Bowling square.
2. Bating square.
3. Distance between bating and bowling square.
4. Distance between the bating square and first posts.

Customary fielding positions are a bat- stopper behind a batsman, one fielder at each position and
3 deep-fielders (DF).

The ball must be delivered with a smooth underarm action to the hitting side of a batsman and in the
area between the top of the head and the knees (within an imaginary angle).

A batsman receives 3 deliveries and hits the ball as far as possible. If he / she hit it far enough out of
the reach of any fielder, he / she has time to run round at each of the post to the 4thpost and by doing
so, he / she scores a rounder.
A half a rounder is got if a batsman completes the sanctions without hitting the ball or if he
completes the circuit from 1st post following a backward hit. Also obstruction is awarded a half a
rounder as a penalty.

The methods of scoring a rounder

i. Full rounder are scored from a hit.

ii. A half rounder is scored without hitting or backward hit.
iii. Penalty half rounder is scored through obstruction.

The Rounders Team

The rounder’s team comprises of the bating team and fielding team.

The team consists of backstoper who stands behind abatsman,one fielder at each post, 3 deep
fielders (DF) and the bowler who stands within the bowling square, totalling to 9 players each.

The bating team

The team consists of 9 batsmen.

The bating square

i. A batsman shall walk and not run to the bating square.

ii. Should concentrate on the game all the times.
iii. Should watch the bowler.

Learning points for pitch orientation

1. Batting is when the batsman or woman strikes the ball with the bat and hits the ball forward
into play.
2. Fielding is catching or picking up the ball after it has been hit.
3. The batting team is the team that sends the ball forward to the fielding team.
4. The fielding team is the team that tries to catch or intercepts the ball in order to stop the
batting team from scoring.

Safety tips
 1. All batsmen should wait for their turn in the backward area, 10 metres behind thee 4 th post
and 15 metres away from the batting square.

2. Make sure there are no stones or holes in the field of play

3. When you are playing the game, the equipment should be used under the direct supervision of
the teacher.

NB

1. BATSMAN – the person striking the ball

2. BATTING – when a batsman or woman strikes the ball
3. FIELDING – catching or picking up the ball after it has been hit.
4. BOWLER – a member of the fielding side. The person throwing the ball to the batsman

Bowling in rounders

Bowling

 Bowling is the act of sending the ball to the batsman using a continuous smooth under arm
action
 The bowling action is based entirely on under arm throwing.
 For a successful and correct bowling, the bowler must bowl a ball towards the batsman.

The bowling action

1. the ball is thrown with a smooth underarm action

2. the ball arrives without bouncing within the batsman square
3. the ball is above the batsman knee
4. the bowler’s feet should be inside the bowler’s square

Teaching points

1. Have a good grip of the ball.

2. Stand sideways to the back top with weight to the rear foot.
3. As the ball leaves the hand turn the shoulders with a strong follow through towards the
batsman.
4. While swinging the arm, balance the body by simultaneously swinging the other arm
backward.
5. The arm motions should be smooth and rhythmic.
6. A donkey drop may also be used in bowling (A donkey drop is a high ball, which reaches the
batsman at the correct height as it falls).
Ball gripping

 First and second fingers are placed over two seams of the ball where they come together, with
the thumb over the seam.
 GRIP- to seize or hold an object firmly

Batting in rounders

 Batting is an attacking technique in rounders.

 The ball is hit by the batsman towards any direction.
 The fielders go the ball and return it while attempting to touch the post the batsman is heading
for.
 As the batsman does the batting, it is important to observe the rules otherwise one will be
declared a batsman out or a no ball

How the batsman may be put out (disqualified)

1. He/She bats the ball and the ball is got in the air except on a no ball.
2. If has one or both feet over front line of the bating square before he/she deliberately runs
inside of the post.
3. If deliberately runs inside of the post.
4. If he deliberately drops his or her bat.
 5. If he obstructs the fielder or intentionally deflects the course of the ball.
6. If her fielder touches the post immediately ahead immediately with ball or the hand which
holds the ball while the batsman is running to that post (Applies only after the batsman has
left the first post).
7. If he overtakes another batsman.
8. If he loses contact or runs at the anytime when the bowler has the ball and is in square except
an overrun.
9. If after having ordered to make contact with the post, a batsman has not done so/does not do
so.
10. A post he is running to is hit by the ball.

How to perform rounders batting

Stance

1. Be in a comfortable position with legs shoulder width apart.

2. Stand on your toes so when you hit the ball you may get away quickly
Grip

1. Have a good firm grip round the handle with one hand
2. The top of the bat should be pointing towards the sky
3. All fingers should be round the handle
Preparation to bat

1. When getting ready to bat the rounders ball the player should keep the eyes on the ball.
Swing hit

1. Swing back from the shoulder, with the elbow lifted from the body, stay relaxed
2. Hit the ball by quickly straightening the elbow with a strong swift flick and a turn of the hand
so that the knuckles are facing the ground
3. This turnoff the wrist and arm speed to the hit and direction to the ball.

Teaching points

 Stand sideways to the bowler, right-handed player have the left shoulder facing forward to the
bowler.
 Hold the bat so that the tip is above the level of the weight.
 Watch the ball from the bowler’s hand on the way into the bat.
 The arms should be swayed back from shoulder with elbow lifted away from the body.
 Before the hit, the batsman stands feet astride with weight of the rear foot.
 Have good timing of the ball.
 Have a good follow through.
.

Pupil’s activity

Page 53-56

Running a rounder

Running a Rounder
  Each batsman is entitled towards one good ball and having hit or attempted to hit, he must
leave the bating square and run round the track of he or she reaches the 4 th post before next
ball is bowled he scores one rounder.
 For a rounder hit or a half a rounder if he misses the ball or from a backward hit.
 He may stay at any point at the way round where he is safe provided he keeps contacts with
the post with his hand or bat.
 When further ball are bowled he may run to the next post but when he reaches the 4 th post, he
cannot score. He remains at the backward area until his turn is turned to bat again reaches.

Rules to observe when playing rounders

1. Run to outside of the posts

2. If you stop at a post you must keep contact with the post, with hand or bat.
3. You can run on to a post if it has been previously stumped (You do not score if the post
immediately ahead has previously stumped).
4. When the bowler has the ball in the bowling square you cannot move on, but if you are
between posts you can carry on to the next post.
5. You cannot have two batsmen at a post.
6. At a post you do not have to move on for every ball bowled.
7. You can move on as soon the ball leaves the bowler’s hands. You must touch 4th post on
getting home/completion.
NB

FIELDING

Attempt to catch or stop the ball and return it has been hit by the batsman, thereby preventing runs
being score or base.

Fielding

 A travelling on the ground should be gathered as quickly as possible.

 Fielders should be mobile at all times / alert.
 Should watch keenly the action of bowler and batsman.
 Stand weight evenly distributed to the balls of the feet.
 Knees slightly bend.
 Fielder should try to anticipate the ball’s line of the flight.
 When fielding ground balls a fielder can either kneel on one knee or use the knees full bent.

Pupil’s activity

Page 56-58