PV solar cells are sustainable source of energy

I capital but low operational and maintenance cost are its perks

Efficiency is increasing day by day and is also pollution free

Cells can be produced using silicon and non silicon based methods

Different types of PV Cells

GaAs: It has a high fabrication cost

We need to make alloys with aluminium Phosphorus and antimony for increased efficiency

Dye sensitized solar cells: Semiconductors used in this particular types of cells are made using
photosensitized anode and electrolyte.

It has a low fabrication cost high efficiency and porphyrin based dies increased PCE

Perovskite Solar cells: It has high efficiency and low cost

Mesoporous and thin film architecture are one of the main advantages

High PCE that is about 22.1 %.

Organic Solar Cells: it has low cost and conversion efficiency about 9%

Fabrication used has electron donor and acceptor materials instead of semiconductor PN junction.

PV/T Cells

Mainly crystalline silicon technology is used in these particular types of cells.

Nowadays is the world is moving towards amorphous and thin film technology.

Please particular types of cell convert the incident radiation from sun into electricity and heat
simultaneously.

This particular type of system contains of PV module, channel, coolant, DC fan, and a collector.

Hindi step of system efficiency depends on various factors, namely:

Cell Temperature

Air Mass flow Rate

Type of Solar Collector

Absorbar modification

Limitations of this system

The installation cost is really hai

Engineers might face designing problems while keeping the application in mind

The market potential for this particular types of cells is below expectations

PV/T Air collector

In this particular types of cells half of the sunlight that is incident on the cells convert into heat.

Due to this reason there might be a structural damage.

The design varies on the channel position according to the application and the space provided.

There is a double pass design which passes the air from below and above the cells which provide a
uniform cooling of the PV module and hence lowers the temperature.

Modification Impacts

Using rectangular fins in the lower channel has shown an increase in heat transfer.

The V groove type of aluminium absorber plates enhances the overall efficiency of the system.

Glazing is a process where the PV cells have a layer of glass with some kind of coating on it.

This enhances and traps more heat energy so we can get a high thermal output.

The mass flow rate and the model temperature are inversely proportional.

Any type of insertion of porous media increases the efficiency by 10% compared to conventional
systems.

PV/T Water collector

This type of system have an advantage in household areas where it satisfies electricity and hot water
needs.

Also the same water can be used to sprinkle on the top surface to reduce reflection losses.

Also nanoparticles induced into water or any other fluid has shown that it wraps more energy compared
to simple water.
Many phase change materials have also so being helpful per heat transfer as they change their state
from solid to liquid and vice versa in a very short temperature span.

One of the major drawbacks in this type system was to connect the absorber and the PV cells using glue
which is now replaced by a lamination procedure.

Combi System

Water and air used together gives better efficiency as water has a high convection rate and air has a
good mass flow rate.

Another reason is also the surface area of heat transfer increases hence increases deficiency.

Aany nanoparticles can be used along with the cooling fluid which has an impact on direct absorption
instead of putting thermal collector into the system.

It has been shown through some experiments that Al2O3 nanoparticles have energetic performance in
comparison to TiO2 nanoparticles.

Concentration of these nanoparticle should also be in a definite quantity not more so that it traps a lot
of thermal energy and not less that it reflects it off.

We can have even greater efficiency by making the water the cooling fluid run through a aluminium roll
bound absorbers.