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Date SubMOhadthg eg © ans © GC + Shy + 16 O. ——— Or + 30 4n= 2 6C + Sup ———-> GoW Cote +15 O 602 + S20 AN =~ 8269-4 p : Ent of combust of Glo > ~3268 02 Ky Spontaneous _pmocess — Spontaneous mess _ are Snnse_process whth ta. “natura RN foccur own 4p a porttulsy Acero sith or _ without: Yelp of any erttinal_ayny for Sara AN nana process are sponianeous: _ Crampe where Wirfatioo oor equind = wonty__keeps on evaporating Sugar __dssdve fH water 4D Res wfirt ovide__reagr_witn_oxygen_ my gh Sogo _abputoe tnd) > |@ |e lo jo “|| Rusting of ron. ey ie Pa -||woarer Flow from wher lex\ 49 lower lew. vil mernone turns with ar one Aihed: tiohere._ SHON % ngs cay + 90, -fynttin Coo + 2H cool keeps on burning enre Dies. ee ete ee ete eet eer (ae GURUKUL Scanned with CamScanner Oate__ age ____|| Chavacieys of spontaneous process | 4 {|r occurs wFthout external _assistan a. | fe reverse pmeess ond _oceurs Tr one afer. || Entnaipy and _egontane?hy Ce = [AN ame process wt unt ore eee accomparitd | _| envnatpy _octus _sponraneously - or _proces_novthg_ 02 ___| ours — spontaneousiy or, exotrermfe._cactft® _aic_spon ta es - ; [rangomness tiger “Je_Me_vowe_of entrphy. Hor Lmoletulay arrangement ower 8 _ the + hopy of differnt state ta oder_ Enrmpy_fs_o sine foncn'dn therfore cnange fr _entro on no PHB) and fda} state of the Funan. Change To _____ entropy 5 _denottd _by Jn O38: Spmouct. = Sraciant_ Or AS = Séina_- Sinfrtay = as fe ao gun by OS? 4 a (wnere__q %_heat T fo_temperature quRURUL — : Scanned with CamScanner Page Date ———— Srmpy conga. _dufh4_ pase frags $$ —__—_—~§% Eoropy. of fusion v ee eee ee HB me _afeence benween ennropy_oF -ee_oie_OF soso. ‘Ruta_and sold pase _at_melting_ peta Astusiin = Siiquea _- Ssdfa burfhg this _ prices _neot quota (equal! etn} OF Fustn- 0 Stusbn = O. Tmerting ~ é ov, Aseusn = Atttusfat oa Tmentdg = a Ourfing th?s process heat fs _obsored $0, Anrusion fs sve prress is_endotnermfe. +l enpy Of vapor?ation. ny fine _dfrernce derween entropy of one_moe oF INapour and. Niquid phase at bel nq. porte ASvaparfiation = Sqas - Stuia_ Outing tnfs_pmress hea heat absorbed Be equa, _2vinalpy of vopovPraitin » 60 = — ASvaporravren = Aly | | GURUKUL Toteng Scanned with CamScanner Date Page —__ || Ourtng sn process _heat % absorbed ©, Atvepyation_ ly @ eng ANCE emesis enwowerye ee Emmalpy of sublimation. Isr ie direerene _behween entropy nf one_moie_of esrance fy vapour and sdifa Pak at the temperature et subimation. AS aunfmnttoo_= Sgas - Ssoita burfng tn press heat avsovbed Ys equal tr enthalpy of suovinarin go, A Ssupfenatin_= gq ____Teuwfrration 01, AScupfmarion = OMsueafenation on ____ Teup%matfon Durfho, ANTS Prwcess heat 78 _obsorted 9) i Atsunitnarn —_%_ _ANe_4 the process Ts _enchinemnit. entry of _transtifons- Tr Ts we ateferrne ened _entmnpy oF L me of Sots _svostane _3n_dTefeene__anlormnge_form_ay ‘ro ng{iion__iemnperatunc: DSxonsto_= SAvranstifon. ‘Vransftfon Scanned with CamScanner * anies do >| First sae _of tremmoaynamfes O88" rerio cern Wacom Tne a ‘Sponmneous process chun —aHompanito— : lenopy bo Ni sponraneous proce t Fs__consrane oo from) d/l hear connor be dyansovrnes__ spontaneously for). ‘oody. . — Se means tnat _ennmpy change _0 inge_oF_unfurse _aurthg piecess % _posfife- _ — Ennwpy _cnange_and spontaneity a 2|| Spontaneous process feds mow muatds Me state oF Rnorrased dfsorder-the Tnewased diseoder lead __t)_qmtatey entmpy S01 Fie _pmeess_has_posttr volue of entropy change We process f& spontaneous - sfofflaniy TF the process has negar’x value of entmpy -cnange tne process f&_toy Spontaneous sfnPlarly, em _yalue oF _entopy change fers 40 tne_pMcess_ ak egufttovium Gibbs fre eneray iE | fee energy OF subsome FS deFFed as the maximum _onoure of energy vaflabie Yo a syst duifhq_o process that cw 2 [conurted ftp useful_voorle. Tn _otner words WH 2s a meant || oF -Coparfhy of 4 syst to do wore -14 % denottd by Tana _ofan by} Scanned with CamScanner Date Page Aoneve ; _H= enthalpy $= entropy, T= Qpsdvie temperate Fle, Wit ong & or state funetn- 60, GK ai sore funchitn NOW IMTNWIY Te O% Gy HHL Od $= Sy _ “1 Qy =4y~ Ts finally » oF y= G2 He Ho Gnd $=S2_ Qo 2 Hoo Fre energy of. spontanety. Sj The _‘ptal_enropy change _durihg the pmcess_is__ghen by 4 stora_=__SSsystem + ASsurewnaing —— when syst _yrleas@_energy H_B_ovsorbed by _savuotinso, ASsurmunditg= Atisumpunaing = —iagion — T GURUKUL = Scanned with CamScanner fom@ 4 @ QSrorat_= ASsystem + AHsunpundihy i —————————__. Ot, AStora © Aeyetrh 27 Ab eayatee une syst owe omits AStom = Qs- ay . ae v OF _AStora_= Tas — 4H 7 Or, TA Stora = ~ (At! -TAs) — Or) TASta 2 -Ou (2 AG > OH-TAS)__ | eo Storol_= - Aw : = - 4 —— —_ mf& 7 eClatn tenon Free “enetgy, _and “entropy: Conditibn for_a system fo _be spontaneous 4 Stata) shoud be De _% pose 66 will be_negaite From roanbn TAS 2-AG | Hence, ine process & spoaneous tt gu AegaTrVe 1 NON=: e_bu ts poste ond non _equifoutin % ay B® 2eMp. Scanned with CamScanner Date__ Page | i | Bel e Nd _WseFul Work (nee wore) _~|| From. “19h tao of —Anettindy nami gz Ae ry ——® Or Ge be t wusery + Pay Cs" w =wouseeui + Pav) or. TAS = B+ Pav twasefyy _ ov Ths = OW + Wuseny (OH = BE + POV) Oy] sy +TAS = wuserul og|_— CoH = TAS)= wuser) ‘Gibbs tre energy. “fs-ve_we Value of _nenaork “ye_wa vawe of enor lusefal | Peaterfon. of fcastnitty a of reaction: =| fom Cibb's wemmoltz equarvon, Gg = OH -TAS_ [for _etoinemte pes On Ge aoe ME Te process Fs_Sponranepus _ Bl wnen As Be GURUKUL Scanned with CamScanner Page Date —_—— BGene -TX-ve ee Aq= -Ve+ver BU =e omy at tow temperanure ae Toh process spontaneous only ok Ww _femmpevanvye for_enavinemie process OH Fe always *VE ______ OQ when as B we —s BG = ne - T+ve bus +ve-veT — AGE YE gy at high kmperanie = Fhe_pmes_% sporraneous only at _tigj_Hemperatye 7 py|_wnen AS EB Ae [ ee By = ay — TX Ve : Aus ou rvet aaa Aus *ve oe Ond Ane process fs aon spontanewis- _ x eran dois at _78-U'c « The eomnaipy_of _vaporrakn of _ethand Ys_ua: YU ks- colculgle he entropy oF paAorON Gen, Entropy of vaporisatibn owed) = 824 Kj = younids J Gating oft Upsting) = Uc = (18-4+07 3k 4 SvqperSaron_ =? GURUKUL SbLak Scanned with CamScanner Date __Page 120-66 SIs Entnaley oF fustdn of Re 7% 308 Tig: Carulate te molar entropy change at. its__ normal meting point: | entnoipy of _fusbn of te = = 308 Ty a = 308218 SImol + 55UU Timae Mew vm (merring = 0'C = 213K . AStusp > Bkeust) 21k ah ‘Scanned with CamScanner

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